N MN HC

GVHD: L XUN HI

MC LC
Li m u....................................................................................................... 5
CHNG 1: GII THIU V ACETONE V QUI TRNH CNG NGH ........ 6
1. Gii thiu s b .......................................................................................... 7
2. Sn xut Aceton.......................................................................................... 8
3. Cng ngh chng ct hn hp Acetone Nc ..................................... 9
4. Chn loi thp chng ct v phng php chng ct .......................... 9
5. S qui trnh cng ngh v thuyt minh qui trnh cng ngh.......... 10
CHNG 2: CN BNG VT CHT CN BNG NNG LNG .......... 14
1. Cn bng vt cht ..................................................................................... 15
1.1 th cn bng Acetone Nc ........................................................ 16
1.2 Xc nh ch s hi lu thch hp ........................................................ 17
1.3 V ng lm vic ............................................................................... 19
1.4 Xc nh s mm l thuyt v s mm thc t .................................... 19
2. Cn bng nng lng .............................................................................. 21
2.1 Cn bng nhit lng ca thp chng ct .......................................... 21
2.2 Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b ngng t ........................................ 23
2.3 Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b lm lnh sn phm nh ................ 23
2.4 Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b lm ngui sn phm y (trao i
nhit vi nhp liu ban u) .................................................................. 24
CHNG 3: TNH TON THIT B CHNH .................................................. 25
I.

Kch thc thp .................................................................................... 26

1. ng knh on ct ........................................................................... 26
2. ng knh on luyn ......................................................................... 28
3. Chiu cao thp ..................................................................................... 30

II.

Tnh ton chp v ng chy chuyn .................................................... 31

A. Tnh cho phn ct .................................................................................. 31

SVTH: TRN VN PHC

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 N MN HC

GVHD: L XUN HI

B. Tnh cho phn chng ............................................................................ 32

III. Tnh chi tit ng dn ............................................................................. 37
1. ng knh ng dn hi vo thit b ngng t ..................................... 37
2. ng dn dng chy hon lu ............................................................... 38
3. ng dn dng nhp liu ........................................................................ 38
4. ng dn dng sn phm y ................................................................ 38
5. ng dn t ni un qua thp ................................................................ 39
IV. Tnh tr lc thp .................................................................................... 39
A. Tng tr lc phn ct ............................................................................ 39
1. Tr lc a kh Pk .............................................................................. 39
2. Tr lc do sc cng b mt.................................................................. 40
3. Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a ( Tr lc thy tnh Pt )................... 40
B. Tng tr lc phn chng ...................................................................... 41
1. Tr lc a kh Pk ............................................................................. 41
2. Tr lc do sc cng b mt ................................................................. 41
3. Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a ( Tr lc thy tnh Pt ) .................. 42
CHNG 4: TNH C KH ........................................................................... 44
1. Tnh b dy thn tr ca thp ................................................................. 45
2. Tnh - chn b dy y v np thit b ................................................... 47
3. Chn bch v vng m ........................................................................... 48
4. Tnh mm ................................................................................................... 49
5. Chn v tai treo thit b ...................................................................... 50
6. Tnh bo n ............................................................................................... 53

CHNG 5: TNH THIT B PH.................................................................. 58

I.

Thit b gia nhit hn hp u hay thit b lm ngui sn phm y 59

1. iu kin nhit ca qu trnh .............................................................. 59
2. Nhit ti .................................................................................................... 60
3. Chn thit b ............................................................................................. 60

SVTH: TRN VN PHC

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GVHD: L XUN HI

II. Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh ....................................................... 64

1. iu kin nhit ca qu trnh ............................................................. 64
2. Nhit ti .................................................................................................... 65
3. Chn thit b ............................................................................................. 65
III. Thit b ngng t hi lu ....................................................................... 69
1. iu kin nhit ca qu trnh .............................................................. 69
2. Nhit ti .................................................................................................... 70
3. Chn thit b ............................................................................................. 70
4. Xc nh h s cp nhit t dng sn phm nh n thnh ng ........... 70
5. Xc nh h s cp nhit t thnh ng n nc ................................... 71
6. Nhit ti ring ........................................................................................... 72
7. H s truyn nhit .................................................................................... 72
8. B mt truyn nhit .................................................................................. 72
9. Chiu di mi ng .................................................................................... 72
IV. Thit b ni un ....................................................................................... 73
1. iu kin nhit ca qu trnh ............................................................. 73
2. Nhit ti .................................................................................................... 74
3. Chn thit b ............................................................................................. 74
4. Xc nh h s cp nhit t dng sn phm nh n thnh ng ........... 74
5. Tnh h s cp nhit ca sn phm y ni ............................................ 75
6. H s truyn nhit .................................................................................... 75
7. B mt truyn nhit .................................................................................. 75
8. Chiu di mi ng .................................................................................... 75
V. Tnh bn cao v- Bm ............................................................................. 76
1. Tnh bn cao v ......................................................................................... 76
2. Tnh bm .................................................................................................. 79
CHNG 6: TNH GI THNH THIT B ..................................................... 81
TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................. 83

SVTH: TRN VN PHC

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 N MN HC

GVHD: L XUN HI

LI M U
Mt trong nhng ngnh c s ng gp to ln n ngnh cng nghip
nc ta ni ring v th gii ni chung l ngnh cng ngh ho hc. c
bit l ngnh ha cht c bn.
Trong thc t, chng ta s dng rt nhiu dng ho cht khc nhau: hn
hp nhiu cht hay n cht tinh khit. M nhu cu v mt loi ho cht tinh
khit cng rt ln. Qu trnh c th p ng phn no tinh khit theo yu
cu l chng ct: la qu trnh tch cc cu t trong hn hp lng lng, hay
hn hp lng kh thnh cc cu t ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau
ca chng.
V i vi h acetone nc, do khmg c im ng ph nn c th t
c bt k tinh khit theo yu cu nh qu trnh chng ct.
Nhim v thit k: tnh ton h thng chng luyn lin tc tch hn hp
hai cu t : acetone nc vi cc s liu sau y:
SVTH: TRN VN PHC

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 N MN HC

GVHD: L XUN HI

Nng sut sn phm nh : 1500 Kg/h

Nng sn phm nh : 98% theo khi lng
Nng nhp liu : 30%
Ap sut lm vic : p sut thng.

CHNG 1

GII THIU V
ACETONE V QUI TRNH
CNG NGH
SVTH: TRN VN PHC

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 N MN HC

GVHD: L XUN HI

1. Gii thiu s b :
Acetone c cng thc phn t : CH3COCH3 .Khi lng phn t bng
58.079 vC
L mt cht lng khng mu, d lu ng v d chy, vi mt cch m du
v c mi thm.
N ha tan v hn trong nc v mt s hp cht hu c nh : eter,
metanol, etanol, diacetone alcohol
ng dng : Acetone c ng dng nhiu lm dung mi cho cng nghip,
v d cho vecni, sn, sn mi, cellulose acetate, nha, cao su N ho tan
tt t acetate, nitroxenluloz, nha phenol focmandehyt, cht bo, dung mi
pha sn, mc in ng ng. Acetone l nguyn liu tng hp thy tinh hu
c.
T Acetone c th tng hp ceten, sumfonat (thuc ng), cc holofom.
c tm thy u tin vo nm 1595 bi Libavius, bng chng ct khan
ng, v n nm 1805 Trommsdorff tin hnh sn xut Acetone bng cch
chng ct Acetat ca b tt v soa : l mt phn on lng nm gia phn
on ru v eter.
Mt s thng s vt l v nhit ng ca Acetone :
Nhit nng chy : -94.6 0C ;
Nhit si
: 56.9 0C ;
T trng
:
Nhit dung ring Cp :
nht
:
SVTH: TRN VN PHC

d 204

;
22 Kcal/mol (chun 102 0C)
0.316 cp ( 250C)
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 N MN HC

GVHD: L XUN HI

Nhit tr
: 0.5176 cal/g ( 200C)
Tnh cht ho hc :
Cng hp vi natri bisunfit:
OH
CH3COCH3 + H2O CH3 - C - SO3Na
CH3
( 1-metyl-1-hydroxi etan sunfont natri )
Cng hp axit HCN:
OH
CH3CO + HCN CH3-C-CN
CH3
( pH= 4-8 )
Phn ng ngng t :
OH
O
CH3-CO-CH3 + HCH2C=O CH3-C-CH3-C-CH3
CH3
CH3
( 4-oxy-4-mtyll-2-pentanon)
Acetone kh b oxi ha bi thuc th Pheling, Tluen, HNO3, KMnO4 ,
Ch b oxi ha bi hn hp KMnO4 + H2SO4, Sunfcrmic K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4
B gy mch cacbon.
CH3-C-CH3 CH3-C-CH2-OH CH3-C-CH=O CH3COOH +
HCOOH
O
O
O
Phn ng kh ho :
CH3COCH3 + H2 CH3CHOH-CH3
iu ch :
Oxy ha ru bc hai:
CH3CHOH-CH3 CH3COCH3 + H2O
Theo phng php Piria : nhit phn mui canxi ca axit cacboxylic:
(CH3COO)2Ca CH3COCH3 + CaCO3
T dn xut c magi :
O
O
CH3-C-Cl + CH3-MgBr CH3-C-CH3 + Mg-Br
Cl
2. Sn xut Acetone :
Trong thi k chin tranh th gii ln th nht, do nhu cu v ngun
Acetone rt ln, tong khi c s gii hn trong vic thu dc Acetone t s
chng ct g, nn b sung ngun Acetone Hoa K p dng phng
php chng ct khan Ca(CH3COO)2 thu c bng cch ln men ru c
mt xc tc vi khun chuyn carbohydrate thnh Acetone v Butyl
Alcohol.Cng ngh ny c ng dng ch yu trong sut chin tranh th gii
ln th nht v nhng nm 20 .
SVTH: TRN VN PHC

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 N MN HC

GVHD: L XUN HI

Tuy nhin, n gia nhng nm 20 v cho n nay cng ngh trn c

thay bng cng ngh c hiu qu hn (chim khong phng php sn
xut Acetone ca Hoa K) : Dehydro Isopropyl Alcol.
Ngoi ra, cn mt s qa trnh sn xut Acetone khc :
- Oxi ha Cumene Hydro Peroxide thnh Phenol v Acetone.
- Oxi ha trc tip Butan Propan.
- Ln men Carbo hydrate bi vi khun c bit.
- Cng ty Shell s dng n nh mt sn phm ph.
Tng hp Acetone bng cch Dehydro Isopropyl Alcol c xc tc:
CH3CHOHCH3 + 15.9 Kcal ( 3270C ) xuctac
CH3COCH3 + H2
Xc tc s dng y : ng v hp kim ca n, oxit kim loi v
mui.
nhit khong 325 0C , hiu sut khong 97%.
Dng kh nng sau phn ng gm c : Acetone, lng Isopropyl Alcol
cha phn ng, H2 v mt phn nh sn phm ph ( nh Propylene,
diisopropyl eter ). Hn hp ny c lm lnh v kh khng ngng
c lc bi nc . Dung dch lng c em i chng ct phn
on, thu c Acetone nh v hn hp ca nc, Isopropyl Alcol
( t ) y.
3. Cng ngh chng ct hn hp Acetone Nc :
Ta c Acetone l mt cht lng tan v hn trong nc v nhit si ca
Acetone ( 56.9 0C 760 mmHg) v Nc ( 100 0C 760 mmHg) : l kh
cch xa nhau nn phng php hiu qu nht thu c Acetone tinh khit
l chng ct phn on da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc cu t trong
hn hp.
Trong trng hp ny ta khng th s dng phng php c c v cc
cu t u c kh nng bay hi, v khng s dng phng php trch ly cng
nh hp th do phi a vo mt pha mi tch chng, c th lm cho qu
trnh phc tp hn, hay qu trng tch khng c hon ton.
4. Chn loi thp chng ct v phng php chng ct :
Chng ct l qu trnh phn tch cc hn hp lng thnh cc cu t
ring bit da vo s khc nhau v bay hi ca chng ( hay nhit
si ), bng cch lp i lp li nhiu ln qu trnh bay hi ngng
t, trong vt cht i t pha lng vo pha hi hoc ngc li.
i vi chng ct ta c hai phng php thc hin :
- Chng ct n gin (dng thit b hot ng theo chu k):
Phng php ny s dng trong cc trng hp sau :
+ Khi nhit si ca cc cu t khc xa nhau .
+ Khi khng i hi sn phm c tinh khit cao .
+ Tch hn hp lng ra khi tp cht khng bay hi .
+ Tch s b hn hp nhiu cu t .

SVTH: TRN VN PHC

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 N MN HC

GVHD: L XUN HI

Chng ct lin tc hn hp hai cu t (dng thit b hot ng lin

tc): l qu trnh c thc hin lin tc, nghch dng, nhiu on.
Ngoi ra cn c thit b hot ng bn lin tc .
Trong trng hp ny, do sn phm l Acetone vi yu cu c
tinh khit cao khi s dng , cng vi hn hp Acetone Nc l hn
hp khng c im ng ph nn chn phng php chng ct lin
tc l hiu qu nht.
Chn loi thp chng ct :
C rt nhiu loi thp c s dng, nhng u c chung mt yu cu c
bn l din tch b mt tip xc pha phi ln, iu ny ph thuc vo phn
tn ca mt lu cht ny vo lu cht kia .
Ta kho st hai loi thp chng ct thng dng l thp mm v thp
chm:
- Thp mm gm thn thp hnh tr, thng ng, pha trong c gn cc
mm c cu to khc nhau, trn pha lng v pha hi c cho tip
xc vi nhau.
Gm c : mm chp, mm xuyn l , mm van. Thng s dng mm
chp .
- Thp chm l mt thp hnh tr, gm nhiu on ni vi nhau bng
mt bch hay hn . Vt chm c y trong thp theo mt hay hai
phng php : xp ngu nhin hay xp th t .
Chn loi mm chp thc hin qu trnh chng ct v nhng u im
sau:
- D dng lm v sinh thng qua cc ca sa cha .
- Vi cng mt chc nng, tng khi lng thp mm thng nh hn
so vi thp chm.
- Hiu sut mm khng i i vi mt khong vn tc dng lng hoc
kh.
- C th lp t ng xon gii nhit trn mm khi cn thit .
- Thp mm thch hp trong trng hp c s mm l thuyt hoc s
n v truyn khi ln .
- Thp c thit k c th gi c mt lng lng nht nh trn
mm.
- Chi ph thp mm c ng knh ln r hn so vi thp m .
- D dng a vo hoc loi b cc dng bn .
- Tnh n nh cao.
5. S qui trnh cng ngh v thuyt minh qui trnh cng ngh :
a. S qui trnh cng ngh (xem trang sau)
-

SVTH: TRN VN PHC

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 N MN HC

SVTH: TRN VN PHC

GVHD: L XUN HI

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 N MN HC

GVHD: L XUN HI

Hi kho
ng ngng
N
c
8
15

14
P

N
c
T

N
c

10
5

N
c

11
Sa
n Pha
m
nh
Hi N
c
P

12

13
2

Sa
n Pha
m a
y

N
c Lo
ng

Nguye
n Lie
u

SVTH: TRN VN PHC

Sa
n Pha
m a
y

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Ch thch :
1. Bn cha nguyn liu .
2. Bm.
3. Bn cao v .
4. By hi .
5. Lu lng k .
6. Van .
7. Thp chng ct .
8. Thit b ngng t sn phm nh .
9. B phn chnh dng .
10. Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh .
11. Bn cha sn phm nh .
12. Ni un .
13. un si nhp liu bng sn phm y .
14. Ap k .
15. Nhit k .
b. Thuyt minh qui trnh cng ngh :
Hn hp Acetone- Nc c nng Acetone 30% ( theo khi lng) ,
nhit khong 27 0C ti bnh cha nguyn liu (1) c bm (2) bm
ln bn cao v (3). T c a n thit b gia nhit (3) ( trao i nhit
vi sn phm y). y, hn hp c un si n nhit si . Sau
, hn hp c a vo thp chng ct (7) a nhp liu.
Trn a nhp liu, cht lng c trn vi phn lng t on ct ca
thp chy xung. Trong thp hi, i t di ln gp cht lng t trn
xung . y, c s tip xc v trao i gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha lng
chuyn ng trong phn chng cng xung di cng gim nng cc
cu t d bay hi v b pha hi to nn t ni un (12) li cun cu t
d bay hi . Nhit cng ln trn cng thp, nn khi hi i qua cc a t
di ln th cu t c nhit si cao l nc s ngng t li, cui cng
trn nh thp ta thu c hn hp c cu t Acetone chim nhiu nht (
c nng 98% theo khi lng ). Hi ny i vo thit b ngng t (8) v
c ngng t mt phn ( ch ngng t hi lu). Mt phn cht lng
ngng i qua thit b lm ngui sn phm nh (10), c lm ngui n
30 0C , ri c a qua bn cha sn phm nh (11). Phn cn li ca
cht lng ngng c hi lu v thp a trn cng vi t s hon lu
ti u . Mt phn cu t c nhiot si thp c bc hi, cn li cu t
c nhit si cao trong cht lng ngy cng tng . Cui cng, y thp
ta thu c hn hp lng gm hu ht l cu t kh bay hi ( nc). Hn
hp lng y c nng Acetone l 2% theo khi lng, cn li l
nc. Dung dch lng y i ra khi thp, mt phn dc un, bc hi
ni un (12) cung cp li cho thp tip tc lm vic, phn cn li c
trao i nhit vi nhp liu ( sau khi qua bn cao v ).

