BI TP HALOGEN

A. L THUYT
Dng 1. Gii thch hin tng v vit PTHH
Cu 1: Hy gii thch v vit phng trnh phn ng (nu c) gii thch ti sao:
a) Kh clo m c tnh ty mu? clo kh c tnh ty mu khng?
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b) HCl c bc khi trong khng kh m?
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c) C th iu ch c nc clo nhng khng th iu ch c nc flo?
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d) Khng dng chai, l bng thu tinh ng axit HF?
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e) Nc clo, nc Javen, clorua vi li c tnh ty mu?
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Cu 2: Hy nu v gii thch hin tng xy ra (nu c) cho cc trng hp sau:
a) a mu giy mu tm t vo bnh ng kh clo.
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b) Nh t git dung dch AgNO3 vo ng nghim ng dung dch NaCl, sau a ng nghim ra
ngoi nh sng.
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c) a tn que m hng vo ming ng nghim (trong ng nghim cha hn hp KClO3 + MnO2
ang t nng).
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b) Dn kh clo vo dung dch KI + h tinh bt.
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Cu 3: Bng cc phng trnh phn ng hy chng minh tnh cht ho hc ca cc halogen gim dn t
flo n it.
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Cu 4: a) Trnh by mt s phng php iu ch clo v hiro clorua? Phng php no c dng
trong cng nghip? Trong phng th nghim?
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b) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch nc Javen, clorua vi v kaliclorat.
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Cu 5: a) Trnh by 5 phng trnh phn ng c th to ra HCl trc tip t Cl2.
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b) Bng cc PTP hy chng minh axit clohiric c th tham gia cc phn ng vi vai tr l:
- Cht kh........................................................................................................................................
- Cht oxi ha...................................................................................................................................
- Cht trao i (trong phn ng trao i)............................................................................................
Cu 6: Cho bit cc cht sau c cng tn ti hay khng? Ti sao?
a.
NaCl & Br2 .
b.
Cl2 & dung dch KI.
c.
HCl
&
Na2CO3
d.
Cl2 & kh H2S
e.
N2
&
Cl2
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dd
HCl&
AgNO3
.
g.
CuO & dd HCl
h.
Cl2
&
dd
NaBr

i.
dd
NaOH
&
Cl2
j.
dd
HCl&
Fe3O4

k.
Ag2O
&
dd
HCl
.
f.

Cu 6: a) Vit cng thc cu to cc axit c cha oxi ca clo v cho bit lin kt gia cc nguyn t
trong phn t ca nhng axit ny thuc loi no?
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b) A, B, C, D l nhng hp cht khc nhau ca clo trong clo ln lt c s oxi ha l -1, -1, +5 v
-1. Hy chn cc cht thch hp v vit phng trnh phn ng thc hin bin ha sau (ghi r
iu kin phn ng nu c) (1)
(2)
Cl2

(3)

(4)
C

(5)

(6)

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Cu 7: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng khi cho kh CO2 i qua cc dung dch nc Javen, dung dch
Ca(OCl)2.
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Cu 8: Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau ( ghi r iu kin)
Mt s kin thc cn ch khi lm bi tp chui phn ng:
- Tnh tan ca mt s mui:
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- Kh nng phn ng ca mt s loi cht
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(1)
( 2)
(3)
( 4)
(5)
(6)
a. NaCl
HCl
FeCl2
FeCl3
AgCl
Cl2
Clorua vi

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(1)
( 2)
(3)
( 4)
(5)
(6)
b. NaCl
Cl2
KClO3
KCl
HCl
FeCl3
NaCl
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(1)
( 2)
(3)
( 4)
(5)
(6)
c. KClO3
Cl2
Clorua vi
Cl2
NaClO
Cl2
nc clo
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(1)
( 2)
(3)
( 4)
d. Natri clorua
Hidr clorua
Magi clorua
Kali clorua
Kh clo
(5)
(6)
Kali clorat Kali peclorat
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e. MnO2 Cl2 HCl Cl2 NaClO NaCl Cl2.
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f. NaCl NaOH NaCl HCl Cl2 KClO3 KCl KNO3.
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g. KMnO4 Cl2 NaCl HCl CuCl2
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h. NaCl Cl2 NaClO NaCl HCl.
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i. MnO2 Cl2 HCl NaCl Cl2 Br2
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j. KClO3 KCl Cl2 NaCl HCl
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Cu 9: Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng theo s sau (ghi r iu kin phn ng nu c).
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a)
CaOCl

HCl

(13
)

FeCl2

(14
)

(10 (11 (12

)
)
) (15
FeCl (9)
Cl2 )
3

(1)

(2)

(3)

FeCl
3

NaCl
O

(16
)**
(17
)

NaCl

KClO3
Cl2
Br2
I2
NaCl
KCl
AgCl
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
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b.
KMnO4 + A B + MnCl2 + Cl2 + C
Cl2 + D(dd) B + KClO3 + C
KClO3 B + E

B+C

.ph
n
m.n.

