1

BI TP THC HH MATLAB
1. Lm quen Matlab
1.1 Tnh bng tay cc biu thc sau, ri th li bng Matlab:
a. 2 / 2 * 3
b. 6 2 / 5 + 7 ^ 2 1
c. 10 / 2 \ 5 3 + 2 * 4
d. 3 ^ 2 / 4
e. 3 ^ 2 ^ 2
f. 2 + round(6 / 9 + 3 * 2) / 2 3
g. 2 + floor(6 / 9 + 3 * 2) / 2 3
h. 2 + ceil(6 / 9 + 3 * 2) / 2 3
k. fix(4/9)+fix(3*(5/6))
1.2 D on kt qu xut ra mn hnh:
a. 2 ; 4
b. 2 / 4
c. 2 \ 4
d. 2 , 4
e. 2 : 4
1.3 Cho x = 2, y = 3. D on ln lt cc kt qu tip theo:
z = x
y = y +z
x = y + x z
x + y z
1.4 To mt s ngu nhin c gi tr t 0 n 1
------------------//--------------------- 0 n 100
------------------//--------------------- n n m (n<m) ( n,m nhp vo)
1.5 Cho a =36 b =15. Tnh bng tay cc biu thc sau, ri th li bng Matlab
a. mod(a,b)
b. rem(a,b)
c. gcd(a,b)
d. lcm(a,b)

2. Vector
2.1 To mt vector cha cc s nguyn t 31 n 75.
To mt vector c 10 phn t c gi tr nguyn c ly ngu nhin trong khong [0, 100]
To mt vector c 10 phn t c gi tr nguyn c ly ngu nhin trong khong [-20 ,10]


2.2 Cho x = [3 1 5 7 9 2 6], d on kt qu cc dng lnh sau v th li bng Matlab:
a. x(3)
b. x(1:7)
c. x(1:end)
2

d. x(1:end-1)
e. x(6:-2:1)
f. x([1 6 2 1 1])
g. sum(x)
2.3 Cho x = [2 5 1 6].
a. Cng thm 16 vo tt c cc phn t.
b. Cng thm 3 vo cc phn t v tr l.
c. Ly cn bc 2 tt c cc phn t.
d. Bnh phng tt c cc phn t.
2.4 Cho x, y ln lt l cc vector ct. x = [3 2 6 8], y = [4 1 3 5].
a. Ly tng cc phn t ca x cng thm vo tng phn t ca y.
b. Lu tha mi phn t ca x vi s m tng ng l cc phn t ca y.
c. Chia cc phn t ca y vi cc phn t tng ng ca x.
d. Nhn cc phn t ca x vi cc phn t tng ng ca y, t trong vector z.
e. Tnh tng cc phn t ca z, gn cho w.
f. Tnh x.* y w.
g.Tch v hng ca x v y
Lu : x l ma trn chuyn v ca x
2.5 To cc vector x sau
a. [2, 4, 6, 8, ..2n]
b. [10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0, -2, -4.........-2n]
c. [1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, ..1/n]
d. [0, 1/2 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, ....(n-1)/n]
Lu : nhp vo gi tr n
2.6 To vector x vi cc phn t l x
n
= (-1)
n+1
/(2n - 1). Tnh tng 100 phn t u tin ca x.

3. Ma trn
3.1 Cho x = [1 4 8], y = [2 1 5] v A = [3 1 6 ; 5 2 7]. Xt xem dng lnh no hp l, d on kt qu,
gii thch; ri th li bng Matlab :
a. x + y
b. x + A
c. x + y
d. A [x y]
e. [x ; y]
f. [x ; y]
g. A 3