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

H thng lm vic lin tc cho ra sn phm nh l Acetone, sn

phm y sau khi trao i nhit vi nhp liu c thi b.

CHNG 2

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

CN BNG VT CHT
CN BNG NNG LNG

1. Cn bng vt cht
Cc s liu ban u :
Nng sut sn phm nh thu c :1500 ( Kg/h )
Sn phm c nng Acetone : 98% theo khi lng.
Nhp liu c nng Acetone : 30% theo khi lng .
Thit b hot ng lin tc.
Cc k hiu :
F : lng nhp liu ban u ( Kmol/h )
D : lng sn phm nh ( Kmol/h )
W : lng sn phm y ( Kmol/h )
xF :nng mol Acetone trong nhp liu
xD : nng mol Acetone trong sn phm nh
xW : nng mol Acetone trong sn phm y
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Phng trnh cn bng vt cht cho ton b thp chng ct :

F=D+W(1)
F * xF = D * xD + W * xW ( 2 )
Chuyn t phn khi lng sang phn mol:
xF

xF
M1
x F (1 x F )

M1
M2

0.30
58
=
0.30 (1 0.30)

58
18

0.117(phn

molAcetone )

xD

xD
M1
x D (1 x D )

M1
M2

0.98
58
=
0.98 (1 0.98)

58
18

0.938

(phnmolAcetone)
xW

xw
M1
x w (1 x w )

M1
M2

0.02
58
=
0.02 (1 0.02)

58
18

0.006 ( phn

molAcetone)
(Chn sn phm y c nng khi lng ca Acetone
l 2% )
Tnh Mtb :
Mtb F = xF * M1 + (1- xF ) * M2
= 0.117 * 58 + (1 0.117 ) * 18
= 22.68 ( Kg/Kmol)
Mtb D = xD * M1 + (1- xD ) * M2
= 0.938* 58 + (1 0.938) * 18
= 55.52 ( Kg/Kmol)
Mtb W = xW * M1 + (1- xW ) * M2
= 0.006 * 58 + (1 0.006 ) * 18
= 18.24 ( Kg/Kmol)
Sut lng sn phm nh :
D=

1500
D
=
= 27.017 ( Kmol/h )
M tbD
55,52

( 1 ) v ( 2 ) ta c h phng trnh :
F D W

F * x F D * x D W * x W

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

F 27.017 W
F * 0.117 27.017 * 0.938 W * 0.006
F 226.84( Kmol / h)

W 199.83( Kmol / h)

F 5144.86( Kg / h)
hay

W 3644.86( Kg / h)

1.1 th cn bng Acetone Nc :

Thnh phn cn bng lng (x), hi (y) tnh bng %mol v nhit si
ca hn hp hai cu t 760 mmHg ( Acetone nc ):
x 0
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
y 0
60.3 72
80.3 82.7 84.2 85.5 86.9 88.2 90.4 94.3 100
t 100 77.9 69.6 64.5 62.6 61.6 60.7 59.8 59
58.2 57.5 56.9

ACETONE-N
C

y = phan mol acetone trong pha hi

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

x = pha
n mol acetone trong pha lo
ng

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 16

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

1.2 Xc nh ch s hi lu thch hp :
a. Ch s hi lu ti thiu :
Do nhp liu trng thi lng bo ha, nn Rmin c xc nh nh
sau:
Rmin =

x D y *F
y *F x F

xF = 0.117 y *F = 0.74 ( Xc nh t ng cn bng )

Rmin = 0.3178
b. Ch s hi lu thch hp :
Cho cc gi tr Rxi > Rxmin tm cc gi tr tung Bi tng ng v
v cc ng nng lm vic ca on luyn ng vi cc gi tr Bi :
Bi =

xD
Rxi 1

Tm cc im a( y= x= xD ), b( y= x= xw ) v ng x = xF ( song song
vi trc tung ). C mi gi tr Bi ta v c ng nng lm vic ca
on luyn v on chng .
Nh vy ng vi mi gi tr Rxi ta c s n v chuyn khi chung
tng ng l mxi.
Ta c bng sau :
Rx
Bi
mx
mx* (Rx + 1)
0.8
0.5211
6.86
12.348
0.9
0.4936
6.00
11.400
0.92
0.4885
5.92
11.366
0.95
0.4810
5.91
11.524
1.0
0.4690
5.89
11.780
1.1
0.4466
5.82
12.222
1.2
0.4263
5.79
12.738
1.3
0.4078
5.74
13.202
1.4
0.3908
5.64
13.536
Th tch thp l V = f * H
f : tit din thp, m2
H : chiu cao lm vic ca thp, m
Ta bit tit din ca thp t l thun vi lng hi i trong thp, m
lng hi li t l thun vi lng lng hi lu trong thp, nh vy tit din
thp t l vi lng hi lu .
Tc l f ( Rx + 1 ) * GD
Trong mt iu kin lm vic nht nh th GD l khng i,
nn f ( Rx + 1).
Cn chiu cao thp t l vi s n v chuyn khi H mx , nn cui
cng ta c th vit V = f*H mx ( Rx + 1)

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 17

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

T ta s lp c s ph thuc gia Rx _ mx * ( Rx + 1 ) . Mi quan

h ny s cho ta tm c mt gi tr Rx m th tch ca thit b chng ct
ng vi n l ti u Rxth .
V th quan h gia (mx i *(Rxi + 1) _ Rxi ) tm Rxth .
( Xem trang sau)

mxi*(Rx i +1)

Chsohoilu thch hp
14
13.5
13
12.5
12
11.5
11
0.7

0.8

0.9

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

Rxi

1.3 V
ng
lm vic :
Phng trnh ng lm vic lm ct :
y=

Rx
xD
x+
Rx 1
Rx 1

=0.479*x + 0.4885
Phng trnh ng lm vic phn chng:
Rx F
L 1
xx
Rx 1
Rx 1
L
Vi L = 0 = 8.396
D

y=

y = 4.8521*x 0.023
1.4 Xc nh s mm l thuyt v s mm thc t :
Do iu kin nhp liu l lng bo ha, ta c ng nhp liu l
ng :
x = xF = 0.117
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 18

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

k cc ng lm vic ca phn ct v phn chng trn cng th

c s bc thang l 5.92 , tng ng vi s mm l thuyt l 6 ( k
c ni un )
Xc nh hiu sut trung bnh ca thp tb :
tb = f ( , )
=

y 1 x
: bay hi tng i
1 y x

x, y : nng phn mol ca cu t d bay hi trong pha lng, pha hi

nht ca hn hp lng : tra theo nhit
tb = (1 + 2 + 3) / 3
1 , 2 , 3 : ln lt l hiu sut mm nh, mm y, mm nhp
liu.
T gin x-y, t-x,y : tm nhit ti cc v tr v nng pha
hi cn bng vi pha lng :
V tr mm nh :
xD = 0.938
yD = 0.962 y D = 0.988
tD = 57.55 O C
V tr mm nhp liu :
xF = 0.117
yF = 0.74 y F = 0.902
tF = 68.5 O C
V tr mm y :
xW = 0.006
yW = 0.09 y w = 0.242
tW = 96.00 C
Xc nh nht, bay hi tng i, hiu sut ti cc v tr :
V tr mm nh :
tD = 57.55 C nc = 0.49 * 10-3 Ns/m2
acetone = 0.2386 * 10-3 Ns/m2
( Tra bng I.102 v I.101 S tay tp mt )
lg hh = xD* lg acetone + ( 1 xD ) * lg nc
hh = 0.2477*10-3 Ns/m2
= 1.6733
* = 0.4145*10-3
1 = 0.63 ( Hnh IX.11- S tay tp 2 )
V tr mm nhp liu :
tF = 68.5 C nc = 0.4145 * 10-3 Ns/m2
acetone = 0.2175 * 10-3 Ns/m2
( Tra bng I.102 v I.101 S tay tp mt )

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 19

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

lg hh = xF * lg acetone + ( 1 xF ) * lg nc
hh = 0.3844 * 10-3 Ns/m2
= 21.48
* = 8.258 * 10-3
2 = 0.31 ( Hnh IX.11- S tay tp 2 )
V tr mm y :
tW = 96 C nc = 0.2962 * 10-3 Ns/m2
acetone = 0.1759 * 10-3 Ns/m2
( Tra bng I.102 v I.101 S tay tp mt )
lg hh = xW * lg acetone + ( 1 xW ) * lg nc
hh = 0.2953 * 10-3 Ns/m2
= 16.385
* = 4.838 * 10-3
3 = 0.33 ( Hnh IX.11- S tay tp 2 )
hh = ( 1 + 2 + 3 )/3
= ( 0.64 + 0.3 + 0.33 )/3
= 0.432
Ntt =

5.92
= 13 ( mm )
0.432

S mm thc t cho phn ct : 10

S mm thc t cho phn chng : 3
V nhp liu mm s : 10
2. Cn bng nng lng
2.1 Cn bng nhit lng ca thp chng ct
Phng trnh cn bng nng lng :
QF + QD 2 + QR = Qy + Qw + Qxq 2 + Qng 2
Nhit lng do hn hp u mang vo QF (j/h)
QF = F .C F .t F
F = 5144.86 (Kg/h)
tF = 68.5 oC : nhit i vo ca hn hp u ( trng thi lng si )
CF : nhit dung ring :
tF = 68.5 oC Cnc = 4190 (J/Kg. )
Cacetone = 2332.62 (J/Kg.)
CF = xF .Cacetone + ( 1- xF ).Cnc
= 0.3* 2332.62 + ( 1- 0.3 )*4190 = 3632.78 (J/Kg. )
QF = 5144.86 * 3632.78 68.5 = 1.280109 (J/h) = 355.63 (KW)
Nhit lng do hi t mang vo thp QD 2 (J/h):
QD 2 = D2 *2 = D2 * (r2 + C2* t2)

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 20

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Dng hi nc p sut 2at , r2 = 2173 (Kj/Kg), to= 119.6 oC

2 : nhit lng ring ca hi t ( J/Kg)
r2 : n nhit ha hi ( J/Kg)
t2 , C2 : nhit oC v nhit dung ring ca nc ngng (J/Kg.)
Nhit lng do lu lng lng hi lu mang vo :
QR = G R * C R * t R
CR = CD :nhit dung ring ca sn phm nh :
tD = 57.3 oC Cnc = 4187.96 ( J/Kg.)
Cacetone = 2296.06 (J/Kg. )
CD= CR = xD * Cacetone + ( 1 - xD ) Cnc
= 0.98*2296.06 + ( 1-0.98 )*4187.94 = 2333.89 ( J/Kg. )
GR = D *R = 1500*0.92 = 1380( Kg/h)
tR = tD = 57.3 oC
QR = 1380*2333.89*57.25 = 1.844*108 = 51.22(KW)
Nhit lng do hi mang ra nh thp Qy :
Qy = D .( 1+ R).D
Nhit lng ring ca hi nh thp D :
D = acetone. y D + nc ( 1 - y D )
Vi y D = 0.988 (phn khi lng )
acetone , nc :: nhit lng ring ca acetone, nc :
acetone = racetone + tD . Cacetone
nc = rnc + tD . Cnc
rnc, racetone , Cacetone , C nc tra bng I.212 v bng I.153 (S tay
tp mt ) tD=57.3 oC
Cacetone = 2296.06 ( J/Kg. )
Cnc = 4187.94 (J/Kg. )
racetone = 521.46 (Kj/Kg)
= 2425.6 ( Kj/Kg)
nc
nc = 2665.36*103(J/Kg)
acetone = 652.91 *103(J/Kg)
D = 677.06 ( Kj/Kg)
Qy= 1.95*109(J/h) = 541.65 (KW)
* Nhit lng do sn phm y mang ra Qw :
Qw= W .Cw .tw
W = 3644.86 (Kg/h)
tw = 96 oC
xw = 0.02 ( phn khi lng )
nhit 96 oC Cacetone = 2422(J/Kg.)
Cnc = 4222( J/Kg.)
Cw= 4186 (J/Kg. )

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 21

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Qw = 1.465*109 ( J/h) =406.86 (KW)

Nhit lng tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh Qxq2:
Ly Qxq2 = 5%QD 2
Nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra Qng2 (J/h)
Qng2 = Gng2 . C2 .t2
Vy lng hi t cn thit un si dung dch y thp :
D2 =

Qy Qw Qxq 2 QF QR

2
= 930 (Kg/h)

Qy Qw QF QR
0.95* r2

2.2 Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b ngng t :

Ch ngng t hi lu :
D.Rx .rD Gn1.Cn1 .(t2 t1 )

Gn1 =

D.Rx .rD
Cn1.(t2 t1 )

Chn nhit vo, ra ca nc lm lnh t1 = 27 oC , t2 = 40 0C

t =

(t1 t2 ) 27 40

=33.5 0C
2
2

Nhit dung ring ca nc nhit trung bnh Cn = 4180.94

(J/Kg. )
yD = 0.962 tD (hi) = 57.3 0C
3
C
An nhit ha hi r 57.3
acetone = 521.46 * 10 (J/Kg)
0

3
C
r 57.3
nuoc = 2425.60*10 ( J/Kg)
rD = 544.31 *103 ( J/Kg)
Suy ra lng nc lnh cn tiu tn Gn = 13820 (Kg/h) =3.839( Kg/s)

2.3 Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b lm lnh sn phm nh :

Phng trnh cn bng nng lng :
D.(rD CD .(t1' t2' )) Gn 3 .Cn .(t2 t1 )

Nhit vo ca sn phm nh t 1' =57.3 0C

'

Nhit ra ca sn phm nh t 2 = 30 0C
Nc lm ngui c nhit vo, ra l :t1 = 27 0C, t2 = 40 0C
Nhit trung bnh ca nc lm lnh ttb = (27+ 40 )/2 = 33.5 0C
Nhit dung ring ca nc nhit ttb l Cn = 4176.6 (J/Kg. )
Nhit trung bnh ca sn phm nh : t tb' = (57.3 + 30 )/2 = 43.65
0
C
t tb' = 43.65 0C Cacetone = 2251.86 ( J/Kg. )
Cnc = 4177.74 (J/Kg. )

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 22

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

CD = 2290.38 ( J/Kg. )
An nhit ha hi rD = 544.31 *103 ( J/Kg)
Suy ra lng nc cn dng :
Gn3 =

D.(rD CD (t1' t2' ))

= 16764.76 ( Kg/h)
Cn .(t2 t1 )

2.4 Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b lm ngui sn phm y ( trao

i nhit vi nhp liu ban u ):
Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng :
Q1' F .CF .(t F t f ) Qxq W ' .Cw .(t1' t2' )

tf = 27 0C
tF = 68.5 0C
t

t f tF
2

47.750 C

Cacetone = 2265.19 ( J/Kg. )

Cnc = 4180.81 ( J/Kg. )
Cf = xF .Cacetone (1 xF ).Cnuoc
= 0.3*2265.19 + ( 1- 0.3)* 4180.81
= 3606.12 ( J/Kg. )
'
t 1 =tw = 96 0C
Chn t '2 = 70 0C
t'

t1' t2'
830 C
2

Cacetone = 2379.75 ( J/Kg. )

Cnc = 4196 ( J/Kg. )
Cw = xw .Cacetone (1 xw ).Cnuoc
= 0.02 * 2379.75 + ( 1- 0.02 )*4196 = 4159.67 (J/Kg.)
Chn Qxq = 5% Q 'w
0.95* W ' .Cw .(t1' t2' ) F .CF .(t F t f )
W'

F .CF .(t F t f )
'
1

'
2

0.95* Cw * (t t )

1500 *3606.12 * (68.5 27)

2184.86( Kg / h)
0.95* 4159.67 * (96 70)

Cn 3644.85 - 2184.86 = 1460 (Kg/h) thi ra ngoi.

