Hoan Chinh

N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TP. HCM, ngy
thng
nm
GIO VIN HNG DN
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LI NI U
T thi xa xa con ngi bit s dng nhiu cch xc nh c v tr nh
l cc v sao, cc ngn ni, mt tri, ..Ngy nay vi s ra i ca cng ngh k thut
con ngi pht minh ra c nhiu thit b xc nh vi tr mt cch chnh xc
tuyt i nh vo cc v tinh nhn to bay xung quanh tri t, chng pht ra tn hiu
gi l tn hiu gps.
H thng nh v ton cu (Gobal Positioning System - GPS) l h thng xc nh v
tr da trn v tr ca cc v tinh nhn to. Trong cng mt thi im, mt v tr trn
mt t nu xc nh c khong cch n ba v tinh (ti thiu) th s tnh c to
ca v tr .
GPS c thit k v qun l bi B Quc phng Hoa K. Trc y, h thng ny
ch c s dng cho mc ch qun s ca M, nhng ngy nay chnh ph Hoa K
cho php mi ngi s dng n min ph, bt k quc tch. Da trn c tnh ca h
thng GPS, ngy cng nhiu cng ty pht trin cc ng dng GPS phc v dn s.
Nhng ng dng ny ngy cng c p dng rng ri khng ch cho mt s ngnh
chc nng nh trc a, hng hi,m cn phc v i sng dn sinh nh: thit b
nh v xe c, thit b nh v cho ngi gi, tr nh hoc vt nui, thit b dn ng
v tinh.
.
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LI CM N
Trng C K THUT CAO THNG l ngi trng m em an theo hc, ni

y c cc thy c ht lng truyn t nhng kin thc cho chng em c bit l cc
thy c trong khoa IN T TIN HC. Khoa c ngnh in t vin thng chng em
an theo hc. Sut thi gian chng em hc thu thp c nhng kin thc b ch
cho cng vic sau ny v tht nhiu li khuyn qi bo v hc tp cung nh v cch
sng ca cc thy c t bit l thy Nguyn Ngc Tng
Chng em xin cm n Thy Nguyn Ngc Tng gio vin hng dn nhit
tnh gip v cho em nhng li ch dy qi bu,thy a ra tng v mt mng
ti mi nh v ton cu GPS cho chng em thc hin. Di s hng dn ca thy
chng em thc hin n mn Thit B u Cui vi ti Thu Tn Hiu GPS
Hin Th Ln LCD.Mt ln na chng em chn thnh cm n Thy.
TP.HCM, thng 12 nm 2011

Sinh vin thc hin
L Thanh Duy
Nguyn Ngc Dng
Kiu Linh Tun
.
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CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V H THNG NH V TON CU
GPS
Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin ca th gii th thng tin ngy cng tr nn quan
trng, l mt phn khng th thiu trong cuc sng, nhu cu c thng tin v s dng
thng tin ngy cng c ch trng.Do , p ng nhu cu ny ngy cng c
nhiu phng thc, phng tin khai thc thng tin vi mc ch l nng cao hiu
qu v cht lng thng tin. thc hin qu trnh truyn v thu nhn thng tin ngi
ta c th chia ra lm hai loi : thng tin mt t v thng tin v tinh. Trong thng
tin v tinh c nh gi l c tnh n nh cao hn vi kh nng ph sng rng vi
mi a hnh, trong chng ny chng em xin gii thiu v thng tin v tinh
GPS la ch vit tt cua t Global Positioning System : H thng inh vi toan cu.
GPS c thit k va bao quan bi B Quc Phong Hoa Ky, va c chinh phu Hoa
Ky cho phep moi ngi s dung no min phi. H thng GPS bao gm 24 v tinh (thc
t chi co 21 v tinh hoat ng), v tinh ban u c phong vao nm 1978 va toan b
24 v tinh uoc phong ln quy ao vao nm 1994, Cac v tinh hoat ng da vao
nng lng mt tri, mi v tinh nng 1,5 tn va dai 5m.
GPS ban u chi danh cho cac muc ich qun s, nhng t nm 1980 chinh phu My
cho phep s dung dn s. GPS hoat ng trong moi iu kin thi tit, moi ni trn
Trai t, 24 gi mt ngay. Khng mt phi thu bao hoc mt tin tra cho vic thit lp
s dung GPS.
1.1 Tng quan v GPS
V tinh c kh nng thu v pht sng v tuyn in dng cho mc ch
truyn thng th c tn gi l v tinh thng tin. V tinh s khuch i sng v tuyn
in nhn c mt t v pht sng v tuyn in n cc trm mt t khc.
V tinh c chia lm hai loi l : V tinh qu o thp v v tinh a tnh.
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V tinh qu o thp: L v tinh m c thi gian chuyn ng mt vng trn

qu o ca n khc vi chu k quay ca tri t. Cc qu o bay ca v tinh
qu o thp hnh ellipse gm c :
LEOs (Low Earthe Orbits) c cao 750 1500 Km, loi v tinh ny
c ng dng nhiu trong thng tin di ng qua v tinh.
MEOs (Medium Earthe Orbits) cao l 10000 20000 Km.
V tinh a tnh GEO (Geostationary Orbit ) l v tinh c qu o trn nm
trn mt phng ng xch o cch tri t khong 35786 Km, chu k bay
xung quanh tri t l 24h. Do chu k trng vi chu k quay ca tri t xung
quanh trc ca n theo hng t Ty sang ng v v tr tng i ca v
tinh so vi tri t l khng i.
Trn danh ngha, GPS bao gm mt chm 24 qu v tinh. Chm v tinh ny gi

l kh nng vn hnh ban u (IOC), c hon thnh vo thng 7 nm 1993. Tuy
nhin, n thng 12 nm 1993 IOC mi chnh thc thng bo. m bo bao ph
tri t lin tc cc v tinh GPS c b tr sao cho c 4 v tinh trn 6 qu o bay
(hnh 2.1). Vi chm v tinh a l ny, ti bt c u trn tri t s quan st c t
4 n 10 v tinh GPS, nu khi xt vi gc ngng l 10 0 . Ch cn 4 v tinh cung cp
thng tin hay v tr ca mt im.
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Qu o v tinh GPS l qu o gn nh trn (Dng elip c lch chun 0.01)

vi gc nghing 55 0 so vi xch o. Na trc chnh ca qu o GPS vo khong
26560 km ( cao ca v tinh vo khong 20200 km so vi b mt tri t). Chu k
qu o GPS l 11 gi 58 pht. H thng GPS c khai bo chnh thc t c
dung lng hot ng y (FOC) vo ngy 17/7/1995, m bo 24 qu v tinh hot
ng. Trn thc t, v GPS t c dung lng hot ng y ca n, s cc v
tinh trong chm v tinh GPS lun ln hn 24 qu.
1.2 Cc u im v thnh phn ca GPS
H thng thng tin v tinh c tnh bo mt, tin cy thng tin v cht lng
thng tin cao. Do h thng thng tin v tinh c ba trm trong v tinh ng vai tr
trm lp cn hai trm thu v pht trn tri t nn xc sut h hng thp v c th
khc phc.
H thng thng tin v tinh c vng ph sng rng bi v h thng thng tin v
tinh s dng v tinh rt xa so vi tri t nn vng ph sng ca v tinh rng trn
mt vng lnh th rng ln.
H thng thng tin v tinh c th p ng mt dung lng thng tin ln: H
thng thng tin v tinh s dng tn s cao v p dng cc bin php tit kim tn s
nn h thng c mt bng tn rng v tha mn nhiu yu cu thng tin.
H thng thng tin v tinh c tnh hiu qu kinh t cao: H thng thng tin c
thit lp nhanh chng trong iu kin cc trm mt t cch xa nhau. c bit l kh
nng truyn thng tin khong cch xa nh l cch lc a.
H thng thng tin v tinh c th cung cp nhiu loi hnh dch v : Dch v thoi,
Fax, pht thanh, truyn hnh, VSAT Vi tnh linh ng cao
GPS cha 3 thnh phn: Phn khng gian, phn iu khin v phn ngi dng
Phn khng gian cha 24 v tinh nh c gii trnh by mc trn. Mi v
tinh GPS pht ra mt tn hiu, tn hiu ny c mt s thnh phn: Hai sng sin (gi l
tn s sng mang), hai m s v mt bn tin dn ng.
Thng tin dn ng bao gm to ca v tinh theo thi gian. Tn hiu c
truyn i bi cc ng h nguyn t c chnh xc cao trn cc v tinh.
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Hnh cc thnh phn ca GPS

Phn iu khin ca h thng GPS bao gm cc trm trn mt t, trong
c mt trm iu khin trung tm (MCS) t Clorado Springs nc m.
Chc nng chnh ca phn h iu khin l nhn tn hiu t cc v tinh v
bm st cc v tinh GPS theo trt t xc nh, d bo v tr v tinh, tch hp
h thng, x l ng h nguyn t trn v tinh, d liu kh quyn, nin gim
v tinh v cc thng s khc.
Phn h ngi dng bao gm c ngi dng qun s v dn s. Vi mt
my thu GPS c kt ni vi anten GPS, mt ngi s dng c th nhn tn
hiu GPS xc nh v tr ca h bt c u trn ton th gii. GPS hin
ang c s dng rng ri trn ton th gii m khng cn phi tr ph trc
tip.
GPS pht trin nh sau
H thng nh v ton cu ca M l h dn ng da trn mt mng li 24 qu v
tinh c B Quc phng Hoa K t trn qu o khng gian.Cc h thng dn
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ng truyn thng hot ng da trn cc trm pht tn hiu v tuyn in. c

bit n nhiu nht l cc h thng sau: LORAN (LOng RAnge Navigation) hot
ng gii tn 90-100 kHz ch yu dng cho hng hi, hay TACAN (TACtical Air
Navigation) dng cho qun i M v bin th vi chnh xc thp VOR/DME
VHF (Omnidirectional Range/Distance Measuring Equipment) dng cho hng
khng dn dng.
Ban u, GPS v GLONASS u c pht trin cho mc ch qun s, nn mc d
chng dng c cho dn s nhng khng h no a ra s m bo tn ti lin tc
v chnh xc. V th chng khng tha mn c nhng yu cu an ton cho dn
ng dn s hng khng v hng hi, c bit l ti nhng vng v ti nhng thi
im c hot ng qun s ca nhng quc gia s hu cc h thng . Ch c h
thng dn ng v tinh chu u Galileo (ang c xy dng) ngay t u t
mc tiu p ng cc yu cu nghim ngt ca dn ng v nh v dn s.
GPS ban u ch dnh cho cc mc ch qun s, nhng t nm 1980 chnh ph M
cho php s dng trong dn s. GPS hot ng trong mi iu kin thi tit, mi ni
trn Tri t, 24 gi mt ngy. Khng mt ph thu bao hoc mt tin tr cho vic
thit lp s dng GPS nhng phi tn tin khng r mua thit b thu tn hiu v
phn mm nhng h tr.
Chm v tinh GPS ban u c xy dng vi 11 v tinh gi l Block I. V tinh
u tin c phng vo ngy 22/2/1978. V tinh Block I cui cng phng vo ngy
9/9/1985. Cc v tinh Block I c ch to vi mc ch ch yu l nghin cu th
nghim. Ngc nghing ca mt phng qu o ca cc v tinh ny so vi mt phng
xch o l l 63o, gc ny sau c thay i trong cc th h v tinh tip theo.
Mc d thi gian tn ti ca v tinh Block I l 4.5 nm, mt s cn li vn phc v
hn 10 nm. V tinh Block I cui cng ngng hot ng vo ngy 18/10/1995.
Th h v tinh GPS th hai l v tinh Block II/IIA . Block IIA l phin bn ci
tin ca Block II, vi vic tng dung lng lu tr d liu bn tin dn ng t 14
ngy cho Block II n 180 ngy cho Block IIA. iu ny c ngha l cc v tinh
Block II v Block IIA c th hot ng lin tc trong vng 14 n 180 ngy m khng
cn c h tr mt t. Tng cng 28 v tinh Block II/IIA c phng ln trong
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khong t 9/1989 n 10/1997. Trong s ny c 23 v tinh ang hot ng. Khc vi

Block I, qu o bay ca Block II/ IIA nghing 55o so vi mt phng xch o. Thi
gian tn ti theo thit k ca mt v tinh Block II/IIA l 7.5 nm, thi gian ny
vt qu i vi hu ht cc v tinh Block II/IIA. m bo an ninh quc gia mt
s ni dung nh kh nng la chn v chng lm gi c thm vo trong cc v tinh
Block II/IIA.
Mt th h v tinh GPS mi gi l Block IIR ang c phng ln. Cc v tinh
b sung ny s tng thch li vi Block II/IIA, iu c ngha l nhng thay i
ny khng nh hng n khi ngi s dng. Block IIR cha 21 v tinh vi thi gian
tn ti theo thit k l 10 nm. nng cao chnh xc, cc v tinh Block IIR c kh
nng hot ng c lp t nht 180 ngy m khng cn iu chnh di mt t hay
b gim chnh xc. Kh nng dn ng c lp ca th h v tinh ny t c
phn no qua phi hp v tinh vi nhau. Thm vo , lch thin vn d bo v d
liu ng h c ti ln t phn h iu khin h tr cho dn ng c lp. Mt
s ni dung khc c thm vo 12 v tinh Block IIR cui cng theo chng trnh
hin i ha GPS, cc v tinh ny phng vo nm 2003. Vo thng 7/2001 c 6 v
tinh Block IIR c phng ln thnh cng.
Block IIR s c k tip bi cc h thng khc gi l Block IIF (Follow-on)
cha 33 v tinh. Khong thi gian tn ti ca v tinh s l 15 nm. Cc v tinh Block
IIF s c nhng kh nng mi theo chng trnh hin i ha, trong tng cng
chnh xc nh v GPS c lp.
Trong tng lai chm v tinh GPS c k vng s c s kt hp ca cc
v tinh Block IIR ang c phng ln v Block IIF v c th c v tinh Block III.
Mt trong nhng mc tiu ca chng trnh hin i ha ny l gim d tha tn hiu
v ci thin chnh xc, kh nng ngn cn tn hiu v tnh ton vn ca h thng.
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CHNG 2
VI IU KHIN PIC 16F877A
2. 1. Gii thiu v vi iu khin PIC16F87A
2.1.1. Kin trc Pic
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PIC 16F877A l dng PIC ph bin nht hin nay ( mnh v tnh nng, 40 chn, b
nh cho hu ht cc ng dng thng thng). Cu trc tng qut ca PIC 16F877A
nh sau:
- 8 K Flash ROM.
- 368 Bytes RAM.
- 256 Bytes EEPROM.
- 5 ports (A, B, C, D, E) vo ra vi tn hiu iu khin c lp.
- 2 b nh thi 8 bits (Timer 0 v Timer 2).
- Mt b nh thi 16 bits (Timer 1) c th hot ng trong ch tit kim nng
lng (SLEEP MODE) vi ngun xung Clock ngoi.
- 2 b CCP( Capture / Compare/ PWM).
- 1 b bin i AD 10 bits, 8 ng vo.
- 2 b so snh tng t (Compartor).
- 1 b nh thi gim st (WatchDog Timer).
- Mt cng song song 8 bits vi cc tn hiu iu khin.
- Mt cng ni tip.
- 15 ngun ngt.
- C ch tit kim nng lng.
- Np chng trnh bng cng ni tip ICSP(In-Circuit Serial Programming)
- c ch to bng cng ngh CMOS
- 35 tp lnh c di 14 bits.
- Tn s hot ng ti a 20MHz.
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y l vi iu khin thuc h PIC16Fxxx vi tp lnh gm 35 lnh c di

