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DMA controller: This manages the availability and support for ISA and AT Attachment (ATA) devices. (ATA is a set of rules or specifications that apply to the IDE controller. Both are described in Chapter 7.) SCSI adapters, network interface cards, and sound cards: All of these use DMA channels to move data in and out of system memory without assistance from a CPU. This controller provides the ability for the previously mentioned devices to access the system memory. SCSI adapters are discussed in Chapter 8. Real-Time Clock (RTC): Controller support is provided for the RTC. The RTC controls system date and time. PS/2 mouse: This controller provides a direct interface between the PS/2 mouse and the processor. Keyboard controller: Controls functions between the keyboard and the CPU. IRDA (Infrared Data Association) controller: Infrared controller packaged with most laptop computers.
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