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MODULE MM PID

Nhng module mm c trong Step7:


Phn mm Step7 cung cp cc module mm PID iu khin cc i tng c m hnh lin tc nh l, ng c,mc u ra ca i tng c a vo u vo ca cc b iu khin qua cc cng vo tng t ca cc module vo tng t ca Simantic s7300/400. Tn hiu ra ca b iu khin c nhiu dng v c a n cc c cu chp hnh qua nhng module vo ra khc nhau nh: Qua cng ra tng t ca cc module ra tng t (AO) hoc Qua cc cng ra s ca module ra s(DO) hoc Qua cc cng pht xung ra tc cao Ph thuc vo c cu chp hnh, ngi s dng c th chn module mm PID tng thch . Ba module PID c tch hp trong phn mm Step7 ph hp vi ba kiu c cu chp hnh nu trn, l: 1. iu khin lin tc vi module mm FB41(tn chnh thc CONT_C) 2. iu khin bc vi module mm FB42(tn chnh thc CONT_S) 3. iu khin kiu pht xung vi khi hm h tr FB43(tn chnh thc PULSEGEN) Ch : Khi s dng cc hm ny cn khai bo trong OB35 ( khi OB ngt theo chu k) Ngoi ra Module mm PID cn h tr thm cho phn v th vi khi hm FB58 "TCONT_CP" h tr cho hm FB41 v FB59 "TCONT_S" -c tnh iu khin v tc x l ca module PID mm ph thuc vo loi CPU c chn gii quyt bi ton iu khin.Ch nhng bi ton c s vng iu khin t ngi ta mi c th s dng cc b module PID mm c tn sut truy nhp cao.

I. IU KHIN LIN TC VI FB41(CONT_C)


S cu trc ca module mm c minh ha trong hnh:
FB41(CON_T) c s ng iu khin cc qu trnh k thut vi cc bin u vo v u ra tng t trn c s thit b kh trnh Simantic. Trong khi thit lp tham s, c th tch cc hoc khng tch cc mt s thnh phn chc nng ca b iu khin PID sao cho ph hp vi i tng.

Cu trc ca module phn mm FB41 CON_C C th s dng module mm PID nh mt b iu khin vi tn hiu ch o t cng ( fix setpoint) hoc thit k mt h thng iu khin nhiu mch vng theo kiu iu khin cascade. Nhng chc nng iu khin c thit k trn c s ca lut iu khin PID ca b iu khin mu vi tn hiu tng t. Module mm PID bao gm tn hiu ch o SP_INT, tn hiu ra ca i tng PV_PER , tn hiu gi m phng tn hiu ra ca i tng PV_IN , cc bin trung gian trong qu trnh thc hin lut v thut iu khin PID nh PVPER_ON,P_SEL,I_SEL , D_SEL , MAN_ON.. Tn hiu ch o SP_INT c nhp di dng s thc du phy ng. Tn hiu ra ca i tng PV_PER:Thng qua hm ni ca FB41 c tn CRP_IN, tn hiu ra ca i tng c th c nhp di dng s nguyn c du hoc s thc du

phy ng. Chc nng ca CRP_IN l chuyn i kiu biu din ca PV_PER t dng s nguyn sang s thc du phy ng c gi tr nm trong khong -100 n 100% theo cng thc: Tn hiu ra ca CRP_IN = PV_PER*100/27648 Chun ha : chc nng ca hm chun ha PV_NORM tn hiu ra ca i tng l chun ha tn hiu ra ca hm CRP_IN theo cng thc Tn hiu ra ca PV_NORM=(tn hiu ra ca CRP_IN) * PV_FAC_OFF Hai tham tr khng ch gii gi tr cho php ca PV_NORM l PV_FAC v PV_OFF . Mc nh PV_FAC ca hm PV_NORM c gi tr bng 1 v PV_OFF c gi tr bng 0. Lc nhiu tc ng trong ln cn im lm vic. Tn hiu sai lch l hiu gia tn hiu ch o v tn hiu ra ca i tng. N c to ra ngay trong FB41 v l u vo ca khi DEADBAND hoc ca i tng m c th b qua s nh hng ca nhiu trong ln cn im lm vic ta chn DEAD_W = 0 Chn lut (CONT_C) iu khin trn module FB41

Hnh v di m t thut PID c thit k theo kiu song song ca 3 thut iu khin n l : t l P, tch phn I v vi phn D theo s cu trc (sau khi DEADBAND) Chnh v cu trc song song nh vy nn ta c th thng qua cc tham tr P_SEL,I_SEL, hay D_SEL m tch hp cc thut iu khin khc nhau t b ly mu nh thut iu khin P , PI , PID

