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T VN ............................................................................................................2 1. TNG QUAN V BAO B ...................................................................................4 1.1. nh ngha bao b ............................................................................................4 c c a bao b h c ph ......................................................................4

1.3. Phn loi bao b th c ph m ...........................................................................7 2. GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK .................................................................18 2.1. 2.2. Lch s hnh thnh bao b tetrapak .........................................................18 Khi nim bao b Tetrapak (Tetrabrik) ..................................................19 C c bao b Te a pa ........................................................................20 c a bao b e apa .....................................................39

Thnh ph n c a bao b Te a Pa .....................................................................20 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. Phng php ng gi bao b Te apa ..................................................32 Nhc i ng d ng c a bao b Te a Pa ..................................................................40 2.7 Ti ch bao b gi ........................................................................................41

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T VN o ng y ng qu n tr ng i vi hng ha ni chung, thc phm ni ring.

Bao b chim t l khng nh trong u gi thnh sn phm. Bao b thc phm phi p ng cc yu cu sau: Thun li cho vi c tip tc mt s h i, hp,) Bo v c nguyn trng thc phm c cha bn trong khi vn chuyn, bo qun. Ti n dng v hp dn ngi ti u ng. ng on k thut sau khi cho sn phm vo bn trong bao b: thanh trng Pasteur, ti t trng (bia, nc ung ng

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i sng cng cao, hng ha tiu dng cng nhiu, mc chi ph cho cc loi bao ng ln. Hi n nay, vi nhiu phng php ng gi v nhiu loi vt li u bao b to n n V o ng v chng loi bao p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca x hi. Tetr P k r i nh l mt phng ti n hu hi u, ph hp vi

nhiu ch tiu cho nhng sn phm nh sa, n tri y, ng thi vn gi c cht lng ca sn phm. Mang li nhiu li ch v sc kho ho ngi tiu dng.

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1 TNG QUAN V BAO B 1. nh ngha bao b Bao b l loi vt dng bao, gi, gi, ch ng mt loi sn phm, tr gip trong vi c vn chuyn v lu tr. Bao b phi m bo cht lng cho sn phm, c th phn phi, lu kho, kim tr v thng mi mt cch thun li. C th ni l bao b thc phm c yu cu mt cch nghim khc v cu to v cht lng thng tin (cu to gn lin vi phng php ng Theo 1 kha cnh kh ngi t ng nh ngh o o ). nh s u: Bao b l vt

ch ng, bao b c thc phm th nh n v bn. Bao b c th c nhiu lp bao b c, c th ph kn hon ton hay ch bao b c mt phn ca sn phm. n Chi ph bnh qun / u n i cho cc loi bao b ca mt s nc (USD/n i, 1988) Vt li u bao b Nha do Giy Giy ba Carton Thp Nhm Thy tinh Tng cng c Brazil 2.5 2.2 6.9 1.8 4.3 0.2 4.4 22.3 M 11 19 70 33 30 4 47 214 Php 11 14 29 11 10 1 39 115 Ty c 13 14 23 12 8 1.5 41 112.5 8 15 18 7 7 0.7 28 83.7 H Lan 11 22 28 12 17 1.2 34 125.2 Anh 8 14 24 12 18 1 35 112

c a bao b h c ph

y hnh l s kt hp phc tp ca cc biu tng, th ng tin c mt cng ty s dng nh u hi u nhn bit sn phm ca mnh. Ngoi ra, bao b cn mang ngh th yu na l c th gip ngi ti u ng x nh ngun gc hng ha hay dch v. Quy ch thng mi trn lnh th hu u quy nh, bn cnh nhn hi u hng ho, thit k bao b cn phi miu t bn cht, ni dung, thnh phn v hng GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK 4

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v sn phm, t n v a ch lin h ca hng sn xut.

hu u ng nh nhiu

nc khc trn th gii lun coi bao b l mt sn phm tr tu c php lut cng nhn v bo v . Bao b khng ch c tc dng bo v sn phm m n ng v i tr qu n tr ng trong vi c xc tin sn phm, xt t g kinh doanh. Hnh nh thit k trn bao c php lut bo v , trnh trng hp b i th cnh tranh sao chp hay lm gi sn phm. l h nng o v . Cn vi ch nng x tin, bao b c tc dng thu ht khch hng v to r nt trng h y phong h ri ng ho sn phm. Mt sn phm, nu gt hi thnh cng nht nh ti mt th trng, th cng vi o , sn phm s khng my kh khn chinh ph ngi tiu dng ti nhng th trng khc. Nhn ra tm quan tr ng ca bao b sn phm, ngy nay, cc cng ty lun ch n qu trnh thit k v kim tr Anh, th hi n 4 trng tr n o o , m phng php ph bin hn thng c cc cng ty p dng cho sn phm ca mnh l VIEW- vit tt ca 4 t ting sn phm.

1.2.1. S r rng Bao b phi lm cho sn phm c th c phn bi t d ng i vi sn phm c i th cnh tranh. Ngoi ra, bao b ca bt k sn phm n o ng kh ng c php trng lp vi bao b ca sn phm kh mt trn th trng.

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1.2.2. Cung cp nhiu thng tin Bao b phi th hi n c thng tin ti v bn cht sn phm, chng hn nh tn sn phm, tr ng lng, ngy sn xut, thnh phn, iu ki n bo qun, hng dn s dng... y l nhng thng tin quan tr ng m khch hng lun mun tm hiu bit k hn v sn phm h nh mua.