3.2 Cho A = [2 7 9 7 ; 3 1 5 6 ; 8 1 2 5], d on kt qu, gii thch; ri th li bng Matlab:
a. A
b. A(:,[1 4])
c. A([2 3], [3 1])
d. reshape(A, 2, 6)
3

e. A(:)
f. flipud(A)
g. fliplr(A)
h. [A; A(end,:)]
i. A(1:3,:)
j. [A; A(1:2, :)]
k. sum(A)
l. sum(A)
m. sum(A, 2)
n. [ [ A ; sum(A) ] [ sum(A,2) ; sum(A(:)) ] ]

3.3 Cho ma trn A = [2 4 1 ; 6 7 2 ; 3 5 9], vit lnh Matlab
a. Gn cho vector x l dng th nht ca A.
b. Gn cho ma trn y l hai dng cn li (cui) ca A.
c. Tnh tng theo dng ma trn A.
d. Tnh tng theo ct ma trn A.
e. Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca ma trn.
f. Tnh tng cc phn t ca A

3.4 Hy to ra ma trn 4x4 c gi tr nguyn nm trong khong [-10,10] , Sau :
a. Cng mi phn t ca ma trn cho 15
b. Bnh phng mi phn t ca ma trn
c. Cng thm 10 vo cc phn t dng 1 v dng 2
d. Cng thm 10 vo cc phn t ct 1 v ct 4

3.5 Cho vect x=[2 4 1 6], y=[5 9 1 0]. Hy to ra ma trn
a. 4x6 ton l s 0,b. 4x5 ton l s 1, ma trn n v 5x5
b. B c tnh cht: dng 1 v 4 c gi tr l vect x, dng 2 v 3 c gi tr l vect y
c. C c tnh cht: ct 1 v 3 c gi tr l vect x, ct 2 v 4 c gi tr l vect y

3.6 Cho A = [2 7 9 7 ; 3 1 5 6 ; 8 1 2 5; 1 2 3 5], vit lnh Matlab
a. Gn cho ma trn B l cc ct v tr chn
b. Gn cho ma trn C l cc dng v tr l
c. Gn li A thnh chuyn v ca n
d. Tnh nghch o mi phn t ca A
e. Ly cn bc hai mi phn t ca A


3.7 Gii cc h phng trnh tuyn tnh sau:
4

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
2 5 5
3 4 1
3 6 2 8
2 2 2 3 2
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
+ + + =

+ =

+ + =

+ + =

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
2
2 3 4 2
2 3 5 9 2
2 7 2
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
+ + + =

+ + + =

+ + + =

+ + + =

4. V th
4.1 V th hm s x, x
3
, e
x
v e^(x
2
) vi 0 < x < 4.
4.2 V ng thng ni cc im (0,1); (4,3); (2,0) v (5,-2) li vi nhau.

4.3 V th hm s f(x) = sin(1/x) vi 0.01 < x < 0.1.

4.4 V li th hm s e
x
(0 < x < 4) nhng vi ng t nt, mu v du (marker) l du +.

4.5 V li th hm s e^(x
2
) (0 < x < 4) nhng vi ng gch chm, mu xanh v du (marker)
l hnh tam gic hng ln trn. (Th li vi cc tham s khc (Mu sc, kiu ng, du))
4.6 V th hm s
4
( ) , - 5 5
1
x
f x x
x
=
+
vi:
Kiu ng l nt gch chm, rng 2pt, mu thm.
Du (marker) l hnh trn, rng 6pt, mu t ca du l xanh, mu ng vin l en.

4.7 V hai hm
2
y x = v s n3x y i = trn cng mt th.

4.8 V hai hm s sin( ), 0 20 f x x x = v 50 , 20 25 g x x = trn 2 h trc ta khc nhau.

4.9 V ng trn c tm O(0,0) bn knh bng 3. nh ta cho trc Ox v Oy l t -6 n 6. To
ng li trn hnh v v th li vi cc lnh axis normal/square/equal/tight.

