Phan Loai Phuong Trinh Mu - Logarith

Phn loi v phng php gii ton 12 www.MATHVN.com www.MATHVN.com www.MATHVN.com www.MATHVN.com Ths.
L Vn on

Chng II. Hm s m Hm s ly tha Hm s Logarit www.mathvn.com - 1 -
HM S LY THA HM S M V HM S LOGARIT
2 22 2
Chng

Bi 1: LY THA CC PHP TNH V LY THA VI HM S THC

1. Kin thc c bn

Gi a v b l nhng s thc dng, x v y l nhng s thc ty

O . . .....
n
a a a a a =

O
x
x
x
a a
b b
1

=

( )

O .
x y x y
a a a

=
O
x
y
x y
a a =
O
1
x
x y n
y n
a
a a
a a

= =
O
( )
( )

0
0
1 1 ,
0
u x
u x x
x
'
1
1
1 l
= =
!
l
l
1
1
1+

O
( ) ( )
.
y x
x y x y
a a a = =
O .
n n n
a b ab =
O
( )
. .
x
x x
a b a b =
G
( )
m
n n m
a a =

2. Lu

Nu 0 a < th
x
a ch xc nh khi x .
Nu 1 a th a a

.
Nu 0 1 a < < th a a

< .

( )
n
1
lim 1 2, 718281828459045...
n
x
e
n
1

=

( )
.
so snh
1
s
a v
2
s
b . Ta s a 2 cn cho v cng bc n (vi n l bi s chung ca s
1
v s
2
) Hai
s so snh mi ln lt l A
n
v B
n
. T so snh A v B kt qu so snh ca
1
s
a v
2
s
b .
Cng thc li kp: Gi A l s tin gi, r l li sut mi k, N l s k S tin thu c (c vn ln li)
l:
( )
1
N
C A r = .

3. Bi tp p dng

Bi 1. Vi , a b l cc s thc dng. Hy rt gn cc biu thc sau:

1/
9 2 6 4
7 7 5 5
8 : 8 3 .3 A
1 1

=

( ) ( )
2/
( ) ( )
3 1 3 4
0
3 2
2 .2 5 .5
10 : 10 0, 25
B

3/
( )
4
2 3
5 4
5 0, 2 C
1 1

=

( ) ( )
4/
1 3
3 5
0,75
1 1
81
125 32
D

1 1

=

( ) ( )

5/
( ) ( )
1 2 2
2 2
0
3 3 3
0, 001 2 .64 8 9 E

= 6/
2 3 5 5
2 .8 F

=
n sa
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com
Ths. L Vn on www.MATHVN.com www.MATHVN.com www.MATHVN.com www.MATHVN.com Phn loi v phng php gii ton 12

- 2 - www.mathvn.com www.mathvn.com www.mathvn.com www.mathvn.com Chng II. Hm s m Hm s ly tha Hm s Logarit
7/
2
3 4
3. 3 : 3 G
1

=

( )
8/
2 7
2 7 1 7
10
2 .5
H

=
9/
( ) ( )
2
1,5
3
0, 04 0,125 I

= 10/
( )
0,75
5
2
1
0, 25
16
J
1

=

( )

11/
( ) ( )
4
0,75
2
3
1,5
3
5 4
9 2 6 4 5 3
7 7 5 5 2 4
1 1
. 0,04 0,125
16 8
8 : 8 3 .3 . 5 0,2
K
l
l
l 1 1
l
l

l l

( ) ( )
l
l l
l
=
l
l 1 1
l

l

l

l

l
( ) ( )
l
l
l
l
12/
1 9 1 3
2
1 1
4 4 2 2
2 2
1 5 1 1
4 4 2 2
1 2 : .
b b a a b b
L a b
a a
a a b b
1
l
1
1

l

= l

l
( ) ( )
l
l ( )

13/
4 1 1 1 1
3 6 3
3 3 2 3 6
: : . . . : M a a a a a a a a a
l l 1 1

l l

=

l l

( ) ( ) l l
l l
14/
( )
3 5
3 2 1 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2
2 5 1 5
6
4 .2 .2 : 25 5 .5
2 .3
N

( )

15/
2
3 4
3. 3 : 3 O
1

=

( )
16/
( )
3 3 2 2
1
6 6 6
3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
2
a b ab a b
P a b a
a ab b a b
l

l
=
l
l

l

Bi 2. Hy so snh cc cp s sau:

1/
3
4
v
2
4
2/
3
2 v
1,7
2 3/
2
2
v 1 4/
( )
1
0, 013

v 1
5/
1,4
1
2
1

( )
v
2
1
2
1

( )
6/
1
9

( )
v
3,14
1
9
1

( )
7/
2
1
3
1

( )
v
3
1
3
1

( )
8/
3
10 v
5
20
9/
4
5 v
3
7 10/ 17 v
3
28 11/
4
13 v
5
23 12/
5
4 v
7
4
13/
( )
2
0, 01

v
( )
2
10

14/
2
4

( )
v
6
4

( )
15/
2 3
5
v
3 2
5
14/
300
5 v
300
8
15/
( )
3
0, 001

v
3
100 16/
2
4 v
( )
2
0,125

17/
( )
3
2
v
( )
5
2
18/
4
4
5

( )
v
5
5
4
1

( )

19/
10
0, 02
v
11
50 20/
5
2
2

( )
v
10
3
2

( )
21/
2
3
5

( )
v
2
2
2

( )
22/
( )
1
4
3 1 v
( )
2
2
3 1

Bi 3. So snh hai s , m n nu:
1/ 3, 2
m
< 3, 2
n
2/
( )
2
m
>
( )
2
n
3/
1
9
m
1

( )
v
1
9
n
1

( )
4/
3
2
m
1

( )
>
3
2
n
1

( )

5/
( )
5 1
m
<
( )
5 1
n
6/
( )
2 1
m
<
( )
2 1
n

Bi 4. C th kt lun g v c s a nu:
1/
( ) ( )
2 1
3 3
1 1 a a

< 2/
( ) ( )
3 1
2 1 2 1 a a

3/
0,2
2
1
a
a
1

<

( )

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com
Phn loi v phng php gii ton 12 www.MATHVN.com www.MATHVN.com www.MATHVN.com www.MATHVN.com Ths. L Vn on

4/
( ) ( )
1 1
3 2
1 1 a a

5/
( ) ( )
3
2
4
2 2 a a 6/
1 1
2 2
1 1
a a
1 1

( ) ( )

7/
3 7
a a < 8/
1 1
17 8
a a

< 9/
0,25 3
a a

<
Bi 5. n gin cc biu thc sau:

1/
( ) ( )
3 2
3
7 2 7
1 . . . 7 .
8 7 14
A
1 1 1

=

( ) ( ) ( )
2/
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 6
4
6 4
2
3 . 15 .8
9 . 5 . 6
B

=

3/
3 2
2 3
4 8 C = 4/
2
3
5
2
32 D
1

=

( )

5/
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
7 3
4
4 5
18 .2 . 50
25 . 4
E

=

6/
( ) ( )
( )
3 3
6
4
2
3
125 . 16 . 2
25 . 5
F

=
l
l
l
l

7/
( )
( ) ( )
2
3 1 3 4
0 3
3 2 2
2 .2 5 .5 0, 01
10 : 10 0,25 10 . 0, 01
G

=

8/
1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3
4 10 25 2 5 H
1 1

=

( )( )

9/
4
3 5 4
3
4. 64. 2
32
I
1

( )
= 10/
5 5 5
2
3 5
81. 3. 9. 12
3 . 18. 27. 6
J =
1

( )

Bi 6. Vit cc biu thc sau vi dng ly tha vi s m hu t:

1/
( )
4 3 2
. , 0 A x x x = 2/
( )
5 3
. , , 0
b a
B a b
a b
= 3/
5 3
2. 2 2 C =
4/
3 3
2 3 2
. .
3 2 3
D = 5/
4 3 8
E a = 6/
5 2
3
b b
F
b b
=

Bi 7. n gin cc biu thc sau:

1/
1,5 1,5
0,5 0,5
0,5
0,5 0,5
0,5 0,5
.
2.
a b
a b
b
a b
A
a b a b
=

2/
0,5 0,5 0,5
0,5 0,5
2 2 1
.
1 2 1
a a a
B
a a a a
1

=

( )

3/
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
1 1
2 2
3 3
.
2
x y x y x y
C
x y
x y
1

=

1

( ) ( )
4/
1 1 1 1 3 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
2
.
x y x y x y y
D
x y x y
xy x y xy x y
1

( )

5/
1 2 2 1 2 4
3 3 3 3 3 3
. E a b a a a b
1 1

=

( ) ( )
6/
1 1 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4 2 2
. . F a b a b a b
1 1 1

=

( ) ( ) ( )

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

7/
1 1 1
2 2 2
1 1
2 2
2 2 1
.
1
2
a a a
G
a
a a a
1

( )
8/
( )
( )
( )
1
1
2 2 2
2
1
1
. 1
2
a b c
b c a
H a b c
bc
a b c
1

=

( )

9/
3 3
6 6
a b
I
a b
10/
4
:
ab ab b
J ab
a b
a ab
1

=

( )

11/
4
4 2
2
4
2
a x x a
K a x a x
a x ax
1

( )
12/
3 3 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
6
6 6
2
a x ax a x
a x a ax x
L x
a x

13/
3
4 4 3 3
4 4
1 1
1 1
x x x
M
x x
x x
x x
l
l
l
l
l
=
l 1 1

l

l

l
( )( )
l
14/
3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
3
3 3 3 3 2
2
:
a a a b a b a b ab
N a
a b a ab
l

l
=
l
l
l

15/
5
3 3
2 5
5 2 10
2 27.
3. 32 2 .3
2 3
y
O y
y
l 1

l

l
=

l

( )
l
l
16/
1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3
1 1 2 1 1 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
8 2
6
2 4 2
b a a b a b
P
a b a a b b

1

( )

17/
3
2
1 1 2 3
4 4
3 8 3
:
a b a
Q a b
b a a b
l
l 1 1
1
l

=

l

( ) l
( ) ( )
l
l
18/
( ) ( )
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2 1
4
a b
R a b ab
b a
l
1
l

l =

l

( )
l
l

Bi 8. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1/
5
4 1024
x
= 2/
1
5 2 8
.
2 5 125
x
1

=

( )
3/
1 3
1
8
32
x
=
4/
( )
2
2
1
3 3
9
x
x

1

=

( )
5/
2 8 27
.
9 27 64
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )
6/
2
5 6
3
1
2
x x
1

=

( )

7/
2 8
1 0, 25
.32
0,125
8
x
x
1

=

( )
8/ 0, 2 0, 008
x
= 9/
3 7 7 3
9 7
49 3
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )

10/ 5 .2 0, 001
x x
= 11/
( ) ( )
1
12 3
6
x x
= 12/
1 1
1
7 .4
28
x x
=

Bi 9. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
1/ 0,1 100
x
2/
3
1
0, 04
5
x
1

( )
3/
100
0, 3
9
x

4/
2
7 . 49
x
5/
2
1 1
9
3 27
x
1

<

( )
6/
1
3
9 3
x
<
7/
( )
1
3. 3
27
x
8/
1
1
27 .3
3
x x
< 9/
3
1
2 1
64
x
1

( )

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com


1/
2
2 2 20
x x
= 2/
1
3 3 12
x x
= 3/
1
5 5 30
x x
=
4/
1 1
4 4 4 84
x x x
= 5/
2
4 24.4 128 0
x x
= 6/
1 2 1
4 2 48
x x
=
7/ 3.9 2.9 5 0
x x
= 8/
2
5 6
3 1
x x
= 9/
1
4 2 24 0
x x
=
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Bi 2: LOGARIT

1. Kin thc c bn

a/ nh ngha
Vi 0, 1, 0 a a b ta c: log
a
b a b
= = . Ch : log
a
b

c ngha khi
0, 1
0
a a
b
'
1
1
!
1
1
+

Logarit thp phn:
10
lg log log b b b = =
Logarit t nhin (logarit Nepe): ln log
e
b b =

b/ Tnh cht

Cho 0, 1 a a v , 0 b c . Khi :
Nu 1 a th log log
a a
b c b c Nu 0 1 a < < th log log
a a
b c b c <
O log 1 0
a
= O log 1
a
a = O log
b
a
a b = O
log
a
b
a b =

c/ Cc qui tc tnh logarit

Cho 0, 1 a a v , 0 b c . Ta c:

O
( )
log . log log
a a a
b c b c =
O log log log
a a a
b
b c
c
1

=

( )

O log . log
a a
b b
= O
2
log 2 log
a a
b b =

d/ Cc cng thc i c s

Cho , , 0 a b c v , 1 a b . Ta c:
O
log
log log . log log
log
a
b a b a
a
c
c b c c
b
= = O
1
log
log
a
b
b
a
= ,
ln
log
ln
a
b
b
a
=
O
( )
1
log . log , 0
a
a
b b
=
O
1
log log
a
a
b b =
O
1
log
1 1
log log
ab
a b
c
c c
=

O
log log c a
b b
a c =

2. Bi tp p dng

Bi 1. Thc hin cc php tnh sau:
1/
2 1
4
log 4. log 2 A = 2/
5 27
1
log . log 9
25
B = 3/
3
log
a
C a =
4/
3 2
log 2
log 3
4 9 D = 5/
2 2
log 8 E = 6/
9 8
log 2 log 27
27 4 F =
7/
3 4
1
3
7
1
log . log
log
a a
a
a a
G
a
= 8/
3 8 6
log 6. log 9. log 2 H = 9/
3 81
2 log 2 4 log 5
9 I

=
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

10/
3 9 9
log 5 log 36 4log 7
81 27 3 J = 11/
7 5
log 8 log 6
25 49 K = 12/
5
3 2 log 4
5 L

=
13/
6 8
1 1
log 3 log 4
9 4 M = 14/
9 2 125
1 log 4 2 log 3 log 27
3 4 5 N

=
15/
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
lg tan1 lg tan2 ... lg tan89 P = 16/
( ) ( )
8 4 2 2 3 4
log log log 16 . log log log 64 Q
l l
=
l l
l l

17/
( )
3
5 log 2
3
3 log log28 R = 18/
3
1 1 1
3 3 3
1
2 log 6 log 400 3 log 45
2
S =
Bi 2. Thc hin php bin i theo yu cu bi ton.

1/ Cho
12
log 27 a = . Tnh
6
log 16 theo a .
2/ Cho
2
log 14 a = . Tnh
49 7
log 32 v
49
log 32 theo a .
3/ Cho
2 2
log 5 ; log 3 a b = = . Tnh
3
log 135 theo , a b .
4/ Cho
15
log 3 a = . Tnh
25
log 15theo a .
5/ Cho log 3
a
b = . Tnh
3
log
b
a
b
a

6/ Cho lg 3 0, 477 = . Tnh
( )
81
1
lg 9000; lg 0, 000027 ;
log 100
.
7/ Cho log 5
a
b = . Tnh log
ab
b
a

8/ Cho
7
log 2 a = . Tnh
1
2
log 28 theo a .
9/ Cho log 13
a
b = . Tnh
3 2
log
b
a
ab .
10/ Cho
25 2
3
5
49
log
8
theo , a b .
11/ Cho lg 3 ; lg2 a b = = . Tnh
125
log 30 theo , a b .
12/ Cho
30 30
30
log 1350 theo , a b .
13/ Cho
14 14
35
log 28 theo , a b .
14/ Cho
2 3 7
log 3 ; log 5 ; log 2 a b c = = = . Tnh
140
log 63 theo , , a b c .
15/ Cho log 7
a
b = . Tnh
3
log
a b
a
b

16/ Cho
27 8 2
log 5 ; log 7 ; log 3 a b c = = = . Tnh
6
log 35 theo , , a b c .
17/ Cho
49 2
log 11 ; log 7 a b = = . Tnh
3
7
121
log
8
theo , a b .
Bi 3. Cho 0, 1 a a . Chng minh rng:
( )
( )
( )

1
log 1 log 2 ( )
a a
a a

HD: Xt
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) 1 1 1
1 1
log 2 log 2 log
log 2 . log
2 log 1
a a a
a a
a
a a a
A a a
a

= =

( )
( )
( )
( )
2
1 1
log 2 log 1
1
2 2
a a
a a a

l

l
l
= < = (pcm).
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Bi 4. So snh cc cp s sau:

1/
3
log 4 v
4
1
log
3
2/
3
0,1
log 2 v
0,2
log 0, 34 3/
3
4
2
log
5
v
5
2
3
log
4

4/
1
3
1
log
80
v
1
2
1
log
15 2
5/
13
log 150 v
17
log 290 6/
6
log 3
2 v
6
1
log
2
3
7/
7
log 10 v
11
log 13 8/
2
log 3 v
3
log 4 9/
9
log 10 v
10
log 11
HD: 4/ CM:
1 1
3 2
1 1
log 4 log
80
15 2
< <

5/ CM:
13 17
log 150 2 log 290 < <
7/ Xt
7 7 7
7 11
7
log 10. log 11 log 13
log 10 log 13
log 11
A

= =

7 7 7
7
1 10.11.7 10 11
log log . log 0
log 11 7.7.13 7 7
1

=

( )

8/, 9/ S dng Bt ng thc ( ) bi tp 3.
Bi 5. Chng minh cc ng thc sau (vi gi thit cc biu thc cho c ngha)

1/
log log
a a
c b
b c =
2/
( )
log log
log
1 log
a a
ax
a
b x
bx
x

3/
log . log
log log
log
a b
a b
ab
c c
c c
c
=
4/
log
1 log
log
a
a
ab
c
b
c
=
5/
( )
1
log log log ,
3 2
c c c
a b
a b
= vi
2 2
7 a b ab =
6/
( ) ( )
1
log 2 2log 2 log log ,
2
a a a a
x y x y = vi
2 2
4 12 x y xy =
7/
( )
a 3 1
lg lg lg
4 2
b
a b
= , vi
2 2
9 10 a b ab =
8/
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
log log 2 log . log
b c c b c b c b
a a a a

= vi
2 2 2
a b c =
9/
( )
2 3 4
1
1 1 1 1 1
...
log log log log log 2 log
k
a a
a a a a
k k
x x x x x x
=
10/
log . log . log
log . log log . log log . log
log
a b C
a b b c c a
abc
N N N
N N N N N N
N
=
11/
1
1 lg
10
z
x

= vi
1
1 lg
10
x
y

= v
1
1 lg
10
y
z

=
12/
2 3 2009 2009!
1 1 1 1
...
log log log log N N N N
=
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

13/
log log log
log log log
a b a
b c c
N N N
N N N
vi , , a b c ln lt theo th t lp thnh cp s nhn.

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Bi 3: HM S LY THA HM S M HM S LOGARIT

1. Kin thc c bn

1.1/ Khi nim
a/ Hm s ly tha y x
= ( l hng s)

S m Hm s y x
=

Tp xc nh D

n = (n nguyn dng)
n
y x =
D =

n = ( n nguyn dng m hoc 0 n = )
n
y x =

\ 0 D =

l s thc khng nguyn y x
=
( )
0, D =
Lu : Hm s
1
n
y x = khng ng nht vi hm s
( )
, *
n
y x n =

b/ Hm s m
( )
, 0, 1
x
y a a a =

Tp xc nh: D =
Tp gi tr:
( )
0, T =

Tnh n iu

Nhn trc honh lm tim cn ngang.
Dng th:

c/ Hm s logarit
( )
log , 0, 1
a
y x a a =
Tp xc nh:
( )
0, D =
Tp gi tr: T =

Tnh n iu

Nhn trc tung lm tim cn ng.
Dng th:

Khi 1 a hm s ng bin.
Khi 0 1 a < < : hm s nghch bin.
1 a
x
y
x
y
1
1
x
y a =
x
y a =
O O
0 1 a < <
Khi 1 a hm s ng bin.
Khi 0 1 a < < : hm s nghch bin.
log
a
y x =
1 a
x
y
O
1
log
a
y x =
x
y
0 1 a < <
O
1
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com


1.2/ Gii hn c bit

*
( )
1
0
1
lim 1 lim 1
x
x
x x
x e
x

1

= =

( )

*
( )
0
ln 1
lim 1
x
x
x
=
*
0
1
lim 1
x
x
e
x
=

1.3/ o hm

o hm hm s s cp o hm hm s hp
O
( ) ( )
'
1
. , 0 x x x

=
( )
.
'
1
. ' u u u

=
O
( )
'
. ln
x x
a a a =
( )
'
. ln . '
u u
a a u u =
O
( )
'
x x
e e =
( )
'
. '
u u
e e u =
O
( )
'
1
log
ln
a
x
x a
=
( )
'
'
log
ln
a
u
u
u a
=
O
( ) ( )
'
1
ln , 0 x x
x
=
( )
'
'
ln
u
u
u
=
Lu Lu Lu Lu :
( )
'
1
1
.
n
n n
x
n x

=
( )
'
1
'
.
n
n n
u
u
n u

=

2. Bi tp p dng

Bi 1. Tnh cc gii hn sau:

1/ lim
1
x
x
x
x

( )
2/
1
1
lim 1
x
x
x
x

( )
3/
2 1
1
lim
2
x
x
x
x

( )

4/
1
3
3 4
lim
3 2
x
x
x
x

( )
5/
1
lim
2 1
x
x
x
x

( )
6/
2 1
lim
1
x
x
x
x

( )

7/
ln 1
lim
x e
x
x e
8/
2
0
1
lim
3
x
x
e
x
9/
1
lim
1
x
x
e e
x

10/
0
lim
sin
x x
x
e e
x
11/
sin 2 sin
0
lim
x x
x
e e
x
12/
1
lim 1
x
x
x e

( )

Bi 2. Tnh o hm ca cc hm s sau:

1/
2
4 3 1 y x x = 2/
( )
1
2
4
4 y x x = 3/
( )
3
2
3 2 y x x =
4/
3
y x x x = 5/
3
1 1 1
y
x
x
x
= 6/
( ) ( )
( )
1 . 1
m n
m n
y x x
=
7/
3 2
1 y x x = 8/
4
1
1
x
y
x
9/
2
5
2
2
1
x x
y
x

=

10/
( )
3
sin 2 1 y x = 11/
3 2
cot 1 y x = 12/
3
3
1 2
1 2
x
y
x

Vi 0 x nu n chn.
Vi 0 x < nu n l.
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

13/
3
3
sin
4
x
y

= 14/
11 5 9
9 6 y x = 15/
2
4
2
1
1
x x
y
x x

=


1/
( )
2
2 2
x
y x x e = 2/
( )
2
2
x
y x x e
= 3/
2
sin
x
y e x
=
4/
2
2x x
y e

= 5/
1
3
x x
y xe

= 6/
2
2
x x
x x
e e
y
e e

7/
cos
2
x x
y e = 8/
2
3
1
x
y
x x
=

9/
cot
cos .
x
y x e =

1/
( )
2
ln 2 3 y x x = 2/
( )
2
log cos y x = 3/
( )
. ln cos
x
y e x =
4/
( ) ( )
2
2 1 ln 3 y x x x = 5/
( )
3
1
2
log cos y x x = 6/
( )
3
log cos y x =
7/
( )
ln 2 1
2 1
x
y
x
8/
( )
ln 2 1
1
x
y
x
9/
( )
2
ln 1 y x x =

Bi 5. Chng minh cc hm s cho tha mn cc h thc c ch ra:
1/
( )

2
2
2
. ; ' 1
x
y x e xy x y
= = 2/
( )
1 ; '
x x
y x e y y e = =
3/
4
2 ; ''' 2 ' 12 0
x x
y e e y y y
= = 4/
2
. . ; '' 3 ' 2 0
x x
y ae be y y y

= =
5/ sin ; '' 2 ' 2 0
x
y e x y y y
= = 6/
( )

4
cos ; 4 0
x
y e x y y
= =
7/
sin
; ' cos sin '' 0
x
y e y x y x y = = 8/
2
sin 5 ; '' 4 29 0
x
y e x y y y = =
9/
2
1
; '' 2 '
2
x x
y x e y y y e = = 10/
4
2 ; ''' 13 12 0
x x
y e e y y y
= =

Bi 6. Chng minh cc hm s cho tha mn cc h thc c ch ra:
1/
1
ln ; ' 1
1
y
y xy e
x
1

= =

( )
2/
( )

1
; ' ln 1
1 ln
y xy y y x
x x
= =

3/
( ) ( )

2
sin ln cos ln ; ' '' 0 y x x y xy x y = = 4/
( )