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 23

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

CHNG 3

TNH TON
THIT B CHNH

I. Kch thc thp

ng knh thp c xc nh theo cng thc sau :
D = 0.0188

g tb
( y * y ) tb

Trong g tb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thp ( Kg/h )

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 24

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

(tb * y )tb : tc hi trung bnh i trong thp ( Kg/h )

V rng lng hi v lng lng thay i theo chiu cao ca thp v
khc nhau trong mi on cho nn ta phi tnh ng knh trung bnh
ring cho tng on : on chng v on ct .
1. ng knh on ct :
Nng trung bnh ca pha lng :
xm = ( xF + xD )/2 = (0.117 + 0.938 )/2 = 0.5257
Nng trung bnh ca pha hi theo phng trnh ng lm vic :
ym = 0.479 * xm + 0.4885
= 0.479 * 0.5275 + 0.4885
= 0.7412
Nhit trung bnh ca pha hi, pha lng t gin t-x,y:
xm = 0.5275 tx = 60.25 OC
ym = 0.7412 ty = 68.3 OC
Khi lng mol trung bnh v khi lng ring pha hi :
Mm = ym * Macetone + ( 1 ym ) * Mnc
= 0.7412 * 58 + ( 1 0.7412 ) * 18
= 47.648 ( Kg/ Kmol )
M m' * TO
47.648 * 273
y =
=
= 1.701 ( Kg/m3 )
'
22.4 * (273 68.3)
22.4 * Ty

Khi lng ring pha lng :

xm = 0.5275 x m =

0.5275 * 58
0.5275 * 58 (1 0.5275) * 18

= 0.7825 ( phn khi lng )

t x = 60.25 C acetone = 746 ( Kg/m3 )
nc = 983 ( Kg/m3 )
( Bng I.2 S tay tp mt )

'

'

1
xm
(1 x m )
' = '
+
'
x
acetone
nuoc
0.7825
(1 0.7825)
=
+
746
983

= 1.270 * 10-3
= 787.28 (Kg/m3 )
Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn :
tb = ( g + g1 )/2 ( Kg/h )
g : lng hi ra khi a trn cng
g = GR + GD = GD ( Rx + 1)
= D ( Rx +1 ) = 1500 ( 0.92 + 1)
= 2880 ( Kg/h )
g1 : lng hi i vo a di cng ca on ct

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 25

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

g1 = G 1 + G D = G 1 + D
= G1 + 1500 (Kg/h )
Lng hi g1, hm lng y 1 , lng lng G1 c xc nh theo h
phng
trnh sau :
g1 G1 D

g1 * y1 G1 * x1 D * x D ( x1 = x F )
g * r g * r
d
d
1 1

r1 = racetone * y 1 + ( 1 - y 1 ) * rnc
r = racetone * y D + ( 1 - y D ) * rnc
Ti v tr nhp liu :
tF = 68.5 OC ra = racetone = 509.38 ( Kj/Kg )
rb = rnc = 2388.57 ( Kj/ Kg )
( Bng I.212-S tay tp mt )
r1 = r a * y 1 + ( 1 - y 1 ) * r b
= 2388.57 - 1879.19 * y 1
Ti v tr nh thp :
tD = 57.25 OC ra = racetone = 521.46 ( Kj/Kg )
rb = rnc = 2425.60 ( Kj/ Kg )
( Bng I.212-S tay tp mt )
yD = 0.962 ( phn mol ) y D = 0.988 ( phn khi lng )
r = r a * y D + ( 1 - y D ) r b
= 544.31 ( Kj/ Kg )
g1 * r1 = g * r = 1567612.8
g1 G1 1500

g1 * y1 G1 * 0.30 1500 * 0.98 ( r1 = 2388.57 1879.19* y 1 )

g * r 1567612.8
1 1
y1 0.834

g1 1909.448
G 409.448
1

gtb = ( g1 + g ) /2
= ( 1909.448 + 2880 )/2 = 2394.72 ( Kg/h)
Vn tc hi i trong thp :
( y * y )tb = 0.065 * [] * h * x * y (Kg/m2*s )
tb

tb

x tb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng:

x = 787.28 ( Kg/m3 )
y tb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi:
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 26

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

y = 1.701( Kg/ m3)

h : khong cch mm ( m ), chn h = 0.3
[] : h s tnh n sc cng b mt
1
1
1
=
+
hh
acetone
nuoc

(acetone , nuoc tra bng I.242- S tay tp mt

)
=(

1
1
+
)
17.604
64.706

hh = 13.84 < 20 dyn/cm

Nn theo s tay tp hai : [] = 0.8
( y * y )tb = 0.065 * 0.8 * 0.3 * 787.28 * 1.701
= 1.042 (Kg/m2*s )
ng knh on ct :
Dct = 0.0188 *

2394.72
= 0.901 ( m )
1.042

Chn Dct theo tiu chun : 0.9 ( m)

2. ng knh on luyn :
Nng trung bnh ca pha lng :
xm = ( xF + xW )/2 = (0.117 + 0.006 )/2 = 0.0615
Nng trung bnh ca pha hi theo phng trnh ng lm vic :
ym = 4.8521 * xm - 0.023
= 4.8521 * 0.0615 0.023
= 0.2754
Nhit trung bnh ca pha hi, pha lng t gin t-x,y:
xm = 0.0615 tx = 73.75 OC
ym = 0.2754 ty = 89.91 OC
Khi lng mol trung bnh v khi lng ring pha hi :
Mm = ym * Macetone + ( 1 ym ) * Mnc
= 0.2754 * 58 + ( 1 0.2754 ) * 18
= 29.016 ( Kg/ Kmol )
M m" * TO
29.016 * 273
y=
=
= 0.974 ( Kg/m3 )
"
22.4 * (273 89.91)
22.4 * T y

Khi lng ring pha lng :

xm = 0.0615 x m = 0.1743 ( phn khi lng )
tx = 73.75 OC acetone = 727.44 ( Kg/m3 )
nc = 975.44 ( Kg/m3 )
( Bng I.2 S tay tp mt )
"

''

1
xm
(1 x m )
" = "
+
''
x
acetone
nuoc

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 27

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

0.1743
(1 0.1743)
+
727.44
975.44

x = 920.73 (Kg/m3 )
Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng :
gtb = ( gn + g1 )/2 ( Kg/h )
g1: lng hi i vo on chng
gn : lng hi ra khi on chng
V lng hi ra khi on chng bng lng hi i vo on luyn

nn g n = g1
Hay gtb = ( g1 + g1 )/2
Lng hi i vo on chng g1, lng lng G1 v hm lng lng
x1 c xc nh theo h phng trnh cn bng vt cht v cn bng
nng lng :
G1' g 1' W

'
'
'
G1 * x1 g1 * y W W * x W g
' '
'
'
g1 * r1 g n * rn g1 * r1

Vi W = 3644.86 ( Kg/h )
= 0.02
xW
xW = 0.006 t ng cn bng yW = 0.09 ( phn mol )
y W = 0.242 ( phn khi lng )
gi * r1 = 1567612.8
r 1 = r a * y W + ( 1 - y W ) r b
Ti y thp :
tW = 96 OC ra = 477.71 ( Kj/Kg )
rb = 2273.43 ( Kj/Kg )
( Bng I.212- S tay tp mt )
r1 = 1838.86 ( Kg/Kg )
g1' 852.49( Kg / h)

G1' 4497.35( Kg / h)
'
x1 0.062

Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng :

gtb = ( g1 + g1 )/2 = ( 1909.448 + 760.58 ) /2 = 1380.97 (
Kg/h)
Vn tc hi i trong thp :
( y * y )tb = 0.065 * [] * h * x * y (Kg/m2*s )
tb

tb

x tb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng = x = 920.73 (Kg/m3)

y tb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi = y = 0.974 ( Kg/ m3 )
h : khong cch mm ( m ), chn h = 0.3
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 28

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

[] : h s tnh n sc cng b mt
1
1
1
=
+
hh
acetone
nuoc

(acetone , nuoc tra bng I.242 nhit ty = 89.91O C- S tay tp mt )

=(

1
1
+
)
15
60.75

hh = 12.03 < 20 dyn/cm

Nn theo s tay tp hai : [] = 0.8
( y * y )tb = 0.065 * 0.8 * 0.3 * 920.73 * 0.974
= 0.853 (Kg/m2*s )
ng knh on chng :
Dchng = 0.0188 *

1380.97
= 0.756 ( m )
0.853

Chn Dchng theo tiu chun = 0.8 ( m)

Do chn Dthp = 0.8 ( m )
3. Chiu cao thp :
Chiu cao thp c xc nh theo cng thc sau :
H = Ntt * ( H + ) + ( 0.8 1.0 ) ( m )
Vi Ntt : s a thc t = 13
: chiu dy ca mm, chn = 4 ( mm ) = 0.004 ( m )
H : khong cch gia cc mm ( m ) , chn theo bng IX.4aS tay tp hai, H = 0.3 ( m )
( 0.8 1.0 ) : khong cch cho php nh v y thp
H = 13 * ( 0.3 + 0.004 ) + ( 0.8 1.0 ) = 5 ( m )

II. Tnh ton chp v ng chy chuyn

Chn ng knh ng hi dh = 47 ( mm ) = 0.047 ( m )
S chp phn b trn a :
N = 0.1 *

0.8 2
D2
=
0.1
*
= 29 ( chp )
0.047 2
d h2

( D : ng knh trong ca thp )

Chiu cao chp pha trn ng dn hi :
h2 = 0.25 * dh = 0.01175 ( m )
ng knh chp:
dch = d h2 (d h 2 * ch ) 2
ch : chiu dy chp, chn bng 2 ( mm )
dch = 47 2 (47 2 * 2) 2 = 69.39 ( mm )
Chn dch = 70 (mm)

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 29

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Khong cch t mt a n chn thp :

S = 0 25 ( mm ), chn S = 12.5 ( mm )
Chiu cao mc cht lng trn khe chp :
h1 = 15 40 ( mm ), chn h1 = 30 ( mm )
Tit din thp :
F = * D2/4 = 3.1416 * 0.82/4 =0.5062 ( m2 )
Bc ti thiu ca chp trn mm :
tmin = dch + 2*ch + l2
l2 : khang cch nh nht gia cc chp
l2 = 12.5 + 0.25*dch = 12.5 + 0.25*71 = 36.25 (mm)
chn l2 = 35 (mm)
tmin =70 + 2*2 + 35 = 109 (mm)
A. Tnh cho phn ct :
Chiu cao khe chp :
b = ( * 2y * y)/ (g * x )
: h s tr lc ca a chp = 1.5 2 , chn = 2
y = ( 4* Vy )/ ( 3600 * * d2h * n )
Vy : lu lng hi i trong thp
Vy = gtb / y = 2193.16/1.701 = 1407.83 ( m 3/h)
tb

y = ( 4* 1407.83) / ( 3600 * * 0.0472 * 29 )

= 7.772 ( m/s)
b = ( 2 * 7.7722 * 1.701 ) / ( 9.81 * 787.28 )
= 26.6 * 10-3 ( m )
Chn b = 20 ( mm ) ( 10 50 mm )
Chiu rng khe chp : a = 2 : 7 mm ; chn a = 2 ( mm )
S lng khe h ca mi chp :
i = /c * ( dch

d h2
)
4*b

c = 3 4 mm ( khong cch gia cc khe ) , chn c = 3 ( mm )

47 2
i = 3.1416/3 * ( 70 ) = 44.4 ( khe )
4 * 20

Chn i = 45 ( khe )
Gx : lu lng lng trung bnh i trong thp ( Kg/h )
1
* ( G 1 + GF )
2
1
= * (409.448 + 5144.86 )
2

Gx =

= 2777.15 ( Kg/h)
z : s ng chy chuyn , chn z = 1
c : tc cht lng trong ng chy chuyn , c = 0.1 0.2 ( m/s )
Chn c = 0.15 ( m/s )
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 30

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

x = 787.28 ( Kg/m3 )
B. Tnh cho phn chng :
Chiu cao khe chp :
b = ( * 2y * y)/ (g * x )
: h s tr lc ca a chp = 1.5 2 , chn = 2
y = ( 4* Vy )/ ( 3600 * * d2h * n )
Vy : lu lng hi i trong thp
Vy = gtb / 'y = 1380.97 / 0.984 = 1407.83 ( m3/h)
tb

y = ( 4* 1417.83) / (3600 * 3.1416 * 0.0472 * 29 )

= 7.828 ( m/s)
b = ( 2 * 7.828 * 0.974 ) / ( 9.81 * 920.73 )
= 0.0132 ( m )
Chn b = 20 ( mm ) ( 10 50 mm )
Chiu rng khe chp : a = 2 : 7 mm ; chn a = 2 ( mm )
S lng khe h ca mi chp :
i = /c * ( dch

d h2
)
4*b

c = 3 : 4 mm ( khong cch gia cc khe ) , chn c = 3 ( mm )

i = 3.1416/3 * ( 70 -

47 2
) = 44.4 ( khe )
4 * 20

Chn i= 45 ( khe )
Gx : lu lng lng trung bnh i trong thp ( Kg/h )
1
* ( G 1 + G F )
2
1
= * ( 4405.44 + 5144.86 )
2

