Phm Ngc Dng

Phng php 1

Phng php s dng cng thc kinh nghim

I. PHNG PHP GII
1. N dung phng php
Xt bi ton tng qut quen thuc:
M0

O2
(1)

hn hp rn (M, MxOy)

m gam

+ HNO3 (H2SO4 c, nng)

(2)

m1 gam

M+n + N (S)
(n: max)

Gi:
S mol kim loi l a
S oxi ha cao nht (max) ca kim loi l n
S mol electron nhn (2) l t mol
Ta c:

M
a mol

ne M+n
na mol

n e nhng = na (mol)

Mt khc:
ne nhn = ne (oxi) + ne (2)
=

m1 m
m m
.2+t = 1
+t
16
8

Theo nh lut bo ton electron: n e nhng = n e nhn na =

m1 m
+t
8

Nhn c 2 v vi M ta c:
(M.a)n =

M.(m1 m)
M.m1 M.n
+ M.t m.n =
+ M.t
8
8
8

Cui cng ta c:
M
.m1 M.t
m= 8
(1)
M
n
8

ng vi M l Fe (56), n = 3 ta c: m = 0,7.m 1 + 5,6.t (2)

ng vi M l Cu (64), n = 2 ta c: m = 0,8.m1 + 6,4.t (3)
T (2, 3) ta thy:
Bi ton c 3 i lng: m, m1 v n e nhn (hoc Vkh (2))
Khi bit 2 trong 3 i lng trn ta tnh c ngay i lng cn li.
giai on (2) bi c th cho s mol, th tch hoc khi lng ca mt kh hoc
nhiu kh; giai on (1) c th cho s lng cht rn c th l cc oxit hoc hn hp gm
kim loi d v cc oxit.
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Phm Ngc Dng

2. Phm vi p dng v mt s ch

Ch dng khi HNO3 (hoc H 2SO4 c nng) ly d hoc va .

Cng thc kinh nghim trn ch p dng vi 2 kim loi Fe v Cu.

3. Cc bc gii
Tm tng s mol electron nhn giai on kh N+5 hoc S+6.
Tm tng khi lng hn hp rn (kim loi v oxit kim loi): m1
p dng cng thc (2) hoc (3).

II TH D MINH HA
Th d 1. t chy hon ton 5,6 gam bt Fe trong bnh O2 thu c 7,36 gam hn
hp X gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4 v mt phn Fe cn d. Ha tan hon ton lng hn hp X
trn vo dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt hn hp kh Y gm NO2 v NO c t khi so
vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,896.

B. 0,672.

C. 1,792

D. 0,448

Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc (2): 5,6 = 0,7. 7,36 + 5,6 n e nhan (2)

enhan (2)

= 0,08

T d Y/H = 19 n NO = nNO = x
2

2 N + 4e N + N

4x

4x = 0,08 x = 0,02

Vy: V = 22,4. 0,02. 2 = 0,896 lt p n A.

Th d 2. m gam bt Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu dc 11,28 gam hn
hp X gm 4 cht. Ha tan ht X trong lng d dung dch HNO3 thu c 672ml kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,6.

B. 11,2.

C. 7,0.

D. 8,4.

Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc (2):
N+5 + 3e N+2
0,09

0,03

e nhn

= 0,09 m = 0,7. 11,28 + 5,6.0,09 = 8,4gam

p n D.

Th d 3. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung

dch HNO3 long, d thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm 1 kh duy nht, o ktc) v dung
dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 49,09.

B. 35,50.

C. 38,72.

D. 34,36.

Phm Ngc Dng

Hng dn gii
p dng cng thc (2):
N+5 + 3e N+3
0,18

0,06

n Fe( NO3 )3 = n Fe =

e nhn

= 0,18

0, 7.11,36 5, 6.0,18
= 0,16
56

m = 242 . 0,16 = 38,72gam

p n C.
Th d 4. Cho 11,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 vo dung dch HNO3 long, d thu
c V lt kh Y gm NO v NO2 c t khi so vi H2 bng 19. Mt khc, nu cho cng lng
hn hp X trn tc dng vi kh CO nng d th sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
9,52 gam Fe. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,40.

