Bi tp t lun chng I 1.

Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau trong dung dch: Ba(NO3)2, HNO3, KOH, K2CrO4, HBrO4, BeF2, NaHCO3,H2SO4, HClO, HNO2, HCN, HBrO, Sn(OH)2. 2.Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch sau: a,KOH 0,02M b,BaCl2 0,015M c,HCl 0,05M d,(NH4)2SO4 0,01M 3. Hy cho bit cc phn t v ion sau l axit, baz hay lng tnh theo thuyt Bron-stt: HI, CH3COO, PO43-, NH3, CO32-, HS, NH4+, BrO. 4. Mt dung dch cha a mol Na+, b mol Ca2+, c mol Cl-, d mol NO3. Tm mi lin h gia a, b, c, d. 5. Dung dch A cha 0,4 mol Ca2+, 0,5 mol Ba2+ v x mol Cl. Tnh x. 6. Mt dung dch cha 2 cation l Fe2+ (0,1mol) v Al3+ (0,2mol) v hai anion l Cl(a mol) v SO42- (b mol). Tnh a, b bit rng khi c cn dung dch thu c 46,9 gam cht rn khan. 7. Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,5M c cha s mol OH bng s mol OH c trong 200g dung d1ch NaOH 20%. 8. Tnh nng ion H+ trong dung dch HNO3 12,6%, D= 1,12 g/ml. 9. Tnh nng cc ion trong cc dung dch: a,HNO3, pH = 4 b, H2SO4 , pH= 3 c,KOH, pH= 9 d, Ba(OH)2, pH=10 10. a,Tnh pH ca dung dch cha 1,46 g HCl trong 400ml. b, Tnh pH ca dung dch cha 1,6 g NaOH trong 200ml. c, Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh sau khi trn 100ml dd HCl 1M v 400ml dd NaOH 0,375M 11. Cn bao nhiu gam NaOH pha ch 300ml dung dch c pH= 10 12. C hai dung dch sau: a,CH3COOH 0,10M ( Ka= 1,75.10-5). Tnh nng mol ca ion H+. b,NH3 0,10M ( Kb= 1,80.10-5). Tnh nng mol cu ion OH 13. Dung dch CH3COOH 1M c in li = 1,42 %. Tnh nng mol ion H+ trong dung dch . 14. Dung dch HClO 0,2M c nng H+ bng 0,008M. Tnh in li ca HClO trong dung dch. 15.Vit phng trnh phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng sau (nu c) xy ra trong dung dch: a, KNO3 + NaCl b, NaOH + HNO3 c,Mg(OH)2 + HCl d, NaF + AgNO3 e, Fe2(SO4)3 + KOH g, FeS + HCl h, NaHCO3 + HCl i, NaHCO3 + NaOH k, K2CO3 + NaCl l, Al(OH)3 + HNO3 m, Al(OH)3 + NaOH n, CuSO4 + Na2S 16. Trong dung dch c th tn ti ng thi cc ion sau y c khng? Gii thch a, Na+, Cu2+, Cl-, OHb, K+, Ba2+, Cl-, SO4 2-. c, K+, Fe2+, Cl-, SO4 2-. d, HCO3-, OH-, Na+, Cl17. Cc dung dch sau c mi trng g? Gii thch. AlCl3, (CH3COO)2Ba, KNO3, K2S, NH4NO3, NaNO2.