G x =

= 4775.15 ( Kg/h)
z : s ng chy chuyn , chn z = 1
c : tc cht lng trong ng chy chuyn , c = 0.1 0.2 ( m/s )
Chn c = 0.15 ( m/s )
x = 920.73 ( Kg/m3 )
l1 : khong cch nh nht gia chp v ng chy chuyn
Chn l1 = 75 ( mm )
c : b dy ng chy chuyn, chn c = 2 ( mm )
Chiu cao lp cht lng trn mm :
hm = h1 + ( S + hsr + b )
= 30 + 12.5 + 5 + 20
= 67.5 (mm)
hsr : khong cch t mp di ca chp n mp di ca khe chp
chn hsr = 5 mm
Tit din ng hi :
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 31

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Srj = S1= * d h2,t /4 = 3.1416*0.0472 /4 = 0.001735 m2

Tit din hnh vnh khn :
Saj = S2 = *( d2ch,t - d2h,n )/4 = 3.1416*(0.072 - 0.0512)
= 0.001805 (m2 )
Tng din tch cc khe chp :
S3 = i.a.b = 45*0.002*0.02 =0.0018 m 2
Tit din l m trn ng hi :
S4 = .dhi.h2 = 3.1416 * 0.047*0.01175
= 0.001735 m2
Nn ta c S1 S2 S3 S4 ( hp l )
L tho lng :
Tit din ct ngang ca thp F = 0.5026 m2
C 1 m2 chn 4 cm2 l tho lng . Do tng din tch l tho lng
trn mt mm l:0.5026 *4 /1 = 2.0104 cm 2
Chn ng knh l tho lng l 5mm = 0.5cm
Nn s l tho lng cn thit trn mt mm l :
2.0104
10 l
*d2
4

** Kim tra khong cch gia cc mm :

2
y F * y
hmin = 23300* *

x n * * d ch ,t
y , x : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi, pha lng
y = ('y+ "y)/2 = 1.3375 ( Kg/m 3)
x = ('x+ "x)/2 = 854.005 (Kg/m 3)
y : vn tc hi trung bnh i trong thp
'
*
y * y tb

y
y tb

y'
"y
y =
2

= 0.7441 (m/s)

hmin = 23300*

1.3775 0.5026 * 0.7441

*
= 0.12 (m) < 0.3 (m)
854.005 29 * * 0.071

Vy khong cch gia hai mm l 0.3 m l hp l.

m l chp hs :
y
hs = 7.55*
x y

1/ 3

2/ 3 V
* H s * G
Ss

2/3

Hs = hso = b = 20 (mm)
VG = ( Vy + V'y) /2 = 0.3924 (m3/s)
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 32

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Ss = n * S3= 29*0.0018 = 0.0522 (m 2)

1/ 3

1.3375

2 / 3 0.3924
hs = 7.55*
* 20 *

854.005 1.3375
0.0522
h
Nn ta c s 1.24 1 : kh hp l
hso

2/3

= 24.805 (mm)

Chiu cao mc cht lng trn g chy trn :

Q
hwo = 2.84 * K* L
Lw

2/3

Vi K : h s hiu chnh cho g chy trn , ph thuc vo 2 gi tr :

Q

4.772

x = 0.226* 2.5L 0.226*

6.685
2.5
0.48
Lw
Trong :
QL :lu lng pha lng trung bnh trong thp c tnh nh
sau :
+ Lu lng cht lng trong phn ct ca thp :
GD * Rx * M m'
D * Rx * M m'
1500* 0.92 * 47.648
Q

0.00042( m3 / s)
'
3600* M D * x 3600 *55.52* 787.28 3600 *55.52 *787.28
'
L

+ Lu lng cht lng trong phn chng ca thp :

QL" (

GD * Rx GF
M m"
D * Rx
F
M m"

)*

)
*
MD
M F 3600 * x"
MD
M F 3600* x"

1500 * 0.92 5144.86

29.016
(

)*
0.00220( m3 / s)
55.52
22.68
3600 *920.73

+ Lu lng cht lng trung bnh trong thp :

QL = ( Q'L + Q"L) /2 = 0.0013 ( m3/s)
= 4.772 ( m3/h)
Lw : chiu di g chy trn = 0.6*D = 0.48 (m)
Lw
0.6
D

Tra th hnh IX22 trang 186 S tay tp hai, c K = 1.12

4.722
Do how = 2.84 * 1.12 *

0.48

2/3

14.60(mm)

Gradient chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm :

= Cg * ' *nh
-Chiu rng trung bnh ca mm Bm :
+ Chiu rng ca ng chy chuyn : dw = 0.08* D= 0.064 (m)
+ Din tch ca ng chy chuyn Sd = 0.04*F = 0.02 (m2)
Khong cch gia hai g chy trn l = D - 2.dw= D ( 1 2*0.08)=0.84D

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 33

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

+ Din tch gia hai g chy trn :

A = F - 2*Sd = F(1 -2*0.04 ) = 0.92F
Chiu rng trung bnh : Bm =
-

A 0.92 * F

0.86 D = 0.688(m)
l 0.84* D

H s iu chnh tc pha kh Cg ph thuc hai gi tr :

+ x = 1.34 *

QL
4.722
1.34*
9.197
Bm
0.688

+ 0.82* v* G = 0.82*0.7806*1.3375 = 0.74

Vi v=

4 *VG
4 * 0.3924

0.7806( m / s)
2
*D
3.1416 *0.82

Tra th hnh 5.10 trang 80 Tp 3 (K thut phn ring ) c

Cg = 0.71
- Gi tr 4* ' tra t hnh 5.14a trang 81 Tp 3 vi:
x = 9.179
hsc = 12.5
hm = 67.5
c 4. ' = 6.5 hay ' = 6.5/4 = 1.625
- S hng chp nh = 5
Khi = 0.71 * 1.625 * 5 = 5.77 (mm)
o Chiu cao g chy trn hw :
Do hm = hw + how + 0.5 =
Suy ra hw = hm - how - 0.5* = 67.5 - 14.6 - 0.5*5.77 = 50.015 (mm)
o Kim tra s n nh ca mm :
< 0.5 ( hfv + hs )
gim p do ma st v bin i vn tc pha kh thi qua
chp khi khng c cht lng, hfv :
2
y
VG
hfv =274* E *
*
x y Sr
Saj/Srj 1 , nn theo hnh 5.16 trang 83 Tp 3 c E= 0.65
Sr = n*Srj = 29*0.001735 = 0.050837 (m 2)
2

1.3375

0.3924
Nn hfv = 274* 0.65 *
*
= 16.645(mm)
850.01 1.3375 0.050837

Do 0.5*(hfv + hs ) = 0.5 * (16.645 + 24.805 ) = 20.725 > ( = 5.77

)
Vy mm n nh .
gim p ca pha kh qua mt mm ht :
- Chiu cao thy tnh lp cht lng trn l chp g chy trn hss :
hss = hw - (hsc + hsr + Hs )
= 50.015 - ( 12.5 + 5 +20 )
= 12.915 (mm)

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 34

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

- gim p ca pha kh qua mt mm :

ht = hfv + hs + hss + how + 0.5*
= 16.645 + 24.805 + 12.515 + 15.71 + 0.5*5.77 = 72.56 (mm)
Chiu cao lp cht lng khng bt trn ng chy chuyn :
hd = hw + how + + h'd +ht
- Tn tht thy lc do dng lng chy t ng chy chuyn vo
mm h'dc xc nh theo biu thc sau :
2

QL
h'd = 0.128*
, mmcht lng
100* Sd

Khong cch gia hai g chy trn l = 0.84D = 0.84*800 =672

<1500 nn khong cch gia mp trn ca g chy trn v mp di
ca ng chy chuyn c chn l 12.5 mm
Do khong cch gia mp di ng chy chuyn v mm :
S1 = 50.015 - 12.5 = 37.515 (mm)=0.0375 (m)
Nn tit din gia ng chy chuyn v mm di :
Sd = 0.0375*Lw = 0.0375*0.48 = 0.018 ( m 2)

4.722

V h'd = 0.128 *
= 0.88
100 * 0.018
Ta tnh c hd = 50.015 + 14.6 + 5.77 + 0.88 + 74.955 =
147.10(mm)
** Chiu cao hd dng kim tra mm : m bo iu kin thp
khng b ngp lt khi hot ng, ta c :
hd = 147.10 < 0.5 H = 150
Cht lng chy vo ng chy chuyn tc :
dtw = 0.8* how * ho
+ Khong cch ri t do trong ng chy chuyn :
ho = H + hw - hd = 300 +50.015 -147.1 = 202.91 mm
+ how = 14.60(mm)
Suy ra dtw = 0.8* 14.60 * 202.9 43.54 (mm)
- i lng ny kim tra cht lng chy vo thp c u khng
v cht lng khng va p vo thnh : t s

dtw
0.6
dw

43.54/64 = 0.68 0.6

gim p tng cng ca pha hi gia thp :
Ht = Nt * ht = 13*74.955*10-3 =0.9744 mcht lng
Vy ng tr lc ton thp :
P = *g*Ht = 854.01 * 9.81*0.9744 = 8163.49 N/m 2 = 0.102
at
III. Tnh chi tit ng dn
1. ng knh ng dn hi vo thit b ngng t :

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 35

O AN MON HOC

d=

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

4 * Qy

*v
Qy : lu lng hi i ra khi nh thp ( m3/s)
Gy
2880
Qy =
=
= 0.470 ( m3/s)
3600 * y
3600 *1.701

v : vn tc hi i qua ng, chn v = 30 ( m/s )

d1 =

4*0.470
= 0.141 ( m ) = 141 ( mm )
3.1416*30

Chn d1 = 150 ( mm )
Theo s tay tp hai Bng XIII-32 trang 434 , chn l1 = 130 ( mm ) (
chiu di on ni ng )
2. ng dn dng chy hon lu :
d=

4*Q

*v
Lng hon lu G = GD * R = 1500 * 0.92 = 1380 ( Kg/h)

Q=

G
1380
=
= 4.869 * 10-4 ( m3 /h )
3600 * 787.28
3600 * x

(x : khi lng ring pha lng trong on ct = x = 787.28 Kg/m3 )

Chn v = 0.6 ( m/s )
d2 =

4 * 4.869 *104
= 0.035 ( m ) = 35 ( mm )
3.1416 *0.5

Chn d2 = 40
Theo s tay tp hai Bng XIII-32 trang 434 , chn l2 = 100 ( mm )
3. ng dn dng nhp liu :
d=

4*Q

*v
GF
5144.86
Q=
=
3600 * F
3600 * F
O
tF = 68.5 C ( bng I.2 S tay tp mt ) acetone = 734.52 ( Kg/m3)
nc = 978.32 ( Kg/m3)
F = 0.117 * 734.52 + ( 1 0.117 ) * 978.32
= 949.80 ( Kg/m3)
Q = 1.505 * 10-3 ( m3/s )
Chn v = 0.5 ( m/s )
4 *1.505*103
d3 =
= 0.062 ( m ) = 62 ( mm )
3.1416 * 0.5
Chn d3 = 80 ( mm )
l3 = 110 ( mm )
4. ng dn dng sn phm y :
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 36

O AN MON HOC

d=

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

4*Q

*v
GW
3644.86
Q=
=
3600 * W
3600 * W
O
tW = 96 C ( bng I.2 S tay tp mt ) acetone = 698.2 ( Kg/m3)
nc = 960.8 ( Kg/m3)
W = 0.006*698.2 + (1 0.006 ) * 960.8
= 959.22 ( Kg/m3)
Q = 1.056 * 10-3 ( m3/s )
Chn v = 1.0 ( m/s )
4 *1.056*10 3
d4 =
= 0.0366 ( m ) = 36.6 ( mm )
3.1416*1.0
Chn d3 = 40 ( mm )
l3 = 100 ( mm )
5. ng dn t ni un qua thp :
4*Q
d=
*v
GW
3644.86
Q=
=
= 1.039 ( m3/s )
"
3600 * 0.974
3600 * y

Chn v = 35 ( m/s )
d5 =

4*1.039
= 0.194 ( m ) = 194 ( mm )
3.1416*35

Chn d5 = 200 ( mm )
l5 = 130 ( mm )
IV. Tnh tr lc thp
Tr lc thp chp c xc nh theo cng thc :
P = Ntt * P ( N/m2)
Ntt : s mm thc ca thp
P : tng tr lc qua mt mm
phn chng v phn ct, tr lc qua cc a khng ng u . Do
chnh xc , tr lc s c tnh ring cho tng phn .
A. Tng tr lc phn ct :
Tng tr lc qua mt da :
P = Pk + Ps +Pt
1. Tr lc a kh Pk :
Pk = * y* 20 ( N/m2)
: h s tr lc a kh, = 4.5 : 5 , chn = 5
y = y = 1.701 ( Kg/m3)
o : vn tc hi qua rnh chp ( m/s )
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 37

O AN MON HOC

o =

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

V y'
n *i * a *b

Vy : lu lng pha hi trung bnh i trong phn ct

Vy = 1407.83 (m3/h) = 0.3911 (m3/s)
O =

0.3911
= 7.492 (m/s)
29 * 45 * 0.002 * 0.02

Pk = 5*1.701* 7.4922 /2 = 238.67 ( N/m2)

2. Tr lc do sc cng b mt :
4 *
Ps =
d td

: sc cng b mt trung bnh ca hn hp

tx = 60.25 OC acetone = 18.6*10-3 (N/m)
nc = 66.2*10-3 (N/m)
( Tra bng I-242 S tay tp mt )
1
1
1
=
+
hh acetone nuoc

hh = 14.52*10-3 (N/m)
dtd : ng knh tng ng ca khe rnh :
dtd =

4. f x
4.a.b
=
H
2.(a b)

fx : din tch tit din t do ca rnh

H : chu vi rnh
dtd = 4.2.20 / 2(2+20) = 3.64 ( mm ) = 3.64*10-3 (m)
Ps = 4. / dtd = 4*14.52 10-3 / ( 3.6410-3 ) = 15.972 ( N/m2)
3. Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a ( Tr lc thy tnh Pt )
Pt = b.g.( hb hr /2) (N/m2)
b : khi lng ring ca bt, thng b = ( 0.4 0.6 ). x
Chn b = 0.5*x = 0.5*787.28 ( Kg/m3) = 393.64 ( Kg/m3)
hr : chiu cao ca khe chp (m), hr = b = 20 (mm) = 0.02 (m)
hb : chiu cao lp bt trn a (m)
(h hx ).(F f ). x hx . b . f (hch hx ). f . b
hb = c
F . b
hc : chiu cao on ng chy chuyn nh ln trn a
hc = 50.015 (mm) = 0.05 (m)
hx : chiu cao lp cht lng ( khng ln bt ) trn a
hx = S + 0.5*b = 0.0125 + 0.5* 0.02 = 0.0225 (m) = 22.5 (mm)
F : phn din tch b mt a c gn chp ( ngha l tr hai phn
din tch a b tr ng chy chuyn )
Fo = F 2*Sd = 0.92 * F = 0.4624 (m2)
f : tng din tch cc chp trn a
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 38

O AN MON HOC

hch
hb =

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

f = 0.785* dch2 *n
= 0.785 * (70/100)2*29 = 0.115 (m2)
: chiu cao ca chp
hch = hc + = 0.05 + 0.0157 = 0.0657 (m)

(0.05 0.0157 0.0225) * (0.4624 0.115) * 787.28 * 0.0225 * 393.64 * 0.115

0.4624 * 393.64
(0.0657 0.0225) * 0.115 * 393.64
+
0.4624 * 393.64

= 0.0786 (m) = 78.6 (mm)