B. 2,80.

C. 5,60.

D. 4,20.

Hng dn gii:

T d Y/H = 19 n NO n NO x n e nhn = 4x
2

p dng cng thc: 9,52 = 0,7. 11,6 + 5,6. 4x x = 0,0625

V = 22,4. 0,0625. 2 = 2,80 lt p n B.
Th d 5. Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 24,8 gam hn hp cht rn X gm Cu,
CuO v Cu2O. Ho tan hon ton X trong H2SO4 c nng 1 thot ra 4,48 lt kh SO2 (sn
phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,6.

B. 14,72.

C. 21,12.

D. 22,4.

Hng dn gii:

S ha bi ton: Cu

O2
(1)

H2SO4
(2)

Cu +2 + S+4

p dng cng thc (3): m = 0,8.mrn + 6 4.ne nhn (2) m = 0,8.24,8 + 6,4.0,2.2 = 22,4gam
p n D.
III. BI TP P DNG
1. m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thy khi lng ca hn hp thu
c l 12 gam. Ha tan hn hp ny trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 2,24 lt kh NO (sn
phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,6 gam.
B. 10,08 gam.
C. 11,84 gam.
D. 14,95 gam.
2. Ha tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp X (Fe, Fe2O3) trong dung dch HNO3 va c 1,12
lt NO ( ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
d c kt ta Z. Nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 12 gam.
B. 16 gam.
C. 11,2 gam.
D. 19,2 gam.
3. Ha tan ht m gam hn hp Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong dung dch HNO3 c, nng d c
448 ml kh NO2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c 14,52 gam mui khan. Gi tr
ca m l
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Phm Ngc Dng

A. 3,36 gam.

B. 4,28 gam.

C. 4,64 gam.

D. 4,80 gam.

4. t chy hon ton 5,6 gam bt Fe trong mt bnh oxi thu c 7,36 gam hn hp X gm
Fe2O3, Fe3O4 v mt phn Fe d. Ha tan hon ton hn hp X bng dung dch HNO3 thu
c V lt hn hp kh Y gm NO2 v NO c t khi so vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V
A. 0,896 lt.

B. 0,672 lt.

C. 0,448 lt.

D. 1,08 lt.

5. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nng. Sau mt thi gian thu
c 13,92 gam hn hp X gm 4 cht. Ha tan ht X bng HNO3 c, nng d c 5,824
lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 16 gam.
B. 32 gam.
C. 48 gam.
D. 64 gam.
6. Cho 11,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 vo dung dch HNO3 long, d c V lt kh
Y gm NO v NO2 c t khi hi so vi H2 l 19. Mt khc, nu cho cng lng hn hp X
trn tc dng vi kh CO d th sau khi phn ng hon ton c 9,52 gam Fe. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,8 lt.

B. 5,6 lt.

C. 1,4 lt.

D. 1,344 lt.

7. Nung m gam bt ng kim loi trong oxi thu c 24,8 gam hn hp rn X gm Cu, CuO
v Cu2O. Ha tan hon ton X trong H2SO4 c nng thot ra 4,48 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh
duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,6 gam.

B. 14,72 gam.

C. 21,12 gam.

D. 22,4 gam.

8. Ha tan hon ton 18,16 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Fe3O4 trong 2 lt dung dch HNO3 2M
thu c dung dch Y v 4,704 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Phn trm khi
lng Fe trong hn hp X l
A. 38,23%.

B. 61,67%.

C. 64,67%.

D. 35,24%.

9. Cho m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 3,2M. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton c 0,1 mol kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v cn li 1,46 gam kim
loi khng tan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 17,04 gam.

B. 19,20 gam.

C. 18,50 gam.

D. 20,50 gam.

10. m gam Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian c 7,52 gam hn hp X gm 4 cht. Ha

tan ht X trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng d c 0,672 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn cn thn dung dch Y c m 1 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m
v m1 ln rt l
A. 7 gam v 25 gam.

C. 4,48 gam v 16 gam.

B. 4,2 gam v 1,5 gam.

D. 5,6 gam v 20 gam.

11. Cho 5,584 gam hn hp bt Fe v Fe3O4 tc dng va vi 500 ml dung dch HNO3
long. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c 0,3136 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc) v dung dch X. Nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO3 l
A. 0,472M.