14 bit. Mi lnh u c thc thi trong mt chu k xung clock. Tc hot ng ti
a cho php l 20 MHz vi mt chu k lnh l 200ns. B nh chng trnh 8Kx14 bit,
b nh d liu 368 byte RAM v b nh d liu EEPROM vi dung lng 256byte.
S PORT I/O l 5 vi 33 pin I/O.
Cc c tnh ngoi vi bao gm cc khi chc nng sau:
Timer0: b m 8 bit vi b chia tn s 8 bit.
Timer1: b m 16 bit vi b chia tn s, c th thc hin chc nng m da
vo xung clock ngoi vi ngay khi vi iu khin hot ng ch sleep.
Timer2: b m 8 bit vi b chia tn s, b postcaler.
Hai b Capture/so snh/iu ch rng xung.
Cc chun giao tip ni tip SSP (Synchronous Serial Port), SPI v I2C.
Chun giao tip ni tip USART vi 9 bit a ch.
Cng giao tip song song PSP (Parallel Slave Port) vi cc chn iu khin
RD, WR, CS bn ngoi.
Cc c tnh Analog:
8 knh chuyn i ADC 10 bit.
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Hai b so snh.
Bn cnh l mt vi c tnh khc ca vi iu khin nh:
B nh flash vi kh nng ghi xa c 100.000 ln.
B nh EEPROM vi kh nng ghi xa c 1.000.000 ln.
D liu b nh EEPROM c th lu tr trn 40 nm.
Kh nng t np chng trnh vi s iu khin ca phn mm.
Np c chng trnh ngay trn mch in ICSP (In Circuit Serial
Programming)
thng qua 2 chn.
Watchdog Timer vi b dao ng trong.
Chc nng bo mt m chng trnh.
Ch Sleep.
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2.2. S khi v chc nng cc chn PIC16F877A

2. 2.1 S khi
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2. 2.2. S chn PIC16F877A
2. 2.3 Chc nng cc chn

Tn
Chn Loi
M t chc nng
OSC1/CLKI
13
Dao ng tinh th li vo dao ng ngoi
OSC2/CLKO
14
Dao ng tinh th hoc li ra xung nhp
MCLR/Vpp
I/P
Li vo reset. Li vo in p np trnh
Vpp
RA0/AN0
I/O
Vo/ ra s. Li vo analog 0
RA1/AN1
I/O
Vo/ ra s. Li vo analog 1
Vo ra s. li vo analog 2. Li vo in
RA2/AN2/V-reff/CVRef
I/O
p chun V-ref ca ADC. Li ra Vref so

snh
RA3/AN3/V+Ref
I/O
Vo/ ra s. Li vo analog 3. Li vo in
p chun V-ref ca ADC
RA4/TOCKI/C1OUT
I/O
Vo/ra s cc mng ng. Li vo xung

ngoi cho timer. Li ra b so snh 1
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RA5/SS/AN4/C2OUT
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I/O
Vo/ra s. li vo chn SOI. Li vo

analog 4. li ra b so snh 2
RB0/INT
33
I/O
Vo/ra s. Li vo ngt ngoi.
RB1
34
I/O
Vo/ra s.
RB2
35
I/O
Vo/ra s.
RB3/PGM
36
I/O
Vo/ra s. Np trnh LVP
RB4
37
I/O
Vo/ra s
RB5
38
I/O
Vo/ra s
RB6
39
I/O
Vo/ra s. Xung nhp np trnh ICSP
RB7
40
I/O
Vo/ra s. D np trnh ICSP
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
15
I/O
Vo/ra s. To dao ng timer. Xung nhp

ngoi cho timer 1
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
16
I/O
Vo/ra s. To timer1. Li vo Capture.

Li ra Compare2. Li ra PWM2
RC2/CCP1
17
I/O
Vo/ra s. Li vo Vo/ra s Capture1.

Li ra PWM1
RC3/SCK/SCL
18
I/O
Vo/ra s. Nhp ng b choSPI v I2C
RC4/SDI/SDA
23
I/O
Vo/ra s. Vo d liu SPI. Vo/ra d liu

I2C
RC5/SDO
24
I/O
Vo/ra s. Ra d liu SPI
RC6/TX/CK
25
I/O
Vo/ra s. Cng truyn thng khng ng

b. Xung nhp truyn ng b
RC7/RX/DT
26
I/O
Vo/ra s. Cng nhn khng ng b. D

liu ng b
RD0
19
I/O
Vo/ra s. Cng song song t
RD1
20
I/O
RD2
21
I/O
RD3
22
I/O
RD4
27
I/O
RD5
28
I/O
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RD6
29
I/O
RD7
30
I/O
RE0/RD/AN5
I/O
Vo/ra s. iu khin RD cng song song
RE1/WR/AN6
I/O
Vo/ra s. iu khin WR cng song song
RE2/CS/AN7
I/O
Vo/ra s. iu khin CS cng song song
Vss
12,31 I/O
t chung cho li vp/ra v analog
Vdd
11,32 I/O
Cp ngun dng
2. 3. T chc b nh
PIC16F877A gm co ba b nh: b nh EEPROM, B nh d liu, b nh chng
trnh .
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2. 3.1 B nh EEPROM
Mt b nh d liu c bit kiu EEPROM dung lng 256 byte c tch hp
trong PIC 16F877A v c xem nh thit b ngoi vi c ni vo bus d liu, b
nh ny c th ghi c trong qu trnh hot ng di s iu khin ca chng trnh.
B nh EEPROM thng dng cc lu tr cc chng trnh khng b thay i nh
cc hng chun, cc d liu ca ngi s dng. v khng b mt i khi ngt ngun
nui.
2. 3.2 B nh d liu
B nh d liu c chia thnh 4 bank, mi bank c dung lng 128 byte
RAM tnh. Mi bank bao gm cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit SFR (Special
Function Register) nm vng a ch thp, v cc thanh ghi mc ch chung GPR
(General Purpose Register) nm vng a ch cao. Cc thanh ghi SFR thng xuyn
c s dng nh STATUS, INTCON, FSR c b tr trn tt c
cc bank
gip thun tin trong qu trnh truy xut.
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S t chc b nh d liu PIC16F877A

* Stack
Stack khng nm trong b nh chng trnh hay b nh d liu m l mt
vng nh c bit khng cho php c hay ghi.
Khi lnh CALL c thc hin hay khi mt ngt xy ra lm chng trnh b r nhnh,
gi tr ca b m chng trnh PC t ng c vi iu khin ct vo trong stack.
Khi mt trong cc lnh RETURN, RETLW hat RETFIE c thc thi, gi tr PC s t
ng c ly ra t trong stack, vi iu khin s thc hin tip chng trnh theo ng
qui trnh nh trc.
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B nh Stack trong vi iu khin PIC h 16F87xA c kh nng cha c 8 a ch

v hot ng theo c ch xoay vng. Ngha l gi tr ct vo b nh Stack ln th 9 s
ghi
ln gi tr ct vo Stack ln u tin v gi tr ct vo b nh Stack ln th 10 s ghi
ln gi tr ct vo Stack ln th 2
2. 3.3 B nh chng trnh.
B nh chng trnh ca vi iu khin PIC16F877A l b nh flash, dung lng
b nh 8K word (1 word = 14 bit) v c phn thnh nhiu trang (t page0 n page
3) . Nh vy b nh chng trnh c kh nng cha c 8*1024 = 8192 lnh (v mt
lnh sau khi m ha s c dung lng 1 word (14 bit).
Khi vi iu khin c reset, b m chng trnh s ch n a ch 0000h
(Reset vector). Khi c ngt xy ra, b m chng trnh s ch n a ch 0004h
(Interrupt vector). B nh chng trnh khng bao gm b nh stack v khng c
a ch ha bi b m chng trnh.
2. 4. Cc cng xut nhp
Cng xut nhp (I/O port) chnh l phng tin m vi iu khin dng tng
tc vi th gii bn ngoi. Bn cnh , do vi iu khin c tch hp sn bn trong
cc c tnh giao tip ngoi vi nn bn cnh chc nng l cng xut nhp thng
thng, mt s chn xut nhp cn c thm cc chc nng khc th hin s tc
ng ca cc c tnh ngoi vi nu trn i vi th gii bn ngoi.
Vi iu khin PIC16F877A c 5 cng xut nhp, bao gm PORTA, PORTB,
PORTC, PORTD v PORTE.
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Cac port cua pic 16f877a

2. 4.1 Port A
PORTA bao gm 6 I/O pin ( RA0 RA5) . y l cc chn hai chiu
(bidirectional pin), ngha l c th xut v nhp c. Chc nng I/O ny c iu
khin bi thanh ghi TRISA (a ch 85h). Mun xc lp chc nng ca mt chn trong
PORTA l input, ta set bit iu khin tng ng vi chn trong thanh ghi TRISA
v ngc li, mun xc lp chc nng ca mt chn trong PORTA l output, ta
clear bit iu khin tng ng vi chn trong thanh ghi TRISA
Chn RA4 dng chung vi li vo xung nhp cho timer0 khi dng b m xung t bn
ngoi.
Cc chn khc ca cng A c ghp li vo ca cc b so snh tng t v b bin
i ADC 8 knh .
2. 4.2 Port B
PORTB (RPB) gm 8 pin I/O ( RB0 RB7). Thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp
tng ng l TRISB. Bn cnh mt s chn ca PORTB cn c s dng trong
qu trnh np chng trnh cho vi iu khin vi cc ch np khc nhau. PORTB
cn lin quan n ngt ngoi vi v b Timer0.
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PORTB cn c tch hp chc nng in tr ko ln (20k ohm) c iu khin bi

chng trnh.
Chn RB0 c th la chn l li vo ca ngt ngoi Extint.
C 3 chn ca cng B c ghp li vi chc nng ICSP l RB6, RB7, RB3 tng
ng vi li vo PGC, PGD, LVP khi np trnh.Li vo RB4 v RB7 lm pht sinh
ngt RBIF khi thay i trng thi khi cc chn ny nh ngha l cc li vo. Trng
thi hin ti ca li vo ny c so snh vi trng thi c cht li ti ln c trc
. Khi c s khc nhau th c ngt RBIF c lp.
2. 4.3 Port C
PORTC (RPC) gm 8 pin I/O (RC0 RC7). Thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp
tng ng l TRISC. Bn cnh PORTC cn cha cc chn chc nng ca b so
snh, b Timer1, b PWM v cc chun giao tip ni tip I2C, SPI, SSP, USART.
2. 4.4 Port D
PORTD (RPD) gm 8 chn I/O ( RD0 RD7), thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp
tng ng l TRISD.
PORTD cn l cng xut d liu ca chun giao tip PSP (Parallel Slave Port).
2. 4.5 Port E
Port E c 3 chn RE0 , RE1 , RE2 c th c cu hnh l cc chn xut nhp.
Cc chn ca PORTE c ng vo analog , ti ch ny khi c trng thi cc chn
port E s cho ta gi tr 0 . Bn cnh PORTE cn l cc chn iu khin ca chun
giao tip PSP.
2. 5.Cc b nh thi
2. 5.1 Timer 0
B m 8 bit
Ghi/c c.
C b chia 8 bit lp trnh c.
Chn xung nhp bn ngoi hoc bn trong.
Sinh ngt TOIF khi trn chuyn t FFh 00h.
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Chn sn xung khi ly xung nhp t bn ngoi.
Timer0 dng lm b m xung nhp ca vi iu khin v to ra mt b m thi gian.

Ch m thi gian c chn bng cch t bit T0CS = 0 (bit OPTION<5>).
Trong cc ch m thi gian, thanh ghi TMR0 tng mt n v sau mi chu k
my. Thanh gh TMR0 c th c ghi c trong chng trnh xc lp hoc ly gi
tr hin thi ca timer0.
Hnh : S khi Timer0.