18. Trong 200ml dung dch A c cha 0,2 mol ion Na+, 0,6 mol NH4+, 0,4mol H+, 0,2mol Cl-, 0,5 mol SO42-. Dung dch B cha hn hp hai hiroxit KOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 2M. Cho 300ml dung dch B vo dung dch A, un nh. Tnh khi lng dung dch gim sau phn ng. 19. Dung dch X cha hn hp 2 axit HCl 0,4M v H2SO4 0,1 M. Dung dch Y cha hn hp 2 hiroxit KOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M. Tnh th tch dung dch Y cn dng trung ho 200ml dung dch X v khi lng kt ta thu c. 20. Trong y hc, dc phm Nabica (NaHCO3) l cht c dng trung ho bt lng d axit HCl trong d dy. Hy vit phng trnh ho hc dng phn t v ion rt gn ca phn ng . Tnh th tch dd HCl 0,035M (nng axit trong d dy) c trung ho v th tch kh CO2 sinh ra ktc khi ung 0,336g NaHCO3. 21. trung ho hon ton 600ml dung dch hn hp HCl 2M v H2SO4 1,5M cn bao nhiu mililit dung dch hn hp Ba(OH)2 v KOH 1M. 22. Ho tan m gam kim loi Ba vo nc thu c 2,0 lit dung dch X c pH =13. Tnh m. 23.Cho 220ml dung dch HCl c pH = 5 tc dng vi 180ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 9 th thu c dung dch A. Tnh pH ca dung dch A. 24.C 3 dung dch HCl, NaOH, NaCl ng trong 3 l mt nhn. Ch s dng dd phenolphtalein v cc dng c th nghim, nu cch nhn bit cc dung dch . Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng xy ra. 25.Ch dng qu tm hy phn bit cc dung dch khng mu ng trong cc l mt nhn sau: NaOH, HCl, Ba(OH)2, NaNO3, K2SO4. Vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion rt gn ca cc phn ng xy ra.

1. Khi nim v s in li, cht in li, phn loi cc cht in li Bi 1. Nhng cht no trong s cc cht sau y phn li thnh cc ion khi ho tan trong nc. Hy vit cc phng trnh in li ca chng (nu c) : H2S, Cl2, H2SO3, CH4, Na2CO3, NaOH, H2SO4, C2H5OH, CaO. Bi 2. Trong dung dch axit axetic tn ti cn bng sau :

CH3COOH

CH3COO H

in li ca CH3COOH s bin i nh th no khi : a) nh vo dung dch vi git dung dch HCl. b) nh vo dung dch vi git dung dch NaOH. c) nh vo dung dch vi git dung dch CH3COONa. 2. Khi nim axit - baz theo quan im Bron-stt. Hng s phn li axit - baz
2 Bi 1. Theo nh ngha v axit - baz ca Bron-stt, cc ion : Na+, NH , CO3 , 4 CH3COO , HSO , K , Cl , HCO3 l axit, baz, lng tnh hay trung tnh ? Ti 4 sao ? Trn c s , hy d on gi tr pH ca cc dung dch cho di y : Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4.

Bi 2. 25oC, hng s phn li axit ca axit axetic l Ka 1,75.105 . Hy tnh nng ca ion H v in li ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M. 3. pH. Cht ch th axit - baz Bi 1. Ho tan m gam kim loi Ba vo nc thu c 2,0 lt dung dch X c pH = 13. Tnh m. Bi 2. C ba l mt nhn ng 3 dung dch trong sut : dung dch CH3COOH c pH = 5, dung dch CH3COONa c pH = 10 v dung dch NaCl c pH = 7. Hy dng mt cht ch th nhn bit cc ho cht trn. Bi 3. Dung dch X l mt dung dch baz yu c pH = 8, dung dch Y l dung dch axit yu c pH = 5. Nu dng cht ch th l phenolphtalein th c nhn bit c cc dung dch X v Y hay khng ? Hy gii thch. 4. Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li Bi 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng (nu c) xy ra trong dung dch gia cc cp cht sau : a) NaCl b) Na2CO3 c) Na3PO4 d) ZnS e) KNO3 + + + + + AgNO3 HCl HCl HCl NaCl NaNO3 + AgCl

Bi 2. C th tn ti cc dung dch cha ng thi tng nhm cc ion sau y hay khng ? Hy gii thch.