2 2 2
1 ln
; 2 ' 1
1 ln
x
y x y x y
x x
= =

5/
2
2 2
1
1 ln 1 ; 2 ' ln '
2 2
x
y x x x x y xy y = = 6/
( )( ) ( )

2 2
2
2
1 2010 ; ' 1
1
x x
xy
y x e y e x
x
= =

Bi 7. Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh sau vi cc hm s c ch ra:
1/
( )

2
'( ) 2 ( ) ; ( ) 3 1
x
f x f x f x e x x = = 2/
3
1
'( ) ( ) 0 ; ( ) ln f x f x f x x x
x
= =
3/
( ) ( )
'( ) '( ) ; ( ) ln 5 ; ( ) ln 1 f x g x f x x x g x x = = 4/
2 1 1 2
'( ) 0 ; ( ) 2 7 5
x x
f x f x e e x

= =
5/
2 1
1
'( ) '( ) ; ( ) .5 ; ( ) 5 4 ln5
2
x x
f x g x f x g x x
< = =

Bi 8. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca cc hm s sau:
1/
4
y x
= 2/
1
4
y x = 3/
1
2
y x
= 4/
5
y x =
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

5/
5
y x
= 6/ 2
x
y = 7/ 4
x
y

= 8/
( )
1
2
x
y =
9/
2
log y x = 10/
1
2
log y x = 11/
( )
ln 1 y x = 12/
( )
ln 1 3 y x =
Bi 4: PHNG TRNH M

1. C s l thuyt

1.1/ Phng trnh m c bn

Vi 0, 1 a a th
0
log
x
a
b
a b
x b
'
1
1
=
!
1 =
1
+

1.2/ Phng php gii mt s phng trnh m thng gp

Bi gii tham kho
1/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )

3
0, 04 625. 5 1
x
=
( ) ( )
1 13
2 4 2
3 3
13 13
1 5 5 .5 5 5 2
3 6
x
x
x x

= = = =
2/ Gii phng trnh:
( )

1
8
0,125.16 2
32
x
=
( ) ( )
3
1
2
1
3 4 4 4
2
5
2 1 9
2 2 . 2 2 2 4 4
2 8 2
x
x
x x

= = = =
3/ Gii phng trnh:
( )
2 2
1
8 8 5
2 .5 0, 001. 10
x
x x

=
( )
3
( ) ( )
2
2 8
3 5 5 8 2 5 2
3 2.5 10 .10 10 10 8 2 5 1; 6
x
x x x
x x x x

= = = = =
A V CNG C S & LOGARIT HA
Dng cc cng thc m v ly tha a v dng
( ) ( ) f x g x
a a =
Vi 0, 1 a a th
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
f x g x
a a f x g x = =
Trng hp c s a c cha n th:

( )( )
1
1 0
M N
a
a a a M N
M N
= =

Logarit ha:
( )
( ) ( )
( ) log . ( )
f x g x
a
a b f x b g x = =
Th d 1. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (a v cng c s)
1/
( )
3
0, 04 625. 5
x
=
( )
1 2/
1
8
0,125.16
32
x
=
( )
2
3/
( )
2 2
1
8 8 5
2 .5 0, 001. 10
x
x x

=
( )
3 4/
3 2 1 3 3
3 .15 .5 9
x x x
=
( )
4
5/ 5.3 3.2 7.2 4.3
x x x x
=
( )
5 6/
1 2 1 1 2
5 5 5 3 3 3
x x x x x x
=
( )
6
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

4/ Gii phng trnh:
3 2 1 3 3
3 .15 .5 9
x x x
=
( )
4
( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 3 3 3 5 1
3 3
2 1
4 3 .3 . 5 .5 3 3 3 5 1
3 3
x x x x x
x x

= = = =
5/ Gii phng trnh: 5.3 3.2 7.2 4.3
x x x x
=
( )
5
( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
5 3 5 4 2 7 3 3 .9 2 .4 2
2 2
x
x x x x
x
1 1

= = = =

( ) ( )

6/ Gii phng trnh:
1 2 1 1 2
5 5 5 3 3 3
x x x x x x
=
( )
6
( ) ( ) ( )
2 0
2 2 2 3
5 5
6 5 5 5 1 3 3 3 1 1 2
3 3
x
x x
x

1 1

= = = =

( ) ( )

Bi gii tham kho
1/ Gii phng trnh:
5 3
3 5
x x
=
( )
1
( )
( ) ( )
( )
5 3
3 3 3 3 3 5
3
5
1 log 3 log 5 5 3 log 5 log 5 log log 5
3
x x
x
x x
x
1

( )
1

= = = =

( )

2/ Gii phng trnh:
( )
3
1 1
x
x

=
( )
2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
5 2 3
3 3 3 3 3
3
5log 2
2 log 3 log 2 5 2 log 2 1 2log 2 5log 2
1 2log 2
x x
x x x x
= = = =

3/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )
1 3
2 2
x x
x x

=
( )
3
iu kin:
0 2 1 2 1
1
1 0 1
x x
x
x x
' '
1 1 < <
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+ +

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )

2
1
2 1
3 0
3 2 1 . 1 3 0
1 3
1 3
x L
x
x
x x x
x x
x x
=

l '
l 1
=
1 l
l 1
l
l =
!
1
=
1
1+

2
3
3
2 5
7 10 0
5
x
x
x x
x x
x
'
1
1
'
1 1
1 1 1
= =
! !
1 1 =
1 1
1+
= 1
1
+

4/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )
2
5 4 4
2 2
3 3
x x x
x x

=
( )
4
( ) ( ) ( )
( )

2
2 2
2
2 0
4 3 1 5 4 4 0
5 4 4 0
x VN
x x x x
x x x
=
l l
=
l l
l l
=

Th d 2. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (logarit ha)
1/
5 3
3 5
x x
=
( )
1 2/
5 2
3 2
x x
=
( )
2
3/
( ) ( )
1 3
2 2
x x
x x

=
( )
3 4/
( ) ( )
2
5 4 4
2 2
3 3
x x x
x x

=
( )
4
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com


( )
( )
( )
( )

2
2
1; 4 1; 4
5 4 4 0
0; 6
;1 4; ;1 4;
0; 6 5 4 4 0
x x
x x x VN
x x
x x
x x x x x
' '
1 1
1 1 1 1
! !
1 1 =

1 1
1 1 + +
= =
' ' l l
1 1

1 1 l l 1 1 l l
! !

1 1 = = =
1 1 1+ 1+

Bi gii tham kho

1/ Gii phng trnh: 9 5.3 6 0
x x
=
( )
1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2
2
1 3 5.3 6 0 3 5.3 6 0 1'
x
x x x
= =
t 3 0
x
t = . Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
2
1' 5 6 0
3
t N
t t
t N
=

=

Vi
3
2 3 2 log 2
x
t x = = = .
Vi
3
3 3 3 log 3 1
x
t x = = = = .

2/ Gii phng trnh:
1 2
2 15.2 8 0
x x
=
( )
2
( ) ( ) ( )

2
2
2 2.2 15.2 8 0 2. 2 15.2 8 0 2'
x x x x
= =
t 2 0
x
t = . Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
1
2' 2 15 8 0
2
8
t N
t t
t L

T N S PH

Dng 1:
( )
( )
( )
( )
, 0
0
0
f x
f x
t a t
P a
P t
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

Dng 2:
( )
( )
2 ( ) 2 ( )
. . 0
f x
f x f x
a ab b . =

Chia hai v cho
2 ( ) f x
b , ri t n ph
( )
0
f x
a
t
b
1

=

( )
(chia c s ln nht).
Dng 3:
( ) ( ) f x f x
a b m = vi . 1 a b = . t
( ) ( )
1
f x f x
t a b
t
= = .
Th d 1. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (t n s ph dng 1, loi t n ph hon ton)
1/ 9 5.3 6 0
x x
=
( )
1 2/
1 2
2 15.2 8 0
x x
=
( )
2
3/
1 2
5 5 124
x x
=
( )
3 4/
1
5 5 4 0
x x
=
( )
4
5/
2 2 2
3 2.3 27 0
x x
=
( )
5 6/
1
5 25 6
x x
=
( )
6
7/
3 3 3 3 4 4 3
3 3 3 3 10
x x x x
=
( )
7 8/
( ) ( )
7 4 3 2 3 6
x x
=
( )
8
9/
2 2
sin cos
9 9 6
x x
=
( )
9 10/
2 2
1 2sin 2cos
4 9.4 5
x x
=
( )
10
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Vi
2
1 1 1
2 log 1
2 2 2
x
t x x = = = =

3/ Gii phng trnh:
1 2
5 5 124
x x
=
( )
3
( ) ( )

25
3 5.5 124 0 3'
5
x
x
=
t 5 0
x
t = . Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
25
25
3' 5 124 0 5 124 25 0
0, 2
t N
t t t
t L t
= =

=

Vi
5
25 5 25 log 25 2
x
t x = = = =

4/ Gii phng trnh:
1
5 5 4 0
x x
=
( )
4
iu kin: 0 x
( ) ( )

5
4 5 4 0 4'
5
x
x
=
t 5 0
x
t = . Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
1
5
4' 4 0 4 5 0
5
t N
t t t
t L t
= =

=

Vi
0
1 5 1 5 5 0 0
x x
t x x = = = = =
5/ Gii phng trnh:
2 2 2
3 2.3 27 0
x x
=
( )
5
( )
( )
( ) ( )

2
2 1
1 1 1
5 3 2.3.3 27 0 3 6.3 27 0 5'
x
x x x

= =
t
1
3 0
x
t

= . Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
3
5' 6 27 0
9
t L
t t
t N
=

=

Vi
1 1 2
9 3 9 3 3 1 2 1
x x
t x x

= = = = =
6/ Gii phng trnh:
( )

1
5 25 6 6
x x
=
( )
( ) ( )
( )

2
2
25 25 25
6 5 6 0 5 6 0 5 6 0 6'
25
5 5
x x x
x x
x
= = =
t 5 0
x
t = . Khi :
( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
( )

3 2
2
5
25 1 21
6' 6 0 6 25 0 5 5 0
2
1 21
2
t N
t t t t t t t N
t
t L
= = = =

Vi 5 5 1 0
x
t x = = = .
Vi
5
1 21 1 21 1 21
5 log
2 2 2
x
t x
1

= = =

( )
.

7/ Gii phng trnh:
3 3 3 3 4 4 3
3 3 3 3 10
x x x x
=
( )
7
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

( ) ( )

3 3 3 3
3 3
27 81 1 1
7 27.3 81.3 10 27. 3 81. 3 10 7'
3 3 3 3
x x x x
x x x x
1 1

= =

( ) ( )

t
1 1
3 2 3 . 2
3 3
x x
x x
Csi
t = =
3
3 3 2 3 3
2 3 3
1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3.3 . 3.3 . 3 3
3 3 3 3 3
x x x x x
x x x x x
t t t
1

= = =

( )

Khi :
( ) ( ) ( )

3
3 3 3
10 10
7 ' 27 3 81 10 2
27 3
t t t t t N = = =
Vi
( )

10 1 10
3 7 ''
3 3 3
x
x
t = =
t 3 0
x
y = . Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
3
1 10
7 '' 3 10 3 0
1
3
3
y N
y y y
y
y N
= =

Vi 3 3 3 1
x
y x = = =
Vi
1 1
3 1
3 3
x
y x = = =
8/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )
7 4 3 2 3 6
x x
=
( )
8
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )

2
2
8 2 3 2 3 6 0 2 3 2 3 6 0 8'
x
x x x
l l
l l
= =
l l
l l

t
( )
2 3 0
x
t = . Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
2
8' 6 0
3
t N
t t
t L
=

=

Vi
( )
( )
2 3
2 2 3 2 log 2
x
t x
= = =
9/ Gii phng trnh:
2 2
sin cos
9 9 6
x x
=
( )
9
Cch 1: Phng php t n ph vi 1 n.
( ) ( )

2 2 2
2
1 cos cos cos
cos
9
9 9 9 6 9 6 0 9'
9
x x x
x
= =
t
( )
2
cos
9 , 1 9
x
t t = . Khi :
( )
2
9
9' 6 0 6 9 0 3 t t t t
t
= = =
Vi
( )
2 2
cos 2cos 1 2
3 9 3 3 3 2cos 1 0 cos2 0 ,
4 2
x x
k
t x x x k

= = = = = =

Cch 2: Phng php t n ph vi 2 n dn n h phng trnh.
t
( )

2
2
sin
cos
9
, 1 , 9
9
x
x
u
u v
v
'
1
=
1
1

!
1
=
1
1+
. Khi : 2 2 2 2
sin cos sin cos
6
. 9 .9 9 9
x x x x
u v
u v

'
1 =
1
1
!
1
= = =
1
1+

Theo nh l Vit, th , u v chnh l nghim ca phng trnh:
2
0 X SX P =
2 2
0 6 9 0 3 X SX P X X u v = = = =
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

( )
2 2 2
sin cos cos
9 9 3 9 3 ,
4 2
x x x
k
x k

= = = =
Cch 3: Phng php c lng 2 v (dng bt ng thc Cauchy).
Theo bt ng thc Cauchy, ta c:
2 2 2 2
sin cos sin cos
9 9 2 9 .9 2. 9 6
Csi
x x x x
= =
Du = xy ra khi:
( )
2 2
sin cos 2 2
9 9 sin cos cos2 0 ,
4 2
x x
k
x x x x k

= = = =
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

10/ Gii phng trnh:
2 2
1 2sin 2cos
4 9.4 5
x x
=
( )
10
( ) ( )

2
2 2
2
2cos
1 2cos 2cos
2cos
4 9
10 4 9.4 5 0 5 0 10'
4
4
x
x x
x

= =
t
( )

2
2cos
4 , : 1 16
x
t K t = .
Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
18
9
10' 5 0 20 36 0
2 4
t L
t
t t
t N t
= =

=

Vi
( )

2
1
2cos 2
2
1 1
2 4 2 4 2cos cos ,
2 2 3
x
t x x x k k
= = = = = =

Bi gii tham kho

1/ Gii phng trnh: 25 15 2.9
x x x
=
( )
1
( ) ( )

2
15 9 3 3
1 1 2. 2. 1 0 1'
5 5 25 25
x x
x x
x x
l
1 1
l

= =
l

( ) ( ) l
l

t:
3
0
5
x
t
1

=

( )
. Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
1
1' 2 1 0
1
2
t N
t t
t L
. Vi
3
1 1 0
5
x
t x
1

= = =

( )

2/ Gii phng trnh:
1 1
9 13.6 4 0
x x x
=
( )
2
( ) ( )

2
9 6 3 3
2 9.9 13.6 4.4 0 9. 13. 4 0 9. 13. 4 0 2'
4 4 2 2
x x x x
x x x
l
1 1 1 1
l

= = =
l

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) l
l

t:
3
0
2
x
t
1

=

( )
. Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
1
2' 9 13 4 0
4
9
t N
t t
t N

Vi
3
1 1 0
2
x
t x
1

= = =

( )

Vi
4 3 4
2
9 2 9
x
t x
1

= = =

( )

3/ Gii phng trnh:
2 1
49 2.35 7.5 0
x x x
=
( )
3
( ) ( )

2
49 35 7 7
3 49 2.35 35.25 0 2. 35 0 2. 35 0 3'
25 25 5 5
x x x x
x x x
l
1 1 1 1
l

= = =
l

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) l
l

Th d 2. Gii phng trnh m (t n ph dng 2: Chia hai v cho c s ln nht hoc nh nht)
1/ 25 15 2.9
x x x
=
( )
1 2/
1 1
9 13.6 4 0
x x x
=
( )
2
3/
2 1
49 2.35 7.5 0
x x x
=
( )
3 4/
1 1 1
2.4 6 9
x x x
=
( )
4
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

t:
7
0
5
x
t
1

=

( )
. Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
7
3' 2 35 0
5
t N
t t
t L
=

=

Vi
7
5
7
7 7 log 7
5
x
t x
1

= = =

( )

4/ Gii phng trnh:
1 1 1
2.4 6 9
x x x
=
( )
4
iu kin: 0 x
( ) ( )

2
1 1 1
4 6 2 2
4 2. 1 0 2. 1 0 4'
9 9 3 3
x
x x x
l
l 1 1 1 1

l
= =

l

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
l
l

t:
2
0
3
x
t
1

=

( )
. Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
1
4' 2 1 0
1
2
t L
t t
t N

Vi
2
3
1 2 1 1
log
2 3 2 2
x
t x
1

= = =

( )

Bi gii tham kho
1/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )
2 3 2 3 4
x x
=
( )
1
Nhn xt:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 . 2 3 1 2 3 . 2 3 1 1 2 3 . 2 3 1
x x x
x
l
= = = =
l
l

t:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 1 1
2 3 0 2 3 0 2 3
2 3 2 3
x x x
x x
t t
t
= = = = =

( )
( )
( )

2
2 3 0
1
1 4 4 1 0
2 3 0
t N
t t t
t
t N
= =

=

Vi
( )
2 3 2 3 2 3 1
x
t x = = =
Vi
( )
2 3 2 3 2 3 1
x
t x
= = =
2/ Gii phng trnh:
3 3
5 2 6 5 2 6 10
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )

( )
2
( )
( ) ( )
( )

3 3
2 5 2 6 5 2 6 10 0 2'
x x
=
Th d 3. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (t n ph dng 3)
1/
( ) ( )
2 3 2 3 4
x x
=
( )
1 2/
3 3
5 2 6 5 2 6 10
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )

( )
2
3/
( ) ( )
3
5 21 7 5 21 2
x x
x
=
( )
3 4/
( ) ( )
sin sin
8 3 7 8 3 7 16
x x
=
( )
4
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Nhn xt:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3
3
5 2 6 . 5 2 6 1 5 2 6 . 5 2 6 1 1
x x x
= = =
t:
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3 1
5 2 6 0 5 2 6 5 2 6
x x x
t t
t
= = =
( )
( )
( )

2
5 2 6 0
1
2' 10 0 10 1 0
5 2 6 0
t N
t t t
t
t N
= =

=

Vi
( )
3
5 2 6 5 2 6 5 2 6 1 3
3
x
x
t x = = = =
Vi
( )
3
5 2 6 5 2 6 5 2 6 1 3
3
x
x
t x
= = = =
3/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )
3
5 21 7 5 21 2
x x
x
=
( )
3
Nhn xt:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
4
5 21 . 5 21 4 5 21 . 5 21 4 5 21
5 21
x
x x x
x
x
= = =

t:
( ) ( )
4
5 21 0 5 21 0
x
x x
t
t
= =
( )
3 2
4
3 7. 2 7 8.2 4 0
x
x x x
t t t
t
= =
( )
( )
( )

2
4.2 3.2
2 0
7
' 16.4 7.4 9.4 3.2
2
0
7
x x
x
x x x x
x
t N
t N
= =
= = =

Vi
( )
2
2 5 21 2 1 0
5 21
x
x
x x
t x
1

= = = =

( )

Vi
( )
2
5 21
2 2 2
5 21 7 log 7
7 7
5 21
x
x x
x
t x
1

( )
1

= = = =

( )

4/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )
sin sin
8 3 7 8 3 7 16
x x
=
( )
4
Nhn xt:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
sin sin
sin
8 3 7 . 8 3 7 1 8 3 7 . 8 3 7 1 1
x x
x
= = =
t:
( ) ( ) ( )
sin sin sin
1
8 3 7 0 8 3 7 8 3 7
x x x
t t
t
= = =
( )
( )
( )

2
8 3 7 0
1
4 16 16 1 0
8 3 7 0
t N
t t t
t
t N
= =

=

Vi
( )
( )

sin
8 3 7 8 3 7 8 3 7 sin 1 2 ,
2
x
t x x k k
= = = =
Vi
( )
( )

sin
8 3 7 8 3 7 8 3 7 sin 1 ,
2
x
t x x l l
= = = =
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com


Bi gii tham kho
1/ Gii phng trnh:
( )
3 5 2 1
x
x =
Ta c: 1 x = l mt nghim ca phng trnh
( )
1
M
( )
3
x
f x = ng bin trn v
( )
5 2 g x x = ng bin trn .
Phng trnh
( )
1 c mt nghim duy nht l 1 x = .
2/ Gii phng trnh: 4 3 5
x x x
=
( )
2
( )
2
( ) ( )

4 3
2 1 2'
5 5
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. Xt hm s:
( )
4 3
5 5
x x
y f x
1 1

= =

( ) ( )
, x
( ) ( )
4 4 3 3
' ' . ln . ln 0,
5 5 5 5
x x
y f x x y f x
1 1

= = < =

( ) ( )
nghch bin trn v
( )
2 0 f = .
Vi
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 1 2' x f x f < = : v nghim.
Vi
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 1 2' x f x f < = : v nghim.
Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht l: 2 x =
3/ Gii phng trnh:
2 1 2 2 1 1 2
2 3 5 2 3 5
x x x x x x
=
( )
3
( )
2 1 2 2 1 1 2
3 2 3 5 2 3 5
x x x x x x
=
2
2 2 1 1
2
3 5.5 2 3 5.5
2
x
x x x x x
=
( )

2 2 2 1 1 1
2 2.3 10.5 2 2.3 10.5 3'
x x x x x x
= dng
( ) ( )
v f u f =
S DNG TNH N IU CA HM S
Xt phng trnh:
( )
( ) ( ) 1 f x g x =
on nhn
o
x l mt nghim ca phng trnh
( )
1 (thng thng l nhng s ln cn s 0).
Da vo tnh ng bin v nghch bin ca ( ) f x v ( ) g x kt lun
o
x l nghim duy nht:
o ( ) f x ng bin v ( ) g x nghch bin (hoc ng bin nhng nghim ngt).
o ( ) f x n iu v ( ) g x c = (hng s).
Nu ( ) f x ng bin (hoc nghch bin) th ( ) ( ) f u f v u v = = .
Lu :
Hm s bc nht:
( )
, 0 y ax b a =
+ ng bin khi: 0 a
+ Nghch bin khi : 0 a <
Hm s m:
x
y a =
+ ng bin khi: 1 a
+ Nghch bin khi: 0 1 a < <
Th d 1. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (s dng tnh n iu ca hm s)
1/ 3 5 2
x
x = 2/ 4 3 5
x x x
=
3/
2 1 2 2 1 1 2
2 3 5 2 3 5
x x x x x x
= 5/
( )
3 3
36. 2 3 9.8 4.27
x x x x
=
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Xt hm s:
( )
2 2.3 10.5 ,
t t t
f t t =
Ta c:
( ) ( )
' 2 . ln2 2.3 . ln 3 10.5 . ln5 0
t t t
f t f t = ng bin trn .
Phng trnh
( )
3' c dng:
( ) ( )
2 1 2 1 1 f x f x x x x = = =
4/ Gii phng trnh:
( )
3 3
36. 2 3 9.8 4.27
x x x x
=
( )
4
( ) ( )

3 3 3 3
3 2 3 2
8 27
4 2 3 2 3 2 3 4'
4 9
x x
x x x x x x
= = dng
( ) ( )
v f u f =
Xt hm s
( )
2 3 ,
t t
f t t =
Ta c:
( ) ( )
' 2 . ln2 3 . ln3 0,
t t
f t t y f x = = ng bin trn
Phng trnh
( )
4' c dng:
( ) ( )
3 3 3
1
3 2 3 2 3 2 0
2
x
f x f x x x x x
x
= = =

=

Bi gii tham kho
1/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )
4 .9 5 .3 1 0
x x
x x =
( )
1
t: 3 0
x
t = . Khi :
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 4 . 5 . 1 0 x t x t =
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
5 3
1
2 4
5 4 4 6 9 3
5 3 1
4 2 4
x x
t
x
x x x x x
x x
t
x x
= =
= = =
= =

Vi 1 3 1 0
x
t x = = =
Vi
( ) ( )

4 0
4
1
0
1
3 . 4 1 1' 4 3
4
x
x
x
x
t
x x
x
'
1
'
1 1
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1+
1

1+

Phng trnh
( )
1' c mt nghim l 1 x = .
Xt hm s:
( ) ( ) ( )
3 . 4 , 4;
x
f x x x =
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
' 3 . 4 . ln 3 3 3 . 4 . ln 3 1 0, 4;
x x x
f x x x x
l
= =
l
l