Timer0 dng m cc xung t bn ngoi cp vo chn RA4. Ch m
xung c chn bng cch t T0CS = 1. Trong ch ny thanh ghi Timer0 tng
mt n v sau mi sn ln hoc sn xung ty thuc vo trng thi ca bit T0SE.
B chia trc c dng chung cho hai khi watchdog v Timer0. Vic gn b chia
trc cho khi no c chn bng bt PSA(OPTION<3>). H s chia ph thuc gi
tr ca bit PS2:PS1:PS0 ca thanh ghi OPTION.
Ngt timer0 xy ra khi thanh ghi TMR0 trn, chuyn t FFh00h. S trn ny
s t bt T0IF = 1. Ngt T0IF c th che bng bit T0IE. C T0IF phi c xa bng
phn mm.
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2. 5.2 Timer 1
Timer1 l b nh thi 16 bit, gi tr ca Timer1 s c lu trong hai thanh
ghi (TMR1H:TMR1L). C ngt ca Timer1 l bit TMR1IF (PIR1<0>). Bit iu khin
ca Timer1 s l TMR1IE (PIE<0>). Tng t nh Timer0, Timer1 cng c hai ch
hot ng: ch nh thi (timer) vi xung kch l xung clock ca oscillator (tn
s ca timer bng tn s ca oscillator) v ch m (counter) vi xung kch l
xung phn nh cc s kin cn m ly t bn ngoi thng qua chn
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI (cnh tc ng l cnh ln). Vic la chn xung tc ng (tng
ng vi vic la chn ch hot ng l timer hay counter) c iu khin bi bit
TMR1CS (T1CON<1>). Sau y l s khi ca Timer1:
Hnh :S khi ca Timer1

2. 5.3 Timer 2
Timer2 l b nh thi 8 bit v c h tr bi hai b chia tn s prescaler v
postscaler. Thanh ghi cha gi tr m ca Timer2 l TMR2. Bit cho php ngt
Timer2 tc ng l TMR2ON (T2CON<2>). C ngt ca Timer2 l bit TMR2IF
(PIR1<1>). Xung ng vo (tn s bng tn s oscillator) c a qua b chia tn
s prescaler 4 bit (vi cc t s chia tn s l 1:1, 1:4 hoc 1:16 v c iu khin bi
cc bit T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0 (T2CON<1:0>)).
Ngoi ra ng ra ca Timer2 cn c kt ni vi khi SSP, do Timer2 cn
ng vai tr to ra xung clock ng b cho khi giao tip SSP.
Timer0 v Timer2 l b m 8 bit (gi tr m ti a l FFh), trong khi Timer1
l b m 16 bit (gi tr m ti a l FFFFh). Timer0, Timer1 v Timer2 u c hai
ch hot ng l timer v counter. Xung clock c tn s bng tn s ca
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oscillator. Xung tc ng ln Timer0 c h tr bi prescaler v c th c thit lp

nhiu ch khc nhau (tn s tc ng, cnh tc ng) trong khi cc thng s ca
xung tc ng ln Timer1 l c nh. Timer2 c h tr bi hai b chia tn s
prescaler v postcaler c lp, tuy nhin cnh tc ng vn c c nh l cnh ln.
Timer1 c quan h vi khi CCP, trong khi Timer2 c kt ni vi khi SSP.
S khi ca Timer 2
2. 6. ADC
ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) l b chuyn i tn hiu gia hai dng
tng t v s. PIC16F877A c 8 ng vo analog (RA4:RA0 v RE2:RE0). Hiu in
th chun VREF c th c la chn l VDD, VSS hay hiu in th chun c xc
lp trn hai chn RA2 v RA3. Kt qu chuyn i t tn tiu tng t sang tn hiu s
l 10 bit s tng ng v c lu trong hai thanh ghi ADRESH:ADRESL.
Cc thanh ghi lin quan n b chuyn i ADC bao gm:
-INTCON (a ch 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh): cho php cc ngt (cc bit GIE, PEIE).
-PIR1 (a ch 0Ch): cha c ngt AD (bit ADIF).
-PIE1 (a ch 8Ch): cha bit iu khin AD (ADIE).
-ADRESH (a ch 1Eh) v ADRESL (a ch 9Eh): cc thanh ghi cha kt qu
chuyn i
-ADCON0 (a ch 1Fh) v ADCON1 (a ch 9Fh): xc lp cc thng s cho b
chuyn i
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-PORTA (a ch 05h) v TRISA (a ch 85h): lin quan n cc ng vo analog

PORTA.
-PORTE (a ch 09h) v TRISE (a ch 89h): lin quan n cc ng vo analog
PORTE.
Hnh: khi ADC

2. 7. Ngt
PIC16F877A c 15 ngun ngt c iu khin bi thanh ghi INTCON, ngoi
ra mi ngt cn c iu khin bi mt bit cho php v c ngt ring. Cc c ngt
vn hot ng bnh thng khi tha mn iu kin ngt, khng ph thuc vo cc bit
cho php.
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S logic ca tt c cc ngt trong PIC16F877A.

- Ngt trn chn INT
- Ngt trn Timer 0
- Ngt trn Timer 1
- Ngt trn Timer 2
- Ngt thay i trng thi cc chn trn Port B
- Ngt so snh in th
- Ngt Port song song
- Ngt USART
- Ngt nhn d liu
- Ngt truyn d liu
- Ngt chuyn i A/D
- Ngt mn hnh LCD
- Ngt han tt ghi EEPROM
- Ngt module CCS
- Ngt module SSP.
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Bit iu khin ca ngt RB0/INT nm trong thanh ghi INTCON, thanh ghi ny
cn cha bit cho php ngt ton cc GIE (Global Interrupt Enable) INTCON<7> , bit
cho php ngt ngoi vi PEIE (Peripheral Interrupt Enable) INTCON<6>. Bit iu
khin cc ngt khc nm trong thanh ghi PIE1 v PIE2, c ngt nm trong thanh ghi
PIR1 v PIR2. Trong mt thi im ch c 1 chng trnh ngt c thc thi, chng
trnh ngt kt thc bng lnh RETFIE (Return from Interrupt) tr v chng trnh
chnh.
Khi chng trnh ngt c thc thi, bit GIE t ng c xa, a ch tip theo ca
chng trnh chnh c ct vo stack v b m chng trnh ch n a ch 0004h.
Khi lnh RETFIE c thc thi th bit GIE c t ng set tip tc cho php cc
ngt.
Trc khi thc thi chng trnh ngt, ni dung mt s thanh ghi SFR nh l
STATUS, PCLATH cn c lu li v np li cc ni dung sau khi thc thi xong
chng trnh ngt. Ta phi lm nh vy v trong khi thc hin chng trnh ngt, ni
dung cc thanh ghi ny c th thay i v khi tr v chng trnh chnh, chng trnh
chnh c th hot ng khng chnh xc.
Bn cnh mi ngt cn c mt bit iu khin v c ngt ring. Cc c ngt
vn c set bnh thng khi tha mn iu kin ngt xy ra bt chp trng thi ca
bit GIE, tuy nhin hot ng ngt vn ph thuc vo bit GIE v cc bit iu khin
khc. Bit iu khin ngt RB0/INT v TMR0 nm trong thanh ghi INTCON, thanh
ghi ny cn cha bit cho php cc ngt ngoi vi PEIE. Bit iu khin cc ngt nm
trong thanh ghi PIE1 v PIE2. C ngt ca cc ngt nm trong thanh ghi PIR1 v
PIR2.
Trong mt thi im ch c mt chng trnh ngt c thc thi, chng trnh
ngt c kt thc bng lnh RETFIE. Khi chng trnh ngt c thc thi, bit GIE
t ng c xa, a ch lnh tip theo ca chng trnh chnh c ct vo trong b
nh Stack v b m chng trnh s ch n a ch 0004h. Lnh RETFIE c dng
thot khi chng trnh ngt v quay tr v chng trnh chnh, ng thi bit GIE
cng s c set cho php cc ngt hot ng tr li. Cc c hiu c dng
kim tra ngt no ang xy ra v phi c xa bng chng trnh trc khi cho php
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ngt tip tc hot ng tr li ta c th pht hin c thi im tip theo m ngt

xy ra.
i vi cc ngt ngoi vi nh ngt t chn INT hay ngt t s thay i trng
thi cc pin ca PORTB (PORTB Interrupt on change), vic xc nh ngt no xy ra
cn 3 hoc 4 chu k lnh ty thuc vo thi m xy ra ngt.
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CHNG 3
Module SIM548C
3. 1. Module SIM548C v cc thit b i km
SIM548C m-un l mt m-un nh gn hot ng 4 bng tn GSM/GPRS, ng
thi sn phm ny cng c tch hp k thut GPS cho nh v v tinh. Thit k gn
gip SIM548C d tch hp GSM/GPRS & GPS thnh gii php all-in-one. Bn s tit
kim c thi gian v tin bc vi thit b phn cng tch hp ny. c trang b vi
cng ngh GPS nh v v tinh. Thit k nh gn ca SIM548C lm cho n d dng
tch hp GSM / GPRS & GPS nh l mt gii php tt c trong mt. Bn s tit kim
ng k c thi gian v chi ph cho s hi nhp ca cc thnh phn phn cng b
sung.
Vi mt giao din tiu chun cng nghip v chc nng GPS, s kt hp ca c hai
cng ngh cho php ti sn c gi tr c theo di lin tc bt k v tr no v
bt c lc no vi vng ph sng.
Nhng tnh nng tng qut
- Quad-Band GSM 850/900/1800/1900MHz
- GPRS multi-slot class 10
- GPRS trm di ng loi B
- Tng thch vi GSM giai on 2 / 2 +
- Class 4 (2W GSM850/900MHz)
- Class 1 (1W @ GSM1800/1900MHz)
- Kim sot thng qua lnh AT (GSM 07,07 v 07,05 v SIMCom tng cng lnh
AT)
- B cng c ng dng SIM
- Tiu th in nng thp
- Cung cp in p khong 3,4 ... 4,5 V
- Nhit hot ng bnh thng: -30 C n +80 C
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- B hn ch Nhit hot ng: -40 C n -30 C v +80 C n +85 C

- Nhit bo qun: -45 C n 90 C
- Kch thc: 50 * 33 * 8.8mm
Thng s k thut cho GPS
- Thu 20 knh, L1 1575,42 MHz, C / code Mt con chip tc 1.023 MHz
- chnh xc v tr 2,5 m CEP
-M khng c SA / vn tc 0,1 m / s,
M khng c SA / Thi gian 1 ms ng b GPS thi gian
- Chc v vi DGPS / SBAS: 2.0 CEP
- Ngy WGS-84
- Mua t l (TTFF c xc nh mc 95% ca trm a phng v tr u tin)
- Hot bt u <1 s, trung bnh, m bu tri
- Warm bt u: 35 s, trung bnh, bu tri m
- Lnh bt u: 35 s, trung bnh, bu tri m
- H tr AGPS
- Hot ng in p 3,3 V DC 5%
- 160mW tiu th in nng thp 3,3 V (in y )
- Ngh nh th
- NMEA-0183
- SiRF nh phn
- RTCM SC-104
- Tinh th dao ng (TCXO), nhit bi thng vi s n nh tn s 0.5 ppm
- B nh 4 Mb Flash v 1Mb SRAM
Giao din
- 60-pin DIP kt ni
- Giao din bn ngoi SIM 3V hoc 1.8V
- Dual giao din m thanh tng t
- AT lnh thng qua giao din ni tip
- Embedded SIM th
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- LCD giao din

- RTC sao lu
- Ph giao din
- Serial giao din v giao din g ri
- Dual ni tip giao din cho GPS
- Hai ng-ten ring bit kt ni GSM / GPRS & GPS v hai ming m ng-ten cho
GSM / GPRS & GPS
y l module GSM/GPRS v GPS ca hng SIMCOM
Hnh: Module SIM548C

Module SIM548C l mt module nh gn c kh nng hot ng 4 bng tn
GSM/GPRS, ng thi sn phm ny cng c tch hp k thut GPS cho nh v v
tinh. Thit k gn gip SIM548C d tch hp GSM/GPRS & GPS thnh gii php allin-one. Bn s tit kim c thi gian v tin bc vi thit b phn cng tch hp ny.
c im chung:
4 bng tn GSM 850/900/1800/1900MHz
GPRS multi-slot class 10
GPRS mobile station class B
Tng thch vi GSM pha 2/2+
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- Class 4 (2W @ GSM850/900MHz)

- Class 1 (1W @ GSM1800/1900MHz)
iu khin bng tp lnh AT (GSM 07.07 v 07.05, tp lnh AT ci tin
SIMCom)
B tool kit ng dng SIM
Tiu th cng sut thp
in p cung cp trong khong 3.4 4.5V
Nhit hot ng bnh thng: -30C ti +80C
Nhit hot ng hn ch: -40C ti -30C v +80C ti +85C
Nhit lu tr: -45C ti +90C
Kch thc: 50 x 33 x 8.8mm
c im k thut ca GPS:
20 knh nhn, L1 1575.42MHz, C/A code tc chip 1,023MHz
chnh xc v tr 2.5m CEP
- Khng c SA/ vn tc 0.1 m/s

- Khng c SA/ thi gian ng b vi GPS 1 s
V tr vi DGPS/SBAS: 2.0 CEP
Date WGS-84
Tc thu thp (TTFF t 95% v tr u tin ca trm a phng)
- Hot start<1s, trung bnh, open sky

- Warm start: 35s, trung bnh, open sky
- Cold start: 35s, trung bnh, open sky
H tr AGPS
in p hot ng 3.3V DC 5%
Cng sut tiu th thp 160mW ti in p 3.3V
Cc giao thc:
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-NMEA-0183
-SiRF nh phn
-RTCM SC-104
B dao ng tinh th (TCXO), nhit c b vi tn s n nh 0.5 ppm
B nh flash 4MB v 1MB SRAM
Cc giao tip:
DIP 60 chn
Giao tip cho SIM ngoi 3V hoc 1.8V
2 giao tip m thanh analog
Giao tip serial cho cu hnh lnh AT
Khe SIM
Giao tip LCD
RTC d phng
Giao tip sc
Giao tip serial v Debug
2 giao tip serial cho GPS
2 u ni anten ring bit cho GSM/GPRS & GPS v 2 anten m cho
GSM/GPRS & GPS
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SIM 548 va cc thit b i km module SIM548C

Anten GPS
Connector
u ni anten
Anten gps
3.2. Phn cng module SIM548C
Phn cng ng dng GSM ca SIM548C
Mun giao tip vi module SIM548C phi thng qua mt chun cm 60 chn.
Ngun cung cp v ngun sc pin.Hai ng vo giao tip theo chun ni tip. Hai ng
vo analog. Ng vo ra dnh cho Simcard.
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60 chn sim548
Tn
I/O
VBAT
M t
c tnh in
C bn chn VBAT Vmax= 4.5V

dng cung cp ngun Vmin=3.4V
hot ng cho module
Vnorm=4.0V
GND
Chn ni t dnh cho

cc ng dng s.
PWRKEY
Ng vo dng m v VILmax=0.3*VBAT
tt ngun chnh ca VIHmin=0.7*VBAT
module. Chn ny c VImax=VBAT
ni vi mt nt nhn.
m v tt ngun ca
module,phi nhn nt
nhn gi chn ny
mc thp trong mt
khong thi gian ngn.
MIC1P
I
I
ca
Ng
vo
ca
microphone 2.
MIC2N
SPK1P
vo
microphone 1.
MIC1N
MIC2P
Ng
Ng ra ca loa 1.
Ng ra ca loa 2.
SPK1N
SPK2P
SPK2N
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BUZZER
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Ng ra dnh cho ci
bo.
AGND
Chn ni t dnh cho

cc ng dng tng t.
DISP_DATA
I/O
DISP_CLK
DISP_D/C
DISP_CS
DISP_RST
Giao tip LCD
VILmin=0V
VILmax=0.9
VIHmin=2.0
VIHmax= 3.2
VOLmin=GND
VOLmax=0.2V
VOHmin=2.7
VOHmax=2.9
Cc ng vo ra vi mc ch chung.
NETLIGHT
Ng ra cho bit trng VILmin=0V

thi
hot
ng
ca VILmax=0.9
module GSM.
STATUS
Ng ra cho bit cc
trng thi hot ng ca
cc ng dng khc c
trong module.
GPIO0
I/O
VIHmax= 3.2
VOLmin=GND
VOLmax=0.2V
Ng vo ra dng chung VOHmin=2.7

cho cc mc ch khc.
GPIO1
VIHmin=2.0
VOHmax=2.9
Port ni tip 1
DTR
Ng vo cho bit giao VILmin=0V

tip sn sng.
RXD
Ng vo nhn d liu,
TXD
Ng ra truyn d liu.
RTS
Ng vo yu cu gi d
liu.
CTS
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Sn sng gi d liu.
VILmax=0.9
VIHmin=2.0
VIHmax= 3.2
VOLmin=GND
VOLmax=0.2V
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Ng ra cho bit trng VOHmin=2.7

thi hot ng.
DCD
VOHmax=2.9
Ng ra cho bit d liu

c gi i.
Port ni tip 2
DBG_TX
Port dng sa li v
DBG_RX
giao tip bng tp lnh

AT.
Cc chn dnh cho Sim card

SIM_VDD
Ngun cung cp cho C 2 loi ngun cung

Sim card
cp
1.8V
3V.
c la chn bi
phn mm.
SIM_DATA
I/O
Chn truyn nhn d VILmin=0V

liu vi SIM.
VILmax=0.3*
SIM_VDD
SIM_CLK
Xung nhp cho SIM.
SIM_PRESENCE
Chn nhn bit c

