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B Gio dc v o to
---------------

K thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng nm 2002

chnh thc

Mn thi: Ho hc
( Thi gian lm bi : 180 pht )

Cu I: (H: 2 im; C : 2,5 im)

1. Cho l st kim loi vo:
a) Dung dch H2SO4 long
b) Dung dch H2SO4 long c mt lng nh CuSO4
Nu hin tng xy ra, gii thch v vit cc phng trnh phn ng trong mi trng hp.
2. Trnh by phng php tch:
a) Fe2O3 ra khi hn hp Fe2O3, Al2O3, SiO2 dng bt
b) Ag ra khi hn hp Ag, Cu, Fe dng bt
Vi mi trng hp ch dng duy nht mt dung dch cha mt ha cht v lng oxit hoc kim loi cn
tch vn gi nguyn khi lng ban u. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v ghi r iu kin.
Cu II: (H: 1 im; C: 1,5 im )
Hn hp A gm BaO, FeO, Al2O3. Ha tan A trong lng d nc, c dung dch D v phn khng tan
B. Sc kh CO2 d vo D, phn ng to kt ta. Cho kh CO d qua B nung nng c cht rn E. Cho E tc dng
vi dung dch NaOH d, thy tan mt phn cn li cht rn G. Ha tan ht G trong lng d dung dch H2SO4
long ri cho dung dch thu c tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra (Bit
trong mi trng axit, MnO4 b kh thnh Mn2+).
Cu III: ( H: 1,5 im ; C: 1,5 im)
Hp cht hu c A1 mch h, khng phn nhnh v ch cha mt loi nhm chc, c cng thc phn t
C8H14O4. Cho A1 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c mt ru duy nht l CH3OH v mt mui natri ca
axit hu c B1.
1. Vit cng thc cu to ca A1. Gi tn A1 v axit B1. Vit phng trnh phn ng.
2. Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch t nilon-6,6 t B1 v mt cht hu c thch hp.
3. Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch nha phenolfomanehit c cu to mch thng t ru metylic, mt
cht hu c thch hp v cc cht v c cn thit. Ghi r iu kin phn ng.
Cu IV: (H: 1,5 im ; C: 2 im)
1. X v Y l hai hidrocacbon c cng cng thc phn t l C5H8. X l monome dng trng hp thnh cao
su isopren; Y c mch cacbon phn nhnh v to kt ta khi cho phn ng vi dung dch NH3 c Ag2O. Hy cho
bit cng thc cu to ca X v Y. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
2. T X, xenluloz, cc cht v c, xc tc cn thit, c th iu ch cht hu c M theo s phn ng sau:
men ru
men gim
H 2O
D2
D3
Xenluloz
D1
+ o
H2SO4, to
H ,t
M
H2
HCl
NaOH, to
D5
D6
X
D4
(t l mol 1: 1)
Ni, to
Cho bit D4 l mt trong cc sn phm ca phn ng cng HCl vo cc nguyn t cacbon v tr 1,4 ca X; D6 l
3-metylbutanol-1. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca cc cht hu c D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, M v vit cc phng
trnh phn ng ha hc xy ra.
Cu V: ( H: 2 im )
Cho 18,5 gam hn hp Z gm Fe, Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long un nng v khuy
u. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc), dung dch Z1 v cn li 1,46
gam kim loi.
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
2. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO3.
3. Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch Z1.
Cu VI: ( H: 2 im ; C: 2,5 im)
Hn hp A gm mt axit no n chc v hai axit khng no n chc cha mt lin kt i, k tip nhau
trong dy ng ng. Cho A tc dng hon ton vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 2 M. trung ha va ht lng
NaOH d cn thm vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 1 M, c dung dch D. C cn cn thn D c 22,89 gam cht
rn khan. Mt khc t chy hon ton A ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng lng d
dung dch NaOH c, khi lng bnh tng thm 26,72 gam. Xc nh cng thc cu to c th c ca tng axit
v tnh khi lng ca chng trong hn hp A.
Cho H=1; C=12; O=16; N=14; Na=23; Cl = 35,5; Fe=56.
Ghi ch : Th sinh ch thi cao ng khng lm cu V
-------------- Ht --------------Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm
H v tn th sinh :
S bo danh :