( )
f x ng bin
( )
4; x v
( )
1 g x = l hm khng i.
1 x = l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh
( )
1'
Vy phng trnh
( )
1 c hai nghim l 0; 1 x x = =
2/ Gii phng trnh:
( )
2 2
2 2
4 7 .2 12 4 0
x x
x x =
( )
2
t:
2
2 0
x
t = . Khi :
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 7 . 12 4 0 t x t x =
Th d 2. Gii phng trnh m (t n ph dng 1, loi khng hon ton v kt hp tnh n iu)
1/
( ) ( )
4 .9 5 .3 1 0
x x
x x = 2/
( )
2 2
2 2
4 7 .2 12 4 0
x x
x x =
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2
7 1
4
2
7 4 12 4 2 1 1
7 1
3
2
x x
t
x x x x x
x x
t x
= =
= = =

= =

Vi
2
2 2
4 2 4 2 2 2
x
t x x = = = = =
Vi
( )
( )

2
2
2
2
2
2
3 0 3; 3
3 0
2 3
2 3 2'
x
x
x x
t x
x
x
'
1 '
1
1
1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
=
= 1 1
1+
1
+

Xt hm s
( )
( )

2
2
2 , 3; 3
x
f x x x =
( )
( )
2 2
' 2 .2 . ln2 2 2 2 . ln2 2
x x
f x x x x = = .
Cho
( )
( )
2 2
2 0
' 0
2 . ln2 2 0 : 2 . ln2 2 0,
x x
x
f x
VN do x
=

=

0 x =
Bng bin thin:

x
3 0 3
( )
' f x

0 +

( )
f x

11 11

1

Vi
( )
3; 0 x
( )
' 0 f x < :
( )
f x nghch bin.
Nu
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 3 2' : x f x f < = v nghim.
Nu
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 3 2' : x f x f < = v nghim.
( )
3; 0 x th phng trnh
( )
2' c nghim duy nht l 1 x = .
Vi
( ) ( )
0; ' 0 : x f x
( )
f x ng bin.
Nu
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 3 2' : x f x f < < = v nghim.
Nu
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 3 2' : x f x f = v nghim.
( )
0; x th phng trnh
( )
2' c nghim duy nht l 1 x = .
Vy phng trnh
( )
2 c 4 nghim l: 1; 2 x x = =

A V PHNG TRNH TCH, TNG HAI S KHNG M V NGHIM PHNG TRNH BC 2
Phng trnh tch:
0
. 0
0
A
AB
B

Tng hai s khng m:
2 2
0
0
0
A
A B
B
'
1 =
1
=
!
1 =
1
+

Phng php i lp: Xt phng trnh:
( )
( ) ( ) 1 f x g x =
Nu ta chng minh c
( )
( )
f x M
g x M
'
1
1
!
1
1
+
th
( )
( )
1
( )
f x M
g x M
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com


Bi gii tham kho

1/ Gii phng trnh: 25.2 10 5 25
x x x
=
( )
1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )

1 25.2 25 2 .5 5 0 25 2 1 5 2 1 0 2 1 25 5 0
2 1 0 2 1 0
2 25 5 0 5 25
x x x x x x x x x
x x
x x
x
x
= = =

= = =

= = =

2/ Gii phng trnh:
1
12.3 3.15 5 20
x x x
=
( )
2
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )

3
2 12.3 3.3 .5 5.5 20 0 3.3 4 5 5 5 4 0
5 4 0 : 5 4 0,
5 5
5 4 3.3 5 0 3 log
3.3 5 0 3 3
x x x x x x x
x x
x x x
x
VN do x
x
= =
= = =

1/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )
2 1
2 3 3 1 4.3 1
x x
x x
=
( )
1
Cch 1: Nghim ca phng trnh bc 2 (theo x )
( ) ( )
2
1 2 3 1 4.3 . 6.3 1 0
x x
x x =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
9 1 8.3 16.9 8 6.3 1 144.9 24.3 1 12.3 1
x x x x x x
= = =
( )

3 12.3 12.3 1 1
1
4 2
3 12.3 12.3 1
1
1 6.3
3 1'
4
6 6
x x
x x
x
x
x x
x
x
= = =

= =
=

( )
1'
Hm s
( )
3
x
f x = ng bin x
Hm s
1
6 6
x
y = nghch bin x
Vy phng trnh cho c 2 nghim:
1
1;
2
x x = =
Cch 2: a v phng trnh tch loi phn tch thnh nhn t
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
1 2 3 1 6.3 . 2 1 0 2 1 6.3 . 2 1 0
2
x x
x x x x x x
1

= =

( )

Th d 1. Gii phng trnh (a v phng trnh tch s)
1/ 25.2 10 5 25
x x x
=
( )
1 2/
1
12.3 3.15 5 20
x x x
=
( )
2
Th d 2. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (a v phng trnh tch hoc nghim ca phng trnh bc 2)
1/
( ) ( )
2 1
2 3 3 1 4.3 1
x x
x x
= 2/
( )
2 1 1 1
.5 3 3.5 2.5 3 0
x x x x x
x x

=
( )
1'
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com


( )( )
( )

1
2
2 1 1 6.3 0
1
3 1'
6 6
x
x
x
x x
x
. Tng t cch 1.
2/ Gii phng trnh:
( )
2 1 1 1
.5 3 3.5 2.5 3 0
x x x x x
x x

=
( )
2
Cch 1: Nghim ca phng trnh bc 2 (theo x )
( ) ( )
2
2 5 . 5.3 3.5 . 2.5 5.3 0
x x x x x
x x =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
5.3 3.5 4.5 . 2.5 5.3 5.3 5
x x x x x x x
= =
( )

1
1
3
3 2
2 5.
2'
5
5 5
x
x
x
x
x
=
=
1
1

= =

( ) ( )

Phng trnh
( )
2' c mt nghim l 1 x =
Hm s
( )
3
5
x
f x
1

=

( )
nghch bin x
Hm s
( )
1 2
5 5
g x x = ng bin x
Vy nghim ca phng trnh
( )
2 l 1 x =
Cch 2: a v phng trnh tch loi phn tch thnh nhn t
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
1 3 2 .5 5 1 .3 0 1 2 .5 5.3 0
3 2
5 5
x x x x x
x
x x x x x
x
l
= = 1

l
l
=

( )

Tng t nh cch 1.

Bi gii tham kho
1/ Gii phng trnh:
2
cos
5 sin
x
x =
( )
1
Ta c:

2
2
2 2
cos
2 cos
2 cos 0 cos
5 sin
cos 0 5 1
cos 0 5 5 5 1 ,
sin 1 sin 1 2
sin 1
x
x
x x
x
x
x x k k
x x
x
'
1
=
1
' ' 1
1 1
= = 1
1 1
1 1 1
=
! ! !
1 1 1 = =
1 1 1
1+ 1+
1
1
1+
( )

2/ Gii phng trnh:
2 2
sin cos
4 4 6 cos 2
x x
x =
( )
2
Xt hm s:
( )
6 cos 2 f x x =
Ta c: 1 cos 2 1 5 6 cos2 7 x x
Xt hm s:
( )
2 2 2
2
sin cos sin
sin
4
4 4 4
4
x x x
x
g x = =
t
( )

2 2
sin 2 0 sin 1
4 , 0 sin 1 4 4 4 1; 4
x x
t x Hay t
l
=
l
l

( )
1'
Th d 3. Gii phng trnh (dng phng php i lp)
1/
2
cos
5 sin
x
x =
( )
1 2/
2 2
sin cos
4 4 6 cos 2
x x
x =
( )
2
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Khi ,
( )
g x c vit li l
( )

4
, 1; 4 g t t t
t
l
=
l
l

( ) ( )

2
2 2
2 1; 4
4 4
' 1 . ' 0
2 1; 4
t
t
g t Cho g t
t
t t
l
=
l
l
= = =

l
=
l
l

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1;4
1;4
max max 5
1 5
2 4
min min 4
4 5
g t g x
g
g
g t g x
g
l
l
l
l
l
l
'
' 1
1 = =
=
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1 =
1 1
1+
1+
. Hay
2 2
sin cos
4 4 4 5
x x

Lc :
( )

2 2
2 2
2 2
sin cos
2
sin cos
sin cos
4 4 6 cos2
6 cos 2 5
sin 0
6 cos 2 5 ,
cos2 1 4 4 2
4 4 5
x x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x x k k
x
'
1
=
1
' '
1 1 1 =
=
1 1 1
1 1 1
=
! ! !
1 1 1 =
1 1 1
1+ 1+
1

1
1+

2. Bi tp rn luyn

Bi 1. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (a v cng c s hoc logarit ha)
1/
3 1
4 16
x
= 2/
1 2 3 3 1
2 .3 6
x x x
= 3/
2
2 5 2 1
2 8
x x x
=
4/
1
5 .8 100
x x
= 5/
3 1
8 2
9 3
x
x

= 6/
1 2
2 .3 .5 200
x x x
=
7/
2 25 125
5 8 64
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )
8/
5 17
7 3
32 0, 25.125
x x
x x

= 9/
2
2
8 36.3
x
x
x

=
10/
2 1
3 3 18
x x
= 11/
1 2 3 1
5 5 5 3 3 3
x x x x x x
= 12/
1 1
2.3 6.3 3 9
x x x
=
13/
( )
2
3 2 2 3 2 2
x
= 14/
( ) ( )
1
1
1
5 2 5 2
x
x
x
= 15/
1
5 .8 500
x
x
x
=
16/
x x
x x =

17/
( )
1
2
2 1
x
x x
= 18/
( )
2
2
1
x
x x
=
19/
( )
2
1
2
1 1
x
x x

= 20/
( )
3
1 1
x
x

= 21/
( ) ( )
2
5 4 4
2 2
3 3
x x x
x x

=
Bi 2. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (a v cng c s hoc logarit ha)

1/
2
8 1 3
2 4
x x x
= 2/
1 2 3 4
3 3 3 3 750
x x x x
= 3/
2
2 .4 256
x x
=
4/ 2 .5 0, 01
x x
= 5/ 2 . 3 216
x x
= 6/
1 2
2 .3 .5 12
x x x
=
7/
2 3
1
3 3 3
81
x
x

1
1

=

( )
( )
8/
2
1 2 11 9
5 9 5
.
3 25 3
x x x
1 1 1

=

( ) ( ) ( )
9/
( )
1
5 7
2
1, 5
3
x
x
1

=

( )

10/
2 1 1
1
2 .4
64
8
x x
x

= 11/
1 3 1
20 60
4 .3 .5
27
x x x
= 12/
3 2
3
1
15
1
1
3
9
x
x
=
13/
( )
5
2 3
1
0, 75 1
3
x
x
1

=

( )
14/
2
2 3
1
1
7
7
x x
x

1

=

( )
15/
2
5
6
2
2 16 2
x x
=
16/
2
4 2
2 5
x x
= 17/
2 1 2 2
4 4 4 3 3
x x x x x
= 18/
1 1
3 6 .2 .3
x x x x
=
19/
2
5 6
5 1
x x
= 20/
2 2 2 2
1 2 1
2 2 3 3
x x x x
= 21/
4 6
3 4
5 25
x
x

=
22/
cos 2
cos 2
1
2 0
2.2
x
x
= 23/
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 1 2 2
4 3
2 2 2 2 1
x x
x x

= 24/
2 1 2 1
5 3.5 550
x x
=
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

25/
2 1 1
2 2 1 2 1
x x x
= 26/
2
3 7 1 1
2 2 4
16 0, 25.2
x
x x x

= 27/
1 2 2 2
3 18 .2 .3
x x x x
=
28/
3 3
2 . 4 . 0,125 0, 25
x x
x
= 29/
( ) ( )
3 1
1 3
10 3 10 3
x x
x x

= 30/
1 2
3.2 5.2 2 21
x x x
=
31/
( )
2
1
1
3
2
2 2 4
x
x
x
l
l
=
l
l
l
32/
2 4
3
1 1
3 99
3 9
x x
x

1 1

=

( ) ( )
33/
( )
1
1
5
5 1
1
2 .4
2
x
x x
x

l
l
=
l
l
l

Bi 3. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (a v cng c s hoc logarit ha).

1/
1 1
3 3 3 9477
x x x
= 2/
1 1 3
5 5 2 2
x x x x
=
3/
1 1 2
2 3 3 2
x x x x
= 4/
1 2 1 2
5 5 5 7 7 7
x x x x x x
=
5/
9 7
2 5 4
2 2
2 3 3 4
x x
x x

= 6/
2 2 1
1 1
3.4 .9 6.4 .9
3 2
x x x x
=
7/
3 1
2 1
2 2
9 2 2 3
x x
x x

= 8/
1 1
2 1
2 2
4 3 3 2
x x
x x

=
9/
1 1
2 2
2 2
5 9 3 5
x x
x
x

= 10/
2 3 2
4 10.3 2.3 11.2
x x x x
=
11/
( ) ( )
2
2 3 2 1 2 0
x x
x x = 12/
3 2 3
2 1 2 1
.2 2 .2 2
x x
x x
x x

=
13/
2 3 7 3 1
6 2 .3
x x x
= 14/
3 3 2 2
3 .7 3 .7
x x x x
=
15/
2 3 2 3 5 5
3 .5 5 .3
x x x x
= 16/
1 2 2 9
3 .2 12
x x x
=
17/
2
2
8 36.3
x
x
x

= 18/
2
5 6 1
5 2
x x x
=
19/
1
2 .5 10
x
x
x
= 20/
2
4 4
3 2
x x x
=
21/
2 1
4.3 5.3 7.3 40
x x x
= 22/
2 6 7
2 2 17 0
x x
=
23/
2 1 1
5 5 250
x x
= 24/
1 3
5 5 26
x x
=
25/
4 2 1
2 2 5 3.5
x x x x
= 26/
1 1
5 6.5 3.5 52
x x x
=

Bi 4. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (t n ph dng 1, loi t n ph hon ton).

1/
1
4 2 8 0
x x
= 2/
1 1
4 6.2 8 0
x x
=
3/
4 8 2 5
3 4.3 27 0
x x
= 4/ 16 17.4 16 0
x x
=
5/
1
49 7 8 0
x x
= 6/
2 2
2
2 2 3
x x x x
=
7/
( ) ( )
7 4 3 2 3 6
x x
= 8/
2
cos 2 cos
4 4 3
x x
=
9/
2 5 1
3 36.3 9 0
x x
= 10/
2 2
2 2
4 9.2 8 0
x x
=
11/
2 2
2 2 1
3 28.3 9 0
x x x x
= 12/
2 1 1
3.5 2.5 0, 2
x x
=
13/
2 2
sin cos
2 4.2 6
x x
= 14/
2 2
4 16 10.2
x x
=
15/
1
5 5 4 0
x x
= 16/
1 1 1
8 2 18
2 2 2 2 2 2
x
x x x x
=

Bi 5. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (t n ph dng 1, loi t n ph hon ton).

1/ 9 5.3 6 0
x x
= 2/
2 2
2 2 15 0
x x
=
3/
2 2
4 3
x x
e e
= 4/
2 2
1 3
9 36.3 3 0
x x
=
5/
2 2
4 16 10.2
x x
= 6/
1 2
4 2 3 0
x x
=
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

7/
6 3
3. 2 0
x x
e e = 8/ 8 2.4 2 2 0
x x x
=
9/
2 2
sin cos
81 81 30
x x
= 10/
1 4 2
4 2 2 16
x x x
=
11/ 9 25.3 7 0
x x
= 12/ 25 23.5 5 0
x x
=
13/
1 3
25 6.5 5 0
x x
= 14/
2
13 6.13 5 0
x x
=
15/
2 1 1
1
3.5 2.5
5
x x
= 16/
4
3
3
4 7
2
x
x
=
17/
( ) 2 1
3 82.3 9 0
x
x
= 18/
2 1
3 9 4
x x
=
19/
2 2
1 1
9 3 6 0
x x
= 20/
( ) ( )
10
5 10
3 3 84 0
x x
=
21/
2 2
2 1 2
4 5.2 6
x x x x
= 22/
1
8 3.4 3.2 8 0
x x x
=
23/
2 3 1 2
4 2 2 16 0
x x x
= 24/
2 2
3 3 30
x x
=
25/
3 4
4 2 6
x x
= 26/
1
3 3 4 0
x x
=
27/
2 3
1
2
5 15
5
x
x
= 28/
( )
2
5
1
2 9
4
x
x
=
29/
( )
3
5 2
1
6 12
6
x
x
= 30/
( )
2
3
2. 0, 3 3
100
x
x
x
=
31/
2 2
1 1
10 10 99
x x
= 32/
2 2
1 1
5 5 24
x x
=
33/
2 2
2 2 1
9 7.3 2
x x x x x x
= 34/
3 1
5 3
5.2 3.2 7 0
x
x

=
35/
2
2
9 10 4
4 2
x
x
= 36/
1
1
1 2
3.2 8.2 4 0
x
x
x
=
37/
4 4
1
8.3 9 9
x x x x
= 38/
2 2
2 1 2
4 5.2 6 0
x x x x
=
39/
3 2cos 1 cos
4 7.4 2 0
x x
= 40/ (7 4 3) 3(2 3) 2 0
x x
=
41/
2 3 3
8 2 12 0
x
x x
= 42/
cos sin lg7
2sin 2cos 1 2sin 2cos 1
1
2 5 0
10
x x
x x x

1

=

( )

Bi 6. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (t n s dng 1, loi t n ph khng hon ton).

1/
( )
2 2
3.16 3 10 .4 3 0
x x
x x

= 2/
3
8 .2 2 0
x x
x x
=
3/
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
9 3 .3 2 1 0
x x
x x = 4/
( )
2
3 2 2 .3 2 9 0
x x
x x =
5/
( )
2 3 2
3 3 10 .3 3 0
x x
x x

= 6/
1 1
4 2 .2 6 9
x x
x x =
7/
( )
25 2 3 .5 2 7 0
x x
x x = 8/
( )
2 2
3.25 3 10 .5 3 0
x x
x x

=
9/
( )
3.4 3 10 .2 3 0
x x
x x = 10/
( )
9 2 2 .3 2 5 0
x x
x x =
11/
( )
2 2
3.25 3 10 .5 3 0
x x
x x

= 12/
2 1 2
4 3 3 2.3 . 2 6
x x x
x x x
=
13/
( )
4 8 2 12 2 0
x x
x x = 14/
( ) ( )
4 .9 5 .3 1 0
x x
x x =
15/
( )
2 2
2 2
4 7 .2 12 4 0
x x
x x = 16/
( ) ( )
9 2 .3 2 4 0
x x
x x

=

Bi 7. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (t n ph dng 2: chia hai v cho c s ln nht hoc nh nht).

1/ 8 18 2.27
x x x
= 2/ 4.9 12 3.16 0
x x x
=
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

3/
1
8.4 9 6
x x x
= 4/
2 2
1 3
9 36.3 3 0
x x
=
5/
3 1
125 50 2
x x x
= 6/ 6.9 13.6 6.4 0
x x x
=
7/
2
4.3 9.2 5.6
x
x x
= 8/ 4 2.6 3.9
x x x
=
9/ 64.9 84.12 27.16 0
x x x
= 10/
1 1 1
4 6 9
x x x

=
11/ 3.16 2.81 5.36
x x x
= 12/
2 1
25 10 2
x x x
=
13/ 27 12 2.8
x x x
= 14/
1 1 1
6.9 13.6 6.4 0
x x x
=
15/
2 2
6.3 13.6 6.2 0
x x x
= 16/ 3.16 2.81 5.36
x x x
=
17/
1 1 1
2.4 6 9
x x x
= 18/
( ) ( )( ) ( )
7 5 2 2 5 3 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 0
x x x
=

Bi 8. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (t n ph dng 3).

1/
( ) ( )
2 2
2 3 2 3 4
x x
= 2/ 7 48 7 48 14
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )

3/ 5 2 6 5 2 6 10
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )
4/
( ) ( )
2
6. 5 1 2 5 1 2
x x
x
=
5/
3 3
3 8 3 8 6
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )
6/
( ) ( )
tan tan
8 3 7 8 3 7 16
x x
=
7/
( )
4 15 4 15 2 2
x x
x
1 1

=

( ) ( )
8/
3 3
3 8 3 8 6 0
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )

9/
( ) ( )
2 3 2 3 14
x x
= 10/ 2 3 2 3 4
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )

11/
( ) ( )( )
2 3 7 4 3 2 3 4
x x
= 12/
( )( ) ( )
3
2 3 5 21 7 5 21 2
x x
x
=
13/
( ) ( )
7 4 3 3. 2 3 2 0
x x
= 14/
7 3 5 7 3 5
7. 8
2 2
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )

15/ 6 35 6 35 12
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )
16/
( )
( )
( )
2
2
1 2 1
4
2 3 2 3
2 3
x x x
=

17/
( ) ( )
3
3 5 16. 3 5 2
x x
x
= 18/
( ) ( )
3 5 3 5 7.2 0
x x
x
=

Bi 9. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (a v phng trnh tch hoc phng php nh gi).

1/ 25.2 10 5 25
x x x
= 2/ 8 2.4 2 2 0
x x x
=
3/ 3.8 4.12 18 2.27 0
x x x x
= 4/
( ) ( )
2 1 1
.3 3 2 2 2 3
x x x x x
x x

=
5/
2
2 sin
x
x = 6/
( )
2
2 2
1
2 3 2
x
x x
=
7/
4 2
16 2 2
x x
x

= 8/
2 cos2 2
sin .2 0, 5. sin 2 cos 2 1
x
x x x =
9/
2 1 1
5 7 175 35 0
x x x
= 10/
3 6 3 4
2 1 2 1
.2 2 .2 2
x x
x x
x x

=
11/
2 2
2
2 4.2 2 4 0
x x x x x
=

12/
3
8 .2 2 0
x x
x x
=
15/ 2 3 1 6
x x x
= 14/
2 2 2
3 2 6 5 2 3 7
4 4 4 1
x x x x x x
=
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

15/
( )
2
2 2
1
1
4 2 2 1
x
x x x

= 16/
( ) ( )
2 1 1
.3 3 2 2 2 3
x x x x x
x x

=
17/
( )
sin 1 sin
4 2 cos 2 0
y
x x
xy
= 18/
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1
2 2 2 .2 1 0
x x x x
x x

=
19/
2
3 2 3 2
x x
x = 20/
2 3 2
.3 3 .(12 7 ) 8 19 12
x x
x x x x x =
21/
( )
4
2 cos , 0
x
x x = 22/
2
6 10 2
3 6 6
x x
x x

=
23/
sin
3 cos
x
x = 24/
3
2
2 cos 3 3
2
x x
x x

1

( )

25/
2
3 cos 2
x
x = 26/
2
2
2
1
2
x x
x
x

=
27/
2
5 cos 3
x
x = 28/
2 2
2 10 10
( 4 ) (4 )
x x
x x x

=

Bi 10. Gii cc phng trnh m sau (s dng tnh ng bin v nghch bin)

1/
1 1
2 2
x
x
1

=

( )
2/
1 3
3
x
x
1

=

( )

3/
1
1
3
x
x
1

=

( )
4/
2
2 3 1
x
x =
5/ 2 2
x
x = 6/
6
7 2
x
x
=
7/ 3 11
x
x = 8/ 2 3 10 0
x
x
=
9/ 3 5 2
x
x = 10/
1
2 4 1
x x
x
=
11/ 3 4
x
x = 12/
1
2 4 1
x x
x
=
13/ 4 7 9 2
x x
x = 14/ 6 2 5 3
x x x x
=
15/
2 1 3
5 5 1 0
x x
x
= 16/ 3 8 4 7
x x x x
=
17/
3 7
2
5 5
x
x
1

=

( )
18/ 2 5 7
x x x
=
19/ 2 3 5 10
x x x x
= 20/
( )
9 2 2 3 2 5 0
x x
x x =
21/
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 3 2 5
x x x
= 22/
( ) ( )
3 2 2 3 2 2 6
x x
x
=
23/
( ) ( )
3
3 5 16. 3 5 2
x x
x
= 24/ 3 3 2 2 6 2 6
x x x x x
x

=
25/
( ) ( )
2 3 2 3 4
x x
x
= 26/ 2 3 2 3 2
x x
x
1 1

=

( ) ( )

27/
2
2 2
1 1 2
2
2 2
2
x x
x x
x
x

= 28/ 9 15 10 14
x x x x
=
29/
2
1 2
2 2 ( 1)
x x x
x

= 30/
3 2
2 8 14
x
x x
=
31/
( )
3.4 3 10 .2 3 0
x x
x x = 32/
2 2
cos2
sin cos cos2
1
(2 2) (2 2) (2 2) 1
2
x
x x x
1

=

( )

Bi 11. Tm tham s m cc phng trnh sau c nghim:

1/ 9 3 0
x x
m = 2/ 9 .3 1 0
x x
m =
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

3/
1
4 2
x x
m
= 4/
( )
2 1 .2 0
x x
m m
=
5/ 25 2.5 2 0
x x
m = 6/
( )
2
16 1 .2 1 0
x x
m m =
7/ 25 .5 1 2 0
x x
m m = 8/
2 2
sin cos
81 81
x x
m =
9/
2 2
4 2 2
3 2.3 2 3 0
x x
m

= 10/
1 3 1 3
4 14.2 8
x x x x
m

=
11/
2 2
1 1
9 8.3 4
x x x x
m

= 12/
( )
2 2
1 1 1 1
9 2 .3 2 1 0
x x
m m

=

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Bi 12. Tm tham s m cc phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht.

