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B gio dc v o to
CHNH THC

k thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng nm 2003

Mn thi: HA HC Khi B
(Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht)

Cu 1 (1,5 im).
1. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong 2 nguyn t kim loi A v B l 142, trong tng s ht mang in
nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nguyn t B nhiu hn ca A l 12.
a) Xc nh 2 kim loi A v B. Cho bit s hiu nguyn t ca mt s nguyn t: Na (Z = 11), Mg (Z = 12),
Al (Z = 13), K (Z = 19), Ca (Z = 20), Fe (Z = 26), Cu (Z = 29), Zn (Z = 30).
b) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch A t mui cacbonat ca A v iu ch B t mt oxit ca B.
2. Ch dng thm nc, hy nhn bit 4 cht rn: Na2O, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Al cha trong cc l ring bit. Vit cc
phng trnh phn ng.
Cu 2 (1,5 im).
1. Cho hn hp gm FeS2, FeCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c dung dch A v hn hp
kh B gm NO2, CO2. Thm dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch A. Hp th hn hp kh B bng dung dch NaOH
d. Vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion rt gn ca cc phn ng xy ra.
2. Trn 200 ml dung dch gm HCl 0,1 M v H2SO4 0,05 M vi 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng a mol/l thu
c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 13. Tnh a v m. Cho bit, trong cc dung dch vi dung mi
l nc, tch s nng ion [H+].[OH-] = 10 14 (mol2/l2).
Cu 3 (1,5 im).
1. Cht A c cng thc phn t l C7 H8. Cho A tc dng vi Ag2O (d) trong dung dch amoniac c cht B kt
ta. Khi lng phn t ca B ln hn ca A l 214 v.C. Vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca A.
2. Ba cht hu c A, B, C cha cng nhm nh chc, c cng thc phn t tng ng l CH2O2, C2H4O2,
C3H4O2.
a) Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc cht .
b) Tnh khi lng cht B trong dung dch thu c khi ln men 1 lt ru etylic 9,2o. Bit hiu sut qu
trnh ln men l 80% v khi lng ring ca ru etylic nguyn cht l 0,8 g/ml.
Cu 4 (1,5 im).
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (ghi r iu kin) thc hin dy chuyn ho sau:
+Y
+X
C
F
G
to
A
B
E
D
C
H
+Y
+X
Cho bit E l ru etylic, G v H l polime.
2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (ghi r iu kin) chuyn ho axetilen thnh axit picric (2,4,6-trinitrophenol).
Cu 5 (2 im).
Hn hp X gm cc kim loi Al, Fe, Ba. Chia X thnh 3 phn bng nhau:
Phn I tc dng vi nc (d), thu c 0,896 lt H2.
Phn II tc dng vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (d), thu c 1,568 lt H2.
Phn III tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 2,24 lt H2.
(Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun).
1. Tnh phn trm khi lng cc kim loi trong hn hp X.
2. Sau phn ng phn II, lc, c dung dch Y. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 1M cn thm vo dung dch Y :
a) Thu c lng kt ta nhiu nht.
b) Thu c 1,56 g kt ta.
Cu 6 (2 im).
A l hp cht hu c n chc cha C, H, O. Cho mt lng cht A tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung
dch KOH 2,4 M ri c cn, c 105 gam cht rn khan B v m gam ru C. Oxi ho m gam ru C bng oxi
(c xc tc) c hn hp X. Chia X thnh ba phn bng nhau:
Phn I tc dng vi Ag2O (d) trong dung dch amoniac, c 21,6 gam Ag.
Phn II tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 (d), c 2,24 lt kh (ktc).
Phn III tc dng vi Na (va ), thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc) v 25,8 gam cht rn khan.
1. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca ru C, bit khi un nng ru C vi H2SO4 (c), 170 oC c anken.
2. Tnh phn trm s mol ru C b oxi ho.
3. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A.
Cho: H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; S = 32; Na = 23; Al = 27; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Ag = 108; Ba = 137.
---------------------- Ht -------------------------

Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.