1.2.3. Tc ng v mt cm xc Kiu dng bao b phi to n tng v l m kh h h ng h tr ti n n nhng sn phm o hung. Khch hng s p, nhiu mu sc, tao nh hay pha

ht g o, l mt. Sc ht ca bao b th hi n im ny: n lm cho sn phm c tnh cnh tr nh hn v hp dn hn i vi ngi tiu dng. 1.2.4. Gi tr s d ng Ch nng a bao b l va phi bo v sn phm va phi hu ch sau khi sn phm c s dng xong. sn phm ng l l vt i nhn l o o o i khi kh h h ng m thy tic, nu s dng xong rt p v chc chn ca sn phm . Nguy n ng nng kh . Gi tr s y.

kh ng c thit k dnh cho nhng

dng ca bao b th hi n ch n c th c s dng vo nhiu m h kh nh ng th n, ung, gi , lt nn, v thm ch c th c trng Yu t ngn ng ng n sn phm. Tu theo tng th trng ti mi quc gia c th m ng ty c bi t ch tr ng khi thit k bao b ng ty ra chnh

sch v ngn ng cho ph hp. V d i vi sn phm bn c, bao b phi in ting c, sn phm bn Canada, bao b phi in song ng Anh v Php, sn phm bn an mch v mt v i nc Chu u khc th bao b ch cn in ting Anh l GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK 6

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. Hi n n y,

ng n ng ng n tr nn ph bin i vi khch hng tiu

dng. Hng Kellogg ca in 10 th ting trn v bao sn phm mm ca mnh. S lng sn phm ng gi nh th trng Nht, mi o n trong o ng kh qu n tr ng v th y i tu thuc vo nhng s thch khc nhau c ngi tiu dng. Chng hn kh ng n n gi 4 n v sn phm, v t four ting Anh s c pht m gn ging nh t ht trong ting Nht. Hp bnh quy M cn cn c thm cc bao b ph b c tng gi nh trong hp bnh, trong khi cc th trng khc ch cn mt bao b gi chung tt c l . 1.3 Phn oi bao b h c ph 1.3.1. Theo vt li h bao b c chia thnh 4 loi: bao b th y tinh, bao

b kim loi, bao b cht do, bao b giy 1.3.1.1. Bao b thy tinh Bao b thy tinh l loi bao b cha thc phm t x , h sau da th, g, t nung. T u th k, vi c sn xut chai, l thy tinh u t v o gii ha v t ng ha.

nh i c a bao b h inh

Chai

inh

Ngun nguyn li u t nhin phong ph Ti sinh d dng khng gy nhim m i trng. Dn nhi t rt km Ti s dng nhiu ln Trong sut 7

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t b n m n h h c Cch to h nh ng, phong ph inh

Thi gian bo qun thc phm lu c a bao b h

Nhc i -

D v, nng Khng th in, ghi nhn trc tip . Do trong sut nn cc cht mn cm nh sng, c th gy ra nhng phn ng

ho h c v thay i nhng yu t t nhin trong sn phm.

nh 1.2 Bao b h

inh ho n ch nh

n 1.2 Hm ln st cho php tron cc loi thu tinh theo cn dn Thu tinh Thu tinh qu ng h (ph l ) Thu tinh y t Knh t o p m lng oxit st (%) 0,012 0,2 0,1 0,025 0,3

h i l thu tinh

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n 1.3: Cc cht nhum mu ht nhum m u phn t Mn (Mn2O3) Co Cr (Cr2O3,K2Cr2O7) Ni M u s thu tinh Tm xanh L v ng Kh ng r r ng, tu h m lng v th nh phn thu tinh( ho m u khi, tm )

Fe2+

Vng, hung, Fe3+ cho mu xanh l cy

Cu

Xanh lam

ng d ng c a bao b h Nc p tri cy Cc loi mt Ru mi

inh

nh 1.3

n ph

ng d ng bao b i

oi

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1.3.1.2. Bao b kim loi Trong nhm kim loi c s dng cho bao b c st trng, st en (chrome hrome h ) v nh m. Trong hp, 80% dng bao b st trng, 20% cn li gm bao b nhm (tht m, p te,), thy tinh (th n tr em, tri y,). Nc ung g s, eer, ngo i c cha trong chai thy tinh, en. n ng hp nhm, st

nh 1.4 c tnh: Nh m bo kn Chng nh sng, tia cc tm

p i

oi

Chu nhi t cao v kh nng truyn nhi t cao An to n m i trng

Phn loi theo vt liu bao b: Bao b kim loi thp trng thic (c hoc khng trng vecni) Bao b kim loi nhm (Al) Bao b kim loi thp m crm

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n 1.4 Ch ti u c Ch i -Mu - trong - nht ( Z-4 25oC) o theo nht k Z - mn -Thi gi n s y - o - hu p

loi vecni Vecni ch ng ch a Vng nu Trong sut 20-30s Kh ng tp ht 45ph/178-180oC hu un gp tr n ming st dy 1mm hu vt ri 1kg t o 50 m i n t h tip x 80mm m khng trc Tng t Vecni ch ng Trng tro N trong sut 50-70s

<25m 30ph/160-170oC Tng t

- n ho h

Vn tt trong ung h i xeti 3% un s i trong 2h

Vn tt trong ung h Na2S.9H2O 1% un s i trong 2h hay 121oC trong 30pht.

ng d ng c a bao b i -

oi

Sn phm nc tri cy Thc phm kh: nho kh, bt tri y Tri y ngm ng

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nh 1.5 1.3.1.3. Bao b plastic

ng d ng c a bao b i

oi

Nguyn li u sn xut plastic l ngun hydrocacbon t du ha . Cng ngh bao b plastic pht trin nh nh, ng, phong ph.

nh im: -

Cc dng bao b p a ic

Khng mi, khng v, mm do C loi cng vng cao, chng va chm h c, chng thm kh C th trong sut hoc m c C loi chu c nhi t thanh trng hoc lnh ng. In n d dng Nh im: nhim m i trng Chi ph ti sinh mt s loi plastic ln cao 12

Khuy -

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Phn oi bao b P a ic Homopolymer: cu to t mt loi monomer VD: PE, PP, OPP, PET, PVA Copolymer: cu to t hai loi monomer VD: EVA,EVO Terpolymer: cu to t ba loi monomer

nh 1.7 Bao b P a ic

nh 1.8 Bao b

nh a PET

nh 1.9 Bao b GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK

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1.3.1.4. giy th tr , o

giy s ng rng ri trong ng ngh o . o

Ng y n y, giy v giy

ng trong ng gi loi th phm nh:

sn phm kh : lng th , loi nh nh nh is uit, nh m , ph , ng, t, Th phm ng lnh, th phm gi lnh v kem. Th phm ng lng: n tri y, s v ho ol te v sn phm t ng. Th n nh nh. Th phm ti: tri y, r u, tht . giy p ng y u u v o gi (prim ry p ks), tr v phn sn phm t s .

phi(se on ry p k ging). iy v giy nh ngh l vt li u ng tm u to t mt mng li nhng tnh ht vt l nhiu loi giy v giy , o gi. si ellulose t th vt. hng th in v trng o s ng rng ri trong

kh nh u v mt, h v nhiu tnh ht kh tu thu v o loi si, lng si s ng ng nh phng php x l si trong qu tr nh l m giy. iy v giy (p per n p per o r ) th phn loi tr n y, mu s , h y khi lng vt li u (th hi n qu khi lng tr n mt n v i n tch). Theo ISO (Intern tion l St n r Org nis tion), nhng vt li u khi lng > 250g/m2 (hay 51 lbs/1000ft2) g i l giy o loi giy v giy ngo i, s ung trong i o gi nh: ph , o giy, giy gi . y. Mt v i giy s ng rng ri, t giy l (tissue) n giy ng trong ng gi tr ,

- Ti giy, giy l p giy nhiu lp.

o ng ng t, p giy ng, th ng iy n sng. p giy h nh tr. 14 rton.