1/ .2 2 5 0
x x
m

= 2/ .16 2.81 5.36
x x x
m =
3/
( ) ( )
5 1 . 5 1 2
x x
x
m = 4/
7 3 5 7 3 5
. 8
2 2
x x
m
1 1

=

( ) ( )

5/
3
4 2 3
x x
m
= 6/ 9 .3 1 0
x x
m =

Bi 13. Tm tham sm cc phng trnh m sau c hai nghim phn bit tri du

1/
( )
2
49 1 .7 2 0
x x
m m m = 2/
( ) ( )
1
1 .4 3 2 .2 3 1 0
x x
m m m
=
3/
( )
9 3 1 .3 5 2 0
x x
m m = 4/
( ) ( )
3 .16 2 1 .4 1 0
x x
m m m =
5/
( )
4 2 1 .2 3 8 0
x x
m m = 6/ 4 2 6
x x
m =

Bi 14. Tm tham sm cc phng trnh:

1/ .16 2.81 5.36
x x x
m = c hai nghim dng phn bit.
2/
( )
16 .8 2 1 .4 .2
x x x x
m m m = c ba nghim phn bit.
3/
2 2
2
4 2 6
x x
m
= c ba nghim phn bit.

4/
2 2
9 4.3 8
x x
m = c ba nghim phn bit.

Bi 15. Gii phng trnh v tm tham s.

1/ Cho phng trnh:
( ) ( )
2 3 2 3
x x
m =
( )

a/ Gii phng trnh
( )
khi 4 m = .
b/ Tm m sao cho phng trnh
( )
c 2 nghim phn bit.
2/ Cho phng trnh:
( )
4 4 2 1 0
x x
m =
( )

a/ Gii phng trnh
( )
khi 1 m = .
b/ Tmm phng trnh
( )
c nghim.
3/ Cho phng trnh:
( )
.9 3 1 3 5 2 0
x x
m m m =
( )

a/ Gii phng trnh
( )
khi 2 m = .
b/ Tmm phng trnh
( )
c 2 nghim tri du.
4/ Cho phng trnh: .16 2.81 5.36
x x x
m =
( )

a/ Gii phng trnh
( )
khi 3 m =
b/ Tmm phng trnh
( )
c duy nht mt nghim.
5/ Cho phng trnh:
2
2
2
1
1
3
x x
m m
1

=

( )
( )

a/ Gii phng trnh
( )
khi 1 m =
b/ Tmm phng trnh
( )
c 4 nghim phn bit.
6/ Cho phng trnh: 4 4 .2 2 2 0
x x
m m =
( )

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

a/ Gii phng trnh
( )
khi 1 m = .
b/ Gii v bin lun phng trnh
( )
theo tham sm .
7/ Cho phng trnh:
7 3 5 7 3 5
8
2 2
x x
m
1 1

=

( ) ( )
( )

a/ Gii phng trnh
( )
khi 7 m = .
b/ Bin lun theom s nghim ca phng trnh
( )
.
8/ Tm tham sm phng trnh
2
4 3
4 2
1
1
5
x x
m m

1

=

( )
c 4 nghim phn bit.
9/ Cho phng trnh:
( )
2
4 2 1 .2 0
x x
m m m =
( )

a/ Gii phng trnh
( )
khi 1 m = v
1
2
m = .
b/ Tm tham sm phng trnh
( )
c nghim.
c/ Gii v bin lun phng trnh cho.
10/ Cho phng trnh:
( ) ( )
.4 2 1 .2 4 0
x x
m m m =
a/ Gii phng trnh
( )
khi 0 m = v 1 m = .
( )
c nghim.
c/ Tm tham sm phng trnh
( )
c nghim 1;1 x
l

l
l
.
11/ Cho phng trnh:
1
4 .2 2 0
x x
m m
=
( )

a/ Gii phng trnh
( )
khi 2 m = .
( )
c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x v tha mn
1 2
3 x x = .
12/ Tm tham sm hm s:
( )
( )
2
2
2
cos
1 sin
3 3
1
1 . 2 2
2
x
x
x x
y f x
m m

= =
1

( )
nhn gi tr m vi mi x .

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Bi 5: PHNG TRNH LOGARIT

1. Phng trnh logarit c bn

Vi 0, 1 : log
b
a
a a x b x a = =

2. Mt s phng php gii phng trnh logarit

C a v cng c s:
Vi 0, 1 : a a
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

log log
0 0
a a
f x g x
f x g x
f x hay g x
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1

1
1+

C M ha:
Vi
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
0, 1 : log
g x
a
a a f x g x f x a = =
C t n ph.
C S dng tnh n iu ca hm s.
C a v phng trnh dng t bit.
Phng php i lp.

3. Lu

Khi gii phng trnh logarit, cn ch n iu kin phng trnh c ngha. Nu iu kin y qu phc
tp, ta khng nn tm ra chi tit. Hin nhin, khi tm c nghim nn th vo iu kin kim tra nghim.
Vi , , 0 a b c v , , 1 a b c th:
log log
log
b b
a
c a
b
a c
b a
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Cc cng thc logarit thng s dng:
( )
CT.1 log log log .
a a a
b c b c = CT.2 log log log
a a a
b
b c
c
1

=

( )

CT.3
. log
log
. log
a
a
a
b
b
b
'
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1+
CT
1
.4 log . log
a
a
b b
=
CT.
1
5 log
log
a
b
b
a
= CT.
log
6 log
log
a
b
a
c
c
b
=

4. Mt s th d

Bi gii tham kho
1/ Gii phng trnh:
( )
3
log 2 1 2 x =
( )
1
Th d 1. Gii cc phng trnh logarit sau (p dng cng thc logarit a v cng c s).
1/
( )
3
log 2 1 2 x = 2/
( ) ( )
2 2
log 2 log 2 2 x x =
3/
( ) ( ) ( )
2
log 2 3 lg 3 lg 1 x x x x = 4/
( ) ( )
25 5 5
2 log 3 11 log 27 3 log 8 x x =
5/
3
3
5 0,2
25
log log log 7 x x x = 6/
( )
2 2
log log 1 1 x x =
7/
( )
2
2 2
5
log log 25 0
5
x
x
x
8/
( ) ( )
4 2 2 4
log log log log 2 x x =
Nu l
Nu chn
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

iu kin:
1
2 1 0
2
x x
( ) ( ) ( )

2
2 2
1 5
1 log 2 1 log 2 2 1
4 8
x x x N
= = =
2/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )
2 2
log 2 log 2 2 x x =
( )
2
iu kin:
2 0 2
2
2 0 2
x x
x
x x
' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+ +

( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( )
( )

2
2 2
2 2
2 log 2 2 log 4 2 2 4 8
2 2
x N
x x x x x
x L
=
= = =

3/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
log 2 3 lg 3 lg 1 x x x x =
( )
3
iu kin:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
; 3 1; 2 3 0
3 0 3; 1;
1 0 1;
x x x
x x x
x x
' '
1 1

1 1
1 1
1 1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
+ 1+

( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )
2 2
10 10
3 log 2 3 3 log 1 2 3 3 1 x x x x x x x x = =

( )( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

2
2
1
1 3 1 0 1 6 8 0 2 2 :
4
x L
x x x x x x x L VN
x L
= = =

4/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )
25 5 5
2 log 3 11 log 27 3 log 8 x x =
iu kin:
11
3 11 0
27
3
27 0
27
x
x
x
x
x
'
1
'
1 1

1 1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+
1
1+

( ) ( ) ( )
2
3
5 5 5
5
4 2log 3 11 log 27 log 5 log 8 x x =
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )

5 5 5 5 5 5
2
1
2. log 3 11 log 27 log 125 log 8 log 3 11 27 log 1000
2
19
3 11 27 1000 3 92 703 0 3
37
x x x x
x L
x x x x
x N
= =
= =

5/ Gii phng trnh:
3
3
5 0,2
25
log log log 7 x x x =
( )
5
iu kin: 0 x
( )

1 2
3
3
5 5 5 5
5
5
5 5 5
3
5 log log log 7 3log log log 7
2
3 7
3 1 log 7 log 7 log 2 25
2 2
x x x x x x
x x x x
= =
1

= = = =

( )

6/ Gii phng trnh:
1
2 2
log log 1
x x
=
( )
6
iu kin:
0 0
1
1 0 1
x x
x
x x
' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+ +

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )

2 2 2
1
6 log 1 1 log 1 log 2 1 2
2
x L
x x x x x x
x N
l l
= = =

l l
l l
=

7/ Gii phng trnh:
( )
2
2 2
5
log log 25 0
5
x
x
x

( )
7
iu kin:
2
5
5
0
5
5
25 0
x
x
x
x
x
'
1
1
<
1
1
!

1
1

1
1+

( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )

2
2
2 2
5 25
6
7 log 0 log 5 0 5 1 6
4 5
x x
x N
x x x
x L x
= = = =

8/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( ) ( )

4 2 2 4
log log log log 2 8 x x =
iu kin:
0
2
0
4
0 0
log 0 2 1
log 0 4
x x
x x x
x x
' '
1 1

1 1
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
+ +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )

2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1
8 log log log log 2 log log log log 2
2 2
1 1 3
log log log log log 3 log log 3
2 2 2
log log 2 log 4 16
x x x x
x x x
x x x
1

= =

( )
= =
= = =

Bi gii tham kho
1/ Gii phng trnh:
( )
2
log 9 2 3
x
x =
( )
1
iu kin: 9 2 0 2 9
x x
<
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )

3 3
2 2
8
1 log 9 2 log 2 9 2 2 2 9 0 1'
2
x x
x x x
x

= = =
t: 2 0
x
t = . Khi :
( )
2
1
8
1' 9 0 9 8 0
8
t
t t t
t
t
= =

Vi 1 2 1 0
x
t x = = = . Thay vo iu kin:
0
2 9 : < thaNhn nghim: 0 x =
Vi 8 2 8 3
x
3
2 9 : < tha Nhn nghim: 3 x =
Th d 2. Gii cc phng trnh logarit (a v cng c s)
1/
( )
2
log 9 2 3
x
x = 2/
( )
1
3
log 3 26 2
x
x
=
3/
( )
4 2 4
log 3 log 1 2 log 8 x x = 4/
( )
2
4
4 2
log log 4 10 0
4
x
x
1

=

( )

5/
( ) ( )
2
3 3
2log 2 log 4 0 x x = 6/
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 3
1 1 1
4 4 4
3
log 2 3 log 4 log 6
2
x x x =
7/
2 2 1
2
log 2 log 5 log 8 0 x x = 8/
( )
( )
( )
2
2
6 2
3
2 2 2 2
1
log 3 4 .log 8 log log 3 4
3
x x x x
l
=
l
l
l
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

2/ Gii phng trnh:
( )
1
3
log 3 26 2
x
x
=
( )
2
iu kin:
1
26
3 26 0 3
3
x x
. Lc :
( ) ( ) ( )

1 2
9
2 3 26 3 3.3 26 0 2'
3
x x x
x

= =
t 3 0
x
t = . Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
1
9
2' 3 26 0 3 26 9 0
3
9
t L
t t t
t
t N
= =

Vi 9 3 9 2
x
2
26
3 :
3
thaNhn nghim: 2 x =
3/ Gii phng trnh:
( )
4 2 4
log 3 log 1 2 log 8 x x =
( )
3
iu kin:
3 0 3
1
1 0 1
x x
x
x x
' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+ +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2
2
1
2
4 4 4 4 4 4
4
4
3 log 3 log 1 2log 4 log 8 log 3 log 1 log
8
x x x x
1

= =

( )

4 8
3 3
log log 2 2 5
1 1
x x
x
x x
1

= = =

( )
(tha K)
4/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )

2
4
4 2
log log 4 10 0 4
4
x
x
1

=

( )

iu kin: 0 x
( )
2 2 4 4
4 4 2 2 2 2
4 log log 4 log 4 log 10 0 log 2 8 4 log 10 0 x x x x = =

0
2
log 0 2 1 1 x x x = = = = (tha K).
5/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( ) ( )

2
3 3
2 log 2 log 4 0 5 x x =
iu kin:
( )
2
2 0
2
4
4 0
x
x
x
x
'
1 '
1
1
1 1
! !
1 1

1 1
+
1+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( )

3 3 3
2
2
5 2 log 2 2 log 4 0 log 2 4 0 2 4 1
2 4 1 6 7 0
3 2
4 4
4
6 9 0 2 4 1 3
2 4 2 4 2 4
x x x x x x
x x x x
x
x x
x
x x x x x
x x x
= = =
' ' '
1 1 1
= =
=
1 1 1 1 1 1
! ! !
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 + +
1+

' '
' 1 1 1 = = =
1 1
1 1 1

! ! !

1 1 < < < < 1 < <
1 1 1 1 1 + + +
3 2
3
x
x

6/ Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 3
1 1 1
4 4 4
3
log 2 3 log 4 log 6
2
x x x =
iu kin:
( )
( )
( )
2
3
3
2 0
2 2
2
4 0 4 0 4
6 4
6 0 6
6 0
x
x x
x
x x x
x
x x
x
'
1
1 ' '
1 1
1
1 1
' 1
1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1
<
! ! ! !
1 1 1 1 < <
1 1 1 1
+
1 1 1
1 1 1
+ +
1
1+

( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4
1
6 3log 2 3log 3 log 4 3 log 6
4
x x x =
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

( )( ) ( )( )

1 1
4 4
log 4 2 log 4 6 4 2 4 6 x x x x x x = =
( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )( )
2
2
2
2
2 2
8
2 4 2 4 6 6 16 0
2
2 2
2 32 0 4 2 4 6 1 33
1 33
x
x
x x
x
x x x x x x
x
x x x
x x x x x x
x
'
1
1
1
' ' =
1 1 !

1 1 1 1 1
1 ! !

= 1 1 1 = = =

1 1 1 +
1 1 + +

'
1 ' ' <
1 1 < < =
1
1 1
1 1
1

! ! 1

1
1 1 = = =
!
1 1
1 1 + + 1

1
1
=
1
1+
1 33

7/ Gii phng trnh:
( )

2 2 1
2
log 2 log 5 log 8 0 7 x x =
iu kin:
2 0 2
5 0 5
x x
x x
' '
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
1 1
+ +

( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
2 2
7 log 2 5 log 8 2 5 8 x x x x = =
( )( )
( )( )
2
2
3
2 5 8 3 18 0
6
3 2 0 2 5 8
3 17
2
x
x x x x
x
x x x x
x
=

= =

=

= =

8/ Gii phng trnh:
( )
( )
( ) ( )

2
2
6 2
3
2 2 2 2
1
log 3 4 . log 8 log log 3 4 8
3
x x x x
l
=
l
l
l

iu kin:
( )
( )
6
2
3
3 4 0
3 4 0
4 3 4 0
0
0
3
0
0
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
'
1
1
1
1
1
'
1 1

1 1
<
! !
1 1
1 1
+
1
1
1
1
1+

( )
2
2
2 2 2 2
6 1
8 log 3 4 .3 log 8 log 2 log 3 4
3 2
x x x x
1
l
=
l
l
( )

( ) ( )

2 2
2 2 2 2
6 log 3 4 . log 2 log 4 log 3 4 x x x x =
( ) ( )

2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 log log 3 4 . log 2 log 3 4 2 log 3 4 . log 0 x x x x x x =
( ) ( )

2 2 2 2 2 2
log log log 3 4 2 log 3 4 log 3 4 log 0 x x x x x x =
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

( )( )
( )

2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2
log log 3 4 log 2 log 3 4 0
log log 3 4
log log 3 4 0
log 2 log 3 4 0
log 2 log 3 4 log 3 4
0
0
3 4
3 4
3 4
3 4
9 25 16 0
x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
=
=
=

= = =

'

'
1
1
1
=
1
1
=

!
1
=

1
1 =
1
= 1+
1
2
16
9
x
x
x
1
1
1
=
1
1

1
= !
1

1
1
1
=
1
1
+

Th d 2. Gii cc phng trnh logarit (a v cng c s hoc m ha)

1/
( )
2
log 9 2 3
x
x = S: 0; 3 x x = =
2/
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
2 2
2
log 1 log 1 log 7 1 x x x = S: 3 x =
3/
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 3
1 1 1
4 4 4
3
log 2 3 log 4 log 6
2
x x x = S: 2; 1 33 x x = =
4/
( ) ( )
2
2 4 1
2
log 2 log 5 log 8 0 x x = S:
3 17
6;
2
x x

= =
5/
2 2 1
2
log 2 log 5 log 8 0 x x = S:
3 17
3; 6
2
x x hay x

= = =
6/
( )
4 2
2 1
1 1
log 1 log 2
log 4 2
x
x x
= S:
5
2
x =
7/
( )
2
5
log 2 65 2
x
x x
= S: 5 x =
Th d 3. Gii cc phng trnh logarit (s dng phng php t n ph, hon ton)

1/
1 2
1
5 log 1 log x x
=

S: 100; 1000 x x = =
2/
( ) ( )
2 1
2 2
log 2 1 . log 2 2 2
x x
= S: 0 x =
3/
2 2
3 3
log log 1 5 0 x x = S:
3
3 x

=
4/
( )
3 9
3
4
2 log . log 3 1
1 log
x
x
x
=
S:
1
; 81
3
x x = =
5. Bi tp rn luyn

Bi 1. Gii cc phng trnh logarit sau (a v cng c s)

1/
( )
2
log 1 1 x x
l
=
l
l
2/
( )
2 2
log log 1 1 x x =
3/
( )
ln ln 1 0 x x = 4/
( )
3 3
log 7 2log 2 2 x
l
=
l
l

5/
5 25 0,2
log log log 3 x x = 6/
2
5 1 5 1
5 25
log ( 1) log 5 log ( 2) 2log ( 2) x x x =
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

7/
1
lg( 6) lg(2 3) 2 lg25
2
x x = 8/
5 5 5
log log ( 6) log ( 2) x x x =
9/
( )
2 1
8
log 2 6. log 3 5 2 x x = 10/
( ) ( )
2 2
log 3 log 1 3 x x =
11/
( ) ( )
4 4 4
log 3 log 1 2 log 8 x x = 12/
( ) ( )
lg 2 lg 3 1 lg5 x x =
13/
( ) ( )
8 8
2
2 log 2 log 3
3
x x = 14/ lg 5 4 lg 1 2 lg 0,18 x x =
15/
( ) ( )
2
3 3
log 6 log 2 1 x x = 16/
( ) ( )
2 2
5
1
log 3 log 1
log 2
x x =
17/
( )
4 4
log log 10 2 x x = 18/
( ) ( )
5 1
5
log 1 log 2 0 x x =
19/
( ) ( )
2 2 2
log 1 log 3 log 10 1 x x = 20/
( ) ( )
9 3
log 8 log 26 2 0 x x =


1/
( ) ( )
2 2
2 0,5
2log 1 log 1 3 x x x x = 2/
2
2 0,5 0,25 2
log ( 3) log 5 2log ( 1) log ( 1) x x x =
3/
3 1
3
3
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 lg 2 1 lg 1 2lg 1 x x x x =
5/
4 1 8
16
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 lg 4 4 1 lg 19 2lg 1 2 x x x x =
7/
2 4 8
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
2 2
2
log 1 log 1 1 log 7 x x x =
9/
2 2 3 3
log log log log x x = 10/
2 3 3 2
log log log log x x =
11/
2 3 3 2 3 3
log log log log log log x x x = 12/
2 3 4 4 3 2
log log log log log log x x =
13/
2 3 4 20
log log log log x x x x = 14/
2 3 5 2 3 5
log log log log . log . log x x x x x x =
15/
3
2 3 3 2
3 1
(log ). log log log
2
3
x
x x
x
= 16/
1 2
2
log 1 log 2 0
2 4
x x
1

=

( )

17/
2
( 3)
lg( 2 3) lg 0
( 1)
x
x x
x
l
l
=
l
l
18/
2 2 2
2 3 6
log ( 1).log ( 1) log ( 1) x x x x x x =
19/
0,25
( 3)
2
2log (4 )
log 6 1
log ( 3)
x
x
x
l
l
=
20/
2 4
cos
log tan log 0
2cos sin
x
x
x x
l
l
=
l
l

21/
log 2 log 4
4 2
log log 2
x x
= 22/
( )
4 3 2 2
1
log 2log 1 log 1 3 log
2
x l
=
l
l

23/
( ) ( )
lg 2 1 lg 3 2lg x x x = 24/
( ) ( ) ( )
ln 1 ln 3 ln 7 x x x =

1/
( )
2
log 9 2 3
x
x = 2/
( )
3
log 3 8 2
x
x =
3/
( )
7
log 6 7 1
x
x
= 4/
( )
1
3
log 4.3 1 2 1
x
x
=
5/
( )
( )
5
log 3
2
log 9 2 5
x
x

= 6/
( )
2
log 3.2 1 2 1 0
x
x =
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

7/
( )
2
log 12 2 5
x
x = 8/
( )
5
log 26 3 2
x
=
9/
( )
1
2
log 5 25 2
x x
= 10/
( )
1
4
log 3.2 5
x
x
=
11/
( )
1
1
6
log 5 25 2
x x
= 12/
( )
1
1
5
log 6 36 2
x x
=

Bi 4. Gii cc phng trnh logarit (a v cng c s)

1/
( )
2
5
log 2 65 2
x
x x
= 2/
( )
2
1
log 4 5 1
x
x x
=
3/
( )
2
log 5 8 3 2
x
x x = 4/
( )
3 2
1
log 2 2 3 1 3
x
x x x
=
5/
( )
3
log 1 2
x
x
= 6/
( )
log 2 2
x
x =
7/
( )
2
2
log 5 6 2
x
x x = 8/
( )
2
3
log 1
x
x x
=
9/
( )
2
log 2 7 12 2
x
x x = 10/
( )
2
log 2 3 4 2
x
x x =
11/
( )
2
log 2 1
x
x = 12/
( )
2
3 5
log 9 8 2 2
x
x x
=
13/
( )
2
2 4
log 1 1
x
x
= 14/
15
log 2
1 2
x
x
=

15/
( )
2
log 3 2 1
x
x = 16/
( ) 2
3
log 3 1
x x
x
=
17/
( )
2
log 2 5 4 2
x
x x = 18/
2
16 64
log log 3
x
x
=

Bi 5. Gii cc phng trnh logarit (t n ph, dng t n ph hon ton)

1/
3 2
log 2log 2 log x x x = 2/
2
2 2
log 4 log 3 0 x x =
3/
( )
3 3
log 27 3 log 1 0 x x = 4/
2 2
3 3
log log 1 5 0 x x =
5/
2
2 1
2
2
log 3log log 2 x x x = 6/
4
7
log 2 log 0
6
x
x =
7/
2
2
1 2
2
log 4 log 8
8
x
x = 8/
2
2 1
2
2
log 3log log 0 x x x =
9/
2
2
log 16 log 64 3
x
x
= 10/
5
1
log log 2
5
x
x =
11/
7
1
log log 2
7
x
x = 12/
5
1
2 log 2 log
5
x
x =
13/
2 2
3 log log 4 0 x x = 14/
3 3
3 log log 3 1 0 x x =
15/
3
3
2 2
4
log log
3
x x = 16/
3
3
2 2
2
log log
3
x x =
17/
2
2 4
1
log 2log 0 x
x
= 18/
( ) ( )
2
2 1
4
log 2 8 log 2 5 x x =
19/
2
5 25
log 4 log 5 5 0 x x = 20/
2
9
log 5 log 5 log 5
4
x x x
x =
21/
2
9
log 3 log 1
x
x = 22/
( ) ( )
1
3 3
log 3 1 . log 3 3 6
x x
=
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