Thut iu khin PID t gi tr : Phn mm cho php chn ch t ng ( automatic mode) hoc ch bng tay. ch bng tay cc gi tr ca cc bin c chn bng tay . B tch phn (INT) t thit lp ch LNM_LNM, P-DISV v b vi phn (DIF) t ng v 0. iu m bo cho vic chuyn

ch t thit b lp gi tr bng tay v ch t ng khng gy nn 1 bin i t ngt no i vi cc bin c thit lp gi tr bng tay. Cng c th gii hn cho cc gi tr c thit lp bng tay nh hm LMNLIMIT . Mt bit c s c gi tr logic bng 1 khi bin vo c gi tr vt qa gii hn chn. Hm LMN_MORM s chun ha tn hiu ra ca hm LMNLIMIT theo cng thc : LMN_PER = LMN *27648/100 Ngai ra nhiu c th c lc trc bng cch a qua u vo DISV K h i n g v th n g bo li : FB41 (CONT_C) c mt chng trnh con phc v cho vic khi to li tan b h thng. Chng trnh ny c gi khi tn hiu vo COM_RST c gi tr logic bng 1. Trong khi khi to ,lut iu khin tch phn c t ng thit lp vi gi tr khi to I_ITVAL. Nu lut iu khin ny c gi theo ngt thi gian, n s lun lm vic vi gi tr ny. Tt c cc u ra khc c t gi tr mc nh . Khi FB41 (CONT_C) khng c kh nng t kim tra li bn trong ca module mm PID . M bo li RET_VAL khng c s dng.

Tham bin chnh thc u vo: Khi FB41(CONT_C) c 26 tham bin chnh thc u
vo nh sau: Bin
COM_RST

Kiu Tm Gi tr d liu BOOL

Mc nh

M t chc nng COMPLETE RESTART Khi c chc nng khi to li h thng hon tan khi u vocomplete restart MANUAL VALUE ON Khi u vo manual value on c gi tr logic TRUE mch vng dk s b ngt, cc gi tr thit lp bng tay PROCESS VARIABLE PERIPHERAL ON Khi c bin qu trnh t cc cng vo/ra u vo PV_PER phi c ni vi cc cng vo/ra v u vo process variable peripheral c gi tr logic True PROPORTIONAL ACTION ON Hot ng ca b dk PID c th tch cc hoc khng tch cc tng phn ring trong thut dk PID , thut dk t l c kch hot khi gi tr logic True c thit lp ti cng vo proportional action on

FALSE

MAN_ON

BOOL

TRUE

PVPER_ON BOOL

FALSE

P_SEL

BOOL

TRUE

I_SEL

BOOL

TRUE

INTEGRAL ACTION ON Hot ng ca b dk PID c th tch cc hoc khng tch cc tng phn ring trong thut dk PID , thut dk t l c kch hot khi gi tr logic True c thit lp ti cng vo proportional action on INTEGRAL ACTION HOLD u ra ca b iu khin tch phn c th b ng lnh (not use) khi thit lp gi tr logic true cho u vo intergral action hold INITIALIZATION OF THE INTEGRAL ACTION u ra ca b k tch phn c th c ni vo cng vo I_ITL_VAL nu nh cng vo initialization of the intergral action on c gi tr logic true DERIVATIVE ACTION ON Hot ng ca b dk PID c th tch cc hoc khng tch cc tng phn ring trong thut dk PID. Thut dk vi phn c kch hot khi gi tr logic True c thit lp ti cng vo derivative action on SAMPLING TIME Thi gian ly mu l khong thi gian khng i gia cc ln khi c cp nht. INTERNAL SETPOINT u vo internal setpoint c s dng tht lp tn hiu ch o (tn hiu mu) PROCESS VARIABLE IN Gi tr khi to c th t u vo process variable in hoc t bin qu trnh c ni vi CPU thng qua cng vo tng t PROCESS VARIABLE PERIPHERAL Bin qu trnh c ni vi CPU qua cng vo tng t MANUAL VALUE Cng vo manual value c s dng t gi tr bng cc hm giao din

