BI TIU LUN:

QU TRNH V THIT B C HC

ti: Gii thiu v thit b phn ring vt liu ri

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn c Vinh

Danh sch nhm:
H v tn:

M s SV:

1.Trn Trng Tr

10162951

2.Nguyn Vn Thng

10142661

3.Bi Hu Vinh

10239731

4.Lm Ngc Trm

10069681

5.H Ngc Quyn

10217701

6.L Phc Ngc

10259501

7.Phm Ngc Trng

10069881

8.Nguyn Duy Tm

10238531

9.Giang nh Hnh

10253261

TP.HCM, Thng 10, 2011

MC LC
LI NI U.................................................................................................................... 2
I.GII THIU: .................................................................................................................. 3
II.S LC V QU TRNH P NGHIN: ........................................................ 3
II.1.Khi nim, ngha, thng s c bn: .................................................................... 3
II.2.Cc phng php nghin v phn loi my nghin .......................................... 3
III.QU TRNH V THIT B PHN RING VT LIU RI......................... 4
III.1.Khi nim, c s phn loi vt liu ...................................................................... 4
III.2.Phng php sng ................................................................................................... 5
III.2.1.Khi nim v sng................................................................................................. 5
III.2.2.Hiu sut sng........................................................................................................ 5
III.2.3.Cu to sng........................................................................................................... 6
III.2.4.Thit b phn ring in t ...............................................................................11
III.3.Ry.............................................................................................................................12
III.3.1.Khi nim .............................................................................................................13
III.3.2.My ry kiu t ...................................................................................................13
III.3.3.My ry hai tng .................................................................................................15
III.3.4.My ry ly tm ....................................................................................................16

LI NI U
Trong s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha nc ta, ngnh cng ngh
ha hc ngy cng pht trin v gp phn quan trng trong nn kinh t quc dn.
Ti cc x nghip, cng xng va v nh, cng nh cc nh my hin i, ta lun
s dng nhng my mc, thit b ha cht nhm thc hin nhng qu trnh cng
ngh nht nh.
Trong s nhng thit b v qu trnh thuc cng ngh ha hc, lnh vc phn
loi vt liu ri gi mt vai tr quan trng nht nh, cc loi my mc thit b v
nhng quy trnh phn loi c nghin cu v ci tin hng ngy. Chnh v vy,
nhm chng em nhn ph trch gii thiu v mt s thit b phn loi vt liu ri
v nguyn l lm vic ca chng trong bi tiu lun ny.
Bi tiu lun s dng nhng ti liu v cc qu trnh ry sng v cc s
thit b trong gio trnh Cc Qu Trnh v Thit B C Hc(xut bn 2009 v 2011),
v mt s hnh nh thc t t Internet.

I.GII THIU:
Vn tc phn ng, vn tc ha tan ca cht rn vo cht lng, hiu sut v
cng ca nhiu qu trnh ha hc,... u ph thuc vo kch thc v din tch
b mt ring ca ht.
V vy, trong cng nghip ha cht v thc phm ngi ta thng tin hnh
qu trnh gia cng ht vt liu t c nguyn liu c kch thc ht mong
mun.

II.S LC V QU TRNH P NGHIN:

II.1.Khi nim, ngha, thng s c bn:
p nghin l qu trnh tc dng c hc lm cho kch thc ca vt rn nh
li, tng din tch b mt ring ca n.
Trong cc dy chuyn sn xut ca nhiu ngnh cng nghip cn c nguyn
liu dng ht nh cung cp cho cc cng on ch bin. Qu trnh p nghin
c p dng rng ri trong cc ngnh ha hc v thc phm lm tng qu trnh
ha tan, qu trnh ha hc, qu trnh chy to sn phm ng nht, ... V d trong
sn xut xi-mng, clanh-ke t l nung ra phi cho vo nghin.
Qu trnh p nghin c c trng bng d nghin i l t s gia ng knh
D ca vt liu trc khi nghin vi ng knh d ca ht sau khi nghin:
i