D +F + Cl2

D + G Fe(OH)3 + B
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c.

KClO3 A + B
A + MnO2 + H2SO4 C + D + E + F
fnc
A G+C
G + H2O L + M
t0
C + L KClO3 + A + F
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Dng 2. Nhn bit iu ch
Cu 8: Bng phng php ho hc hy phn bit cc l mt nhn ng ring r cc cht sau:
a) HCl, NaCl, BaCl2
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b) HCl, NaCl, NaNO3, HNO3
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c) NaCl, Na2CO3, Na2SO4
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d) NaCl, HCl, NaOH, Na2SO4, H2SO4
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Cu 9: a) Ch dng CaCO3 c th phn bit c 3 dung dch sau y khng: NaOH, HCl, H2SO4
long. Nu c hy trnh by cch phn bit.
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b) C 5 gi bt mu tng t nhau: CuO, FeO, MnO2, Ag2O, (Fe + FeO), ch dng dung dch HCl
c th phn bit 5 gi bt khng?
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Bi tp iu ch
Cu 10: T NaCl, H2SO4, Fe Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch FeCl3, FeCl2.
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Cu 11: T KCl v H2O vit phng trnh iu ch: nc Javen, Kalipeclorat
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Cu 12: T MnO2, NaCl, H2O vit phng trnh iu ch HCl v O2 .
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B. BI TON
Dng 3. Ton hn hp
Bi 1: Cho 11,9 (g) hn hp G gm Al v Zn tc dng va vi 400 (ml) dung dch HCl 2 (M) thu
c m (g) hn hp mui Gv V (l) kh (kc).
a) Tnh khi lng tng cht trong G.
b) Tnh th tch kh thot ra (kc).
c) Tnh khi lng hn hp mui G. S: 5,4 (g) ; 6,5 (g) ; 8,96 (l) ; 40,3 (g)
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Bi 2: Cho 8 gam hn hp Mg v Fe tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 14,6%thu c 4,48 lt H2
(ktc).
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a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp.
b) Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl dng.
c) Tnh C% cc mui trong dung dch sau phn ng.
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Bi 3: Ho tan hon ton 15 gam hn hp Mg, Al2O3 bng dung dch HCl long. Sau phn ng thu c
4,48 lt kh (ktc).
a) Tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp.
b) Cn dng 500ml dung dch HCl c nng mol/l bng bao nhiu ho tan va ht hn hp trn.
Tnh CM cc mui trong dung dch sau phn ng (Bit th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k).
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Bi 4: C 26,6 gam hn hp KCl v NaCl. Ho tan hn hp vo nc thnh 400 gam dung dch A. Cho
dung dch A tc dng vi AgNO3 d th thu c 57,4 g kt ta. Tnh C% mi mui trong dung dch A.
S: KCl 2,98% ; NaCl 2,34%
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Bi 5: Chia 35 (g) hn hp X cha Fe, Cu, Al thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
Phn I: cho tc dng hon ton dung dch HCl d thu 6,72 (l) kh (kc).
Phn II: cho tc dng va 10,64 (l) kh clo (kc).
Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X.
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Dng 4. Xc nh CTPT
Bi 6: Ha tan 16 (g) oxit ca kim loi R ha tr III cn dng 109,5 (g) dung dch HCl 20%. Xc nh tn
R.
S:Fe
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Bi 7:Ha tan 15,3 (g) oxit ca kim loi M ha tr II vo mt lng dung dch HCl 18,25% thu c
20,8 (g) mui. Xc nh tn M v khi lng dung dch HCl dng. S: Ba ; 40 (g)
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Bi 8:Ha tan 21,2 (g) mui R2CO3 vo mt lng dung dch HCl 2 (M) thu c 23,4 (g) mui. Xc
nh tn R v th tch dung dch HCl dng. S: Na ; 200 (ml)
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Bi 9: ho tan 4 gam st oxit cn 52,14ml dung dch HCl 10% (d =1,05g/ml).
Xc nh cng thc st xit.
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Bi 10: Cho 5,4 gam kim loi M (ho tr khng i ) tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 20%, sau phn
ng thu c 6,72 lit H2 (ktc) v dung dch A.
a) Xc nh kim loi M.
