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Mu nguyn t BO(Quang ph hydro)

L thuyt: I. Tin v trng thi dng: Nguyn t ch tn ti trong nhng trng thi dng c nng lng xc nh, gi l trng thi dng. Trong cc trng thi dng nguyn t khng bc x Ch : Nng lng ca nguyn t trng thi dng bao gm ng nng ca cc lctron v th nng ca chng i vi ht nhn. tnh ton nng lng ca cc electron Bo vn s dng m hnh hnh tinh nguyn t II. Tin v s bc x v hp th nng lng ca nguyn t: Trng thi dng c nng lng cng thp th cng bn vng. Trngt hi dng c nng lng cng cao th cng km bn vng. Do khi nguyn t trng thi c nng lng ln bao gi cng c xu hng chuyn sang trng thi dng c mc nng lng nh - Khi nguyn t chuyn t trng thi dng c nng lng Em sang trng thi dng c nng lng En ( Vi Em>En) th nguyn t pht ra mt phtn c nng lng ng bng hiu Em-En, tc l = hf mn = Em E n . Vi fmn l tn s nh sng ca bc sng ng vi phtn . Ngc li, nu nguyn t ng trng thi dng c nng lng thp En m hp th c mt phtn c nng lng ng bng hiu Em-En, th n chuyn ln trng thi dng c nng lng Em ln hn. Em hfmn En - Trong cc trng thi dng electron chuyn ng trn nhng qu o c bn knh xc nh: rn=n2.r0 vi r0=5,3.10-11m - Nng lng ca cc trng thi dng: En=
13,6(eV ) , n=1, 2, 3 n2

fmn

III. Gii thch s to thnh Quang ph vch a) Ngi ta thy cc vch trong quang ph pht x ca H sp xp thnh nhng dy xc nh tch ri hn nhau - Trong vng t ngoi c mt dy gi l dy Laiman - Th hai l dy gi l Banme. Dy ny c mt phn nm trong vng t ngoi v mt phn nm trong vng nh sng nhn thy, phn ny c 4 vch l ( H ; = 0,6563m ),lam ( H ; = 0,4816m ),chm( H ; = 0,434m ), tm ( H ; = 0,4102m )

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- Trong vng hng ngoi co dy gi l Pasen: b) S chuyn ho cc mc nng lng:

P O N M L K Laiman Banme Pasen -Dy Liman to thnh khi electron chuyn t mc nng lng bn ngoi v mc nng lng K - Dy Banme to thnh khi electron chuyn t mc nng lng bn ngoi v mc nng lng L H : M L ; H : N L ; H : O L H : P L - Dy Pasen to thnh khi electron chuyn t mc nng lng bn ngoi v mc nng lng M IIII.Mt s tnh cht cn nh: a) f21>f32>f43> b) 21 < 32 < 43 ........... c) f21<f31<f41< d) 32 > 42 > 52 ...........

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Dng 1. Tm li cng thc tnh bc sng ca vch quang ph bng l thuyt

Cu 1. Cng thc thc nghim xc nh bc sng vch quang ph ca nguyn t Hidr l cho bi cng thc:
1 1 1 = R( ) 2 2 Vi n2>n1Tm l i bng l thuyt v tnh n1 n2 13,6eV Bit: En= 2 n

Cu 2. Da vo cng thc: = R( n 2 n 2 ) vi R=1,09737.107 (1/m)

1 2 H , H , H , H v vch tip theo( tc vch Hy tm bc sng cc vch

th 5) trong dy Banme. T , xc nh cc vch ni trn nm trong vng no(hng ngoi, nhn thy, t ngoi).

Dng 2. Tnh bc sng, tn s, mc nng lng v mi quan h gia cc bc sng ca cc vch quang ph
Cu 1. Mt nguyn t t trng thi dng c mc nng lng EM=-1,5eV sang trng thi c nng lng EL=-3,4V. Tm bc sng ca bc x c pht ra. Cu 2. Nng lng ca cc trng thi dng trong nguyn t Hidr ln lt l EK=-13,6eV; EL=-3,4eV; EM=-1,51eV; EN=-0,85eV; EO=-0,54eV. Hy tm bc sng ca cc bc x t ngoi do nguyn t hidr pht ra Cu 3. Vch th 2 trong dy Lyman c bc sng 31 = 0,103m . 1. Vch th nht trong dy Lyman c bc sng 21 = 0,122m . chng t trong dy Banme c mt vch quang ph c bc sng c quan h vi hai bc sng trn. Tm bc sng 2. Vch th ba trong dy Lyman c bc sng 41 = 0,097 m . chng t rng trong dy Parsen c mt vch quang ph c bc sng c quan h vi 2 bc sng 31 v 41 cho. Tnh bc sng Cu 4. Cho bit bc sng ng vi 3 vch quang ph ca nguyn t Hidr trong dy Pasen vng hng ngoi l 1 = 1,875m 2 = 1,282m , 3 = 1,093m v vch (H ) trong dy Banme l = 0,656m a. Hy tnh cc bc sng , , ng vi 3 vch lam (H ), chm (H ), tm (H )