4.10 V th hm s y = cos(t) trong khong 0 < t < 2pi, chia li cc gi tr trn trc 0x cch u
nhau mt khong l pi/4. Ghi nhn cho cc gi tr tng ng l 0, pi/4, pi/2, 3pi/4, , 2pi. Chia trc
Oy thnh 3 khong l -1, 0, 1.

4.11 V th hm s
0.05
2 sin
( )
2 os
4
t
t
x t e
t
c

+
=
| |

|
\
vi 0 < t< 30. Ghi ch thch cho trc Ox l t (thoi
gian), Oy l Ham so x(t) v ta cho th.



4.12 V th hm s
0.35
( ) 2 3sin( 10)
t
x t t e

= + + , vi -5< t < 5. nh gi tr cho trc Ox l t -20
n 20 v Oy t -6 n 6. Ghi ch thch cho trc Oy l x(t); trc Ox l thoi gian t(giay); ta ca
th l ham so x(t). Dng lnh text vit phng trnh ca th trn mt im ca th.

5

4.13 a. V th ca hai hm s ( ) (1 sin( ) f x x x = + v
/ 2
5
( )
3 2cos(2 )
x
e
g x
x

trong cng mt h
trc, th ca hm g(x) l n t nt, du l +.
b. V th f(x), f(x) + g(x), f(x)*g(x), f(x)/g(x) trong cng mt ca s hnh v.
Cc th c v vi 0 4 x . Ghi cc ch thch r rng trn tng th.

4.14 V th hm s x
3
, e
x
v e^(x
2
) vi 0 < x < 4 trong cng mt ca s hnh v.

4.15 V th hm s
2 2
10
2 2
sin
( , ) , =1 10
x y
z x y
x y

+ +
=
+ +
vi 10 10 x v 10 10 y . Ghi
ch thch cho th.

4.16 V th hm s
2 2
( , )
x y
z x y e

= vi -2 < x < 2 v -2 < y < 2.

4.17 Cho ma trn
5 2 1
8 7 3
9 8 6
A
(
(
=
(
(

. V th ct biu din ma trn trn. Ghi ch thch.

4.18 Trong mt bo co th trng ung mt khu vc ca Tp HCM cho bit c 850 ngi ung
coca, 720 ung pepsi, v 600 ung nc tinh khit, cn li 320 s dng cc loi khc. Hy v biu
qut minh ha s liu trn.

5. BIU THC LOGIC
5.1 Cho x = [1 5 2 8 9 0 1] v y = [5 2 2 6 0 0 2], gii thch kt qu cc dng lnh sau:
a. x > y
b. y < x
c. x == y
d. x <= y
e. y >= x
f. x | y
g. x & y
h. x & (-y)
i. (x > y) | (y < x)
j. (x > y) & (y < x)


5.2 Cho x = 1:10 v y = [3 1 5 6 8 2 9 4 7 0], d on kt qu, gii thch v th li bng Matlab:
a. (x > 3) & (x < 8)
b. x(x > 5)
c. y(x <= 4)
d. x( (x < 2) | (x >= 8) )
e. y( (x < 2) | (x >= 8) )
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f. x(y < 0)

5.3 D on kt qu nhng cu sau, gii thch v kim tra li bng Matlab :
a. 1 & -1
b. 13 & (-6)
c. 0 < -2|0
d. 0 <= 0.2 <= 0.4
e. 5 > 4 > 3
f. 2 > 3 & 1
5.4 Cho 2 vect a = [1 0 2] v b = [0 2 2], xc nh gi tr cc biu thc sau. Kim tra li bng
Matlab :
a. a = b
b. a < b
c. a < b < a
d. a < b < b
e. a | ( a)
f. b & ( b)
g. a ( ( b))
h. a= b==a (Xc nh gi tr cui ca a)
T BT 5.5 ny, ta c mt k thut trch cc gi tr ca mt vector theo ch s l mt biu thc
logic, hay ni gn hn l ch s logic.
5.5 Cho ma trn
1 2 8 9
5 6 0 25
1 11 3 7
0 4 3 2
X
(
(
(
=
(
(