Pt = 393.64 * 9.81 * ( 0.0786 0.02/2 ) = 275.14 (N/m2)
o Tng tr lc qua mt a :
P = Pk + Ps +Pt
= 238.67 + 15.972 + 275.14 = 529.79 (N/m2)
o Tng tr lc phn ct:
Pct = Ntt.ct * P.ct = 10* 529.79 = 2 (N/m2)
B. Tng tr lc phn chng :
Tng tr lc qua mt da :
P = Pk + Ps +Pt
1. Tr lc a kh Pk :
Pk = * y* 20 ( N/m2)
: h s tr lc a kh, = 4.5 5 , chn = 5
y = y = 0.974 ( Kg/m3)
o : vn tc hi qua rnh chp ( m/s )
o =

V y"
n *i * a *b

V y : lu lng pha hi trung bnh i trong phn chng :

Vy =1417.83 (m3/h)
= 0.3938 (m3/s)
O =

0.3938
= 7.545 (m/s)
29 * 45 * 0.002 * 0.02

Pk = 5* 0.974 * 7.5452 /2 = 138.61 ( N/m2)

2. Tr lc do sc cng b mt :
4 *
Ps =
d td

: sc cng b mt trung bnh ca hn hp

tx = 73.75 OC acetone = 16.95*10-3 (N/m)
nc = 63.72*10-3 (N/m)
( Tra bng I-242 S tay tp mt )
1
1
1
=
+
hh acetone nuoc

hh = 13.39*10-3 (N/m)
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

dtd : ng knh tng ng ca khe rnh :

dtd =

4. f x
4.a.b
=
H
2.(a b)

fx : din tch tit din t do ca rnh

H : chu vi rnh
dtd = 4.2.20 / 2(2+20) = 3.64 ( mm ) = 3.64*10-3 (m)
Ps = 4. / dtd = 4*13.39* 10-3 / ( 3.6410-3 ) = 14.71 ( N/m2)
3. Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a ( Tr lc thy tnh Pt )
Pt = b.g.( hb hr /2) (N/m2)
b : khi lng ring ca bt, thng b = ( 0.4 0.6 ). x
Chn b = 0.5*x = 0.5* 920.73 ( Kg/m 3) = 460.365 ( Kg/m 3)
hr
: chiu cao ca khe chp (m), hr = b = 20 (mm) = 0.02 (m)
hb : chiu cao lp bt trn a (m)
(h hx ).(F f ). x hx . b . f (hch hx ). f . b
hb = c
F . b

: chiu cao ca cht lng trn ng chy chuyn = h = 15.71

(mm)
= 0.0157 (m)
hc : chiu cao on ng chy chuyn nh ln trn a
hc = 50.015 (mm) = 0.05(m)
hx : chiu cao lp cht lng ( khng ln bt ) trn a
hx = S + 0.5*b = 0.0125 + 0.5* 0.02 = 0.0225 (m) = 22.5 (mm)
F
: phn din tch b mt a c gn chp ( ngha l tr hai phn
din
tch a b tr ng chy chuyn )
Fo = F 2*Sd = 0.92 * F = 0.4624 (m2)
b = 393.64 (Kg/m3)
f
: tng din tch cc chp trn a
f = 0.785* dch2 *n
= 0.785 * (70/100)2* 29 = 0.115 (m2)
hch : chiu cao ca chp
hch = hc + = 0.05 + 0.0157 = 0.0657 (m)
hb =

(0.05 0.0157 0.0225) * (0.4624 0.115) * 920.73* 0.0225* 460.365* 0.115

0.4624* 460.365
(0.0657 0.0225) * 0.115* 460.365
+
0.4624* 460.365

= 0.08125 (m) = 81.25 (mm)

Pt = 460.365 * 9.81 * ( 0.08125 0.02/2 ) = 321.78 (N/m 2)
o Tng tr lc qua mt a :
P = Pk + Ps +Pt
= 138.61 + 8.03 + 321.78 = 4576.11 (N/m2)

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

o Tng tr lc phn chng :

Pchng = Ntt.chng * P.chng = 3*457.11 = 1425.32 (N/m 2)
Tng tr lc ca thp P :
P = Pct + Pchng
= 5297.9 + 1425.32 = 6723.22 (N/m 2) = 0.068 (at)
** Kim tra li khong cch mm h = 0.3 m m bo iu kin hot
ng bnh thng ca thp :

h > 1.8*

Pd
x .g

V P-ct > P-chng nn ta ly P-ct kim tra :

1.8*

529.79
=0 0.106 < 0.3 tha
920.73*9.81

Vy chn h= 0.3 l hp l .

CHNG 4

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 41

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

TNH TON C KH

1. Tnh b dy thn tr ca thp

Thn ca thp c ch to bng phng php hn h quang. Thn
thp c ghp t nhiu on bng mi ghp bch.
Tra bng IX.5 ta chn vi ng knh trong ca thp D = 800(mm),
khong cch gia cc a H =300 (mm), chn khong cch gia hai mt
ni bch 1200(mm), s a gia hai mt bch n = 4
Chn vt liu lm thn l thp khng g X18H10T. nhit lm vic
t = 0C .
Tc n mn ca thp 0.1 mm/nm .
Da vo bng XII.4 v bng XII.7 ( Tnh cht vt l ca kim loi en v
hp kim ca chng ), cc thng s c trng ca X18H10T ( vi chiu dy
tm thp 4 25 mm):

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Gii hn bn ko : k = 550.106 N/m2

Gii hn bn chy : ch = 550.106 N/m2
H sdn khi ko nhit 20 100 0C l 16.6*10-6 1/0C
Khi lng ring = 7.9*103 ( Kg/m3)
H s an ton bn ko : nk = 2.6
H s an ton bn chy : nch = 2.6
Nhit nng chy : t = 1400 0C
M un n hi : E = 2.1*105 N/mm2
H s Poatxng = 0.33
iu kin lm vic ca thp chng ct :
Ap sut bn trong thp ( tnh ti y thp ) vi mi trng lm vic lng
-kh:
P = Ph + PL + P
Ap sut hi trong thp : Ph = 1 at = 9.81*104 ( N/m2)
Ap sut thy tnh ca ct cht lng :PL = L . g .H
L = 854.01 (Kg/m3)
H= 1.1 H0 = 4.347 (m) ( C k n ct cht lng y, np )
PL = 854.01 *9.81 * 4.347 = 3.6420 *10 4 (N/m2)
Tng tr lc ca thp : P = 7780.45 ( N/m2)
Do p sut ti y thp : P = 1.423 * 105 (N/m2) < 0.25*106 (
N/m2)
Theo bng XIII.8 : gi tr bn hn ca thn hnh tr, hn h quang in,
Dt = 800 (mm), thp hp kim h = 0.95
Do trn thn c khot l nn h s bn ca thnh hnh tr theo phng
dc c tnh theo cng thc :
h.

H0 d
5 6*0.24
0.95*(
) 0.68
H0
5

(Xem tng ng 6 l quan st ng knh = 240(mm), cha tnh

n mt s l ni ng dn hi)
ng sut cho php [k] ca vt liu c tnh :

550.106
[k] = k .
.0.95 200.95*106 ( N / m 2 )
nk

2.6

ch
220.106
.
*0.95 139.33*10 6 ( N / m 2 )
nch
1.5
Chn []= Min ( [k], [ch]) = 139.33 *106 ( N/m2)
B dy thp c tnh theo cng thc :
P.Dt
S=
2[ ]. P
[ ]. 139.33 *10 6 * 0.68
Do

=665.80 > 25 nn :
P
1.423 *10 5

[ch] =

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 43

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

P.Dt
1.423 * 10 5 * 0.8
S=
=
= 6.01*10-4( m)
6
2[ ].
2 * 139.33 *10 * 0.68

= 0.601 (mm)
B dy thc t ca thn thp :
S = S + C
Trong C = Ca + Cb + Co
Chn thit b lm vic trong 15 nm : H s b sung do n mn :
Ca = 15*0.1 = 1.5 (mm)
H s b sung do bo mn c hc ca mi trng Cb = 0
H s b sung do sai lch khi ch to v lp rp : C0 = 0.4 (mm)
H s quy trn bng 1.499 (mm)
Do C = 1.5 + 0.4 + 1.499 = 3.399(mm)
Khi S = S +C = 4 (mm)
Kim tra b dy ca thn :
- Kim tra iu kin :
S Ca
0.1
D
( tha )
4 1. 5
0.003 0.1
800

Kim tra p sut tnh ton bn trong thit b :

2.[ ]. .(S C a ) 2 *139.33 * 10 6 * 0.68 * (4 1.5)
[P] =

5.90 * 10 5 ( N / m 2 )
D (S Ca )

800 (4 1.5)

Nh vy [P] > P (hp l)

Nn chiu dy ca thn S = 4(mm)
2. Tnh - chn b dy y v np thit b
y v np cng l mt b phn quan trng thng c ch to cng
loi vt liu vi thn thit b . S dng thp khng g X18H10T .
- Chn loi y np hnh elip c g
- Tnh b dy y v np ging nhau :
Cc thng s y v np :
y- np elip c :
ht
0.25
Dt

ht = 0.25 * Dt = 0.25 * 0.8 = 0.2 (m) = 200(mm)

Chn chiu cao g h = 25 (mm)
Nn din tch b mt trong 0.76(m2 ) tra bng XIII.10 trang 382 S
tay tp 2

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 44

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

h = 200

25

D = 800

Bn knh cong bn trong y- np thp : Rt =Dt = 800(mm)

Chiu dy y v np elip ca thit b chu p sut trong :
S =

Dt .P
D
* t
3.8 * [ k ].k . h P 2.hb

H s khng th nguyn :
k=1-

d
0. 2
= 1= 0.75
0.8
Dt

( ng knh l np : d = 0.2 m)
Do :
S =

0.8 * 1.423 * 10 5
0.8
*
6
5
3.8 * 200.95 * 10 * 0.75 * 0.95 1.423 *10 2 * 0.2

= 0.419*10-3 (m) = 0.419 (mm)

C = Ca + Cb + C0 = 1.5 + 0.4 + 0 +C0 + 2 = 4.581 (mm)
( i vi y np dp th i lng b sung tng thm 2 mm
khi S < 10 mm Theo s tay tp 2 )
Kim tra p sut d cho php tnh ton :
. B dy y np cn tha biu thc sau :
S Ca
0.125
Dt
5 1.5
0.0041 0.125 (tha)
800

. Do p sut d cho php tnh theo cng thc :

2.[ ]. .(S C a ) 2 * 200.96 * 10 6 * 0.95 * (5 1.5)
[P] =

1.66 *106 5 ( N / m 2 )
Rt .(S C a )
800 (54 1.5)
P = 1.423*105 (N/mm2) (tha)
Vy b dy y np thit b l 5 (mm)
3. Chn bch v vng m
a. Bch v m ni v bt kn thit b :
Mt bch l b phn dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh ni cc
b phn khc vi thit b .
Chn loi bch lin khng c bng thp CT3 .

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 45

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Bng XIII-27 trang 417 S tay tp hai . Cho cc kiu bch lin bng
thp CT3 (Kiu I )vi thit b y np nh sau :
ng knh bn trong ca thit b
Dt = 800 (mm)
ng knh bn ngoi ca thit b Dn = 808 (mm)
ng knh tm bu lng
Db = 880 (mm)
ng knh mp vt
D1 = 850 (mm)
ng knh bch
D = 930 (mm)
Chiu cao b1ch
h = 22 (mm)
ng knh bu lng
db = M20 (mm)
S bu lng
z = 24 (ci)
Theo bng XIII-31 _ Tng ng vi bng XIII-27 : kch thc b mt
m bt kn :
Dt = 800 (mm)
H = h = 22 (mm)
D1 = 850 (mm)
D2 = 847 (mm)
D4 = 827 (mm)
V do Dt < 1000 (mm) nn D3 = D2 +1 = 848(mm)
D5 = D4 1 = 826 (mm)

b. Bch ni cc ng dn ( Bng XIII-26 trang 409 S tay tp hai )

Chn vt liu l thp CT3 , chn kiu 1
Ta c bng sau :
STT Loi
Dy
Kch thc ni
h
ng
(mm) Dw
(mm)
D
Db
D1
Bulng
dn
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) db
z
(mm) (con)
1
Vo TBNT 150
159
260
225
202
M16 8
16
2
Hon lu
40
45
130
100
80
M12 4
12
3
Nhp liu
80
89
185
150
128
M16 4
14
4
Dngspy 40
45
130
100
80
M12 4
12
5
Hivoy 200
219
290
255
232
M16 8
16
Theo bng XIII.30 tng ng vi bng XIII-26 : kch thc b mt m
bt kn :
D1 tra theo bng XIII-26 .
z : s rnh
Ta c bng sau :
STT D
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
b
b1
z
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (rnh)

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 46

l
(mm)

130
100
110
100
130

f
(mm)

O AN MON HOC

1
2
3
4
5

150
40
80
40
200

202
80
128
80
232

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

191
69
115
69
249

192
70
116
70
250

171
55
101
55
229

170
54
100
54
228

5
4
5
5
5

11
1
1
1
1

3
2
3
3
3

4. Tnh mm
Chn b dy mm bng b dy thn S = 4 (mm) v vt liu l thp
X18H10T
Chiu cao mc cht lng ln nht trn mm khi mm b ngp lt :
hd
= 145.49 (mm)
Pl = l .g . hd = 854.01 * 9.81 * 0.1455 = 1218.98 (N/mm 2 )
Nu mm khng c l :
3(3 )
3(3 0.33)
6
2
max =
* P * R 2t
*1218.98 * 0.4 2 = 15.222*10 (N/mm )
2
2
8.S

8 * 0.004

= 0.33 : h s Poat xng

gim sc bn do cc l trn mm gy ra th hin bng h s hiu
chnh: b
b =

t d h 194 47

0.758
t
194

dh : ng knh ng hi bng 47 (mm)

t : ( hnh v chp ) = 2*112*cos30 = 194
. ng sut cc i ca mm c c l :
max 15.222 * 10 6
max =
= 20.1 *106 (N/mm2 )

b
0.758
< [] = 139.33(N/mm2 )
Vy b dy mm l 4 (mm)
5. Chn v tai treo thit b
a. Tnh s b khi lng thp :
Khi lng np bng khi lng y ( Gi s ng ng dn vo np
v y gn nh nhau ) ;
Vi np y elip c Dt = 800(mm), chiu dy S = 5(mm), chiu cao g
h = 25 (mm) .Tra bng XIII.11 trang 384 S tay tp hai , ta c
Gnp = Gy = 1.01*30.2 (Kg) = 30.504 (Kg)
Gnp y = 2*30.502 = 61 (Kg)
Khi lng mm :
ng knh trong ca thp
Dt = 0.8 (m)
B dy mm
m = 0.004(m)
ng knh ng hi
dh = 0.047 (m)
S ng hi
n = 29 (ng )
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 47

4.5
4
4
4
4.5

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Din tch ng chy chuyn hnh vin phn Sd = 0.04*F

S ng chy chuyn trn mi mm
z=1
S mm
Nt = 13 mm
2
Mm = Nt .(F z.Sd n..d h/4) * *
=
13
(
0.5026*1

0.04*0.5026
2
3
3
29**0.047 /4)*0.004*7.93*10 (Kg/m )
= 177.514 (Kg)
Khi lng chp trn mm ca ton thp :
Mchp = Nt *n *( * d2ch* hch *ch * + *d2ch*ch i * ch b*a )7.9*103
=
13*29
(3.1416*0.070*0.0567*0.002
2
3.1416*0.07 *0.002/4 - 45* 0.002*0.02*0.002 )*7.0*10 3
= 98.26 (Kg)