Sim card.
SIM_RST
Chn reset SIM.
VIHmin=0.7*
SIM_VDD
VIHmax= SIM_VDD
+0.3
VOLmin=GND
VOLmax=0.2V
VOHmin=SIM_VDD
-0.2
VOHmax=SIM_VDD
ng dng ADC
ADC0
Ng v dnh cho mc in p ng vo t 0ch chuyn i t dng 24V.

tng t sang dng s.
TEMP_BAT
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40
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ca pin.
ng dung GSM ca module SIM548C
S dng chn PWMRKEY bt ng dng GSM
cho php ng GSM hot ng,yu cu phi gi chn PWRKEY mc thp trong
mt khong thi gian ngn.
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Khi vic bt ng dng GSM hon tt. Module s gi tr li thng bo ng dng

sn sng hot ng RDY. V chn STATUS s c ko ln mc cao v gi
mc ny khi ng dng GSM hot ng.
S dng chn VCHG bt ng dng GSM.
y l chn dnh cho b sc pin ca module SIM548C.Nu b sc c ni vi
chn VCHG ca module khi ang trong ch POWER DOWM,th n s chuyn
sang ch GHOST (ch sc pin). Trong ch ny module khng kt ni mng v
ch cho php mt vi lnh AT lm vic. Khi s dng chn VCHG bt ng dng
GSM,module s gi thng bo:
RDY
GHOST MODE
+CFUN: 0
Trong ch GHOST, vic ko chn PWRKEY xung mc thp trong mt
khong thi gian ngn ng dng GSM s c m v chuyn sang ch sc in,tt
c chc nng ca ng dng GSM c m v cho php thc hin c tt c cc lnh
AT. Lc ny module s gi tr thng bo:
From GHOST MODE to NORMAL MODE
S dng b thi gian thc RTC bt ng dng GSM (ch bo
ng).
ch bo ng, cho php ng dng GSM hot ng bng vic s dng b thi
gian thc RTC. B thi gian thc s nh thc GSM ca module SIM548C khi ng
dng ny ngng hot ng. Trong ch ny module s khng kt ni mng GSM v
cc tp lnh dnh cho SIM card s khng thc hin c.
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C th s dng lnh AT+CALARM ci t thi gian bo ng. B thi gian thc

s gi module trong thi gian bo ng nu ng dng GSM c tt bng lnh
AT+CPOWD=1 hay chn PWRKEY. Module s chuyn sang ch bo ng.
Lc ny module s gi thng bo:
RDY
ALARM MODE
Ch bo ng s hot ng trong mt thi gian ti a 90s,lc ny module s t
ng ngng hot ng. Tuy nhin,trong sut thi gian bo ng,nu lnh
AT+CFUN=1 c gi n,vic module t ng tt s khng xy ra. Cng trong ch
ny,vic ko chn PWRKEY xung mc thp trong mt khong thi gian ngn s
lm ng dng GSM ngng hot ng ngay lp tc.
3. 3.Tt ng dng GSM ca module SIM548C
Cc cch c s dng tt ng dng GSM ca module SIM548C:
S dng chn PWRKEY.
S dng lnh AT.
Module pht hin ngun cung cp yu.
Qu nhit.
S dng chn PWRKEY tt ng dng GSM.
C th tt ng dng GSM bng vic ko chn PWRKEY xung mc thp trong mt
khong thi gian ngn. Module s gi thng bo:
NORMAL POWER DOWN
Lc ny,tt c lnh AT s khng c hiu lc. Module chuyn sang ch POWER
DOWN, v ch cn b thi gian thc RTC hot ng. Qu trnh ny cng c th c
nhn bit thng qua chn STATUS,chn ny s b t ng xung mc thp trong ch
ny.
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Dng chn PWRKEY tt ng dng GSM
S dng lnh AT tt ng dng GSM.

C th s dng lnh AT+CPOWD=1 tt ng dng GSM. Module gi tr thng
bo:
NORMAL POWER DOWN
Lc ny,tt c lnh AT s khng c hiu lc. Module chuyn sang ch POWER
DOWN, v ch cn b thi gian thc RTC hot ng. Qu trnh ny cng c th c
nhn bit thng qua chn STATUS,chn ny s b t ng xung mc thp trong ch
ny.
ng dng s t ng tt khi ngun cung cp yu.
Phn mm s thng xuyn kim tra in p ngun cung cp trn chn VBAT,nu
mc in p nh hn 3.5V,module s gi thng bo:
POWER LOW WARNNING
Nu mc in xung di 3.4V,module s gi thng bo:
POWER LOW DOWN
Lc ny module s t ng v ch POWER DOWN,ch cn b thi gian thc hot
ng. Chn STATUS cng s v mc thp.
ng dng GSM s t ng tt nu qu nhit.
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Phn mm s lun kim tra nhit ca module. Nu nhit hin ti ca module ln

bng hoc ln hn 80,module s gi thng bo:
+CMTE:1
Nu nhit thp hn -30,module s gi thng bo:
+CMTE:-1
Nu nhit trn 85,module s gi thng bo
+CMTE:2
Nu di -35:
+CMTE:-2
Nu nhit nm ngoi khong -35 n 85,module s t ng tt.
Lc ny module s t ng v ch POWER DOWN,ch cn b thi gian thc hot
ng. Chn STATUS cng s v mc thp.
C th kim tra nhit hin ti ca module bng cch s dng lnh AT+CMTE
khi module ang hot ng.
3.3.1. Truyn thng ni tip.
giao tip v s dng ng dng GSM,module SIM548C cung cp chun giao tip
ni tip.
-
By ng lin kt trn mt port giao tip.
Bao gm ng truyn d liu /RXD v /TXD,ng truyn trng

thi /RTS v /CTS,ng truyn iu khin /DTR,/DCD v /RING.
Vi chun giao tip ny c th s dng cho CSD FAX,dch v GPRS v

gi lnh AT.
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Hnh: Chun giao tip ni tip ca SIM548C
Tc baud ca giao tip ni tip: 300,1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200,

38400, 57600, 115200.
Module c th t ng la chn tc baud giao tip: 4800, 9600,

19200, 38400, 57600, 115200.
Kt ni vi SIM card.
C th s dng lnh AT ly thng tin t SIM card.
Module h tr c 2 loi SIM card 1.8V v 3.0V.
Hnh: Kt ni SIM card 6 chn

-
Cu to SIM card:
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Hnh: Cu to SIM card 6 chn

Chn
Tn
M t
C1
VSIM
Ngun do module cung cp. Module

SIM548C s t ng xc nh loi SIM
cung cp ngun 33.0V10% hay
1.8V10%. Dng cung cp l 10mA.
C2
SIM_RESET
Chn reset SIM card.
C3
SIM_CLOCK Chn xung clock SIM card.
C5
GND
Chn ni t.
C6
VPP
Khng cn kt ni.
C7
SIM_DATA
Chn truyn nhn d liu.
Bng: Th t chn SIM card

3.3.2. Trng thi ca chn STATUS.
Ta c th bit c tnh trng ca mng GSM thng qua chn STATUS.
Trng thi
Mng GSM
Off
ng dng GSM ca SIM548C khng hot ng.
64ms On/ 800ms Off
ng dng GSM khng tm thy mng.
64ms On/ 3000ms Off
ng dng GSM ang kt ni mng.
64ms On/ 300ms
ang giao tip GPRS.
Bng: Trng thi chn STATUS

Ta s dng n led kt ni vi chn STATUS.
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Hnh 3.8 : Kt ni vi chn NETLIGHT

3. 3. 3. Phn cng ng dng GPS ca module SIM548C
Giao tip vi ng dng GPS thng qua chun giao tip ni tip RS-232.
3. 3. 4. Chi tit cc chn dng cho ng dng GPS.
Tn
I/O M t
GPS_VCC
c tnh in
C chn dng cung cp ngun Vmax= 5.0V

cho ng dng GPS.
Vmin=3V
Vnorm=3.3V
GPS_VRTC
Ngun d tr cho b thi gian thc Vmax= 3.3V

v SRAM. Khng kt ni nu khng Vmin=2.7V
s dng.
Vnorm=3.0V
GPS_VANT
Ngun ngoi dng cho anten GPS. Imax=25mA

Ng vo ny dng la chn Vmax=5V
ngun hot ng cho anten GPS loi Vmin=2.85V
5V hay 3V. Chn ny c th kt ni
trc tip vi GPS_VCC_RF.
GPS_VCC_RF O
Ngun cung cp cho anten GPS loi Vmax=2.9V

3V.
Vmin=2.8V
Vnorm=2.85V
Imax=25mA
Giao tip ni tip

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GPS_TXA
Chn truyn d liu ca portA.
VILmin=-0.3V
GPS_RXA
Chn nhn d liu ca portA.
VILmax=0.84V
GPS_TXB
Chn truyn d liu ca portB.
GPS_RXB
Chn nhn d liu ca portB.
GPS_M-RST
Chn reset ng dng GPS.
VIHmin=1.6V
VIHmax= 3.1V
VOLmin=GND
VOLmax=0.7V
VOHmin=2.1V
VOHmax=2.8V
Bng 3.5 : Cc chn dnh cho ng dng GPS

3. 3. 5. Bt ng dng GPS
cho ng dng GPS hot ng,ngun cung cp ti chn GPS_VCC phi ln hn
2.3V,v gi mc ny trong khong t nht 220ms.
Hnh 3.9 : Bt ng dng GPS

3. 3. 6. Mch kt ni cho chn VRTC
B thi gian thc RTC l rt quan trng cho ng dng GPS v ngun SRAM cng ly
t chn VRTC.
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Hnh 3.10 : Kt ni vi chn VRTC

3. 3. 7. Mch kt ni cho chn RESET
C mt IC trong module SIM548C dng cho vic reset ng dng GPS. Nu in p
ng vo ca IC nh hn 2.3V,th chn reset s gi mc thp,sau nu ng vo
mc ln hn 2.3V th IC s to ra mt tn hiu reset trong khong 220ms. Sau chn
reset s ln mc cao. Mun reset ng dng GPS,th chn GPS_M-RST nn gi mc
thp t nht 10ms.
Hnh 3.11 : Kt ni vi chn RESET

3. 3. 8. Chun giao tip ni tip ca ng dng GPS.
Module SIM548C h tr hai port giao tip cho ng dng GPS (portA v portB).
PortA:
-
Hai chn truyn nhn d liu : GPS_RXA v GPS_TXA.
H tr tc baud t 1200 n 115200 bps.
Chun giao thc truyn d liu : NMEA,4800 bps.
nh dng d liu u ra: GGA,GSA,GSV,RMC,VTG.
Tn s cp nht : 1Hz
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PortB:
-
Hai chn truyn nhn d liu : GPS_RXB v GPS_TXB.
H tr tc baud t 1200-15200 bps.
3.4. ng dng GPS ca module SIM548C.

3.4.1. GPS H thng nh v ton cu
GPS (Global Positioning System) l h thng xc nh v tr da trn v tr ca cc v
tinh nhn to. Trong cng mt thi im, mt v tr trn mt t nu xc nh c
khong cch n ti thiu ba v tinh th s tnh c c ta ca v tr .
GPS l h thng nh v ton cu ca M da trn mt mng li 24 qu v tinh c
B Quc phng Hoa K t trn qu o khng gian.
Hnh 3.21 : V tinh GPS