, tm:
a. Nhng phn t dng ca ma trn.
b. Nhng phn t m ca ma trn.
c. Tng cc phn t l ca ma trn.
d. Gi tr ln nht cc phn t chn ca ma trn.
e. Gn nhng phn t bng 0 thnh 1.
5.6 Cho x = [3 15 9 12 -1 0 -12 9 6 1], vit lnh thc hin:
a. Chuyn cc gi tr dng thnh gi tr 0.
b. Chuyn cc bi s ca 3 thnh s 3.
c. Nhn cc gi tr chn cho 5.
d. Gn cho vector y cc gi tr ln hn 10 ca x.
e. Chuyn cc gi tr nh hn trung bnh cng thnh gi tr 0.
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5.7 To vector x = randperm(35). Vit cc lnh tnh gi tr hm sau s dng ch s logic:
y(x) = 2 nu x < 6
= x - 4 nu 6 <= x < 20
= 36 - x nu 20 <= x <= 35
Th li kt qu bng cch v th hm s ny qua mt s dng lnh.
5.8 Tnh
sin( ) t
x
t
= , vi pi/2 < t < pi/2. Lm th no loi b cnh bo khi t = 0? V th ca
hm ny sau khi x l gi tr t = 0. Gi : s dng ton t logic v hm xp x eps.

6. CU LH IF
D on kt qu v th li bng Matlab:
6.1 if n > 1 a. n = 7 m = ?
m = n+1 b. n = 0 m = ?
else c. n = -10 m = ?
m = n 1
end

6.2 if z < 5 a. z = 1 w = ?
w = 2*z b. z = 9 w = ?
elseif z < 10 c. z = 60 w = ?
w = 9 - z d. z = 200 w = ?
elseif z < 100
w = sqrt(z)
else
w = z
end

6.3 if T < 30 a. T = 50 h = ?
h = 2*T + 1 b. T = 15 h = ?
elseif T < 10 c. T = 0 h = ?
h = T 2
else
h = 0
end

6.4 if 0 < x < 10 a. x = -1 y = ?
y = 4*x b. x = 5 y = ?
elseif 10 < x < 40 c. x = 30 y = ?
y = 10*x d. x = 100 y = ?
else
y = 500
end
8


Vit cc script tnh cc hm sau:
6.5 h(T) = T - 10 khi 0 < T < 100
= 0.45 T + 900 khi T > 100
Th cc trng hp: a. T = 5.
b. T = 110.

6.6 f(x) = -1 nu x < 0
= 0 nu x = 0
= 1 nu x > 0
So snh vi hm sign ca MATLAB.

6.7 t(y) = 200 khi y <= 10,000
= 200 + 0.1 (y - 10,000) khi 10,000 < y <= 20,000
= 1,200 + 0.15 (y - 20,000) khi 20,000 < y <= 50,000
= 5,700 + 0.25 (y - 50,000) khi 50,000 < y
Th cc trng hp: a. y = 5,000
b. y = 17,000
c. y = 25,000
d. y = 75,000

7. VG LP
7.1 Cho vector x = [1 8 3 9 0 1], vit cc dng lnh
a. Tnh tng tt c cc phn t. (So snh kt qu vi lnh sum.)
b. Vit hm tnh tng dy con t 1 n j. (So snh kt qu vi lnh cumsum.)

7.2 Hy vit hm tnh t hp n chp r theo cng thc sau
!
!( )!
n
n
r r n r
| |
=
|

\
.