Khi lng mm :
M mm = * D* Hthn * thn *
= 3.1416* 0.8 (5 2( 0.2 + 0.025) 0.130) 0.004*7.9*103
= 351.03(Kg)
Khi lng ng hi :
Mng hi = *dh*hhi * h *n * Ntt *
= 3.1416*0.047*0.054*0.002*29*13*7.9*10 3
= 47.49(Kg)
Vi hh = hchp h2 - chp +hi
= 0.0657 0.01175 +2 2 = 0.054 (m)
v h2 : chiu cao chp pha trn ng hi
Khi lng mng chy chuyn :
Mm = lw*hcc*cc **Nt
hcc = h S1 + hw +mm
= 0.3 0.0375 + 0.05 + 0.004 = 0.316 (m)
Mmm = 0.48*0.3165*0.002*0.004 * 7.9*103 = 31.20( Kg)
Khi lng bch ni thn :
ng knh bn ngoi ca thp Dn = 0.808 (m)
ng knh mt bch ca thn
Db = 0.930(m)
Chiu cao bch
h = 0.022(m)
Chia thp lm 4 on , nn s mt bch l 8
CT3 = 7.85*103 (Kg/m3)
Mbch = 0.785*(0.932 0.8082)*8*0.0222*7.85*103 = 229.96
(Kg)
Khi lng bch ni cc ng dn :
Mb = 0.785* [(0.262 0.152)*0.016 + 2*(0.132 0.042)*0.012 +
(0.1852
0.082)*0.016 + ( 0.292 0.22* 0.016
]*7.85*103

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 48

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

= 12.56 (Kg)
Khi lng dung dch trong thp ( xem Vdung dch = 0.85 Vthp )
Mdd = 0.85 ( * D2t Ho/4 + Vy ) * xtb
= 0.85*( 3.1416*0.82 *5/4 + 2*79.6*10-3 )*854.005
= 1939.96(Kg)
Vy tng khi lng ca ton thp :
Mthp = 2949(Kg)
b. Chn tai treo :
Chn vt liu lm tai treo l thp CT3 . Tm lt l vt liu lm thn:
[CT3]= 130 *106( N/m2)
Chn s tai treo : n = 4
Ti trng ln mt tai treo ( 4 tai treo v 4 chn ):

Q0 =

Q 2949 * 9.81
=
= 0.413*104 ( N)
8
8

Chn ti trng cho php ln mt tai treo l 0.5 *104 N

Theo bng XIII.36 S tay tp hai : tai treo thit b thng ng .
B mt F = 72.5*104(m2)
Kch thc tai treo : cho bng sau :
Khi
Titrng
L
B
B1
H
S
l
a
d
lng chophp
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
taitreo lnbmt
(Kg)
q.106(N/m2)
1.23
0,69
100
75
85
155
6
40
15
18

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 49

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

40

15

155

15

18
20

75

BOPHA
N TAI TREO
c. Chn chn :
Chn vt liu lm tai treo l thp CT3 .Ti trng cho php ln mt chn
:0.5*104 N
Theo bng XIII.35 S tay tp hai. Chn thp i vi thit b thng ng
:
Bmt Titrngcho
L
B
B1 B2 H
h
S l
d
-4 2
F.10 m
phplnbmt
q.106(N/m2)
172
0.29
160 110 135 195 240 145 10 55 23

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 50

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Truc thie
t b
195

135

10

10

145

236

10

55
280
10

160

23
110

BOPHA
N CHA
N
6. Tnh bo n
Vi vn tc hi trung bnh trong c 2 phn ca thp : chng v ct :
y = 0.7441 < 10 (m/s) v mng nc ngng chuyn ng dng, h
s cp nhit trong thp :
r. 2 .g .3
= 1.15*
( W/m2.)
.t.H
Nhit ngng t ( n nhit ha hi ) ca hi trong thp:
( nhit cao nht t = tw = 960C)
r = racetone * x acetone + rnc * r nuoc
Thnh phn khi lng tnh gi tr trung bnh ca thp v nh thp :
x acetone

0.98 0.02
0.5 (phn trm khi lng)
2

x acetone = 0.273 ( phn mol)

.Chn nhit ngng tnh l nhit cao nht trong thp
tngng = 96 0C
racetone = 114.1 (Kcal /Kg)
rnc = 543 (Kcal /Kg)
Do r = 0.5*114.1 + 0.5*543 = 328.55 (Kcal/Kg)

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 51

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

xc nh cng nhit khi cha c lp cch nhit, chn nhit

tng bn trong thp l tw1 = 80 0C .
T cng thc trn :
328.55 * 9.81 * 2 * 3 * 4186.8
2 * 3
= 1.15 * 4
(W/m2.)
46.61 * 4
5 * * t
* t
3
2
Cc gi tr (Kg/m ), (W/m.), ( Ns/m ) tra nhit trung bng
ca mng :
Tm =

t ng t w1

96 80
88 0C
2

Mhh = xacetone * 58 + ( 1-xacetone)*18 = 27.48 (Kg/Kmol)

hh =

1
x acetone x nuoc

acetone nuoc

1
0. 5
0.5

708.6 966.4

817.66 ( Kg/Kmol)

= arclog ( xacetone * log acetone + (1- xacetone )log nuoc )

= arclog ( 0.273* log 0.188 + ( 1- 0.273 )*log 0.328)*10-3
= 0.287*10-3 (Ns/m2)
Cphh = 0.5 * Cacetone + ( 1- 0.5) * Cnc
= 0.5 * 2396 + 0.5* 4206 = 3301 ( J/Kg.)

hh = 3.58*10-8 *Chh * hh * 3 hh (W/m2.)

M hh

= 3.58*10-8 * 3301*817.66 * 3

817.66
27.48

= 0.311 ( Kcal/W.h.0C )
t1 = tng tw1 = 96 80 = 16 0C
817.66 2 * 0.3113
= 46.61*
2132.24 ( W/m2.)
3
0.287 *10 * 16

. qng = ng * t1 = 2132.24*16= 35115.78 (Kcal/m2.h)

Tng nhit tr ca thnh ng v lp cn :

rw = rcn1 + w rcn2
w
Cng nhit trung bnh :
qtb =

q ng q kk
2

12878.36 2144.11
7511.23 (Kcal/m2.h.)
2

Sai s gia qtb v qng :

12878.36 7511.3
0.42 42% 5% . Do ta phi tnh lp.
12878.36

o Tnh lp ln 1 :
Chn t1 = 6 0C tw1 = 90 0C

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

tm = 93 0C
hh = 812.97 (Kg/m3)
= 0.272 *10-3 ( Ns/m2)
Cphh = 3314.12 ( J/Kg. 0C)
hh = 0.309 9 ( Kcal/m.h.0C)

t1 = 6 0C
ng = 2738.83 ( Kcal/m2.h.)
qng = 16432.96 ( Kcal/m2.h)
tw = 13.61 ( 0C )
tw2 = 82.4 ( 0C )
t2 = 53.4 ( 0C)
qkk = 1976.2 ( Kcal/m2.h)
qtb = 9204.56 (( Kcal/m2.h)
Sai s gia qtb v qng = 0.44 > 0.05 . Do ta phi tnh lp
ln 2.
o Tnh lp ln 2 :
Chn t1 =4 0C tw1 = 92 0C
tm = 94 0C
hh = 810.95 (Kg/m3)
= 0.269 *10-3 ( Ns/m2)
Cphh = 3316.75 ( J/Kg. 0C)
hh = 0.308 ( Kcal/m.h.0C)

t1 = 4 0C
ng = 2737.89 ( Kcal/m2.h.)
qng = 10951.56 ( Kcal/m2.h)
tw = 9.068 ( 0C )
tw2 = 86.93 ( 0C )
t2 = 57.93 ( 0C)
qkk = 2187.93 ( Kcal/m2.h)
qtb = 6569.74 (( Kcal/m2.h)
Sai s gia qtb v qng = 0.4 > 0.05 . Do ta phi tnh lp ln
3:
o Tnh lp ln 3 :
V th qua qkk v qng xc nh c tw1 = 95.5 0C

t1 = 96 96.5 = 0.5 0C
tm = 95.75 0C
hh = 809.27 (Kg/m3)
= 0.265 *10-3 ( Ns/m2)
Cphh = 3320.69 ( J/Kg. 0C)
hh = 0.3075 ( Kcal/m.h.0C)
o t1 = 0.5 0C

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

ng = 5103.35 ( Kcal/m2.h.)
qng = 2551.68 ( Kcal/m2.h)
tw = 2.11 ( 0C )
tw2 = 93.89 ( 0C )
t2 = 64.89 ( 0C)
qkk = 2521.31 ( Kcal/m2.h)
qtb = 2536.495 (( Kcal/m2.h)
Sai s gia qtb v qng = 0.006 < 0.05 ( Tha)
Khi c lp cch nhit, nhit lng ta ra mi trng :
qtt = 5%qtb = 0.05*2536.495 = 126.28 (Kcal/m2.h)
- H s cp nhit ca hi :
ng = 5103.35 ( Kcal/m2.h.0C)
kk = 2521.31 ( Kcal/m2.h.0C)

1
Do qtt = ng (tw1 tw2 ) = 2 (t w 2 t w3 )
(t w1 t w 2 )
2
rwi
- Nhit ca thnh pha trong thit b :
tw1= tng -

qtt
126.82
96
= 95.975 0C
ng
5103.35

Nhit tr ca thnh thit b v lp cu :

1
0.004
rw1 rcau 1 w

0.0004705 (m2.h.0C/Kcal)
w 5000 14.785
Nhit lp tip xc gia thnh thit b v tm cch nhit tw2 :
qtt =

1
(t w1 t w 2 )
rwi

tw2 = tw1 qtt* rw1 = 95.975 126.82*0.0004705 = 95.915

0

C
Nhit lp cu tip xc vi khng kh :
tw4= tkk +

qtt
126.82
29
= 29.050 0C
kk
2521.31

Nhit tw3 :
qtt =

1
(t w 3 t w 4 )
rcau 2

tw3 = qtt * rcu 2 + tw4

= 126.82*

1
2800

+ 29.050 = 29.0956 0C

Do b dy lp cch nhit 2 tnh theo cng thc :

2 2 (t w 2 t w 3 )
qtt

Chn lp cch nhit l aming cactng c h s dn nhit l

= 0.144 (W/m.0C) = 0.124 (Kcal/m.h.0C)
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 54

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

0.124
(95.915 29.0956) 0.065(m) 65(mm)
126.82

CHNG 5

TNH THIT B PH

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 55

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

I. Thit b gia nhit hn hp u hay thit b lm ngui sn phm y

1. iu kin nhit ca qu trnh :
Nguye
n lie
u

Sa
n pha
m a
y

Sa
n pha
m a
y

Nguye
n lie
u

960C
700C
68.5

0C

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

270C

Trang 56

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Chnh lch nhit u nh :

tn = 96 - 68.5 = 27.5 0C
Chnh lch nhit u ln :
tL = 70 -27 = 43 0C
t L
43

1.56 < 2 nn c th tnh hiu s nhit

tn 27.5
t
trung bnh : ttb L =35.25 0C
tn

T s

Nhit trung bnh ca tng lu th :

Do T1 - T2 < t2 - t1 nn :
Ttb = ( T1 + T2)/2 = 83 0C
ttb = Ttb - tb = 83 - 35.25 = 47.75 0C
2. Nhit ti :
Nhit lng cn thit un nng nhp liu ( tnh phn cn bng
nhit ) :
Qw' W ' .C w .(T2 T1 )
= 2184.86*4159.67*( 96 - 70)
= 2.363*108 (J/h) =65.64(KW)
3. Chn thit b :
a. Chn loi thit b ng chm, t nm ngang vt liu l ng thau, h s
dn nhit = 93 W/h..
Thit b gm 91 ng, xp thnh 5 hnh su cnh, s ng vng ngoi
cng l 31 ng.
Chn ng knh ngoi ca ng dh = 0.025m, loi ng l 25x2mm.
ng knh trong ca thit b :
Dtr =T.(b 1) +4.dh
t : bc ng, chn t =1.2dh =1.2*0.025 = 0.03 (m)
b = 2.a 1 =2.6 1 =11
(a =6 :s ng trn mt cnh ca hnh su cnh ngoi cng
Dtr = 0.03*(11-1) + 4*0.025 = 0.4(m)
b. Cc lu cht u trng thi lng . V sn phm y c bn cao
hn nn cho chy bn trong ng, cn nhp liu cho chy ngoi ng
c. Xc nh h s cp nhit t thnh ng n dng nhp liu :
- Tit din ngang ca khong ngoi ng l :
S = 0.785*(D2tr n.d2)
= 0.785*(0.42 91.0.0252) = 0.081 m2
- Tc chy ca dng nhp liu :
w=

F
3600 * F * S

nhit trung bnh cu dng nhp liu ttb = 47.75 0C, ta tra cc
thng s :
acetone =759.48 (Kg/m3)

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 57

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nc =988.51 (Kg/m3)
F =919.80 ( Kg/m3)
acetone = 0.251*10-3(Ns.m2)
nc = 0.573*10-3(Ns.m2)
F = 0.520*10-3(Ns.m2)
w = 0.019 (m/s)
ng knh tng ng khong ngoi ng :
D 2 n.d 2
0.4 2 91 * 0025 2
=
= 0.038 (m)
D n.d
0.4 91 * 0025

dt =
-

Tnh chun s Re :
.d td .
Re =
= 1277.11
F
Tnh chun s Pr :
+ Chn t1 = 4 0C tt1 = ttb + t1 = 47.75 + 4 = 51.75 0C
Tra hnh V.12 trang 12 S tay tp hai :
Pr47.75 = 3.55
Pr51.75 = 3.45
Pr
46.75
Pr51.75

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

0.25

3.55

3.45

0.25

1.007

Chun s Gr :
g .d td3 . 2 . .t1
Gr
2

: h s gin n th tch, = 0.574*10-3 (1/) (tra bng 33 trang

420 tp 10)
Gr
-

9.81 * 0.038 3 * 919.80 2 * 0.574 * 10 3 * 4

= 3866978.92
(0.052 *10 3 ) 2

(Gr)0.1 = 4.56
Chun s Nu :
Nu = 0.15* 1* Re033 * Pr0.43 *Gr0.1(Pr/Prt )0.25
1 : h s hiu chnh tra theo bng V.2 trang 15 , s tay
tp hai
(l/d > 50 nn chn 1 = 1)
Nu = 0.15* 1* 1277.110.33*3.6560.43*4.56*1.007 = 11.00
Nu. . 11.00 * 0.591
H s cp nhit 1 =

171.08 (W/m2. )
d td

0.038

( tra 47.75 C bng 0.591 W/m.)

d. Xc nh h cp nhit t dng sn phm y n thnh ng :
Ttb = 83 0C , tra cc thng s :
acetone =571 (Kg/m3)

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 58

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

nc =969.9 (Kg/m3)
w =964.8 ( Kg/m3)
acetone = 0.20*10-3(Ns.m2)
nc = 0.35*10-3(Ns.m2)
w = 0.349*10-3(Ns.m2)
-

Vn tc trong dng ng :
w=

W'
2184.86

2
w * n * 0.785 * d
3600 * 960.86 * 91 * 0.785 * 0.0212

w = 0.02 (m/s)
Tnh chun s Re :
.d .
Re =
= 1163.97
w
10 < Re <2000 : ch chy dng
Tnh chun s Pr :
+ Chn t2 = 4 0C tt2 = Ttb - t2 = 83 - 4 = 79 0C
Tra hnh V.12 trang 12 S tay tp hai :
Pr79 = 2.65
Pr83 = 2.6
Pr
83
Pr79