Cc v tinh bay vng quanh tri t hai ln trong mt ngy theo mt qu o chnh
xc v pht tn hiu 51ung51 tin xung Tri t. Cc my thu GPS nhn c
51ung51 tin t cc v tinh v bng php tnh lng gic tnh c v tr ca my thu.
V bn ch my thu GPS so snh thi gian tn hiu c pht i t v tinh vi thi
gian nhn c chng. Sai lch v thi gian cho bit my thu GPS cch v tinh bao
xa.My thu phi nhn c tn hiu ca t nht ba v tinh tnh ra v tr hai chiu
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(kinh v v ) v theo di c chuyn ng. Khi nhn c tn hiu ca t

nht 4 v tinh th my thu c th tnh c v tr ba chiu (kinh ,v v cao).
Mt khi v tr ca ngi dng c tnh th my thu GPS c th tnh cc 52ung52
tin khc nh tc ,hng chuyn ng,hnh trnh,qung cch ti im n,thi
gian..
Cc v tinh GPS pht hai tn hiu v tuyn cng sut thp di L1 v L2. (di L l phn
52ung cc ngn ca ph in t tri rng t 0,39 ti 1,55 GHz). GPS dn s 52ung
tn s L1 1575.42 MHz trong di UHF. Tn hiu truyn trc th, c ngha l chng s
xuyn qua my, thy tinh v nha nhng khng qua phn ln cc i tng cng nh
ni v nh.
V chnh xc ca h thng GPS,cc my thu GPS ngy nay c th nh v v tr
chnh xc nh vo thit k nhiu knh hot ng song song. Nh cc knh song song
ny cho php my thu duy tr kt ni bn vng,thm ch trong tn l rm rp hay
thnh ph vi cc ta nh cao tng. Trng thi ca kh quyn v c ngun gy sai s
c th nh hng ti chnh xc ca my thu GPS. Cc my thu GPS c chnh
xc trung bnh 15 mt. Tuy nhin vi cc my thu mi hn vi kh nng WAAS
(Wide Area Augmentation System) c th tng chnh xc ti 3 mt,k thut DGPS
(Differential GPS GPS sai phn) cho php nh v cc i tng chuyn ng vi
chnh xc 1m v k thut RTK GPS (Real Time Kinematic GPS GPS o ng
thi gian thc) nh v cc i tng chuyn ng vi chnh xc cao (c vi
centimet).
3. 4. 2. K thut DGPS
Ngoi k thut nh v GPS thng thng c chnh xc nh nht 5 mt, module
SIM548C cn h tr k thut DGPS (Differential GPS GPS sai phn) c chnh
xc nh nht 1m.
Phng php DGPS l phng php nh v ng tuyt i thi gian thc dng t
nht hai my thu GPS, mi my thu GPS c kt ni vi mt b thu pht tn hiu
bng sng v tuyn thng gi l Radio link. Mt my thu GPS c nh t ti mc
ta gc c kt ni vi 1 my pht v tuyn v my thu di ng c kt ni vi my
thu v tuyn t trn cc phng tin ang di chuyn. Gia my thu GPS v my v
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tuyn trao i nhau bng cc thng ip dng s (Digital) cha cc thng tin v s
hiu chnh khong cch gi theo chun RTCM SC-104. Loi thng ip ny do y
ban k thut v tuyn hng hi quc t (Radio Technical Commission for Marine
Service) nh ngha v xut. C ch hot ng ca phng php c th tm tt nh
sau:
* Ti trm tnh (Base): Ta gc bit trc theo h WGS84 c nhp vo my thu
c nh. Khi hot ng my thu ny s thc hin ng thi vic o khong cch gi v
tnh ton khong cch tht n tng v tinh. Sau tnh ra s hiu chnh khong cch
S n tng v tinh tham chiu theo thng ip chun RTCM SC-104. Thng ip
ny c truyn sang my pht v tuyn. Ti y thng ip c iu bin trn ln
vo sng mang loi HF, hay UHF v pht vo khng gian bng anten v tuyn.
* Ti trm ng (Rover): Khi thu c sng v tuyn truyn n t trm tnh, my
thu v tuyn s khuych i ln, gii iu bin tch ra thng ip RTCM SC-104 v
gi n my thu GPS t c c cc s hiu chnh v khong cch. Nhng s hiu
chnh S ny s c my thu cng vo khong cch gi o c trc khi tnh ra
ta tuyt i ca v tr hin hnh ti thi im ang o. Qu trnh thu nhn v x l
nh vy xy ra lin tc sut qu trnh o.
Khong cch t trm tnh n trm ng ph thuc vo kh nng truyn ti tn hiu
ca b thu pht radio link. Nu radio link dng sng mang HF th tm xa c th t
n 500Km. Nu radio link dng sng mang UHF th tm xa ch c th t n
50Km vi iu kin phi c s thng thong gia 2 anten UHF. Ngoi ra tm xa cn
ph thuc vo cng sut thu pht ca my radio link.
3. 4. 3. Chun giao tip NMEA.
D liu u ra
D liu u ra ca SIM548C theo giao thc NMEA c nhiu nh dng:
Dng d liu u ra
M t
GGA
Thi gian v v tr
GGL
Kinh v v
GSA
Ch hot ng ca b nhn GPS,cc v tinh nhn
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c, v gi tr DOP.
GSV
S v tinh nhn c tn hiu, cao so vi mc nc

bin,gc phng v, v gi tr SNR.
RMC
Thi gian,ngy,v tr,tc d liu v hng.
VTG
Hng v tc truyn thng tin so vi mt t.
Bng 3.14 : Cc dng d liu u ra ca SIM548C

-
GGA Global Positioning System Fixed Data:
y l mt nh dng u ra ca SIM548C theo NMEA.

V d:
$GPGGA,002153.000,3342.6618,N,11751.3858,W,1,10,1.2,27.0,M,34.2,M,,000*5E
ngha
V d
M t
v
ID
$GPGGA
Chui u ca giao thc

GGA
Thi gian
002153.000
hhmmss.sss
3342.6618
ddmm.mmmm
N/S
N=Cc bc hay S=Cc nam
Kinh
11751.3858
Dddmm.mmmm
E/W
E=Pha ng hay W=Pha

ty.
nh dng v tr
Theo Bng 1.2
V tinh c s 10
T 0-12
dng
HDOP
1.2
mt chnh xc theo
phng ngang
cao so vi mc 27.0
Meters
nc bin.
n v
Byte kim tra li
*05
<CR><LF>
SVTH: L THANH DUY
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Meters
Kt thc.
54
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Bng: Giao thc GGA
Gi tr
M t
Khng c tn hiu.
GPS
DGPS
3-5
Khng h tr.
Mt phng php nh v bng cch lp biu hnh

trnh v tc t v tr bit.
Bng: nh dng v tr
GLLGeographic Position - Latitude/Longitude:
y l mt nh dng u ra cho bit v tr ca robot.

V d:
$GPGLL,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,161229.487,A,A*41
ngha
V d
M t
v
ID
$GPGLL
Chui u ca giao thc

GLL.
3723.2475
Ddmm.mmmm
N/S
Kinh
12158.3416
Dddmm.mmmm
E/W
E=Pha ng hay W=Pha

ty.
Thi gian
161229.487
hhmmss.sss
Trang thi
A = c tn hiu hay V =
khng c tn hiu.
Ch
Byte kim tra li
*41
<CR><LF>
A= c lp,D=DGPS
Kt thc.
Bng: Giao thc GLL

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GSAGNSS DOP and Active Satellites
y l nh dng u ra cho bit gi tr DOP(),v hot ng ca v tinh.

V d:
$GPGSA,A,3,07,02,26,27,09,04,15, , , , , ,1.8,1.0,1.5*33
ngha
V d
M t
v
ID
ID $GPGSA
Chui u ca giao thc

GSA
Ch 1
Theo bng 1.5
Ch 2
Theo bng 1.6
V tinh
07
Knh 1
V tinh
02
Knh 2
.
V tinh
Knh 12
PDOP
1.8
mt chnh xc v tr.
HDOP
1.0
mt chnh xc theo
phng ngang.
VDOP
1.5
mt chnh xc theo
phng thng ng.
Byte kim tra li
*33
<CR><LF>
Kt thc
Bng: Giao thc GSA
Hot ng ch 2D hay 3D
Hot ng ch 2D v c th chuyn i gia 2D v

3D mt cch t ng.
Bng: Ch 1
Khng c tn hiu.
2D (di 4 v tinh c s dng).
3D (>3 v tinh c s dng).

Bng: Ch 2
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GSVGNSS Satellites in View
nh dng ny cho bit thng tin ca cc v tinh c s dng.

V d:
$GPGSV,2,1,07,07,79,048,42,02,51,062,43,26,36,256,42,27,27,138,42*71
$GPGSV,2,2,07,09,23,313,42,04,19,159,41,15,12,041,42*41
ngha
V d
M t
v
ID
$GPGSV
Chui u ca giao thc

GSV
thng
ip 2
T 1 n 3.
nhn c.
V
tinh
nhn 07
c
ID ca v tinh
07
Knh 1 (t 1-32)
cao
79
Knh 1 (ti a 90)
Gc phng v
048
Knh 1 (t 0-359)
SNR (C/N0)
42
dBHz
T 0=99
ID ca v tinh
27
Knh 4 (1-32)
..
Byte kim tra li
*71
<CR><LF>
Kt thc
Bng: Giao thc GSV
RMCRecommended Minimum Specific GNSS Data
nh dng ny cho bit y v chi tit v thi gian,ngy,v tr,tc d liu,hng.

V d:
$GPRMC,161229.487,A,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,0.13,309.62,120598, ,*10
ngha
V d
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v
ID
$GPRMC
Chui u ca giao thc

RMC
Thi gian
161229.487
Hhmmss.sss
Trng thi
A=c tn hiu hay V=khng

c tn hiu.
3723.2475
ddmm.mmmm
N/S
Kinh
12158.3416
Dddmm.mmmm
E/W
E=Pha ng hay W=Pha

ty.
Tc
0.13
knots
Hng
309.62
Ngy
120598
S thay i ca
Ddmmyy
lch
E=Pha ng hay W=Pha

ty
(magnetic)
E/W
Byte kim tra li
*10
E=Pha ng
<CR><LF>
Kt thc.
Bng : Giao thc RMC
VTGCourse Over Ground and Ground Speed
nh dng ny cho bit v hng v tc so vi mt t,

V d:
$GPVTG,309.62,T, ,M,0.13,N,0.2,K,A*23
ngha
V d
M t
v
ID
ID $GPVTG
Chui u ca giao thc

VTG
Hng
309.62
SVTH: L THANH DUY

NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
Hng hin ti.
58
N MN THIT BI U CUI
Chun quy chiu
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
Hng
T=True
Hng hin ti.
Chun quy chiu
T tnh.
Tc
0.13
n v
Tc
0.2
n v
Km/h
Ch
A=c lp,D=DGPS,E=DR
Byte kim tra li
*23
Knots
Tc hin ti.
knot
Km/h
<CR><LF>
Tc hin ti.
Kt thc
Bng: Giao thc VTG.
SVTH: L THANH DUY

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CHNG 4
LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)
4. 1. GII THIU CHUNG V LCD.
C rt nhiu loi LCD vi nhiu hnh dng v kch thc khc nhau, trn hnh 4.1
l hai loi LCD thong dng.
SVTH: L THANH DUY

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4.2. TN VA CHC NNG CAC CHN

Bang 4.1: Tn va chc nng cac chn LCD
Ch
Ky Hiu
Mc Logic
I/O
Chc Nng
Vss
Ngun (GND)
Vcc
Ngun (+5V)
Vee
Chinh tng phan
RS
0/1
0=Nhp lnh
1=Nhp data
5
R/W
0/1
0=Ghi data
1=oc data
1, 1
DB0
Tin hiu cho phep.
0/1
I/O
Bus data 0
DB1
0/1
I/O
Bus data 0
DB2
0/1
I/O
Bus data 0
10
DB3
0/1
I/O
Bus data 0
11
DB4
0/1
I/O
Bus data 0
12
DB5
0/1
I/O
Bus data 0
13
DB6
0/1
I/O
Bus data 0
14
DB7
0/1
I/O
Bus data 0
15
Lamp ( - )
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KIU LINH TUN
en LCD
61
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16
Lamp ( + ) -
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
en LCD
Ghi ch : ch c, ngha l MPU s c thng tin t LCD thng qua cc chn

DBx.Cn khi ch ghi, ngha l MPU xut thng tin iu khin cho LCD thng
qua cc chn DBx.
Hinh: S khi cua Chip HD 44780

4.3. CAC THANH GHI .
Chp HD44780 c 2 thanh ghi 8 bit quan trng : Thanh ghi lnh IR (Instructor
Register) v thanh ghi d liu DR (Data Register) - Thanh ghi IR : iu khin
LCD, ngi dng phi ra lnh thng qua tm ng bus DB0-DB7. Mi lnh c
nh sn xut LCD nh a ch r rng. Ngi dng ch vic cung cp a ch lnh
bng cch np vo thanh ghi IR. Ngha l, khi ta np vo thanh ghi IR mt chui 8 bit,
chp HD44780 s tra bng m lnh ti a ch m IR cung cp v thc hin lnh .
VD : Lnh hin th mn hnh c a ch lnh l 00001100 (DB7DB0)
Lnh hin th mn hnh v con tr c m lnh l 00001110
Thanh ghi DR : Thanh ghi DR dng cha d liu 8 bit ghi vo vng RAM
DDRAM hoc CGRAM ( ch ghi) hoc dng cha d liu t 2 vng RAM
ny gi ra cho MPU ( ch c). Ngha l, khi MPU ghi thng tin vo DR, mch
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GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
ni bn trong chp s t ng ghi thng tin ny vo DDRAM hoc CGRAM. Hoc khi
thng tin v a ch c ghi vo IR, d liu a ch ny trong vng RAM ni s
c chuyn ra DR truyn cho MPU.
Bng cch iu khin chn RS v R/W chng ta c th chuyn qua li gi 2 thanh
ghi ny khi giao tip vi MPU. Bng sau y tm tt li cc thit lp i vi hai chn
RS v R/W theo mc ch giao tip.
Bang Tinh nng cua RS va R/W
RS
R/W
Khi cn
Ghi vao thanh ghi IR ra lnh cho LCD.
oc c bn cua DB7 va gia tri cua b m DB0-DB6.
Ghi vao thanh ghi DR.
oc d liu t DR.
V d : Ghi vo DDRAM ti a ch 01 mt chui 8 bit 01100010 th trn LCD ti

th 2 t tri sang (dng trn) s hin th k t b.
Hinh 4.7: Bang Ma Ky T ROM (code A00)
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4.4. CAC TP LNH CUA LCD

Cc lnh ca LCD c th chia thnh 4 nhm nh sau :
Cc lnh v kiu hin th. VD : Kiu hin th (1 hng / 2 hng), chiu di d liu (8
bit/ 4 bit),
Ch nh a ch RAM ni.
Nhm lnh truyn d liu trong RAM ni.
Cc lnh cn li .
Bang: Tp lnh cua LCD
Command RS R/W D7
Clear
Display
SVTH: L THANH DUY

NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Execution
Time
1.64ms
64
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Cursor
Home
Entry
mode set
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
1.64ms
I/D
40us
40us
40us
DL
40us
DDRAM address
40us
BF
DDRAM address
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
40us
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
40us
Display
on/off
control
Cursor
/Diplay
S/C R/L
shift
Function
set
Set
CGRAM
CGRAM address
40us
address
Set
DDRAM
address
Read
Busy
Flag
Write to
CGRAM
or
DDRAM
Read from
CGRAM
or
DDRAM
Bang: Bang Tom tt ma lnh LCD
SVTH: L THANH DUY
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Ma hex
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
Lnh n thanh ghi LCD
Xoa man hinh hin thi.
Tr v u dong hin thi.
Giam con tro (dich con tro sang trai).
Tng con tro (dich con tro sang phai).
Dich hin thi sang phai.
Dich hin thi sang trai.
Tt con tro , tt hin thi.
Tt hin thi, bt con tro.
Bt hin thi, tt con tro.
Bt hin thi, nhp nhay con tro.
Tt con tro, nhp nhay con tro
10
Dich vi tri con tro sang trai.
14
Dich vi tri con tro sang phai.
18
Dich toan b hin thi sang trai.
4.5. CAC CHN IU KHIN LCD