23/
( ) ( )
5 3
3
log 2 . log 2log 2 x x x = 24/
( ) ( )
1
2 2
log 2 1 . log 2 2 2
x x
=
25/ log 5 log 5
x x
x = 26/
2
sin
cos
log 4. log 2 4
x
x
=
27/
2
cos
cos
log 4. log 2 1
x
x
= 28/
1 2
1
4 lg 2 lg x x
=

29/
1 3
1
5 lg 3 lg x x
=

30/
2 2
1 2
1
4 log 2 log x x
=

31/
2 2
4 4
4 log 2log 1 0 x x = 32/
3 2
log 10 log 10 6log 10 0
x x x
=
33/
2
log 5 5 1, 25 log 5
x x
= 34/
( ) ( )
2
2 4
log 5 1 . log 5 1 1
x x
=
35/
( )
2
2
2
log 2 . log 2 1
x
x = 36/
( )
2
3 3
log 3 3 4. log 2 0
x
x
=
37/
2 2
log 2 log 4 3
x
x = 38/
3 81
log 3. log 3 log 3 0
x x x
=
39/
2 3
2 16 4
log 14log 40log 0
x x x
x x x = 40/
2 1
log 1 log 64 1
x
x
=
41/
2lg 2
lg
lg 1 lg 1
x
x
x x
=

42/
1 1
3 3
log 2 3 log 1 x x =
43/
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 3 6
log 1 . log 1 log 1 x x x x x x =

Bi 6. Gii cc phng trnh logarit (t n ph, dng t n ph khng hon ton)

1/
( ) ( ) ( )
2
5 5
log 1 5 log 1 16 x x x = 2/
( )
2
3 3
log 12 log 11 0 x x x x =
3/
2
2 2
lg lg . log 4 2log 0 x x x x = 4/
2 2
log log 6 2
6.9 6. 13.
x
x x =
5/
( )
2
2 2
. log 2 1 log 4 0 x x x x = 6/
( )
2
2 2
7/
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
2 log 1 4 1 log 1 16 x x x x = 8/
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
3 log 2 4 2 log 2 16 x x x x =
9/
( ) 2
2
log 2 log 2
x x
x x
= 10/
( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
log 1 5 log 1 2 6 x x x x =
11/
( )
2
2 2
log 1 log 6 2 x x x x = 12/
3 3
4 log 1 log 4 x x =
13/
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
log 3 2 log 7 12 3 log 3 0 x x x x =

Bi 7. Gii cc phng trnh logarit (s dng cng thc bin i, t n ph)

1/
9 9 3
log log log 27
4 6.2 2 0
x x
= 2/
3 3 3
log log log 9
4 5.2 2 0
x x
=
3/
2
2 3
log 1 2 log
2 48
x x
x
= 4/
2
2 2
log 1 2 log
2 224
x x
x
=
5/
2
2 2 3 2 3
log log log log .log 0 x x x x x = 6/
( )
7 3
log log 2 x x =
7/
( ) ( )
2 3
log 3 log 2 2 x x = 8/
( ) ( )
3 5
log 1 log 2 1 2 x x =
9/
( )
6
log
2 6
log 3 log
x
x x = 10/
( )
7
log 3
4
x
x
=
11/
( )
2 3
log 1 log x x = 12/
2 2 2
log 9 log log 3 2
.3
x
x x x =
13/
( ) ( )
2 2
3 7 2 3
log 4 12 9 log 6 23 21 4
x x
x x x x

= 14/
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2log log log .log 2 x x x x x x =
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

15/
3
2 lg 1 lg 1 x x = 16/
( ) ( )
2 2
2
log 1 3log 1 2 x x x x =
17/
3 3
3 3
1 log 1 log 1 x x = 18/
( ) ( )
2 2
4 4
3 log 4 2 5 log 4 6 x x x x =
19/
2
1 lg 10 x x = 20/
3
3
2 3
log 2 3 3log 2 x x =
21/
2
2 2
log log 1 1 x x = 22/
( )
6
6 3log 5 1 2 1
x
x x =
23/
( )
1
7
7 6. log 6 5 1
x
x
= 24/
( )
5 5
2 log 2 log 2
5 2 5
x x
=

Bi 8. Gii phng trnh logarit (s dng tnh n iu ca hm s)

1/
( )
2
log 3 1 1 x x = 2/
1
3
log 4 x x =
3/
3
log 4 x x = 4/
1
2
2 log 5 x x =
5/
3
log 11
x
x = 6/
( )
5
log 3
2
x
x
=
7/
( )
2
log 3
3
x
x
= 8/
( )
2 3
log 1 log x x =
9/
1
2
1
2 2 log
x x
x
x

= 10/
( )

2 2
log 3 log 5
; 0 x x x x =
11/
2 2
log log 2
3 5
x x
x = 12/
( )
5
log 3 3 x x =
13/
( )
2
log 3 x x = 14/
( ) ( )
2
2 2
15/
2
log
2.3 3
x
x = 16/
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
4 2 log 3 log 2 15 1 x x x x
l
=
l
l

17/
3 2
2log cot log cos x x = 18/
( )
4 8
6 4
2log log x x x =
19/
( )
4
2 3
1
log log
4
x x x = 20/
( )
2 2
3 3
log 1 log 2 x x x x x =

Bi 9. Gii cc phng trnh logarit (a v phng trnh tch hoc dng phng php i lp)

1/
2 7 2 7
log 2log 2 log . log x x x x = 2/
2 3 3 2
log . log 3 3. log log x x x x =
3/
( )
( )
2
9 3 3
2 log log . log 2 1 1 x x x = 4/
( )
2 3
ln sin 1 sin 0 x x =
5/
( )
2 2
2
log 1 1 x x x = 6/
( )
2 1 3 2
2
3
8
2 2
log 4 4 4
x x
x x

=

Bi 10. Gii cc phng trnh logarit (c cha lng gic)

1/
5 15
1 1 1
log sin log cos
2 2 2
5 5 15
x x
= 2/
5 9
1 1 1
log cos log sin
2 2 2
6 3 9
x x
=
3/
( )
( )
2
1
25
log 2 5
1
3 5
3 5
x x
x
x

=
4/
( )
( )
2
1
4
log 1 7 2
1
2 1
2 1
x x
x
x

=

5/
2 4
cos
log tan log 0
2cos sin
x
x
x x
=
6/
2 2
7 7
3sin2 2sin
log log 2
sin2 cos
x x
x x
x x

=
7/
( )
2
2 2
3log sin log 1 cos2 2 x x = 8/
1 3
3
log sin cos 2 log sin sin 0
2 2
x x
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

9/
( ) ( ) 2 2
6 6
10 10
log sin 3 sin log sin2
x x x x
x x x

= 10/
( )
tan 2
tan2
3 3
3 0
3
x
x
=
11/
1 6
6
3 3 3 3
log sin 3tan log sin 3 tan2 0
2 2 2 2
x x
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )

12/
1 5
5
3 3 3 3
log cos tan2 log cos 3tan 0
2 2 2 2
x x
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )

Bi 11. Tm tham s m cc phng trnh logarit sau c nghim duy nht.

1/
( )
3
3
log 3 log x mx = 2/
( )
2 lg 3 1 lg x mx =
3/
( ) ( )
2
lg lg 8 3 3 x mx x m = 4/
( ) ( )
2
lg 2 lg 8 6 3 0 x mx x m =
5/
( ) ( )
2
1
10
lg 2 1 log 4 0 x m x mx = 6/
( ) ( )
2
2 3 2 3
log 2 1 log 2 2 0 x m x x m

l
=
l
l

7/
( ) ( )
2
2
log 2 log x mx = 8/
( )
2
5 2 5 2
log 1 log 0 x mx m x

=
9/
( ) ( )
2
3 3
log 4 log 2 2 1 x mx x m = 10/
( ) ( )
2
2 2 7 2 2 7
log 1 log 0 x m mx x

=

Bi 12. Bi ton lin quan n tm tham s.

1/ Tm tham s m phng trnh:
( )
2
log 4 1
x
m x = c hai nghim phn bit.
( )
3
3
log 9 9 2
x
m = c hai nghim phn bit.
( )
2
3 3
log 2 . log 3 1 0 x m x m = c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x tha:
1 2
27 x x = .
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
4 2
2 log 2 2 4 log 2 x x m m x mx m = c hai
nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x tha:
2 2
1 2
1 x x .
5/ Cho phng trnh:
2 2
3 3
log log 1 2 1 0 x x m =
a/ Gii phng trnh khi 2 m =
b/ Tm m phng trnh c t nht mt nghim trn
3
1; 3
l
l
l
.
6/ Cho phng trnh:
( )
2 2 2
2 1 4
2
log log 3 log 3 x x m x =
b/ Tmm phng trnh c nghim 32 x
7/ Cho phng trnh:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1
2 2
1 log 2 5 log 2 1 0 m x m x m =
b/ Tm m phng trnh c nghim
1 2
, x x tha:
1 2
2 4 x x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1
2 2
3 log 4 2 1 log 4 2 0 m x m x m = c hai
nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x tha:
1 2
4 6 x x < < < .
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
4 log 2 2 1 log 2 1 0 m x m x m = c hai
nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x tha:
1 2
0 2 x x < < < .
10/ Cho phng trnh:
( )
2
2 1
2
4. log log 0 x x m =
b/ Tmm phng trnh c nghim trn
( )
0;1
11/ Cho phng trnh:
( ) ( )
2
lg 2 lg 2 1 0 x mx x m = . Tmm phng trnh c duy nht mt
nghim.
12/ Cho phng trnh:
2 2
2
log . log log log 4. log
2
m
m m x x
x
m x m = . Tmm phng trnh sau
c nghim v tm nghim .
13/ Cho phng trnh: 2 log 1 log 1
m m
x x = . Tmm tng bnh phng tt c cc nghim ca
phng trnh bng 34.
14/ Cho phng trnh:
( )
( )
( )
2
log 4 2 3
2 2 . 2
x
m
x x
=
a/ Gii phng trnh vi 2 m = .
b/ Tm tham s m phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x tha:
1 2
5
4
2
x x <
15/ Tm
( )
5;16 , bit rng phng trnh:
cos sin
2
3 1
1 cos
2 8 3
x x
ax

1 1

=

( ) ( )
c nghim 1;2
l
l
l
.
16/ Tm
( )
2; 7 , bit rng phng trnh:
2
3
5
log 1 sin cos 1
2 2
x ax

l 1

l
=

l

( )
l
l
c nghim
thuc 1;2
l
l
l
.

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

ng bin trnD th:
( ) ( )
f u f v u v < <
nghch bin trnD th:
( ) ( )
f u f v u v <
Bi 6: BT PHNG TRNH H PHNG TRNH M V LOGARIT

1. Bt phng trnh m

Khi gii bt phng trnh m, ta cn ch n tnh n iu ca hm s m.

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
0 1
f x g x
a
f x g x
a a
x
f x g x
'
1
1 1
!
1
1+

'
1 < <
1
1
1 <
1
1+
. Tng t vi bt phng trnh dng:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
f x g x
f x g x
f x g x
a a
a a
a a
<

Trong trng hp c sa c cha n s th:
( )( )
1 0
M N
a a a M N .
Ta cng thng s dng cc phng php gii tng t nh i vi phng trnh m:
+ a v cng c s.
+ t n ph.
+ S dng tnh n iu:
( )
( )
y f x
y f x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

+

2. Bt phng trnh logarit

Khi gii bt phng trnh logarit, ta cn ch n tnh n iu ca hm s logarit.

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
0
log log
0 1
0
a a
a
f x g x
f x g x
a
f x g x
'
1
1 1
!
1
1+

'
1 < <
1
1
1 < <
1
1+

Trong trng hp c s a c cha n s th:
+
( )( )
log 0 1 1 0
a
B a B
+
( )( )
log
0 1 1 0
log
a
a
A
A B
B

Ta cng thng s dng cc phng php gii tng t nh i vi phng trnh logarit:
+ a v cng c s.
+ t n ph.
+

3. H phng trnh m v logarit

Khi gii h phng trnh m v logarit, ta cng dng cc phng php gii h phng trnh hc nh:
Phng php th.
Phng php cng i s.
Phng php t n ph.
Phng php dng tnh n iu ca hm s.

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

4. Mt s th d

Bi gii tham kho
1/ Gii bt phng trnh:
( )

2
9 17 11 7 5
1 1
1
2 2
x x x
1 1

( ) ( )

( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
1 9 17 11 7 5 9 12 4 0 3 2 0
3
x x x x x x x = =
( )

2
1
1
3 2
9
x
x
x
1

( )

iu kin: 1 x
( )
2
2
1
2 2 1
2 3 3 2 2 0 2 1 0
1 1 1
x
x
x
x x
x x x
x x x

1

< <

( )

( )

2 2
2
0
1 0
1
x x
x
x
x
<
<
< <
. Kt hp vi iu kin
2
1 0
x
x
<
< <

( )

1 2 2 1
3 5 3 5 3
x x x x

( )
5
3
5 3 3
3 25.5 5.5 9.3 3.3 20.5 6.3 log
3 10 10
x
x x x x x x
x
1

( )

( )

2
2 1 1
2 2
1 1
4
2 2
x x x
x x

1 1

( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 1
4 1 . 2 1 1 0 2 2 0
2 2
x x x x x x x
l 1 1
l
l

l
l
l
( ) ( )
l
l

( )

1 1
; 1 ; 0 ;
2 2
x
l l
l l

l l
l l
.

Th d 1. Gii cc bt phng trnh m sau.
1/
2
9 17 11 7 5
1 1
2 2
x x x
1 1

( ) ( )

( )
1 2/
2
1
1
3
9
x
x
x
1

( )

( )
2
3/
1 2 2 1
3 5 3 5
x x x x

( )
3 4/
2
2 1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2
x x x
x x

1 1

( ) ( )

( )
4
Th d 2. Gii cc bt phng trnh m sau:
1/
2
2
2
2
1
9 2 3
3
x x
x x

( )

( )
1 2/
1 1 1
9.25 16.15 25.9
x x x

( )
2
3/ 2 4.5 4 10
x x x
<
( )
3 4/
1
1 1
3 1 1 3
x x

( )
4
5/
1
2 2 1
x x
<
( )
5 6/
2 2
2 2 1
9 7.3 2
x x x x x x

( )
6
7/
4
4
1
2
2.3 9 9
x
x x x

( )
7 8/
2 4 4
3 8.3 9.9 0
x x x x

( )
8
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com


Bi gii tham kho
1/ Gii phng trnh:
( )

2
2
2
2
1
9 2 3 1
3
x x
x x

( )

( )
( )
( )

2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
1 9 2.3 3 0 3 2.3 3 0 1'
x x x x x x x x

t:
2
2
3 0
x x
t

= . Lc :
( )
2
0 0
1' 0 3
1 3 2 3 0
t t
t
t t t
' '
1 1
1 1 1
<
! !
1 1
1 1
+ 1+

Vi
2
2 2 2
0 3 0 3 3 2 1 2 1 0 1 2;1 2
x x
t x x x x x
l
< <
l
l
.
( )

1 1 1
9.25 16.15 25.9 2
x x x

iu kin: 0 x
( ) ( )

2 1
5 5
2 9. 16. 25 0 2'
3 3
x x 1 1

( ) ( )
. t
1
5
0
3
x
t
1

=

( )

Khi :
( )
1
2
2
0
0
25 5 25 5 1
1
2' 2
9 16 25 0 9 3 9 3
25
9
x
t
t
t
t
t t x
t
'
1
1
1
'
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
= ! !

1 1
( ) ( )
1 1
1+
1

1
1
1+

1 1 2 1
2 0 0 0
2
x
x
x x
< . Kt hp vi iu kin
1
0;
2
x
l
l

l
(
l

( )
2 4.5 4 10 3
x x x
<
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
3 2 10 4.5 4 0 2 1 5 4 1 5 0 1 5 2 4 0
x x x x x x x x
< < <
( ) ( )

1 5 0 5 1
2 4 0 2 4 2
; 0 2;
0
1 5 0 5 1
2 4 0 2 4
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
x
x
' '
1 1
<
1 1
1 1
! !

1 1

1 1
1 1 + +

' '
< 1 1
<
1 1
1 1

! !

1 1
< <
1 1

1 1 + +

( )

1
1 1
4
3 1 1 3
x x

.
iu kin:
1 1
3 1 0 3 1 0
1 1 3 0 3 1
x x
x x
x
x

' ' '
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1

! ! !
1 1 1
1 1 1
+ 1 1 + +

( )
( )( )
( )
( )

1
1 1
3
2 3
1 1 1 3 3 1
3
4 0 0 0 4'
3 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 3
3 1 1
3
x
x
x x
x x x x x
x

( )

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

t 3 0
x
t = . Khi :
( )
( ) ( )( )
0
0
4
2 3
4'
3
0
2
0
1 1 1 4
3
t
t
t
t
t
t t t
'
1
1 '
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1 1
1 1

1 1
1 1
1+
1
( )
1+

3
3
3
3 3
0 log
1 3 1
2
2 2
4 4 3
log 4
x
x
x
t
t
x
1

< < < < < <

( )

<

1
2 2 1
x x
<
( )
5
iu kin: 0 x
( ) ( )

2
5 2 1 5'
2
x
x
< . t Do 2 . 0 1
x
t x t =
( )
2
1
1
5' 1 2 1 2 2 0 1
2
2 0
1
x
t
t
t x
t t
t
t
'
1
'
1 1
1 1
1 1
< < <
! !
1 1 <
<
1 1
1+
1
1+

2 2
2 2 1
9 7.3 2
x x x x x x

( )
6
( ) ( )

2 2
2 2
6 3.9 7.3 6 6'
x x x x x x
. t
2
2
3 0
x x x
t

=
( )
2
2 2
2
0
0
6' 3 3 3 2 1
2
3 7 6 0
3
3
x x x
t
t
t x x x
t t
t

'
1
'
1 1
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1

1 1
1+
1
1+

( )
2
2
2
2
0
2 2 0
1
0
2 1 1 0 1
4
2
1
2 1
4
x
x x x
x
x x x x x
x
x x x
x
'
1

1
1
'
1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
1 1

1 1

1 1 +
1
1
1+

4
4
1
2
2.3 9 9
x
x x x

( )
7
( ) ( )

4 4
4 4 4 4
2
3 9
7 2.3 3.9 9 2. 3. 1 2.3 3.9 1 7 '
3 9
x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x

t
4
3 0
x x
t

= . Khi :
( )
4
4
4 1
2
3 0
1
7' 3 3 1
3 3 2 1 0
x x
x x
t
t x x
t t

'
1
=
1
1

!
1

1
1+

4 4
1 5 7 3 5
1 0 0
2 2
x x x x

.
8/
2 4 4
3 8.3 9.9 0
x x x x

( )
8
( )
2 4
2 4 4
2 4 2 4
3 3
8 3 8.3 9.9 0 8. 9 0
3 3
x x x
x x x x
x x

( )
( )

2 4
4
3 8.3 9 0 8'
x x
x x

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

t
4
3 0
x x
t

= . Khi :
( )
4
4 2
2
3 0
8' 9 3 3 4 2
8 9 0
x x
x x
t
t x x
t t

'
1
=
1
1

!
1

1
1+

( )
2
2
2 0
2
2 4 0
3 0
2 4
x
x
x x x
x x
x x
'
' 1
1
1
1
1 1

! !
1 1

1 1
1+
1+

Bi gii tham kho
( )

2 1 3
5 7 1
x x
<
( ) ( )
( )

2 1 3
5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5
5
1 log 5 log 7 2 1 3 log 7 2 log 7 3log 7 1
1 3log 7
2 log 7 3log 7 1
2 log 7
x x
x x x x
x x

< < <
< <

4 2 4
3 2 13
x x

( )
2
iu kin:
4 0 4
2
2 4 0 2
x x
x
x x
' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+ +

Xt hm s:
( )
4 2 4
3 2
x x
f x

= xc nh trn
)
2; D

=
.
Ta c:
( ) ( )
4 2 4
1 1
' 3 . ln3. 2 . ln2. 0, 2,
2 4 2 4
x x
f x x
x x

=

( )
4 2 4
3 2
x x
f x

= ng bin
( )
2, x .
M:
( ) ( ) ( )
0 13 0 0 13 f x f x f = = .
Vy nghim ca phng trnh l 0 x . Kt hp vi iu kin 0 x l nghim ca bt phng trnh.
( )
3.2 7.5 49.10 2 3
x x x

( )
3.2 7.5 2 1 1 1
2 3.2 7.5 2 49.10 49 3 7 2 49
5 2 10 10
x x x
x
x x
x
1 1 1

( ) ( ) ( )

Xt hm s:
( )
1 1 1
3 7 2
5 2 10
x x x
f x
1 1 1

=

( ) ( ) ( )
xc nh trn .
( )
1 1 1 1 1 1
' 3 ln 7 ln 2 ln 0,
5 5 2 2 10 10
x x x
f x x
1 1 1 1 1 1

= <

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
.
( )
1 1 1
3 7 2
5 2 10
x x x
f x
1 1 1

=

( ) ( ) ( )
lun ng bin trn .
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
1 49 1 : 1 49 f x f x f = < =
Vy nghim ca bt phng trnh l 1 x < .
Th d 3. Gii cc bt phng trnh m sau:
1/
2 1 3
5 7
x x
< 2/
4 2 4
3 2 13
x x

3/ 3.2 7.5 49.10 2
x x x
4/
2
3 3 2
0
4 2
x
x
x

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

2
3 3 2
0
4 2
x
x
x

( )
4
Xt hm s:
( )
2
3 3 2
x
f x x
= trn .
( ) ( )
2 2
' 3 . ln 3 2 0, 3 3 2
x x
f x x f x x

= < = l hm s lun nghch bin trn .
Xt hm s:
( )
4 2
x
g x = trn .
( ) ( )
' 4 ln 4 0, 4 2
x x
g x x g x = = l hm s lun ng bin trn .
Lc :
( )
( )
( )
4 0
f x
g x

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
0 2
2
1
1
0
2 1
2
2
2 2 0 2
1
1
0
2
2
f x f
x
g x g
x
x
x f x f
x
g x g
'
1
= '
1 1
1 1
1
1
1 1
!
!
1 = 1
1
1
1
( ) 1
1 1 + +
<
' '
1 1 =
1 1
1 1
1
1

! 1
!
1
< 1 < = 1
1
1
1 1 + ( )
1+
.

Bi gii tham kho
2
1
2
3 2
log 0
x x
x

( )
1
iu kin:
2
0 1
3 2
0
2
x
x x
x
x
< <

( )

2 2 2
1 1
2 2
2
3 2 3 2 3 2
1 log log 1 1 1 0
2 2 1
4 2
0
2 2 2
x x x x x x
x x x
x
x x
x
x

<

<

Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca bt phng trnh l:
2 2 1
2 2 2
x
x
<
<

( )

2
0,7 6
log log 0 2
4
x x
x
1

<

( )

iu kin:
2 2
2 2
2 2
6
0 0
4 2
4
4 4
1 0
2
4 4
log 0 1
4 4
x x x x
x
x x x
x x
x x x x x x x
x x
' '
1 1

1 1

1 1
< <
1 1
1 1

! !