 a) HCO3 , Na , Ba 2 , H b) HCO3 , K , Ca 2 , OH

c) Zn 2 , S2 , Na , Cl d) Fe3 , Cl , Na , HS 5. Mui, phn loi mui, s thu phn v mi trng ca mui Bi 1. Cc mui FeCl3, Na2CO3 v KCl l cc mui trung ho hay mui axit, trong dung dch chng c b thu phn hay khng ? Dung dch cc mui ny s c mi trng g ? Bi 2. Mt dung dch cha 2 cation l Fe2+ (0,1 mol) v Al3+ (0,2 mol) v hai anion l
Cl (a mol) v SO2 (b mol). Tnh a, b bit rng khi c cn dung dch thu c 4 46,9 gam cht rn khan.

6. Bi tp tng hp Bi 1. a) S in li l g ? Lm th no bit c mt cht khi tan vo nc c in li hay khng ? b) in li l g ? in li c gii hn trong khong no v ph thuc vo nhng yu t no ? c) Th no l cht in li mnh, cht in li yu v cht khng in li ? Cho cc v d minh ho. Bi 2. Tnh nng mol ca cation v anion trong cc dung dch sau : a) Mg(NO3)2 0,10M. b) HCl 0,02M. c) NaOH 0,01M. Bi 3. Dung dch A c cha 3,0 gam axit CH3COOH trong 250 ml dung dch. Cho bit in li ca axit axetic trong dung dch ny l 1,4%. Tnh nng mol cc ion c trong dung dch A.
Bi 4. Trong mt dung dch c cc ion Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, HCO3 , Cl . Hy tr li cc cu hi sau v gii thch :

a) Trong dung dch c th c nhng mui no ? b) Khi c cn dung dch thu c nhng cht rn no ? c) Khi nung hn hp cht rn, sau khi c cn c th thu c nhng cht g ? Bi 5. Theo nh ngha v axit - baz ca Bron-stt, cc cht v ion sau y ng vai tr l axit, baz, lng tnh hay trung tnh : NH , [Al(H2O)6]3+, C6H5O , S2 , 4
Zn(OH)2, HSO , HCO3 , K+, SO2 ? Ti sao ? 4 4

Bi 6. Dng thuyt Bron-stt hy gii thch v sao cc cht Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3, H2O,
HCO3 c coi l nhng cht lng tnh ?

Bi 7. Hy gii thch ti sao nc nguyn cht c pH = 7 v nc c ho tan CO2 li c pH < 7 ? Bi 8. Cho a mol NO2 hp th vo dung dch c cha a mol NaOH. Dung dch thu c c pH ln hn hay nh hn 7 (bit HNO2 l mt axit yu). Bi 9. Theo quan im mi v axit - baz (theo Bron-stt) th phn nhm-amoni, c cng thc l NH4Al(SO4)2.12H2O v soa, c cng thc l Na2CO3, l axit hay baz. Vit phng trnh ho hc gii thch. Bi 10. Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn ca dung dch NaHCO3 vi tng dung dch : H2SO4 long, KOH, Ba(OH)2 d. Trong mi phn ng , ion
HCO3 ng vai tr axit hay baz.

Bi 11. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau : a) dung dch A : H2SO4 0,01M. b) dung dch B : NaOH 0,01M. c) dung dch C : to bi dung dch A trn vi dung dch B theo t l th tch tng ng l 1 : 2. Bi 12. Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c in li = 1%. Vit phng trnh in li ca CH3COOH v tnh pH ca dung dch ny. Bi 13. Tnh in li ca dung dch axit HA 0,1M c pH = 3. Vic thm mt t dung dch HCl vo dung dch HA c lm thay i in li ca axit ny khng ? Bi 14. trung ho 50 ml hn hp X gm HCl v H2SO4 cn dng 20 ml dung dch NaOH 0,3M. C cn dung dch sau khi trung ho thu c 0,381 gam mui khan. a) Xc nh nng mol ca cc axit trong X. b) Tnh pH ca dung dch X. Bi 15. Trn ln 50,0 ml dung dch HCl 0,12M vi 50,0 ml dung dch NaOH 0,10M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi 16. Cho dung dch A gm HCl v H2SO4. Trung ho va ht 1 lt dung dch A cn 400 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. C cn dung dch to thnh th thu c 12,9 gam mui khan. a) Tnh nng mol ca cc axit c trong dung dch A. b) Tnh pH ca dung dch A. Bi 17. Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,025M cn cho vo 100 ml dung dch gm HNO3 v HCl c pH = 1,0 pH ca hn hp thu c bng 2,0. Bi 18. Pha long 10 ml dung dch HCl vo nc thnh 250 ml, dung dch thu c c pH = 3. Hy tnh nng ca HCl trc khi pha long v pH ca dung dch .

