Toan Tap Luong Giac 2011

CHNG 1: CONG THC LNG GIAC
I. nh ngha
Tren mat phang Oxy cho ng tron lng giac tam O ban knh R=1 va iem M
tren ng tron lng giac ma s
AM = vi 0 2
at k2 , k Z = +
Ta nh ngha:
sin OK =
cos OH =
sin
tg
cos
vi cos 0
cos
cot g
sin
vi sin 0
II. Bang gia tr lng giac cua mot so cung (hay goc) ac biet

Goc
Gia tr
( )
o
0 0
( )
o
30
6

( )
o
45
4

( )
o
60
3

( )
o
90
2

sin 0 1
2

2
2

3
2

1
cos 1
3
2

2
2

1
2

0
tg
0
3
3

1
3
||
cot g
||
3
1
3
3

0

III. He thc c ban
2 2
sin cos 1 + =
2
2
1
1 tg
cos
+ =
vi
( ) k k Z
2
+
2
2
1
t cot g
sin
+ =
vi ( )
k k Z
IV. Cung lien ket (Cach nh: cos oi, sin bu, tang sai ; phu cheo)
a. oi nhau: va
( )
sin sin =
( )
cos cos =
( ) ( )
tg tg =
( ) ( )
cot g cot g =

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b. Bu nhau: va
( )
( )
( )
( )
sin sin
cos cos
tg tg
cot g cot g
=
=
=
=

c. Sai nhau : va +
( )
( )
( )
( )
sin sin
cos cos
tg t g
cot g cot g
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =

d. Phu nhau: va
2

sin cos
2
cos sin
2
tg cot g
2
cot g tg
2

=

=

=

=

e.Sai nhau
2
: va
2
+
sin cos
2
cos sin
2
tg cot g
2
cot g tg
2

+ =

+ =

+ =

+ =

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f.

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
k
k
sin x k 1 sinx, k Z
cos x k 1 cosx, k Z
tg x k tgx, k Z
cot g x k cot gx

V. Cong thc cong
( )
( )
( )
sin a b sinacosb sinbcosa
cos a b cosacosb sinasinb
tga tgb
tg a b
1 tgatgb
=
=

VI. Cong thc nhan oi
=
= = =
=
=
2 2 2 2
2
2
sin2a 2sinacosa
cos2a cos a sin a 1 2sin a 2cos a 1
2tga
tg2a
1 tg a
cot g a 1
cot g2a
2cot ga

VII. Cong thc nhan ba:
3
3
sin3a 3sina 4sin a
cos3a 4cos a 3cosa
=
=

VIII. Cong thc ha bac:
( )
( )
2
2
2
1
sin a 1 cos2a
2
1
cos a 1 cos2a
2
1 cos2a
tg a
1 cos2a
=
= +
=
+

IX. Cong thc chia oi
at
a
t tg
2
= (vi ) a k2 +
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2
2
2
2
2t
sina
1 t
1 t
cosa
1 t
2t
tga
1 t
=
+
=
+
=

X. Cong thc bien oi tong thanh tch
( )
( )
a b a b
cosa cos b 2cos cos
2 2
a b a b
cosa cos b 2sin sin
2 2
a b a b
sina sinb 2cos sin
2 2
a b a b
sina sinb 2cos sin
2 2
sin a b
tga tgb
cosacos b
sin b a
cot ga cot gb
sina.sinb
+
+ =
+
=
+
+ =
+
=
=

XI. Cong thc bien oi tch thanh tong
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
cosa.cos b cos a b cos a b
2
1
sina.sinb cos a b cos a b
2
1
sina.cos b sin a b sin a b
2
= + +

= +

= + +

Bai 1: Chng minh
4 4
6 6
sin a cos a 1 2
sin a cos a 1 3
+
=
+

Ta co:
( )
2
4 4 2 2 2 2 2
sin a cos a 1 sin a cos a 2sin acos a 1 2sin acos a + = + =
2