k thi tuyn SINH i hc, cao ng nm 2002

p n v thang im chnh thc i Hc
Mn thi : Ho hc - Khi A

B Gio dc v o to

------------------

Thang im
n 0.125
n 0.25

p n

Cu I . (2 im)
1. (1 im)
a)
Lc u xut hin bt kh thot ra t l st, st tan dn. Sau kh thot ra
chm dn, do bt kh bm trn b mt l st ngn s tip xc ca st vi dung 0,25
dch H2SO4.
0,25
Fe + H SO = FeSO + H
2

0,25
0,25

b)
- Lc u b mt l st c kim loi mu bm vo, sau kh thot ra
0,125
nhanh hn, st b ho tan nhanh do c s n mn in ho
Fe + CuSO4 =

FeSO4 + Cu

0,25

0,125

- Trong dung dch H2SO4, l st kim loi l cc m, kim loi ng l cc 0,25

dng. Ti cc m, st kim loi b oxi ho : Fe -2e -> Fe2+. Ti cc dng, ion
H+ b kh : 2H+ +2e -> H2

0,25

2. (1 im)

a)
Cho hn hp tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c, nng. Fe2O3 khng tan,
lc, tch ta c Fe2O3 . Al2O3 v SiO2 tan do phn ng:
Al2O3 + 2 NaOH = 2NaAlO2 + H2O
SiO2 + 2NaOH = Na2SiO3 + H2O

0,25

0,25

0,125
0,125

0,25

(Nu th sinh khng ni NaOH c nng nhng trong phng trnh phn
ng c ghi c, t0 vn c s im)
b)
Cho hn hp tc dng vi dung dch mui st (III) d nh FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3
..., Ag khng phn ng, lc tch c bc. Kim loi ng v st tan do
phn ng:
Cu + 2FeCl3 = 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
Fe + 2FeCl3 = 3FeCl2

0,125

0,125

0,125
0,125

0,25
0,25

p n

Thang im
n 0.125
n 0.25

Cu II (1 im)
- Ho tan hn hp A vo lng d nc c cc phn ng:
BaO
+ H2O = Ba(OH)2
Ba(OH)2 + Al2O3 = Ba(AlO2)2 + H2O
Dung dch D l Ba(AlO2)2

0,125
0,125

0,25

Phn khng tan B: FeO v Al2O3 cn d (Do E tan mt phn trong dd NaOH).
-

Sc kh CO2 d vo D:

Ba(AlO2)2 + 2CO2 + 4H2O = 2Al(OH)3 + Ba(HCO3)2

-

0,125

Cho kh CO d qua B nung nng c phn ng sau:

FeO + CO = Fe + CO2

0,125

0,25

Cht rn E: Fe v Al2O3
-

Cho E tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d:

Al2O3 + 2NaOH = 2NaAlO2 + H2O

0,125

Cht rn G: Fe.
- Cho G tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4
Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4+ H2

0,125

0,25

v dung dch thu c tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4

2KMnO4 + 10FeSO4+ 8H2SO4 = 2MnSO4+ 5Fe2(SO 4)3 + K2SO 4+ 8H2O

0,25

0,25

Thang im
n 0.125
n 0.25

p n

Cu III 1,5 im
1.A1 :

CH3OOC - (CH2)4 - COOCH3

imetyl aipat (imetyl hexanioat)

B1:

HOOC- (CH2)4 - COOH

Axit aipic (axit hexanioic)
tO
CH3OOC - (CH2)4 - COOCH3 + 2NaOH
2 CH3OH + NaOOC - (CH2)4 - COONa

