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Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 1

A - PHN M U
I. L DO CHN TI.
Hin nay, khi m hnh thc thi trc nghim khch quan c p dng trong cc
k thi tt nghip v tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng th yu cu v vic nhn dng
gii nhanh v ti u cc cu trc nghim, c bit l cc cu trc nghim nh lng
l rt cn thit c th t c kt qu cao trong k thi. Trong thi tuyn sinh
H v C nm 2010, mn Vt L c nhng cu trc nghim nh lng kh kh
m cc thi trc cha c, nu cha gp v cha gii qua ln no th th sinh
kh m gii nhanh v chnh xc cc cu ny.
gip cc em hc sinh nhn dng c cc cu trc nghim nh lng t
c th gii nhanh v chnh xc tng cu, ti xin tp hp ra y cc bi tp in hnh
trong sch gio khoa, trong sch bi tp, trong cc thi tt nghip THPT, thi tuyn
sinh H C trong nhng nm qua v phn chng thnh nhng dng c bn t
a ra phng php gii cho tng dng. Hy vng rng tp ti liu ny gip ch c
mt cht g cho cc qu ng nghip trong qu trnh ging dy v cc em hc
sinh trong qu trnh kim tra, thi c.
II. I TNG V PHM VI P DNG
1) i tng s dng ti:
Gio vin dy mn Vt l lp 12 tham kho hng dn hc sinh gii bi tp.
Hc sinh hc lp 12 luyn tp kim tra, thi mn Vt L.
2) Phm vi p dng:
Phn dng in xoay chiu ca chng trnh Vt L 12 Ban C bn.
III. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
Xc nh i tng p dng ti.
Tp hp cc bi tp in hnh trong sch gio khoa, trong sch bi tp, trong cc
thi tt nghip THPT, thi tuyn sinh H C trong ba nm qua (t khi thay sch)
v phn chng thnh cc bi tp minh ha ca nhng dng bi tp c bn.
H thng cc cng thc, kin thc lin quan v phng php gii cho tng
dng.
C li gii cc bi tp minh ha cc em hc sinh c th kim tra so snh vi
bi gii ca mnh.
Cc cu trc nghim luyn tp l thi Tt nghip i hc Cao ng trong
ba nm qua.

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 2

B - NI DUNG
CC DNG BI TP V DNG IN XOAY CHIU
1. i cng v dng in xoay chiu
* Cc cng thc:
Biu thc ca i v u: I0cos(t + i); u = U0cos(t + u).
lch pha gia u v i: = u - i.
I
U
E

2
Cc gi tr hiu dng: I = 0 ; U = 0 ; E = 0 . Chu k; tn s: T =
;f=
.

2
2
2
2
Trong 1 giy dng in xoay chiu c tn s f (tnh ra Hz) i chiu 2f ln.
T thng qua khung dy ca my pht in:

= NBScos( n , B ) = NBScos(t + ) = 0cos(t + ); vi 0 = NBS.


Sut ng trong khung dy ca my pht in:

d
e== - = NBSsin(t + ) = E0cos(t + - ); vi E0 = 0 = NBS.
2
dt
* Bi tp minh ha:
1. Dng in xoay chiu c cng i = 4cos120t (A). Xc nh cng hiu
dng ca dng in v cho bit trong thi gian 2 s dng in i chiu bao nhiu
ln?
2. Mt n ng lm vic vi in p xoay chiu u = 220 2 cos100t (V). Tuy nhin
n ch sng khi iu p t vo n c |u| = 155 V. Hi trung bnh trong 1 s c bao
nhiu ln n sng?
3. Dng in chy qua mt on mch c biu thc i = I 0cos100t. Trong khong
thi gian t 0 n 0,02 s, xc nh cc thi im cng dng in c gi tr tc
thi c gi tr bng: a) 0,5 I0; b) 2 I0.
2

4. Ti thi im t, in p u = 200 2 cos(100t - 2 ) ( u tnh bng V, t tnh bng s) c


1
gi tr l 100 2 V v ang gim. Xc nh in p ny sau thi im
s.
300
5. in p xoay chiu gia hai im A v B bin thin iu ha vi biu thc

u = 220 2 cos(100t + ) (trong u tnh bng V, t tnh bng s). Ti thi im t1 n c


6
gi tr tc thi u1 = 220 V v ang c xu hng tng. Hi ti thi im t2 ngay sau t1 5 ms
th n c gi tr tc thi u2 bng bao nhiu?
6. Mt khung dy dn phng dt hnh ch nht c 500 vng dy, din tch mi vng
54 cm2. Khung dy quay u quanh mt trc i xng (thuc mt phng ca khung),
trong t trng u c vect cm ng t vung gc vi trc quay v c ln
B = 0,2 T. Tnh t thng cc i qua khung dy. sut in ng cm ng xut
hin trong khung dy c tn s 50 Hz th khung dy phi quay vi tc bao nhiu
vng/pht?
7. Mt khung dy dn phng dt hnh ch nht c 500 vng dy, din tch mi vng
l 220 cm2. Khung dy quay u vi tc 50 vng/s quanh trc i xng nm

trong mt phng khung dy, trong mt t trng u c vc t cm ng t B vung


Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 3

gc vi trc quay v c ln

2 T. Tnh sut in ng cc i xut hin trong


5

khung dy.
8. Mt khung dy dn hnh ch nht c 1500 vng, din tch mi vng 100 cm 2,
quay u quanh trc i xng ca khung vi tc gc 120 vng/pht trong mt t
trng u c cm ng t bng 0,4 T. Trc quay vung gc vi cc ng sc t.
Chn gc thi gian l lc vc t php tuyn ca mt phng khung dy cng hng
vi vc t cm ng t. Vit biu thc sut in ng cm ng tc thi trong khung.

2.102
9. T thng qua 1 vng dy dn l =
cos(100t - 4 ) (Wb). Tm biu thc

ca sut in ng cm ng gia hai u cun dy gm 150 vng dy ny.


* Hng dn gii
I

1. Ta c: I = 0 = 2 2 A; f = 2 = 60 Hz.
2
Trong 2 giy dng in i chiu 4f = 240 ln.
2. n ch sng khi in p t vo n c |u| 155 V, do trong mt chu k s c
1
2 ln n sng. Trong 1 giy c 2 = 50 chu k nn s c 100 ln n sng.

3. a) Ta c: 0,5I0 = I0cos100t cos100t = cos( 3 ) 100t = 3 + 2k


1
t = 300 + 0,02k; vi k Z. Cc nghim dng nh hn hoc bng 0,02 s trong
1
1
2 h nghim ny l t =
s v t =
s.
300
60

b) Ta c: 2 I0 = I0cos100t cos100t = cos( ) 100t = + 2k


4
4
2
1
t = 400 + 0,02k; vi k Z. Cc nghim dng nh hn hoc bng 0,02 s trong
1
7
2 h nghim ny l t =
s v t =
s.
400
400

4. Ti thi im t: u = 100 2 = 200 2 cos(100t - )


2

1
cos(100t - 2 ) = 2 = cos( 3 ). V u ang gim nn ta nhn nghim (+)

1
100t - 2 = 3 t = 120 (s).
1
Sau thi im
s, ta c:
300

1
1
2
u = 200 2 cos(100(
+
) - ) = 200 2 cos
= - 100 2 (V).
2
120 300
3

5. Ta c: u1 = 220 = 220 2 cos(100t1 + ) cos(100t1 + ) = 2 = cos( ) .


6
6
4
2

1
V u ang tng nn ta nhn nghim (-) 100t1 + 6 = - 4 t1 = - 240 s
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 4

0,2
t2 = t1 + 0,005 = 240 s u2 = 220 2 cos(100t2 + 6 ) = 220 V.
60 f
6. Ta c: 0 = NBS = 0,54 Wb; n = p = 3000 vng/pht.
7. Ta c: f = n = 50 Hz; = 2f = 100 rad/s; E0 = NBS = 220 2 V.
n
8. Ta c: 0 = NBS = 6 Wb; = 60 2 = 4 rad/s;

= 0cos( B, n ) = 0cos(t + ); khi t = 0 th ( B, n ) = 0 = 0.

Vy = 6cos4t (Wb); e = - = 24sin4t = 24cos(4t - 2 ) (V).

3
2.102
9. Ta c: e = - N = 150.100
sin(100t - 4 ) = 300cos(100t 4 ) (V).

2. Tm cc i lng trn on mch xoay chiu c R, L, C


* Cc cng thc:
1
Cm khng, dung khng, tng tr: ZL = L; ZC = C ; Z = R 2 + (Z L - Z C ) 2 .
U U R U L UC
nh lut m: I =
=
= Z = Z .
Z
R
C
L
Z Z
Gc lch pha gia u v i: tan = L C .
R
2
R
U R
Cng sut: P = UIcos = I2R = 2 . H s cng sut: cos = Z .
Z
in nng tiu th mch in: W = A = Pt.
* Phng php gii:
tm cc i lng trn on mch xoay chiu ta vit biu thc lin quan n
cc i lng bit v i lng cn tm t suy ra v tnh i lng cn tm.
Trong mt s trng hp ta c th dng gin vc t gii bi ton.

Trn on mch khuyt thnh phn no th ta cho thnh phn bng 0. Nu


mch va c in tr thun R v va c cun dy c in tr thun r th in tr
thun ca mch l (R + r).
* Bi tp minh ha:
1. Nu t vo hai u cun dy in p 1 chiu 9 V th cng dng in trong
cun dy l 0,5 A. Nu t vo hai u cun dy in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu
dng l 9 V th cng hiu dng ca dng in qua cun dy l 0,3 A. Xc nh
in tr thun v cm khng ca cun dy.
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 5

2. Mt in tr thun R = 30 v mt cun dy c mc ni tip vi nhau thnh


mt on mch. Khi t in p khng i 24 V vo hai u on mch ny th
dng in i qua n c cng 0,6 A; khi t mt in p xoay chiu tn s 50 Hz
vo hai u on mch, th dng in qua n lch pha 45 0 so vi in p ny. Tnh
t cm ca cun dy, tng tr ca cun dy v tng tr ca c on mch.
3. Mt m in hot ng bnh thng khi ni vi mng in xoay chiu c in p
hiu dng l 220 V, in tr ca m khi l 48,4 . Tnh nhit lng do m ta ra
trong thi gian mt pht.
4. Mt on mch gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun L v t in C mc ni
tip. Cng dng in tc thi i qua mch c biu thc i = 0,284cos120t (A).
Khi in p hiu dng gia hai u in tr, cun dy v t in c gi tr tng
ng l UR = 20 V; UL = 40 V; UC = 25 V. Tnh R, L, C, tng tr Z ca on mch v
in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch.

5. t in p u = 100cos(t + 6 ) (V) vo hai u on mch RLC th dng in

qua mch l i = 2 cos(t + 3 ) (A). Tnh cng sut tiu th v in tr thun ca


on mch.
6. t in p u = 200 2 cos(100t) (V) vo hai u on mch AB gm hai on
mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on AM gm in tr thun R mc ni tip vi
cun cm thun L, on MB ch c t in C. Bit in p gia hai u on mch
AM v in p gia hai u on mch MB c gi tr hiu dng bng nhau nhng
2
lch pha nhau
. Tnh in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch AM.
3
7. Mt on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on mch
1
AM c in tr thun R = 50 ni tip vi cun cm thun c L = H, on mch

MB ch c t in vi in dung thay i c. t in p u = U0cos100t (V) vo


hai u on mch AB. iu chnh in dung ca t n gi tr C1 sao cho in p

hai u on mch AB lch pha 2 so vi in p hai u on mch AM. Tnh C1.