Va:
( )( )
( )
6 6 2 2 4 2 2 4
4 4 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
sin a cos a 1 sin a cos a sin a sin acos a cos a 1
sin a cos a sin acos a 1
1 2sin acos a sin acos a 1
3sin acos a
+ = + +
= +
=
=

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Do o:
4 4 2 2
6 6 2 2
sin a cos a 1 2sin acos a 2
sin a cos a 1 3sin acos a 3
+
= =
+

Bai 2: Rut gon bieu thc
( )
2
2
1 cosx
1 cosx
A 1
sinx sin x

+
= = +

Tnh gia tr A neu
1
cosx
2
= va x
2
< <
Ta co:
2 2
2
1 cosx sin x 1 2cosx cos x
A
sinx sin x
+ + +
=

( )
2
2 1 cosx
1 cosx
A .
sinx sin x
+
=
( )
2
2
3 3
2 1 cos x
2sin x 2
A
sin x sin x sinx
= = = (vi sinx 0 )
Ta co:
2 2
1 3
sin x 1 cos x 1
4 4
= = =
Do: x
2
< < nen sin x 0 >

Vay
3
sinx
2
=
Do o
2 4 4
A
sinx 3
3
= = =
3

Bai 3: Chng minh cac bieu thc sau ay khong phu thuoc x:
a. A =
4 4 2 2 2
2cos x sin x sin xcos x 3sin x + +
b.
2 cot gx 1
tgx 1 cot gx 1
+

B= +

a. Ta co:
4 4 2 2
A 2cos x sin x sin xcos x 3sin x = + +
2

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
4 2 2 2 2
4 2 4 2 4
A 2cos x 1 cos x 1 cos x cos x 3 1 cos x
A 2cos x 1 2cos x cos x cos x cos x 3 3cos x
= + +
= + + +
2

A 2 = (khong phu thuoc x)

b. Vi ieu kien sinx.cosx 0,tgx 1
Ta co:
2 cot gx
B
tgx 1 cot gx 1
1 +
= +

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1
1
2 2 tgx
B
1
tgx 1 tgx 1 1 tgx
1
tgx
+
+
= + = +

1 tgx

( ) 2 1 tgx
1 tgx
B 1
tgx 1 tgx 1

= = =

(khong phu thuoc vao x)

Bai 4: Chng minh
( )
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
1 cosa
1 cosa cos b sin c
1 cot g bcot g c cot ga 1
2sina sin a sin bsin c

+
+ =

Ta co:
*
2 2
2 2
2 2
cos b sin c
cot g b.cot g c
sin b.sin c

2
2 2
2 2
cotg b 1
cot g bcot g c
sin c sin b
=
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
cot g b 1 cot g c 1 cot g b cot g bcot g c 1 = + + = (1)
*
( )
2
2
1 cosa
1 cosa
1
2sina sin a

+

( )
2
2
1 cosa
1 cosa
1
2sina 1 cos a

+
=

1 cosa 1 cosa
1
2sina 1 cosa
+
=

+

1 cosa 2cosa
. c
2sina 1 cosa
+
= =
+
ot ga (2)
Lay (1) + (2) ta c ieu phai chng minh xong.

Bai 5: Cho tuy y vi ba goc eu la nhon. ABC
Tm gia tr nho nhat cua P tgA.tgB.tgC =

Ta co: A B C + =
Nen: ( )
tg A B tgC + =
tgA tgB
tgC
1 tgA.tgB
+
=

+

tgA tgB tgC tgA.tgB.tgC + = +
Vay: P tgA.tgB.tgC tgA tgB tgC = = +
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Ap dung bat ang thc Cauchy cho ba so dng tg ta c A, tgB, tgC
3
tgA tgB tgC 3 tgA.tgB.tgC + +
3
P 3 P
3 2
P 3
P 3 3

