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VAAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF APPLIED AND COMPUTER SCIENCES

Assessment 2: LU 5-9 Physics II


SUBJECT DATE TIME TOTAL MARKS FULL MARKS : : : : : Physics 2 (APPHT 2A) 17 April 2009 2 HOURS 110 100

EXAMINER: MODERATOR:

: :

Mrs. D du Plessis Mr. D. Ngobeni

Calculators may be used. Read the exam rules and regulations. Number the answers correctly. The question paper consists of 5 typed pages including the front page, and an information sheet. Question 2.8 and 2.9 can be answered on tables provided on page 5.

DO NOT TURN THE PAGE BEFORE PERMISSION IS GRANTED.

Question 1

[30]

1.1 Which one of the following statements concerning the buoyant force on an object submerged in a liquid is true? a. The buoyant force depends on the mass of the object. b. The buoyant force depends on the weight of the object. c. The buoyant force is independent of the density of the liquid. d. The buoyant force depends on the volume of the liquid displaced. e. The buoyant force will increase with depth if the liquid is incompressible. 1.2 A rectangular crate with weight W is floating in water with two-thirds of its volume above the water. If you want to push down on it to hold it lower in water, so that only one-third of its volume is above water, the downward force needed to do it is: a. W b. 2W c. W/2 d. W/3 e. None of the above. 1.3 A sample of neon gas at 20 C is confined to a cylinder with a movable piston. It is then heated until its pressure is doubled. What is the final temperature of the gas? a. 10 C b. 40 C c. 313 C d. 586 C e. This cannot be found since the final and initial volumes are unknown. 1.4 Which of the following statement is true for different thermodynamic processes for a gas with the same temperature change and the same number of moles: a. Qisochoric>Qisobaric>Qadiabatic b. Qisobaric >Qisochoric>Qadiabatic c. Qisobaric > Qadiabatic >Qisochoric d. Qisobaric = Qisochoric>Qadiabatic e. None of the above 1.5 Atmosphere is composed primarily of Nitrogen N2 (78%, M=28 g/mol) and Oxygen O2 (21%, M=32 g/mol) a. The kinetic energy and rms speed of Nitrogen is greater than that of Oxygen. b. The kinetic energy of Nitrogen is greater than that of Oxygen and rms speed of Nitrogen is equal to that of Oxygen. c. The kinetic energy of Nitrogen is equal to that of Oxygen and rms speed of Nitrogen is greater than that of Oxygen. d. The kinetic energy of Nitrogen is equal to that of Oxygen and rms speed of Nitrogen is smaller than that of Oxygen. e. The kinetic energy and rms speed of Nitrogen is smaller than that of Oxygen. A quantity of carbon monoxide gas is slowly adiabatically compressed in an insulated container to one-half of its initial volume. The ratio of the specific heat capacities at constant pressure and constant volume, cP/cV , for 5 carbon dioxide is approximately 1.3. Determine the final pressure of the gas if the initial pressure is 2.0 x 10 Pa. 5 a. 2.0 x 10 Pa 5 b. 2.6 x 10 Pa 5 c. 3.7 x 10 Pa 5 d. 4.9 x 10 Pa 5 e. 5.2 x 10 Pa

1.6

1.7

The gas shown in the figure is in a completely insulated rigid container. Weight is added to the frictionless piston, compressing the gas. As this is done, a. The temperature of the gas stays the same because the container is insulated b. The temperature of the gas increases because heat is added to the gas c. The temperature of the gas decreases because work is done on the gas. d. The temperature of the gas increases because work is done on the gas e. The pressure of the gas stays the same because the temperature of the gas is constant

1.8

An insulated box has a barrier that confines a gas one side of the box. The barrier spring a leak, allowing the gas to flow and occupy both sides of the box. Which statement best describes the entropy of the system? a. The entropy is greater in the first state, with all the gas in one side of the box. b. The entropy is greater in the second state, with the gas on both sides of the box. c. The entropy is the same in both states, since no heat was added to the gas and its temperature did not change. d. None of the above A lower tank contains water while an upper tank contains air with a negligible concentration of water vapor. A tube with a circular cross section and radius 0.050 m is inserted between the two tanks. The length of the tube is -5 2 0.25 m. The diffusion coefficient of water vapor through air is 2.4 x 10 m /s. The concentration of water vapor -2 3 just above the surface of the water is 1.7 x 10 kg/m . If the water vapor is removed from the upper tank so that the concentration there remains nearly zero, what mass of water vapor diffuses through the tube each hour? -5 a. 4.6 x 10 kg -6 b. 2.0 x 10 kg -7 c. 7.1 x 10 kg -8 d. 1.3 x 10 kg -8 e. 8.2 x 10 kg

1.9

1.10 What is the function of the moderator in a fission reactor? a. The moderator absorbs gamma rays. b. The moderator absorbs slow neutrons. c. The moderator decreases the speeds of fast neutrons. d. The moderator prevents heat loss from the reactor core. e. The moderator prevents the reactor from reaching a critical state.

Question 2
2.1

[80]
(3) (3) (1) (2) (5) (2) (2) (2) (2) (1) (2)

Define, state or explain each of the following: a. Archimedes principle. b. First law of thermodynamics c. Adiabatic process d. Quasi-static process e. Carnots principle f. Second law of thermodynamics (order-disorder statement) g. Ionising radiation h. RBE (Relative biological effectiveness) i. Induced nuclear transmutation j. Nuclear fission Name a condition for stimulated emission to occur in a LASER.

2.2 2.3

A slab of ice floats on a freshwater lake. What minimum volume must the slab have for a 45 kg woman to be able 3 (5) to stand on it without getting her feet wet? ice=0.917 g/cm .