8. t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng khng i, tn s 50 Hz vo hai u
on mch mc ni tip gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun L v t in c in
104
104
dung C thay i c. iu chnh in dung C n gi tr
F hoc
F th
4
2
cng sut tiu th trn on mch u c gi tr bng nhau. Tnh t cm L.
9. t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 200 V v
tn s khng i vo hai u A v B nh hnh v. Trong
R l bin tr, L l cun cm thun v C l t in c
in dung thay i. Cc gi tr R, L, C hu hn v khc khng. Vi C = C 1 th in p
hiu dng gia hai u bin tr R c gi tr khng i v khc khng khi thay i gi
C
tr R ca bin tr. Tnh in p hiu dng gia A v N khi C = 1 .
2
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 6

10. t in p u = U 2 cost (V) vo hai u on mch gm cun cm thun


mc ni tip vi mt bin tr R. ng vi hai gi tr R1 = 20 v R2 = 80 ca bin
tr th cng sut tiu th trong on mch u bng 400 W. Tnh gi tr ca U.
11. t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng v tn s khng i vo hai u on
mch gm bin tr R mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C. Gi in p hiu dng
gia hai u t in, gia hai u bin tr v h s cng sut ca on mch khi bin
tr c gi tr R1 ln lt l UC1, UR1 v cos1; khi bin tr c gi tr R2 th cc gi tr
tng ng ni trn l UC2, UR2 v cos2. Bit UC1 = 2UC2, UR2 = 2UR1. Xc nh cos1
v cos2.
12. t in p u = U 2 cost vo hai u on mch AB gm hai on mch AN
v NB mc ni tip. on AN gm bin tr R mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c
1
t cm L, on NB ch c t in vi in dung C. t 1 =
. Xc nh
2 LC
tn s gc in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch AN khng ph thuc vo
R.
13. t in p u = U 2 cos 2 ft (U khng i, tn s f thay i c) vo hai u
on mch mc ni tip gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm L v t
in c in dung C. Khi tn s l f1 th cm khng v dung khng ca on mch
c gi tr ln lt l 6 v 8 . Khi tn s l f2 th h s cng sut ca on mch
bng 1. Tm h thc lin h gia f1 v f2.
14. Mt on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on mch
AM gm in tr thun R1 mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C, on mch MB
gm in tr thun R2 mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c t cm L. t in p
xoay chiu c tn s v gi tr hiu dng khng i vo hai u on mch AB. Khi
on mch AB tiu th cng sut bng 120 W v c h s cng sut bng 1. Nu
ni tt hai u t in th in p hai u on mch AM v MB c cng gi tr hiu

dng nhng lch pha nhau 3 . Tnh cng sut tiu th trn on mch AB trong
trng hp ny.
15. on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on mch AM
103
F , on mch MB
gm in tr thun R1 = 40 mc ni tip vi t in c C =
4
gm in tr thun R2 mc ni tip vi cun cm thun L. t vo A, B in p
xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng v tn s khng i th in p tc thi hai u
7
on mch AM v MB ln lt l: u AM = 50 2 cos(100t )(V) v
12
u MB = 150cos100t (V) . Tnh h s cng sut ca on mch AB.
16. t mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng v tn s khng i ln lt vo
hai u in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm L, t in c in dung C th
cng dng in hiu dng qua mch tng ng l 0,25 A; 0,5 A; 0,2 A. Tnh
cng dng in hiu dng qua mch nu t in p xoay chiu ny vo hai u
on mch gm ba phn t trn mc ni tip.
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 7

* Hng dn gii
U
U
1. Ta c: R = 1C = 18 ; Zd = XC = 30 ; ZL = Z d2 R 2 = 24 .
I
I
Z
U
2. Ta c: R + r = = 40 r = 10 ; L = tan = 1 ZL = R + r = 40
I
R+r
Z
L = 2Lf = 0,127 H; Zd = r 2 + Z L2 = 41,2 ; Z = ( R + r ) 2 + Z L2 = 40 2 .
U
U2
3. Ta c: I = = 4,55 A; P = I2R =
= 1000 W; Q = Pt = 60000 J = 60 kJ.
R
R
I
U
U
Z
4. Ta c: I = 0 = 0,2 A; R = R = 100 ; ZL = L = 200 ; L = L = 0,53 H;
I
I

2
1
U
ZC = C = 125 ; C = Z = 21,2.10-6 F; Z = R 2 + (Z L - Z C ) 2 = 125 ;
I
C
U = IZ = 25 V.

P
5. Ta c: = u - i = - 6 ; P = UIcos = 50 3 W; R = 2 = 25 3 .
I

2
2
2
6. Ta c: U AB = U AM + U MB U AB = U AM + U MB + 2UAMUMBcos( U AM, U MB).

2
V UAM = UMB v (U AM ,U MB ) =
U 2AB = U 2AM UAM = UAB = 220 V.
3
7. Ta c: ZL = L = 100 . V on mch AB c t in nn in p u AB tr pha hn

in p uAN AB - AN = - 2 AN = AB + 2

tan AN = tan( AB + 2 ) = - cotan AB


Z Z C1 Z L
.
tan AB.tan AN = L
= tan AB.(- cotan AB) = - 1
R
R
R1
1
8.105
ZC1 = Z + ZL = 125 C1 = Z =
F.

C1
L
1
1
U 2R U 2R
8. Ta c: ZC1 = 2 fC = 400 ; ZC2 = 2 fC = 200 . P1 = P2 hay 2 = 2
Z1
Z2
1
2
2

Z 12 = Z 2 hay R2 + (ZL ZC1)2 = R2 + (ZL ZC2)2 ZL =


L=

ZL
3
= H.
2 f

9. Khi C = C1 th UR = IR =
Khi C = C2 =
ZAB =

U .R
R 2 + ( Z L Z C1 ) 2

C1
th ZC2 = 2ZC1; ZAN =
2

R 2 + (Z L ZC 2 ) 2 =

Z C1 + Z C 2
= 300 ;
2

. UR khng ph thuc R th ZL = ZC1.

R 2 + Z L2 = R 2 + Z C21 ;

R 2 + Z C21 = ZAN UAN = IZAN = UZAB = UAB = 200 V.

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 8

U 2 R1
U 2 R2
10. Ta c: P = 2
=
ZL =
R1 + Z L2 R22 + Z L2

R1 R2 = 40 . U =

P ( R12 + Z L2 )
= 200 V.
R1

11. Ta c: UC1 = I1ZC = 2UC2 = 2I2ZC I1 = 2I2; UR2 = I2R2 = 2UR1 = 2I1R1 = 2.2I2R1
U

R2 = 4R1; I1 =

R +Z
2
1

2
C

= 2I2 = 2

U
R +Z
2
2

2
C

R 22 + Z C2 = 4R 12 + 4Z C2

16 R 12 + Z C2 = 4R 12 + 4Z C2 ZC = 2R1 Z1 =
R2 4 R1
R1
1
2
cos 1 = Z =
; cos 2 = Z = 2 Z =
.
5
5
2
1
1
12. UAN = IZAN =

U . R 2 + Z L2
R 2 + (Z L ZC )2

khng ph thuc vo R th:

R2 + Z 2L = R2 + (ZL ZC)2 ZC = 2ZL hay


=

R12 + Z C2 = 5 R1

1
= 2L
C

1
2
=
= 1 2 .
2 LC
2 LC

Z L1 2 f1L
Z L 2 2 f 2 L
6
=
= (2 f1)2 LC =
=
= (2 f1)2 LC
3
1
1
8 = v ZC 2
13. Ta c: ZC1
=1
4
2 f1C
2 f 2C
f 22
2
4
2 = 3 f2 =
f.
f1
3 1
14. Khi cha ni tt hai bn t, cos = 1, on mch c cng hng in, do :
Z
U2
PAB = R + R = 120 W. Khi ni tt hai bn t: tan MB = RL = 3 ZL = 3 R2;
1
2
2
UAM = UMB R1 =

R22 + Z L2 = R22 + ( 3R2 )2 = 2R2

3R2
U2
U2
ZL

3
=
=
tan =
= 6 ; PAB = R + R = 3R = 120
R1 + R2 3R2
3
1
2
2
U2 = 360R2;
U2
2
2
2
2
cos ' = 90 W.
Z = ( R1 + R2 ) + Z L = (3R2 ) + ( 3R2 ) = 2 3 R2. Vy: PAB =
Z'
U
1
15. Ta c: ZC =
= 40 ; ZAM = R12 + ZC2 = 40 2 ; I0 = Z AM = 1,25;
C
AM
ZC

7
tan AM = R = - 1 AM = - 4 ; i + AM = - 12
1

7
7
i = - 12 - AM = - 12 + 4 = - 3 ; i + MB = 0 MB = i = 3 ;
ZL
tan MB = R = 3 ZL = 3 R2;
2
U 0 MB
ZMB = I
= 120 = R22 + Z L2 = R22 + ( 3R2 )2 = 2R2
0
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 9

R2 = 60 ; ZL = 60 3 . Vy: cos =

R1 + R2

( R1 + R2 )2 + (Z L ZC )2 = 0,843.
U
U
U
16. Ta c: R = I = 4U; ZL = I = 2U; ZC = I = 5U;
C
R
L
U
U
I=
=
= 0,2 A.
Z U 42 + (2 5)2
3. Vit biu thc ca u v i trn on mch xoay chiu
* Cc cng thc:
Biu thc ca u v i: Nu i = I0cos(t + i) th u = (t + i + ).
Nu u = U0cos(t + u) th i = I0cos(t + u - ).
U
Z Z
U
Vi: I = ; I0 = 0 ; I0 = I 2 ; U0 = U 2 ; tan = L C ; ZL > ZC th u nhanh
Z
Z
R
pha hn i; ZL < ZC th u chm pha hn i.
on mch ch c in tr thun R: u cng pha vi i; on mch ch c cun thun

cm L: u sm pha hn i gc 2 ; on mch ch c t in u tr pha hn i gc 2 .


Trng hp in p gia hai u on mch l u = U0cos(t + ). Nu on mch

ch c t in th: i = I0cos(t + + 2 ) = - I0sin(t + ) hay mch ch c cun cm

th: i = I0cos(t + - 2 ) = I0sin(t + ) hoc mch c c cun cm thun v t


i2
u2
in m khng c in tr thun R th: i = I0sin(t + ). Khi ta c: I 2 + U 2
0
0
= 1.
* Phng php gii: vit biu thc cng dng in chy qua on mch
hoc vit biu thc in p gia hai u mt on mch ta tnh gi tr cc i ca
cng dng in hoc in p cc i tng ng v gc lch pha gia in p v
cng dng in ri thay vo biu thc tng ng.
Ch : Nu trong on mch c nhiu phn t R, L, C mc ni tip th trong Khi
tnh tng tr hoc lch pha gia u v i ta t R = R1 + R2 + ...; ZL = ZL1 + ZL2
+ ...; ZC = ZC1 + ZC2 + ... . Nu mch khng c in tr thun th ta cho R = 0; khng
c cun cm th ta cho ZL = 0; khng c t in th ta cho ZC = 0.
* Bi tp minh ha:
1. Mt t in c in dung C = 31,8 F, khi mc vo mch in th dng in chy
qua t in c cng i = 0,5cos100t (A). Vit biu thc in p gia hai bn t.
2. Cho on mch RLC gm R = 80 , L = 318 mH, C = 79,5 F. in p gia hai
u on mch l: u = 120 2 cos100t (V). Vit biu thc cng dng in chy
trong mch v tnh in p hiu dng gia hai u mi dng c.
1
103
3. Cho on mch xoay chiu RLC c R = 50 3 ; L = H; C =
F . in p
5
gia hai u on mch c biu thc uAB = 120cos100t (V). Vit biu thc cng
dng in trong mch v tnh cng sut tiu th ca mch.
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 10

4. Mt mch in AB gm in tr thun R = 50 , mc ni tip vi cun dy c


1
t cm L =
H, in tr R0 = 50 . t vo hai u on mch in p xoay chiu

uAB = 100 2 cos100t (V). Vit biu thc in p tc thi hai u cun dy.

5. t mt in p xoay chiu u = U0cos(100t - 3 ) (V) vo hai u mt t in c


2.104
in dung
(F). thi im in p gia hai u t in l 150 V th cng

dng in trong mch l 4 A. Vit biu thc cng dng in chy trong
mch.

6. t in p xoay chiu u = U0cos(100t + 3 ) (V) vo hai u mt cun cm


1
thun c t cm L =
H. thi im in p gia hai u cun cm l 100
2
2 V th cng dng in qua cun cm l 2 A. Vit biu thc cng dng
in chy qua cun cm.
2
7. Mch RLC gm cun thun cm c L =
H, in tr thun R = 100 v t in

104
c C =
F. Khi trong mch c dng in i = 2 cost (A) chy qua th h s

cng sut ca mch l 2 . Xc nh tn s ca dng in v vit biu thc in p


2
gia hai u on mch.
8. Cho mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun R = 10 , cun dy thun cm L
103
v t in C =
F mc ni tip. Biu thc ca in p gia hai bn t l
2
uC = 50 2 cos(100t 0,75) (V). Xc nh t cm cun dy, vit biu thc
cng dng in chy trong mch.
* Hng dn gii

1
1. Ta c: ZC =
= 100 ; U0C = I0ZC = 50 V; uC = 50cos(100t - ) (V).
2
C
1
2. Ta c: ZL = L = 100 ; ZC = C = 40 ;
Z Z
U
Z = R 2 + (Z L - Z C ) 2 = 100 ; I = = 1,2 A; tan = L C = tan370
Z
R
37
37
= 180 rad; i = 1,2 2 cos(100t - 180 ) (A); UR = IR = 96 V;
UL = IZL = 120 V; UC = IZC = 48 V.
1
3. Ta c: ZL = L = 100 ; ZC = C = 50 ; Z = R 2 + (Z L - Z C ) 2 = 100 ;
Z Z
U

tan = L C = tan300 = 6 rad; I0 = 0 = 1,2 A; i = 1,2cos(100t - 6 ) (A);


R
Z
2
P = I R = 62,4 W.
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 11

4. Ta c: ZL = L = 100 ; Z =

( R + R0 ) 2 + Z L2 = 100 2 ;

ZL
1

U
=
A; tan =
= tan 4
R + R0
Z
2

= 4 ; Zd = R02 + Z L2 = 112 ; Ud = IZd = 56 2 V;


ZL
63
tan d = R = tan630 d = 180 .
0

63
Vy: ud = 112cos(100t - 4 + 180 ) = 112cos(100t + 10 ) (V).

1
5. Ta c: ZC =
= 50 ; i = I0cos(100t - 3 + 2 ) = - I0sin(100t - 3 ).
C
u 2
i2
u2
i2
u2
2
Khi : I 2 + U 2 = 1 hay 2 + 2 2 = 1 I0 = i + ( ) = 5 A.
I0 I 0 ZC
ZC
0
0

Vy: i = 5cos(100t + 6 ) (A).