0.25

2.6

2.65

0.25

0.995

Chun s Gr :
Gr

g .d 3 . 2 . .t 2
2

: h s gin n th tch, = 0.726*10-3 (1/) (tra bng 33 trang

420 tp 10)
9.81 * 0.0213 * 964.80 2 * 0.726 * 10 3 * 4
Gr
= 2016263.3
(0.349 * 10 3 ) 2

(Gr)0.1 = 4.27
Chun s Nu :
Nu = 0.15* 2* Re033 * Pr0.43 *Gr0.1(Pr/Prt )0.25
1 : h s hiu chnh tra theo bng V.2 trang 15 , s tay tp hai
(l/d > 50 nn chn 2 = 1)
Nu = 0.15* 1* 1163.970.33*2.60.43*4.27*0.995 = 9.875
Nu. . 9.875 * 0.673
2
H s cp nhit 2 =

316.47 (W/m . )
d

0.021

( tra 47.75 C bng 0.673 W/m.)

e. Nhit ti ring :

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 59

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GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

q1 = 1* t1 = 171.08*4 = 648.32 (W/m2)

q2 = 2* t2 = 361.47*4 = 1265.88 ( W/m2)
Sai s gia q1 v q2 :
q 2 q1 1265.88 684.32

0.495 > 0.05 ( 5% ) , Nn ta phi tnh lp

q2
1265.88

o Tnh lp ln 1 :
Chn t1 = 4.(1 + 0.459) = 6 0C
tt1 = 47.75 + 6 = 53.75 0C
Pr53.75 = 3.35
Pr47.75 = 3.55
Pr
47.75
Pr53.75

0.25

3.55

3.35

0.25

1.015

(Gr)0.1 = 4.75
Nu = 13.2
1 = 205.29 (W/m2.)
q1 = 205.26*6 = 1231.72 (W/m2)

q 2 q1' 1265.88 1231

0.0265 < 0.05 (Hp l )

q2
1265.88

f. H s truyn nhit tng qut :

1

1 -1
K=[
r1 r2
]
1

2
= Cu = 93 (W/m2.)
= 2 (mm)= 0.002 (m)
1 = 205.29 (W/m2. )
2= 316.47 ( W/m2.)
Xem h s cu bn ca nc bn r1 = 0.8455*10-3 (W/m2.)
Xem h s cu bn ca nc thng r2 = 0.5945*10-3 (W/m2.)
K=[

1
0.002
1
0.8455* 10 3
0.5945* 10 3
]-1
205.29
93
316.47

= 105.11
g. B mt truyn nhit :
F=

Q
65.64 *1000

17.72 (m2)
K .t log 105.11 * 35.25

h. Chiu di mi ng :
L=

F
17.72

2.48 (m)
.n.d h 3.1416 * 0.025 * 91

Chn L = 2.5 (m)

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 60

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

II. Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh

1. iu kin nhit ca qu trnh :

S a
n pha
m
nh
N
c

N
c

S an p h a
m
nh

57.30C
400C

300C
270C

Chnh lch nhit u nh :

tn = 30 27= 3 0C
Chnh lch nhit u ln :
tL = 57.3 40 = 17.3 0C
Hiu s nhit trung bnh :
t log

17.3 3
0
8.16 C
17.3
ln

Nhit trung bnh ca tng lu th :

t2tb = ( 27 +40)/2 = 33.5 0C
t1tb = t2tb + tlog = 33.5 + 8.16 = 41.66 0C
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 61

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GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

2. Nhit ti :
Nhit lng cn thit lm ngui sn phm nh ( tnh phn cn
bng nhit ):
Q1N =

16764.76
* 4176.6(40 27) 252.85 (KW)
1000 * 3666

3. Chn thit b :
a. Chn gi tr K : tra bng 4.4 Sch Tnh ton qu trnh v thit b,
Nguyn Bin , c K ( ch i lu cng bc ) = 300 (Kcal/m2.
)
hay K = 300*4.1868*1000/3600 = 348.9 (W/m2.)
- B mt truyn nhit :
F=
-

Q
252.85 * 1000

88.812 (m2)
K .t log
348.9 * 8.16

F = .d.n.L
Chn L = 4 (m)
d = 0.032 (m)
n=

F
= 220.86 (ng )
.d .L

Chn theo tiu chun : thit b ng chm, t nm ngang, vt liu l

ng thau, h s dn nhit = 93 W/h. .
Thit b gm 241 ng, xp thnh 8 hnh su cnh, s ng vng ngoi
cng l 50 ng. Chn ng knh ngoi ca ng dh = 0.032m, loi ng l
32x3mm.Chiu di
L = 3.66 (m)
+ ng knh trong ca thit b :
Dtr =t.(b 1) +4.dh
t : bc ng, chn t =1.5dh =1.5*0.032 = 0.048 (m)
b = 2.a 1 =2.9 1 =17
(a = 9 :s ng trn mt cnh ca hnh su cnh ngoi cng
Dtr = 0.048* (17-1) + 4*0.032 = 0.896(m)
Chn D = 900(mm) = 0.9 (m)
b. Cc lu cht u trng thi lng . V sn phm y c bn cao
hn nn cho chy bn trong ng, cn nhp liu cho chy ngoi ng .
c. Xc nh h s cp nhit t dng sn phm nh n thnh ng
- Tit din ngang ca khong ngoi ng l :
S = 0.785*(D2tr n.d2)
= 0.785*(0.92 241*0.0322) = 0.442 m2

Tc chy ca dng sn phm nh :

w=

D
3600 * D * S

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 62

O AN MON HOC

nhit trung bnh cu dng sn phm nh t1tb = 41.66 0C, ta tra

cc thng s :
acetone =766.17 (Kg/m3)
nc =991.25 (Kg/m3)
D =770.67 ( Kg/m3)
acetone = 0.26*10-3(Ns.m2)
nc = 0.63*10-3(Ns.m2)
D = 0.27*10-3(Ns.m2)
w = 1.223*10-3 (m/s)
ng knh tng ng khong ngoi ng :
dt =

D 2 n.d 2
0.9 2 241 * 0.032 2
=
= 0.065 (m)
D n.d
0.9 241 * 0.032

Tnh chun s Re :
.d td .
Re =
= 226.9
F
10 < Re < 2000 : ch chy dng
Tnh chun s Pr :
+ Chn t1 = 6 0C tt1 = t1tb - t1 = 41.66 - 6 = 35.66 0C
Tra hnh V.12 trang 12 S tay tp hai :
Pr35.66 = 3.81
Pr41.66 = 3.60
Pr
41.66
Pr35.66

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

0.25

3.6

3.81

0.25

0.986

Chun s Gr :
g .d td3 . 2 . .t1
Gr
2
: h s gin n th tch, = 1.53*10-3 (1/)
(tra bng 33 trang 420 tp 10)
9.81 * 0.065 3 * 770.67 2 * 1.53 *10 3 * 6
Gr
= 201493544.7
(0.27 * 10 3 ) 2

(Gr)0.1 = 6.767
Chun s Nu :
Nu = 0.15* 1* Re033 * Pr0.43 *Gr0.1(Pr/Prt )0.25
1 : h s hiu chnh tra theo bng V.2 trang 15 , s tay tp hai
(l/d > 50 nn chn 1 = 1)
Nu = 0.15* 1* 226.90.33* 3.60.43* 6.767* 0.986 = 10.4
Nu. . 10.4 * 0.165
H s cp nhit 1 =

26.4 (W/m2. )
d td

0.065

( tra 41.66 C bng 0.165 W/m.)

d. Xc nh h s cp nhit t thnh ng n nc :
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 63

O AN MON HOC

ttb2 = 33.5 0C , tra cc thng s :

nc =993.95 (Kg/m3)
nc = 0.75*10-3(Ns.m2)
w = 0.349*10-3(Ns.m2)
Vn tc nc trong ng :
w=

Gn
16764.76

2
n * n * 0.785 * d
3600 * 993.95 * 241 * 0.785 * 0.026 2

w = 0.0366 (m/s)
Tnh chun s Re :
.d .
Re =
= 1261.12

10 < Re <2300 : ch chy dng

Tnh chun s Pr :
+ Chn t2 = 1 0C tt2 = t2tb + t2 = 33.5 + 1 = 34.5 0C
Tra hnh V.12 trang 12 S tay tp hai :
Pr34.5 = 13.5
Pr33.5 = 14
Pr
33.5
Pr34.5

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

0.25

14

13.5

0.25

1.009

Chun s Gr :
g .d 3 . 2 . .t 2
Gr
2
: h s gin n th tch, = 0.331*10-3 (1/) (tra bng 33 trang
420 tp 10)
Gr = 100235.969
(Gr)0.1 = 3.163
-Chun s Nu :
Nu = 0.15* 2* Re033 * Pr0.43 *Gr0.1(Pr/Prt )0.25
2 : h s hiu chnh tra theo bng V.2 trang 15 , s tay tp hai
(l/d > 50 nn chn 2 = 1)
Nu = 15.71
Nu. .
2
- H s cp nhit 2 =
378.85 (W/m . )
d

( tra 33.5 C bng 0.627 W/m2.)

e. .Nhit ti ring :
- q1 = 1* t1 = 26.4*6 = 158.4 (W/m2)
- q2 = 2* t2 = 378.85*1 = 378.85 (W/m2)
Sai s gia q1 v q2 :
q 2 q1
0.58 > 0.05 ( 5% ) . Do ta phi tnh lp :
q2

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

o Tnh lp ln 1 :
- Tnh chun s Pr :
+ Chn t1 = 11 0C tt1 = t1tb - t1 = 41.66 - 11 = 30.66 0C
Tra hnh V.12 trang 12 S tay tp hai :
Pr30.66 = 3.9
Pr41.66 = 3.6
Pr
41.66
Pr30.66

0.25

3.6

3.9

0.25

0.980

Chun s Gr :
g .d td3 . 2 . .t1
Gr
2
Gr = 369404832
(Gr)0.1 = 7.19
-Chun s Nu :
Nu = 0.15* 1* Re033 * Pr0.43 *Gr0.1(Pr/Prt )0.25
Nu = 10.98
Nu. .
H s cp nhit 1 =
27.88 (W/m2. )
-

d td

- q 1 = 1* t1 = 27.88*11 = 306.69 (W/m2)

Sai s gia q1 v q2 :
q 2 q1'
0.19 > 0.05 ( 5% )
q2

o Tnh lp ln 2 :
Chn t1 = 13
tt1 = 41.66 -13 = 28.86 0C
Pr28.86 = 3.85
Pr41.66 = 3.60
Pr
41.66
Pr28.66

III.

0.25

3.6

3.85

0.25

0.983

- Gr = 436569346.9
(Gr)0.1 = 7.31
Nu = 11.2
1 = 28.43 (W/m2.)
q1 = 369.58 (W/m2)
q 2 q1'
0.024 < 0.05 (Hp l )
q2

Vy cc thng s chn l ph hp .
Thit b ngng t hi lu

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 65

O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

1. iu kin nhit ca qu trnh

N
c

Sa
n pha
m
nh

N
c
Sa
n pha
m
nh

57.30C

57.30C

400C

270C

Thng thng ngi ta chn loi thit b ngng t vi cht lm lnh

bng nc ngng t hi.
Dng nng 57.3 0C (hi ) 57.3 0C (lng )
Dng lnh 27 0C (lng ) 40 0C (lng )
Chnh lch nhit u nh :
tn = 57.3 40 = 17.3 0C
Chnh lch nhit u ln :
tL = 57.3 27 = 30.3 0C
Hiu s nhit trung bnh :
t log

30.3 17.3
0
23.20 C
30.3
ln

17.3

Nhit trung bnh ca tng lu th :

tt1 = 57.3 = 33.5 0C
tt2 = 57.3 23.2 = 34.1 0C
2. Nhit ti
Nhit lng cn thit ngng t sn phm ra nh thp ( tip theo
phn cn bng nhit ):
Q = 1500 *0.92 *544.31 *1000/3600 = 208652.17(W)

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

3. Chn thit b
Chn loi thit b ng chm, t nm ngang vt liu l ng thau, h s
dn nhit
= 93 W/h. .
Thit b gm 187 ng, xp thnh 7 hnh su cnh, s ng vng ngoi
cng l 43 ng.
Chn ng knh ngoi ca ng dh = 0.032m, loi ng l 32x3mm.
ng knh trong ca thit b :
Dtr =t.(b 1) +4.dh
t : bc ng, chn t =1.5dh =1.5*0.032 = 0.048 (m)
b = 2.a 1 =2.8 1 =15
(a = 8 :s ng trn mt cnh ca hnh su cnh ngoi cng )
Dtr = 0.048*(15-1) + 4*0.032 = 0.8(m)
4. Xc nh h s cp nhit t dng sn phm nh n thnh ng
nhit trung bnh cu dng nng tt1 = 57.3 0C, ta tra cc thng s :
=748.97 (Kg/m3)
= 0.23*10-3(Ns.m2)
r = 521.42 *10-3 : n nhit ngng t ca Acetone
c = 2296.22 J/Kg : nhit dung ring ca Acetone
= 0.165 W/m. : h s cp nhit ca Acetone
dt =

D 2 n.d 2
0.8 2 187 * 0.032 2
=
= 0.066 (m)
D n.d
0.8 187 * 0.032

+ Chn t = 3 0C tw1 = 57.3 - 3 = 54.3 0C

H s cp nhit 1 =
r * 2 * 3
521.42 *10 3 * 784.97 2 * 0.165 3
.28* 4
1.28 * 4
* t * d td
0.23 * 10 3 * 3 * 0.066
= 2966.56 (W/m2. )
- H s cp nhit trung bnh ca chm ng :
ch = * 1
Tra th V.18 trang 29 S tay tp 2 : = 0.90
ch = 0.90*2966.56 = 2669.90 ( W/m2. )
5. Xc nh h s cp nhit t thnh ng n nc
- Nhit trung bnh ca dng lnh ttb2 = (40 + 27)/2 = 33.5 0C , tra cc
thng s :
nc =993.95 (Kg/m3)
nc = 0.75*10-3(Ns.m2)
- Vn tc nc trong ng :
-

w=

Gn
3.893

2
n * n * 0.785 * d
993.95 *187 * 0.785 * 0.032 2

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 67

O AN MON HOC

Trong Gn = 3.893 (Kg/s)

w = 0.039 (m/s)
Tnh chun s Re :
.d .
Re =
= 1343.46

10 < Re <2300 : ch chy dng

Tnh chun s Pr :
+ Chn t = 15 0C tt2 = t2tb + t2 = 33.5 + 15 = 48.5 0C
Tra hnh V.12 trang 12 S tay tp hai :
Pr48..5 = 10
Pr33.5 = 14
Pr
33.5
Pr48..5

0.25

14

10

0.25

1.088

Chun s Gr :
Gr

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

g .d 3 . 2 . .t 2
2

: h s gin n th tch, = 0.33*10-3 (1/) (tra bng 33 trang 420

tp 10)
Gr = 1.5204*106
(Gr)0.1 = 4.15
Chun s Nu :
Nu = 0.15* 2* Re033 * Pr0.43 *Gr0.1(Pr/Prt )0.25
2 : h s hiu chnh tra theo bng V.2 trang 15 , s tay tp hai
(l/d > 50 nn chn 2 = 1)
Nu = 22.69
Nu. .
2
H s cp nhit 2 =
547.18 (W/m . )
d

( nc tra 33.5 C bng 0.627 W/m2.)