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p ng ht lng. iy v giy s ng trong mt khong nhi t rng, t th phm o h l m ng giy y hi

ng lnh n th phm th hm li trong l vi sng. Khi tip x tr tip vi nhiu loi th phm, thm n , ung m i hu , ht o, loi kh nh O2, CO2, pl sti , nh m, sp, i i th nh thp. th kt hp vi nhiu loi vt li u kh v nh gi l min te. Nh. hu khong nhi t rng. nhiu hng loi p ng y u u ht lng kh nh u. Trung tnh vi th phm. kh nng ti s ng o.

ht m i. th i thi n tnh ht n y giy ng h trng th m lp

Nhc i Kh ng n vi t ng h . Kh nng hng m kh ng Kh lm kn. th tn ng i n tr ng v vi sinh vt. o.

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nh 1.10 Bao b gi

nh 1.11 Bao b Te a Pa 1.3 heo cch n i th t c dn b o b th c ph m tong. Bao b gin i p ng hp th nh phm, to th nh ki n h ng, thng l nhng th ng g kn h y n ng th , h m

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nh Bao b

Bao g gin i p ng vi th phm to th nh mt n o hp.

c i p tip x vi th phm, o

v sn phm h ng ho ho n hnh v thng nht, thng g i l Trong nhm n y, n theo vt li u kim loi, o thu tinh, o - Th ng g o v o o ng ng ng ht tr ng hp, hu o

, ngi t li hi r l m loi: bao b ghp nhiu lp

n h phm ho mt s th nh phn nh , r u qu sunfit ho, thu loi tnh ht gin tip, v v tip x vi th

loi th phm mui mn, mui hu , tnh ht tr tip, v o n ngo i. phm v l -

kim loi (nh m, st en, st trng) u im l nh, truyn nhi t tt, km, h y g v n m n. thu tinh th n vng v mt ho h , h nh th p, nhng nh ng nhi t . o kim loi, trong h yu i t h tr ng. o, loi kh ng hu

n l tt, nhng n ho h -

im n l nng, v v truyn nhi t km. ht tr ng hp loi hu t iy i h i nn y o nhi t th nh tr ng, u im l nh, gi ng ng th phm kh ho hp ph in nht vn l s ng o ng l m ng, r tin.

l st trng; hp nh m ng ng pht trin. n m k ngh luy n kim v t thp h pht trin th vi thu tinh o Tuy gn n y ht tr ng hp mi h hp l o thu tinh ng o th phm, nhng nhiu tong ln sng, 17

trin v ng. Theo xu th hung th gii, ngi t ng nghi n u th y n mt ht tr ng hp, g ng

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giy i ng ng ht tr ng hp o, kim loi ng ht tr ng hp ng ho o.

nh 1.13 Bao b

c i p

2. GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK 2.1. Lch s hnh thnh bao b tetrapak

nh

R ben Ra ing

h y hn 60 nm, Ru en R using mt pht minh k di u v c coi l mt cuc cch mng i vi ngnh giy ng nh ng nh thc phm. Ln u tin trn th gii xut hi n nhng hp giy carton Tetra Pak c th ng c sa, nc ung v thc phm.

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Ruben Rausing tn tht l R u An ers. ng sinh nm 1895 ti lng Raus, nm pha Nam Thu in v sau ny ly tn h ca mnh theo tn qu ng. Ti M, Ruben Rausing nhn thy rng ngi ta s dng hp carton rt nhiu. Trong trung tm thng mi, siu th, s hng ho tiu dng, k c go m, kho i ty v r u u ng trong nhng hp carton. Ngay c nhiu ung nh s , nc ng t, tuy ng h i thu tinh h y h i nh m nhng ng trong hp giy cho d xp v d vn chuyn. S nhy cm tuy t vi ca Ruben Rausing cng vi vi cng nghi p giy ng rt pht trin Thu in th i th Rausing quyt nh quay v Thu ngh ng y n ng h nh ng. Sau ng vi mt

mt thi gian tm ti, nghin cu cc nh my bao b carton ti M, Ruben in lp nghi p. Nm 1929, o ngi bn, R using lp ra mt nh my sn xut rton u tin. Cc sn

phm ca ng vn ch l nhng hp giy th ng thng ng kh. Vi cc mt hng thc phm v nht l sa, pho mt lng v nc ung th bao b carton vn kh ng p ng y u u. Ruben Rausing b ra nhiu cng s ci tin bao b c m nh. Nhng ng vn h ngh g hn. ho n mt ngy, mt tng di u k t ng xut hi n ti phng bp ca nh ng b Ru en R using. Khi lo l n ngh l m o Ru en R using ng t lm xc xch. Nhn v nhi tht rton m ng kh ng thm nc. vo chic v rut ln mng tang khng thm n , trong u Ru en R using u tin Ruben Rausing thnh cng vi vi c sn xut giy cun c trng nilon mng chng thm nc. Sau ny ng cn ci tin bng cch thm mt lp giy nhm vo gia lp nilon v lp giy carton. Nh nh sng v nhi t kh tc ng hn, sn phm sa c th bo qun c tt hn, lu hn. Nm 1951, hic hp Tetra Pak ln u ti n r i v ng sa v vng sa. 2.2. Khi nim bao b Tetrapak (Tetrabrik) o Tetr p k ng gi thc phm v o theo phng php Tetr p k l loi bao b mng ghp rt nh nhm m h v tr ng, m bo cht lng ti nguyn n u cho sn phm gi u inh ng v vitamin t ngun nguyn li u. Bao b GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK 19 k h thc nh chuyn

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nh, c tnh bo v m i trng, ti n ch cho s dng, chuyn ch, phn phi v bo qun sn phm nhi t thng vi thi gian di.