6. Ta c: ZL = L = 50 ; i = I0cos(100t + 3 - 2 ) = I0sin(100t + 3 ).
i2
u2
i2
u2
u 2
2
Khi : I 2 + U 2 = 1 hay 2 + 2 2 = 1 I0 = i + ( ) = 2 3 A.
ZL
I0 I0 Z L
0
0

Vy: i = 2 3 cos(100t - 6 ) (A).


R
R
7. Ta c: cos = Z Z = cos = 100 2 ; ZL ZC = Z 2 R 2 = 100
1
104
2fL - 2 fC = 4f - 2 f = 102 8f2 2.102f - 104 = 0
f = 50 Hz hoc f = 25 Hz; U = IZ = 100 2 V.

Vy: u = 200cos(100t + 4 ) (A) hoc u = 200cos(25t - 4 ) (A).


Z Z

1
3
8. Ta c: ZC =
= 20 ; - - 2 = = 4 ; tan = L C
C
4
R
UC
Z
3
ZL = ZC + R.tan = 30 L = L = 10 H; I = Z = 2,5 A.

Vy: i = 2,5 2 cos(100t - 4 ) (A).


4. Bi ton cc tr trn on mch xoay chiu
* Cc cng thc:
1
U
U2
Khi ZL = ZC hay =
th Z = Zmin = R; Imax = R ; Pmax =
; = 0 (u cng pha
LC
R
vi i). l cc i do cng hng in.
U 2R
Cng sut: P = I2R = 2 .
Z
I=

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 12

in p hiu dng gia hai u cun thun cm: UL = IZL =


in p hiu dng gia hai bn t: UC = IZC =

UZC
.
Z

UZ L
.
Z

* Phng php gii:


+ Vit biu thc i lng cn xt cc tr (I, P, UL, UC) theo i lng cn tm (R, L,
C, ).
+ Xt iu kin cng hng: nu trong mch xy ra hin tng cng hng th lp
lun suy ra i lng cn tm.
+ Nu khng c cng hng th bin i biu thc a v dng ca bt ng thc
Csi hoc dng ca tam thc bc hai c cha bin s tm cc tr.
Sau khi gii cc bi tp loi ny ta c th rt ra mt s cng thc sau s dng
khi cn gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim dng ny:
U2
U2
Cc i P theo R: R = |ZL ZC|. Khi Pmax = 2| Z Z | =
.
2R
L
C
R 2 + Z C2
Cc i UL theo ZL: ZL =
.
ZC
Khi ULmax =

U R 2 + Z C2
R

; U 2L max = U2 + U 2R + U C2

R 2 + Z L2
Cc i ca UC theo ZC: ZC =
.
ZL
U R 2 + Z L2
Khi UCmax =
; U C2 max = U2 + U 2R + U 2L
R
Cc i ca UL theo : UL = ULmax khi =

2
.
2 LC R 2C 2

1
R2
Cc i ca UC theo : UC = UCmax khi =
.

LC 2 L2
* Bi tp minh ha:
1. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong R = 60 , cun
1
dy thun cm c t cm L =
H, t in c in
2
dung C thay i c. t vo gia hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu n
nh: uAB = 120 2 cos100t (V). Xc nh in dung ca t in cho cng sut
tiu th trn on mch t gi tr cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i .
2. Mt on mch gm R = 50 , cun thun cm c t cm L v t in c in
2.104
dung C =
F mc ni tip. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu

c in p hiu dng 110 V, tn s 50 Hz. Th thy u v i cng pha vi nhau. Tnh


t cm ca cun cm v cng sut tiu th ca on mch.
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 13

3. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong in tr thun


R = 50 , cun dy thun cm c t cm L = 159 mH,
t in c in dung C = 31,8 F, in tr ca ampe k v dy ni khng ng k.
t vo gia hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu uAB = 200cost (V). Xc
nh tn s ca in p ampe k ch gi tr cc i v s ch ca ampe k lc .
4. t in p u = 100 2 cost (V), c thay i c vo hai u on mch
25
gm in tr thun R = 200 , cun cm thun c t cm L = 36 H v t in
104
c in dung C =
F mc ni tip. Cng sut tiu th ca on mch l 50 W.

Xc nh tn s ca dng in.
1
5. Cho mch in xoay chiu gm bin tr R, cun thun cm L =
H, t in
2
104
C=
F mc ni tip vi nhau. t vo hai u on mch in p xoay chiu

u = 220 2 cos100t (V). Xc nh in tr ca bin tr cng sut tiu th trn


on mch t gi tr cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i .
6. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong cun dy c in tr thun r = 90 , c
1,2
t cm L =
H, R l mt bin tr. t vo hai u on

mch mt in p xoay chiu n nh uAB = 200 2 cos100t (V). nh gi tr ca


bin tr R cng sut to nhit trn bin tr t gi tr cc i. Tnh cng sut cc
i .
104
7. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong R = 100 3 ; C =
F; cun dy thun
2
cm c t cm L thay i c. in p gia hai u
on mch l u = 200cos100t (V). Xc nh t cm ca
cun dy in p hiu dng trn cun cm L l cc i.
Tnh gi tr cc i .
8. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong R = 60 , cun dy thun cm c t
1
cm L =
H, t in c in dung C thay i c. t
2
vo gia hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu n
nh: uAB = 120 2 cos100t (V). Xc nh in dung ca t in in p gia hai
bn t t gi tr cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i .
2
9. Cho mt mch ni tip gm cun thun cm L =
H, in tr R = 100 , t

104
in C =
F. t vo mch in p xoay chiu u = 200 2 cost (V). Tm gi

tr ca :
a) in p hiu dng trn R t cc i.
b) in p hiu dng trn L t cc i.
c) in p hiu dng trn C t cc i.
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 14

10. t in p u = U 2 cost vi U khng i vo hai u on mch AB gm hai


on mch AN v NB mc ni tip. on AN gm bin tr R mc ni tip vi cun
1
cm thun L, on NB ch c t in, in dung C. Vi = 0 =
th cng
LC
dng in qua on mch t gi tr cc i. Tnh tn s gc theo 0 in
p hiu dng gia hai u on mch AN khng ph thuc vo R.
11. Ln lt t cc in p xoay chiu u1 = U 2 cos(100 t + 1) ;
u2 = U 2 cos(120 t + 2 ) v u3 =U 2 cos(110 t + 3 ) vo hai u on mch gm
in tr thun R, cun cm thun L v t in C mc ni tip th cng dng
in trong on mch c biu thc tng ng l: i1 = I 2 cos100 t ;
2
2
i2 = I 2 cos(120 t + ) v i3 = I ' 2 cos(110 t ) . So snh I v I.
3
3
12. t in p xoay chiu u = U 2 cos100 t vo hai u on mch mc ni
tip gm in tr thun R, t in c in dung C v cun cm thun c t cm
L thay i c. iu chnh L in p hiu dng hai u cun cm t gi tr
cc i th thy gi tr cc i bng 100 V v in p hiu dng hai u t in
bng 36 V. Tnh U.
13. t in p xoay chiu u = U0cost (U0 khng i v thay i c) vo hai
u on mch gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm L v t in c
in dung C mc ni tip, vi CR2 < 2L. Khi = 1 hoc = 2 th in p hiu
dng gia hai bn t in c cng mt gi tr. Khi = 0 th in p hiu dng gia
hai bn t in t cc i. Tm h thc lin h gia 1, 2 v 0.
14. t in p xoay chiu u = U 2 cos100t (U khng i, t tnh bng s) vo hai
1
u on mch mc ni tip gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm
5
H v t in c in dung C thay i c. iu chnh in dung ca t in
in p hiu dng gia hai bn t in t gi tr cc i v bng U 3 . Tnh R.
* Hng dn gii
1
2.104
1. Ta c: ZL = L = 50 . P = Pmax th ZC = ZL = 50 C = Z =
F.

C
U2
Khi : Pmax =
= 240 W.
R
1
2. Ta c: ZC = 2 fC = 50 . u v i cng pha th ZL = ZC = 50
Z
1
U2
L = 2Lf = 2 H. Khi : P = Pmax =
= 242 W.
R

3. Ta c: I = Imax khi ZL = ZC hay 2fL = 2 fC f =


= 70,7 Hz.
2 LC
U
Khi I = Imax = = 2 2 A.
R
U
P
4. Ta c: P = I2R I =
= 0,5 A = R = Imax do c cng hng in.
R
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 15

Khi c cng hng in th = 2f =

1
1
f=
= 60 Hz.
LC
2 LC

1
5. Ta c: ZL = L = 50 ; ZC = C = 100 ;
U 2R
U 2R
=
=
2
P = I2R = Z 2 R 2 +Z(
Z
L
C)

U2
( Z Z C)
R+ L
R

. V U, ZL v ZC khng i

( Z L ZC ) 2
nn P = Pmax th R =
(bt ng thc Csi)
R
U2
R = |ZL ZC| = 50 . Khi : Pmax =
= 484 W.
2R
U2
2
U
R
6. Ta c: ZL = L = 120 ; PR = I2R =
=
r 2 + Z L2 .
( R + r ) 2 + Z L2 R + 2r +
R
r 2 + Z L2
V U, r v ZL khng i nn PR = PRmax khi: R =
(bt ng thc Csi)
R

R= r +Z
2

2
L

U2
= 150 . Khi : PRmax =
= 83,3 W.
2( R +r)

7. Ta c: ZC = Z = 200 ;
C

U
UL = IZL = 2
= ( R 2 + Z 2 ) 1 2Z 1 + 1 .
R + (Z L ZC )2
C
C
Z L2
ZL

UZ L

V U, R v ZC khng i nn UL = ULmax khi

2Z C
1
b
=(khi x = )
2
2
Z L 2( R + Z C )
2a

R 2 + Z C2
3,5
U R 2 + Z C2
ZL =
= 350 L = H. Khi ULmax =
= 216 V.
ZC
R
8. ZL = L = 50 ; UC = IZC =

UZ C
R 2 + (Z L ZC ) 2

U
1
1
( R 2 + Z L2 ) 2 2 Z L
+1 ;
ZC
ZC

2Z L
1
R 2 + Z L2
UC = UCmax khi Z = ZC =
= 122
ZL
2( R 2 + Z L2 )
C

1
C = Z =
C

R 2 + Z L2
= 156 V.
R
1
9. a) Ta c: UR = IR = URmax khi I = Imax; m I = Imax khi =
= 70,7 rad/s.
LC
10 4
U
F. Khi : UCmax =
1,22

UZ L
=
b) UL = IZL = Z

UL

R 2 + (L

1 2 =
)
C

U .L
1 1
L
1
.
. 4 (2 R 2 ). 2 + L2
2
C
C

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 16

UL = ULmax khi

1
2

=-

UZC
c) UC = IZC = Z =

L
R2 )
C

1
2 2
C

(2

1
C

2
= 81,6 rad/s.
2 LC R 2C 2

U .L
L
1 .
L2 4 (2 R 2 ) 2 + 2
C
C

1 2
R + ( L
)
C
L
(2 R 2 )
2
UC = UCmax khi = =
C
2
2L
2

UZ AN
10. Ta c: UAN = I.ZAN =
=
Z
U
1 2 L
=
.
2 2
C

C
1+ 2
R + 2 L2

1
R2
= 61,2 rad/s.

LC 2 L2

U R 2 + 2 L2
=
R 2 + ( L 1 )2
C

U R2 + 2 L2
R 2 + 2 L2 2 L + 21 2
C C

V U khng i nn UAN khng ph thuc vo R th


=

0
1
=
.
2LC
2

1
L
2 - 2 C = 0 hay
C
2

1
1
11. V I1 = I2 = I Z1 = Z2 hay R2 + (100L - 100 C )2 = R2 + (120L - 120 C )2
1
1
22
1
100L - 100 C = - (120L - 120 C ) 220L = 1200 C 120002 = LC
ch = 12000 2 110 = 3 I3 = Imax = I > I.
Qua bi ny c th rt ra kt lun: Vi 1 2 ( 1 < 2) m I1 = I2 = I, th khi
1 < 3 < 2 ta s c I3 = I > I.
12. Vi UL = ULmax theo L ta c: U 2L = U2 + U 2R + U C2
(1).
Mt khc U2 = U 2R + (UL UC)2 U 2R = U2 - (UL UC)2 (2).
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c: U 2L = U2 + U2 - (UL UC)2 + U C2
2U2 = U 2L - U C2 + (UL UC)2 = 128000 U = 80 (V).
13. Khi = 1 hoc = 2 th UC1 = UC2
U
U
1
1
hay R 2 + ( L 1 )2 . C = R 2 + ( L 1 )2 . C
2
1
1
2
2C
1C
1
1
L
L
12 (R2 + 12 L2 - 2 C + 2C 2 ) = 22 (R2 + 22 L2 - 2 C + 2C 2 )
1
2
1
1
L
L
12 R2 + 14 L2 - 12 2 C + 2 = 22 R2 + 42 L2 - 22 2 C + 2
C
C
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 17

L
1 R2
( 12 - 22 )(R2 - 2 C ) = - ( 14 - 42 )L2 12 + 22 = 2 LC - 2 (1) (vi CR2 <
L
2L).
1
R2
2
Mt khc UC = UCmax theo khi = 0 =
LC 2L
1
1
1
1
R2
R2
hay 02 = LC - 2 = 2 (2 LC - 2 ) (2). T (1) v (2) 02 = 2 ( 12 + 22 ).
2L
L
2
2
2
U
R
+
Z
L
14. Ta c: ZL = L= 20 ; UCmax =
= U 3 R = Z L = 10 2 .
2
R
5. Bi ton nhn bit cc thnh phn trn on mch xoay chiu
* Kin thc lin quan:
Cc du hiu nhn bit mt hoc nhiu thnh phn trn on mch xoay chiu
(thng gi l hp en):
Da vo lch pha x gia in p hai u hp en v dng in trong mch:
+ Hp en mt phn t:
- Nu x = 0: hp en l R.

