- 1 -

Bi tp QUI HOCH TUYN TNH

Bi 1. Mt nh my giy c k hoch sn xut 3 loi giy A, B, C. Nguyn liu sn xut giy l g v axt c tr
lng tng ng l 5500 m
3
v 90 tn. Mc tiu hao cc loi nguyn liu sn xut v gi bn mt tn giy mi
loi c cho bi bng sau:
Nguyn liu Sn phm
A B C
G (m
3
) 1,5 1,8 1,6
Axt (kg) 20 30 24
Gi bn (triu) 9 12 10
Qua thm d th trng, nh my quyt nh sn xut giy A, C c s lng bng nhau v giy B c s
lng ti a l 1000 tn. Hy lp m hnh ton hc ca bi ton lp k hoch ti u trn.
Bi 2. Mt nh my luyn kim mun sn xut mt loi hp kim c 20% bc, 30% ng v 50% nhm. sn xut
ra loi hp kim nh my dng 6 loi nguyn liu: bc nguyn cht, ng nguyn cht, nhm nguyn cht, hp
kim A, hp kim B, hp kim C. T l cc cht bc, ng, nhm trong 6 loi nguyn liu trn v gi nguyn liu
(ngn ng/kg) mi loi c cho trong bng sau:
Cht
Loi nguyn liu
Bc ng Nhm KH A HK B HK C
Bc
ng
Nhm
100%
0
0
0
100%
0
0
0
100%
30%
40%
30%
50%
20%
30%
40%
35%
25%
Gi 1500 300 100 1000 1200 1100
Hy lp m hnh ton hc ca bi ton xc nh khi lng nguyn liu mi loi sn xut 1 kg hp kim
thnh phm sao cho gi thnh ca hp kim thnh phm thp nht nhng vn bo m cht lng theo yu cu.
Bi 3. Bin i bi ton QHTT sau v dng chnh tc:
1 2 3 4
1 2 4
1 2 3
2 3 4
j
a. f (x) x 2x 3x 4x Min
x 2x x 2
3x 4x x 4
2x x 4x 3
x 0 j 1, 4
= + +
+ s

+ + >

+ =

> =

1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2
b. f (x) 2x x 3x Min
x 2x x 2
2x x 4x 3
3x 4x x 4
x 0; x 0
= + +
+ s

+ =

+ + >

> s

Bi 4. Mt cng ty thc n gia sc nh sn xut cc bao thc n gia sc c t l % cht dinh dng cho mi bao
theo tiu chun sau:
Cht dinh dng T l ti thiu T l ti a
m 22,9 Khng hn ch
ng 42 75
Bo 9 15
X 7,8 Khng hn ch
Cho bit t l % cc cht dinh dng trn cc loi nguyn liu v gi nguyn liu nh sau:
Cht dinh dng
Nguyn liu
Cm Go Bp Bt c
m 15 8 10 62
ng 60 50 60 6
Bo 15 4 6 20
- 2 -

X 2 15 9 3
Gi (Ngn/kg) 3 2 1,2 5
Hy lp m hnh ton hc xc nh thnh phn nguyn liu sn xut 1 bao thc n gia sc t cht lng
v c gi r nht bit rng bao thc n c trng lng 100 kg.
Bi 5. Mt cng ty a c nh xy 50 cn nh gm 4 loi: nh trt, nh 2 tng, nh 3 tng v bit th. Thi gian
(ngy) xy nh mi loi c cho bi bng sau:
Cng vic xy nh
Loi nh
Nh trt 2 tng 3 tng Bit th
Xy th 20 60 90 120
Trang tr 5 30 50 100
Li 50 triu 100 triu 200 triu 300 triu