Cc chn iu khin vic c v ghi LCD bao gm RS, R/W v EN.
RS (chn s 3): Chn la chn thanh ghi (Select Register), chn ny cho php
la chn 1 trong 2 thanh ghi IR hoc DR lm vic. V c 2 thanh ghi ny u c
kt ni vi cc chn Data ca LCD nn cn 1 bit la chn gia chng. Nu RS=0,
thanh ghi IR c chn v nu RS=1 thanh ghi DR c chn. Chng ta u bit
thanh ghi IR l thanh ghi cha m lnh cho LCD, v th nu mun gi 1 m lnh n
LCD th chn RS phi c reset v 0. Ngc li, khi mun ghi m ASCII ca k t
cn hin th ln LCD th chng ta s set RS=1 chn thanh ghi DR. Hot ng ca
chn RS c m t trong hnh 4.9.
SVTH: L THANH DUY

NGUYN NGC DNG
Hnh 4.9: Hot ng ca chn RS.
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R/W (chn s 4): Chn la chn gia vic c v ghi. Nu R/W=0 th d liu s
c ghi t b iu khin ngoi (vi iu khin AVR chng hn) vo LCD. Nu
R/W=1 th d liu s c c t LCD ra ngoi. Tuy nhin, ch c duy nht 1 trng
hp m d liu c th c t LCD ra, l c trng thi LCD bit LCD c ang
bn hay khng (c Busy Flag - BF). Do LCD l mt thit b hot ng tng i
chm (so vi vi iu khin), v th mt c BF c dng bo LCD ang bn, nu
BF=1 th chng ta phi ch cho LCD x l xong nhim v hin ti, n khi no BF=0
mt thao tc mi s c gn cho LCD. V th, khi lm vic vi Text LCD chng ta
nht thit phi c mt chng trnh con tm gi l wait_LCD ch cho n khi LCD
rnh. C 2 cch vit chng trnh wait_LCD.
Cch 1: l c bit BF v kim tra v ch BF=0, cch ny i hi lnh c t LCD
v b iu khin ngoi, do chn R/W cn c ni vi b iu khin ngoi.
Cch 2: l vit mt hm delay mt khong thi gian c nh no (tt nht l trn
1ms). u im ca cch 2 l s n gin v khng cn c LCD, do chn R/W
khng cn s dng v lun c ni vi GND. Tuy nhin, nhc im ca cch 2 l
khong thi gian delay c nh nu qu ln s lm chm qu trnh thao tc LCD, nu
qu nh s gy ra li hin th.
EN (chn s 5): Chn cho php LCD hot ng (Enable), chn ny cn c
kt ni vi b iu khin cho php thao tc LCD. c v ghi data t LCD
chng ta cn to mt xung cnh xung trn chn EN, ni theo cch khc, mun ghi
d liu vo LCD trc ht cn m bo rng chn EN=0, tip n xut d liu n
cc chn D0:7, sau set chn EN ln 1 v cui cng l xa EN v 0 to 1 xung
cnh xung.
SVTH: L THANH DUY
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KIU LINH TUN
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GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
GIAO TIP 8BIT VA 4 BIT

Nh trnh by trong lnh function set, c 2 mode ghi v c d liu vo LCD l
mode 8 bit v mode 4 bit:
Mode 8 bit: Nu bit DL trong lnh function set bng 1 th mode 8 bit c
dng. s dng mode 8 bit, tt c cc lines d liu ca LCD t D0 n D7 (t chn
7 n chn 14) phi c ni vi 1 PORT ca chip iu khin bn ngoi. u im ca
phng php giao tip ny l d liu c ghi v c rt nhanh v n gin v chip
iu khin ch cn xut hoc nhn d liu trn 1 PORT. Tuy nhin, phng php ny
c nhc im l tng s chn dnh cho giao tip LCD qu nhiu, nu tnh lun c 3
chn iu khin th cn n 11 ng cho giao tip LCD.
Mode 4 bit: LCD cho php giao tip vi b iu khin ngoi theo ch 4 bit.
Trong ch ny, cc chn D0, D1, D2 v D3 ca LCD khng c s dng (
trng), ch c 4 chn t D4 n D7 c kt ni vi chip b iu khin ngoi. Cc
instruction v data 8 bit s c ghi v c bng cch chia thnh 2 phn, gi l cc
Nibbles, mi nibble gm 4 bit v c giao tip thng qua 4 chn D7:4, nibble cao
c x l trc v nibble thp sau. u im ln nht ca phng php ny ti thiu
s lines dng cho giao tip LCD. Tuy nhin, vic c v ghi tng nibble tng i
kh khn hn c v ghi d liu 8 bit.
SVTH: L THANH DUY

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GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
Trinh t giao tip vi LCD co th tom tt bi lu sau:

START LCD
Khi ng LCD
( init_LCD)
Xoa LCD
( Clr_LCD)
Ghi LCD
( kytu_LCD) (print_LCD)
Di chuyn con
tro_LCD
( move_LCD)
Init_LCD
Function set
Display control
Entry mode set
Return
p
Ti
c?
Tu
STOP
SVTH: L THANH DUY

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GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
CHNG 5
CC LINH KIN KHC
IN TR
in tr l s cn tr dng in ca mt vt dn in, nu mt vt dn in tt th in tr
nh, vt dn in km th in tr ln, vt cch in th in tr l v cng ln.
in tr ca dy dn :
- in tr ca dy dn ph thc vo cht liu, di v tit din ca dy. c tnh theo cng
thc sau:
R = .L / S
Trong l in tr xut ph thuc vo cht liu

L l chiu di dy dn
S l tit din dy dn
R l in tr n v l Ohm
a) Hnh dng v k hiu : Trong thit b in t in tr l mt linh kin quan trng, chng
c lm t hp cht cacbon v kim loi tu theo t l pha trn m ngi ta to ra c cc
loi in tr c tr s khc nhau.
Hnh dng ca in tr trong thit b in t.
K hiu ca in tr trn cc s nguyn l.

b) n v ca in tr
n v in tr l (Ohm) , K , M
1K = 1000
1M = 1000 K = 1000.000
c) Cch ghi tr s ca in tr
Cc in tr c kch thc nh c ghi tr s bng cc vch mu theo mt quy c

chung ca th gii.( xem hnh trn )
SVTH: L THANH DUY

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GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
Cc in tr c kch thc ln hn t 2W tr ln thng c ghi tr s trc tip trn

thn. V d nh cc in tr cng xut, in tr s.
Tr s cng xut ln , tr s c ghi trc tip.

* Cch c tr s in tr .
Quy c mu Quc t
Mu sc Gi tr
Mu sc Gi tr
en 0
Xanh l
5
Nu 1
Xanh l
6
2
Tm
7
Cam 3
Xm
8
Vng 4
Trng 9
Nh vng
-1
Nh bc
-2
in tr thng c k hiu bng 4 vng mu , in tr chnh xc th k hiu bng 5 vng

mu.
* Cch c tr s in tr 4 vng mu
SVTH: L THANH DUY

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GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
Cch c in tr 4 vng mu
Vng s 4 l vng cui lun lun c mu nh vng hay nh bc, y l vng ch sai
s ca in tr, khi c tr s ta b qua vng ny.
i din vi vng cui l vng s 1, tip theo n vng s 2, s 3
Vng s 1 v vng s 2 l hng chc v hng n v
Vng s 3 l bi s ca c s 10.
Tr s = (vng 1)(vng 2) x 10 ( m vng 3)
C th tnh vng s 3 l s con s khng "0" thm vo
Mu nh ch c vng sai s hoc vng s 3, nu vng s 3 l nh th s m ca c
s 10 l s m.
* Cch c tr s in tr 5 vng mu : ( in tr chnh xc )
Vng s 5 l vng cui cng , l vng ghi sai s, tr 5 vng mu th mu sai s c

nhiu mu, do gy kh khn cho ta khi xc inh u l vng cui cng, tuy nhin
vng cui lun c khong cch xa hn mt cht.
i din vng cui l vng s 1
Tng t cch c tr s ca tr 4 vng mu nhng y vng s 4 l bi s ca c
s 10, vng s 1, s 2, s 3 ln lt l hng trm, hng chc v hng n v.
Tr s = (vng 1)(vng 2)(vng 3) x 10 ( m vng 4)
C th tnh vng s 4 l s con s khng "0" thm vo.
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GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
TU IN
T in theo ng tn gi chnh l linh kin c chc nng tch t nng lng
in, ni mt cch nm na. Chng thng c dng kt hp vi cc in tr trong
cc mch nh thi bi kh nng tch t nng lng in trong mt khong thi gian
nht nh. ng thi t in cng c s dng trong cc ngun in vi chc nng
lm gim gn sng ca ngun trong cc ngun xoay chiu, hay trong cc mch lc
bi chc nng ca t ni mt cch n gin l t ngn mch (cho dng in i qua)
i vi dng in xoay chiu v h mch i vi dng in 1 chiu.
Trong mt s cc mch in n gin, n gin ha trong qu trnh tnh ton
hay thay th tng ng th chng ta thng thay th mt t in bng mt dy dn
khi c dng xoay chiu i qua hay tho t ra khi mch khi c dng mt chiu trong
mch. iu ny kh l cn thit khi thc hin tnh ton hay xc nh cc s mch
tng ng cho cc mch in t thng thng.
Hin nay, trn th gii c rt nhiu loi t in khc nhau nhng v c bn,
chng ta c th chia t in thnh hai loi: T c phn cc (c cc xc nh) v t
in khng phn cc (khng xc nh cc dng m c th).
c trng cho kh nng tch tr nng lng in ca t in, ngi ta a ra
khi nim l in dung ca t in. in dung cng cao th kh nng tch tr nng
lng ca t in cng ln v ngc li. Gi tr in dung c o bng n v Fara
(k hiu l F). Gi tr F l rt ln nn thng thng trong cc mch in t, cc gi tr
t ch o bng cc gi tr nh hn nh micro fara (F), nano Fara (nF) hay picro Fara
(pF).
1F = 106F = 109nF = 1012pF
1. T Ho
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K hiu t ho v hnh dng t ho

T ha l mt loi t c phn cc. Chnh v th khi s dng t ha yu cu ngi
s dng phi cm ng chn ca t in vi in p cung cp. Thng thng, cc loi
t ha thng c k hiu chn c th cho ngi s dng bng cc k hiu + hoc =
tng ng vi chn t.
C hai dng t ha thng thng l t ha c chn ti hai u tr trn ca t
(t c ghi 220F trn hnh a) v loi t ha c 2 chn ni ra cng 1 u tr trn (t c
ghi gi tr 10F trn hnh a). ng thi trn cc t ha, ngi ta thng ghi km gi
tr in p cc i m t c th chu c. Nu trng hp in p ln hn so vi gi
tr in p trn t th t s b phng hoc n t ty thuc vo gi tr in p cung cp.
Thng thng, khi chn cc loi t ha ny ngi ta thng chn cc loi t c gi tr
in p ln hn cc gi tr in p i qua t m bo t hot ng tt v m bo
tui th ca t ha.
Xanh da tri = 20V
Xm = 25V
Trng = 30V
Hng = 35V
2. T Khng Phn Cc :
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T thng
Cc loi t nh thng khng phn cc. Cc loi t ny thng chu c cc
in p cao m thng thng l khong 50V hay 250V. Cc loi t khng phn cc
ny c rt nhiu loi v c rt nhiu cc h thng chun c gi tr khc nhau.
Rt nhiu cc loi t c gi tr nh c ghi thng ra ngoi m khng cn c h
s nhn no, nhng cng c cc loi t c thm cc gi tr cho h s nhn. V d c
cc t ghi 0.1 c ngha gi tr ca n l 0,1F=100nF hay c cc t ghi l 4n7 th c
ngha gi tr ca t chnh l 4,7nF
3. Cc Loi T C Dng M:
T thng
M s thng c dng cho cc loi t c gi tr nh trong cc gi tr c
nh ngha ln lt nh sau:
- Gi tr th 1 l s hng chc
- Gi tr th 2 l s hng n v
- Gi tr th 3 l s s khng ni tip theo gi tr ca s to t gi tr 1 v 2. Gi
tr ca t c c theo chun l gi tr picro Fara (pF)
- Ch s i km sau cng l ch gi tr sai s ca t.
V d: T ghi gi tr 102 th c ngha l 10 v thm 2 s 0 ng sau = 1000pF = 1nF
ch khng phi 102pF
Hoc v d t 272J th c ngha l 2700pF=2,7nF v sai s l 5%
4. T in bin i
T in bin i thng c s dng trong cc mch iu chnh radio v chng
thng c gi l t xoay. Chng thng c cc gi tr rt nh, thng thng nm
trong khong t 100pF n 500pF.
SVTH: L THANH DUY
NGUYN NGC DNG
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K hiu v hnh dng ca t xoay

Rt nhiu cc t xoay c vng xoay ngn nn chng khng ph hp cho cc di
bin i rng nh l in tr hoc cc chuyn mch xoay. Chnh v th trong nhiu
ng dng, c bit l trong cc mch nh thi hay cc mch iu chnh thi gian th
ngi ta thng thay cc t xoay bng cc in tr xoay v kt hp vi 1 gi tr t
in xc nh.
DIODE
1. Gii thiu v Diode:
Diode l loi linh kin bn dn 2 cc c cu to da trn chuyn tip P-N.in cc
ni vi khi bn dn P gi l Anot, in cc ni vi khi bn dn N gi l Catot.Da
vo cc t tnh ca chuyn tip P-N ngi ta ch to :diode chnh lu, diode tch
sng,diode psht quang.
Cht bn dn P
L trng
SVTH: L THANH DUY
NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
cht bn dn N
in t
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Ni P-N gm hai min bn dn loi P v loi N tip xc nhau trong cng mt

tinh th. Trc khi tip xc hai min P-N u trng thi trung ho in. Khi tip xc
nhau hin tng khuych tn xy ra, theo in t cht bn dn N qua mt ni v
ti hp vi l trng, ngc li mt s l trng cht bn dn P qua mt ni v ti hp
vi in t. S khuych tn n mt lc th ngng li bi v in tch dng nay
khng cho l trng khuych tn qua mt ni vo cht bn dn N v in tch m nay
khng cho in t khuych tn qua mt ni vo cht bn dn P.
S phn b in tch hai bn mi ni to thnh mt in th gi l ro in th
v vng ny khng c ht dn in gi l vng him hay vng in tch khng
2. Phn loi:
Diode nn in:c ch s bt u l 1N. Trn thn c vng mu trng l Catot.
Diode tch sng c thn l thy tinh, trn thn diode c ch s bt u l 1N.
Trn thn c vng mu en l Catot.
ng dng ca Diode: chnh lu, tch sng
Cong dung cua diode: dung e nan dong xoay chieu thanh dong 1
chieu va e tch sng.
2.1 Diode chnh lu:
Cu to:
K hiu:
A(+)
Anod
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NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
K(-)
Catod
77
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t tuyn Volt_Ampere:
t tuyn Volt_Ampe l th biu din mi quan h gia dng in
chy qua Diode v hiu in th gia hai u Diode.
Hnh 2.1: t tuyn Volt_Ampere ca Diod