1 1
1 1

1 1
1 1

1 1 + +

Th d 4. Gii cc bt phng trnh logarit sau:
1/
2
1
2
3 2
log 0
x x
x

2/
2
0,7 6
log log 0
4
x x
x
1

<

( )

3/
( ) ( )
3 1
3
2 log 4 3 log 2 3 2 x x 4/
( ) ( )
2
5 5 5
log 4 144 4 log 2 1 log 2 1
x x
<
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

( )

2 2 2 2
0,7 6 0,7 6 6 6
2 2
2 log log log 1 log 1 log log 6 6
4 4 4 4
4 3
5 24
6 0 0
8
4 4
x x x x x x x x
x x x x
x
x x x x
x
x x
1

<

( )
< <

4 3
8
x
x
< <

( ) ( ) ( )

3 1
3
2 log 4 3 log 2 3 2 3 x x
iu kin:
3
4 3 0
3
4
2 3 0 3
4
2
x
x
x
x
x
'
1
1
'
1 1
1 1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+
1
1
1+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

2 2
3 3 3 3
2
2
3 log 4 3 2 log 2 3 log 4 3 log 9 2 3
3
4 3 9 2 3 16 42 18 0 3
8
x x x x
x x x x x
l

l
l

3
3
4
x <
( ) ( ) ( )

2
5 5 5
log 4 144 4 log 2 1 log 2 1 4
x x
<
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )

2 2
5 5 5 5 5
2
4 log 4 144 log 16 log 5 2 1 log 4 144 log 80 2 1
4 144 80 2 1 4 20.2 64 0 4 2 16 2 4
x x x x
x x x x x
x

l l
< <
l l
l l
< < < < < <

5. Bi tp rn luyn

Bi 1. Gii cc bt phng trnh m (a v cng c s)

1/
3 6
2 1
x
2/ 16 0,125
x

3/
( )
2
2 3 6
0, 3 0, 00243
x x
< 4/
2
1
3
3
x
x

( )

5/
2
4 2 2 2 3
0,1 0,1
x x x
6/
1
3 9
x

7/
8
8 4096
x
8/
2 2
3 4 3 4
2 3
x x x x
<
9/
2
4 15 13 4 3
1 1
2 2
x x x
1 1

<

( ) ( )
10/
6 5
2 5
2 25
5 4
x
x
1

<

( )

11/
2
1
2
1
3
3
x x
x x

( )
12/
6 3
2 1 1
1 1
2 2
x x x
1 1

<

( ) ( )

13/
( )
1 1 2
5 3 2 5 3
x x x x
14/
2 1 1
7 5 2.7 118.5
x x x x
<
15/
2 3 4 1 2
2 2 2 5 5
x x x x x
16/
1 2
3 3 3 11
x x x

17/
2 2
3 2 3 2
9 6 0
x x x x
< 18/
2 3 7 3 1
6 2 .3
x x x

19/
2 2 2
2 1 2
4 .2 3.2 .2 8 12
x x x
x x x x
20/
2 1 2
6 3 . 3 2.3 . 3 9
x x x
x x x x
<
21/
1 2 1 2
9 9 9 4 4 4
x x x x x x
< 22/
1 3 4 2
7.3 5 3 5
x x x x

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

23/
2 1 2
2 5 2 5
x x x x
24/
1 2
2 .3 36
x x

25/
( ) ( )
3 1
1 3
10 3 10 3
x x
x x

< 26/
( ) ( )
1
1
2 1 2 1
x
x
x

27/
2
1
2
1
2
2
x
x x
28/
1
1
2 1
3 1
2 2
x
x

29/
( ) ( )
2 2
1 6
0, 4 0, 6
x x
30/
2
2
2
1
0, 2 25
x
x

Bi 2. Gii cc bt phng trnh m (t n ph)

1/
1 2
3 3 3 11
x x x
< 2/ 2 2 3 0
x x
<
3/
0,5
4 7.2 4 0
x x
< 4/
2 1
5 5 5 5
x x x
<
5/
1
1
2 1
2
2 1
x
x
<
6/
1
1 1
3 5 3 1
x x
<

7/ 2.14 3.49 4 0
x x x
8/
1 1
1 2
4 2 3 0
x x

9/
( )
( )
2
2
2 1
3
4 2 8 52
x
x
x

10/
4 4
1
8.3 9 9
x x x x

11/ 25.2 10 5 25
x x x
12/
2 1 1
5 6 30 5 .30
x x x x

13/ 6 2.3 3.2 6 0
x x x
14/ 27 12 2.8
x x x

15/
1 1 1
49 35 25
x x x
16/
1 2 1
2
3 2 12 0
x
x x
<
17/
2 2 2
2 1 2 1 2
25 9 34.25
x x x x x x
18/
2 4 4
3 8.3 9.9 0
x x x x

19/
1 1 1
4 5.2 16 0
x x x x
20/
1 1
1 2
2 2 9
x x

<
21/
( ) ( )
3 2 3 2 2
x x
22/
1 1
1 2
2 2 9
x x

<
23/
2 1
1
1 1
3. 12
3 3
x x
1 1

( ) ( )
24/
3 1
1 1
128 0
4 8
x x
1 1

( ) ( )

25/
( )
2 1 2
2 9.2 4 2 3 0
x x
x x
26/
1
2 2 1
0
2 1
x x
x

27/
1
1
11.3 31
5
4.9 11.3 5
x
x x

28/
2 1
4 7.5 2
3 5 12.5 4
x
x x

Bi 3. Gii cc bt phng trnh m (s dng tnh n iu)
1/
2
2 3 1
x
x
< 2/
1
2 2 1
0
2 1
x x
x

3/
2
2.3 2
1
3 2
x x
x x
4/
4 2 4
3 2 13
x x

5/
2
3 3 2
0
4 2
x
x
x
6/
2
3 4
0
6
x
x
x x

7/
( )
2
2
3 5 2 2 3 . 3 5 2 2 .3
x x
x x x x x x

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Bi 4. Gii cc bt phng trnh logarit (a v cng c s)

1/
( )
2
8 1
3 2
log log 6 0 x x
l
l

l
l
l
2/
2
0,5 6
log log 0
4
x x
x
1

<

( )

3/
( ) ( )
2
1 4
3
log log 5 0 x 4/
( )
1 2 1
2
log log log 9 0
x
l
l
l

5/
( ) ( )
3 3
log 1 2 log 5 2 x x 6/
( ) ( )
5
5
log 1 2 1 log 1 x x <
7/
( )
2 9
log 1 2log 1 x < 8/
( ) ( )
5 5
log 1 log 3 x x <
9/
3 0,2 32
1
log log log 0
5
x
x
l 1

l

l

( )
l
l
10/
( ) ( )
2 2
1 7 4 1
4 7
log log 1 log log 1 x x x x
1
1
<

( )

( )

11/
( )
1 1
3 3
log 5 log 3 x x < 12/
2 1 5
3
log log log 0 x
13/
( ) ( )
2 2
log 3 4 log 5 2 x x 14/
1 2
3
1 2
log log 0
1
x
x
1

( )

15/
( )
0,4 0,4
7
log log 5
2 3
x
x
x
<
16/
( )
2
1 4
3
log log 5 0 x
l

l
l

17/
( ) ( )
7 7
log 2 log 3 6 x x 18/
( ) ( )
2
1 1
3 3
log 4 log 2 2 x x x <
19/
( )
2
1
2
4 log 0 x x 20/
2
6 6
log log
6 12
x x
x
21/
( ) ( )
2 2
log 3 1 log 1 x x 22/
( )
2
2 2
log log
2 0
x x
x <
23/
3 1
2
log log 0 x 24/
( ) ( )
8 1
8
2
2log 2 log 3
3
x x
25/
3 4 1 1
3 4
4 1 1
log log log log
1 4 1
x x
x x
1
1

<

( )
( )
26/
2 3 0,5 0,3
1 1
log log log log
1 1
x x
x x
1 1

<

( ) ( )

27/
2
0,1 2
1
log log 0
1
x
x
<
28/
( )
4
4
1 1
1 log 3
log
2
x x
x

29/
2
3
2 3
log 0
1
x
x
1

( )
30/
( ) ( )
2 2
1 5 3 1
3 5

Bi 5. Gii cc bt phng trnh logarit sau:

1/
( )
( )
2
lg 1
1
lg 1
x
x
<
2/
( ) ( )
2 3
2 3
2
log 1 log 1
0
3 4
x x
x x

3/
( )
2
lg 3 2
0
lg lg2
x x
x

4/
2
3 1
log 0
1
x
x
x

5/
2 2
log 5 log 2 log
18 0
x
x x
x x

< 6/
2
3 2 3 2
log . log log log
4
x
x x x <
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

7/
( )
4
log log 2 4 1
x
x
8/
( )
2
3
log 3 1
x x
x

9/
( )
2
5
log 8 16 0
x
x x 10/
( )
2
2
log 5 6 1
x
x x <
11/
6 2
3
1
log log 0
2
x
x
x
12/
( ) ( )
2
1
1
log 1 log 1
x
x
x x

13/
( ) ( )
2
3
4 16 7 log 3 0 x x x 14/
( ) ( )
2
4 12.2 32 log 2 1 1
x x
x
15/
2
2
log 64 log 16 3
x
x
16/
( )
2
log 5 8 3 2
x
x x
17/
( )
2
3
log 5 18 16 2
x
x x 18/
( ) 2
2
9
log 6 2 4
x
x x
19/ log 20 1
x
x 20/
( )
2
1
log 6 0
x
x x

21/
( )
2
2
5
log 0
5 1
x
x
x
22/
( )
4 1
log 0
6 1
x
x
x
<

23/
2
log 1
2
x
x
x
1

( )
24/
( )
1
2
1
log 1
2
x

Bi 6. Gii cc bt phng trnh logarit (t n ph)

1/
2
log 2log 4 3 0
x
x 2/
( ) ( )
5
5
log 1 2 1 log 1 x x <
3/
5
2log log 125 1
x
x < 4/
2
2
log 64 log 16 3
x
x

5/
2 2
log 2. log 2. log 4 1
x x
x 6/
2 2
1 1
2 4
log log 0 x x <
7/
4 2
2
2 2 2
log log
2
1 log 1 log 1 log
x x
x x x

8/
2 2
1 2
1
4 log 2 log x x

9/
2
1 2
2
log 6log 8 0 x x 10/
2
3 3 3
log 4 log 9 2 log 3 x x x
11/
5 5
1 2
1
5 log 1 log x x
<

12/
( ) ( )
2 2
9 3
log 3 4 2 1 log 3 4 2 x x x x
13/
2
1 1
8 8
1 9log 1 4 log x x 14/
100
1
log 100 log 0
2
x
x
15/
2
3
3
1 log
1
1 log
x
x
16/
2 16
1
log 2. log 2
log 6
x x
x

17/
( )
2
3 3
6log 1 log 1 5 0 x x 18/
( )
2
9 3 3
log log . log 2 1 1 x x x
Bi 7. Gii cc bt phng trnh logarit (s dng tnh n iu ca hm s)

1/
( ) ( )
2
0,5 0,5
1 log 2 5 log 6 0
x
x x x 2/
( ) ( )
2 3
log 2 1 log 4 2 2
x x

3/
( ) ( )
2 3
3 2
log 1 log 1 x x

4/
5
lg
5
0
2 3 1
x
x
x
x
<

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

5/
( )
7 3
log log 2 x x < 6/
( )
( )
2 2
2 3
log 5 5 1 log 5 7 2 x x x x
7/
2
2
2
2 . log (4 2) 1
x
x x

8/
2 2 2 3
5 11
2
log ( 4 11) log ( 4 11)
0
2 5 3
x x x x
x x

9/
2
1/3 1/3
( 1)log 2( 3)log 8 0 x x x x 10/ ( )
( ) ( )( )
3 3
3log 1 log 1 2 1
4.3 3 1
x x x
x x

Bi 8. Gii cc bt phng trnh logarit

1/
2
log 27. log 9 4
x x
x x 2/
( )
2
3 9
16
log log 4 3 0 x x
3/
( )
2
5
0
log 4 1
x
x

4/
( ) ( )
2 3
2 3
2
log 1 log 2
0
3 4
x x
x x

5/
2
1
2
log
3
1
2
x
x
1

( )
6/
( )
2
1
1
3
3
1 1
log 1
log 2 3 1
x
x x

7/
( )
2
2
2
log 3
0
4 5
x
x x

8/
( )
3
log 3 sin2 cos2 1 x x
9/
3
2
7
4
log
5
0
7
log 2
16
x
x x
1

( )
<
1

( )
10/
( )
2
1
2
2
1 1
0
log 2 1
log 3 2
x
x x

11/
( ) ( )
2
2 2
5 11
2
log 4 11 log 4 11
0
2 5 3
x x x x
x x

12/
( ) ( )
8
2 2
2 3
2
log 2 7 log 2 7
0
3 13 4
x x x x
x x

13/
( )
2
1 3
2 2
3
27
log 9 3 log 3
9 5
x x
x x x

14/
( )
2
2 1
2
2
2
log 4 3 log 1
4 1 1
x x
x x x

Bi 9. Gii cc h phng trnh m sau

1/

2 2 12
5
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
2/
1
2 2 1
x y
x y
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
3/

2 2 5
2 4
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

4/
2 5
2 1
y
y
x
x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
5/
2 4
4 32
x
x
y
y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
6/
2
3 1
3 19
y
y
x
x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

7/
1
2 6
8
4
y
y
x
x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
8/
2 2 3
1
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
9/
2 .9 36
3 .4 36
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

10/
2 .5 20
5 .2 50
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
11/
2 .3 12
3 .2 18
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
12/
( )

2
7 10
1
8, 0
y y
x
x y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

13/
2 2
1
4 4
2
1
x y
x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
1+
14/
2 200.5
1
y y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
15/
1
3 .2
9
2
x y
y x
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
1+

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

16/
27 9
81 243.3
x x
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
17/
2
64 64 12
64 4 2
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
18/
3 3 28
3 27
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

19/
3 .5 75
3 .5 45
x y
y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
20/
2
2
2 2
3 2 77
3 2 7
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
21/
1
2 3
4 4 32
y
y
x
x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

22/
11
3.2 2.3
4
3
2 3
4
x y
x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+
23/
1
3 2
3 9 18
y
y
x
x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
24/
2
2
4 2
2 1 0
x
x
y
y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

25/
( )

2
1
3 2 3
4 1
5 125
x y
x y

'
1
1
=
1
!
1
=
1
1+
26/
3 2 3
128
5 1
x y
x y
x

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
27/

2
2
3 2 77
3 2 7
x y
y
x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
+

28/
( )
2 2
16
1
2, 0
x y
x
x y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
29/
4 3 7
4 .3 144
x y
x x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
30/
2 3 17
3.2 2.3 6
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

31/
1
2 2.3 56
3.2 3 87
x x y
x x y

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
32/
2 2 2 2
1
3 2 17
2.3 3.2 8
x y
x y

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
33/
1
1 1
3 2 4
3 2 1
x y
x y

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

34/
7 16 0
4 49 0
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
35/

3.2 2.3 2, 75
2 3 0, 75
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
36/

8 10
2 5
x
x
y
y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

37/
( )
( )

2
1
2
.2 625
5
y x
x y
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
= 1
1
+
38/
2 .3 6
3 .4 12
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
39/
( )

4
4
4
4
.3 1
8( ) 6 0
y x
x y
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

40/
( )( )

2 2
2 2 2
2
x y
y x xy
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
41/
( )
2
2 3
4
64; 0
y
y
x
x x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
42/
( )
5( )
4
3
3 1
; , 0
x
y
y x
x y
x y x y
'
1
1
= 1
!
1
1 =
1
+

43/
( )
2
2
2
1 1
y y
x y
x

'
1 =
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
44/
2 2
2 2
2 4 3
x y
y x
x x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
45/
( )
1
2
9
324 2
y
y
x
x
'
1
1 =
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

46/
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
.2 1
9 6
y x
x y
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
47/
( )
2
2
2
2 1
1 2
2 1
4 4.4 .2 2 1
2 3.4 .2 4
x
x y y
y x y
'
1
1
=
1
!
1
= 1
1
+
48/
2
cot 3
cos 2
y
y
x
x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

49/
2 tan cos
cos tan
9 3
9 81 2
x y
y y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
50/
( )
1
1
2
28 7
2
.
x y
x
y
y x
xy x y
'
1
1
= 1
1
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
51/
( )
( )
1 1
2 3
.2 48
y x
x y
x y
x y

'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

52/
3 1 2 3
2
2 2 3.2
3 1 1
x y y x
x xy x

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
53/
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
1 1
cos 1, 0
4 32 31.2
x y x y
x y y

' l
1
=
1
l
1 l
!
1
1 =
1
+
54/
( )( )
2 2
3 3 2
2
x y
y x xy
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

55/
3 2 1
3 2 1
x
y
y
x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
56/
3 2 11
3 2 11
x
y
x y
y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
57/
1
1
7 6 5
7 6 5
x
y
y
x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Bi 10. Gii cc h phng trnh logarit sau

1/
( )
3
2 3
log 1
x y
xy
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
2/
2
log log 2
20
x y
y x
x y
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
3/
4 4 4
log log 1 log 9
20 0
x y
x y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

4/
( )
( )
log 3 2 2
log 2 3 2
x
y
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
5/
( )
( )
log 6 4 2
log 6 4 2
x
y
x y
y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
6/
2 2
3 3
2 2
log 1 2 log
log log 4
x
y
y
x y
'
1
1
1
= 1

1

1 ( )
!
1
=
1
1
1
1+

7/
( )
2 2
2
4 2
log 5
2log log 4
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
8/
2
1
2
log 5
log 1
xy
x
y
'
1 =
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1
1+
9/
64
log 5
x
xy
y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

10/
2
2
4 4
log log 1
log log 1
y
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
11/
2 2
log log
2 2
16
log log 2
y x
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
12/
( )
2 2
2
3 3
log 6 4
log log 1
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

13/
3 3
log log
3 3
2. 27
log log 1
y x
x y
y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
14/
2 2
log log
2
4 2
3. 2. 10
log log 2
y x
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
15/
( )
( )
log 2 2 2
log 2 2 2
x
y
x y
y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

16/
( )
2
2
log 4
log 2
xy
x
y
'
1
=
1
1
1
1
!

1 =
1
1
( )
1+
17/
( )
2 2
6
5
log log
2
log 1
y x
x y
x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
18/
( )
( )
2 2 2
2
lg lg lg
lg lg .lg 0
x y xy
x y x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

19/
( ) ( )
2 2
log 5 log
lg lg4
1
lg lg3
x y x y
x
y
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1

1+
20/
( )
1
log 2
log 23 3
x
x
y
y
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
21/
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
lg 1 lg8
lg lg lg3
x y
x y x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

22/
( )
2
2
log log 1
log 1
xy y
y
x
x
y x
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
23/
( )
( )
log 1
log 0
xy
xy
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
24/
2
log log 2
12
y x
x y
x y
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

25/
2
log 2
4lg 28
y x
y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
26/
2
2lg 3
3lg 1
y x
y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
27/
( ) ( )
3
2 2
log log 1
1
x y x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

28/
( )
2
2log .log 1
2 3
x y xy
x x y
x y
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
1 =
1
+
29/
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
1 1
log 1 log 1 4
log 2 1 log 2 1 2
x y
x y
y x
y x

'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+
30/
( )
( )
5
log 1
2log .log 1
xy
xy
x y
xy x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

31/
( )
5
2
4
log
log . log 3 1
y
y
xy x x
y y x
'
1
1
= 1
!
1
1 =
1
+
32/
3
2 2
2
2
2
5log log log 2
log 8 log
x y
x x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
33/
2 2
2 2
2 2
log . log 3
log log 5
x
xy
y
x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

34/
( )
2 log log 5
8
y x
x y
xy
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
35/
( )( )
2 2
3 3
log log 2
16
x y y x xy
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
36/
2
2
4 4
log log 1
log log 1
y
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

Bi 11. Gii cc h phng trnh m logarit
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com


1/
( ) 5
3 .2 1152
log 2
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
= 1
1
1+
2/
( )
1
3
3 .2 18
log 1
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
=
1
1
1
+
3/
( )
3
3 .2 972
log 2
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

4/
2 2
2 4
3 81
log 2log 1
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
5/
2
log
4
2 2
2
log log 1
x
y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
6/
( ) ( )
lg lg
lg 4 lg 3
3 4
4 3
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

7/
4
1 log
4096
y
y x
x
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
8/
lg
40
4
y
xy
x
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
9/
8 8
log log
4 4
5
log log 1
y x
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

10/
( ) ( )
0,5 5
log log
2 2
2 5
1
log log
2
x y x y
x y

'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+
11/
2
1
2 2
2log 3 15
3 . log 2. log 3
y
y y
x
x x

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
12/
( )
2
2 log
log log
4 3
y
x y
x
xy x
y y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

13/
( ) ( )
3 3
4 32
log 1 log
x y
y x
x y x y
'
1
1
1 = 1
!
1
1 =
1
1+
14/
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
1
3
3
log log 4
x y
x y
x y x y
'
1
1
1

1
=
1

!
( )
1
1
1 =
1
+
15/
( ) ( )
2 2
log log 1
x y
x y x y
x y
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+

16/
( )
( )
3
3
log 2
log
2 2
4 2
3 3 12
xy
xy
x y x y
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+
17/
3 3
log log
3 3
2 27
log log 1
y x
x y
y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
18/
2
2 log
log log
4 3
y
x y
x
xy x
y y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

19/
lg
lg lg 4
1000
y
x y
x
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
20/
( )
2
6
36
4 2 log 9
x y
x
x y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
21/
( )
( )
5
5
.3
27
3log
y x
x y
x y x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

22/
4
3
4
3
y
x y
x x y
y x
'
1
1
= 1
1
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
23/
12
3
, 0
x y
x y
x y
y x
x y
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1
1
+
24/
1
2
1
.9 9
3
3 2
4
x
y y
x y x
x y
'
1
1
1 =
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

25/ 2
1
2 .4 2
a x y xy
x y a

'
1 =
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
26/
( )
2 2
6
5
log log
2
log 1
y x
x y
x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
27/
( )
5
2
4
log
log . log 3 1
y
y
xy x x
y y x
'
1
1
= 1
!
1
1 =
1
+

Bi 12. Gii cc h phng trnh logarit sau
1/
2
2
4 4
log log 1
log log 1
y
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
2/
2 4 4
3 9 9
4 16 4
log log log 2
log log log 2
log log log 2
x x z
y z x
z x y
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

3/
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
1 2
1 2
2log 2 2 log 1 6
log 5 2log 4 1
x y
x y
xy y x x
y x

'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+
4/
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
1 1
log 1 2 log 1 2 4
log 1 2 log 1 2 2
x y
x y
y y x x
x x

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

5/
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
3 2
3 2
2log 6 3 2 log 6 9 6
log 5 log 2 1
x y
x y
y xy x x x
y x

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
6/
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 3
2 2
2 3
log 1 3 1 log 1 2
log 1 3 1 log 1 2
x y
y x
'
1
1 =
1
1
!
1
= 1
1
1+

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

7/
( )
( )
5
log 1
2 log . log 1
xy
xy
x y
xy x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
8/
3
2 2
2
2
2
5log log log 2
log 8 log
x y
x x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

9/
2 4 1
2
4 2
log log 2log 4
log log 5lg10
x y
x y
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
= 1
1
+
10/
2 2 2
3 3 3
3
log 3 log log
2
2
log 12 log log
3
x
x y y
y
x x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

11/
( )
( )
2 3
2 3
log 1 3sin log 3cos
log 1 3cos log 3sin
x y
y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
12/
( )
4
6 2
1
log log
4
16
sin 1
1 cos
4
cos
16
x x x
x
x
x
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
1
1
1
!
1
1
<
1
1
1
1
1
1+

Bi 13. Gii cc h bt phng trnh m logarit

1/
2 2 1
2
x y
x y
'
1

1
1
!
1
1
1+
2/
1 2 1
4
4 3.4 2
3 2 log 3
x y y
x y

'
1

1
1
!
1
1
1+

3/
( )
( )
2
3
2 2 log 5
4
2
3 5
4 1 3 8
x x
y
y y y

'
1
1
=
1
!
1
1
1
+
4/
( )
2
3
5 6 log 2
1
2
3 2
2 2 5 3 5
x x
y
y y y

'
1
1
=
1
!
1
1
1
+

5/
( )
2
4
8 12 log 7
2 1
2
4 7
3 3 2 1 1
x x
y
y y y

'
1
1
=
1
!
1
1
1
+
6/
( )
2
5
5 4 log 2
3
2
5 2
3 5 1 2 3
x x
y
y y y

'
1
1
=
1
!
1
1
1
+

7/
2 2
2 2
3
2
log log 0
3 5 9 0
3
x x
x
x x
'
1
<
1
1
1
!
1

1
1
1+
8/
( )
( ) ( )
1 1
2 2 2
log 2 2
log 2 log 2 1 log 7.2 12
x
x x x
x

'
1

1
1
!
1
<
1
1+

9/
( )
( )
7
1
log 4 0
log 3 0
x
y
y
x
'
1
<
1
1
!
1
<
1
1+
10/
( )
( )
2
4
log 2 0
log 2 2 0
x
y
y
x
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+

11/
( )
( )
1
4
log 5 0
log 2 2 0
x
y
y
x
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+
12/
( )
1 1
3 2
log 5 log 3
1
3
x x
x
'
1
<
1
1
1
1
!
1
1

1
1
1+

13/
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1
1 lg2 lg 2 1 lg 7.2 12
log 2 2
x x
x
x
x
'
1
<
1
1
!
1

1
1+
14/
( )
2
2
4
0
16 64
lg 7 lg 5 2lg2
x
x x
x x
'
1

1
1
1
!
1
1

1
1+

Bi 14. Tm tham sm cc bt phng trnh m logarit sau c nghim.