7.3 To ma trn M x N cc s ngu nhin (dng lnh rand). Chuyn cc gi tr nh hn 0.2 thnh 0,
cc gi tr ln hn hay bng 0.2 thnh 1.

7.4 To mt vec t ngu nhin gm 1.000.000 phn t tnh tng bnh phng cc phn t s dng 2
cch:
i) Dng php ton trn ma trn.
ii) Vng lp for.
o thi gian chy gia 2 cch bng cch s dng cp lnh tic ... toc. V d, ta mun o thi gian tnh
hm x = sin(t) vi th dng: tic x = sin(t) toc.
9


7.5 To mt vec t c gi tr nguyn gm 100.000 phn t trong khong [0,100], tm tt c nhng
phn t chia ht cho 3 bng 2 cch:
i) Dng php ton trn ma trn.
ii) Dng for v if.
o thi gian chy gia 2 cch.

7.6 Cho x = [4 1 6] v y = [6 2 7], tnh cc mng/vector/ma trn sau
a. a
ij
= x
i
y
j
b. b
ij
= x
i
/y
j
c. c
i
= x
i
y
i
, tnh tng cc phn t ca c.
d. d
ij
= x
i
/(2 + x
i
+ y
j
)

7.7 Cho mt vect bt k, v d x = [-4 0 5 -3 0 3 7 -1 6], vit script m xem trong vec t c bao
nhiu gi tr m, bao nhiu gi tr dng, v bao nhiu gi tr bng 0.

7.8 Vit script tnh trong mt vector cc s ngu nhin (s dng lnh rand):
a. C bao nhiu phn t ng trc mt phn t c gi tr nm trong khong 0.8 n 0.85.
b. C bao nhiu phn t trong khong [0.01, 0.5] ng trc gi tr trung bnh ca vector .
(D on kt qu trc khi thc thi lnh.)

7.9 Vit mt script yu cu nhp mt nhit Fahrenheit ri chuyn sang Celcius tng ng.
Script vn chy n khi khng nhp nhit na th thi. [S dng hm isempty.]

7.10 Gi s ta u t vo mt qu tn dng mt s tin ban u l a, s tin sinh li hng nm l 10%
s tin vn tch ly. Hy tnh s nm khi m li nhun thu c gp i tin vn ban u.



8. LP TRH
8.1 n gi tnh tin in trong thng ca cng ty in lc i vi h gia nh nh sau:
Nu lng in s dng <= 100 KW th tnh 550 / 1KW.
Nu s dng <= 200 KW th 100KW u c tnh theo n gi nh trn, t 101 tr i l
1.200 / 1KW.
T 201 n 300 KW c tnh l 1.800 / 1KW.
Trn 300 KW th 2.000 / 1KW.
10

Tng s tin m mt h gia nh phi tr l tng s tin s dng in + 10% thu VAT.
Lng in s dng trong thng ca 3 h gia nh trong 1 khu dn c ln lt l 120, 320, 480 KW.
Hy vit hm tnh s tin cc gia nh ny phi tr.

8.2 Vit hm v th ca hm s sau:
2
1
, 2
2
( ) 2 , 2 4
6 , 4
x x
f x x
x x

= <

>

vi 0 6 x .

8.3 Vit hm tnh hm mt ca phn phi chuNn ti gi tr x vi 2 tham s v :
( )
2
2
,
1
( )
2
x
f x e





=

Vi tn hm: v = gauss(x, mu, sigma)

8.4 Tnh gi tr ca s Pi s dng chui
( ) ( )
2
2 2
1
8 1
16
2 1 2 1 n n n

=
+

Gi tr ca n cn t n bao nhiu chnh xc l 1e-12? chnh xc l bao nhiu khi n = 100?

8.5 Dy s Fibonacci c mi quan h sau: F
n
= F
n-1
+ F
n-2
, vi F
0
= F
1
= 1.
a. Tnh 10 s Fibonacci u tin.
b. Trong 50 s Fibonacci u tin, tnh t l F
n
/ F
n-1
. N hn xt g cc gi t l ny so vi t l
vng ( (1 + sqrt(5))/2 ).