2.2 Diode Zenner:
Cu to cng gm chuyn tip P-N.
K hiu: A(-)
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NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
K(+)
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Anod
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
Catod
Diode Zenner c thn l thy tinh, trn thn c ghi s Volt lm vic ca Diode
Zenner.
ng dng ca Diode Zenner l to ra in p chun n nh ti hai chn AK.
.
in p n nh Vz
Dng in lm vic Iz v dng in lm vic ln nht cho php Iz max.
Cng sut tn hao Pz=Vz.Izmax.
in p ngang qua ti c c nh khi Vi hoc RL thay i.
Vi c nh, RL thay i .
RL c nh Vi thay i.
2.3.Diode bin dung :
a.Cu to:
Cng l diode ng dng tnh phn cc nghch ca ni P-N. in dung ca tip
gip P-N gim khi in p phn cc tng ln v in dung ny tng khi in p phn
cc nghch nh i.Ngi ta li dng c tnh ch to ra diode bin dung.
b.K hiu:
Anod
Catod
c.Cng dng:
c dng nh mt t in thay i trong cc mch cng hng.
2.4.Diode pht quang :(LED)
Diode pht quang l loi diode bn dn c kh nng bin i in nng sang quang
nng.
a.Cu to:
Nguyn t khi nhn c nng lng s phng thch in t, ngc li s ti hp
ca in t v l trng s pht sinh nng lng.
SVTH: L THANH DUY
NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
79
N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
b.K hiu:
c tuyn volt
=4
I(A)
Ampere
=3
=2
=1
=0
U(V)
c.Cng dng:
Led thng c dng trong cc mch hin th.Led c dng in lm vic t
10mA n 20mA, in p ri ngang qua Led khi dn in khong t 1,7V n
2,4V
3. Kim Tra:
3.3.1 Diode:
o hai ln: mt ln kim ch t Ohm v mt ln kim ch nhiu Ohm (khng ln):
Diode tt.
Nu c hai ln o Ohm k ch 0 : Diode b ni tt.
Nu c hai ln Ohm k ch
: Diode b t.
Lu : Do cu to bn trong ca ng h nn a s:
-
Que en v tr (-) c ni vi dng pin.
SVTH: L THANH DUY

NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
80
N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
Que v tr (+) c ni vi m pin.
Ta xc nh tn chn ca Diode cn c vo ln o kim ln t Ohm(Diode

phn cc thun ).
+ Chn que en l Anot.
+ Chn que l Catot.
3.3.2 Diode Zenner:

thang o Rx10K, o hai ln:
Mt ln kim ln nhiu (t Ohm)
L Diode Zenner
Mt ln kim ln t(nhiu Ohm)

Loi t 12V tr xung
TRANSISTOR LNG CC
( BJT: Bipolar Junction Transistor )
Cu to v k hiu:
Transistor gm hai mi ni P-N c chung mt cht bn dn Silicium. Cc cc ra
c ly t ba vng v c gi l cc nn (Base vit tt l B ), cc pht ( Emitter
vit tt l E ), cc thu (Collector vit tt l C).
1.Transistor PNP
Hai mi ni P-N c chung vng N to nn mt transistor PNP. Transistor PNP c
mui tn cc pht hng vo cc nn.
*K hiu:
SVTH: L THANH DUY

NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
81
N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
2.Transistor NPN:
Hai mi ni P-N c chung vng P to nn mt transistor NPN. Transistor NPN c
mui tn cc pht hng ra ngoi.
K hiu:
Ba cch mc mch Transistor:
1.Mc cc pht chung:( Common-Emitter vit tt l C-E )
15v
1k
18k
Cv
Uv= 10mVpp
3,6k
240
Ce
2.Mc cc nn chung:( Common-Base vit tt l C-B )
SVTH: L THANH DUY

NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
82
N MN THIT BI U CUI
6 V
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG

1
3 , 3 k
3 , 3 k
C v
C e
U v = 1 0 V p p
3 3 k
3.Mc cc thu chung:( Common-Collector vit tt l C-C )
1 5 v
4 . 7 k
C v
C e
U v =
1 V p p
5 . 6 k
1 k
1 0 k
Cc trng thi hot ng ca Transistor:

Transistor c ba trng thi hot ng :
-Trng thi ngng dn: cn gi l trng thi ngt dng. in th V BE < V
ca mi
ni BE tc l hai mi ni B-E v B-C u phn cc nghch.

-Trng thi khuych i : mi ni B-E phn cc thun v mi ni B-C phn cc
nghch.
SVTH: L THANH DUY
NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
83
N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
-Trng thi bo ho: c hai mt B-E v B-C u phn cc thun.
SVTH: L THANH DUY

NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
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N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
CHNG 6
THIT K V THI CNG
S KHI
ANTEN
KHI NGUN
SIM548C
KHI HIN THI

LCD
KHI VI X LY
NGUYN L HOT NG
Tn hiu thu c t cc my thu GPS l cc bn tin dn ng vi nhiu nh dng.
SIM 548C h tr 2 nh dng l SiRF v NMEA 0183. y ta s dng nh dng
NMEA 0183.
Trong NMEA 0183 thu c, ta thu c cc bn tin $GPGGA, $GPGSA, $GPGSV,
$GPRMC, $GPVTG.
$GPRMC l bn tin y thng tin nht nn ta s dng bn tin ny x l.
Da vo ch R hn bit bn tin $GPRMC:
Thng tin ta tach bng cach: m s du phy trong bn tin $GPRMC thu c,
tch ly cc thng s kinh , v cn thit.
Hin th thng tin thu c ln LCD.
SVTH: L THANH DUY

NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
85
N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
S NGUYN L
1 N 4 0 0 1
4 0 0 1
T 1
3 . 3 V
1 5 S
1
0 4
J 3
2
1
C
2
A 4T
A 6T
5 4 8 C
A 8T
A 1T 0
V C H 1G 2
V C H 1G 4
T E M P - B1 A6 T
E N CN EE T L I G 1 H8 T
B U Z Z E2 0R
S T A T U 2 2S
G P I O 2- 14
D I S P - C2 6 S
D I S P - C 2 L8 K
D I S P - D 3 A0 T
D I S P - D 3 /2 C
D I S P - R 3 S4 T
G P I O 3- 06
D B G - R 3 X8 D
D B G - T 4X 0D
A G N 4D 2
M I C 1 4P 4
M I C 1 4N 6
M I C 2 4P 8
M I C 2 5N 0
S TG P S _ B O O 5 T2 S
G P S _ T I M E 5 M4 A
G P S _ W
A 5K 6 E U
G P S _ V C C5 8 _ R
G P S _ V A6 0N T
C
G P S _ V C C
V
V
V
V
I M
0
K
P
V
R
D
C
Y
R E S
D D
S T
A T A
L K
D
1
1
2
2
_
_
_
_
_
_
P
N
P
N
M - R
T X A
R X A
T X B
R X B
V R T
B
B
B
B
N
B
S
E T L I G H
U Z Z E R
T A T U S
J
L
7
C
D
L C D
+ 5 V
1 6 M 0 2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
G N D
G N D
G N D
G N D
V R T C
1 1 A D C
1 3 V R T
R
1 5 P W
S I M _ V D 1D7 S I M S I M _ R S 1T9 S I M S1 I M _ D A 2T 1A S I M S I M _ C L 2K 3 S I M 2 5 S I M 2 7 D C D
2 9 D T R
3 1 R X D
3 3 T X D
3 5 R T S
3 7 C T S
3 9 R I
4 1 A G N
4 3 S P K
4 5 S P K
4 7 S P K
4 9 S P K
G P S _ T X5A1 G P S
5 3 G P S
5 5 G P S
5 7 G P S
5 9 G P S
G P S
E
R
L
P
F
2 3
+ 5 V
D B 4
D B 5
D B 6
D B 7
9
1 N
b a
1
3
5
7
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 0
R S
R W
E
1 0 k
+ 3 . 3 V
+ 5 V
T 2
P
i n
+ 5 V
M O D U L E - S I M 5 4 8 C
3 V
R 1 8
1 0 K
R
1 0 u
J
Q
1 B
2 T I P
4 1
6 2
3 2 2 / 1 W
1 4 7 0
1 7 / D
I N
O
D
I O
I D
E
+ C
2 A
9
1 0 0
0 u F
7 8 0 5 C
G N D
2 L M
I N
/ 3
5 V
+ 3
+ C
3
V
L M
I N
1 2
G
C
2 2 2 2 p F
Y 1
8 M H
4 1 K
8 1 0 u F
5 2 . 2 K
2 3 2 2 p F
1
1
3
3
z
4
2
1
L R
R
R
R
R
R
R
A
A
A
A
A
A
0
1
2
3
4
5
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 / C
I N
2 / C
V
V
S
S
/
/
/
/
/
/
* / V
A N 0
A N 1
A N 2
A N 3
T 0 C
A N 4
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
R
/ V R E F
/ V R E F
K I / C 1 RO
/ S S * / RC
B
- /
+
BU
B2
T 1 O S O / T R 1 CD
T 1 O S I / C CR PD
C C P 1
R D
S C K / S C LR D
S D I / S D A R D
S D O
R D
T X / C K
R D
R X / D T
R D
R
R
R
U
R
R
3
RC
R
6
O7
3
0 / I N3
B 13
B 23
/ P 3G
BV 4R3
B 53
T / P 4G
/ UP TG
K0
21
2
3
4
5
6
7
V
V
1 6 F
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
1
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S3
S
R
R
E
B
D
FD
D
D
9
P0
P1
P2
P7
P8
P9
P0
P
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
D *9 / A N
R *1 / 0A N
S * / A N
E 0 / R
E 1 / W
E 2 / C
T
S
S
I C
/I
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
3
4T
5
6
7M
8E
9
0C
D
D
D
1
D 3
D
R 2 3
C 1 C 2 C 3
2 2 0 / 1 W
4 7 0 u4 F7 0 u1 F0
A C
B 4
B 5
B 6
B 7
1 0
0 0 0 u F
1 3
C
1
b a t
1 1
1/ 3 0 5 0 Vn F
3 3 0
1 4
2
P
0 0 n F
KHI VI X L VA HIN THI

D
1 6
1 5
1 4
1 3
1 2
1 1
1 0
+ 5 V
D B 7
D B 6
D B 5
D B 4
R S
+ 5 V
R W
2 3
1 0 k
16M02
1
R
LCD
J 7
L C
+ 5 V
+ 5 V
B A C
K / L I G
R 1 8
1 0 K
P V N
R
S W
1 0 u F
E S E T
2
3
4
5
6
7
2 1
R
E S E T
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
J 2
2
1
G
C
2 2
P S _ T X A
2 2 p F
5
6
7
8
3
4
5
6
1 3
2
Y 1
8 M H
2 3
L R
* / V P P
R
R
R
R
R
R
A
A
A
A
A
A
0
1
2
3
4
5
/
/
/
/
/
/
A
A
A
A
T
A
N 0
N 1
N 2
N 3
0 C
N 4
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
T
T
C
S
S
S
T
R
1 O S O / T 1 C K I
1 O S I / C C P 2
C P 1
C K / S C L
D I / S D A
D O
X / C K
X / D T
S C
1 / C
L K I N
S C
2 / C
L K O
R
/
/
K
/
V
V
I
S
R E F - / C V R E F
R E F +
/ C 1 O U T
R
S * / C 2 O U T
R
2 2 p F
1 2
3 1
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
I N
B
B
G
B
B
G
G
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
T
1
2
M
4
5
C
D
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5
6
7
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
9
0
1
2
7
8
9
0
R S
R W
E
B A
D B
D B
D B
D B
C
4
5
6
7
K / L I G
8
9
1 0
V S S
V S S
V D
V D
P I C
SVTH: L THANH DUY

NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
B 0 /
R
R
B 3 / P
R
R
B 6 / P
B 7 / P
R E 0 / R D * / A N
R E 1 / W R * / A N
R E 2 / C S * / A N
z
1 4
D
D
1 1
3 2
I G
+ 5 V
8 7 7 A
7 u F
/ L
5
6
. 3 V
R
+ C
1
2
0 n1 F0 0 n1 F0 0 n1 F0 0 n1 F0 0 n
/ L I G
S
W
+ 5 V
2
T
1 0 u F
5
6
7
8
3
4
5
6A
1 1 7
G N D
U
3
+ 5 V
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
_ T 2X
+ C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
/ T O
1T
2
T
+
O
P O W E R
2
1
C
8
2
1
A
D
2 1
4 . 7 K
U
F C
+ 5 V
1 6 F 8 7 7 A
86
N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
MODULE SIM548C
V
D
1 N 4 0 0 1
4 0 0 1
1 N
1 0
T 1
3 . 3 V
1 5
1 0 4
S
S
1S
S
I
I
I
I
T C
M
M
M
M
_
_
_
_
V
R
D
C
1
1
1
1
1
A2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
D D
S T
A T
L K
J 3
G
2
1
C
_ T X A
1
3
5
7
9
1
3
5
7
9
1
3
5
7
9
1
3
5
7
9
1
3
5
7
9
1
3
5
7
9
2
N D
V B A T 4
N D
V B A T 6
S I M 5 4 8 C
N D
V B A T 8
N D
V B A T 1 0
D C 0
V C H G 1 2
R T C
V C H G 1 4
W
R K E Y
T E M P - B A 1 T6
I M - P R E S E N C E
N E T L I G H 1 T8
I M - V D D
B U Z Z E R2 0
I M - R S T
S T A T U S2 2
I M - D A T A
G P I O - 12 4
I M - C L K
D I S P - C 2S 6
C D
D I S P - C L 2K 8
T R
D I S P - D A 3 T0
X D
D I S P - D / 3C 2
X D
D I S P - R S 3 T4
T S
G P I O - 03 6
T S
D B G - R X 3D 8
I
D B G - T X D4 0
G N D
A G N D 4 2
P K 1 P
M I C 1 P 4 4
P K 1 N
M I C 1 N 4 6
P K 2 P
M I C 2 P 4 8
P K 2 N
M I C 2 N 5 0
P S _ M - R S T
G P S _ B O O T S5 2E L
P S _ T X A
G P S _ T I M E M A5 R4 K
P S _ R X A
G P S _ W
A K E 5 U6 P
P S _ T X B
G P S _ V C C _ 5R 8 F
P S _ R X B
G P S _ V A N 6 T0
P S _ V R T C
G P S _ V C C
G
G
G
G
A
V
P
S
S
S
S
S
D
D
R
T
R
C
R
A
S
S
S
S
G
G
G
G
G
G
T 2
P
in
b a t
3 V
N
B
S
E T L I G H
U Z Z E R
T A T U S
+ 3 . 3 V
M O D U L E - S I M 5 4 8 C
KHI NGUN
12V ac cung cp cho 2 IC n p LM7805 to ra ngun nui 5V cho vi iu khin
v LM317 to ra ngun 4V cho module sim548c.
Khi ngun 3.3v
AMS1117 l mt ic n p,dng cp ngun cho
Q
5 6 2
J A
4 7 0
2 2 / 1 W
1
3
L M
V
3 1 7 / D
I N
I D
D
U
2
1
A
B
4 1 C
4 . 7 K
J 4
1
2
3
T I P
1 0 u F
2 . 2 K
1 K
V b a t
R 2 3
2 2 0 / 1 W
4 7 0 u F4 7 0 u F1 0 0 n F1 0 0 n F1 0 0 n F1 0 0 n F1 0 0 n F
+ 5 V
+ C
1 2
1 0 u F
3
V
A
I N
1 1 1 7
U
3
L M
I N
7 8 0 5 C
O
/ T O
3
T
R
+ C
1 0
1 0 0 0 u F
/ 3 5 V
G N D
1 0 0 0 u F
+ 5 V
2
1
G N D
U
+ C
3 3 0
1 1
3
P
/ 3 5 1V0 0 n F
L E
L E
3 . 3 v
2
3 3 0
D
+ C
1 3
4 7 u F
1 4
2
P
1 0 0 n F
COD
SVTH: L THANH DUY

NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
87
N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
CODE CHNG TRNH

#include <16f877a.h>
#fuses nowdt,noprotect,nolvp,xt,put
#use delay(clock=4000000)
#use rs232(baud=9600,parity=N,xmit=PIN_C6,rcv=PIN_C7,bits=8)
#include "lcd_lib_4bit.c"
#use fast_io(a)
#use fast_io(b)
#byte portb = 0x06

#byte porta = 0x05
#bit sw1 =porta.0

#bit sw2 =porta.1
#bit sw3 =porta.2
#bit sw4 =porta.3
void ten_thanh_vien();
void thoi_gian();
void kinh_vi();
unsigned char a,b,c,d,k,m,l,x;
int i;
void main()
{
set_tris_a (0b11111);
set_tris_b (0b00000000);
LCD_Init();
while(1)
{
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NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
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N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
if (sw1==0)
{
LCD_Set(0,01);
ten_thanh_vien();
break;
}
if (sw2==0)
{
lcd_Set(0x01);
thoi_gian();
break;
}
if (sw3==0)
lcd_Set(0x01);
kinh_vi();
break;
}
if(sw1==1||sw2==1||sw3==1)
{
break;
}
}
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void thoi_gian()
{
while(1)
SVTH: L THANH DUY
NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
89
N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
{
a=getchar();
if(a=='R')
{
lcd_Set(0x80);//dua con tro ve toa do (0.0)
d=0;
// dem so dau phay
k=0;
// dem so ki tu
m=0;
// dem so ki tu
for(i=0;i<40;i++)
{
b=getchar();
if(b==',')
{
d=d+1;
/***********Thong tin thoi gian ************************/
if((d==1)&&(b==','))
{
PRINTF(LCD_PUTChar,"Time");
if((d==1)&&(b!=',')&&(k<6))
{
k=k+1;
lcd_putchar(b);
if(k==2)
{
PRINTF(LCD_PUTChar,"h");
}
if(k==4)
{
PRINTF(LCD_PUTChar,"p"));
SVTH: L THANH DUY
NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
90
N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
}
/********Thong tin ngay thang nam ***********************/
if(d==2)
{
if((d==9)&&(b==','))
{
lcd_Set(0xc0);
PRINTF(LCD_PUTChar,"date");
}
if((d==9)&&(b!=','))
{
m=m+1;
lcd_putchar(b);
if(m==2)
{
PRINTF(LCD_PUTChar,"/");
}
if(m==4)
{
PRINTF(LCD_PUTChar,"/20");
}
}
}
break;
}
}
}
}
}
SVTH: L THANH DUY
NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
91
N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
void kinh_vi ()
{
while(1)
{
a=getchar();
if(a=='R')
{
lcd_Set(0x80);
d=0; // dem so dau phay
k=0; // dem so ki tu
l=0; // dem so ki tu
for(i=0;i<20;i++)
{
b=getchar();
if(b==',')
{
d=d+1;
/********THONG TIN VI DO************/
if((d==3)&&(b==','))
{
PRINTF(LCD_PUTChar,"VD");
}
if((d==3)&&(b!=','))
{
k=k+1;
lcd_putchar(b);
if(k==3)
{
PRINTF(LCD_PUTChar,(0xdf); //hien thi ki hieu do
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}
if((d==4)&&(b==','))
{
PRINTF(LCD_PUTChar,(0x27); //hien thi dau phut
}
// **********hien thi chu "N" hoac "S"***********/
if ((d==4)&&(b!=','))
{
lcd_gotoxy(15,0);
lcd_putchar(b);
}
/*************THONG TIN KINH DO************************/
if((b=='N')|(b=='S'))
{
lcd_gotoxy(0xc0);
PRINTF(LCD_PUTChar,"KD");
}
if((d==5)&&(b!=','))
{
l=l+1;
lcd_putchar(b);
if(l==3)
{
PRINTF(LCD_PUTChar,(0xdf); // hien thi ki hieu do
}
}
}
break;
}
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}
}
}
}
}
}
LU GII THUT
TNG KT
GPS c s dng ngy cng nhiu v nhng tin ch m n mang li. Tuy nhin,
khai thc c nhng tin ch ny th ngi s dng phi tm hiu v h thng nh
v GPS. H thng GPS khng phi l hon ho, lun c nhng li nhng sai lch khi
nh v nn hiu r h thng GPS s gip ta hn ch nhng li gp phi v ty trng
hp s dng h thng sao cho tin ch nht trong cuc sng.
Trong thi gian lm n chung em tm hiu v h thng GPS, i su v
cu to ca GPS, vao cac mach nguyn ly, s cu tao, tt ca cac linh kin,..
Vit Nam th vic ng dng ca h thng GPS cha thc s rng ln nh cc
nc pht trin trn th gii. Nhng vic s dng h thng GPS bt u c nhng
bc pht trin mnh m trong nhng nm gn y. Cc t i mi, cc tu thuyn
u c trang b h thng GPS.
Trong tng lai, khi h thng GALILEO c a vo s dng th chnh xc
ca cc my nh v cn c nng ln na. Cng vi s kt hp GALILEO v GPS
th h s mang li tin ch rt ln trong dn ng ng ngha, khai thc m a
cht.
SVTH: L THANH DUY

NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
94
N MN THIT BI U CUI
GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG
TI LIU THAM KHO

CC WEBSITE:
http://translate.googleusercontent.com
http://images.elektroda.net
www.edaboard.com
http://www.edaboard.com/thread205422.html
http://spkt.net
http://translate.google.com.vn
www.datasheet4u.com
www.dientu.net
www.microchip.com
www.picvietnam.net
www.svspkt.org
www.simcom.com
www.tailieu.vn
SVTH: L THANH DUY

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MUC LUC
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN.......................................................................1
LI NI U...........................................................................................................................2
LI CM N............................................................................................................................3
CHNG 1................................................................................................................................4
TNG QUAN V H THNG NH V TON CU GPS..................................................4
1.1 Tng quan v GPS............................................................................................................4
1.2 Cc u im v thnh phn ca GPS .............................................................................6
GPS pht trin nh sau
H thng nh v ton cu ca M l h dn ng da trn mt mng li 24 qu v tinh
c B Quc phng Hoa K t trn qu o khng gian.Cc h thng dn ng truyn
thng hot ng da trn cc trm pht tn hiu v tuyn in. c bit n nhiu nht l
cc h thng sau: LORAN (LOng RAnge Navigation) hot ng gii tn 90-100 kHz
ch yu dng cho hng hi, hay TACAN (TACtical Air Navigation) dng cho qun i
M v bin th vi chnh xc thp VOR/DME VHF (Omnidirectional Range/Distance
Measuring Equipment) dng cho hng khng dn dng.
Ban u, GPS v GLONASS u c pht trin cho mc ch qun s, nn mc d chng
dng c cho dn s nhng khng h no a ra s m bo tn ti lin tc v chnh
xc. V th chng khng tha mn c nhng yu cu an ton cho dn ng dn s hng
khng v hng hi, c bit l ti nhng vng v ti nhng thi im c hot ng qun s
ca nhng quc gia s hu cc h thng . Ch c h thng dn ng v tinh chu u
Galileo (ang c xy dng) ngay t u t mc tiu p ng cc yu cu nghim
ngt ca dn ng v nh v dn s....................................................................................7
VI IU KHIN PIC 16F877A..............................................................................................10
2. 1. Gii thiu v vi iu khin PIC16F87A.......................................................................10
2.1.1. Kin trc Pic.......................................................................................................10
2.2. S khi v chc nng cc chn PIC16F877A..........................................................15
2. 2.1 S khi ............................................................................................................15
2. 2.2. S chn PIC16F877A......................................................................................16
2. 2.3 Chc nng cc chn ...............................................................................................16
2. 3. T chc b nh............................................................................................................18
2. 3.1 B nh EEPROM .................................................................................................19
2. 3.2 B nh d liu.......................................................................................................19
2. 3.3 B nh chng trnh...............................................................................................21
2. 4. Cc cng xut nhp......................................................................................................21
2. 4.1 Port A................................................................................................................22
2. 4.2 Port B.................................................................................................................22
2. 4.3 Port C.................................................................................................................23
2. 4.4 Port D.................................................................................................................23
2. 4.5 Port E...................................................................................................................23
2. 5.Cc b nh thi ...........................................................................................................23
2. 5.1 Timer 0.............................................................................................................23
2. 5.2 Timer 1..........................................................................................................25
2. 5.3 Timer 2.............................................................................................................25
2. 6. ADC........................................................................................................................26
2. 7. Ngt..............................................................................................................................27
CHNG 3..............................................................................................................................31
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Module SIM548C.....................................................................................................................31
3. 1. Module SIM548C v cc thit b i km.....................................................................31
3.2. Phn cng module SIM548C........................................................................................37
3. 3.Tt ng dng GSM ca module SIM548C...................................................................43
3.3.1. Truyn thng ni tip.............................................................................................45
Kt ni vi SIM card........................................................................................................46
..........................................................................................................................................46
3.3.2. Trng thi ca chn STATUS................................................................................47
3. 3. 3. Phn cng ng dng GPS ca module SIM548C................................................48
3. 3. 4. Chi tit cc chn dng cho ng dng GPS...........................................................48
3. 3. 5. Bt ng dng GPS................................................................................................49
3. 3. 6. Mch kt ni cho chn VRTC..............................................................................49
3. 3. 7. Mch kt ni cho chn RESET............................................................................50
3. 3. 8. Chun giao tip ni tip ca ng dng GPS.......................................................50
3.4. ng dng GPS ca module SIM548C..........................................................................51
3.4.1. GPS H thng nh v ton cu .............................................................................51
3. 4. 2. K thut DGPS.....................................................................................................52
CHNG 4..............................................................................................................................60
LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)...................................................................................60
4. 1. GII THIU CHUNG V LCD.................................................................................60
4.2. TN VA CHC NNG CAC CHN...........................................................................61
4.3. CAC THANH GHI .......................................................................................................62
4.4. CAC TP LNH CUA LCD........................................................................................64
4.5. CAC CHN IU KHIN LCD.................................................................................66
CHNG 5..............................................................................................................................70
CC LINH KIN KHC........................................................................................................70
IN TR...........................................................................................................................70
DIODE.................................................................................................................................76
TRANSISTOR LNG CC.............................................................................................81
CHNG 6..............................................................................................................................85
S KHI.......................................................................................................................85
NGUYN L HOT NG..............................................................................................85
S NGUYN L..........................................................................................................86
..............................................................................................................................................86
KHI VI X L VA HIN THI.........................................................................................86
MODULE SIM548C............................................................................................................87
KHI NGUN....................................................................................................................87
TNG KT..........................................................................................................................94
TI LIU THAM KHO........................................................................................................95
MUC LUC................................................................................................................................96
SVTH: L THANH DUY

NGUYN NGC DNG
KIU LINH TUN
97

Hoan Chinh

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N MN THIT BI U CUI

GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

GIO VIN HNG DN

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GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG

Trng C K THUT CAO THNG l ngi trng m em an theo hc, ni

TP.HCM, thng 12 nm 2011

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V tinh qu o thp: L v tinh m c thi gian chuyn ng mt vng trn

Trn danh ngha, GPS bao gm mt chm 24 qu v tinh. Chm v tinh ny gi

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Qu o v tinh GPS l qu o gn nh trn (Dng elip c lch chun 0.01)

GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG

Hnh cc thnh phn ca GPS

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ng truyn thng hot ng da trn cc trm pht tn hiu v tuyn in. c

GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG

khong t 9/1989 n 10/1997. Trong s ny c 23 v tinh ang hot ng. Khc vi

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GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG

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GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG

y l vi iu khin thuc h PIC16Fxxx vi tp lnh gm 35 lnh c di

GVHD: NGUYN NGC TNG

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2.2. S khi v chc nng cc chn PIC16F877A

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2. 2.2. S chn PIC16F877A

2. 2.3 Chc nng cc chn

Dao ng tinh th li vo dao ng ngoi

Dao ng tinh th hoc li ra xung nhp

p chun V-ref ca ADC. Li ra Vref so

Vo/ra s cc mng ng. Li vo xung

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Vo/ra s. li vo chn SOI. Li vo

Vo/ra s. Li vo ngt ngoi.

Vo/ra s. Np trnh LVP

Vo/ra s. Xung nhp np trnh ICSP

Vo/ra s. D np trnh ICSP

Vo/ra s. To dao ng timer. Xung nhp

Vo/ra s. To timer1. Li vo Capture.

Vo/ra s. Li vo Vo/ra s Capture1.

Vo/ra s. Nhp ng b choSPI v I2C

Vo/ra s. Vo d liu SPI. Vo/ra d liu

Vo/ra s. Ra d liu SPI

Vo/ra s. Cng truyn thng khng ng

Vo/ra s. Cng nhn khng ng b. D

Vo/ra s. Cng song song t

Vo/ra s. Cng song song t

Vo/ra s. Cng song song t