Thnh ph n c a bao b Te a Pa Nhng lp giy ba v nha (75%) Polyethylene (20%) Lp l nhm siu mng (5%) Cc loi vt li u n y c p mt h kho lo to thnh mt cu trc c bao b Te a pa

bn vng. 2.3. C

Hnh 2.2: c try x . HDPE Cu trc: GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK

o bao b e a-pak n trong ng giy v trnh

- Lp 1: m ng DPE hng thm n , o v lp in

20

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DPE ( ight Density Polyethylene) c cu to bi s cc chui polyethylene thng c sp xp song song, mch thng ca monomer c nhnh rt ngn v s nhnh khng nhiu. Tnh cht: - HDPE c tnh vng cao, trong sut nhng c m m bn nhi t o hn LDPE, bng b mt khng cao, c th ch to th nh m ng c do c ph gia TiO2 kh nng o hn LDPE, nhi t ha mm do l tnc = 1210C, nn c th lm bao ng lnh nh b thc phm p dng ch thanh trng Pasteur, hoc lm b o thy sn: tmin = -460C, t hn = 140 1800C. - Ngoi tnh cng vng chm, bn x u o DPE bn h c cao, sc bn ko, sc bn va o hn LDPE v LLDPE, nhng vn b ko dn, gy ph v cu

tr polyme i tc dng ca lc hoc ti tr ng cao. + Tnh chng thm n , hi nc tt. + Tnh chng thm cht bo (tt hn LDPE v LLDPE). + Tnh chng thm kh, hng (tt hn LDPE v LLDPE). + Kh nng in n tt (tt hn so vi LDPE v tng ng LLDPE). - Cng dng ca HDPE: + vi ng. + Ti x h cha cc loi vt, vt phm, lp bao b phm i. + Np ca mt s chai l thy tinh hoc plastic. GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK 21 ngo i vn chuyn vt DPE cng vng cao, tnh chng thm kh, hi kh tt, tnh bn h c y kh nh u m bo cng vng ca bao b theo khi lng cha cao nn dng lm vt ch ng nh th ng ( n h ng) c th tch 1-20 lt

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+ DPE thng khng lm bao b dnh ti bao gi thc phm chng oxy ha, lm chai l chng oxy ha cho sn phm, thc phm ho y 0,5mm + MDPE tnh nng trung gi n gia LDPE v HDPE. - Lp 2: giy in n: tr ng tr v in nhn. Giy ba + Giy ba l loi sn phm giy c bi t bao b khc nhau. Giy y v c dng trong sn xut cc loi y l loi giy mng ng ng gi th thng dy nh nht bng 0,254mm, ch to c phaamrkhi

n th cng cp nhiu hn so vi bo v giy in my tnh. hn so vi giy cactong lm thng. + Giy ba th c mt khp ni trong x hi ng y n y v

mt hng thng dng, hu ht l cc sn phm thc phm i v n dng ct v to hnh, c tr ng lng nh, chc chn v ph bin trong mt s cng nghi p nh l bao b.

im: Giy v sn phm bng giy da to thnh mt nguyn li u ng gi tuy t vi sa v cc sn phm sa. Giy chng m, rau giy da giy, giy glassine, giy trng sp, giy trng nha, tm giy, vn si rn, vn lt, bng hp, . giy t c s dng dng hp, ti, giy gi, hp, c ,.Li th ca vi c s dng giy l n c tr ng lng, kh nng in n trn b mt v s dng d dng, d to hnh. GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK 22

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Nhc im: d thm nc, rch, chi ph cao. - Lp 3: giy h . - Lp 4: m ng PE: lp keo kt nh gi lp giy cacton v mng nhm. Lp kt nh gi nh m v giy ton u to i PE ng tr ng hp l lp hng thm ph tr ho lp PE trong hng thm kh, hi v hi n tt. Cht k t dnh copolymer PE Cc loi PE ng trng hp (EVA, EVO , EAA, EBA, E A, E AA) Pl sti ng tr ng hp l s kt hp ng nht ca ethylene v cc monomer kh , c pht trin v c nhiu ng dng trong nhiu nm qu . Trong sn phm ny th t l PE thng cao v l thnh phn phi li u chnh. iu ki n to nn loi pl sti PE ng trng hp: cc monomer khc phi c s tng ng ha h c vi ethylene, phn ng trng hp c din ra iu ki n thch hp v ch xc tc, nhi t , thi gian, p sut. PE ng trng hp kt dnh cc loi vt li u li vi nhau. Tng lng cht kt dnh ca cc lp rt nh khong 15-20% khi lng mng chnh, chiu dy khong 3 . Cht kt nh thng ghp l nh m ngn n nh sng thy ng v lp m ng nh m mng; m ng nh m ton: to h nh ng hp, ng, i, hu ng nhng v hm

c hoc tia t ngoi. Lp PE ghp trong nng hu nhi t, chu lnh. EVA ng to kh nng h n n nhi t tt, d dng, c kh

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EVA l copolyme ng trng hp ca ethylen v vinyl acetat. Theo l thuyt th t l ca vinyl acetattrong copolyme c th trong khong 199%, nhng trong thc t sn phm thng mi thng c t l vinyl aceta (VA) trong khong thp hn 50%. Loi EVA c t l 21-50% VA th ng nh ht ph gia lm nn v cht kt nh. T l phi trn VA th y i c nh hng n tnh cht ca EVA. Mng EVA c th c sn xut theo phng php thi ho theo dy yu cu. Loi mng EVA c t l VA khong 7-8%th c tnh cht ging nh LDPE, nhng mng c c t l EVA khong 15-20% th c tnh cht kh ging vi PVC nhng o i hn c dng lm mng co. Tnh cht c m ng EVA th y i theo t l ca VA trong phn t nhng nh n chung nu so snh vi LDPE : o Nhi t hn ghp m thp hn. o o bn o hn. o Tnh chng thm kh v hi nc thp hn. tnh c n nh nhi t thng. o hn o Tnh cht trt ca EVA thp, tc h s ma st cao. o EVA c th hn bng nhi t nhng i hi nng lng PVC. o Kh nng in tt. o EVA d b h hng nhi t cao. Tm li, EVA im l tnh mm do cao, c nhi t hn ghp m thp hn so vi PE. V phng ti n hn dn th chng tt hn v i polyme kh . Khi EVA b h hng cu trc th khng gy nhim m i trng. Mt trong nhng hn ch c EVA l ma st cao, v th cn tng th m ht ph gia c t nhn trt to bng long b mt. EVOH (Ethylene vinyl ancohol EVAL) - C tnh chng thm oxy h , tng theo s tng h m lng vinyl ancohol. - C tnh thm nc. EAA (Ethylene acid acryclic) GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK 24