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b. V s biu din cc mc nng lng v s chuyn mc nng lng ca electron tng ng vi cc vch quang ph trn Cu 5. lectron trong nguyn t hidr chuyn t qu o L ng vi mc nng lng E2=-3,4eV v qu o K ng vi mc nng lng E1=-13,6eV a. Tnh bc sng ca bc x pht ra b. Chiu bc x c bc sng ni trn vo catt ca mt t bo quang in lm bng kim loi c cng thot A=2eV. Tnh ng nng ban u cc i ca electron v hiu in th hm dng quang in Uh Cu 6. Trong quang ph ca hidr cc bc sng ca cc vch quang ph nh sau: 21 = 0,121568m , 32 = 0,656279 m , 43 = 1,8751m a. tm tn s ng vi cc bc x trn b. Tnh tn s vch quang ph th 2, th 3 ca dy Lyman Cu 7. Bit bc sng ng vi hai vch u tin trong dy Lyman ca quang ph hidr l L1 = 0,122m v L 2 = 103nm . bit mc nng lng ca trng thi kch thch th hai trong quang ph hidr l 1,51eV 1. tm bc sng ca vch H trong quang ph nhn thy c 2. Tm mc nng lng ca trng thi c bn v trng thi kch thch th nht( theo n v eV) Cu 8. Bc sng ca vch quang ph u tin trong dy Laiman l 0 =122nm, ca vch H v H trong dy Banme ln lt l 1 = 656nm , 2 = 486nm Hy tnh: Bc sng ca vch quang ph th hai trong dy Limn v vch u tin trong dy Pasen Cu 9. Bc sng ca vch quang ph th nht trong dy Laiman ca quang ph Hidro l 0 = 0,122m Bc sng ca ba vch quang ph H , H , H ln lt l
1 = 0,656 m, 2 = 0,486 m, 3 = 0,434m

a. Tnh tn s ca bn bc x ni trn b. Tnh bc sng ca hai vch tip theo trong dy Laiman v hai vch u trong dy Pasen Cu 10. Trong quang ph Hir, bit bc sng ca cc vch u tin trong dy Laiman l 21 = 0,1216m , dy Banm l 32 = 0,6563m v dy Pasen l 43 = 1,8751m . Hy xc nh bc sng ca cc vch quang ph th 2, th 3 trong dy Laiman v vch th 2 trong dy Banme.

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Cu 11. Bit bc sng ng vi 3 vch trong dy Banme ca Hiro l = 0,656 m, = 0,486 m, = 0,434 m . C th xc nh c bc sng no khc trong cc vch quang ph cn li. Cu 12. Trong quang ph H bc sng ca cc vch quang ph nh sau: -Vch th nht trong dy Banme: 21 = 0,121568m -Vch H ca dy Banme: 32 = 0,656279m -Ba vch u tin ca dy Pasen:
43 = 1,8751m; 53 = 1,2818m; 63 = 1,0938m

a. Tnh tn s dao ng ca cc bc x trn. b. Tnh bc sng ca hai vch quang ph th hai v th ba ca dy Laiman v cc vch H ; H ; H ca dy Banme.

Dng 3. Bc sng di nht v ngn nht trong cc dy

L thuyt: Ta c khi electron chuyn t mc nng lng m v mc nng lng n cho trc ta c:
hc 1 1 = 13,6eV ( ) 2 m2 n

Bc sng di nht ng vi: m=n+1 Bc sng ngn nht ng vi: m= .. Cu 1. p dng cng thc tnh bc sng ca vch quang ph Hidr:
1 1 1 = R( ) Vi R=1,1.107m/s n2 m2