b) Tnh C% cc cht c trong dung dch A.
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Bi 11: Khi clo ho mt kim loi ta thu c 42,47 gam mui clorua ca kim loi ho tr III v tn ht
6,72 lt Cl2 (ktc).
a) Xc nh kim loi.
b) Cn bao nhiu gam MnO2 v bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 30% (d = 1,15 g/ml) iu ch lng
Cl2 dng trn.
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Bi 12: Ho tan 2,08 gam mt mui halogen ca kim loi ho tr II vo nc, sau chia thnh hai phn
bng nhau.
- Phn th nht cho tc dng vi AgNO3 d thu c 1,435 gam kt ta.
- Phn th hai cho tc dng vi Na2CO3 d thu c 0,985 gam kt ta. Xc nh cng thc ca mui.
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Bi 13: Cho m gam KMnO4 tc dng ht vi HCl c, lm thot ra V lt kh clo (o ktc). thm nc
vo dung dch to thnh sau phn ng thu c 400ml dung dch A. Chia A thnh 2 phn u nhau.
- trung ho phn I cn s dng 150ml dung dch NaOH 0,2 M.
- Cho lng d dung dch AgNO3 vo phn II to thnh 8,61 gam kt ta.
a) Tnh m v V
b) Tnh nng mol/l cc cht c trong dung dch A.
(Trch thi hc sinh gii thnh ph H Ni - Vng 1 - nm 1999/2000)
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Bi 14: Hn hp NaI v NaBr ho tan vo nc c dung dch A cho thm Brom va vo dung dch
A c mui X c khi lng nh hn khi lng ca hn hp mui ban u l a gam. Ho tan X vo
nc c dung dch B, sc kh clo va vo dung dch B, thu c mui Y c khi lng nh hn
khi lng ca mui X l a gam.
Hy tnh % v khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp mui ban u (Coi Cl2, Br2 , I2 khng phn ng
vi nc).
(Trch TTS vo trng H Lut H Ni 1999/2000)
Bi 15: Cho 31,84 gam hn hp NaX, NaY (X, Y l hai Halogen 2 chu k lin tip) vo dung dch
AgNO3 d thu c 57,34 gam kt ta. Tm cng thc ca NaX, NaY v tnh khi lng mi mui.
(Trch TTS vo trng HSP TPHCM 2000/2001)
Bi 16: Mt hn hp 3 mui NaF, NaCl, NaBr nng 4,82 gam ho tan hon ton vo nc c dung
dch A. Sc kh Clo d vo dung dch A ri c cn hon ton dung dch sau phn ng thu c 3,93
gam mui khan. Ly mt na lng mui khan ny ho tan vo nc ri cho phn ng vi dung dch
AgNO3 d th thu c 4,305 gam kt ta. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh thnh phn
% khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban u.
(Trch TTS vo trng HQG TPHCM - t 1
nm 2000/2001)
Dng 5: Ton hiu sut
Lng ban u = .........................................................................................................................................
Lng to thnh = .......................................................................................................................................
Bi 17: Tnh khi lng Mangan ioxit cn dng iu ch 5,6 lt Clo (ktc). Bit Hiu sut phn ng
bng 80%.
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Bi 18: Cho 8,4 gam Fe tc dng vi kh Clo d. Tnh khi lng sn phm to thnh bit hiu sut phn
ng l 90%.
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Bi 19: Cho 8,4 gam Fe tc dng vi kh Clo thu c 16,25 gam mui. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng.
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Bi 20: Cho 19,5 gam Zn phn ng vi 7 lt Clo (ktc) th thu c 36,72 gam ZnCl2. Tnh hiu sut
phn ng.
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Bi 21: t chy 11,2 gam Fe trong 3,36 lt kh clo (ktc) thu c 13 gam mui. Tnh hiu sut ca
phn ng.
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Bi 22:Tnh khi lng Natri v th tch kh Clo cn dng iu ch 4,68 gam mui natri clorua, bit
hiu sut phn ng l 80%.
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MT S BI TON VN DNG NH LUT BO TON KHI LNG
Bi 23: Cho 200ml dung dch HCl tc dng va vi 28,4 gam hn hp 2 mui Cacbonat ca 2 kim
loi ho tr II ngi ta thu c 6,72 lit kh (ktc).
a) Tnh khi lng cc mui thu c sau phn ng .
b) Tnh CM ca dung dch HCl.
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Bi 24: Cho 25,3 (g) hn hp A gm Al, Fe, Mg tc dng va vi 400 (ml) dung dch HCl 2,75 (M)
thu c m (g) hn hp mui X v V (ml) kh (kc). Xc nh m (g) v V (ml).
S: 64,35 (g) ; 12,32 (l)
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