- Nu x = 2 : hp en l L.

- Nu x = - 2 : hp en l C.
+ Hp en gm hai phn t:

- Nu 0 < x < 2 : hp en gm R ni tip vi L.

- Nu - < x < 0: hp en gm R ni tip vi C.


2

- Nu x = 2 : hp en gm L ni tip vi C vi ZL > ZC.

- Nu x = - 2 : hp en gm L ni tip vi C vi ZL < ZC.


- Nu x = 0: hp en gm L ni tip vi C vi ZL = ZC.
Da vo mt s du hiu khc:
+ Nu mch c R ni tip vi L hoc R ni tip vi C th:
2
2
2
U2 = U R + U L hoc U2 = U R + U C2 .
+ Nu mch c L ni tip vi C th: U = |UL UC|.
+ Nu mch c cng sut ta nhit th trong mch phi c in tr thun R hoc
cun dy phi c in tr thun r.
+ Nu mch c = 0 (I = Imax; P = Pmax) th hoc l mch ch c in tr thun R
hoc mch c c L v C vi ZL = ZC.
* Bi tp minh ha:
1. Trn on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh gm hai phn t (in tr thun R,

cun cm thun L hoc t in C), cng dng in sm pha (0 < < 2 ) so


vi in p hai u on mch. Xc nh cc loi phn t ca on mch.
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 18

2. t vo hai u on mch RLC mt in p xoay chiu u = U0cost th dng

in chy trong mch l i = I0cos(t + 6 ). C th kt lun c chnh xc g v


in tr thun R, cm khng ZL v dung khng ZC ca on mch.
3. Trn mt on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh gm hai phn t thun (in
tr thun R, cun cm thun L hoc t in C) khc loi. t vo hai u on mch
3
in p u1 = 100 2 cos(100t +
) (V) th cng dng in qua mch l
4

i1 = 2 cos(100t + 4 ) (A). Nu t vo hai u on mch in p

u2 = 100 2 cos(50t + 2 ) (V) th cng dng in l i2 = 2 cos50t (A). Xc


nh hai thnh phn ca on mch.
4. Cho in nh hnh v. Trong X l hp en cha
mt trong 3 phn t (in tr thun R, cun cm thun
L hoc t in C) v R = 50 . Khi t vo hai u AB
mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 200 V th in p hiu dng gia hai
u in tr thun R l 120 V v in p gia hai u hp en tr pha hn in p
gia hai u in tr thun. Xc nh loi linh kin ca hp en v tr khng ca
n.
5. Cho in nh hnh v. Trong X l hp en cha hai trong ba phn t (in tr
thun R, cun cm thun L hoc t in C). Bit rng khi t

mt in p xoay chiu uAB = 220 2 cos(100t + 4 ) (V)


vo hai u on mch th cng dng in chy trong

mch l i = 4cos(100t + 3 ) (A). Xc nh cc loi linh kin trong hp en.


6. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong hp en X
cha hai trong 3 phn t (in tr thun R, cun cm
thun L hoc t in C). Bit R = ZC = 100 ; uMA tr

pha hn uAN gc
v UMA = 3UAN. Xc nh cc loi
12
linh kin trong hp en v gi tr tr khng ca chng.
7. Trong ba hp en X, Y, Z c ba linh kin khc
loi nhau l in tr thun, cun cm thun hoc t
in. Bit khi t vo hai u on mch MN in p
uMN = 100 2 cos100t (V) th cng dng in
chy trong mch l i = 2 cos100t (A) v in p gia hai u cc on mch AB

v AN l uAB = 100 2 cos100t (V) v uAN = 200cos(100t - 4 ) (V). Xc nh loi


linh kin ca tng hp en v tr khng ca chng.
* Hng dn gii
1. on mch c i sm pha hn u nn c tnh dung khng, tc l c t in C.

V 0 < < 2 ) nn on mch c c in tr thun R. Vy on mch c R v C.


Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 19

2. on mch c i sm pha hn u nn s c tnh dung khng tc l ZC > ZL.


1
Z Z

Ta c tan = L C = tan(- 6 ) = R = 3 (ZC ZL).


3
R

3. Khi = 1 = 100 hay = 2 = 50 th u v i u lch pha nhau gc 2 . Vy


on mch ch c L v C m khng c R.
4. V uMB tr pha hn uR tc l tr pha hn i nn uMB c tnh dung khng tc l hp
en cha t in. Ta c: UAB = IZ = I R 2 + ZC2 U 2AB = U 2R + U C2
U
RU
200
2
U R2 = 160 V ZC = IC = U C =
UC = U AB
3 .
R

5. lch pha gia u v i l: = 4 3 = 12 , do hp en cha R v C.


ZC

6. Ta c: tan AN =
= - 1 = tan(- 4 ) AN = - 4 ; MA - AN = - 12
R

MA = AN - 12 = - 3 . Vy, hp en cha in tr thun Rx v t in Cx.


Ta li c: ZAN = R 2 + ZC2 = 100 2 v UMA = I.ZMA = 3UAN = 3.I.ZAM
Z

ZMA = 3ZAN = 300 2 . V tan MA = RCx = tan(- 3 ) = - 3 ZCx = 3 Rx


x
Z MA
Rx =
= 150 2 v ZCx = 150 6 .
2
U
7. V uAB cng pha vi i nn hp en Y cha in tr thun R v R = AB = 100 .
I

V uAN tr pha
so vi i nn on mch AN cha R v C tc l hp en Z cha t
4
U
in v ZAN = AN = 100 2 ZC = 100 . V u v i cng pha nn on mch c
I
cng hng in, do X l cun cm thun v ZL = ZC = 100 .
6. Dng gin vc t gii mt s bi ton v on mch xoay chiu
* Kin thc lin quan:
Trn on mch RLC ni tip th uR cng pha vi i, uL sm pha hn i gc
tr pha hn i gc

.
2

,
2

uC

on mch gm cun thun cm v in

tr thun hoc cun dy c in tr thun th u sm pha hn i.


on mch gm t in v in tr thun th u tr pha hn i.
on mch RLC ni tip c: u = uR + uL + uC.


Biu din bng gin vc t: U = U R + U L + U C .
Khi v gin vc t cho on mch in gm cc phn t
mc ni tip th chn trc gc trng hng vi vc t biu din cng n dng

in I (v I ging nhau vi mi phn t mc ni tip).


Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 20

* Phng php gii:


Cn c vo iu kin bi ton cho v gin vc t cho on mch. C th v vc

t tng U bng cch p dng lin tip qui tc hnh bnh hnh. Nhng nn s dng
cch v thnh hnh a gic th thun li hn.

Nu gin c dng hnh hc c bit, ta c th da vo nhng cng thc hnh


hc gii bi tp mt cch ngn gn.
* Bi tp minh ha:
1. Cho on mch xoay chiu nh hnh v.
Trong uAB = 50 2 cost (V) ;UAN = 50 V ; UC = 60 V.
Cun dy L thun cm. Xc nh UL v UR.
2. Cho on mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v.
Trong UAB = 40 V; UAN = 30 V; UNB = 50 V. Cun dy L
thun cm. Xc nh UR v UC.
3. Cho on mch xoay chiu nh hnh v.
Cun dy L thun cm. Cc in p hiu dng o c l
UAB = 180 V; UAN = 180 V; UNB = 180 V. Xc nh h s cng
sut ca on mch.
4. Mt on mch in xoay chiu gm cun dy mc ni tip vi in tr thun R,
biu thc ca in p hai u mch c dng u = 300cos100t (V). o in p hiu
dng gia hai u cun dy v hai u in tr c cc gi tr ln lt l 50 10 V
v 100 V, cng sut tiu th trn cun dy l 100 W. Tnh in tr thun v t
cm ca cun dy.
5. t mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng U vo hai u on mch AB
gm cun cm thun c t cm L, in tr thun R v t in c in dung C
mc ni tip theo th t trn. Gi UL, UR v UC ln lt l cc in p hiu dng

gia hai u mi phn t. Bit in p gia 2 u on mch AB lch pha 2 so vi


in p gia hai u on mch NB (on mch NB gm R v C ). H thc no
di y ng?
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
A. U = U R + U C + U L .
B. U C = U R + U L + U .
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
C. U L = U R + U C + U .
D. U R = U C + U L + U .
6. Cho on mch xoay chiu nh hnh v. Trong cun dy
l thun cm. t vo hai u on mch AB in p xoay
chiu uAB = U0cos(100t + ) th ta c in p trn cc on

mch AN v MB l uAN = 100 2 cos100t (V) v uMB = 100 6 cos(100t - 2 ) (V).


Tnh U0.
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 21

7. Cho on mch xoay chiu nh hnh v. Trong cun dy


L l thun cm. t vo hai u on mch AB in p xoay

chiu uAB = 50 2 cos(100t - 3 ) (V) th in p gia hai u


on mch AM c biu thc l uL = 100 2 cos100t (V). Tm biu thc in p
gia hai u on mch MB.
* Hng dn gii:
1. Ta c: UAB = 50 V = UAN.
Gin Fre-nen c dng l mt tam gic cn m y l UC.
1
2
Do ta c: UL = UC = 30 V; UR = U AN
U L2 = 40 V.
2
2
2
2. V U NB = U AB + U 2AN nn trn gin Fre-nen tam gic ABN l
1
1
tam gic vung ti A; do ta c: UAB.UAN = UL.UR
2
2
U AB .U AN
UR = U
= 24 V; UC =
L

2
U AN
U R2 = 18 V.

3. Gin Fre-nen c dng l mt tam gic u vi UR l ng cao

3
trn cnh y UC nn: cos = cos( U AB ; U R ) = cos(- 6 ) =
.
2
4. Ta c: U = 150 2 V. Da vo gin vc t ta thy:
1
U 2 U d2 U R2
2
2
2
U = U d + U R + 2UdURcos d cos d =
=
.
2U dU R
10
Pd
P
Pd = UdIcos d I U cos = 2 A; Rd = d2 = 25 ;
I
d
d
3
Z
U
Zd = d = 25 10 ; ZL = Z d2 R 2 = 75 L = L =
H.
I

4
5. Theo gin Fre-nen ta c:
U 2L = U2 + U 2NB = U2 + U 2R + U C2 .
6. Theo gin Fre-nen ta c:
2
2
UL + UC = U AN
+ U MB
= 200 V; UR =

U AN .U MB
U L + UC

= 50 3 V ;

U 2AN = U 2R + U 2L v U 2MB = U 2R + U C2
2
2
2
2
U MB - U AN = U C - U L = (UC + UL)(UC - UL)
2
2
U MB
U AN
UC UL =
= 100 V UL UC = - 100 V
UC + U L

U=
V.