Bi 19. Cho V1 ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 13. Pha long dung dch ny bng nc ct thu c V2 ml dung dch NaOH c pH=10. Th tch V2 s ln hn th tch V1 bao nhiu ln ? Bi 20. Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 13 (dung dch A). a) Pha long V1 ml dung dch A bng nc ct thnh V2 ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 11. Th tch V2 s ln hn th tch V1 bao nhiu ln ? b) Cho 0,535 gam mui NH4Cl vo 100 ml dung dch A, un si dung dch, sau lm ngui v nh thm vi git phenolphtalein. Hi dung dch c mu g ? Bi 21. a) So snh pH ca cc dung dch HCl v CH3COOH c cng nng mol. Gii thch. So snh (c gii thch) nng mol ca cc dung dch CH3COONa v NaOH c cng pH. Bi 22. Th no l mui trung ho, mui axit. Cho v d. Axit photphor (H3PO3) l axit hai ln axit. Vy hp cht Na2HPO3 l mui axit hay mui trung ho ?
2 Bi 23. Trong 3 dung dch c cc loi ion sau : Ba 2 ; Mg2 ; Na ; SO2 ; CO3 v 4 NO3 . Mi dung dch ch cha mt loi anion v mt cation. Hy xc nh cc

dung dch mui ny. Bi 24. Trong dung dch c th tn ti ng thi cc ion sau y c khng ? Gii thch. a) Na+, Cu2+, Cl v OH . b) K+, Ba 2 , Cl v SO2 . 4 c) K+, Fe2+, Cl v SO2 . 4
d) HCO3 , H+ (H3O+), Na+ v Cl .

Bi 25. C 3 ng nghim ng cc dung dch long, mi ng nghim cha 2 anion v 2 cation (khng trng lp gia cc ng nghim). Hy xc nh cc cation v anion trong tng ng nghim, bit chng gm cc ion sau : NH ; Na+; Ag+; Ba2+; Mg2+; 4
2 Al3+; Cl; Br; NO3 ; SO2 ; PO3 ; CO3 . 4 4

Bi 26. Mt dung dch cha a mol Na+, b mol Ca2+, c mol HCO3 v d mol Cl .

a) Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d. b) Lp cng thc tnh tng khi lng mui trong dung dch. Bi 27. Kt qu xc nh nng mol ca cc ion trong mt dung dch nh sau : Na+ : 0,05M
; Ca2+ : 0,01M ; NO3 : 0,01M ; Cl : 0,04M v HCO3 : 0,025M. Hi kt qu

ng hay sai, ti sao ?

Bi 28. Hon thnh cc phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng sau di dng phn t v ion thu gn. a) BaCl2 b) Ba(OH)2 c) Na2SO4 d) NaCl e) Na2CO3 f) FeCl3 g) CuCl2 h) CaCO3 + ? BaSO4 + ? BaSO4 + ? NaNO3 + ? NaNO3 + ? NaCl + ? + ? + ? + ? + ? + ?

+ ? Fe(OH)3 + ? + ? Cu(OH)2 + ? + ? CaCl2 + ? + ?