Hy tnh cc bc sng di nht v ngn nht trong dy Lyman, Banme v Parsen. Cu 2. Cho ba vch c bc sng di nht trong ba dy quang ph Hdro l 1L = 0,1216 m (Lyman), 1B = 0,6563m (Banme) v 1P = 1,8751m (Parsen) 1. C th tm c bc sng ca cc vch no khc, cc vch thuc min no ca thang sng in t 2. Cho bit nng lng cn thit ti thiu bt in t ra khi nguyn t Hdr l 13,6eV tnh bc sng ngn nht ca vch quang ph trong dy Parsen Cu 3. Ba vch c bc sng di nht trong dy Laiman ca nguyn t Hidro l 1 = 0,122m; 2 = 0,1028m; 3 = 0,0975m . Hi khi nguyn t Hidro b kch thch sao cho electron chuyn ln qu o N th nguyn t c th pht ra cc bc x ng vi vch no trong dy Banme? Tnh nng lng ca

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Phtn ng vi cc bc x . Cho hng s Plng h=6,625.10-34Js; Vn tc nh sng trong chn khng c=3.108m/s

Dng 4. Nng lng Ing ho

L thuyt: Nng lng In ho ca nguyn t H2 l nng lng phi cung cp electron chuyn t mc nng lung E1 n mc nng lng E = 0 Cu 1. 1. Nng lng In ho ca nguyn t Hidrro l g? Tnh nng lng In ho nguyn t Hidr 2. Nng lng In ho ca nguyn t Hli l g? (Hli c 2 nng lng In ho) Nng lng In ho th nht ca Hli bng 23,6eV. Mt nguyn t Hli trng thi kch thch c nng lng 21,4eV. Khi chuyn xung trng thi c bn n pht ra bc x c bc sng bng bao nhiu, vch tng ng thuc min g ca quang ph? Cu 2. Bc sng di nht trong dy Lyman l 0,1215m , bc sng ngn nht trong dy Banme l 0,365m Bit: h=6,625.10-34Js; e=1,6.10-19C 1. Vi cc s liu trn hy tm nng lng cn thit bt electron ra khi nguyn t ca n khi electron trn qu o K 2. Bit nng lng ca electron trong nguyn t Hidr c biu thc:
En = Rh n2 W = E E1 = 0 E1 = 13,6(eV )

Vi: R l hng s, n l s nguyn 1, 2, 3. N=1 ng vi qu o K, n=2 ng vi qu o L, Tm R Cu 3.Cc mc nng lng ca nguyn t hidr c trng thi dng c xc nh bng cng thc: E n =
13,6eV vi n l s nguyn; n=1 ng vi mc c n2

bn K; n =2, 3, 4.. ng vi mc kch thch L, M, N.. a. Tnh ra Jun nng lng In ho ca nguyn t hidr b. Tnh ra mt bc sng ca vch H trong dy Banme Cu 4. Vch u tin trong dy Lyman v vch cui cng trong dy Banme trong quang ph hidr ln lt c bc sng l 1 = 0,365m v 2 = 0,1215m . Da vo hy tnh nng lng In ho ca nguyn t hidr Cu 5. Gi tr nng lng ca cc trng thi dng ca nguyn t H cho bi cng thc:

-7Rh

En=- 2 n - h: hng s Plng -R: Mt hng s -n: S t nhin Cho bit nng lng in ha ca nguyn t H l 13,5eV. Hy xc nh nhng vch quang ph ca H xut hin khi bn ph nguyn t H trng thi c bn bng chm electron c ng nng 12,5eV Cu 6. Vch u tin ca dy Laiman v vch cui cng ca dy Banme trong quang ph H c cc bc sng 1 = 0,1218m v 2 = 0,3653m . Tnh nng lng in ho ca H trng thi c bn (theo on v eV)

Dng 5. Nng lng kch thch ca nguyn t hidr

L thuyt: Nng lng kch thch nguyn t hidr c th l nng lng ca phtn hoc ng nng ca electron bn vo ht nhn. - i vi phtn: Nguyn t hidr ch hp th nhng phtn c nng lng ng bng hiu mc nng lng:
hf = E m E n