INT_HOLD BOOL

FALSE

I_ITL_ON

BOOL

FALSE

D_SEL

BOOL

FALSE

CYCLE

TIME

>= 1ms

T#1s

SP_INT

PV_IN

-100.0...100.0 REAL (%) hoc gi tr vt l -100.0...100.0 REAL (%) hoc gi tr vt l

0.0

0.0

PV_PER

WORD

W#16#0000

MAN

-100.0...100.0 REAL (%) hoc gi tr vt l

0.0

GAIN

REAL

2.0

PROPORTIONAL GAIN u vo proportional gain c s dng thit lp h s t l cho b iu khin theo lut t l RESET TIME Cng vo reset time c s dng thit lp hng s thi gian tch phn cho b dk tch phn DERIVATIVE TIME Cng vo derivate time c s dng thit lp hng s thi gian vi phn cho b dk vi phn TIME LAG OF THE DERIVATIVE ACTION Thi gian tch cc ca lut iu khin vi phn c chon thng qua cng vo time lag of the derivate action DEAD BAND WIDTH Mt vng km nhy x l tn hiu sai lch. rng ca vng km nhy c t thng qua cng vo dead band width MANIPULATED VALUE HIGH LIMIT Gii hn ch trn c tht lp bng tay qua cng vo manipulated value high limit MANIPULATED VALUE LOW LIMIT Gi tr hn ch di c thit lp bng tay thng qua cng vo manipulated value low limit PROCESS VARIABLE FACTOR Bin qu trnh c nhn vi mt h s cho ph hp vi phm vi qui nh ca bin ny. H s c chn thng qua cng vo process variable factor PROCESS VARIABLE OFFSET Bin qu trnh c cng vi mt lng b cho ph hp vi phm vi qui nh ca bin ny . Gi tr b c chn thng qua cng vo process variable offset

TI

TIME

>= CYCLE

T#20s

TD

TIME

>= CYCLE

T#10s

TM_LAG

TIME

>= CYCLE/2

T#2s

>= 0 (%) hoc gi tr vt l LMN_LIM 0 (%) hoc LMN_HLM REAL gi tr vt l


DEADB_W REAL

0.0

100.0

-100 LMN_LLM REAL LMN_LIM (%) hoc gi tr vt


PV_FAC

0.0

REAL

1.0

PV_OFF

REAL

0.0

LMN_FAC

REAL

1.0

LMN_OFF

REAL

0.0

I_ITLVAL

-100.0...100.0 REAL (%) hoc gi tr vt l

MANIPULATED VALUE FACTOR Gi tr gii hn c nhn vi mt h s cho ph hp vi phm vi qui nh ca bin qu trnh. H s ny c t qua cng vo manipulated value factor MANIPULATED VALUE OFFSET Gi tr gii hn c cng thm mt lng b cho ph hp vi phm vi qui nh ca bin qu trnh. H s ny c t qua cng vo manipulated value offset INITIALIZATION VALUE OF THE INTEGRAL ACTION Gi tr u ra ca b iu khin tch phn c c thit lp thng qua cng vo initialization value of the integral action. DISTURBANCE VARIABLE Khi iu khin h thng bng phng php feedforward th mt gi tr b nhiu c t thng qua cng vo disturbance variable.

0.0

DISV

-100.0...100.0 REAL (%) hoc gi tr vt l

0.0

Tham bin chnh thc u ra: Khi FB41 (CONT_C) c 9 tham bin chnh thc u ra
nh sau:
Bin LMN

Kiu d Tm Gi tr liu REAL

Mc nh 0.0

M t MANIPULATED VALUE Gi tr c thit lp bng tay thng qua cng manipulated value

LMN_PER

WORD

QLMN_HLM BOOL

W#16#0000 MANIPULATED VALUE PERIPHERAL Gi tr u ra thit lp bng tay theo kiu biu din ph hp vi cc cng vo/ra tng t c chn qua cng ra the manipulated value peripheral FALSE HIGH LIMIT OF MANIPULATED VALUE REACHED Cng ra high limit of manipulated value reached thng bo gi tr bin qu trnh vt qu gi tr gii hn trn

QLMN_LLM BOOL

FALSE

LOW LIMIT OF MANIPULATED VALUE REACHED Cng ra low limit of manipulated value reached thng bo gi tr ca bin qu trnh nh hn gi tr gii hn di PROPORTIONAL COMPONENT Tn hiu ra ca b k t l c xut qua cng ra proportional component INTEGRAL COMPONENT Tn hiu ra ca b k tch phn c xut qua cng ra intergral component DERIVATIVE COMPONENT Tn hiu ra ca b k vi phn c xut qua cng ra derivative component PROCESS VARIABLE Tn hiu qu trnh c xut qua cng ra the process variable ERROR SIGNAL Tn hiu sai lch c xut qua cng ra error signal

LMN_P

REAL

0.0

LMN_I

REAL

0.0

LMN_D

REAL

0.0

PV

REAL

0.0

ER

REAL

0.0

II. IU KHIN BC VI FB42 CONT_S


FB42 CONT_S c s dng trn c s Simantic s7 300/400 iu khin cc i tng k thut vi u ra ca b iu khin l tn hiu s. Tn hiu ra s hon tan thch hp vi cc c cu chp hnh kiu tch phn. Trong khi thit lp tham s, ngi thit k c th tch cc hoc khng tch cc b k PI bc cho ph hp vi yu cu ca bi ton k t ra. C th s dng module mm FB42 CONT_S nh mt b k theo lut PI vi tn hiu ch o t trc hoc c th s dng n trong mch vng k ph trong h thng thit k da trn nguyn tc k cascade. Chc nng ca b k ph trong h thng thit k da trn nguyn tc k cascade. Chc nng ca b k ny hon tan tun theo thut k PI vi tn hiu qu trnh l tn hiu tng t v tn hiu ra ca b k l tn hiu s. Mt phn trong cc chc nng ca module mm ny l ng vai tr ca mt b k PI c cc gi tr tn hiu u ra s t bng tay. Lm vic ch ny l b k bc khng cn n tn hiu hi tip .