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- C kh nng m dnh cao nh nhm n m n thit b.

ryli , nhng ng thi ng tnh

- Loi EAA thng c ch to thnh mng mng 6-8g/m2, l m tng ht kt dnh gia cc loi plastic trong mng ghp. EBA (Ethylene butylacrylate) - C ng dng nh EVA, nhng tnh n nhi t cao. EMA (Ethylene methylacrylate) - Chu c nhi t kh cao. - Khng ht m. tnh m nh o lm lp keo dn gia cc lp plastic trong mng ghp (OPP, PVD ) EMAA (Ethylene methyl acid methacrylic surlyn) - Tnc EMAA < tnc LDPE. - Chng thm cht bo cao. - Tnh hn dn tt v nhi t hn thp hn LDPE. - Tnh bn Na+ hoc Zn2 - Lp 5: m ng nh m: ngn hn m, nh sng v kh tr. Mng Al + Nh m c dng dng l nhm ghp vi plastic m h hng thot hng, hng tia cc tm. Nhm c s dng lm bao b thc phm tinh khit t 99-98%. Nhm dng l c th y nh s u: 7, 9, 12, 15 v 18 . o. i c trung ha bi ion EMAA l nguyn li u sn xut ionomer, khi nhm

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+ L nh m thng c nhng l li ti: vi dy 7 dy 9 mt l nh m n 2mm2/m2 l nhm.

, c th c 800

/m2 l,

s c khong 200 l/m2. Tnh trung bnh tng di n tch l hng trn b

+ Do c tnh mm do, l nhm c th p st b mt thc phm, ngn n s tip xc vi khng kh, vi sinh vt, hi n . Do m ng nh m th h hp bo qun cc thc phm giu protein, giu cht bo chng s oxy ha bi O2 v ngn nga s tng m khin vi sinh vt khng th pht trin.

im: dn i n v nhi t tt, nng chy cao v sng bng, kn, chng nh sng, chng thot hi v s xm nhp hi nc v cc loi vi khun, vt li u chc chn v bn vng, d to dng, cn dt mng, quy trnh sn xut n gin. Nhc im: nhi t, khng linh hot, r st, t ng bi phn ng ha h c, gi thnh cao, tn nng lng khi ti ch. - Lp 6: Ionome: lp keo kt nh gi m ng nhm v mng PE trong cng. Cht k t dnh ionomer Cu trc: Ionomer l loi plastic m trong phn t polyme c cha nguyn t kim loi, to mi lin kt ngang gia cc mch polyme bng lin kt cng ha tr hoc lin kt ion. Bn cnh ng tn ti s lin kt gia cc ion kim loi v mt s nhm chc ca chui. Lin kt ion nng lng o hn li n kt khc trong chui polyme nn

chng s b sung mt s tnh cht mi cho polyme. GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK 26

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Surlyn A t n thng mi c ch to bi cng ty Du Pont ch to da trn s ca ethylene, c nhng tnh cht tng t nh polyethylene. Nhm tiu biu c tm thy ch 2,8% N nguyn t C. Tnh cht Ko mm do Trong sut, c khong 1% i vi mng dy 0,03mm. Cng, tnh vng cao, vn gi nguyn tnh cht ny ngay c iu ki n nhi t thp t0min= -990C. Ionome cng vng hn PE 10 ln trong ng iu ki n, o gp xp, dng ng hn PE v PE lu n lu n bao gi nhng sn phm c gc cnh mt cch d oxyl ca mch polyme lin kt vi ion kim loi nh: N +, K+, Mg2+ v Zn2+. Mt inomer ng lng: 17 nguyn t Na/100

trng thi mm do nn khi gp xp khng gi np gp, cc nhm c cc c trong phn t ionomer s to tnh nng hp th tia hng ngoi v s t nng bng n hng ngoi. Chng mi mn tt, c th so snh vi PC. Tnh chng thm du m ). Ionomer khng b n m n i m i trng kim m ho long, nhng n mn bi acid. Khng b h hng bi etone ester v dung mi hydrocacbon. Tnh chng thm kh tng t nh PE, nhng tnh hng thm hi C kh nng in n tt hn PE nhng vn b x l b mt ny. C th h n n ghp m bng nhi t o hn PE. l ohol nhng chy mm trong cc loi o (nhng tnh nng n y gim dn theo s tng nhi t

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- Lp 7: LDPE ho php trong. LDPE

h n v to lp tr tip x vi sn phm

c im: T tr ng 0,91-0,925 g/cm2. Trong nhng nh hi m, bng b mt kh cao. B ko di v d t i tc dng lc. Tnh chu nhi t: tnc= 930C tmin= -570C thn= 120-1500C Chng thm nc tt. Chng thm cc kh: O2, CO2, N2 v hi nc km. Chng thm du m km. Bn i vi acid, kim, mui v . B h hng trong dung mi hu

Kh nng hng li cc tc nhn: -

Kh nng in n trn bao b LDPE km, khi b chiu x th tr nn vng, trong sut, cng, gi n hn. GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK 28

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ng d ng: Dng lm bao b cho sn phm lnh ng, v sau khi bao gi, sn phm c bo qun -180C. Dng lm lp trong cng ca bao b nhiu lp d dng hn dn nhi t. Ti ch ng vt phm cc loi mt cch tm thi. LDPE thng dng lm lp lt trong cng ca bao b ghp nhiu lp hn dn d dng do nhi t hn thp, mi h n p, khng b rch, cu to bao b soa cho lp plastic bn ngoi c nhi t n h n c c tnh c a LDPE: h s mch nhnh ngn, s mch ngn ng t hn so vi o hn so vi LDPE. o hn nhi t hn PE, kh tip xc trc tip vi b phn mi hn s khng b t hoc rch. - C im cu trc ca LLDPE so vi LDPE: cc chui polyme thng hn, k h

thc ngn hn v

LDPE, v vy m to nn t l vng kt tinh

LLDPE c ch to d tr n s ch to LDPE, nhng c trng hp iu ki n p sut thp hn so vi LDPE (689-2068 kn/m2) nhi t khong 180-2500C. - c tnh c a mng bao b LDPE: mng LDPE v LLDPE trong sut, hi nh m, c b mt bng lng, mm do. Tnh chng thm oxy km nn khng th dng lm bao b chng oxy ha. T thm thu kh O2 (cm3/25m/ m2/24h/atm 230C) = 6000 T thm thu hi nc (g/225m/ m2/24h/atm 380C, RH 90%) = 20 T thm thu CO2 (cm3/25m/ m2/24h/atm 230C) = 3000 T thm thu kh qu m ng c tnh bng th tch kh (cm3)thm thu qua m ng dy tiu chun 25 m qua di n tch mng l 1m2, trong thi gian 24h, o sut 1atm v nhi t 230C. T hi thm thu qu m ng c tnh bng khi lng hi (g) thm thu qua m ng nh iu ki n tiu chun i vi kh nhng nhi t 380C v hm m khng kh l 90%.