- i vi ng nng ca electroon: Khi cung cp cho electron nng lng W th electron chuyn t qu o n ln qu o m ta c: Em W+En < Em+1 Cu 1. Vch ca dy Pasen c bc sng 1 = 1875nm v 2 = 1281nm ng vi s chuyn gia cc mc nng lng no. Cu 2. Khi electron trong nguyn t H chuyn t qu o th n v qu o th m=2 th pht ra bc x c bc sng = 0,487 m . Hy tm bn knh qu o th n Cu 3. Mun thu c 3 vch v ch 3 vch quang ph th nng lng kch thch nguyn t Hidr l bao nhiu v tnh bc sng ca 3 vch quang ph y Cu 4. C nhng vch quang ph no xut hin khi kch thch nguyn t Hodr trng thi c bn bng cc electron c nng lng W=12,5eV Cu 5. Ba vch quang ph u tin trong dy Lyman ca nguyn t Hidr c bc sng ln lt l 1 = 1216 A0 , 2 = 1026 A0 v 3 = 973 A0 . hi nu nguyn t hidr b kch thch sao cho electron ln qu o N th nguyn t c th pht ra nhng vch no trong dy Banme? Tnh bc sng ca cc vch . Cu 6. lectron ca nguyn t Hidro trng thi c bn thu nng lng 12,1eV

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a. lectron ny chuyn ln ti mc nng lng no b. Nguyn t H c kch thch nh trn y c th pht ra cc bc x c bc sng bng bao nhiu. Cu 7. Chiu mt chm bc x n sc c tn s f=2,924.10 15Hz vo mt khi kh hidr nhit v p sut thch hp, khi trong quang ph pht x ca hidr ch c ba vch ng vi cc tn s f1, f2, f3 bit f1=f; f2=2,4669.1015Hz v f3<f2 a. Gii thch s hnh thnh cc vch quang ph nu trn, v s biu din s chuyn mc nng lng ng vi cc vch quang ph b. Tnh bc sng ca ba vch bc x n sc ni trn. Ni r cc bc x ny thuc dy no trong quang ph hidr, mt ngi c th nhn thy my vch? Cu 8. 1. Xc nh bin thin nng lng ca electron trong nguyn t hidr khi n chuyn t mc nng lng M(n=3) v mc nng lng K(n=1) v bc sng ca bc x pht ra 2. Xc nh cc bc sng cc i v cc tiu ca cc vch trong dy Pasen 3. Mt phtn c nng lng 16eV lm bt electron ra khi nguyn t hidr trng thi c bn. tnh vn tc ca electron khi bt ra khi nguyn t Cu 9. Cc mc nng lng ca nguyn t hidr c xc nh bi cng
E0 thc: E n = 2 vi E0=13,6eV, n l s nguyn 1, 2, 3,( ng vi cc mc n

nng lng K, L, M, N) 1. Kch thch nguyn t hidr trng thi c bn bng vic hp th phtn c nng lng thch hp, bn knh qu o ca lectroon tng ln 9 ln. tm cc bc sng kh d ca bc x m nguyn t c th pht ra. 2. Khi chiu ln lt vo nguyn t hidr trng thi c bn cc bc x m phtn c cc nng lung 6eV, 12,75eV v 18eV. Trong mi trng hp , nguyn t hidr c hp th phtn khng? V nu th nguyn t s chuyn ln trng thi no? 3. Nguyn t H trng thi c bn va chm vi mt electron c nng lng 10,6eV. Trong qu trnh tng tc, gi s nguyn t ng yn v chuyn ln trng thi kch thch u tin. Hy tm ng nng ca electron sau va chm. Cu 10. Nng lng ca electron ca nguyn t hidr c biu thc En=
13,6eV , vi n=1, 2, 3.. n2

a. Tm bin thin nng lng ca electron khi n chuyn t trng thi (mc) ng vi n=3 v trng thi ng vi n=1, v tnh bc sng ca bc x pht ra.

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b. Mt phtn c nng lng 16eV lm bt lectron ra khi nguyn t hidr trng thi c bn (n=1). Tm vn tc electron khi bt ra. Cu 11. Cho mt chm electron bn ph cc nguyn t H trng thi c bn kch thch chng. a. Xc nh vn tc cc tiu ca cc electron sao cho c th lm xut hin tt c cc vch ca quang ph pht x ca H b. Mun cho quang ph H ch c mt vch th nng lng ca electron phi nm trong khong no? Cu 12. Bit rng cc mc nng lng ca nguyn t Na l: E1=-5,14eV(trng thi c bn); E2=-3.03eV; E3=-1,93eV; E4=-1,51eV; E5=1,38eV; E6=-0,86eV 1. Nguyn t natri chuyn t trng thi kch thch v trng thi c bn v pht ra phtn c = 589nm . Hy ch ra s thay i nng lng tng ng vi cc mc nng lng lin quan. 2. Nguyn t Na c th hp th mt phtn c nng lng 3eV khng? V sao? 3. Nguyn t Na trng thi c bn va chm vi mt electron c nng lng 3eV. Trong qu trnh tng tc nguyn t thc t ng yn, ch chuyn t trng thi c bn ln trng thi kch thch u tin. Tm ng nng ca electron sau va chm.