Hnh sau m t hot ng ca FB42 CONT_S

S cu trc nguyn l ca module mm FB42 CONT_S Tn hiu ch o : c biu din s thc du phy ng v c thit lp t cng vo SP_INT Tn hiu ra ca i tng : c a thng t cng vo tng t theo kiu s nguyn hoc c truyn sau khi bin i sang kiu s thc du phy ng. Hm CRP_IN c chc nng bin i gi tr truyn t cng vo tng t sang kiu s thc du phy ng trong khong t -100% n 100% theo cng thc Tn hiu ra ca CRP_IN = PV_PER * 100/27648

Chun ha : chc nng ca hm PV_NORM l chun ha tn hiu ly t u ra ca hm CRP_IN theo cng thc Tn hiu ra ca PV_NORM = ( tn hiu ra ca CRP_IN) * PV_FAC + PV_OFF . Mc nh PV_FAC c gi tr bng 1 v PV_OFF c gi tr bng 0 . Lc nhiu tc ng trong ln cn im lm vic: tn hiu sai lch l hiu gia tn hiu ch o v tn hiu ra ca i tng. Ging nh FB41 , trong FB42 cng c khi DEADBAND c thit k ngay sau tn hiu sai lch v trc phn iu khin theo lut lc nhng dao ng nh quanh gi tr xc lp bng cch to ra mt vng km nhy . Nu gi tr DEADB_W=0 th vng km nhy khng tn ti.

THUT IU KHIN PI BC
Khi hm FB42 ca module mm PID lm vic khng cn phi c tn hiu hi tip. Chc nng ca lut I trong thut k PI v tn hiu sai lch c tnh trong mt b tch phn INT, sau so snh vi tn hiu ra ca b k theo lut t l nh mt gi tr hi tip. Hiu ca php so snh ny c a vo mt r le ba v tr c tr Three_ST v u ra ca r le ny k b pht xung ra PULSEOUT k c cu chp hnh . C th gim tn s ng ct ca b k bng cch to ra vng tr khi chuyn v tr ca r le. Ngai ra gim nh hng ca nhiu trong trng hp k khng hi tip, c th lc nhiu cho h bng cch a tn hiu vo u vo DISV ca b lc nhiu.

KHI NG V THNG BO LI
H thng c khi to li hon tan khi cng vo COM_RST c gi tr bng 1. Tt c cc cng ra nhn gi tr mc nh. Khi hm FB42 ny khng c kh nng t kim tra li bn trong. N khng s dng cng ra bo kiu li RET_VAL Tham bin chnh thc u vo :
Bin COM_RST Kiu liu d Tm gi tr Mc inh FALSE M t COMPLETE RESTART Module mm c khi to li hon tan khi cng vo complete restart c gi tr logic bng 1 HIGH LIMIT OF POSITION FEEDBACK SIGNAL Tn hiu actuator at upper limit stopc ni n cng vo high limit of position feedback . Cng ra c cu chp hnh s b cm khi . LMNR_HS=TRUE

BOOL

LMNR_HS

BOOL

FALSE

LMNR_LS

BOOL

FALSE

LOW LIMIT OF POSITION FEEDBACK SIGNAL Tn hiu actuator at lower limit stopc ni n cng vo low limit of position feedback signal . Cng ra c cu chp hnh s b cm khi MANUAL ACTUATING SIGNALS ON X l tn hiu chp hnh chuyn sang ch bng tay qua cng vo manual actuating signals on ACTUATING SIGNALS UP Tn hiu ra QLMNUP c thit lp qua cng vo actuating signals up vi cc tn hiu chp hnh bng tay ACTUATING SIGNALS DOWN Tn hiu ra QLMNDN c thit lp qua cng vo actuating signals down. Vi cc tn hiu chp hnh bng tay PROCESS VARIABLE PERIPHERAL ON Mun c cc tn hiu qu trnh t cc cng vo/ra th cng vo process variable peripheral on phi c gi tr logic 1(cho php c) SAMPLING TIME Khong thi gian gi cc ln gi khi phi khng c nh . Thi gian trch mu sampling time c thit lp qua cng vo sampling time INTERNAL SETPOINT Tn hiu ch o c t qua cng vo internal setpoint PROCESS VARIABLE IN

LMNS_ON

BOOL

FALSE

LMNUP

BOOL

FALSE

LMNDN

BOOL

FALSE

PVPER_ON BOOL

FALSE

CYCLE

TIME

>= 1ms

T#1s

SP_INT

REAL

_100.0100.0 (%) or phys. value 1)