0,125
0,125

0,125
0,125

0,25

0,25
0,25

0,25

(Nu th sinh khng vit cng thc cu to ca A1 v B1 nhng vit phng trnh
phn ng dng cng thc cu to ng nh trn th vn cho im cng thc
cu to ca A1 v B1 )
2. Phng trnh iu ch t nilon:
to
n HOOC - (CH2)4 - COOH + n H - NH - (CH2)6- NH - H

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

(- CO -(CH2)4 - CO - NH- (CH2)6 - NH-)n + 2nH2O

3. iu ch nha phenolfomanehit
t0
CH3OH + CuO

HCHO + H2O + Cu

Hoc

OH
n

+ nHCHO

H +,t 0

OH

_
CH2

+ nH2O

_ n

Thang im
n 0.125
n 0.25

p n

Cu IV: (1,5 im)

1.

CH2=C-CH=CH2

X:

hoc

CH2 = C(CH3) - CH = CH2

hoc

CH3-CH(CH3)-C CH

0,125

CH3
CH 3-CH-C

Y:

CH

0,125

0,25

CH 3

xt, t o

n CH 2=C-CH=CH2
CH3

( CH2-C=CH-CH2 )n

0,125

0,125

0,25

0,25

0,25

CH3

Hoc:
n CH2 = C(CH3) - CH = CH2

t , xt
(- CH2 - C(CH3) = CH - CH2-)n

NH 3
2 CH3-CH(CH3)-C CAg + H2O
CH3-CH(CH3)-C CH + Ag2O

2.
H
( C6H10O5)n + nH2O
n C6H12O6

men ru

C6H12O6
C2H5OH

0,125

2C2H5OH + 2CO2

O2

CH2=C-CH=CH2 + HCl
CH3
CH3-C=CH-CH2Cl + NaOH
CH3
CH3-C=CH-CH2OH + H2

men gim

to
Ni, t o

CH3COOH + H2O

CH3-C=CH-CH2Cl
CH3
CH3-C=CH-CH2OH + NaCl
CH3
CH3-CH-CH2-CH2OH

CH3
H2SO4 CH3
CH3COOCH2-CH2-CH-CH3 + H2O
CH3COOH + CH3-CH-CH2-CH2OH
CH3
CH3
D1 : HOCH2-(CHOH)4-CH=O;
D4 : CH3

C CH CH2
CH3

Cl

D2 : CH3-CH2OH ;

D5 : CH3-C=CH-CH2
CH3 OH

0,125
0,125
0,125
0,125
0,125

0,25
0,25

0,25

D3 : CH3 - COOH

D6 : CH3-CH-CH2-CH2
OH
CH3

(Nu th sinh ch vit c cc cng thc cu to D1..D6 m khng vit c phng

trnh phn ng th c 0,25 im.)

Thang im
n 0.125
n 0.25

p n

Cu V: (2 im)
Gi s mol Fe tham gia phn ng vi HNO3 (1) l x, s mol Fe3O4 tham gia
phn ng vi HNO3 (2) l y.

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

CM ( HNO3 ) =

0,25

0,25

mFe ( NO3 ) 2

0,25

0,25

0,75

0,75

0,25

0,25

0,25
0,25
0,25

0,25
0,25
0,25

0,25

0,25

Fe
x

4 HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2 H2O

4x
x
x

3 Fe3O4
y

+ 28 HNO3

= 9Fe(NO3)3
3y

28. y
3

2 Fe(NO3)3

x + 3y

+ Fe

x + 3y
2

+ NO + 14 H2O

y
3

(1)

(2)

3Fe(NO3)2

(3)

3( x + 3 y )
2

Phn ng xy ra hon ton v sau cng cn d kim loi nn HNO3 phn ng

ht. Do xy ra phn ng (3) nn dung dch Z1 l dung dch Fe(NO3)2.