U R2 + (U L UC )2 = 50 7 V U0 = U 2 = 50 14

1
7. Trn gin Fre-nen ta thy: AB = AM v
2

= 6 ABM l tam gic vung ti B

= 3

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 22

2
2
U AB
UMB = U AM
= 50 3 V; v uMB tr pha hn uAB gc 2 nn:

5
uMB = UMB 2 cos(100t - 3 - 2 ) = 50 6 cos(100t - 6 (V).
7. My bin p Truyn ti in nng
* Cc cng thc:
U
I N
My bin p: U2 = I 1 = N2 .
1
2
1
2
r
P
2
Cng sut hao ph trn ng dy ti: Php = rI = r = P2 2 .
U
U
gim in p trn ng dy ti in: U = Ir.
P Php
Hiu sut ti in: H =
.
P
* Phng phi gii: tm cc i lng trn my bin p hoc trn ng dy ti
in ta vit biu thc lin quan n cc i lng bit v i lng cn tm t
suy ra v tnh i lng cn tm.
* Bi tp minh ha:
1. Mt my bin p c s vng dy trn cun s cp v s vng dy ca cun th
cp l 2000 vng v 500 vng. in p hiu dng v cng hin dng mch
th cp l 50 V v 6 A. Xc nh in p hiu dng v cng hiu dng mch
s cp.
2. Cun s cp v th cp ca mt my bin p c s vng ln lt l N 1 = 600
vng, N2 = 120 vng. in tr thun ca cc cun dy khng ng k. Ni hai u
cun s cp vi in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 380 V.
a) Tnh in p hai u cun th cp.
b) Ni 2 u cun th cp vi bng n c in tr 100 . Tnh cng dng
in hiu dng chy trong cun s cp. B qua hao ph my bin p.
3. Mt my pht in c cng sut 120 kW, in p hiu dng gia hai cc ca my
pht l 1200 V. truyn n ni tiu th, ngi ta dng mt dy ti in c in
tr tng cng 6 .
a) Tnh hiu sut ti in v in p hai u dy ni tiu th.
b) tng hiu sut ti in, ngi ta dng mt my bin p t ni my pht c
t s vng dy cun th cp v s cp l 10. B qua mi hao ph trong my bin p,
tnh cng sut hao ph trn dy v hiu sut ti in lc ny.
4. in nng c ti t trm tng p ti trm h p bng ng dy ti in mt
pha c in tr R = 30 . Bit in p hai u cun s cp v th cp ca my h
p ln lt l 2200 V v 220 V, cng dng in chy trong cun th cp ca
my h p l 100 A. B qua tn hao nng lng cc my bin p. Tnh in p
hai cc trm tng p v hiu sut truyn ti in. Coi h s cng sut bng 1.
5. t vo 2 u cun s cp ca mt my bin p l tng (b qua hao ph) mt
in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng khng i th in p hiu dng gia hai u
cun th cp h l 100 V. cun th cp, nu gim bt n vng dy th in p
hiu dng gia hai u h ca n l U, nu tng thm n vng dy th in p l
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 23

2U. Tnh in p hiu dng gia hai u cun th cp h khi tng thm 3n vng dy
cun th cp.
6. T ni sn xut n ni tiu th l hai my bin p. My tng p A c h s bin i
1
KA =
, my h p B c h s bin i KB = 15. Dy ti in gia hai bin p c in
20
tr tng cng R = 10 . B qua hao ph trong hai bin p v gi s ng dy c h s
cng sut l cos = 1. m bo ni tiu th, mng in 120 V 36 kW hot ng
bnh thng th ni sn xut in nng phi c I 1A v U1A bng bao nhiu? Tnh hiu
sut ca s ti in.
7. Mt hc sinh qun mt my bin p vi d nh s vng dy ca cun s cp gp
hai ln s vng dy ca cun th cp. Do s sut nn cun th cp b thiu mt s
vng dy. Mun xc nh s vng dy thiu qun tip thm vo cun th cp cho
, hc sinh ny t vo hai u cun s cp mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu
dng khng i, ri dng vn k xc nh t s in p cun th cp h v cun
s cp. Lc u t s in p bng 0,43. Sau khi qun thm vo cun th cp 24
vng dy th t s in p bng 0,45. B qua mi hao ph trong my bin p. Tnh s
vng dy m hc sinh ny phi tip tc qun thm vo cun th cp c my
bin p ng nh d nh.
* Hng dn gii
U
I N
N
N
1. Ta c: U2 = I 1 = N2 . U1 = N1 U2 = 200 V; I1 = N2 I2 = 1,5 A.
1
2
1
2
1
N2
2. a) Ta c: U2 = N U1 = 76 V.
1
N
U
b) Ta c: I2 = 2 = 0,76 A v I1 = N2 I2 = 0,152 A.
R
1
2
P P
P
3. a) Ta c: P = RI2 = R 2 = 60000 W = 60 kW; H = P = 0,5 = 50%;
U
P
U = IR = U R = 600 V U1 = U U = 600 V.
P P'
P2
2
b) U = 10U = 12000V; P = RI = R '2 = 600 W; H = P = 0,995 = 99,5%.
U
U2I2
4. Ta c: I1 =
= 10 A; U = I1R = 300 V; U = U1 + U = 2500 V.
U1
N2 U2
N2 n N2 n U2
n U
=

5. Ta c: N = U ; vi U2 = 100 V. V:
= U - N = U (1)
N1
N 2 N1
1
1
1
1

N2 + n N2 n U2
n U2 U
n 2U
=
+
N = U
(1). Tng t:
=
+ N = U
N1
N 2 N1 U1
1
1
1
1
(2).
T (1) v (2) suy ra:

2U 2 3U
2U 2 200
=
U=
=
V.
U1
U1
3
3

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 24

Mt khc:

N 2 + 3n N 2 3n U 2 3n U 3
=
+
=
+
=
(3).
N1
N 2 N1 U1 N1 U1

T (1) v (3) ta c:

4U 2 3U U 3
=
U3 = 4U2 3U = 200 V.
U1
U1

I
P
6. Ti B: U2B = 120 V; I2B = U B = 300 A; U1B = KB.U2B = 1800 V; I1B = K2B = 20 A.
B
2B
I
Ti A: I2A = I1B = 20 A; I1A = K2 A = 400 A; U2A = U1B + I1BR = 2000 V;
A
U1A = KAU2A = 100 V.
Cng sut truyn ti: PA = I1AU1A = 40000 W = 40 kW.
P
Hiu sut ti in: H = PB = 90%.
A
N
N + 24
7. Ta c: N2 = 0,43 v 2N
= 0,45 N2 = 516; N1 = 1200.
1
1
N + 24 + N
Ta li c: 2 N
= 0,5 N = 60 (vng).
1
8. My pht in ng c in
* Cc cng thc:
Tn s dng in do my pht in xoay chiu mt pha pht ra (tnh ra Hz):
My c 1 cp cc, rto quay vi tc n vng/giy: f = n.
My c p cp cc, rto quay vi tc n vng/giy: f = pn.
pn
My c p cp cc, rto quay vi tc n vng/pht: f =
.
60
Cng sut tiu th trn ng c in: I2r + P = UIcos .
* Bi tp minh ha:
1. Mt my pht in xoay chiu mt pha c phn cm l rto gm 8 cp cc (8 cc
nam v 8 cc bc). Rto quay vi tc 300 vng/pht.
a) Tnh tn s ca sut in ng cm ng do my pht ra.
b) tn s ca sut in ng cm ng do my pht ra bng 50 Hz th rto phi
quay vi tc bng bao nhiu?
2. Mt my pht in xoay chiu mt pha c 4 cp cc. Biu thc ca sut in
ng do my pht ra l: e = 220 2 cos(100t 0,5) (V). Tnh tc quay ca rto
theo n v vng/pht.
3. Mt my pht in xoay chiu mt pha c phn ng gm bn cun dy ging
nhau mc ni tip. Sut in ng xoay chiu do my pht sinh ra c tn s 50 Hz
v gi tr hiu dng 100 2 V. T thng cc i qua mi vng dy ca phn ng l
5
mWb. Tnh s vng dy trong mi cun dy ca phn ng.

4. Ni hai cc ca mt my pht in xoay chiu mt pha vo hai u on mch AB


gm in tr thun R mc ni tip vi cun cm thun. B qua in tr cc cun dy
ca my pht. Khi rto ca my quay u vi tc n vng/pht th cng dng
in hiu dng trong on mch l 1 A. Khi rto ca my quay u vi tc 3n
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 25

vng/pht th cng dng in hiu dng trong on mch l 3 A. Tnh cm


khng ca on mch AB theo R nu rto ca my quay u vi tc 2n vng/pht.
5. Trong gi hc thc hnh, hc sinh mc ni tip mt qut in xoay chiu vi in
tr R ri mc hai u on mch ny vo in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 380
V. Bit qut in ny c cc gi tr nh mc: 220 V - 88 W v khi hot ng ng
cng sut nh mc th lch pha gia in p hai u qut v cng dng
in qua n l , vi cos = 0,8. Tnh R qut chy ng cng sut nh mc.
6. Mt ng c in xoay chiu c in tr dy cun l 32 , khi mc vo mch c
in p hiu dng 200 V th sn ra cng sut 43 W. Bit h s cng sut l 0,9. Tnh
cng dng in chy qua ng c.
7. Mt ng c in xoay chiu khi hot ng bnh thng vi in p hiu dng
220 V th sinh ra cng sut c hc l 170 W. Bit ng c c h s cng sut 0,85
v cng sut ta nhit trn dy qun ng c l 17 W. B qua cc hao ph khc.
Tnh cng dng in cc i qua ng c.
* Hng dn gii
60 f
pn
1. a) f =
= 40 Hz. b) n =
= 375 vng/pht.
p
60
2. Ta c: f =

60
pn

=
n=
2 p = 750 vng/pht.
2 60

3. E0 = E 2 = 2fN0 N = E 2 = 400 vng. Mi cun: N1c = N = 100 vng.


2 f 0
4
pn
4. Tn s ca dng in xoay chiu do my pht ra: f =
.
60
Sut in ng cc i do my pht ra: E0 = NBS = 2fNBS.
E0
in p hiu dng t vo 2 u on mch: U = E =
= 2 fNBS.
2
Cm khng ca on mch: ZL = L = 2fL.
pn
+ Khi rto ca my quay u vi tc n1 = n th: f1 =
;
60
U1
U1 = 2 f1NBS; ZL1 = 2f1L; I1 =
=1
(1).
R 2 + Z L21
3 pn
+ Khi rto ca my quay u vi tc n3 = 3n th: f3 =
= 3f1;
60
U3
3U1
U3 = 2 f3NBS = 3U1; ZL3 = 2f3L = 3ZL1; I3 =
= 2
= 3 (2).
R + 9 Z L21
R 2 + Z L23
R 2 + Z L21
T (1) v (2) suy ra: 3 2
=
R + 9 Z L21

3 ZL1 =

R
.
3

+ Khi rto ca my quay u vi tc n2 = 2n th: f2 =

2 pn
= 2f1;
60

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 26

ZL2 = 2f2L = 2ZL1 =

2R
.
3

5. Ta c: PQ = UQIcos I =

PQ
U Q cos

= 0,5 A; ZQ =

UQ
I

= 440 ;

U
2
= 760 ; Z2 - Z Q = 384000
I
2
2
(R + RQ)2 +(ZLQ - ZCQ)2 - (R Q + (ZLQ - ZCQ)2) = (R + RQ)2 - R Q = 384000
2
(R + RQ)2 = 384000 + R Q = 712,672 R = 712,67 RQ = 360,67 361 ().
43
6. Ta c: I2r + P = UIcos 32I2 - 180I + 43 = 0 I = 8 A (loi v cng sut
hao ph qu ln, khng ph hp thc t) hoc I = 0,25 A (nhn).
Ptp
7. Ta c: Ptp = Pci + Php = 187 W; Ptp = UIcos I =
= 1 A; I0 = I 2 = 2 A
U cos
MT S CU TRC NGHIM LUYN TP
thi TN H C nm 2009
1. Mt my pht in xoay chiu mt pha c phn cm l rto gm 4 cp cc (4 cc
nam v 4 cc bc). sut in ng do my ny sinh ra c tn s 50 Hz th rto
phi quay vi tc
A. 750 vng/pht.
B. 75 vng/pht. C. 25 vng/pht.
D. 480 vng/pht.
2. t mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 50 V vo hai u on mch gm
in tr thun R mc ni tip vi cun cm thun L. in p hiu dng gia hai u
R l 30 V. in p hiu dng gia hai u cun cm bng
A. 10 V.
B. 20 V.
C. 30 V.
D. 40 V.
3. t mt in p xoay chiu tn s f = 50 Hz v gi tr hiu dng U = 80 V vo hai
0,6
u on mch gm R, L, C mc ni tip. Bit cun cm thun c L =
H, t

104
in c in dung C =
F v cng sut ta nhit trn in tr R l 80 W. Gi tr

ca in tr thun R l
A. 80 .
B. 30 .
C. 20 .
D. 40 .
4. t mt in p xoay chiu vo hai u on mch ch c t in th
A. cng dng in trong on mch sm pha /2 so vi in p gia hai u
on mch.
B. dng in xoay chiu khng th tn ti trong on mch.
C. cng dng in trong on mch tr pha /2 so vi in p gia hai u
on mch.
D. tn s ca dng in trong on mch khc tn s ca in p gia hai u
on mch.
5. Khi ng c khng ng b ba pha hot ng n nh vi tc quay ca t
trng khng i th tc quay ca rto
A. lun bng tc quay ca t trng.
B. ln hn tc quay ca t trng.
RQ = ZQcos = 352 ; Z =