Dng 6. Tm vn tc, s vng quay bn knh qu o dng, nng lng trong nguyn t hidr
Cu 1. Trong nguyn t H, bn knh qu o dng c tnh theo cng thc rn=n2r0 vi r0=5,3.10-11m, n l cc s nguyn dng 1, 2, 3 Hy tnh bn knh qu o th 5 v vn tc ca electron qu o Cu 2. Trong nguyn t H bn knh qu o dng v nng lng ca electron trn cc qu o c biu thc:
Eo rn = n 2 .ro ; E n = 2 n

Trong ro=5,3.10-11m; Eo=13,6(eV), n l cc s nguyn dng 1. Xc nh bn knh qu o th 2, th 3 v tnh vn tc ca electron trn cc qu o 2. Biu din cc chuyn di sau y trn s cc mc nng lng ca nguyn t H: a. T trng thi c bn u tin(n=1) n trng thi kch thch th hai (n=2) b. T trng thi th n=4 n trng thai n=2 c. Chuyn di vi s in ho khi nguyn t H trng thi c bn 3. Tnh bc sng ca cc phtn(pht x hoc hp th) tng ng vi cc chuyn- di trn.

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Cu 3. in t trong nguyn t H chuyn ng trn cc qu o trn do lc tng tc gia ht nhn v in t (Culng) a. Bit vn tc ca electron qu o th hai (L) l 2.106m/s. Tm vn tc ca electron trn qu o th 4(N) b. Cho bc sng ca cc vch , lam, chm trong quang ph H l:
= 0,6563m; = 0,4861m; = 0,434 m

Tm bc sng ca hai vch u tin trong dy Pasen. Cu 4. Nguyn t hidro gm mt ht nhn quay xung quanh n lc tng tc gia ht nhn v electron l lc culng Tm vn tc ca electron khi n chuyn ng trn qu o c bn knh r0=5,3.10-11m(qu o K). T tm s vng quay ca electron trong mt n v thi gian Bit: K=9.109Nm2/C2; me=9,1.10-31kg, e=1,6.10-19C Cu 5. Bit bn knh qu o dng th n nghim ng:
2r = n h mV

CMR: r=n2r0. Tnh r0 Bit: K=9.109Nm2/C2; me=9,1.10-31kg, e=1,6.10-19C, h=6,625.10-34Js Cu 6. Th nng ca electroon trong nguyn t Hidr l: Et=- K e (r l bn knh nguyn t)
r 2

Chng minh rng nng lng ca nguyn t Hidr trng thi dng th n l: E n =
13,6eV n2

Bit: K=9.109Nm2/C2; me=9,1.10-31kg, e=1,6.10-19C, h=6,625.10-34Js Cu 7. Trong nguyn t Hidr bn knh qu o dng v nng lng ca lectron trn cc qu o dng c biu thc:
Eo rn = n 2 ro ; E n = 2 n

Trong ro=5,3.10-11m, Eo=13,6(eV) a. Xc nh bn knh qu o th 2, 3 v tm vn tc lctron trn qu o . b. Tm bc sng gii hn ca dy Banme, bit rng cc vch ph ca dy Banme ng vi s di chuyn t trng thi n>2 v trng thi n=2 c. Bit bc sng ca 4 vch u tin trong dy Banme = 0,65m; = 0,486 m; = 0,434 m; = 0,41m , hy tnh cc bc sng ng vi 3 vch u tin ca dy Pasen thng qua cc bc sng . Cu 8. Nguyn t hidro gm mt ht nhn v mt electron quay xung quanh ht nhn ny. Lc tng tc gia ht nhn v electron l lc culng

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a. Tnh vn tc ca lectron ca electron khi n chuyn ng trn qu o c bn knh ro=5,3.10-11m (Qu o K). T tm s vng quay ca electron trong mt n v thi gian. b. Cho bit nng lng ca electron trong nguyn t hidr c biu thc: En=- 2 n - h: hng s Plng - R: Mt hng s - n s t nhin Cho bit bc sng di nht trong dy Laiman bng 1215A 0; bc sng ngn nht trong dy Banme bng 3650A0 - Tnh nng lng cn thit bt lectron ra khi nguyn t H khi n trn qu o K. - Tnh gi tr R.
Rh