Dau = xay ra
= =

=

< <
tgA tgB tgC

A B C
3 0 A,B,C
2
= =
Do o: MinP 3 3 A B C
3
= = = =
Bai 6 : Tm gia tr ln nhat va nho nhat cua
a/
8 4
y 2sin x cos 2x = +
b/
4
y sin x cos = x
a/ Ta co :
4
4
1 cos2x
y 2 cos 2x
2

= +

at vi th t cos 2x = 1 t 1
( )
4
4
1
y 1 t
8
= + t
=> ( )
3
3
1
y' 1 t 4t
2
= +
Ta co : ( ) y' 0 =
3
3
1 t 8t =
1 t 2t =

1
t
3
=
Ta co y(1) = 1; y(-1) = 3;
1 1
y
3 2

=

7

Do o : va
=
x
y 3 Max
=
x
1
y
Min
27

b/ Do ieu kien : sin va co ne n mien xac nh x 0 s x 0

= +

D k2 , k2
2
vi k
at t cos = x x vi th 0 t 1
4 2 2
t cos x 1 sin = =
Ne n
4
sinx 1 t =
Va y
8 4
y 1 t = t tren [ ] D' 0,1 =
Th
( )
= <
3
7
4
8
t
y' 1 0
2. 1 t
[ ) t 0; 1
Ne n y giam tren [ 0, 1 ]. Vay : ( )
= =
x D
max y y 0 1, ( )
= =
x D
min y y 1 1
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Bai 7: Cho ham so
4 4
y sin x cos x 2msinxcos = + x
Tm gia tr m e y xac nh vi moi x

Xet
4 4
f (x) sin x cos x 2msin x cos x = +
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
f x sin x cos x msin2x 2sin x cos x = +
2

( )
2
1
f x 1 sin 2x msin2x
2
=
at : vi t sin2x = [ ] t 1, 1
y xac nh x ( ) f x 0 x R

2
1
1 t [ ]
mt
2
0 t 1,1
( )
2
g t t 2mt 2 0 = + [ ] t 1,1
t

Do nen g(t) co 2 nghiem phan biet t
2
' m 2 0 = + > m
1
, t
2
Luc o t t
1
t
2
g(t) + 0 - 0
Do o : yeu cau bai toan
1 2
t 1 1 <

( )
( )
1g 1 0
1g 1 0

2m 1 0
2m 1 0

1
m
2
1
m
2

1 1
m
2 2

Cach khac :

g t ( )
2
t 2mt 2 0 = + [ ] t 1, 1
{ }
[ , ]
max ( ) max ( ), ( )
t
g t g g

11
0 1 1 0
{ } max ), ) m m + 2 1 2 1 0
1
m
2
1
m
2

m
1 1
2 2

Bai 8 : Chng minh
4 4 4 4
3 5 7
A sin sin sin sin
16 16 16 16 2

= + + +
3
=
Ta co :
7
sin sin cos
16 2 16 16

= =

= =

5 5
sin cos cos
16 2 16 16
3

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Mat khac :
( )
2
4 4 2 2 2
sin cos sin cos 2sin cos + = +
2

2 2
1 2sin cos =

2
1
1 sin 2
2
=
Do o :
4 4 4 4
7 3
A sin sin sin sin
16 16 16 16

= + + +
5

4 4 4 4
3 3
sin cos sin cos
16 16 16 16

= + + +

2 2
1 1
1 sin 1 sin
2 8 2 8
3
= +

2 2
1 3
2 sin sin
2 8 8

= +

2 2
1
2 sin cos
2 8 8

= +

=

3
do sin cos
8 8

1 3
2
2 2
= =

Bai 9 : Chng minh :
o o o o
16sin10 . sin30 . sin50 . sin70 1 =
Ta co :
o
o
Acos10 1
A
cos10 cos10
= =
o
(16sin10
o
cos10
o
)sin30
o
.sin50
o
.sin70
o