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Tnh chu nhi t ca hai loi nh s u: t0 tnc tmin thn LDPE 85-930C -570C 100-1100C LLDPE 95-1800C -570C 120-2000C

tnc: nhi t plastic bt u mm do LDPE im mm thp hn 1000 , o kh ng th s dng lm bao b thc phm c thanh trng, ti t trng bng hi nc sy bng khng kh nng khong 1000 nhng LDPE hn dn nhi t d o Bn nhi t 60700C Chng thm n v hi nc tt Tnh chng thm kh O2, CO2, N2 u km LDPE c tnh chng thm du m km (c th b du m thm qua mng) Tnh bn ha h o i tc dng ca acid, kim, dung mi mui v . LDPE b ng phng v h hng khi tip xc vi cc dung mi hu hy ro r on v hy ro r on thm, u ha, tinh u thc vt v cc cht ty r nh H2O2, HClO,cc cht ny c th thm qu polymer, gy h hng bao b. - Mng PE chiu x s c nhng bin i nh: V ng hn, trong sut Tr nn cng v n hn o hn o LDPE, l m t gy mch ng, ho n n c dng lm lp trong cc ghp hn kn, nhi t hn dn gn bng 1000C

Chu nhi t tt hn, th khng b h hng 1050C trong thi gian kh di hoc chu c nhi t 2300C trong thi gian ngn. Cc loi PE c sn xut dy tm 25100m, mng ph bn ngoi th c dy 1020m Kh nng in n trn b mt PE khng cao, d b nhe nt do in mng PE c th b ko dn GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK 30

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PE c th cho kh hng thm thu xuy n qu , o PE ng th hp thu gi mi trong bn thn bao b, v chnh mi ny c th c hp th bi thc phm, gy mt gi tr cm quan thc phm. Vi s ng m ng nh m, m ng ionomer ng ht keo kt nh, m ng PE trong o tetr rik v ni m ng v o ht l ln vi mt lp n y, to s ng l ng u nh n ng ht. h nng ng h n DPE), to lp trong

ng to n n tnh thun li ho h nh tr n to h i Trong loi o

n y m ng PE s ng lp li ng ( ng

khc nhau: to lp he ph ngo i nhi t ghp m thn.

Hnh 2.3: M o

n ph

ng

ong bao b e a pa

Tetr rik s dng loi plastic PE lp li 4 ln vi ba ch nng khc o nh: to

nhau.mi lp m ng PE c s dng vi m h t hi u qu kinh t (ghp m thn bng LDPE) ch p dng nhi t hn khong 110120oC).

lp che ph bn ngoi cng (bng HDPE), to lp mng trong cng d hn nhi t

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Lp kt dnh gia lp Al v giy Kr ft, c cu to bi vt li u PE ng trng hp. l s b tr cn thit v lp n y ng l lp chng thm ph tr cho lp PE trong cng v lp mng Al mng: mng Al chng thm kh, hi v hi nc tt. Vi c s dng mng Al, mng ionomer dng cht keo kt dnh, v mng PE trong cng ( cc lp 5,6,7) to nn tnh thun li ho o tetr rik: v ni m ng ht v o ung l b mt hnh trn nh c che ch bi ch 3 lp ny, to s d ng c l bng u nh n ca ng ht bng plastic, nu dng lp plastic khc PE th khng th c l mt cch d dng. Lp m ng Al nh s ng i xuy n qu m ng PE v tr c l cm ng ht. Hp Tetrabrik thng h n thn theo h mi ghp m c thng: khi hai m thn ghp li bng phng php h n nhi t th ng thi ti m ghp bn trong hp c ph mt lp DPE m bo kn cho sn phm. 2.4. Phng php ng gi bao b Te apa 2.4.1 M c tiu c im c a phng php Te apa 2.4.1.1. im - Nh - Bo v m i trng - D vn chuyn - Bo qun sn phm nhi t thng vi thi gian di - c ti t tr ng trc khi rt dch thnh phm - Phng php ng gi 2.4.1.2. M ti u o tetr p k ng th phm v o theo phng php Tetr p k l loi bao n u b mng ghp rt nh nhm m h v tr ng, m bo cht lng ti o tetr p k i i ng phng php U T. ng trong trng hp n y tr gip cho kh nng hng thm kh hi m ng PE, ng thi chng

nguyn cho sn phm gi u inh ng v vitamin t ngun nguyn li u. Bao b nh, c tnh bo v m i trng, ti n ch s dng, chuyn ch, phn phi v bo qun sn phm nhi t thng vi thi gian di. Cc loi thc phm sau khi hon tt bao b, thanh trng, ti t trng ho GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK ng on x l, ch bin, ng ng loi khng p dng ch ti t trng 32

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thanh trng. Ty theo cng ngh ch bin v bn cht sn phm, thnh phm c th c ti t trng ri mi ng o o vi vt li u o ti t tr ng. i vi cc loi o , ng np v nh: h i thy tinh, lon kim loi, bnh plastic (HDPE, PP) th dch thc ung

thnh phm ni ring, thc phm ni hung, c chit rt v o

thanh trng theo cc ch nhi t khc nhau ty theo bn cht ca loi thc phm, loi thc ung ( n trn cu trc ngun nguyn li u,thnh ph v trng thi ca thc phm, thc ung). Dch lng c thanh trng nhi t thp: nh s ti trc khi ch bin c thanh trng pasteur khong 720C trong thi gian 1515 pht hoc 800C trong 5 pht. Dch sa thnh phm c th c thanh trng theo ch nh s u (nhi t t0C, thi gian ): t0 =1200C, trng t0 = 1050C, , = 9 pht, sn phm sa chua dng lng c thanh = 9 pht ho i vi vi cc loi s ti, nc p qu c

th c ti t trng 1430C trong 6 giy trong thit b ti t trng lin tc, dng ng lng ng, dch sa chy trong ng vi t cao do p l hi qu nhi t , hi nc qu nhi t c lun chuyn trong v ng vi p l bao b Tetrapak. o v s u ng v o

nh 2.4 D ch

n i

ng bao b gi

c ng

Te a Pa

Cc dng nc p rau qu c th c rt chai, rt hp kim loi ri thanh trng t0= 80 1000C trong thi gian t = 10 15 pht ty theo pH ca dch rau qu.