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 27

C. nh hn tc quay ca t trng.
D. c th ln hn hoc bng tc quay ca t trng, ty thuc ti.
6. in p gia 2 u on mch xoay chiu c biu thc u = 220 2 cos100t (V).
Gi tr hiu dng ca in p ny l
A. 110 2 V. B. 220 2 V.
C. 110 V.
D. 220 V.
7. Mt my bin p l tng c cun s cp gm 1000 vng, cun th cp gm
50 vng. in p hiu dng gia hai u cun s cp l 220 V. B qua hao ph.
in p hiu dng gia hai u cun th cp h l
A. 440 V.
B. 44 V.
C. 110 V.
D. 11 V.
8. t mt in p xoay chiu u = 100 2 cos100t (V) vo hai u on mch c
1
R, L, C mc ni tip. Bit R = 50 , cun thun cm c t cm L = H v t
2.104
in c in dung C =
F. Cng hiu dng ca dng in trong on

mch l
A. 2 A.
B. 2 A.
C. 2 2 A.
D. 1 A.
9. Khi t hiu in th khng i 12 V vo hai u mt cun dy c in tr thun
R v t cm L th dng in qua cun dy c cng 0,15 A. Nu t vo hai
u cun dy ny mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 100 V th cng
dng in hiu dng qua n l 1 A. Cm khng ca cun dy l
A. 50 .
B. 30 .
C. 40 .
D. 60 .
10. t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 120 V, tn s 50 Hz vo hai u
0,4
on mch mc ni tip gm in tr thun R = 30 , cun cm thun L = H
v t in c in dung thay i c. iu chnh in dung ca t in th in p
hiu dng gia hai u cun cm t gi tr cc i bng
A. 150 V.
B. 160 V.
C. 100 V.
D. 250 V.
11. t in p u = U0cost vo hai u on mch mc ni tip gm in tr thun
R, t in C v cun cm thun c L thay i c. Bit dung khng ca t bng R
3 . iu chnh L in p hiu dng gia hai u cun cm t cc i, khi

A. in p 2 u in tr R lch pha
so vi in p 2 u on mch.
6

B. in p 2 u t in C lch pha
so vi in p 2 u on mch.
6
C. trong mch c cng hng in.

D. in p 2 u cun cm L lch pha 6 so vi in p 2 u on mch.


12. t mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng U vo hai u on mch AB
gm cun cm thun L, in tr thun R v t in C mc ni tip theo th t trn.
Gi UL, UR v UC ln lt l cc in p hiu dng gia hai u mi phn t. Bit

in p gia 2 u on mch AB lch pha


so vi in p gia hai u on
2
mch NB (on mch NB gm R v C ). H thc no di y ng?
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 28


2
2
2
2
A. U = U R + U C + U L .

B. U C = U R + U L + U .
2

C. U L = U R + U C + U .
D. U R = U C + U L + U .
13. Mt on mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun, cun cm thun v t in
mc ni tip. Bit cm khng gp i dung khng. Dng vn k xoay chiu (in tr
rt ln) o in p gia hai u t in v in p gia hai u in tr th s ch
ca vn k l nh nhau. lch pha ca in p gia hai u on mch so vi
cng dng in trong on mch l

A. .
B. .
C. .
D. - .
4
6
3
3
14. in p gia hai u mt on mch l u = 150cos100t (V). C mi giy c
bao nhiu ln in p ny bng khng?
A. 100 ln.
B. 50 ln.
C. 200 ln.
D. 2 ln.
15. My bin p l thit b
A. bin i tn s ca dng in xoay chiu.
B. c kh nng bin i in p ca dng in xoay chiu.
C. lm tng cng sut ca dng in xoay chiu.
D. bin i dng in xoay chiu thnh dng in mt chiu.
16. Khi t hiu in th khng i 30V vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun
1
R mc ni tip vi cun cm thun L =
H th dng in trong on mch l
4
dng in mt chiu c cng 1 A. Nu t vo hai u on mch ny in p
u = 150 2 cos120 t (V) th biu thc ca cng dng in trong on mch l

t
) (A).
t
) (A).
A. i = 5 2 cos(120
B. i =5cos(120 +
4
4
2

t
C. i = 5 2 cos(120 +

) (A).
4

D. i = 5cos(120 t

) (A).
4

17. t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng khng i vo hai u on mch


gm bin tr R mc ni tip vi t in. Dung khng ca t in l 100 . Khi iu
chnh R th ti hai gi tr R1 v R2 cng sut tiu th ca on mch nh nhau. Bit
in p hiu dng gia hai u t in khi R = R1 bng hai ln in p hiu dng
gia hai u t in khi R = R2. Cc gi tr ca R1 v R2 l
A. R1 = 50 , R2 = 100 .
B. R1 = 40 , R2 = 250 .
C. R1 = 50 , R2 = 200 .
D. R1 = 25 , R2 = 100 .
18. t in p u = 100 2 cos t (V), c thay i c vo hai u on mch
25
gm in tr thun R = 200 , cun cm thun L = 36 H v t in c in dung
104
F mc ni tip. Cng sut tiu th ca on mch l 50 W. Gi tr ca l

A. 150 rad/s.
B. 50 rad/s.
C. 100 rad/s.
D. 120 rad/s.
19. t in p xoay chiu u = U0cost c U0 khng i v thay i c vo hai
u on mch c R, L, C mc ni tip. Thay i th cng dng in hiu
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 29

dng trong mch khi = 1 bng cng dng in hiu dng khi = 2. H
thc ng l
2
2
2
1
A. 1 + 2 = LC .
B. 1. 2 = LC .
C. 1 + 2 =
. D. 1. 2 =
.
LC
LC

20. t in p u = U0cos(100t - 3 ) (V) vo hai u mt t in c in dung


2.104
(F). thi im in p gia hai u t in l 150 V th cng dng

in trong mch l 4 A. Biu thc ca cng dng in trong mch l

A. i = 4 2 cos(100t + 6 ) (A).
B. i = 5cos(100t + 6 ) (A).

C. i = 5cos(100t - 6 ) (A).
D. i = 4 2 cos(100t - 6 ) (A).
21. Trong on mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun mc ni tip vi cun cm
thun, so vi in p hai u on mch th cng dng in trong mch c th

A. tr pha 2 .
B. tr pha 4 .
C. sm pha 2 .
D. sm pha 4 .
22. Khi truyn i mt cng sut 20 MW trn ng dy ti in 500 kV m ng
dy ti in c in tr 20 th cng sut hao ph l
A. 320 W.
B. 500 W.
C. 50 kW.
D. 32 kW.

23. t in p u = U0cos(100t + 4 ) vo hai u on mch ch c t in th


cng dng in trong mch l i = I0cos(t + i); i bng

3
3
A. - 2 .
B. .
C. 2 .
D.
.
4
4
24. Khi ng c khng ng b ba pha hot ng n nh, t trng quay trong
ng c c tn s
A. bng tn s ca dng in chy trong cc cun dy ca stato.
B. ln hn tn s ca dng in chy trong cc cun dy ca stato.
C. c th ln hn hay nh hn tn s ca dng in, ty vo ti.
D. nh hn tn s ca dng in chy trong cc cun dy ca stato.

25. t in p u = U0cos(100t + 3 ) (V) vo hai u cun cm thun c t


1
cm L =
(H). thi im in p gia hai u cun cm l 100 2 V th
2
cng dng in qua cun cm l 2 A. Biu thc ca cng dng in qua
cun cm l

A. i = 2 3 cos 100 t ( A) .
B. i = 2 3 cos 100 t + ( A) .
6

C. i = 2 2 cos 100 t + ( A) .
6

D. i = 2 2 cos 100 t ( A) .
6

26. t in p u = 100cos(t + 6 ) (V) vo hai u on mch RLC th dng in

qua mch l i = 2cos(t + 3 ) (A). Cng sut tiu th ca on mch l


Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 30

A. 100 3 W.

B. 50 W.

C. 50 3 W.

D. 100 W.

2.10 2
27. T thng qua 1 vng dy dn l =
cos(100t - 4 ) (Wb). Biu thc

ca sut in ng cm ng xut hin trong vng dy ny l

A. e = 2cos(100t - 4 ) (V)
B. e = 2cos(100t + 4 ) (V).

C. e = 2cos(100t + 2 ) (V).
D. e = 2cos100t (V).
28. Mt my bin p l tng c cun s cp 2400 vng dy, cun th cp 800 vng
dy. Ni hai u cun s cp vi in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 210 V.
in p hiu dng gia hai u cun th cp khi bin p hot ng khng ti l
A. 0.
B. 105 V.
C. 630 V.
D. 70 V.
29. t in p xoay chiu u = U0cos2ft, c U0 khng i v f thay i c vo
hai u on mch c R, L, C mc ni tip. Khi f = f0 th trong on mch c cng
hng in. Gi tr ca f0 l
1
2
2
1
A.
.
B.
.
C.
.
D.
.
2 LC
LC
LC
LC
30. t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 60 V vo hai u on mch RLC

ni tip th cng dng in chy qua on mch l i1 = I0cos(100t + 4 ) (A).

Ngt b t in C th cng dng in qua mch l i2 = I0cos(100t - 12 ) (A).


in p hai u on mch l

A. u = 60 2 cos(100t - 12 ) (V).
B. u = 60 2 cos(100t - 6 ) (V).

C. u = 60 2 cos(100t + 12 ) (V).
D. u = 60 2 cos(100t + 6 ) (V).
31. Mt khung dy dn phng dt hnh ch nht c 500 vng dy, din tch mi
vng 54 cm2. Khung dy quay u quanh mt trc i xng (thuc mt phng ca
khung), trong t trng u c vect cm ng t vung gc vi trc quay v c
ln 0,2 T. T thng cc i qua khung dy l
A. 0,27 Wb.
B. 1,08 Wb.
C. 0,81 Wb.
D. 0,54 Wb.
32. Trong on mch in xoay chiu gm R, L (thun cm) v C mc ni tip th
A. in p gia hai u t in ngc pha vi in p gia hai u on mch.
B. in p gia hai u cun cm cng pha vi in p gia hai u t in.
C. in p gia hai u t in tr pha so vi in p gia hai u on mch.
D. in p gia hai u cun cm tr pha so vi in p gia hai u on mch.
33. Cho on mch xoay chiu RLC mc ni tip. Bit cc in p hiu dng
UR = 10 3 V, UL = 50 V, UC = 60 V. in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch v
lch pha gia in p hai u on mch v cng dng in chy trong mch
c gi tr l

A. U = 20 2 V; = 6 .
B. U = 20 2 V; = 3 .
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 31

C. U = 20 V; = - 6 .
D. U = 20 V; = - 3 .
thi H C nm 2010
34. t in p u = U 2 cost vo hai u on mch AB gm hai on mch AN v
NB mc ni tip. on AN gm bin tr R mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c t
cm L, on NB ch c t in, in dung C. t 1 =

1
. in p hiu dng
2 LC

gia hai u on mch AN khng ph thuc vo R th tn s gc bng


A.

B.

1
.
2 2

C. 21.

D. 1 2 .

35. t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng v tn s khng i vo hai u on


mch gm bin tr R mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C. Gi in p hiu dng
gia hai u t in, gia hai u bin tr v h s cng sut ca on mch khi bin
tr c gi tr R1 ln lt l UC1, UR1 v cos1; khi bin tr c gi tr R2 th cc gi tr
tng ng ni trn l UC2, UR2 v cos2. Bit UC1 = 2UC2, UR2 = 2UR1. Gi tr ca cos1
v cos2 l:
1
1
,
cos
=
.
2
5
3
2
1
C. cos 1 = 5 , cos 2 =
.
5

A. cos 1 =

B. cos 1 =
D. cos 1 =

1
1
, cos 2 = 5 .
3
1
1

2 2

, cos 2 =

36. t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 200 V v tn s khng i vo hai


u A v B ca on mch mc ni tip theo th t gm bin tr R, cun cm thun
c t cm L v t in c in dung C thay i. Gi N l im ni gia cun cm
thun v t in. Cc gi tr R, L, C hu hn v khc khng. Vi C = C 1 th in p
hiu dng gia hai u bin tr R c gi tr khng i v khc khng khi thay i gi
C
tr R ca bin tr. Vi C = 1 th in p hiu dng gia A v N bng
2
A. 200 2 V.
B. 100 V.
C. 200 V.
D. 100 2 V.

37. Ti thi im t, in p u = 200 2 cos(100t - 2 ) (u tnh bng V, t tnh bng s) c


1
gi tr 100 2 V v ang gim. Sau thi im
s, in p ny c gi tr l
300
A. - 100 2 V.
B. 100 V.
C. 100 3 V.
D. 200 V.
38. Mt on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on mch
1
AM c in tr thun 50 mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c t cm
H,

on mch MB ch c t in c in dung thay i c. t in p


u = U0cos100t (V) vo hai u on mch AB. iu chnh in dung ca t in

n gi tr C1 sao cho in p hai u on mch AB lch pha


so vi in p hai
2
u on mch AM. Gi tr ca C1 l
8.10 5
2.10 5
10 5
4.10 5
A.
F.
B.
F.
C.
F.
D.
F.