8.6 a thc Legendre (P
n
(x)) c nh ngha qui np nh sau
(n+1) P
n+1
(x) - (2n+1) P
n
(x) + n P
n-1
(x) = 0
Trong P
0
(x) = 1, P
1
(x) = x v P
2
(x) = (3x
2
- 1)/2. Tnh 3 a thc Legendre tip theo v v 6 a
thc ny trong khong [-1,1].

8.7 Vit script yu cu nhp mt s t nhin n, ri da vo gi tr ca n thc hin hoi vic chuyn
gi tr:
Trong khi n ln hn 1, thay gi tr ca n bng n/2 nu n chn v nu n l th thay bng (3*n+1).
11

Tnh chiu di dy lp li.V d: n =10, dy s l 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, do chiu di dy l 6.
V th m t chiu di l dy lp li ng vi cc gi tr ca n t 2 n 30. V d khi n = 10, l =
6; khi n = 15, l = 17 C nhn xt g?

8.8 Vit hm tnh tch dy con bt u t phn t u tin ca mt vector. Cho vector x, tch dy con
th j bng p
j
= (x
1
)(x
2
) ... (x
j
) vi j chy t 1 n chiu di l ca vector x. Vit hm bng 2
cch:
a. S dng vng lp for.
b. S dng hm sn c prod. So snh kt qu vi hm cumprod.

8.9 Ging nh bi 5.5, nhng thay hm tnh tch bng hm tnh tng.
8.10 Vit hm sinh ngu nhin ma trn cc s nguyn:
function A = randint(a,b,M,)
trong a v b l cc chn di v chn trn, cn M v l kch thc ca ma trn (s dng, s
ct).
a. Th li vi cc dng lnh nh sau:
x = randint(10,17,100000,1);
hist(x,10:17)
N hn xt biu m t.
b. Th li vi cc dng lnh nh sau:
x = randint(-30,5,100000,1);
hist(x,-30:5)
x = randint(-45,-35,100000,1);
hist(x,-45:-35)
x = randint(7,-2,100000,1);
hist(x,-2:7)
xem li iu kin tham s cho ng.
9. Bi tp Symbolic math
9.1 Cho vect u = [1 -10 29 -20], thc hin:
a. To a thc
3 2
10 ( 2 ) 29 0 x f x x x + = vi cc h s ly t vect u. To a thc
2
( , ) ( ) 2 g f x y x y y = + + . Tnh f(15), g(5,3).
b. Ly o hm v tch phn ca f(x). Ly o hm v nguyn hm theo x v y ca g(x,y).
c. Phn tch f(x) thnh cc tha s chung, ri khai trin.
d. Gii phng trnh f(x) = 0.


12

9.2 To ma trn
sin( ) sin( )
cos2 sin2
a b a b
A
a b
+
(
=
(

v
u v
B
v v u v
(
=
(
+

, thc hin:
a. Tnh C = A*B, A + B, A- B.
b. Tm ma trn nghch o, chuyn v ca A v B.
c. Khai trin ma trn C, tnh ln lt o hm, nguyn hm theo a v theo v ma trn C.
d. Tnh A vi 0,
2
a b

= = ; tnh B vi u = 3, v = cost.
9.3 Dng bin symbolic, v th
x
y e = , hm f(x) cu 1.
9.4 V ng trn tm O bn kinh r = 2 bng phng trnh
sin
cos
x r t
y r t
=

.
9.5 V hnh cu tm O bn knh 3 bng phng trnh
sin cos
sin sin
cos
x r
y r
z r

.


9.6 Gii cc h phng trnh sau bng bin symbolic:
a)
2 2 2
2
1
1
y z
x y
y z
x + + =
+ =
+ =

b)
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
2 5 5
3 4 1
3 6 2 8
2 2 2 3 2
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
+ + + =

+ =

+ + =

+ + =

c) cos tan 0 x x + =
d)
3 2 2 3
( 1) 0 x a x a x a + = tnh nghim ti a = 0, a = 1.