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Phng th ng kh ng qu

Tetr p k c p dng cho nhng thc ung dng

lng, ng nht hoc huyn ph , nh tng vi kch thc ht rt nh, nht o nh ng sa bo, sa gy, nc p rau qu. Theo phng php ng gi Tetr p k, thc ung c ti t tr ng tr khi ng vo bao b: bao b Tetrapak dng phc hp c ti t trng ring bng hi ngn: t0 = 1430C, nhanh: 5 6 pht. Bn cht c phng php n y l ti t trng ring l thc ung dng lng v bao b sau rt nh lng v o S u khi ng o o v h n kn trong m i trng v trng. , sn phm c gi nhi t thng trong thi gian
2 O2

tr khi c rt dch thnh phm vo. Dch lng bng nhi t cao, thi gian cc = 6 giy, thi gian nng v h nhi t ti t tr ng ng xy ra rt

khong 6 thng vn m bo cht lng sn phm. sau khi m bao b s dng, phn thc phm cn tha li trong bao b phi c bao qun lnh 5 100C hoc 800C v trong thi gian bo qun c th l 5 ngy. Phng php ng o Tetr p k i kt hp vi phng php ti t trng nhi t igh Temper ture) m cao, thi gian cc ngn g i l phng php U T (Ultr 2.4.2 Cch ng bao b e a pa Cc lp vt li u giy c in nhn theo yu cu c s sn xut, s u c

bo cho sn phm khng b bin i m u, m i, nh sm mu v tr nn c mi nu.

ghp cng vi cc lp vt li u khc v qun thnh tng cun c chiu rng bng chu vi ca thn tr hp (phi c phn ghp m v thn). Trc khi chit rt, cun giy c ti t trng bng hi H2O2 trong phng kn v tr ng v v o my h n rt nh lng vo hp v sn phm c thn hp v ghp y. S u ch thc phm o h n ghp m u, ct ri, xp gc. Hp

ng n phun lm sch cht lng dnh cc mi h n u v

y, s u c thi kh ng kh nng kh hp.

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2.4.3 Mt s loi thi t b

nh 2.5 Ng

c ng bao b Te a pa

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nh 2.6 D ch

n ng hp n ph

ong bao b Te a Pa

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nh 2.

ng gi bao b

nh 2.

nh ng gi

ong i

in hanh

ng, i

ng 38

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2.5. Nhc i 2.5.1 im

c a bao b e apa

- Trc tin v mt kinh t, bao b Tetra Pak r hn rt nhiu so vi cc bao b bng thy tinh, bng g hay kim loi. c bi t li th l chi ph vn chuyn gim, siu nh nhng n v dai. n nh m i - Tetra Pak thun ti n hn nhiu v khng phi lu gi v h i h y i hay tr li. - Kh nng ti sinh tt. - Gi c cc vitamin cn nguyn vn n t y ngi tiu dng. - Bo m cho sa, thc phm gi nguy n hng v ca chng. - B mt tng i phng, trng ca giy m bo cho tnh cht ca hnh nh to thnh ro chn gip cho cc loi thc phm dng lng n nh khng b xm hi bi cc tc nhn (vi sinh) c th xut hi n bi nh sng v khng kh. - Khng cn sn phm. - Cc h thng ch bin v ng gi Tetra Pak vn h nh n gin, tit gim chi ph thit b, kinh t trong vi c phn phi. - C th ti ch. - C kh nng hng thm mi, kh, du m v s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt. 2.5.2 Nhc im - Khng chu c nhi t cao - Kh nng hu lc khng cao - Khng chu c va chm mnh, bin dng trong khi vn chuyn v trng - D thm nc lm cho bao b d rch - Khng th nhn thy c sn phm bn trong y ng n h thng tr lnh v xe ng lnh trong qu trnh phn phi

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2.6

ng d ng c a bao b Te a Pa o nh nc p rau qu.

p dng cho nhng loi thc ung dng lng, ng nht hoc huyn ph , nh tng vi k h thc ht rt nh, nht kh ng qu

nh 2.9 Khng ch c s

ng d ng c a bao b Te a Pa

i n nay, rt nhiu loi thc phm lng nh s , nc tri

cy v thc ung, ru, nc, sn phm t c chua, sp, mn trng mi ng, u nnh v cc sn phm inh ng kh ng ng trong hp giy. Nhng cng ngh mi trong ngnh sn xut Theo ng Qun rown, o ho php h to ra loi bao b giy dy 6 lp. Th nhng, hng u im l siu nh nhng li bn, dai. im c K thut Cng ty Tetra Pak ti Vi t Nam - mt o giy th mt bao tp o n Thy in chuyn cung cp dy chuyn ng gi

b giy ti t trng (loi 1 lt) nng khong 26g c th ch c khong 1kg thc phm dng lng.

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Nh nhng cng ngh mi, bao b giy c th bo qun tt vit min hn loi bao b khc. Theo huy n gi , th lng vit min ng trong chai thu tinh gim i 40% khi b chiu sng trong vng 12 gi nhng vi bao b giy, vitamin khng h b suy gim. Nh v o c tnh ni trn, cc loi vitamin trong s nh vit min 2, vit min A, 6, 12, v K c gi nguyn tnh cht khi n t y ngi tiu dng. huy n gi ho rng, ngay Khi thit k bao b giy, ngi ta khng ch lo bo qun vitamin trong sa, thc phm cho khi b phn hy i nh sng mt tri khin vitamin trong sa, thc phm b tht thot. c nh sng t n hunh quang cc quy hng ti ca hng bn l ng th ng cht nh xit foli , tryptophan v mt s axit bo khng bo ho trong sa s b st gim i t ng ca nh sng. Mt nghin cu ca M ng ho thy lng vitamin A ca sn phm ng trong cc chai thy tinh gim n 70% khi tip xc trc tip i nh sng trong qu trnh vn chuyn v trng y h ng ho. n vit min , ng cht cn thit hng xy ho, kh khng n nh. y, cho s pht trin, lnh vt thng nh nh v