6. Nhit ti ring
- q1 = ch* t1 = 2669.90*3 = 8009.7 (W/m2)
- q2 = 2* t2 = 547.18*15 = 8207.67 (W/m2)
Sai s gia q1 v q2 :
q 2 q1
0.024 < 0.05 ( 5% )
q2

7. H s truyn nhit
1

1 -1
K=[
r1 r2
]
1

2
= Cu = 93 (W/m2.)
= 3 (mm)= 0.003 (m)
1 = 2966.56 (W/m2. )
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

2= 547.18 ( W/m2.)
Xem h s cu bn ca nc bn r1 = 0.387*10-3 (W/m2.)
Xem h s cu bn ca nc thng r2 = 0.464*10-3 (W/m2.)
K=[

1
0.003
1
0.387 * 10 3
0.464 *10 3
]-1
2966.56
93
547.18

= 328.09 (W/m2. )
8. B mt truyn nhit
F=

Q
208652.17

27.41 (m2)
K .t log 328.09 * 23.20

9. Chiu di mi ng
L=

F
27.41

1.489 (m)
n. .d h 3.1416 * 0.032 *187

Chn L = 1.5 (m)

Tm li : Thit b ngng t hi lu Thit b chm ng c :
ng knh thit b D = 0.8 (marketing) = 800(mm)
S ng n = 187 ng
Chiu di ca ng L = 1.5 (m), ng knh d = 32(mm) = 0.032 (m)
Nc i trong ng, dng sn phm nh i ngoi ng , thit b t nm
ngang.
IV. Thit b ni un
1. iu kin nhit ca qu trnh
a
y tha
p (hi)

Hi N
c

a
y tha
p
Sa
n pha
m a
y

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

N
c

Trang 69

O AN MON HOC

119.60C

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

119.60C

106.50C

90.60C

Ta dng hi nc bo ha c p sut tuyt i l 2at, nhit si 119.6

0
C, cp nhit cho dung dch.
Dng nng 119.6 0C (hi ) 119.6 0C (hi )
Dng lnh 96 0C (lng ) 106.5 0C (hi )
(Tra nhit si ca Acetone p sut 2at. Bng I.207 trang 246 S tay
tp 1)
Chnh lch nhit u vo :
tn = 23.6 0C
Chnh lch nhit u ra :
tL = 13.1 0C
Hiu s nhit trung bnh :
t log

23.6 13.1
0
17.84 C
23.6
ln

13.1

2. Nhit ti
Nhit lng hi nc cn cung cp (tip theo phn cn bng nhit ):
QD2 = Qy + Qw + Qxq2 + Qng2 QF - QR = 208652.17(W)
Hay QD2 = 1.05 ( Qy + Qw QF - QR )
= 1.05* ( 1.95*109 + 1.465*109 1.280*109 1.844*108 )
= 2.048*109 (J/h) = 5,689*105 (J/s)
3. Chn thit b
t ni un Kette ring bit vi thp . Ni un tip nhn dng lng i ra
bn di thp. Nh hi nc bo ha c nhit cao hn nhit dng
lng trn s gip ha hi mt phn lng y thp mc ch to hi cho
phn ny c iu kin i ln nh thp.
ng dng ttrong ni c kch thc : ng knh ngoi ca ng dh =
0.032m, loi ng l 32x3mm.
Thit b gm 187 ng, xp thnh 7 hnh su cnh, s ng vng ngoi
cng l 43 ng.
4. Xc nh h s cp nhit t dng sn phm nh n thnh ng
- Xc nh chun s Re :
Khi ngng hi mt ngoi ng nm ngang :

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GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

.d .z.q
( Trang 27 S tay tp 2)
2. .r
nht ca nc ngng : = 0.233*10-3(Ns.m2) nhit 119.0 0C
r = 2173 *10-3 ( nhit ha hi )
z : s ng trong mt dy ng ( ng n xp ln trn ng kia ), z = 8

Rem =

ng.
Chn Ksb = 700 (W/m2. )
qsb = K.tlog = 700*17.84 = 12488 (W/m2)
Rem =

3.14 * 0.032 * 8 *12488

9.94 < 50
2 * 0.233 * 10 3 * 2173 * 10 3

V Pr119.6 = 2.5 > 0.5

Do h s cp nhit 1 c xc nh theo cng thc :
r * 2 * 3
2173 * 10 3 * 944 2 * 0.684 3
1 = 1.28* 4
1.28 * 4
* t * d td
0.208 *10 3 * 3 * 0.032
= 16513.77 (W/m2. )
Trong 1 = 944 (Kg/m3)
= 0.684 (W/m. )
Chn t1 = 3 0C

5. Tnh h s cp nhit ca sn phm y ni

- H s cp nhit 2 cho ch si bt c p dng theo cng thc
V.94 S tay tp2
- Xem sn phm y l nc v nng Acetone rt nh . Khi tnh h
s cp nhit theo cng thc V.95 S tay tp 2
2 = 0.56* q0.7 *p0.5 (W/m2.)
Vi p = 1.114 at : p sut lm vic trn b mt thong dung dch
q = q1 :gi thit truyn nhit l n nh
q = q1 = 1 * t1 16513.77 * 3 49541.31(W / m 2 )
2 = 0.56 * 49541.310.7 *1.114 0.15 1100.77 (W/m2.)
- Chn t2 = 14.5 0C
ttw2 = (96 +106.5)/2 + 14.5 = 115.75 0C
q2 = 1100.77*14.5 = 15961.165 (W/m2)
Sai s gia q1 v q2 :
q 2 q1
0.033 < 0.05 ( 5% )
q2

Vy cc thng s chn l ph hp .
6. H s truyn nhit

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O AN MON HOC

K=[

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

1 -1
r1 r2
]
1

= Cu = 93 (W/m2.)
= 2 (mm)= 0.002 (m)
1 = 16513.77 (W/m2. )
2= 1100.77 ( W/m2.)
Xem h s cu bn ca nc bn r1 = 0.387*10-3 (W/m2.)
Xem h s cu bn ca nc thng r2 = 0.464*10-3 (W/m2.)
K=[

1
0.002
1
0.387 * 10 3
0.464 * 10 3
]-1
16513.77
93
1100.77

= 539.88 (W/m2. )
7. B mt truyn nhit
F=

Q
5.689 * 10 5
2

59.067 (m )
K .t log 539.88 * 17,84

8. Chiu di mi ng
L=

F
59.067

3.142 (m)
n. .d h 3.1416 * 0.032 *187

Chn L = 3.25 (m)

V. Tnh bn cao v- Bm
1. Tnh bn cao v: (xem trang sau)

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Tnh s b z2 : ( chiu cao t chn n v tr nhp liu )

z2 = Ho [ l1 + ht + h + 386 + 8*(H + m ) + 100 ] (mm)
Vi Ho
: chiu cao thp so vi chn , Ho = 5105 (mm)
l1
: chiu cao ng dn hi nh ,l1 = 130 (mm)
ht , h : chiu cao y v g , ht = 200 (mm), h = 25(mm)
386 : chiu cao ca mm th nht
H, m : khong cch gia cc mm v chiu dy ca mm
H = 300, m = 4 (mm)
8
: s mm (tnh n v tr nhp liu)
100 : khong cch t mm th 9 n v tr nhp liu
z2 = 5105 [ 130 + 200 + 25 + 386 + 8( 300 + 4 ) + 100] = 1832
(mm)
Xt hai mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 :
z1 +

P1 v 21
P v22

z2 2
hw1 2
2g

2g

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O AN MON HOC

z1= z2 +

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

P2 P1 v 2 2 v 21

hw12

2g

Trong :
v1 =0 (m/s)
P2 P1 Pcat
5297.9

0.568 (m) = 568 (mm)

949.8 * 9.81
0
C

= F68.5 = 949.8 (Kg/m3 )

Chn ng knh ng dn : d = 40 (mm) = 0.04 (m)
v2 =

4Q F 4 *1.505 * 10 3

1.2 (m/s)
.d 2 3.1416 * 0.04 2

Tng tr lc trn ng ng :
24
.l v 2
hw1 2 ( i ). 2
i 1

2. g

Chn s b chiu di chiu di ng dn l = 15 (m)

+ Tnh h s :
v .d . F 1.2 * 0.04 * 949.8
Re = 2

118601.4 104
2
F
0.3844 * 0.04
Nn (1.46.

100 0.25
)
Re

Chn = 0.2 (mm) ( nhm tuyt i ca ng dn )

0. 2

40

0.005

(1.46 * 0.005

100
) 0.25 0.03
118601.4

+ Cc h s tn tht cc b :
H s tr qua thit b gia nhit nhp liu :
1 (6 9 * m)(S / d ) 0.03 * Re 0.26
.S dy ng m = 11
dng = 0.021 (m)
.Khong cch gia hai tm ng :S = t.cos30 = 26 (mm)
1 (6 9 *11)(26 / 21) 0.03 *118601.4 0.26 4.79
H s tr lc qua on un ng :
= 2 = 4 = 5 = 6 = 7 = 11 = 12 = 13 = 14 = 14 = 15 = 17 =
A.B.C
Gc un = 900 A = 1
a = 40 (mm)

a
= 1 B = 0.21
d

R
1 C = 1
d
1' = 1 * 0.21 * 1 = 0.21

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

H s tr lc ca lu lng k khng ng k : 20 = 0
H s tr lc ca van cn trong ng trn v thng :
= 3 = 18 = 19 = 21 = 0.05
H s t m 24 = 0.57 do :
Re= 118601.4 104
F0 d 02 0.04 2

0.25
F1 d12 0.08 2

H s t m trc khi vo thit b gia nhit : 7 = 0.31 do :

Re= 118601.4 104
F0 d 02 0.04 2

0.44
F1 d12 0.06 2

( Chn ng knh l m thit b gia nhit 60 (mm))

H s t thu sau thit b gia nhit : 10 = 0.32 do :
Re= 118601.4 104
F0 d 02 0.04 2

0.44
F1 d12 0.06 2

Chn ng knh l m bn cao v : 100(mm)

H s t thu 1 = 0.46 do :
Re= 118601.4 104
F0 d 02 0.04 2

0.16
F1 d12
0.12

H s tn tht ng 3 ng :
16 = 23 = n = A. + o
F3
0.5 A 0.72
F2
V
T s lu lng 3 0.5
V2
F3
V
0.5
F2

Do

= 1.63
0 = 0.53
16 = 23 = 0.72*1.63 + 0.53 = 1.70
cb = 1 + 7 + 10 + 2.n + + 11. + 4.
= 0.46 + 0.31 + 0.32 + 2*1.7 + 4.79 + 11*0.21 + 4*0.05
= 11.79
0.03 * 1.5 1.2 2
).
1.691(m) 1691(mm)
0.04
2.9.81
1.2 2
z1 = 1.832 + 0.568 +
1.691 = 4.164 (m) = 4164 (mm)
2 * 9.81

hw1 2 (11.79

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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

o Khong cch t mm nhp liu n chn thit b :

o H1 = z2 = 1832 (mm)
Vy khong cch t mc cht lng trong bn cao v n bm ( gi s
t ngay chn ) Hcv = z1 = 4164 (mm)
2. Tnh bm
p dng phng trnh Bernulli cho mt ct (1-1) v (3-3) :
Hb + z3 +

v32 P3
v2 P
= z1 + 1 1 h13

2. g 3
2. g 1

Trong :
P1 = P3 = 1 at
1 = 3
v1 = v3 : chn ng knh ng ht bng ng knh ng y .
Hb = z1 z3 + h1-3
+ Chn chiu cao mc cht lng trong bn cha nguyn liu cao
hn chn 0.3 (m) = 300 (mm)
2
11
.l v
h1-3 = ( i ).
d

i 1

2. g

Chn chiu di ng dn l= 8 (m)

Chn ng knh ng dn d = 40 (mm)
Vn tc v= 1.5 (m/s)
Tnh h s :
v.d .
1.5 * 0.04 * 978.98
Re =

74690.77 104
3

0.78 * 10
Nn (1.46.

100 0.25
)
Re

Chn = 0.2 (mm) ( nhm tuyt i ca ng dn )

0. 2

40

0.005

(1.46 * 0.005
-

100
) 0.25 0.03
74690.77

Tng t khi tnh bn cao v ta c cc h s tr lc cc b :

1 = 0.32 ; 2 = 4 = 6 = 7 = 9 = 10 = 0.21 ;
3 = 5 = 0.05 ; 8 = 1.7; 10 = 0.31
cb = 0.32 + 6*0.21 + 2*0.05 + 1.7 + 0.31 = 3.69
h1-3 = ( 3.69 + 0.03*

8
1.5 2
)*
= 1.111(m) = 1111 (mm)
0.04 2 * 9.81

Hb= 4164 300 + 1111 = 4975 (mm) = 4.975 (m)

Cng sut bm ly tm :

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Trang 76

O AN MON HOC

Nt =

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

Q.H b . .g
1000.
d2
0.04 2
Q = . .v 3.1416 *
* 1.5 1.855 * 10 3 (m3/s)
4
4

Hb = 4.975 (m)
= 970.98 (Kg/m3)
= 75% (Hiu sut bm)
Nt =

1.885 * 10 3 * 4.975 * 970.98 * 9.81

= 0.12( KW)
1000 * 0.75

Cng sut ng c in :
Ndc =

Nt
0.12

= 0.15 (KW)
tr . dc 0.9 * 0.9

Vi tr : hiu sut truyn ng .

c : hiu sut ng c .
phng qu ti, ta chn bm c cng sut N = 2.Nt = 2*0.12 =
0.24 (KW) .

CHNG 6

TNH GI THNH
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O AN MON HOC

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

THIT B

Khi lng vt liu (Kg)

Thp X18H10T
Thp CT3
351.03
61
17.54
98.26
47.49
31.20
229.96
12.56
606.52
242.52

Chi tit
V thp
Np-y
Mm
Chp
Ong hi
Ong chy chuyn
Bch ni thn
Bch ni cc ng dn
Tng

Gi vt liu
( ng/Kg)
50000
10000

Vt liu
Thp X18H10T
Thp CT3
Bulng
M5
M8
M16

ng/con
500
1000
2000

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

S lng
( Con)
150
857
48

Thnh tin
( ng)
30326000
2425200
Thnh tin
(ng)
75000
857000
96000
Trang 78

O AN MON HOC

M20

GVHD: LE XUAN HAI

2500

360

900000

Thnh tin
( ng)
2
2
King thy tinh
250000/m
0.318 m
80000
Ap k
600000/ci
2 ci
1200000
Nhit k
150000/ci
4 ci
600000
Lu lng k
1000000/ci
1 ci
1000000
Vt liu cch nhit
4000000/m3
0.44m3
1750000
- Tng tin vt t ch to thp v cc thit b c lin quan n hat ng
ca thp : 39309000 ( ng ).
- Tin gia cng ch to v lp t :( ly bng 1.5 tin vt t ) : 58963500
( ng ).
- Vy gi thnh thp chng : 98272500 ( ng).
Chi tit khc

ng/nv

n v

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] V Vn Ban, V B Minh,Gio trnh Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha
hc Tp 3, HBK Tp.HCM.
[2] Phm Vn Bn, Gio trnh Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc Tp
5, HBK Tp.HCM.
[3] Gio trnh Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc Tp 10 V d v
Bi tp , HBK Tp.HCM.
[4] S tay Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc Tp 1 v Tp 2, HBK
H Ni.
[5] Gs,Ts Ngun Bin, Thit b trong cng ngh ho cht v thc phm,
Tp 1 v Tp 2.
[6] Raymond E.KIPK and Donald F.Othmer, Volume 1, Encyclopedia of
Chemcial technology.

SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC

Trang 79