S mol Fe phn ng (3) l

x + 3y
2

Theo (1), (2) v u bi ta c : n NO = x +

y
= 0,1
3

(I)

x + 3y

56 x +
+ 232 y = 18,5 1,46 = 17,04
2

Gii h phng trnh (I),(II) ta c

nHNO3 = 4 x +

(II)

x= 0,09 , y= 0,03

28 y
28.0,03
= 4.0,09 +
= 0,64 mol
3
3

0,64.1000
= 3,2 M
200
3.(0,09 + 3.0,03).180
=
= 48,6 g
2

Cch 2:
Ba p.. (1, 2, 3) nh trn
t x, y l s mol Fe v Fe3O4 phn ng. Ta c h phng trnh:
56x + 232y = 18,5 - 1,46 = 17,04 (a)
2x + y = 0,1 . 3 + 3y
2x - 2y = 0,3
(b)
T (a), (b) => x = 0,18 mol Fe ; y = 0,03 mol Fe3O4
m Fe(NO3)2 = (0,18 + 0,03 . 3) 180 = 48,6 (g)
n HNO3 p. = (0,18 + 0,03 . 3)2 + 0,1 = 0,64
CM HNO3 = 0,64/0,2 = 3,2 M

Thang im
n 0.125
n 0.25

p n

Cu VI: 2 im
Cch 1
Gi cng thc ca 3 axt l: CnH2n+1COOH, CmH2m- 1COOH, Cm+1H2m+1COOH
vi s mol tng ng l x, y, z . Phn ng vi dung dch NaOH v t chy:
CnH2n+1COOH + NaOH

CmH2m- 1COOH + NaOH

y

CmH2m-1COONa + H2O

Cm+1H2m+1COONa + H2O

CnH2n+1COOH +

(n+1)CO2 + (n+1) H2O

(n+1)x
3m
O2
2

(m+1)y
3m + 3
O2
2

0,125

0,25

0,125

0,25

0,25

0,25

my

(m+2)CO2 + (m+1) H2O

(m+2)z

0, 125

0,25

(n+1)x

(m+1)CO2 + m H2O

y
Cm+1H2m+1COOH +

0,125

3n + 1
O2
2

CmH2m- 1COOH +

0,125

Cm+1H2m+1COOH + NaOH
z

0,125

CnH2n+1COONa + H2O

(m+1)z

NaOH d + HCl = NaCl + H2O

0,1

0,1

0,1

n d = n = 100.1/1000 = 0,1
n ban u = 150.2/1000 = 0,3
n phn ng = 0,3 - 0,1 = 0,2
mmui hu c = 22,89 - 0,1.58,5 = 17,04
NaOH

HCl

NaOH

NaOH

Theo s liu u bi , ta c h phng trnh:

x + y + z = 0,2
(14n + 68)x + (14m+ 66)y + (14m + 80) z = 17, 04

[(n+1)x + (m+1)y + (m+2)z ].44 + [ (n+1)x + my + (m+1)z].18 = 26,72

Hay rt gn
(1)
x + y + z = 0,2

14(nx + my + mz) + 2x + 14z = 3,84 (2)

62(nx+ my + mz) + 18x + 62z = 17,92 (3)

Gii h phng trnh

ta c:
(2)

x = 0,1;

y + z = 0,1

0,125

14(0,1n + 0,1m) + 2. 0,1 + 14 z = 3,84

z = 0,26 - 0,1n - 0,1m vi z > 0

Suy ra

0,26 - 0,1n - 0,1m > 0

n+m < 2,6

0,125

0,25

Do m l s nguyn t cacbon trong gc axit cha no phi 2, nn

c nghim duy nht :
n= 0, m= 2
Vy 3 axt l:
HCOOH,

C2H3COOH

(CH2 = CH - COOH)

HCOOH

0,125

= 0,1. 46 = 4,6(g)