Thm ch, trong bng ti, vitamin C b mt i 50% trong v ng 4 ng y. Cng mt thi gian nm i nh sng trc tip c n hunh quang trong cc t trng Trong khi , hp giy vn c th bo v lng vitamin C ca cc thc phm ng trong chai thu tinh mt i khong 95%. 30% lng vitamin C. Mt u im khc ca hp giy l bo m cho sa, thc phm gi nguy n c hng v ca chng. Cc nghin cu ca M khm ph vi c mt mi v ca sa trong cc chai thy tinh ng nh sng yu trong vng t 6 - 12 gi. Th nhng hng v sa trong hp giy th khng h b nh hng 2.7 Ti ch bao b gi o giy s u khi ti h s ho r i nhng sn phm gi tr v nh thip, v t h , o th... i tl kh ng gy ph ng phm, nhim m i trng nh tm lp nh , vn p hng thm, phn n, vn

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2.7.1. Sn x T nhiu nm n y, v n o o

dnh ng ti h l m r vn p hng thm vi ng nghi p h to gi ng. Quy tr nh in) v o gi nhng

ng trong xy ng, o ng.

n y t u t mt n nghi n u Tetr P k (Thy nm 1980. To n v Vi m u s o qu n tm ngi ti u l phn nh v nh m ng v s n vng

Tetr P k u tn ng v kh ng ht thi. ht li u, sn phm thu ht rt nhiu s ng ngh pl sm . y l qu tr nh x luminium thu hi n ho ng ng

giy ng qu x l theo

n li s u khi ti h ly phn giy ti nh my giy.

Trong sut qu tr nh n y, ht nh s tr th nh p r ffin v nguy n vt li u ho loi trong ng nh n vi o giy. P r ffin s

i ng thi. Nh m ti h s ng to r lp giy nh m mi l m ng nghi p kh nh u. Ngo i r , n ho thy ng ngh ti h lu n hng

kh ng gy hi ho m i trng... 2.7.2. Ch bi n h nh phn trong hp giy ng th ung phn r trong t nh v ht th nh ng s phn hy trong v ng 12ng n y th ng nh

th nh t giy th ng ng s

mt m i trng m th h hp. Nghi n u t mt t h

15 tun nhi t th h hp. Nh vy th ni v hp giy rt ph hp ho hng tr nh h in phn trn. Sn phm ui ht sung ho t h y phn n. 2.7.3. Th hi nng ng Nghi n u v ng i sn phm ho thy th thu hi nng lng qu vi x l r o . o rton loi 1 lt th h nng lng thp sng mt h i loi o ng rton v nh u l n ng n 40W trong hn mt gi.

nhng ngun nhi n li u qu ho l t r hi n i thu hi nng lng. nh , hng li xem l r t s h. h y n gh, th ng g, y m qun o, x nhiu sn phm gi tr, kinh t nh v t h , giy in loi... GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK 42

i t, t r giy sn xut r nh thip, g l m k s h o giy

hu, khung tr nh, gi y,

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2.7.4. Bao b gi , xin ng v y l khu hi u trong trng h nhiu nm qu .

ch ng i o giy D& T TP. M t h t

hng tr nh o v m i trng v thu gom

o Tetr P k Vi t N m v S

hng tr nh t h th nh

ng n n quyt nh th m gi v o hng o th, ti giy,

tr nh ti h th nh my giy Thun An. sn phm nh vi n Tetr P k vi th ng i p hng i nhm khuyn kh h th o

nh thip l m t giy ti h tr o tng ho kh h h ng v nhn Tetr P k th ti h, xin ng vt s ng sn phm ti h hng tr nh ti o trong vi

ti vn ph ng gp phn o v m i trng ng sng. Qu t giy v hp giy ht lng tt v l loi r

h th, Tetr P k t m kim nh my ti h giy t v hp giy nhm hng minh cao. Ngo i r , hng tr nh gio m i trng ho khi tiu h hot ng ti n phong i s h tr S o v t i nguy n thi n nhi n qu D& T TP. t u v o u nm 2005 vi m ti u o to ho h ti h v hp giy. Kt hp vi S GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK D& T TP. l mt trong s th v lp 43 M. hng tr nh hi u qu kinh t

sinh khi tiu h M, Tetr P k t h

hot ng th t nh phn loi, thu gom

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tp hun ho tr n 200 n , gio vi n n t 200 trng tiu h Qu nhng

tr th nh

tuy n truyn vi n trong hng tr nh gio m i trng ti khi trng h . ng ging y sinh ng, em truyn t th ng tin i nhiu h nh th phong ph nh huy n k u huy n nhng hi v hp rng; xem video, xem m ri vi th ng i p y phn loi v thu gom v hp s , n tri y v h; th m gi v o th ng r ti h in hng th nh nhng sn phm tr hi xp hp giy, phn loi v thu gom r ng y ti trng. sinh tiu h ti TP. M o to theo tn r v hp giy thu gom

n n y hn 200.000 h v m ng n nh my ti h.

hng tr nh n y v trong nm 2006 hn

hng tr nh gio m i trng kin m rng tr n to n qu trong nhng nm h k tip nhm tip t xy ng n n mt th h tr th v thi quen o v m i trng. tt trong vi

nh 2.10 Ti ch bao b gi

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Ngo i r , hn v

Tetr P k

n ti h ng phng php x y r ri trn vi n to n ho ngi s ng

keo ti h li th nh

n v hi tr em, nhng sn phm ti h n y rt h

o m ht lng v

nh 2.11 Sn ph

gi

i ch

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U T A

O o , ng

1. P S.PTS. Nguyn X h Li n, K thut hiu X Ph i Trng K thut TP M, Kho k thut h h v ngh th phm, 1998

u kh, m n

2. V o Trn L Th Phng Kiu Th Minh Tr ng Trn Th nh Lo n, o gi Thit ng gi sn phm t r u qu, Tiu lun m n h 3. http://www.lantabrand.com/cat12news4466.html 4. http://phapluattp.vn/20091220110215959p0c1018/bai-5-nhung-san-phamgia-tri-cao-tu-bao-bi-giay.htm 5. http://www.tetrapak.com 6. www.youtube.com

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