B. 0,152M

C. 3,04M.

D. 0,304M.

12. kh hon ton 9,12 gam hn hp cc oxit: FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 cn 3,36 lt kh H2
(ktc). Nu ha tan 9,12 gam hn hp trn bng H2SO4 c, nng d th th tch kh SO2 (sn
phm kh duy nht, ktc) thu c ti a l
A. 280 ml.

B. 560 ml.

C. 672 ml.

D. 896 ml.

13. Cho kh CO i qua ng s ng 16 gam Fe2O3 un nng, sau khi phn ng thu c hn
hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 Ha tan hon ton X bng H2SO4, c, nng thu c
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Phm Ngc Dng

dung dch Y. Khi lng mui trong Y l:
A. 20 gam.
B. 32 gam.
C. 40 gam.
D. 48 gam.
14. Ha tan 11,2 gam kim loi M trong dung dch HCI (d), thu c 4,48 lt ( ktc) H2. Cn
nu ho tan hn hp X gm 11,2 gam kim loi M v 69,6 gam oxit MxOy trong lng d dung
dch HNO3 th c 6,72 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca oxit kim
loi l
A. Fe3O4.

B. FeO.

C. Cr2O3

D. CrO

15. Cho 37 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe3O4 tc dng vi 640 ml dung dch HNO3 2M long,
un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,92 gam kim loi. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt.

B. 4,48 lt.

C. 3,36 lt.

D. 6,72 lt.

16. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s cha 0,12 mol hn hp gm FeO v Fe2O3 nung nng,
phn ng to ra 0,138 mol CO2. Hn hp cht rn cn li trong ng nng 14,352 gam gm 4
cht. Ha tan ht hn hp 4 cht ny vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm
kh duy nht ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,244 lt.

B. 0,672 lt.

C. 2,285 lt.

D. 6,854 lt.

17. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng 5,8 gam FexOy nung nng trong mt thi gian thu
c hn hp kh X v cht rn Y. Cho Y tc ng vi dung dch HNO3 d c dung dch Z
v 0,784 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch Z c 18,15 gam
mui khan. Ha tan Y bng HCl d thy c 0,672 lt kh ( ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca st
trong Y l
A. 67,44%.
B. 32,56%.
C. 40,72%.
D. 59,28%.
18. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng 30,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3 v FeO nung nng
trong mt thi gian thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Ha tan ht Y trong HNO3 va c dung
dch Z. Nhng thanh ng vo dung dch Z n phn ng hon ton thy khi lng thanh
ng gim 12,8 gam. Phn trm khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp X ln lt bng
A. 33,3% v 66,7%.

B. 61,3% v 38,7%.

C. 52,6% v 47,4%.

D. 75% v 25%.

19. Ha tan hon ton m gam Fe3O4 trong dung dch HNO3, ton b lng kh NO thot ra
em trn vi lng O2 va hn hp hp th hon ton trong nc c dung dch
HNO3. Bit th tch oxi tham gia vo qu trnh trn l 336 ml ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 34,8 gam.

B. 13,92 gam.

C. 23,2 gam.

D. 20,88 gam.

20. Thi t t V lt hn hp kh CO v H2 c t khi hi so vi H2 l 7,5 qua mt ng s ng

16,8 gam hn hp 3 oxit CuO, Fe3O4, Al2O3 nung nng. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh
v hi c t khi so vi H2 l 15,5. Dn hn hp kh ny vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy c
5 gam kt ta. Th tch V ( ktc) v khi lng cht rn cn li trong ng s ln lt l
A. 0,448 lt; 16,48 gam.

C. 1,568 lt; 15,68 gam

B. 1,12 lt; 16 gam.

D. 2,24 lt; 15,2 gam.

III. P N

1.B

2.C

3.C

4.A

5.A

6.A

7.D

8.B

9.C

10.D

11.A

12.C

13.C

14.A

15.B

16.C

17.B

18.C

19.B

20.D

Phm Ngc Dng