1/
2
2
3 1
x
m 2/
1
2
3 1
x
m

3/
2
5 1
x
m
4/
2
1
2 1
4
x
m
=
5/ 4 .2 3 0
x x
m m 6/ 9 .3 3 0
x x
m m
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

7/ 2 7 2 2
x x
m 8/
( ) ( )
2 2
1
2 1 2 1
x x
m

9/ 4 .2 1 0
x x
m m 10/
( ) ( )
2 1
3 3 .3 2 3
x x
m m
<
11/
( )
1 2
4 2 1 .2 0
x x
m m m
12/
( )
2
9 2 1 .3 0
x x
m m m
13/
( ) ( )
3.4 1 .2 2 1 0
x x
m m < 14/ .25 5 1 0
x x
m m
15/
( )
2
1
2
log 2 3 x x m 16/
1
log 100 log 100 0
2
x m

17/
1 2
1
5 log 1 log
m m
x x
<

18/
2
1 log
1
1 log
m
m
x
x

19/
2 2
log log x m x 20/
( ) ( )
2 2
log 1 log 2
x m x m
x x x

Bi 15. Tm tham sm cc bt phng trnh m logarit sau c nghim ng vi:

1/
( ) ( )
3 1 .12 2 .6 3 0, 0
x x x
m m x < 2/
( )
1
1 .4 2 1 0,
x x
m m x

3/
( )
.9 2 1 .6 .4 0, 0;1
x x x
m m m x
l

l
l
4/
( )
2
.9 1 .3 1 0,
x x
m m m x

5/
( )
cos cos
2
4 2 2 1 .2 4 3 0,
x x
m m x < 6/ 3 3 5 3 ,
x x
m x
7/
( ) ( )
2.25 2 1 .10 2 .4 0, 0
x x x
m m x 8/
( )
1
4 . 2 1 0,
x x
m x

9/
1
3
3
2
7 4.7 0,
x
x
m x

10/
sin 1 sin
4 2 ,
x x
m x

11/
( ) ( )
2 2
5 5
1 log 1 log 4 , x mx x m x 12/
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
log 7 7 log 4 , x mx x m x
13/
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
log 2 4. log 2 5, 0;2 x x m x x m x
l

l
l
14/
( )
2
1
1
log 2 0,
m
x m x

15/
2
1 1 1
2 2 2
2 log 2 1 log 2 1 log 0,
1 1 1
m m m
x x x
m m m
1 1 1

( ) ( ) ( )

Bi 16. Tm tham s m mi nghim ca bt phng trnh
( )
1 u l nghim ca bt phng trnh
( )
2 :
1/
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

2 1
1
2
2
1 1
3 12 1
3 3
2 3 6 1 0 2
x x
m x m x m
'
1
1
1 1
1

1

1

!
( ) ( )
1
1
1
< 1
1
+
2/
( )
( ) ( )

2 1
1
2
2
2 2 8 1
4 2 1 0 2
x x
x mx m
'
1
1
1
1
!
1
1
<
1
1+

3/
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

2 1 .
2
2 9.2 4 0 1
1 3 1 0 2
x x
m x m x
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+
4/
( )
( ) ( )

2 1
2
2
1 1
9. 12 1
3 3
2 2 2 3 0 2
x x
x m x m
'
1
1
1 1
1

1
1

!
( ) ( )
1
1
1
<
1
1+

5/
( )
( )

2 2
1 1
2 4
2 2
log log 0 1
6 0 2
x x
x mx m m
'
1
<
1
1
!
1
1 <
1
+
6/
( ) ( )
( )

2
2 4
log 5 8 3 0 1
2 1 0 2
x
x x
x x m
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+

Bi 17. Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s logarit sau

1/
( )
2
log 3 4 y x = 2/
( )
2 2
2
16 . log 5 6 y x x x =
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

3/
( )
2 2
25 lg 42 y x x x = 4/
( )
2 2
3
2. log 9 y x x x =
5/
( )
2 2
12 . lg 4 y x x x = 6/
( )
2
2
log 7 2 y x x =
7/
( )
1
3
log 3 1 y x = 8/
1
2
1
log
5
x
y
x

9/
2
1 5
5
1
log log
3
x
y
x
1

( )
10/
2
3
log
1
x
y
x

11/
2
1 2
2
1
log log 6
5
x
y x x
x
12/
2
3
4 3
log
2
x x
y
x

=

13/
( )
2
2
1
lg 3 4
6
y x x
x x
=

14/
( )
2
3
log 3 2 4 y x x x =
15/
( )
3 8 3
0,3
2
log 1
2
2 8
x x
x
y
x x

=

16/
2
1 1
log
1 1
y
x x
1

=

( )

Bi 18. Gii cc bt phng trnh logarit sau, bit x = l mt nghim ca phng trnh tng ng.
1/
( ) ( )

2 2
9
log 2 log 2 3 ;
4
m m
x x x x =
2/
( ) ( )

2 2
log 2 3 log 3 ; 1
m m
x x x x =
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com


Bi 1. Gii cc phng trnh

1/
2 1 1
1
2 .4
64
8
x x
x

= 2/
3 1
8 2
9 3
x
x

=
3/
( )
0,5
0, 04
0, 2
25
5
x
x
= 4/
2
1 2 11 9
5 9 5
.
3 25 3
x x x
1 1 1

=

( ) ( ) ( )

5/
2 1
1
7 .7 2.7 48
7
x x x
= 6/
( )
( )
2
7,2 3,9
3 9 3 . lg 7 0
x x
x

=
7/
( )
2
1
1
3
2
2 2 4
x
x
x
l
l
=
l
l
l
8/
2
1
1 lg
3
3
1
100
x
x

=
9/
1
5 . 8 500
x x x
= 10/
lg 2
1000
x
x x =
11/
lg 5
5 lg
3
10
x
x
x
= 12/
( )
3
log 1
3
x
x
=
Bi 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau

1/
2 2
2 2
4 9.2 8 0
x x
= 2/
2 2
5 1 5
4 12.2 8 0
x x x x
=
3/ 64.9 84.12 27.16 0
x x x
= 4/
1 3
3
64 2 12 0
x x
=
5/
2 2
1 3
9 36.3 3 0
x x
= 6/
4 8 2 5
2
3 4.3 28 2lg 2
x x
=
7/
( ) 2 1
2 1 2
3 3 1 6.3 3
x
x x x

= 8/
2012 2012
5 24 5 24 10
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )

9/
3 3
1 log 1 log
9 3 210 0
x x
= 10/
2
lg 1 lg lg 2
4 6 2.3 0
x x x
=
11/
2 2
sin cos
2 4.2 6
x x
= 12/
( ) ( ) lg tan lg cot 1
3 2.3 1
x x
=


1/
6 5
2 5
2 25
5 4
x
x

( )
2/
1
1
2 1
2
2 1
x
x
<

3/
2 2
.5 5 0
x x
x

< 4/
2
lg 3 lg 1
1000
x x
x

5/
4 2 4
2
1
x
x
x

6/
2
3 2
8. 1
3 3 2
x
x
x x

( )

7/
2 3 4 1 2
2 2 2 5 5
x x x x x
8/
( )
2
2
log 1
1
1
2
x
1

( )

9/
2
2
1
9
3
x
x

( )
10/
1 2
2
1 1
3 27
x
x

1

( )

N TP CHNG II
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

11/
2 1
3
1
1 1
5 5
x
x
1 1

( ) ( )
12/
72
1 1
3 . . 1
3 3
x x
1 1

( ) ( )


1/
2
4 2.5 10 0
x x x
2/
1
25 5 50
x x

3/
1 1 1
9.4 5.6 4.9
x x x

< 4/
2
lg 2 lg 5
3 3 2
x x
<
5/
1
4
4 16 2log 8
x x
< 6/
2 3
2 1
1
2 21. 2 0
2
x
x

( )

7/
( )
( ) 2 2
2 1
3
4 2 8 52
x
x
x
8/
2 3
4 3
1
3 35. 6 0
3
x
x

( )

9/
2
9 3 3 9
x x x
10/ 9 3 9 3
x x x

11/
1 2
3 3 3 11
x x x
< 12/
( ) ( )
2 2
1 6
0, 4 0, 6
x x


1/
( )
3
log 3 8 2
x
x = 2/
( )
2
5
log 2 65 2
x
x x
=
3/
( ) ( )
7 7
log 2 1 log 2 7 1
x x
= 4/
( )
3 3
log 1 log 2 7 1
x l
=
l
l

5/
3
log lg 2
3 lg lg 3 0
x
x x = 6/
( )
3
log 1 2
2
9 5 5
x
x
=
7/
1 lg
10
x
x x
= 8/
( )
5
log 1
5
x
x
=
9/
2 2
lg lg 2
lg
lg
2
x x
x
x

1

=

( )
10/
lg 7
lg 1
4
10
x
x
x
=
11/
3 9
1
log log 9 2
2
x
x x
1

=

( )
12/
2 3
3 3
2 log 1 log
7 1
x x
x x

=


1/
( )
2
2 log 5 3log 5 1 0
x x
= 2/
1 1
3 3
log 3 log 2 0 x x =
3/
2
2 2
log 2log 2 0 x x = 4/
( )
1 3
3 2log 3 2log 1
x
x
=
5/
( )
2 2
3
log 9 . log 4
x
x x = 6/
2
3 1 1
2 2
log log 3log 5 2 x x
1

=

( )

7/
( ) ( )
2 2 2
lg 100 lg 10 lg 6 x x x = 8/
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
9
log 2 . log 16 log
2
x x x =
9/
( ) ( )
3 3
log 9 9 log 28 2.3
x x
x = 10/
( ) ( )
1
2 2 2
log 4 4 log 2 log 2 3
x x x
=
11/
( ) ( )
3 3
2 2
log 25 1 2 log 5 1
x x
= 12/
( )
lg 6.5 25.20 lg25
x x
x =
13/
( ) ( )
lg 2 19 lg 3 20
1
lg
x x
x

= 14/
2 2
4
2
1 lg
lg 5
lg 2 lg
x
x
x x

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

15/
2
2 10 9
4 2
x
x
= 16/
( ) ( )
10
5 10
3 3 84
x x
=


1/
( )
2
0,5
log 5 6 1 x x 2/
7
2 6
log 0
2 1
x
x

3/
3 3
log log 3 0 x x < 4/
1
3
2 3
log 1
x
x

5/
( )
1 1
4 4
2
log 2 log
1
x
x

6/
( )
2
1 4
3
log log 5 0 x
l

l
l

7/
( )
2
2
1
2
4
0
log 1
x
x
<
8/
( )
2
log 1
0
1
x
x

9/
( )
9
log log 3 9 1
x
x
l

l
l
10/
2
2 3
log 1
x
x
<
11/
( )
2
2
log 8 15
2 1
x
x x

< 12/
( )
1
2
3
5
log
3
0, 5 1
x
x

13/
2 3 0,5 0,3
1 1
log log log log
1 1
x x
x x
1 1

<

( ) ( )
14/
3 4 1 1
3 4
4 1 1
log log log log
1 4 1
x x
x x
1

<

( )

Bi 8. Gii cc h phng trnh sau:

1/
( )
2
1
4 1
5 125
x y
x y

'
1
1
=
1
!
1
=
1
1+
2/
3 2 3
4 128
5 1
x y
x y

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
3/
2 2 12
5
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

4/
3.2 2.3 2, 75
2 3 0, 75
x x
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
5/
7 16 0
4 49 0
x
x
y
y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
6/
( )
3
3 .2 927
log 2
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

7/
5
4 3.4 16
2 12 8
x y x
y y
x y
'
1
1
1 =
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
8/
2
2
3 2 77
3 2 7
x y
y
x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
+
9/
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2 1
9 6
y x
x y
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

10/
4 2
2 2
log log 0
5 4 0
x y
x y
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
11/
( )
3
4
log 2
7
log log
6
x
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+
12/
lg
2
20
y
x
xy
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

13/
2 2
2 4
log 2log 3
16
x y
x y
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
14/
3 3 3
1 1 2
15
log log 1 log 5
x y
x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
15/
5
7
log 2 log
log 3 log
3
2
x
y
y
x
y
x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

16/
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
lg 1 lg13
lg lg 3lg2
x y
x y x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
17/
2 2
2
2
9
8
log log 3
x y
y x
x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
18/
( )
8
2 log log 5
y x
xy
x y
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

19/
2
1
2 2
2log 3 15
3 log 2log 3
y
y y
x
x x

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
20/
( ) ( )
3 3
4 32
log 1 log
x y
y x
x y x y
'
1
1
1 = 1
!
1
1 =
1
1+
21/
( )
2
3 .2 576
log 4
x y
y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com


Cu 1. Cho hm s
( )
C
2 1
1
x
y
x

a/ Kho st v v th hm s
( )
C .
b/ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca
( )
C , bit tip tuyn vung gc vi ng thng : 3 2 0 x y = .
c/ Chng minh rng ng thng : d y x m = lun ct
( )
C ti 2 giao im phn bit.

Cu 2. Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh sau:
1/
1 1
5 5 24
x x
= 2/
1 2
1
4 log 2 log x x
=

3/
1
1 1
4 0, 25.32
x x
x x

4/
1 2
1
1 2
3
log log 0
x
x

( )

Cu 3. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca cc hm s sau:
1/
( )
3
3 1 f x x x = trn 0;2
l
l
l
2/
( ) ( )
2
ln 2 g x x x = trn 3; 6
l
l
l

Cu 4. Bin lun theo m s cc tr ca hm s:
4 2 2
2 1 y x m x =

Cu 5. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c ( ), SA ABC ABC l tam gic vung ti A. Gi H, K l hnh chiu vung
gc ca A trn BC, SH. Bit 3 , 5 , AB a BC a SB = = hp vi mt phng y 1 gc bng
0
60 .
a/ Tnh th tch ca khi chp . S ABC .
b/ Chng minh rng:
( ) ( )
SAH SBC .
c/ Chng minh rng:
( ) ( ) ( )
? , AK SBC d A SBC
d/ Tnh khong cch t trng tm G ca ABC n mt phng
( )
SBC .
e/ Xc nh tm I v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp . S ABC .

Cu 1. Cho hm s
( )

3 2
3 1 y x x C =
a/ Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s
( )
C .
( )
C , bit tip tuyn song song vi ng thng : 9 0 x y = .
c/ Da vo th
( )
C , hy bin lun theom s nghim ca phng trnh:
3 2
3 2 0 x x m = .

Cu 2. Gii cc phng trnh v cc bt phng trnh sau:

a/
2 1 2
3 3 12
x x
= b/
( ) ( )
1
3 3
log 3 1 . log 3 3 6
x x
=
2
1
24 N TP HC K I
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

c/
2
4 6
1 1
3 27
x x
1

( )
d/
2
1 1
5 5
log log 6 0 x x
Cu 3. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca cc hm s sau
a/
( )
3 2
3 7 1 f x x x x = trn 0;2
l
l
l
b/
( ) ( )
.
2 2
4 1
x
g x x x e

= trn 2; 3
l
l
l

Cu 4. nhm hm s:
( )
3
2
6
3
x
y mx m x m = sau khng c cc tr.
Cu 5. Cho hnh chp . S ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh , a SA vung gc vi mt y, 3 SB a = v I l
trung im ca SC .
a/ Tnh
. S ABCD
V .
b/ Chng minh rng: I l tm ca mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp . S ABCD . Tnh th tch khi cu .
c/ Tnh th tch khi t din . S ABI .
d/ Tnh
( ) ( )
, d I SABD
e/ Tnh tanca gc to bi 2 mt phng
( )
SBD v mt phng
( )
ABCD .

Cu 1. Cho hm s
( )

4 2
2 3 y x x C =
( )
C
( )
C ti giao im ca
( )
C vi trc honh.
c/ Da vo
( )
C , tm m phng trnh sau c 4 nghim phn bit
4 2
2
2 log 0 x x m = .
Bi 2. Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh sau:
a/
4 8 2 5
3 4.3 27 0
x x
= b/
( )
2
3
3
log log 9 9
x
x =
c/
2 3 7 3 1
6 2 .3
x x x
< d/
2
0,5 0,5
log log 2 0 x x
Bi 3. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca cc hm s sau:
a/
( )
3 2
8 16 9 f x x x x = trn 1; 3
l
l
l
b/
( )
2
ln x
g x
x
= trn
3
1;e
l
l
l

Bi 4. Tm tham s m hm s:
( )
3
2
2 1 2
3
x
y mx m x m = c hai cc tr u dng.
Bi 5. Cho hnh chp t gic u . S ABCD c cnh y bng a , gc gia mt bn v mt y bng
0
60 . Gi I l
trung im caBC v Ol tm ca mt y, H l hnh chiu vung gc caOtrnSI .
a/ Tnh th tch ca khi chp . S ABCD .
b/ Chng minh rng:
( ) ( )
mp SOI mp SBC .
c/ Chng minh rng:
( )
OH SBC . Tnh khong cch t im On mt phng
( )
SBC .
d/ Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp . S ABCD .

Cu 1. Cho hm s
( )
3 2
m
mx m
y C
x m

=

a/ nh m hm s nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.
b/ Kho st v v th hm s
( )
C khi 3 m = .
3
4
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

c/ Tm cc im thuc
( )
C tip tuyn ca
( )
C ti im c h s gc bng 2 .
d/ Gi M l im bt k thuc
( )
C . Tip tuyn ti M ct tim cn ng v tim cn ngang ln lt ti A
v B . Chng minh rng: M l trung im ca AB.
Cu 2. Gii cc phng trnh v cc bt phng trnh sau
a/
2
6.25 13.15 6.3 0
x x x
= b/
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 2
log 1 3log 1 log 32 0 x x =
c/
2
2
log
4
3 1
x
x
1

( )
d/
2
3
2 3
log 0
1
x
x
1

( )

Cu 3. Tm cc ng tim cn v GTLN GTNN ca hm s
2
2 1
3 2
x
y
x x
=

Cu 4. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, ( ) SA ABCD . Gc gia SC v mt phng
y bng
0
30 .
a/ Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD.
b/ Tnh din tch SBC.
c/ Gi M, E, F ln lt l trung im SA, DA, AB. v G
1
, G
2
ln lt l trng tm ca cc tam gic
SAD v SAB. Tnh t s:
1 2 1 2
. .
. .
S MG G S MG G
S AEF S ABCD
V V
V V

Cu 1. Cho hm s
3 2
1 1
3 2 3
m
y x x =
a/ Tmm hm s c cc tiu ti 2 x = . Tm gi tr cc tiu .
( )
C khi 2 m = .
c/ Da vo th
( )
C , hy tm k phng trnh:
3 2
3
3 3log 0 x x k = c 3 nghim phn bit.
d/ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi
( )
C , bit tip tuyn vung gc vi : 3 12 0 x y = .
a/
3 3
6 35 6 35 12
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )
b/
2
1 2
2
log 4 log 8
8
x
x
1

=

( )

c/
1 1
2.3 6.3 3 9
x x x
d/
1 1 4 3
4 3
1 1
log log log log
1 1
x x
x x
1 1

( ) ( )

a/
( )
2
3 1 y x x = trn 0;2
l
l
l
b/
4 2
4 2
3cos 4 sin
3sin 2cos
x x
y
x x

Cu 4. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v B. Cho 2 2 2 SA AB BC a = = = ,
SA a = v ( ) SA ABCD .
a/ Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD.
b/ Chng minh rng: CD(SAC). Tnh din tch xung quanh khi chp S.ABCD.
c/ Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu qua 4 im S, A, B, C. Tnh din tch mt cu ny.

Cu 1. Cho hm s
4 2 2
2 1 ( )
m
y x m x C =
5
6
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

( )
C khi 1 m = .
b/ Dng
( )
C bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh
4 2
2 2 3 0 x x a = .
c/ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca
( )
C ti im
( )
M C c tung bng 1 v honh m.
d/ Tmm
( )
m
C c 3 im cc tr, ng thi 3 im cc tr l 3 nh ca mt tam gic vung cn.
Cu 2. Gii cc bt phng trnh v phng trnh sau:
a/
2 2
3 3 30
x x
= b/
1
2
2 1
log 0
1
x
x

c/ 9 4.3 3 0
x x
< d/
( ) ( )
1
2 2
log 2 1 . log 2 2 12
x x
=
Cu 3. Cho
sinx
y e = . Chng minh rng: ' cos sin '' 0 y x y x y = . Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht
ca hm s
sinx
y e = trn on 0;
4
l
l
l
l
.
Cu 4. Cho hnh chp . S ABCD c yABCD l hnh ch nht c , 5 AB a AC a = = , hai mt bn
( )
SAB v
( )
SAD cng vung gc vi y, gc giaSC v mt y bng
0
60 .
a/ Tnh th tch ca khi chp . S ABCD .
b/ Gi M l trung im ca , SB N l im trn cnhSC vi 2 NC NS = . Tnh th tch ca khi chp
. S AMN .
c/ Gi , , H K L ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc caAtrn , , SB SC SD . Xc nh tm v bn knh ca
mt cu qua cc im , , , , , , A B C D H K L .

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( )

3 2
1 1
3 2 3
m
m
y x x C =
a/ im
( )
m
A C c honh bng 1. Tmm tip tuyn ca
( )
m
C ti A song song 5 2012 y x = .
( )
C khi 2 m = .
c/ Tma ng thng : 2 3 y a = ct
( )
C ti 3 giao im phn bit.
d/ Tm k ng thng
1
:
3
d y kx = ct
( )
C ti 3 im phn bit.
a/
1 1
3 3 10
x x
= b/
( ) ( )
2
2 2
log 3 log 6 10 1 0 x x =
c/ 3.2 8.3 6 24
x x x
= d/
2 2
log 2 log 4 3
x
x =
a/
2
1
2
x
y
x
trn on 1, 2
l
l
l
b/
( )
2
3 1
x
y x x e = trn on 3; 0
l
l
l
.
Cu 4. Cho hm s:
( )
3 2 2
3 1 1 y x mx m x =
a/ Tm tham s m hm s ng bin trn tp xc nh ca n.
b/ Tm tham s m hm s c 2 cc tr
1
x v
2
x tha mn:
( )
2 2
1 2 1 2
2 x x x x = .
Cu 5. Cho hnh chp . S ABC c ng cao 2 , 5 , SA a SB a ABC = = vung ti B v
60
o
ACB = .
a/ Tnh
. S ABCD
V .
7
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

b/ Xc nh tm I mt cu ngoi tip khi chp . S ABC . Tnh din tch mt cu ny.
c/ Gi M l trung im ca SB, H l hnh chiu ca A ln SC. Mt phng
( )
AMH chia khi chp thnh 2
phn. Tnh t l th tch ca 2 phn .
Cu 6. Cho hm s
( )
1
:
2
x
C y
x
. nhm ng thng : d y x m = ct
( )
C ti 2 giao im A v B phn
bit. Vi gi tr no cam th 4 3 AB = .

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( )

2
1
m
x m
y C
x

a/ Tmm hm s ng bin trn mi khong xc nh ca n.
( )
C khi 1 m = .
c/ Vit phng trnh ng thng d song song vi ng thng : 1 0 x y = v tip xc vi
( )
C .
d/ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca
( )
C ti giao im ca
( )
C v trc honh.
a/
2 1 1
3 2 3
x x
= b/
3
6 2 4.3 32
x x x
=
c/
( ) ( )
3
2
1 2
2
log 1 log 1 7 x x = d/
9
4log log 3 3
x
x =
a/
4 2
8 16 y x x = trn on 1; 3
l
l
l
b/
2 x
y x e = trn on 3;2
l
l
l

Cu 4. Cho hm s:
1
ln
1
y
x
=
. Chng minh rng: ' 1

y
xy e = .
Cu 5. Cho hnh chp u . S ABCD c ng cao 2 SO a = , cnh bn hp vi mt phng y 1 gc
0
30 .
a/ Tnh
S.ABCD
V
b/ Tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh chp S.ABCD.
c/ Xc nh tm I ca mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABCD. Tnh th tch khi cu ny.
d/ Tnh khong cch t tm O n mt phng (SCD).
Cu 6. Cho hm s
( )
2
1
x
y C
x
. Tm
( )
M C sao cho tip tuyn ca
( )
C ti M to vi 2 trc ta mt
tam gic c din tch bng 2 .