Theo kinh nghim kinh doanh th mi loi nh phi xy t nht 5 cn th mi c li cho qui trnh thi cng
v trang b k thut. Ngoi ra thi gian phi hon thnh cng trnh ti a l 4 nm trnh bin ng th trng v
li sut ngn hng. Hy lp m hnh ton hc ca bi ton xc nh k hoch xy dng nh ti u?
Bi 6: ( thi tuyn sinh cao hc HNH TP. HCM nm 2008)
Mt ngi c s tin 70 triu ng d nh du t vo cc khon sau:
Gi tit kim khng k hn vi li sut 6,5%/nm. Gi tit kim c k hn vi li sut 8,5%/nm; mua tn phiu vi
li sut 10%/nm; cho doanh nghip t nhn vay vi li sut 13%/nm.
Mi khon u t u c ri ro ca n nn ngi quyt nh u t theo cc ch dn sau y ca nh t
vn: Khng cho doanh nghip t nhn vay qu 20% s tin; S tin mua tn phiu khng c vt qu tng s
tin u t vo 3 khon cn li; u t t nht 30% tng s tin vo gi tit kim c k hn v mua tn phiu; t l
tin gi tit kim khng k hn trn tin gi tit kim c k hn khng c qu 1/3.
Hy lp m hnh ton hc ca bi ton (khng gii) xc nh s tin u t vo mi khon tng s tin
li thu c cao nht v tun theo cc ch dn ca nh t vn, bit ngi u t ht s tin hin c.
Bi 7: ( thi tuyn sinh cao hc HNH TP. HCM nm 2009)
Mt x nghip c th sn xut mt loi sn phm theo 3 phng php I, II, III. Cc nguyn liu c sn xut l A,
B, C. Bit rng cc nguyn liu hin c, nh mc tiu hao cc loi nguyn liu v s lng sn phm sn xut ra
trong mt gi theo cc phng php cho trong bng sau:
Nguyn liu
S lng hin c
(n v)
nh mc tiu hao (n v) trong mt gi
I II III
A 250 4 5 3
B 350 2 4 1
C 450 3 6 4
Sn lng (n v/gi) 10 12 9
Hy lp m hnh bi ton tm k hoch sn xut ti u!
Bi 8: Cho bi ton QHTT:
f(x) = 8x
1
- 4x
2
+ 14x
3
Min
1 2 3
1 2 3
j
x x 4x 2
x x 2x 0
x 0 j 1, 3

+ + =

+ >

> =

Khng gii bi ton, hy chng minh bi ton c PAT v hy tm phng n ti u ?
Bi 9: Cho bi ton QHTT:
f(x) = x
1
+ 4x
2
+ px
3
Min
- 3 -

1 2 3
1 2 3
j
3x 11x 4x 10
x x x 1
x 0 j 1, 3

+ + s

+ + =

> =

Trong p l tham s, Khng gii bi ton, hy chng minh bi ton c PAT vi mi p 0
Bi 10: Cho bi ton QHTT:
f(x) = 2x
1
- x
2
+ 4x
3
Max
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 3
j
x 2x x 1
3x x 4x 12
x 2x 10
x 0 j 1, 3
+ >

+ s

+ s

> =

a. Chng minh bi ton c phng n ti u
b. Vi f(x) Min, chng minh bi ton khng c phng n ti u. Khi hy ch ra mt dy cc phng
n lm cho hm f(x) gim v hn
Bi 11: Cho bi ton QHTT:
f(x) = 3x
1
+ 3x
2
+ 14x
3
Min
1 2 3
1 2 3
j
x x 4x p
x x 2x 0
x 0 j 1, 3

+ + >

+ s

> =

Chng minh bi ton c PATU v hy xc nh phng n c bn ti u.
Bi 12: Cho bi ton QHTT:
f(x) = 4x
1
- 6x
2
+ 3x
3
Min
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 3
2 3
1 2
2x 4x x 0
3x 5x 2x 1
x 2x 2
3x x 2
x x 2
+ >

+ >

+ s

>

Hy chng minh bi ton c phng n ti u v x
0
=(2,1,0) l phng n c bn ti u ca bi ton
Bi 13: Cho bi ton QHTT:
f(x) = x
2
+ 2x
3
- 2x
4
2x
5
Max
1 2 3 5
1 2 4 5
1 2 3 4
j
2x 3x x x 4
4x 5x 3x x 6
x 2x 2x x 3
x 0 j 1, 5
+ + + s

+ s

+ + =

> =

Hy chng minh bi ton c phng n ti u v x
0
=(1,2,0,0,0) l phng n c bn suy bin ti u ca
bi ton
Bi 14. Gii cc bi ton qui hoch tuyn tnh sau?
- 4 -

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
2 3 4
3 4
j
a. f (x) 2x x x x Max
x x 2x x 2
x 7x 3x 2
3x 2x 5
x 0, j 1, 4
= + +
+ + =

+ s

+ s

> =

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 4 6 7
1 3 4 6 7
1 2 5 6
j
b. f (x) 6x x x 3x x 7x 6x Min
x x x x x 3
2x x 4x 2x x 9
4x 2x x 3x 2
x 0, j 1, 7
= + + + + +
+ + + =

+ + =

+ + =

> =

S: a. PATU x
0
= (0; 0; 9; 16; 17; 0) f
Max
= 25
b. Bi ton khng c PAT
Bi 15. Gii bi ton qui hoch tuyn tnh sau. Phng n ti u tm c (nu c) c duy nht khng? Hy tm
mt phng n ti u khc (nu c)
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
j
a. f (x) 6x 10x 12x Max
x 2x 4x 32
2x x 2x 42
3x 2x 2x 30
x 0, j 1, 2, 3
= + +
+ + s