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 32

39. t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng khng i, tn s 50 Hz vo hai u


on mch mc ni tip gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun L v t in c in
104
104
dung C thay i c. iu chnh in dung C n gi tr
F hoc
F th
4
2
cng sut tiu th trn on mch u c gi tr bng nhau. Gi tr ca L bng
1
1
3
2
A.
H.
B.
H.
C. H.
D. H.
3
2

40. t in p u = U0cost vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun R, cun cm


thun c t cm L v t in c in dung C mc ni tip. Gi i l cng dng
in tc thi trong on mch; u1, u2, u3 ln lt l in p tc thi gia hai u in
tr, gia hai u cun cm v gia hai u t in. H thc ng l
u
u2
u1
A. i =
.
B. i = .
C. i = u3C.
D. i = R 2 + ( L 1 )2 .
L
R
C

41. Trong gi hc thc hnh, hc sinh mc ni tip mt qut in xoay chiu vi in


tr R ri mc hai u on mch ny vo in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 380
V. Bit qut in ny c cc gi tr nh mc: 220 V - 88 W v khi hot ng ng
cng sut nh mc th lch pha gia in p hai u qut v cng dng
in qua n l , vi cos = 0,8. qut in ny chy ng cng sut nh mc th
R bng
A. 354 .
B. 361 .
C. 267 .
D. 180 .
42. t in p u = U 0cost vo hai u cun cm thun c t cm L th
cng dng in qua cun cm l
U0
U

A. i = 0 cos(t + 2 ).
B. i =
cos(t + 2 ).
L
L 2
U0
U

C. i = 0 cos(t - 2 ).
D. i =
cos(t - 2 ).
L
L 2
43. t vo hai u cun s cp ca mt my bin p l tng (b qua hao ph)
mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng khng i th in p hiu dng gia hai
u cun th cp h l 100 V. cun th cp, nu gim bt n vng dy th in
p hiu dng gia hai u h ca n l U, nu tng thm n vng dy th in p
l 2U. Nu tng thm 3n vng dy cun th cp th in p hiu dng gia hai u
h ca cun ny bng
A. 100 V.
B. 200 V.
C. 220 V.
D. 110 V.
44. Ni hai cc ca mt my pht in xoay chiu mt pha vo hai u on mch AB
gm in tr thun R mc ni tip vi cun cm thun. B qua in tr cc cun dy
ca my pht. Khi rto ca my quay u vi tc n vng/pht th cng hiu
dng trong on mch l 1 A. Khi rto ca my quay u vi tc 3n vng/pht th
cng hiu dng trong on mch l 3 A. Nu rto ca my quay u vi tc
2n vng/pht th cm khng ca on mch AB l
R
2R
A.
.
B. R 3 .
C.
.
D. R 3 .
3
3
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 33

45. Mt ng c in xoay chiu khi hot ng bnh thng vi in p hiu dng


220 V th sinh ra cng sut c hc l 170 W. Bit ng c c h s cng sut 0,85
v cng sut ta nhit trn dy qun ng c l 17 W. B qua cc hao ph khc,
cng dng in cc i qua ng c l
A. 2 A.
B. 3 A.
C. 1 A.
D. 2 A.
46. t in p xoay chiu u = U0cost vo hai u on mch ch c in tr
thun. Gi U l in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch; i, I0 v I ln lt l gi
tr tc thi, gi tr cc i v gi tr hiu dng ca cng dng in trong on
mch. H thc no sau y sai?
U
I
U
I
u2 i2
u
i

=
0
+ = 2.
= 0 . D. 2 + 2 = 1 .
A.
. B.
C.
U 0 I0
U0 I0
U0 I0
U I
47. t in p u = U0cost c thay i c vo hai u on mch gm cun
cm thun c t cm L, in tr thun R v t in c in dung C mc ni tip.
1
Khi <
th
LC
A. in p hiu dung gia hai u in tr thun R bng in p hiu dng gia
hai u on mch.
B. in p hiu dng gia hai u in tr thun R nh hn in p hiu dng
gia hai u on mch.
C. cng dng in trong on mch tr pha so vi in p gia hai u on
mch.
D. cng dng in trong on mch cng pha vi in p gia hai u on
mch.
48. Mt my pht in xoay chiu mt pha c phn cm l rto quay vi tc
375 vng/pht. Tn s ca sut in ng cm ng m my pht to ra l 50 Hz. S
cp cc ca rto bng
A. 12.
B. 4.
C. 16.
D. 8.
49. t in p u = U0cost vo hai u cun cm thun c t cm L. Ti thi
im in p gia hai u cun cm c ln cc i th cng dng in qua
cun cm bng
U0
U
U
A.
.
B. 0 .
C. 0 .
D. 0.
2 L
L
L 2
50. t in p u = 220 2 cos100t (V) vo hai u on mch AB gm hai on
mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on AM gm in tr thun R mc ni tip vi
cun cm thun L, on MB ch c t in C. Bit in p gia hai u on mch
AM v in p gia hai u on mch MB c gi tr hiu dng bng nhau nhng
2
lch pha nhau
. in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch AM bng
3
220
A. 220 2 V.
B.
V.
C. 220 V.
D. 110 V.
3
51. Mt ng c khng ng b ba pha mc theo kiu hnh sao c ni vo mch
in ba pha c in p pha UPha = 220V. Cng sut in ca ng c l 6,6 3 kW;
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 34

h s cng sut ca ng c l

3 . Cng dng in hiu dng qua mi cun


2

dy ca ng c bng
A. 20 A.
B. 60 A.
C. 105 A.
D. 35 A.
52. Mt khung dy dn phng dt hnh ch nht c 500 vng dy, din tch mi
vng l 220 cm2. Khung quay u vi tc 50 vng/giy quanh mt trc i xng
nm trong mt phng ca khung dy, trong mt t trng u c vc t cm ng t
vung gc vi trc quay v c ln 2 T. Sut in ng cc i trong khung
B
5
dy bng
A. 110 2 V.
B. 220 2 V.
C. 110 V.
D. 220 V.
53. t in p u = 200cos100t (V) vo hai u on mch gm mt bin tr R
1
mc ni tip vi mt cun cm thun c t cm H. iu chnh bin tr

cng sut ta nhit trn bin tr t cc i, khi cng dng in hiu dng
trong on mch bng
A. 1 A.
B. 2 A.
C. 2 A.
D. 2 A.
2
54. t in ap xoay chiu vao hai u oan mach gm in tr thun 40 va tu

in mc ni tip. Bit in ap gia hai u oan mach lch pha 3 so vi cng


dong in trong oan mach. Dung khang cua tu in bng
40 3
A. 40 3 .
B.
.
C. 40 .
D. 20 3 .
3

55. t in p u = U0cos(t + 6 ) (V) vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun


R v cun cm thun L mc ni tip th cng dng in qua on mch l
5
i = I0cos(t + 12 ) (A). T s in tr thun R v cm khng ca cun cm l
1
A. .
B. 1.
C. 3 .
D. 3 .
2
2
56. t in p u = U0cost vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun R v t in
C mc ni tip. Bit in p gia hai u in tr thun v in p gia hai bn t
in c gi tr hiu dng bng nhau. Pht biu no sau l sai ?

A. Cng dng in qua mch tr pha 4 so vi in p gia hai u on


mch.

B. in p gia hai u in tr thun sm pha


so vi in p gia hai u
4
on mch.

C. Cng dng in qua mch sm pha 4 so vi in p gia hai u on


mch.

D. in p gia hai u t in tr pha


so vi in p gia hai u on mch.
4
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 35

57. t in p u = U 2 cost (V) vo hai u on mch gm cun cm thun


mc ni tip vi mt bin tr R. ng vi hai gi tr R 1 = 20 v R2 = 80 ca bin
tr th cng sut tiu th trong on mch u bng 400 W. Gi tr ca U l
A. 400 V.
B. 200 V.
C. 100 V.
D. 100 2 V.
thi TN H C nm 2011
58. t in p xoay chiu u = 200 2 cos100 t (V ) vo hai u mt on mch AB
gm in tr thun 100 , cun cm thun v t in mc ni tip. Khi , in p

hai u t in l uc = 100 2 cos(100 t 2 ) (V). Cng sut tiu th ca on mch


AB bng
A. 200 W.
B. 100 W.
C. 400 W.
D. 300 W.
59. t in p xoay chiu u = U0cos100t (V) vo hai u on mch AB mc ni
104
tip gm in tr thun 100 , t in c in dung
F v cun cm thun c

t cm thay i c. in p hai u in tr tr pha 4 so vi in p hai u


on mch AB th t cm ca cun cm bng
1
1
2
102
A.
H.
B.
H.
C.
H.
D. H.
5
2

2
60. Cun s cp v cun th cp ca mt my bin p l tng c s vng dy ln
lt l N1 v N2. Bit N1 = 10N2. t vo hai u cun s cp mt in p xoay
chiu
u = U0cost th in p hiu dng hai u cun th cp h l
U
U
U 2
A. 0 .
B. 0
.
C. 0 .
D. 5 2 U0.
20
10
20

61. t in p u = U0cos(100t - 6 ) (V) vo hai u on mch c R, L, C mc ni

tip th cng dng in qua mch l i = I0cos(100t + 6 ) (A). H s cng sut


ca on mch bng
A. 0,50.
B. 0,71.
C. 1,00.
D. 0,86.
62. t in p u = 100cos100t (V) vo hai u mt cun cm thun c t cm
1
H. Biu thc cng dng in qua cun cm l:
2

A. i = 2cos(100t )(A) .
B. i = 2 2 cos(100t )(A) .
2
2

C. i = 2 2 cos(100t + )(A) .
D. i = 2cos(100t + )(A) .
2
2
63. Pht biu no sau y l sai khi ni v on mch in xoay chiu ch c t
in?
A. H s cng sut ca on mch bng khng.
B. Cng sut tiu th ca on mch l khc khng.
C. Tn s gc ca dng in cng ln th dung khng ca on mch cng nh.

D. in p gia hai bn t tr pha 2 so vi cng dng in qua on mch.


Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 36

64. Rto ca my pht in xoay chiu mt pha l nam chm c bn cp cc (4 cc


nam v cc bc). Khi rto quay vi tc 900 vng/pht th sut in ng do my
to ra c tn s l
A. 60 Hz.
B. 100 Hz.
C. 120 Hz.
D. 50 Hz.
65. t in p u = U 2 cos 2 ft (U khng i, tn s f thay i c) vo hai u
on mch mc ni tip gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm L v t
in c in dung C. Khi tn s l f1 th cm khng v dung khng ca on mch
c gi tr ln lt l 6 v 8 . Khi tn s l f2 th h s cng sut ca on mch
bng 1. H thc lin h gia f1 v f2 l
2
3
4
f1.
A. f2 =
B. f2 = 3 f1.
C. f2 = f1.
D. f2 = f1.
4
3
3
2
66. Ln lt t cc in p xoay chiu u1 = U 2 cos(100 t + 1) ;
u2 = U 2 cos(120 t + 2 ) v u3 =U 2 cos(110 t + 3 ) vo hai u on mch gm
in tr thun R, cun cm thun L v t in C mc ni tip th cng dng
in trong on mch c biu thc tng ng l: i1 = I 2 cos100 t ;
2
2
i2 = I 2 cos(120 t + ) v i3 = I ' 2 cos(110 t ) . So snh I v I, ta c:
3
3
A. I = I.
B. I = I ' 2 .
C. I < I.
D. I > I.
67. Mt khung dy dn phng quay u vi tc gc quanh mt trc c nh
nm trong mt phng khung dy, trong mt t trng u c vect cm ng t
vung gc vi trc quay ca khung. Sut in ng cm ng trong khung c biu

thc e = E0cos(t + 2 ). Ti thi im t = 0, vect php tuyn ca mt phng khung


dy hp vi vect cm ng t mt gc bng
A. 450.
B. 1800.
C. 900.
D. 1500.
68. Mt on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on mch
AM gm in tr thun R1 mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C, on mch MB
gm in tr thun R2 mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c t cm L. t in p
xoay chiu c tn s v gi tr hiu dng khng i vo hai u on mch AB. Khi
on mch AB tiu th cng sut bng 120 W v c h s cng sut bng 1. Nu
ni tt hai u t in th in p hai u on mch AM v MB c cng gi tr hiu

dng nhng lch pha nhau 3 , cng sut tiu th trn on mch AB trong trng
hp ny bng
A. 75 W.
B. 160 W.
C. 90 W.
D. 180 W.
69. Mt hc sinh qun mt my bin p vi d nh s vng dy ca cun s cp
gp hai ln s vng dy ca cun th cp. Do s sut nn cun th cp b thiu mt
s vng dy. Mun xc nh s vng dy thiu qun tip thm vo cun th cp
cho , hc sinh ny t vo hai u cun s cp mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr
hiu dng khng i, ri dng vn k xc nh t s in p cun th cp h v
cun s cp. Lc u t s in p bng 0,43. Sau khi qun thm vo cun th cp
24 vng dy th t s in p bng 0,45. B qua mi hao ph trong my bin p.
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 37