0,125
0,125

C3H5COOH
( CH2 = CH- CH2- COOH;

CH3-CH=CH-COOH; CH = C
2

COOH )

0,125

0,25

0,25

CH 3
hn hp 2 axt

= 17,04 - (0,2.23) + 0,2.1 = 12,64

Gi s mol ca C2H3COOH (M=72) l a, s mol C3H5COOH (M = 86) l b

a + b = 0,1

72a + 86b = 12,64 - 4,6 = 8,04

0,125

Suy ra:
a = 0,04

C2H3COOH

= 0,04.72 = 2,88 gam

b= 0,06
C3H5COOH = 0,06.86 = 5,16 gam
(Th sinh c th lp h phng trnh tnh a, b theo p. t chy C2H3COOH,
C3H5COOH)

0,125

0,25

2 im

Cch 2
Gi cng thc ca axt no l CnH2n+1 COOH, cng thc chung ca 2 axit
khng no l : C m H 2 m 1COOH vi s mol tng ng l x v y
Phn ng vi dung dch NaOH v t chy:
CnH2n+1COOH + NaOH

CnH2n+1COONa + H2O

x
x
x
C m H 2 m 1COOH + NaOH C m H 2 m 1COONa + H 2 O

0,125
0,125

0,25

CnH2n+1COOH +

3n + 1
O2
2

(n+1)CO2 + (n+1) H2O

(n+1)x

(n+1)x

3m
C m H 2 m 1COOH +
O2 (m + 1)CO2 + mH 2 O
2
(m + 1). y

nNaOH ban u

0,125
0,125

0,25

my

= 150.2/1000 = 0,3

NaOH d + HCl = NaCl + H2O

0,1
0,1
0,1

n d = n = 100.1/1000 = 0,1
n phn ng = 0,3 - 0,1 = 0,2
m mui axit hu c = 22,89 - 0,1. 58,5
NaOH

HCl

NaOH

= 17,04

Khi lng bnh NaOH tng l khi lng CO2 v H2O

C h phng trnh :

x + y = 2

(14n + 68).x + (14m + 66) y = 17,04

(n + 1) x + (m + 1). y .44 + (n + 1).x + m y .18 = 26,72

( x + y ) = 0,2

14(nx + m y ) + 66( x + y ) + 2 x = 17,04

62(nx + m y ) + 44( x + y ) + 18 x = 26,72

0,25

0,25

Gii h phng trnh trn , ta c:

x = 0,1
y = 0,1

0,125

nx + m y = 0,26

0,1n + 0,1m = 0,26

n + m = 2,6

0,125

0,25

Do axit cha no c s nguyn t cc bon trong gc axit 2

nn:
n=0

m = 2,6

V 2< m = 2,6<3 nn cng thc ca 3 axit l:

0,125

HCOOH
C2H3COOH

(CH2 = CH - COOH)

0,125

0,25

0,125

C3H5COOH
( CH2 = CH- CH2- COOH;

CH3-CH=CH-COOH; CH = C
2

CH

m
m

hn hp 2 axt

HCOOH

COOH )

0,125

0,25

= 17,04 - 0,2.23 + 0,2.1 = 12,64

0,125

= 0,1. 46 = 4,6 (g)

Gi s mol ca C2H3COOH l a, s mol C3H5COOH l b

a + b = 0,1

72a + 86b = 12,64 - 4,6 = 8,04

0,125

0,25

Suy ra:
a = 0,04

C2H3COOH

= 0,04.72 = 2,88 gam

0,125

b= 0,06

C3H5COOH

= 0,06.86 = 5,16 gam

0,125

0,25

Ghi ch: Th sinh c th t cng thc chung 3 axit l : RCOOH , sau tnh

M RCOONa =

17,04
= 85,2
0,2

ri tnh R v gii tip ra kt qu ng nh trn,

vn c im.
Nu th sinh c cch gii khc ng th vn c s im.

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