H v tn th sinh: ................................................

S bo danh: ....................................

k thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng nm 2003

B gio dc v o to

P N THANG IM
Mn thi: Ha hc
Khi B

THI CHNH THC

NI DUNG

IM

Cu 1
1. (1,0 im)
a) Xc nh kim loi A, B:

1,5 im

Gi s proton, ntron, electron trong cc nguyn t A, B tng ng l: PA, NA, EA

v PB, NB, EB. Trong nguyn t: PA = EA; PB = EB. Ta c cc phng trnh sau:
2 (PA + PB) + (NA + NB) = 142
2 (PA + PB) - (NA + NB) = 42
2 PB - 2 PA = 12

(1)
(2)
(3)

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Gii h cc phng trnh trn c: PA = 20 ; PB = 26

Suy ra s hiu nguyn t: ZA = 20 ; ZB = 26
Vy: A l Ca ; B l Fe

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b) Phng trnh phn ng iu ch:

Ca t CaCO3
CaCO3 + 2 HCl = CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
pnc

CaCl2
= Ca + Cl2
Fe t mt oxit ca st (th d: Fe3O4)

Fe3O4 + 4 CO

to

= 3 Fe + 4 CO2

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2. (0,5 im)
Nhn bit 4 cht rn: Na2O, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Al.
* Ly mt t mi cht rn cho vo tng ng nghim cha nc:
Cht rn no tan l Na2O
Na2O + 2 H2O = 2 NaOH
* Ly mt t mi cht rn cn li cho vo tng ng nghim cha dung dch NaOH
thu c trn:
Cht no tan v c bt kh thot ra l Al
2 Al + 2 NaOH + 2 H2O = 2 NaAlO2 + 3 H2

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Cht no ch tan l Al2O3

Al2O3 + 2 NaOH = 2 NaAlO2 + H2O
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Cht no khng tan l Fe2O3 .

Cu 2:
1. (1,0 im)

1,5 im

* Cho hn hp FeS2, FeCO3 vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng:

tO

FeS2 + 18 HNO3 =
hoc

tO

Fe(NO3)3 + 2 H2SO4 + 15 NO2 + 7 H2O

2 FeS2 + 30 HNO3 = Fe2(SO4)3 + H2SO4 + 30 NO2 + 14 H2O

tO

FeS2 + 14 H+ + 15 NO3- = Fe3+ + 2 SO42- + 15 NO2 + 7 H2O

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NI DUNG

IM

FeCO3 + 4 HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + CO2 + NO2 + 2 H2O

FeCO3 + 4 H+ + NO3- = Fe3+ + CO2 + NO2 + 2 H2O

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Trong dung dch A c Fe(NO3)3, H2SO4 hoc Fe2(SO4)3, H2SO4

Thm dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch A:
BaCl2 + H2SO4 = 2 HCl + BaSO4
hoc thm phn ng :
3 BaCl2 + Fe2(SO4)3 = 2 FeCl3 + 3 BaSO4
Ba2+ + SO42- = BaSO4

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* Cho hn hp kh B (NO2, CO2) vo dung dch NaOH d :

2 NO2 +
2 NO2 +
CO2 +
CO2 +

2 NaOH
2OH
2 NaOH
2 OH

=
=
=
=

NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O

NO3- + NO2 + H2O
Na2CO3 + H2O
CO32
+ H2O

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2. (0,5 im)
Xc nh a v m:
nHCl

0,2. 0,1 = 0,02 mol

n H2SO4 = 0,2. 0,05 = 0,01 mol

HCl
0,02

H+ + Cl
0,02

H2SO4 = 2 H+ + SO420,01
0.02
0,01
n H+ = 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04 mol
n Ba(OH)2 = 0,3 a (mol)
Ba(OH)2
0,3 a