c my bin p ng nh d nh, hc sinh ny phi tip tc qun thm vo cun


th cp
A. 40 vng dy.
B. 84 vng dy. C. 100 vng dy.
D. 60 vng dy.
70. t in p xoay chiu u = U 2 cos100 t vo hai u on mch mc ni tip
gm in tr thun R, t in c in dung C v cun cm thun c t cm L
thay i c. iu chnh L in p hiu dng hai u cun cm t gi tr cc
i th thy gi tr cc i bng 100 V v in p hiu dng hai u t in
bng 36 V. Gi tr ca U l
A. 80 V.
B. 136 V.
C. 64 V.
D. 48 V.
71. t in p u = U 2 cos t vo hai u mt t in th cng dng in qua
n c gi tr hiu dng l I. Ti thi im t, in p hai u t in l u v cng
dng in qua n l i. H thc lin h gia cc i lng l
u 2 i2 1
u 2 i2
u 2 i2
u 2 i2 1
+
=
+
+
A. 2 2
.
B. 2 2 = 1. C. 2 2 = 2.
D. 2 + 2 = .
4
2
U I
U I
U I
U I
72. t in p xoay chiu u = U0cost (U0 khng i v thay i c) vo hai
u on mch gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm L v t in c
in dung C mc ni tip, vi CR2 < 2L. Khi = 1 hoc = 2 th in p hiu
dng gia hai bn t in c cng mt gi tr. Khi = 0 th in p hiu dng gia
hai bn t in t cc i. H thc lin h gia 1, 2 v 0 l
1 1 1
1
1
1
A. 0 = 2 ( 1+ 2). B. 02 = 2 ( 12 + 22 ). C. 0 = 12 . D. 2 = 2 ( 2 + 2 ) .
0
1
2
73. t in p xoay chiu u = U 2 cos100t (U khng i) vo hai u on mch
1
mc ni tip gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun L =
H v t in c in
5
dung C thay i c. iu chnh in dung ca t in in p hiu dng gia
hai bn t in t gi tr cc i. Gi tr cc i bng U 3 . in tr R bng
A. 10 .
B. 10 2 .
C. 20 2 .
D. 20 .
74. on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on mch AM
103
F , on
gm in tr thun R1 = 40 mc ni tip vi t in c din dng C =
4
mch MB gm in tr thun R2 mc ni tip vi cun cm thun. t vo A, B
in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng v tn s khng i th in p tc thi hai
7
u on mch AM v MB ln lt l: u AM = 50 2 cos(100t )(V) v
12
u MB = 150cos100t (V) . H s cng sut ca on mch AB l
A. 0,86.
B. 0,95.
C. 0,84.
D. 0,71.
75. Mt my pht in xoay chiu mt pha c phn ng gm bn cun dy ging
nhau mc ni tip. Sut in ng xoay chiu do my pht ra c tn s 50 Hz v gi
5
tr hiu dng 100 2 V. T thng cc i qua mi vng ca phn ng l mWb. S

vng dy trong mi cun dy ca phn ng l


A. 71 vng.
B. 200 vng.
C. 100 vng.
D. 400 vng.
Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 38

76. t mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng v tn s khng i ln lt vo


hai u in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm L, t in c in dung C th
cng dng in hiu dng qua mch tng ng l 0,25 A; 0,5 A; 0,2 A. Nu t
in p xoay chiu ny vo hai u on mch gm ba phn t trn mc ni tip th
cng dng in hiu dng qua mch l
A. 0,2 A.
B. 0,3 A.
C. 0,15 A.
D. 0,05 A.
77. Mt khung dy dn phng, hnh ch nht, din tch 0,025 m 2, gm 200 vng dy
quay u vi tc 20 vng/s quanh mt trc c nh trong mt t trng u. Bit
trc quay l trc i xng nm trong mt phng khung v vung gc vi phng
ca t trng. Sut in ng hiu dng xut hin trong khung c ln bng
222V. Cm ng t c ln bng:
A. 0,50 T.
B. 0,60 T.
C. 0,45 T.
D. 0,40 T.
78. Khi ni v h s cng sut cos ca on mch xoay chiu, pht biu no sau
y sai?
A. Vi on mch ch c t in hoc ch c cun cm thun th cos = 0.
B. Vi on mch c in tr thun th cos = 1.
C. Vi on mch c R, L, C mc ni tip ang xy ra cng hng th cos = 0.
D. Vi on mch gm t in v in tr thun mc ni tip th 0 < cos < 1.
79. t in p u = U0cost ( U0 v khng i) vo hai u on mch xoay
chiu ni tip gm in tr thun, cun cm thun v t in c in dung iu
chnh c. Khi dung khng l 100 th cng sut tiu th ca on mch t cc
i l 100 W. Khi dung khng l 200 th in p hiu dng gia hai u t in l
100 2 V. Gi tr ca in tr thun l
A. 100 .
B. 150 .
C. 160 .
D. 120 .
80. t in p u = 220 2 cos100t (V) vo hai u on mch gm mt bng n
dy tc loi 110V 50W mc ni tip vi mt t in c in dung C thay i
c. iu chnh C n sng bnh thng. lch pha gia cng dng in
v in p hai u on mch lc ny l:

A. .
B. .
C. .
D. .
2
3
6
4
81. Mt my tng p c cun th cp mc vi in tr thun, cun s cp mc vi
ngun in xoay chiu. Tn s dng in trong cun th cp
A. c th nh hn hoc ln hn tn s trong cun s cp.
B. bng tn s dng in trong cun s cp.
C. lun nh hn tn s dng in trong cun s cp.
D. lun ln hn tn s dng in trong cun s cp.
82. Mt on mch in xoay chiu gm mt t in v mt cun cm thun mc
ni tip. lch pha gia in p hai u t in v in p hai u on mch
bng
A.

.
2

B. .

C. 0 hoc .

D.

hoc .
6
6

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 39

83. t in p u = 150 2cos100 t (V) vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun,


cun cm thun v t in mc ni tip th in p hiu dng gia hai u in tr
thun l 150 V. H s cng sut ca mch l
1
A. 3 .
B. 1.
C. .
D. 3 .
2
2
3
84. Trong my pht in xoay chiu ba pha ang hot ng, sut in ng xoay
chiu xut hin trong mi cun dy ca stato c gi tr cc i l E 0. Khi sut in
ng tc thi trong mt cun dy bng 0 th sut in ng tc thi trong mi cun
dy cn li c ln bng nhau v bng
A.

E0 3
2

B.

2 E0
3

C.

E0
2

D.

E0 2
2

85. Cho dng in xoay chiu c tn s 50 Hz chy qua mt on mch. Khong


thi gian gia hai ln lin tip cng dng in ny bng 0 l
A.

1
s.
100

B.

1
s.
200

C.

1
s.
50

D.

1
s.
25

86. Khi truyn in nng c cng sut P t ni pht in xoay chiu n ni tiu
th th cng sut hao ph trn ng dy l P. cho cng sut hao ph trn ng
P
dy ch cn l
(vi n > 1), ni pht in ngi ta s dng mt my bin p (l
n
tng) c t s gia s vng dy ca cun s cp v s vng dy ca cun th cp l
1
1
A. n .
B.
.
C. n.
D. .
n
n
p n cc cu trc nghim luyn tp
1 A. 2 D. 3 D. 4 A. 5 C. 6 D. 7 D. 8 A. 9 D. 10 B. 11 A. 12 C. 13 A. 14 A. 15 B. 16
D. 17 C. 18 D. 19 0 B. 20 B. 21 B. 22 D. 23 D. 24 A. 25 A. 26 C. 27 B. 28 D. 29 D.
30 C. 31 D. 32 C. 33 C. 34 D. 35 B. 36 C. 37 A. 38 A. 39 C. 40 B. 41 B. 42 C. 43 B.
44 C. 45 D. 46 D. 47 B. 48 D. 49 D. 450C. 51 A. 52 B. 53 A. 54 A. 55 B. 56 A. 57
B. 58 C. 59 D. 60 B. 61 A. 62 A. 63 B. 64 A. 65 A. 66 C. 67 B. 68 C. 69 D. 70 A.
71 C. 72 B. 73 B. 74 C. 75 C. 76 A. 77 A. 78 C. 79 A. 80 B. 81 B. 82 C. 83 B. 84 A.
85 A. 86 B.

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 40

C - KT LUN
Thc t ging dy v kt qu cc bi kim tra, bi thi trong cc nm hc qua
ni cc trng ti ging dy (THPT Bi Th Xun, THPT Nguyn Vn Linh,
Bnh Thun) cho thy nu cc em hc sinh nhn c dng cc cu hi trc nghim
nh lng trong cc thi th vic gii cc cu ny s cho kt qu kh tt.
Trong thi tuyn sinh H v C cc nm 2010, 2011 c mt s cu trc
nghim nh lng kh di v kh nn nhiu th sinh khng lm kp. gip cc em
nhn dng gii nhanh mt s cu trc nghim nh lng, ti a vo trong ti
liu ny mt s dng bi tp c xem l mi vi cch gii c coi l ngn gn
nht (theo suy ngh ch quan ca bn thn ti) cc ng nghip v cc em hc
sinh tham kho. t c kt qu cao trong cc k thi th cc em hc sinh nn
gii nhiu luyn tp rn luyn k nng nhn dng t a ra phng n ti
u gii nhanh v chnh xc tng cu. Nu c nhng cu kh v di qu th nn
dnh li gii sau cng. Nu sp ht gi m cha gii ra mt s cu no th
cng ng b trng, hy la chn mt phng n m mnh cho l kh thi nht t
vo la chn (d sao vn cn xc sut 25%).
Ti liu ch trnh by c mt phn ca chng trnh Vt L 12. Cch gii
cc bi tp theo suy ngh ch quan ca ti cho l ngn gn nhng cha chc l ngn
gn lm v chc chn s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st trong cch phn dng
cng nh cch gii cc bi tp minh ha. Rt mong nhn c nhng nhn xt, gp
ca cc qu ng nghip xy dng c mt tp ti liu hon ho hn.
Xin chn thnh cm n.

Hm Thun Bc, thng 01 nm 2012


Ngi vit

Dng Vn ng

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 41

MC LC
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

NI DUNG
TRANG
A PHN M U
1
B NI DUNG
2
1. i cng v dng in xoay chiu
2
2. Tm cc i lng trn on mch xoay chiu c R, L, C
4
3. Vit biu thc ca u v i trn on mch xoay chiu
9
4. Bi ton cc tr trn on mch xoay chiu
11
5. Bi ton nhn bit cc thnh phn trn on mch xoay chiu
17
6. Dng gin vc t gii mt s bi ton v on mch
19
xoay chiu
7. My bin p Truyn ti in nng
22
8. My pht in ng c in
24
Mt s cu trc nghim luyn tp
26
thi TN H C nm 2009
26
thi H C nm 2010
31
thi TN H C nm 2011
35
p n cc cu trc nghim luyn tp
39
C . KT LUN
40
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Vt l 12 - V Quang (ch bin) - NXB GD - Nm 2011.


2. Bi tp vt l 12 - V Quang (ch bin) - NXB GD - Nm 2011.
3. Vt l 12 - Nng cao - V Thanh Khit (ch bin) - NXB GD - Nm 2011.
4. Bi tp vt l 12 - Nng cao - V Thanh Khit (ch bin) - NXB GD - Nm 2011.
5. Ni dung n tp mn Vt l 12 - Nguyn Trng Su - NXB GD - Nm 2010.
6. Hng dn n tp thi tt nghip THPT nm hc 2010 - 2011 - Nguyn Trng Su
- NXB GD - Nm 2011.
7. Vt l 12 - Nhng bi tp hay v in hnh - Nguyn Cnh He - NXB HQG H
Ni 2008.
8. Bi ging trng tm chng trnh chun Vt l 12 - V Thanh Khit - NXB
HQG H Ni - 2010.
9. Cc thi tt nghip THPT v tuyn sinh H - C cc nm 2009, 2010 v 2011.
10. Cc ti liu truy cp trn cc trang web thuvienvatly.com v violet.vn.

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 42

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM


c lp T do Hnh phc
----- ----PHIU NH GI, XP LOI SNG KIN KINH NGHIM
Nm hc 2011 2012
I. nh gi, xp loi ca HKH trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh
1. Tn ti:
PHNG PHP GII CC DNG BI TP VT L 12
PHN DNG IN XOAY CHIU.
2. H v tn ngi vit: Dng Vn ng.
3. Chc v: Ph Hiu trng.
T: Vn phng.
4. Nhn xt ca Ch tch HKH v ti:
a) u im: .................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
b) Hn ch: ..................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
5. nh gi, xp loi:
Sau khi thm nh, nh gi ti trn, HKH trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh
thng nht xp loi: ......................................................................................................
Nhng ngi thm nh:
(K, ghi r h tn)
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................

Ch tch HKH C S
(K, ng du, ghi r h tn)

II. nh gi, xp loi ca HKH S GD&T Tnh Bnh Thun


Sau khi thm nh, nh gi ti trn, HKH S GD&T Bnh Thun thng nht
xp loi: ........................................................................................................................
Nhng ngi thm nh:
(K, ghi r h tn)
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................

Ch tch HKH NGNH GD


(K, ng du, ghi r h tn)

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 43

S GIAO DUC VA AO TAO BNH


THUAN
TRNG THPT NGUYEN VAN LINH
--------------------

Sang
kien
nghiem :

kinh

PHNG PHAP GIAI


CAC DANG BAI TAP
VAT LY 12
PHAN DONG IEN
XOAY CHIEU

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

Phng php gii cc dng bi tp Vt l 12 Dao ng c - Sng c, sng m Trang 44

Ngi viet : Dng Van ong


----------

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun

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