D
d

Nhng thng kch thc ca ht khng c hnh dng xc nh, v vy kch

thc ht c xc nh thng qua kch thc l sng khi phn loi vt liu nghin.
II.2.Cc phng php nghin v phn loi my nghin
Ty theo kch thc ca vt trc v sau khi nghin m ngi ta phn loi cc
my nghin ra lm my nghin th, trung bnh, nh, mn v my nghin keo.
Cc loi my nghin u nghin nh vt liu bng mt hoc vi dng tc dng
c hc: 1.va p, 2.nn p, 3.mi mn, 4.ct, 5.ch xt
3

Trn thc t, ngi ta thng dng cch tng hp cc phng php nghin
trn, nh va chn p va p hoc va ch xt va p...ty theo tnh cht ca vt
liu.
La chn phng php nghin theo tnh cht ca liu:
Vt liu nghin

Phng php nghin

Cng v gin

Chn p, p

Cng do

Chn p

Dn, cng trung bnh

p, ch xt, ct

Do, cng trung bnh

p, ct

III.QU TRNH V THIT B PHN RING VT LIU RI

III.1.Khi nim, c s phn loi vt liu
phn ring cc ht rn sau khi nghin ra thnh cc ht c kch thc gn
ging nhau, ngi ta ng dng cc phng php phn loi

Sng

1- Phn loi da
vo kch thc
ca VL
Ry
CC PHNG PHP
PHN RING VT
LIU RI

bng pp kh ng
2- Phn loi da
vo khi lng
ring

bng pp tuyn ni
3- Phn lai theo
tnh dn in

III.2.Phng php sng

III.2.1.Khi nim v sng

i trng

khuu

L xo

H l xo

sng

im quay
sng
B
L xo
L xo

C CU SNG

Phng php sng thng c ng dng rng ri nht, n c th phn loi

c cc ht c ng knh t 250 1mm.
sng cc vt liu, ngi ta thng dng cc tm li kim loi hay nhng
tm kim loi c l trn hoc vung. Ngi ta thng k hiu mt sng theo cc s,
ch s thng ch chiu di cnh cu l, biu din bng mm. V d mt sng
No.5 l mt sng c l vung cnh 5mm.
phn loi cc ht c kch thc khc nhau c th dng h thng sng, kch
thc cc l mt sng nh dn t mt sng trn xung mt sng di, t l l sng
trn vi l sng di c mt gi tr khng i v gi l mun.
Cht lng ca qu trnh sng c biu din bi hiu sut sng. Vt liu n
sng gm cc ht c kch thc khc nhau, gm cc ht c kch thc c th lt qua
sng v cc ht khng th lt qua sng.

III.2.2.Hiu sut sng

Sau khi sng thu c sn phm nm di sng gm cc ht lt qua li, cn
trn sng l cc ht khng th lt qua mt sng. Thc t khi sng khng phi tt c
cc ht c kch thc nh hn l sng u lt qua, nn lng ht di sng bao gi
cng nh hn lng ht c kch thc lt qua mt sng.
5

T l lng ht qua sng vi lng ht c th lt qua sng ta gi l hiu sut

sng, tnh bng phn trm
E 100

M1
,%
M .a

M-khi lng vt liu ban u cho vo sng,kg

M1-Khi lng sn phm di sng,kg
a-Khi lng ht c th lt qua sng lc u,%
Ty thuc vo v cu ta sng, hiu sut thng thay i trong khong 6070%, ti a l 90%
Nhng yu t nh hng n hiu sut sng:
Hnh dng v kch thc l sng
Chiu dy lp vt liu trn sng
m vt liu
Vn tc v c trng chuyn ng trn sng

III.2.3.Cu to sng

Ngi ta c th phn sng theo cc cch sau y:

Theo cch lm vic, chia ra sng ng yn hoc sng chuyn ng
6

 Theo hnh dng ca li, chia ra loi hnh phng v loi hnh thng
Theo l li, chia ra loi rnh v loi l
a) Sng ng yn
Thc t t dng v nng sut thp, cu to gm tm thp c cc rnh t
nghing mt gc 20-25%. Vt liu c vo li trn sng, cc ht nh
i qua l sng xung di, ht to trt theo l sng i ra mt pha.
b) Sng chuyn ng
C loi a, loi trc ln, loi thng, loi xch...
Sng a: dng sng cc ht vt liu tng i ln. Sng gm dy a
lp trn trc nm ngang, sao cho gia cc a to thnh khe h cc vt
liu i qua khi a quay. Kch thc gia cc t vt liu qua sng ng vi
khong cch gia cc a.
Sng xch: dng phn chia mt lng ln cc vt liu c kch thc
ln, ch yu dng trong khai thc qung. Cu to gm nhiu xch chuyn
ng theo trc ln. Vt liu i vo khe h gia cc mt xch. Vt liu ln
khng i qua khe h c a v u sng.

Sng xch
7

Sng hnh thng: c kiu hnh tr t nghing mt gc 29 o, c kiu hnh

nn, trong vt liu chuyn ng theo dc ca hnh nn, c kiu hnh
lng tr 6 hay 8 cnh.
Sng ny c th lp li c l khc nhau v lp theo 2 cch:
Cch th nht lp ni tip theo chiu di ca thng, u thng t
li c l b nht, cui thng lp li c l ln nht.
Cch th hai lp ng tm, vt liu i vo thng trong cng c l
ln nht, sau khi qua l vt liu i vo sng ng tm c ng
knh ngn hn v l nh hn, c tip tc nh th ra n ngoi
Sng hnh thng c nhc im l phn loi vt liu km hn loi sng rung
hay sng lc nn n khng dng phn loi cc ht nh, ngoi ra n cn c
nhc im l khng s dng ht b mt sng, nng, n o v to nhiu bi.

Sng hnh thng

Sng lc: l loi rt ph bin, cu to ca n gm mt hp ch nht trong

c lp li l. Sng chuyn ng nh bnh xe lch hay c cu cam. Sng dt
nghing mt gc 714 o.
u im: nng sut cao so vi sng hnh thng, chc chn, s dng v lp
ghp d dng, vt liu t b p nh.
Nhc im: cu to khng cn bng nn lm rung chuyn nn nh, v th
loi sng ny khng c t cc tng trn.

Sng lc

Sng rung: l loi sng dn dn c thay th cho sng hnh thng. sng c
th lp phng hay nghing i mt gc . sng rung nh c cu c bit. S ln rung
ca sng l khong 900 1500 trong 1 pht ( i khi n 3600),bin d giao ng
khong 0,5 13mm. Do khng b gi cng hon ton hay mt phn cc b phn
ca sng, nn s giao ng cc im trn b mt sng khng ng nht v ph
thuc vo tc d gc ca trc,v s n hi ca l xo, vo s chuyn ng ca
sng v vt liu..v.v...
Mt s loi sng rung:

10

III.2.4.Thit b phn ring in t

ng thot
bi

Trng
quay

Tp cht
st t

Nam
chm
c
nh

Thnh phn
cha phn
c

Ht sch

tch cc vt liu bng thp, gang ln vo trong vt liu nghin c th gy

hng my, ngi ta dng thit b phn ring in t, thit b ny c t u
bng ti vt liu. Thit b l mt ci thng bng ng thau, trong t lch tm mt
nam chm in c nh, dng dng in mt chiu i qua c trc ca chng.
Khi quay, b mt sng st cc ca nam chm in, st vn trong vng t
trng mnh s b gi li trn b mt thng. Khi phn b mt thng ra hi tc dng
ca in t trng, vt liu st khng b ht na nn ri xung di bn ngoi
thng v c ly ra ngoi.
Mt s my phn ring in t:

11

My tch in t HGMS

My kh t

III.3.Ry

12

III.3.1.Khi nim
My ry dng phn loi cc sn phm nghin t ht, cc loi bt mn.
B phn ch yu ca my l thn ry, gm nhng khung g (inox) xp ci n
ln ci kia. Trn cc khung c cng nhng li nm ngang. Li c lm bng:
T an: u im l l ry nh, khng sinh nhit khi ma st. Nhng nhc
im l d ht m lm bt kn l.
Kim loi: khng ht m nhng sinh nhit khi ma st
Kapzng: khng sinh nhit v khng ht m nhng n hi
Thn ry thc hin chuyn ng tnh tin trn trong mt phng nm ngang.
Sn phm nghin c dch chuyn t trn xung di, t khung ny n khung
khc (c phn ring ra mt s thnh phn khc nhau v ln ca ht).
Theo nguyn tc cn bng ca cc khi lng chuyn ng tnh tin va ftheo
phng php treo ca cc con lc, ngi ta chia cc loi my ry ra nh sau:

III.3.2.My ry kiu t
My gm t, c cu cn bng, ng c in, cc b phn np phn phi v b
phn tho liu. Phn chnh ca t l mt ng thp trn c hn bn tm thp
vung gc vi nhau, chia t ea lm bn ngn ring bit, ng thi chng to nn b
khung chu ti ca my ry. Khung ry v khung ch c y vo trong cc hp
phn phi n ch ta theo nhng thanh hng dn. Pha ngoi khung c p cht
bi thnh pha trong ca cc cuwarkhi ng ca th khung c p gia cc hp
phn phi v ca, cn nhng ch ni c bt kn hon ton nh bnh lch tm
bn l ca.
Trn np tu c lp bn b phn np phn phi, hn hp ban u t nhng hp
np liu i vo cc b phn ny qua cc ti vi.

13

Trong cc my ry, lng ht lt ry (hoc nng sut) ln nht t c khi

bin dao ng A = 25mm v s vng quay ca my n=230 250 vg/ph. Trong
thc t, ngi ta chn A = 45mm, v n = 210 vg/ph, v tong my ry ngoi bt ra
cn c nhng sn phm ln hn nm li trn mt ry nhng vi vn tc tng i
ln th chng cng c th lt ry.
Chiu dy ca lp vt liu trn mt ry cng c nh hng n cng ry.
i vi a s sn phm nghin t hatjthif chiu dy thch hp c lp vt kiu trn
mt ry phi nm trong khong 15 24 mm.
Cng sut ti thiu ca cc trn trc ca my ry c th xc nh theo cng
thc:
N = N1 + N2 + N3
Trong :
N1 - cng sut cn thit thng ma st ca vt liu vi mt ry v y gp;
N2 - cng sut cn thit thng ma st trong trc di ca c cu truyn
ng
N3 cng sut cn thit thng ma st vi khng kh (tn tht v qut) v
ma st ti cc chi tit my v.v...

14

III.3.3.My ry hai tng

Cng dng: phn loi vt liu theo kch thc ht v nguyn l ry (sng) vt
liu qua li
Li sng v thng c lm bng inox. C th chnh i trng phn loi
cc vt liu khc nhau

My ry tng

15

V d v mt my ry c cc thng s k thut
Nng sut max

500kg/h

ng knh thng bao

F800x135

Motor

1HP, 1450V/ph

S tn rung

02

S li

01

C li

0.5 - 1- 1.5 2.5

in p s dng

220/380V, 3 pha

Kch thc my

D935xR815xC1335 (mm)

III.3.4.My ry ly tm
c s dng kt cu dng nm, linh kin ch yu s dng l inox AIS304
ch to, chuyn ng bnh n, thao tc lin tc, n gin v s dng tm ry inox
c ch, kt cu hnh ba, hiu qu khp kn tt, cht lng ry tt, l thit b ry l
tng cho cc ngnh lng bt.

My ry ly tm

16