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( )
4 2
2 4 1 y x m x m =
a/ Tm tham sm hm s c ng 1 cc tr.
( )
C khi 0 m = .
c/ Bin lun theoa s nghim ca phng trnh:
4 2
2 2 0
a
x x = .
d/ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca
( )
C ti giao im ca
( )
C v Parabol
( )
2
: 2 4 P y x = .
a/
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
3 2 2 3 2 2
x x x
= b/ 8 2.4 2 2 0
x x x

c/
4 2 9
log 8 log 2 log 243 0
x x
= d/
( )
3
log 9 4.3 2 3 1
x x
x
8
9
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

a/ ,
3
3 2 0, 3 y x x
l
=
l
l
b/ ;
2
3
ln
1,
x
y e
x
l
=
l
l

Cu 4. Cho hm s:
( ) ( )
sin ln cos ln y x x = . Chng minh rng:
2
'' ' 0 x y xy y = .
Cu 5. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c 2 mt bn (SAB) v (SAD) cng vung gc vi mt y v 3 . SC a SC = hp
vi mt phng y mt gc
0
60 .
a/ Tnh V
S.ABCD
.
b/ Xc nh tm I v tnh th tch khi cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABCD.
c/ Gi , 2 M SC SM MC = , N l hnh chiu ca A ln SD. Tnh
. A MNDC
V .
Cu 6. Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x
. Gi I l giao im 2 ng tim cn ca
( )
C . Tm
( )
M C sao cho tip tuyn
ca
( )
C ti M vung gc vi ng thng IM.

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
3 2
3 1 ( )
m
y x x mx C =
a/ Tmm hm s c cc i v cc tiu.
b/ Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s
( )
C khi 4 m = .
c/ Chng minh rng: phng trnh
3 2
3 4 0 x x x a = lun c ng 1 nghim a .
d/ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi
( )
C , bit tip tuyn c h s gc bng 4.
e/ Tm m ng thng 1 y = ct
( )
m
C ti 3 im phn bit
( )
, , 0,1 A B C .
f/ Tmm tip tuyn ca
( )
m
C ti A v B vung gc nhau.
a/
( ) ( )
5 21 7. 5 21 8.2
x x
x
= b/
2 3
12 2 4.3 32
x x x
=
c/
2 2
2
9 36.3 3 0
x x
= d/
( )
2 1
2
log log 2 3 x x
Cu 3. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s:
a/ . ln y x x = trn on
2
1,e
l
l
l
b/
2
3
1
x x
y
x
trn on 2, 4
l
l
l
.
Cu 4. Cho hm s:
( ) ( )
2 cos 5
2 3 1 .
x
f x x x e = . Tnh o hm bc nht ca hm s
( )
f x . Tm tp xc nh
ca hm s:
( )
( )
2
3
log 3 2 4 g x x x x = .
Cu 5. Cho hnh chp u . S ABC , mt bn hp vi mt y mt gc
0
60 , cnh y bng a .
a/ Tnh th tch khi chp . S ABC .
b/ Xc nh tmI v tnh th tch khi cu ngoi tip hnh chp . S ABC .
c/ Tnh khong cch tAn
( )
mp SBC .
Cu 6. Cho hm s
( )
4 2
1 3
2 2
m
y x mx C = . Tmm hm s
( )
m
C c 3 cc tr lp thnh tam gic u.

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( )
2 1
2
x
y C
x

10
11
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

( )
C .
b/ Tm trn
( )
C cc im m tip tuyn ti song song vi ng thng : 5 1 0 x y = .
c/ Tm cc gi tr m th hm s
( )
C ct ng thng : 5 d y mx = ti 2 im phn bit A v B.
Vi gi tr no cam th 2 im A v B nm v 2 nhnh ca
( )
C .
a/
4 3 2 1
2 5.2 2 0
x x
= b/
2
3 3
log log 9 3 0 x x =
c/
2
1 1
3 2
x x
d/
( ) ( )
5
3 3
3
1
log 1 2log 3 1 log
2
x x =
Cu 3. Tm tham sm hm s:
( ) ( )
3 2
2 1 1 1 y x m x m x = c hai cc tr.
Cu 4. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca cc hm s:
a/
2
ln 2 y x x = trn
2
3
1
,e
e
l
l
l
l
b/
2
2
4 1
1
x x
x x
e e
y
e e

=

Cu 5. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, tm O, SC hp vi mt phng y 1 gc 60
o
v M l
trung im ca SC, N l hnh chiu ca SA ln SB.
a/ Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC v S.AMN.
b/ Xc nh tm v tnh din tch mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABCD.
c/ Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SBC) v din tch SMN.

Cu 1. Cho hm s
( )
2 1
1
x
y C
x

( )
C .
b/ Giao im ca
( )
C vi trc honh l A. Tip tuyn ca
( )
C ti A ct trc tung ti B. Tnh din
tch OAB .
c/ Chng minh rng
( )
C lun ct ng thng : d y x m = ti 2 im phn bit A v B. Vi gi tr
no cam th AB ngn nht.
d/ M l im bt k trn
( )
C . Chng minh rng tch khong cch t M n 2 tim cn l mt hng s.
e/ Xc nh ta im
( )
N C tng khong cch t N n 2 ng tim cn l nh nht.
a/
( )
2 1
3 3
log 3 1 log 4
x
x
= b/
( )
2
1 2
3
log log 8 1 x
l

l
l

c/
2
1 9
3
log 3 6 log 3lg10 0 x x = d/
1
3.9 89.6 24.4 0
x x x

Cu 3. Cho hm s:
( )
4 2
2 1 3 y x m x =
( )
C .
a/ Tm tham sm th ca hm s
( )
C c 3 im cc tr.
b/ Tm tham sm th ca hm s
( )
C ct trc honh ti 4 im phn bit, ng thi honh ca 4
im ny lp thnh cp s cng (cch u nhau).
a/
( )
3 2
3
x
y e x x = trn on 1, 2
l
l
l
b/
( )

7
8
ln . ln . ln
x
y x e x
e
1

=

( )
trn on
5
, e e
l
l
l
.
12
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Cu 5. Cho hnh chp u S.ABCD, c O l tm ca y, cnh bn hp vi mt y mt gc 60
o
v a 2 BD = .
a/ Tnh V
S.ABCD
?
b/ Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABCD.
c/ Gi E l trung im ca SO, H l giao im ca AE v SC, K l hnh chiu ca A ln SD. Tnh th tch
khi chp S.AHK.

Cu 1. Cho hm s
( )

3 2
2 3 1 y x x C =
( )
C .
b/ Da vo th
( )
C , hy tmm phng trnh
3 2
2 3 1 2 0
m
x x = c 3 nghim phn bit.
c/ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C), bit tip tuyn vung gc vi ng thng: 12 1 0 x y = .

a/
9
3
1
log 81 log 3
2
x
x = b/
( )
9
3 3
1 1
4 log 2 log 2 1 log
2 2
x x x =
c/
( ) ( )
3
lg 10 1000 . lg 10 1 4
x x
= d/
2
11
2
2
2 81 6
3 32
x x
1

( )

Cu 3. Tm tham sm cc hm s:
( )
3 2 2
1
1 1
3
y x mx m m x = t cc tr ti 1 x = . Khi ,
hm s t cc i hay cc tiu ? Tnh gi tr cc tr tng ng ?

Cu 4. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s sau:
a/
( )
2
ln 2 5 3 y x x = trn on 2; 3
l
l
l
b/
( )
1 2
. 1
x
y e x x
= trn on 1;2
l
l
l

Cu 5. Cho hnh chp . S ABC c y l tam gic vung cn ti B , trong 2 mt phng
( )
SAB v
( )
SAC cng
vung gc vi mt phng y, 2 AC a = v SC hp vi y mt gc
0
45 .
a/ Tnh th tch khi chp . S ABC .
b/ Xc nh tm v tnh din tch mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp . S ABC .
c/ Gi , H K ln lt l hnh chiu caAln , SB SC . Tnh th tch khi chp . S AHK .

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( )

4 2
2 3 y x x C =
( )
C .
b/ Da vo
( )
C , hy bin lun theok s nghim ca phng trnh:
4 2
2 2 2 0 x x k = .
c/ ng thngtip xc vi
( )
C ti im M thuc
( )
C c honh bng 1 v ct 2 trc ta ti A
v B . Tnh din tch tam gic OAB .

a/
( ) ( )
2 1 2 1
2 3 2 3 14
x x
= b/
2
1 3
2
log 4 15log 10 0 x x =
c/
1
2
2 1
log
1
3 9
4 16
x
x

( )
d/
( )
1 8
2
4
1
log 1 2log 2 3log 3
2
x x =
13
14
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Cu 3. Cho hm s:
( )
3 2
2 3 1 y x ax b x = . Tm , a b hm s cho t cc tr bng 2 ti 1 x = .
y l im cc i hay cc tiu. T tnh gi tr cc tr tng ng.

a/
2
3 10 y x x = b/
3
4
2sin sin
3
y x x = trn on 0;
l
l
l

Cu 5. Cho hnh chp . S ABC c y l tam gic vung ti
( )
, A SA ABC .
a/ Bit 6 , 10 , AC a AB a SC = = hp vi mt y 1 gc
0
60 . Tnh th tch khi chp . S ABC .
b/ Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu hnh chp . S ABC .
c/ Tnh din tch SBC v khong cch t A n
( )
mp SBC .

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( )
2 2
1
x
y C
x

( )
C cho.
b/ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi
( )
C ti giao im ca
( )
C vi trc honh.
c/ ng thng qua
( )
0; 3 A c h s gc lm . Tmm
( )
C ct ti 2 im phn bit.
a/
1
27.9 25.6 18.4 0
x x x
b/
( ) ( ) ( )
1 3
3
9
1
log 1 2log 5 1 log 3
2
x x x =
c/
1
2
1
log log 0
3
x
x
l
l

l
l
l
d/
1 3
2
4 1 2 1
x x
=

Cu 3. Tm tham sm th ca hm s:
3 2
9
3
8
y x mx m x = c 2 im cc tr, ng thi hai im
cc tr ny nm v pha bn tri trc tung Oy .

a/
2 2
7
2
x
y e x x
1

=

( )
trn 2; 0
l
l
l
b/
3
ln
1
x
y
x
= trn on
3
1;e
l
l
l

Cu 5. Cho hnh chp . S ABCD c y l hnh thang vung ti , A D v
( )
SA ABCD .
a/ Bit , 2 , 3 , AC a AB a AD a SC = = = hp vi mt y mt gc
0
30 . Tnh th tch khi chp
. S ABCD .
b/ Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu hnh chp . S ADC .

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( ) ( )

3 2
3 2 2
m
y x m x mx C =
a/ nhm hm s c cc i v cc tiu.
b/ Kho st s bin thin v v th
( )
C ca hm s khi 1 m = .
15
16
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

c/ Tip tuyn ca
( )
C ti im
( )
A C c honh 1 x = ct
( )
C ti giao im th nh l B, khc im
A. Xc nh ta ca im B.
d/ Bin lun theok s giao im ca
( )
C v ng thng
( )
: 1 2 d y k x = .
a/
2
100 y x = trn 8 6;
l
l
l
b/
2
sin cos 2 y x x =
Cu 3. Cho , 0 a b tha h thc:
2 2
9 10 a b ab = . Chng minh rng:
( )
3 1
lg lg lg
4 2
a b
a b
= .
a/ 2 3 2 3 4
x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )
b/
( )
2
log 3.2 1 2 1
x
x =
c/
3
2 2 9
x x
d/
( )
2
2
log 3 2 x x <
Cu 5. Cho khi chp S.ABC c ng cao 2 , SA a ABC = vung C c

2 , 30
o
AB a CAB = = . Gi , H K
l hnh chiu caA trnSC v SB .
a/ Chng minh rng: AH SB v
( )
SB AHK .
b/ Tnh th tch v din tch ton phn ca khi chp . S ABC .
c/ Tnh t s th tch
.
.
S AHK
S ABC
V
V
.
d/ Tm tm, bn knh v tnh din tch mt cu ngoi tip khi chp . S ABC .

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( ) ( )

4 2
2 1 2 1 y x m x m Cm =
a/ Tm tham sm hm s
( )
Cm c 3 cc tr.
( )
C khi 2 m = .
c/ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th
( )
C , bit tip tuyn song song vi ng thng:
24 2012 0 x y = .
d/ Tma phng trnh:
4 2
2 1 lg 0 x x a = c 4 nghim phn bit.
Cu 2. Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca hm s:
3
sin 3cos2 1 y x x = .
Cu 3. Cho
14
2
log t = . Hy tnh:
49 7
log 32 theo t . Tm tp xc nh ca hm s:
( )
2 2
12 .lg 4 y x x x = .
a/
1 2
3
64 2 12 0
x x
= b/
( ) ( )
25 5 5
2 log 3 11 log 27 3log 10 x x =
c/
2
2
2
log
log 1
x
x
d/
1
1
2 1
2
2 1
x
x
<

Cu 5. Cho hnh chp t gic u . S ABCD c cnh y bnga , cnh bn to vi mt y mt gc
0
60 . Gi O l
giao im caAC v BD.
a/ Tm gc gia mt bn v mt y hnh chp.
b/ Tnh din tch xung quanh v th tch ca hnh nn ngoi tip hnh chp . S ABCD .
c/ Tnh din tch xung quanh v th tch ca hnh tr ngoi tip hnh chp . S ABCD .
d/ Xc nh tm, bn knh v tnh din tch mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp . S ABCD .

17
18
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com


Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( )
( )

2
3 1 m x m m
y Cm
x m

=

a/ Chng minh rng: 0 m hm s ng bin trn tng khong xc nh.
( )
C ca hm s khi 1 m = .
c/ Tm nhng im c ta nguyn trn th
( )
C .
d/ Chng minh rng: ng thng : 2 0 d x y a = lun ct
( )
C ti 2 im phn bit nm trn 2 nhnh
khc nhau ca th
( )
C .
a/
2
.
x
y x e
= trn on 0;1
l
l
l
b/
( )
2
2
1 9
; 0;
8 1
x x
y x
x

=

Cu 3. Bit: lg 3 , lg2 a b = = . Tnh
125
log 30 theo , a b .
a/ 4.12 4.8 27 18
x x x x
= b/
( )
3 3
log 1 log 2 7 1
x l
=
l
l

c/
( )
2
1
2
log 5 6 3 x x d/
lg 4 lg
4 4
x
x
Cu 5. Cho hnh chp . S ABCD c yABCDl hnh ch nht, hai mt phng
( )
SAB v
( )
mp SAD cng vung
gc vi
( )
, 3, , 3 mp ABCD SA a AB a AD a = = = .
a/ Tnh th tch khi chp . S ABCD .
b/ Tnh khong cch t im An
( )
mp SBC .
c/ Tnh din tch hnh nn sinh bi SAC khi quay quanh AC .
d/ Tnh th tch hnh tr sinh bi hnh ch nht ABCD khi quay quanh cnh AD.

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( )
2
3 3
1
x x
y C
x

=

( )
C .
( )
C , bit tip tuyn i qua
( )
1, 3 M .
c/ Tm iu kin cak ng thngd c h s gck i qua
( )
1, 3 A v ct
( )
C ti 2 im phn bit.
d/ Chng minh rng: tch cc khong cch tM ty trn th
( )
C n 2 ng tim cn ca n l mt
hng s.
Cu 2. Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca hm s:
2
sin 2sin 2
sin 1
x x
y
x

=
.
Cu 3. Chng minh rng:
log . log
log log
log
a b
a b
ab
c c
c c
c
= .
a/
2 2
5 1 5
4 12.2 8 0
x x x x
= b/
( )
2 2 4
log log 2 log 1
x
<
c/
( )
1 5
2
log log 3 0 x < d/
( )
2
log
4
2 . 64
x
x x =
19
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Cu 5. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang vung ti A v D c SAD , 2 , DA DC a AB a = = =
vung cn ti A v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi mp(ABCD).
a/ Chng minh rng: ( ) SA ABCD v tnh th tch hnh chp S.ABCD.
b/ Tnh th tch hnh chp S.BCD.
c/ Tnh khong cch t D n mp(SBC).
d/ Tm tm v bn knh mt cu qua 4 im S, A, C, D.

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( )

2
(1 ) (4 ) y x x C =
( )
C cho.
( )
C ti giao im ca
( )
C vi trc honh.
c/ Tm tham sm phng trnh:
3 2
6 9 4 0 x x x m = c 3 nghim phn bit.

Cu 2. Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca cc hm s sau:
a/ 1 3 6 9 y x x x = b/
3 2 3
2 y x x = trn on
1
; 3
3
l
l
l
.
Cu 3. Cho hm s
2
2 3 2
2
x x m
y
x

=
. Tmm hm s c im cc i v im cc tiu ti cc im c
honh
1 2
; x x tha mn:
( ) ( )
2 1
8 y x y x = .
a/
4
3
3
4 7
2
x
x
= b/
2 3
2 16 4
log 14log 40log 0
x x x
x x x =
c/
2 1
1
1 1
3. 12
3 3
x x
1 1

( ) ( )
d/
( ) ( )
2 2
1 7 4 1
4 7
Cu 5. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B, AB a = , ( ) SA ABC , gc gia mp(SBC)
v (ABC) bng 30
o
. Gi M l trung im ca cnh SC. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABM theo a .

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( ) ( )

3 2
1
2 1 2
3
m
y x mx m x m C = .
a/ Kho st s bin v v th hm s
( )
3
C khi 2 m = .
b/ Da vo th hm s
( )
3
C , hy tm k phng trnh:
2
3 2 1
3 18 2 0
k
x x

= c ng 2 nghim
phn bit.
c/ Tm tham sm th hm s
( )
m
C nghch bin trn
( )
0;2 .
a/
( )
2
6 4 y x x = trn 0; 3
l
l
l
b/
2 2
1 1, y x x x x x =
Cu 3. Cho hm s:
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2
2 1 4 1 2 1 y x m x m m x m = . Tmm hm s t cc tr ti
hai im
1 2
, x x sao cho:
( )
1 2
1 2
1 1 1
2
x x
x x
= .
20
21
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

a/
1
1 1
3 5 3 1
x x
<

b/
1 2 1 2
9 9 9 4 4 4
x x x x x x
<
c/
( )
1
1
5
log 6 36 2
x x
= d/
( )
2
3 3
Cu 5. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c , 2 AB a SA a = = . Gi M, N v P ln lt l trung im ca
cc cnh SA, SB v CD. Chng minh rng ng thng MN vung gc vi ng thng SP. Tnh theo
a th tch khi t din AMNP.

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( )

4
2 3 y x x C =
( )
C .
b/ Da vo th
( )
C , hy bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh:
4
2 3 0 x x m = .
c/ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th
( )
C . Bit rng tip tuyn i qua im
( )
1;2 A .

a/
2
1
1
x
y
x
trn 1;2
l
l
l
b/ 2 cos cos y x x = trn 0;
2
l
l
l
l

Cu 3. Cho hm s
4 2
1 1
1
4 2
y x mx m = . Tm m hm s c 3 cc tr, ng thi ba cc tr y to thnh
mt tam gic ni tip c trong ng trn c bn knh R = 1.

a/
( ) ( )
3
3 5 16. 3 5 2
x x
x
= b/
( )
2
4
4 2
log log 4 10 0
4
x
x
1

=

( )

c/
1 1 1
4 5.2 16 0
x x x x
d/
( ) ( )
2 3
2 3
2
log 1 log 1
0
3 4
x x
x x

Cu 5. Cho hnh chp t gic u . S ABCD cnh y bnga . Gi SH l ng cao ca hnh chp. Khong cch
t trung im I caSH n
( )
mp SBC bngb . Tnh th tch khi chp . S ABCD .

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( ) ( )

3 2
3 1 9
m
y x m x x m C =
( )
1
C khi 1 m = .
( )
1
C ti im c h s gc bng 9.
c/ Tm tham sk phng trnh:
3 2
6 9 2 0 x x x k = c 6 nghim phn bit.
d/ Tmm hm s
( )
m
C c 2 cc tr ti
1 2
, x x , ng thi hai honh cc tr tha mn:
1 2
2 x x .
e/ Tm m hm s
( )
m
C hm s ng bin trn khong c di bng 1.

Cu 2. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht (nu c) ca cc hm s:
22
23
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

a/
( )
7
8
ln . ln . . ln
x
y x e x
e
1

=

( )
trn
5
; e e
l
l
l
b/
2
12 y x x =
Cu 3. Cho 0, 1 a a . Chng minh rng:
( )
( )
( )
1
log 1 log 2
a a
a a
.
a/
( )
3 3
36. 2 3 9.8 4.27
x x x x
= b/
( ) ( )
3 1
1 3
10 3 10 3
x x
x x

<
c/
3 3
3 3
1 log 1 log 1 x x = d/
2
0,1 2
1
log log 0
1
x
x
<

Cu 5. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D, , 2 AD DC a AB a = = = . Bit
rng hai mt phng (SAB) v (SAD) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD), SC to vi mt phng y
(ABCD) mt gc 60
0
. Gi I l trung im ca SB.

a/ Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD theo a .
b/ Chng minh tam gic SBC vung v tnh di on thng CI.
c/ Gi M l im thuc cnh SB sao cho 3 SB SM = . Tnh th tch khi chp M.ABCD.

Cu 1. Cho hm s:
( )

1
1
x
y C
x

( )
C .
b/ Da vo th
( )
C , hy bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh:
( )
2
2 1 1 0 x m x m = .
b/ Tm tt c im thuc th
( )
C m c ta nguyn.
c/ Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham sk ng thng : 2 0 d x y k = ct th
( )
C ti hai im phn
bit A, B sao cho di on thng AB l ngn nht.
d/ Tm tt c cc im trn trc tung m t v c ng 1 tip tuyn n
( )
C .
e/ Cho
( )
0; E . Xc nh t E k c 2 tip tuyn n
( )
C sao cho 2 tip tuyn tng ng:
C honh dng.
Nm v hai pha so vi trc honh.
f/ Tm trn
( )
C nhng im c tng khong cch t n hai ng tim cn ca
( )
C l nh nht.
g/ Gi
( )
,
o o
M x y l mt im bt k thuc
( )
C . Tip tuyn ti imM ct tim cn ng v tim cn
ngang ca
( )
C theo th t lP v Q. Gi I l giao im ca hai ng tim cn. Chng minh rng
din tch IPQ khng ph thuc vo v tr ca imM .
Cu 2. Mt tm nhm hnh vung cnh a. Ngi ta ct bn gc bn hnh vung bng nhau, ri gp cc tm
nhm li c mt ci hp khng np. Tnh cnh ca hnh vung b ct sao cho th tch ca khi hp l
ln nht.
Cu 3. Bi ton lin quan n phng trnh m v logarit.
13/ Cho phng trnh:
( )
.9 3 1 3 5 2 0
x x
m m m =
( )

a/ Gii phng trnh
( )
khi 2 m = .
24
www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

b/ Tmm phng trnh
( )
c 2 nghim tri du.
14/ Cho phng trnh:
2 2
3 3
log log 1 2 1 0 x x m =
a/ Gii phng trnh khi 2 m = .
b/ Tm m phng trnh c t nht mt nghim trn
3
1; 3
l
l
l
.
Cu 4. Cho hm s
3 2 3
3 4 y x mx m = . Tm m hm s c cc i v cc tiu, ng thi hai im ny
cng nm v mt pha i vi ng thng : 3 2 8 0 d x y = .
Cu 5. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi, hai ng cho 2 3 , 2 AC a BD a = = ct nhau ti
O, hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Bit khong t O n mt
phng (SAB) bng
3
4
a
. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a .
Cu 6. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD. Mt phng (P) qua A v vung gc vi SC ct SB, SC, SD ln lt ti
B, C, D. Bit
' 2
,
3
SB
AB a
SB
= = .
a/ Tnh t s th tch ca hai khi chp S.ABCD v S.ABCD.
b/ Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD
Cu 7. Cho hnh lng tr tam gic ABC.ABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a . Tnh th tch khi lng tr
v khong cch t A n mt phng (ABC) theo a , bit rng:
2 3
' ' '
3
AA A B A C a = = = .

www.luyenthi24h.com
www.luyenthi24h.com

Phan Loai Phuong Trinh Mu - Logarith

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Phan Loai Phuong Trinh Mu - Logarith

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Phn loi v phng php gii ton 12 www.MATHVN.com www.MATHVN.com www.MATHVN.com www.MATHVN.com Ths.

vi , , a b c ln lt theo th t lp thnh cp s nhn.

= c ba nghim phn bit.

< < < < < <

. Chng minh rng: ' 1

You might also like