0.0

PV_IN

REAL -100.0...100.0 (%) hay phys.value 1) WORD

0.0

PV_PER

W#16#0000

PROCESS VARIABLE PERIPHERAL Bin qu trnh theo kiu biu din s nguyn c truyn trc tip t cng vo/ra tng t qua cng vo process variable peripheral

GAIN

REAL

2.0

PROPORTIONAL GAIN H s khuych i ca thut P c a v proportional gain RESET TIME Hng s thi gian ca lut tch phn I c t qua cng reset time DEAD BAND WIDTH vo dead Vng km nhy x l tn hiu sai lch. rng ca vng km nhy c t qua cng band width

TI

TIME

>= CYCLE

T#20s

DEADB_W REAL -100.0...100.0 (%) or phys. value 1) PV_FAC REAL

1.0

1.0

PV_OFF

REAL

0.0

PROCESS VARIABLE OFFSET Bin qu trnh c cng vi mt lng b cho ph hp vi phm vi qui nh ca bin ny. Gi tr b c chn thng qua cng vo process variable offset MINIMUM PULSE TIME Chu k pht xung nh nht c t qua cng vo minimum pulse time MINIMUM BREAK TIME Thi gian cm nh nht c t qua cng vo minimum break time MOTOR ACTUATING TIME Khong thi gian cn thit c cu chp hnh chuyn t gii hn dng ny sng gii hanh dng khc c t qua cng vo motor actuating time DISTURBANCE VARIABLE Khi iu khin h thng bng phng php feedforward th mt gi tr b nhiu c t thng qua cng vo disturbance variable.

PULSE_TM TIME

>= CYCLE

T#3s

BREAK_T M MTR_TM

TIME

>= CYCLE

T#3s

TIME

>= CYCLE

T#30s

DISV

REAL

-100.0..100.0 (%) or phys. value 2)

0.0

Tham bin chnh thc u ra:


Bin Kiu liu d Tm hat ng Mc nh M t

QLMNUP

BOOL

FALSE

ACTUATING SIGNAL UP C cu chp hnh van c m khi cng ra actuating signal up c set ACTUATING SIGNAL DOWN C cu chp hnh van c ng khi cng ra actuating signal down set PROCESS VARIABLE Bin qu trnh c th c xut qua cng process variable ERROR SIGNAL Tn hiu sai lch c th c xut qua cng error signal

QLMNDN

BOOL

FALSE

PV

REAL

0.0

ER

REAL

0.0

III.

KHI TO HM XUNG FB43 PULSEGEN

1.Gii thiu FB43 Khi hm FB43 c s dng to mt b iu khin PID vi xung u ra cho c cu chp hnh kiu t l. 2.ng dng ca FB43 FB43 c tc dng h tr vic thit k mt b iu khin PID 2 hay 3 v tr vi b to xung theo nguyn tc iu bin 3.M t FB43 FB43 thng c s dng vi FB41 to ra mt b iu khin vi u ra tn hiu dng xung.N bin i bin vo INV dng s thc (thng l u ra LMN ca module mm PID) thnh mt dy xung vi chu k c nh tng ng vi chu k thi gian m bin vo c update v gi tr chu k ny cn c gn ti PER_TM. rng xung ca mi chu k t l vi bin u vo.Chu k gn cho PER_PM khng c ng nht vi chu k c gi ca FBPULSEGEN.Khong thi gian PER_TM c to thnh bng vi chu k FB43,nh s ln FB43 c gi mi chu k PER_TM l thc o chnh xc ca khong thi gian iu ch xung.

Mt gi tr u vo INV=30 tc bng 30% v 10 FB PULSEGEN gi mi PER_PM ngha l: 1 cng ra QPOS cho 3 ln gi u ca FB43(30% ca 10) 0 cng ra QPOS cho 7 ln gi sau ca FB43(70% ca 10) S ca FB43 PULSEGEN

a. chnh xc ca bin thao tc(Accuracy of the Manipulated Value): Vi t l ly mu l 1:10(CONT_C gi PULSEGEN) chnh xc ca gi tr bin thao tc v d trn b hn ch ti 10% .Trong cc trng hp khc s thit lp gi tr u vo INV ch c th c m phng bng rng xung cng ra QPOS trong nhng bc bng 10% . chnh xc s tng ln nu s ln FB43 c gi mi ln FB41 c gi tng ln.Nu FB43 c gi,v d hn 100 ln so vi CONT_C,th chnh xc ca gi tr bin thao tc s l 1%. Ch :Tn s gi cn phi c lp trnh bi ngi s dng b. S ng b ha t ng (Automatic Sychronization) Ta c kh nng ng b ha xung u ra vi khi m update bin u vo INV (vi d CONT_C).iu ny m bo mt s thay i bin u vo s to ra mt s thay i nhanh nht xung u ra . My pht xung nh ra gi tr u ra INV ti khong dng tng ng ti khong thi gian PER_TM v chuyn i gi tr thnh tn hiu xung vi chiu di tng ng . Tuy nhin,INV thng c tnh ton trong mt lp chu k ngt chm hn.Khi to xung ln bt u s chuyn i gi tr ri rc thnh mt tn hiu xung cng sm cng tt sau khi INV c update. cho php iu ny,khi cn ng b ha thi im bt u,s dng cc th tc sau: Nu INV thay i v nu nh khi c gi khng phi l ln u tin hay hai ln gi cui trong ton chu k, s ng b s c tin hnh. rng xung c tnh ton li v chu k k tip l u ra vi chu k mi.