= Ba2+ + 2 OH
0,3 a
0,6 a

Khi trn dung dch (H+, Cl -, SO42-) vi dung dch (Ba2+, OH -), xy ra cc phn ng:
H+

+ OH -

= H2O

(1)

Ba2+ + SO42- = BaSO4

(2)

Dung dch sau khi trn c pH = 13

[H+] = 10-13 M
n OH- d = 0,5. 0,1 = 0,05 mol
Theo (1): nOH- phn ng (1)
Ta c: n OH- ban u =
0,6 a

nH+

[OH ] = 10-14: 10-13 = 10-1M

= 0,04 mol

n OH- phn ng (1)

+ n OH - d

= 0 ,04 + 0,05
a = 0,15 mol/ lit

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V n Ba 2+ trong dd Ba(OH)2 = 0,3 a = 0,3. 0,15 = 0,045 > 0,01 (nSO42- trong dd H SO )
2

nn theo (2):

nBaSO4 = nSO42-

= 0,01 mol

Khi lng BaSO4 kt ta: m = 0,01. 233 = 2,33 gam

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NI DUNG

IM
1,5 im

Cu 3:
1. (0,75 im)
Hp cht A (C7H8) tc dng vi Ag2O trong dung dch amoniac, l hirocacbon c
lin kt ba u mch c dng R(C CH)x
dd NH3 , to

2 R(CCH)x + x Ag2O
MR + 25x

2 R(C CAg)x + x H2O

MR + 132x

MB MA = (MR + 132x) - (MR + 25x) = 107 x = 214

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x = 2

Vy A c dng: HC C C3H6 C CH

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Cc cng thc cu to c th c ca A:
CH C CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH

CH C CH CH2 C CH

CH3

CH3

CH C C - C CH

CH C CH C CH

CH3

CH2 CH3

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2. (0,75 im)
a) A c cng thc phn t CH2O2, ch c cng thc cu to l HCOOH, axit fomic,
suy ra B v C cng l axit .
B c cng thc cu to l CH3COOH, axit axetic.
C c cng thc cu to l CH2 = CH COOH, axit acrylic.

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b) Tnh khi lng CH3COOH trong dung dch :

1 lt ru etylic 9,2o c 92 ml C2H5OH.
nC H OH = (92. 0,8) : 46 = 1,6 (mol)
2

C2H5OH + O2

men gim

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CH3 COOH + H2O

Khi lng CH3COOH = 1,6 . 60 . 80 / 100 = 76,8 ( gam )

Cu 4:
1. (1, 0 im)

0,25
1,5 im

1)
2)
3)

1500 C

C2H2 + 3 H2
2 CH4
(A)
(B)
C2H2 + H2 Pd
C2H4
(X)
(C)

4)

C2H2 + H2O
(Y)
CH3CHO + H2

5)

C2H4 + H2O

6)

2 C2H5OH

HgSO4, to

CH3CHO
(D)
Ni , to
C2H5OH
(E)
H2SO4 long
C2H5OH

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xt , to

8)

CH2 = CH CH = CH2 + H2 + 2 H2O

(F)
n CH2 = CH CH = CH2 Na
( CH2 CH = CH CH2 )n
(G)
H2SO4 , 170OC
C2H5OH
CH2 = CH2 + H2O

9)

n CH2 = CH2

7)

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xt, to, p

( CH2 CH2 )n
(H)

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NI DUNG

IM

2. (0,5 im)
Cc phng trnh chuyn ha :
1) 3 C2H 2
2)
3)

C , 600OC
Fe

C6H6 + Cl2

C6H6
C6H5Cl + HCl

C6H5Cl + NaOH, c

to cao , p cao

C6H5OH

OH

OH

4)

+ 3 HNO3, c

0,25

O2N

H2SO4 c, to

NaCl

NO2

+ 3 H2O

0,25

NO2

Cu 5:
1. (1,25 im)
Tnh % khi lng cc kim loi trong X:

2 im

Cc phn ng xy ra mi phn:
* Phn I:
Ba + 2H2O = Ba(OH)2 + H2
2 Al + Ba(OH)2 + 2 H2O = Ba(AlO2)2 + 3 H2
n H2 (phn I) = 0,896 : 22,4 = 0,04 ( mol)

(1)
(2)

* Phn II :
Ba + 2 H2O = Ba(OH)2 + H2
2 Al + Ba(OH)2 + 2 H2O = Ba(AlO2)2 + 3 H2
2 Al + 2 NaOH + 2 H2O = 2 NaAlO2 + 3 H2
n H (phn II) = 1,568 : 22,4 = 0,07 ( mol)

(3)
(4)
(5)

* Phn III :
Ba + 2 HCl = BaCl2 + H2
2 Al + 6 HCl = 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
Fe + 2 HCl = FeCl2 + H2
n H (phn III) = 2,24 : 22,4 = 0,1 ( mol )

(6)
(7)
(8)

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0,25

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phn II dung dch NaOH d nn Al phn ng ht.

phn I, do s mol H2 thu c nh hn phn II, suy ra Al cn d v Ba(OH)2
phn ng ht.

t s mol ca Ba , Al , Fe trong mi phn tng ng l x , y , z . Ta c s mol H2

thu c :
Phn I : x + 3x
= 0,04
(a)
Phn II : x + 1,5y
= 0,07
(b)
Phn III : x + 1,5y + z = 0,1
(c)

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Gii 3 phng trnh trn c :

x = 0,01 mol ; y = 0,04 mol ; z = 0,03 mol
Khi lng mi phn: (0,01 . 137) + (0,04 . 27) + (0,03 . 56) = 4,13 (gam)
Phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp X :
% Ba = (1,37 : 4,13 ) .100
= 33,17 (%)
% Al = (1,08 : 4,13 ). 100
= 26,15 (%)
% Fe = 100 (33,17 + 26,15) = 40,68 (%)

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NI DUNG

IM

2. (0,75 im)
Tnh th tch dung dch HCl:
Dung dch Ycha cc cht: Ba(AlO2)2, NaAlO2, NaOH d, Ba(OH)2 d, do cha
cc ion Ba2+, Na+, AlO2 , OH .
Theo cc phn ng (4) v (5) :
n AlO2 = nOH

= n Al

= 0,04 (mol)

nOH d = n OH ban u + n OH (3)

= 0,05.1
+
0,02

- n OH phn ng
- 0,04
= 0,03 (mol)

Khi thm dung dch HCl vo dung dch Y, xy ra cc phn ng :

OH + H+ = H2O
(9)
AlO2- + H + + H2O = Al( OH)3
(10)
Nu HCl d , cn c phn ng:
(11)
Al(OH)3 + 3H+ = Al3+ + 3H2O
a) thu c kt ta ln nht th dung dch HCl thm vo phi va , phn ng
ht vi OH v AlO2 theo phn ng (9) v (10):
nH Cl = n H + = 0,03 + 0,04 = 0,07 (mol)
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Th tch dung dch HCl 1M = 0,07 : 1 = 0,07 (lt) hay 70 (ml)

b) thu c 1,56gam kt ta hay 1,56: 78 = 0,02 (mol) Al(OH)3 c 2 trng hp:
* HCl thm vo ch thu c 0,02 mol Al(OH)3 .
Theo cc phn ng (9) v (10) :
n H Cl = n H + = 0,03 + 0,02 = 0,05 (mol)

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Th tch dung dch HCl 1M = 0,05 : 1 = 0,05 (lt) hay 50 (ml)

* HCl thm vo nhiu hn lng cn thit thu c lng kt ta ln nht,
khi Al(OH)3 b tan mt phn theo phn ng (11) v cn li 0,02 mol.
Theo cc phn ng (9) (10) v (11) :
nH Cl = n H + = 0,07 + 3. (0,04 0,02) = 0,13 (mol)
Th tch dung dch HCl 1M = 0,13 : 1 = 0,13 (lt) hay 130 (ml) .
Cu 6:
1. (1,5 im)
Xc nh cng thc cu to ru C:

0,25
2 im

Hp cht hu c n chc A cha C, H, O tc dng vi dung dch KOH cho ru C,

suy ra A l este n chc. un nng ru C vi H2SO4 c 170o C c anken, chng t
ru C l ru no n chc, mch h. Oxi ha ru C c sn phm tham gia phn ng
trng gng, suy ra C l ru bc mt. Vy A c cng thc tng qut l: RCOOCH2R.
Phn ng ca A vi dung dch KOH :
RCOOCH2R + KOH

RCOOK +RCH2OH

(1)

Phn ng oxi ha m gam ru C :

2 RCH2OH + O2
RCH2OH + O2

xt
xt

2 RCHO + 2 H2O
RCOOH + H2O

(2)
(3)

Hn hp X sau phn ng (2) v (3) gm RCHO, RCOOH, H2O v RCH2OH d,

c chia lm 3 phn bng nhau.

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NI DUNG
t s mol ru C ng vi m/3 (gam) ru l x, s mol ru C phn ng chuyn
thnh anehit v axit tng ng l y v z.

Trong 1/3 hn hp X c :

IM

RCHO
y (mol)
RCOOH
z (mol)
(y + z) (mol)
H2O
RCH2OH d (x y z) (mol).

* Phn I :
dd NH3 , t0
RCOOH + 2 Ag
RCHO + Ag2O
y
2y
y = 0,1 ( mol )
S mol Ag = 2y = 21,6 : 108 = 0,2
* Phn II :
RCOOH + NaHCO3
RCOONa + H2O + CO2
z
z
S mol CO2 = z = 2,24 : 22,4 = 0,1 (mol)
* Phn III:
2 RCOOH + 2 Na
z
2 RCH2OH + 2 Na
(x y z)

2 RCOONa + H2
z
0,5 z
2 RCH2ONa + H2
(x y - z)
0,5 (x y z)
2 NaOH + H2
(y + z)
0,5 (y + z)

2 H2O + 2 Na
(y + z)

(4)
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(5)
0,25
(6)
(7)
(8)

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S mol H2: 0,5z + 0,5(x - y - z ) + 0,5( y + z ) = 4,48 : 22,4 = 0,2 (mol )

x + z = 0,4 (*)
Thay z = 0,1 vo (*) c: x = 0,3 (mol)

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Cht rn khan thu c sau phn ng phn III gm :

0,1 (mol) RCOONa ; 0,1 (mol) RCH2ONa v 0,2 (mol) NaOH.
S gam cht rn khan : (R+ 67). 0,1 + (R + 53). 0,1 + 40. 0,2 = 25,8
R = 29

R l C2H5

Cng thc cu to ca ru C: CH3 CH2 CH2 - OH.

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2. (0,25 im)
Tnh phn trm s mol C3H7OH b oxi ha :
Tng s mol ru b oxi ha: 3(y + z ) = 3 . 0,2 = 0,6 (mol).
S mol C3H7OH c trong m gam l : 3x = 3 . 0,3 = 0,9 (mol)
% s mol C3H7OH b oxi ha l: (0,6 : 0,9) .100 = 66,67 (%)

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3. (0,25 im)
Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A:
Theo (1): nru = nKOH phn ng = nmui = 3x = 0,9 (mol)
S mol KOH d: 0,5. 2,4 0,9 = 0,3 (mol)
Cht rn khan B gm: 0,9 (mol) RCOOK v 0,3 (mol) KOH d
S gam cht rn khan B: ( R + 83 ). 0,9 + 56 . 0,3 = 105
R = 15
R l CH3
Vy cng thc cu to ca A l: CH3 COO CH2 CH2 CH3

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im ton bi:

(Ghi ch: Th sinh c cch lm khc cc cu, nu ng vn cho im).

10 im