2.4

The volume of a monatomic ideal gas doubles in an adiabatic expansion. By what factor does the temperature change in this expansion? (5) An aircraft engine takes in 9000 J of heat and discards 6400 J each cycle. a. Calculate the mechanical work output of each cycle. b. What is the thermal efficiency of the engine?
o

2.5

(2) (2)

2.6

A Carnot air conditioner maintains the temperature in a house at 24 C on a day when the temperature outside is o (4) 38 C. What is the coefficient of performance of this air conditioner? A first year student with nothing better to do adds 117250 J of heat to 0.35 kg ice at 0 C until all is melted. The o source of heat is a very massive body at temperature 35 . Calculate: a. the change in entropy of the ice. (2) b. the total change in entropy of the heat source and the ice. (2) The graph in the figure shows a PV diagram for 3.25 moles of ideal Helium (He) gas. The system changes from a to b, then from b to c and then finally from c to a. The process from c to a takes place in a heat bath.
o

2.7

2.8

Complete the following table. Show all calculations. A table is provided on page 5. If you use the table provided please remember to hand in with answer sheet. (23) Temperature at a: a. Temperature at b: b. Pressure at b: c. Type of process W (J) Q (J) U (J) ab d. e. f. g. bc h. i. j. ca k. l. m. 2.9 Name the following (A-J) in the sketch of a pressurized water reactor. A table is provided on page 5. If you use the table provided please remember to hand in with answer sheet. (10)

EXAMINATION FORMULAE
FAB = gV F= Q=

vA
y

R P 8L
4

Vf W = nRT ln V i W = 3 nR (Ti T f ) 2 PiVi = Pf V f

r 1,2 x10 15 A 3 E = mc 2 N = N 0 e t

K E = 3 kT 2

ln 2 U = 3 NkT = 3 nRT Q = nCT 2 2 T 12 = M QP = 3 nR (T f Ti ) + nR (T f Ti ) 2 m= q NA E= QV = 3 nR (T f Ti ) 2 m DACt m= L

Tables for questions 2.8 and 2.9 Student number:__________________________


2.8
Temperature at a: Temperature at b: Pressure at b: a. (23)

b.

c. U (J) f.

ab

Type of process d.

W (J) e.

Q (J) g.

bc

h.

i.

j.

ca

k.

l.

m.

2.9 A B C D E

(10) F G H I J

Memorandum Assessment 2: LU 5-9


Duration Total marks Full marks : : : 2 Hour 110 100

Question 1
1.1 d 1.2 a 1.3 e

[30]
1.4 b 1.5 d 1.6 d 1.7 d 1.8 b 1.9 a 1.10 c

Question 2

[80]
2.3

2.1 (23) a Any fluid applies a buoyant force to an object partially or completely immersed in it. The magnitude of the force equals the weight of the displaced fluid. b Q=U+W Q-heat transfer TO system U-INCREASE in internal energy (U=nRT Increase in temp.) c A process taking place with no heat transfer. d A thermal process that occurs so slowly, that uniform pressure and temperature exist throughout the system at all times. e No irreversible engine operating between two reservoirs at constant temperatures can have a greater efficiency than a reversible engine operating between the same 2 temperatures. Furthermore, all reversible engines operating between the same temperatures have the same efficiency. f System goes from order to disorder spontaneously, but it can never goes from disorder to order spontaneously. g Radiation that consists of photons that have sufficient energy to knock an electron from an atom to form an ion. The dose of 200 keV X rays that h
Relative biological effectiveness = produces a certain biological effect The dose of radiation that produces the same biological effect

BF = Wice + Wwoman 1000V 9.8 = 917V 9.8 + 45(9.8) V = 0542m

(5)

P1V1 = P2V2

nRT1V1 nRT2V2 = V1 V2
2.4

T1V1

= T2V2
1

(5)

T1 V2 = T2 V1
5

1 T1 = 2 3 = 1.588 T2

2.5 W=QH-QC=9000-6400=2600J

e=

W 2600 = = 0.2929% Q H 9000


1 1

(4)

T Q Qc Q = H 1 c. p = c = H T W QC C 2.6 1 311 1 = 21.21 c. p == 297


2.7

(4)

i j

When the incident particle induces a transmutation from one element into another element The splitting of a massive nucleus into two smaller nuclei.

S =

2.2 The incoming photon must have an energy that exactly matches the difference in energy between the two energy levels. (2)

SUniverse

Q 117250 = = 429.5 J / K T 273 117250 = 429.5 = 48.82 J / K 308

(4)

2.8
Temperature at a:

(23) a.

PV 200000(0.04) = = 296.07 K nR 3.25(8.314) Temperature PV 800000(0.04) = = 1184.3K b. Tb = at b: nR 3.25(8.314) Pressure at nRT 3.25(8.314)(296.07) = = 800000 Pa c. Pa = Pb = b: V 0.01 Ta = Tc =
ab Type of process d. Isobaric W (J) e. U (J) f. Q (J) g. 24000+24000 =60 000J

PV = 800000(0.04 0.01) = 24000 J

3 U = nRT 2 3 U = 3.25(8.314)(1184.3 296.07) 2 U = 36000 J


j.

bc

h. Isochoric

i. 0 J

3 nRT 2 3 U = 3.25(8.314)(296.07 1184.3) 2 U = 36000 J U =


l. m. 0 J

ca

k. Isothermal

W = nRT ln(

Vf Vi

) 0.01 ) 0.04

W = 3.25(8.314)296.07 ln( W = 11090.3 J


2.9 A B C D E

(10) Pressurized water Reactor Control Rods Fuel elements Pump F G H I J Heat exchanger Hot steam in Condenser Turbine Electric generator

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