Qu trnh t ng b ha c th khng c dng nu SYN_ON c thit lp gi tr FALSE Ch :Vi bt u ca mt chu k mi,gi tr c ca INV c m phng chnh xc trong tn hiu xung nhiu hn hay t hn ty theo s ng b . c.Ch hot ng Ty thuc vo tham s gn cho my pht xung,b iu khin PID vi three step control ra hay vi mt lng cc (bipolar) hay n cc (monopolar)-2 trng thi c th c nh hnh. Bng sau minh ha nhng s kt hp cc cng tc chuyn mch ng vi cc ch khc nhau.

Bng 1.1. Kt hp cng tc chuyn mch Ch T h ree S tep Controll (iu k h in 3 v tr): ch three step control tn hiu chp hnh c th thng qua 3 trng thi.Gi tr nh phn ca tn hiu u ra QPOS_P v QNEG_P c gn cho statuses (tnh trng) ca c cu chp hnh. Bng sau cho thy mt v d v iu khin nhit

Bng 1.2. V d v iu khin nhit Da trn bin u ra,mt ng biu c tnh c s dng tnh rng xung.Dng ca biu c xc nh bng rng xung nh nht hay gi tr nh nht ca thi gian cm v tha s t l.Gi tr thng thng ca tha s ny l 1.Ch ngot gp trn biu gy ra bi rng xung nh nht hoc thi gian cm nh nht.

Minimum Pulse or Minimum Break Time Nu ta gn ng rng xung nh nht hoc khong thi gian cm nh nht P_B_TM ta c th ngn chn s ln bt/tt thiu qua gim i sng lm vic ca nhng s chuyn i c bn ca c cu chp hnh. Ch : Gi tr tuyt i nh ti bin u vo LMN c th pht ra xung c rng ngn hn P_B_TM v b chn.Gi tr ln pht ra xung c rng di hn (PER_M-P_B_TM) s c thit lp l 100% hay -100% rng xung dng hay m c tnh ton bng nhn gi tr u vo ( dng %) vi khong PER_TM

Hnh trn l biu c tnh i xng ca Three Step Controller (tha s t l bng 1) iu khin 3 v tr khng i xng : Ta s dng tha s t l RATIOFAC,t l gia rng xung dng v m c th c thay i .V d trong qu trnh nhit iu ny cho php s sai khc gia hng s thi gian h thng c nh cho qu trnh lm nng hay lm mt Tha s t l cng nh hng n rng xung nh nht hay thi gian cm Mt tha s t l <1 c ngha l gi tr gii hn cho xung m c nhn vi tha s .

Nu Ratio Factor < 1 rng xung u ra xung m c tnh t bin u vo bi PER_TM v c gim i bng h s t l ratio factor theo cng thc:

8/7/2009

Biu khng i xng trn th hin biu ca Three Step Controller vi h s Ratio factor =0.5 Nu Ratio Factor >1 rng xung u ra xung dng c tnh t bin u vo bi PER_TM c gim i bng h s t l ratio factor theo cng thc

Ch T w o S tep con trol(iu k h in 2 v tr): Trong ch two_step control,ch c xung dng u ra QPOS_P ca PULSEGEN l c ni iu chnh trng thi bt/tt ca c cu chp hnh.Ph thuc vo khong gi tr ca bin thao tc ang c s dng,b iu khin 2 v tr c mt khong gi tr bin thao tc 2 cc(bipolar) hay mt cc (monopolar)

Nu gi tr u vo di dng % to ra xung c rng ln hn PER_TM-P_B_TM th ng vi cc gi tr u vo trong khong x2% 100% rng xung c gn l PER_TM v ta c Continous On(lin tc m) Nu gi tr u vo di dng % to ra xung c rng nh hn P_B_TM th ng vi cc gi tr u vo trong khong -100% -x1% rng xung c gn l 0 v ta c Continous OFF(lin tc ng)

Tn hiu u ra ph nh c th tm c ti cng QNEG_P nu nh s kt ni ca b iu khin 2 v tr trong vng iu khin yu cu mt tn hiu nh phn o ngc hp logic cho s vn hnh xung.