+ + s

+ + s

> =

1 2 4
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3
j
b. f (x) 2x x x Min
x x x 15
x x x x 27
2x x x 18
x 0, j 1, 2, 3, 4
= + +
+ s

+ + + =

> =

s: a. PATU ca bi ton x
0
= (0; 14; 1; 0; 26; 0) f
max
= 152
b. PAT ca bi ton x
0
= (15; 0; 12; 0; 12; 0) f
min
= -30
Bi 16: Cho bi ton QHTT:
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 3 4 5
1 3 4 5
1 4 5
j
f (x) x x 2x 2x 4x Min
x x 3x 2x 2x 8
2x x x x 21
3x 5x 3x 2x 25
2x x 4x 20
x 0, j 1, 5
= + +

+ + =

+ >

+ + =

+ + s

> =

a. Gii bi ton trn bng phng php n hnh
b. Tm phng n ti u x
*
ca bi ton c x
*
4
= 20
S: a. PATU x
0
= (0; 27; 3; 0; 5; 13; 0; 0) f
min
= 13
b. Tp tt c cc PATU l: z

= (0; 27 - 2/5; 3 +7/10; ; 5 - /4). PATU vi x

4
*
= 20 l phng n ti
u tng ng vi = 20.
Bi 17: Mt cng ty c chin dch qung co mt sn phm trong 1 thng vi tng chi ph l 100 triu ng. Cc s
liu lin quan n qung co sn phm c cho bi bng sau:
Phng tin Chi ph S ln QC ti a
D kin s ngi tip nhn
trong 1 ln QC
Truyn hnh 1,5 triu/pht 60 15.000
Bo 1 triu/trang 26 30.000
Pht thanh 0,5 triu/pht 90 9.000
Do hiu qu ca truyn hnh nn cng ty quyt nh nn cng ty quyt nh phi c t nht 30 ln qung
co trn truyn hnh. Tm k hoch qung co ti u cho cng ty?
S: PATU x
0
= (30; 26; 58) f
max
= 1.752.000
Bi 18. Mt nh my c 28 t ng dng mua thit b cho khu vc sn xut mi. Khu vc t thit b c din
tch 166 m
2
. C 2 loi thit b mua l:
- My loi A c gi 160 triu ng, nng sut 110 sn phm/ gi. Chim din tch 12 m
2

- My loi B c gi 180 triu ng, nng sut 100 sn phm/ gi. Chim din tch 9 m
2
- 5 -

Tm phng n mua thit b sao cho i vi s thit b trong 1 gi lm vic th tng s sn phm thu
c cao nht?
S: PATU x
0
= (600; 0; 2400) f
max
= 7.200.000
Bi 19. Lp bi ton i ngu v ch ra cc cp rng buc i ngu:
1 2 3 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3
a. f (x) 2x 3x 2x 4x Max
2x x x x 3x 7
4x x 2x 3x x 3
x 2x 3x x x 10
x 0; x 0; x 0
= + +
+ + + + >

+ + =

+ + + s

> s s

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3
b. f (x) 2x 3x x x Min
x x 2x x 7
2x x x x 5
5x x 3x x 20
x 0; x 0; x 0
= + +
+ + + =

+ s

+ + + >

> > s

Bi 20. Cho bi ton QHTT sau:
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
j
f (x) 3x 3x 8x 6x Min
3x 3/ 2x x 3x 57
2x x 2x 2x 18
3x 3x 5x 4x 49
x 0; j 1, 4
= + +
+ + + =

+ + =

+ >

> =

a. Hy gii bi ton trn bng phng php n hnh
b. Hy lp bi ton i ngu ca bi ton trn v xt tnh ti u ca vecto y
0
= (3/2; 51/4; 6) i vi bi
ton i ngu ?
S: PATU: x
0
= ( 5; 8; 0; 10; 0; 0; 0) f
min
= 21
Bi 21. Cho bi ton QHTT (P) sau:
1 2 3 4
1 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 4
f (x) 8x 6x 4x 5x Min
x 2x x 7
2x x x 3x 4
3x x 2x 6x 5
x 0; x 0; x 0
= + + +
+ s

+ + =

+ >

> > >

a. Hy vit bi ton i ngu (D) ca (P)?
b. Chng t rng x
*
= (3; 0; -2; 0) l mt phng n ca (P), li dng x
*
tm tp phng n ti u ca
bi ton (D). Tm phng n ti u ca bi ton (D) c thnh phn th 3 bng 1
c. Hy tm tp phng n ti u ca bi ton (P)
Bi 22. Gii bi ton QHTT sau:
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
f (x) 12x 16x 16x Min
2x x 2x 6
2x 3x x 8
3x 2x 2x 9
x 0; x 0; x 0
= + +
+ + >