Ch bng tay trong iu khin 2/3 v tr Trong ch vn hnh bng tay (MAN_ON =TRUE),u ra nh phn ca iu khin 2 hay 3 v tr c th c thit lp s dng tn hiu POS_P_ON v NEG_P_ON bt chp tn hiu INV

Bng 1.3.Ch iu khin 2 v 3 v tr trong manual mode Complete restart/Restart Trong sut qu trnh khi ng li hon ton,ton b tn hiu ra c gn gi tr bng 0 Bo li trong FB43 Ging nh FB41.Khi ny khng c kh nng t kim tra li.Tham s u ra RET_VAL khng c s dng S KHI V THAM S CA FB43 PULSEGE N Tham bin hnh thc u vo

Tham s INV PER_TM

Kiu d liu REAL TIME

Khong gi tr -100.0..100% 20CYCLE

Mc nh 0.0 T#1s

M t Mt ga tr bin thao tc dng tng t c ni ti tham s INPUT VARIABLE Mt khong thi gian iu ch rng xung c nh l u tham s u vo vi PERIOD TIME.N tng ng vi thi gian ly mu ca b iu khin.T l gia thi gian ly mu ca my pht xung v b iu khin xc nh chnh xc ca s iu ch xung. Mt gi tr thi gian xung nh nht hoc thi gian cm nh nht

P_B_TM

TIME

CYCLE

T#50ms

RATIOFC

REAL

0.110

1.0

STEP3_ON

BOOL

TRUE

ST2BI_ON

BOOL

FALSE

MAN_ON POS_P_ON

BOOL BOOL

FALSE FALSE

NEG_P_ON

BOOL

FALSE

SYN_ON

BOOL

TRUE

c th gn ti cng P_B_TM ny Tham s u vo RATIOFC c th s dng thay i t l gia rng xung m hay dng Trong qu trnh nhit iu ny cho php s sai khc hng s thi gian ca qu trnh lm nng hay lm mt. Tham s u vo three step control on kch hot ch ny.Trong ch three step control c 2 tn hiu u ra c tch cc Vi tham s vo two step control for bipolar manilulated value range on ta c th chn gia 2 ch two step control for bipolar manilulated value range v two step control for monpolar manilulated value range Tham s STEP3_ON cn c gn gi tr FALSE Bng cch thit lp tham s manual mode on tham s u ra c th thit lp bng tay. ch bng tay vi three step control,tn hiu u ra QPOS_P c th c thit lp ti tham s u vo positive pulse on Trong ch lm vic bng tay vi two step control QNEG_P lun lun c thit lp tri ngc vi QPOS_P ch bng tay vi three step control,tn hiu u ra QPOS_P c th c thit lp ti tham s u vo negative pulse on Trong ch lm vic bng tay vi two step control QNEG_P lun lun c thit lp tri ngc vi QPOS_P Bng vic thit lp u vo Sychronization onta s thit lp c ch ng b ha t ng vi khi m UPDATE bin

u vo INV.iu nu bo m rng mt s thay i bin vo s dn n dn n mt s thay i cng nhanh cng tt u ra dng xung. COM_RT BOOL FALSE Khi s c khi to li hon ton nu nu complete restart c thit lp CYCLE TIME >=1ms T#10ms Khong thi gian gia cc ln gi khi cn l hng s.Tham s SAMPLING TIME xc nh r hng s Ch : Gi tr ca tham s vo khng b gii hn bn trong khi.Khng c tham s kim tra Tham bin u ra Tham s QPOS_P Kiu d liu BOOL Khong gi tr Mc nh FALSE M t Tham s u ra output positive pulse c thit lp khi m mt xung l u ra.Trong ch three step control N lun lun l xung dng Trong ch two step control QNEG_P lun lun c thit lp ngc vi QPOS_P Tham s u ra output negative pulse c thit lp khi m mt xung l u ra.Trong ch three step control N lun lun l xung m.Trong ch two step control QNEG_P lun lun c thit lp ngc vi QPOS_P

QNEG_P

BOOL

FALSE

IV.

FB58 TCONT_CP - "PID Temperature Control"

FB58 c dng iu khin nhit ca qu trnh lin tc hay tn hiu xung iu khin. C th khai bo cho php hay khng cho php b iu khin PID. Nhng thng s c th c khai bo theo h tr c sn trong S7-300 theo cch Start > Simatic > Documentation > English > PID Temperature Control. im t ( Setpoint): Setpoint c a vo SP_INT theo kiu s thc du chm ng (s thc real) La chn ch hot ng (PV_PER ON): True: c gi tr t cc thit b I/O (PIWxxx) a vo PV_PER False: c gi tr theo gi tr t c a vo PV_IN Chuyn i gi tr theo nh dng CRP_IN (PER_MODE): Hm CRP_IN chuyn i cc gi tr ngoi vi PV_PER sang s thc da vo ch chuyn ca PER_MODE PER_MODE 0 1 2 Ng ra ca CRP_IN PV_PER*0.1 Tn hiu Analog t vo Thermoelements; PT100/NI100; standard PV_PER*0.01 PT100/NI100; kh hu PV_PER*100/27648 Voltage/Current n v C; F C; F %

Qu trnh bnh thng ha gi tr PV_NORM (PF_FAC, PV_OFFS) : Hm PV_NORM tnh tan ng ra ca CRP_IN theo cng thc sau: Ng ra ca PV_NORM = Ng ra ca CRP_IN * PF_FAC + PV_OFFS Trong : PF_FAC l h s, PV_OFFS l gi tr offset c tnh theo cng thc sau y: PV_FAC = Tm o PV_NORM / Tm o CRP_IN PV_OFFS = LL(PV_NORM) PV_FAC*LL(CRP_IN) (LL: gi tr cn di) Gi tr mc inh ca PV_FAC =1 v PV_OFFS =0. Ng ra ca qu trnh s l PV. Vng cht (DEADB_ W): Vng cht s b tt khi DEADB_W =0.0, li c pht sinh bi tham s ER

Gii thut PID: Nu t TI=0.0 v TD=0.0 th ch c iu khin thun P

LMN_Sum(t) ER(0) GAIN TD TI D_F

: Bin ca b iu khin : Bc chuyn i cc bnh thng ha sai s : li : Thi gian tch phn : Thi gian o hm : H s tch phn

o hm (TI, I_ITL_ON, I_ITLVAL): Trong ch bng tay LMN_I = LMN LMN_P DISV. Nu gi tr vt qu gii hn th ngng o hm, nu sai s gim v nm trong vng cho php th li cho o hm tip. Qu trnh o hm s ngng khi khai bo TI=0.0 Hm t l P s yu i khi setpoint bi thay i (PFAC_SP) ngn vt l, c th gim khu t l P bng cch s dng cch thay i t l gi tr t vo. S dng PFAC_SP c th quyt nh hiu qa ca P khi setpoint thay i: PFAC_SP =1.0 : s nh hng khi setpoint thay i PFAC_SP = 0.0: khng thay i khi setpoint thay i Ta c th b hot ng ca P bng hot ng ca I Tch phn (TD. D_F) Tch phn s b tt khi TD=0.0 Tch phn s hot ng theo cng thc: TD =0.5*Cycle*D_F Tham s ca b iu khin P & PD ti im lm vc Nu khng s dng o hm th cho TI=0.0 v cng nh vi tch phn TD=0.0. Khai bo theo thng s sau:

I_ITL_ON = TRUE I_ITLVAL = im lm vic Tnh ton cc bin c khai bo:

Vng iu khin ( control zone (CONZ_ON, CON_ZONE)) Nu CONZ_ON =TRUE th lut iu khin hot ng trong vng iu khin Nu PV > SP_INT trong vng CON_ZONE, gi tr LMN_LLM l ng ra ca cc bin thao tc (iu khin vng kn) Nu PV < SP_INT trong vng CON_ZONE, gi tr LMN_HLM l ng ra ca cc bin thao tc (iu khin vng kn) Nu PV nm trong vng CON_ZONE, cc bin thao tc c ly theo lut iu khin PID

Cc bin bnh thng ha(Manipulated Variable Normalization LMN_NORM (LMN_FAC, LMN_OFFS)) LMN = LmnN * LMN_FAC + LMN_OFFS LMN_PER = LMN * 27648/100 Lu gi li cc thng s (Saving and Reloading Controller Parameters)

B lu gi thng s: Nu cc thng s qu trnh c thit lp cho php x dng, ta c th lu gi n li trc khi n b thay i. Nu iu chnh b iu khin, vic lu cc thng s c s c ghi trc khi qu trnh hiu chnh xy ra. PFAC_SP, GAIN, TI, TD, D_F, CONZ_ON v CONZONE s c lu trong PAR_SAVE. Ti cc thng s iu khin c lu (Reloading Saved Controller Parameters UNDO_PAR) Cc thng s iu khin c lu gi sau cng s c s dng li trong b iu khn bng tay. S chuyn i gia thng s PID v PI ( Changing Between PI and PID Parameters LOAD_PID (PID_ON) Cc thng s ca PI v PID c lu gi trong PI_ON v PID_ON. Da vo PID_ON c th s dng LOAD_PID trong ch s dng thng s PI hay PID gy nh hng ti b iu khin.

Lu : Thng s b iu khin ch c ghi tr li b iu khin vi UNDO_PAR v LOAD_PID khi li ca b iu khin bng 0. Vi LOAD_PID th vng iu khin s c tnh ton li: CON_ZONE = 250/GAIN ngay c khi CONZ_ON =FALSE. Cc khai bo thng s c th tham kho trong phn help ca FB58 "TCONT_CP"

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