+ + >

+ + >

> > >

S: Mt PATU x
0
= (5/2; 1, 0) f
min
= 46
Bi 23:
Cho bi ton QHTT: f(x) = 2x
1
5x
2
4x
3
+ 2x
4
Min
- 6 -

1 3 4
2 3 4
1 3 4
1 3 4
j
2x x 3x 12
x x 2x 14
4x x 9x 36
3x 2x 5x 23
x 0 j 1, 4

+ >

+ + =

+ s

+ s

> =

a. Hy gii bi ton trn bng phng php n hnh
b. Vit bi ton i ngu. Xc nh phng n ti u ca bi ton i ngu v cc tnh cht ca n
S: a. PATU x
0
= (6; 14; 0; 0; 0; 12; 5; 0) f
min
= -58
Bi 24:
Cho bi ton QHTT: f(x) = 3x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 3x
3
+ 5x
4
Max
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
j
x x 2x 2x 18
2x 2x 3x 4x 24
x 2x 2x 3x 20
x 0 j 1, 4
+ + + s

+ + + =

+ + + >

> =

a. Hy gii bi ton trn bng phng php n hnh
b. Vit bi ton i ngu. Xc nh phng n ti u ca bi ton i ngu v cc tnh cht ca n
S: PATU x
0
= (0; 4; 0; 4; 6; 0; 0; 0) f
max
= 28
Bi 25:
a. Cho bi ton QHTT: f(x) = -2x
1
- 3x
2
+ 2x
3
- 4x
4
Max
1 2 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3
j
4x 6x 3x 24
4x 9x 2x 3x 33
2x 3x 2x 6
x 0 j 1, 4
+ + =

+ s

+ >

> =

Hy gii bi ton trn bng phng php n hnh
b. Cho bi ton QHTT (P) sau y: f(x) = 2x
1
+ 5x
2
+ 3x
3
+ 6x
4
Max

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
j
4x 2x x 2x 20
2x 3x 2x 4x 30
2x x 3x 5x 40
x 0 j 1, 4
+ + + s

+ + + >

+ + + >

> =

v vecto x = (0, 0, 0,10). Hy vit bi ton i ngu ca (P), x c l phng n ti u ca (P) hay khng? Tm tp
phng n ti u ca (P)
S: a. PATU x
0
= ( 0;4; 6; 0; 9; 0; 0; 0) f
max
= 0
Bi 26:
a. Hy gii bi ton sau y bng thut ton n hnh:
f(x) = 2x
1
+ x
2
+ x
3
+ 4x
4
Max
1 2 3 4
1 3 4
1 3 4
j
5x x x 6x 50
3x x 2x 16
4x 3x x 23
x 0 j 1, 4
+ + + =

+ + >

+ + s

> =

Hy gii bi ton trn bng phng php n hnh
b. Cho bi ton QHTT (P) sau y:
- 7 -

f(x) = -8x
1
+ 6x
2
+ 4x
3
+ 5x
4
Min
1 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
j
x 2x x 7
2x x x 3x 4
3x x 2x 6x 5
x 0 ( j {1, 2, 4})
+ s

+ + =

+ >

> =

Hy vit bi ton i ngu ca (P). Phn tch cc tnh cht ca vecto x = (3, 0, -2, 0) i vi bi ton (P)
cho. Xc nh tp phng n ti u ca bi ton i ngu!
S: a. PATU x
0
= (0; 14; 6; 5; 0; 0; 0) f
max
= 40
Bi 27:
Cho bi ton QHTT: f(x) = 6x
1
+ 8x
2
+ 9x
3
+ 5x
4
+ 6x
5
Max
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
j
2x x 3x 2x x 6
x 2x x 2x 3x 10
x 0 j 1, 5

+ + + + =

+ + + + =

> =

a. Hy gii bi ton trn.
b. Vit bi ton i ngu. Xc nh phng n ti u ca bi ton i ngu.
S: a. PATU x
0
= (0; 24/5; 2/5; 0; 0; 0; 0) f
max
= 42
Bi 28:
Cho bi ton QHTT (P): f(x) = 10x
1
+ 8x
2
+ 19x
3
Min
1 2 3
1 3
1 2 3
j
2x x x 6
3x 2x 2
x 2x 5x 5
x 0 j 1, 3
+ + >

+ >

+ + >

> =

a. Lp bi ton i ngu (D) ca bi ton (P).
b. Tm phng n ti u ca bi ton (P) v bi ton i ngu (D)
S: a. Phng n ti u ca bi ton (D): y
0
= (4; 0; 2) g
max
= 34