( )
o o
o
1 1
o
A 8sin 20 cos 40 . cos 20
2 cos10

=

( )
0 o
o
1
o
A 4sin20 cos 20 . cos 40
cos10
=

( )
o o
o
1
A 2sin40 cos 40
cos10
=

o
o
o o
1 cos10
A sin 80 1
cos10 cos10
= = =

Bai 10 : Cho ABC . Chng minh :
A B B C C A
tg tg tg tg tg tg 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + =
Ta co :
A B C
2 2
+
=
2

Vay :
A B C
tg cot g
2 2
+
=

A B
tg tg
1
2 2
A B C
1 tg .tg tg
2 2 2
+
=

A B C A
tg tg tg 1 tg tg
2 2 2 2

+ =

B
2

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A C B C A B
tg tg tg tg tg tg 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + =

Bai 11 : Chng minh : ( )

+ + + = 8 4tg 2tg tg cot g *
8 16 32 32

Ta co : (*) 8 cot g tg 2tg 4tg
32 32 16 8

=

Ma :
2 2
cosa sina cos a sin a
cot ga tga
sina cosa sina cosa
= =
cos2a
2cot g2a
1
sin2a
2
= =
Do o :
(*) cot g tg 2tg 4tg 8
32 32 16 8

=
2cot g 2tg 4tg 8
16 16 8

=
4cot g 4tg 8
8 8

=
8cot g 8
4
= (hien nhien ung)

Bai :12 : Chng minh :
a/
2 2 2
2 2
cos x cos x cos x
3 3
3
2
+ + + =

b/
1 1 1 1
cot gx cot g16x
sin2x sin4x sin8x sin16x
+ + + =

a/ Ta co :
2 2 2
2 2
cos x cos x cos x
3 3

+ + +

( )
1 1 4 1 4
1 cos2x 1 cos 2x 1 cos 2x
2 2 3 2 3

= + + + + + +

3 1 4 4
cos2x cos 2x cos 2x
2 2 3 3

= + + + +

3 1 4
cos2x 2cos2x cos
2 2 3

= + +

3 1 1
cos2x 2cos2x
2 2 2

= + +

3
2
=
b/ Ta co :
cosa cos b sinbcosa sina cos b
cot ga cot gb
sina sinb sinasinb
= =
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( ) sin b a
sinasinb
=
Do o :
( )
( )
sin 2x x
1
cot gx cot g2x 1
sinxsin2x sin2x
= =
( )
( )
sin 4x 2x
1
cot g2x cot g4x 2
sin2xsin4x sin4x
= =
( )
( )
sin 8x 4x
1
cot g4x cot g8x 3
sin4xsin8x sin8x
= =
( )
( )
sin 16x 8x
1
cot g8x cot g16x 4
sin16xsin8x sin16x
= =
Lay (1) + (2) + (3) + (4) ta c
1 1 1 1
cot gx cot g16x
= + + +

Bai 13 : Chng minh : + =
3 0 2 0
8sin 18 8sin 18 1
Ta co: sin18
0
= cos72
0
sin18
0
= 2cos
2
36
0
- 1
sin18
0
= 2(1 2sin
2
18
0
)
2
1
sin18
0
= 2(1 4sin
2
18
0
+4sin
4
18
0
)-1
8sin
4
18
0
8sin
2
18
0
sin18
0
+ 1 = 0 (1 )
(sin18
0
1)(8sin
3
18
0
+ 8sin
2
18
0
1) = 0
8sin
3
18
0
+ 8sin
2
18
0
1 = 0 (do 0 < sin18
0
< 1)
Cach khac :
Chia 2 ve cua (1) cho ( sin18
0
1 ) ta co
( 1 ) 8sin
2
18
0
( sin18
0
+ 1 ) 1 = 0

Bai 14 : Chng minh :
a/ ( )
4 4
1
sin x cos x 3 cos4x
4
+ = +
b/ ( )
1
sin6x cos6x 5 3cos4x
8
+ = +
c/ ( )
8 8
1
sin x cos x 35 28cos4x cos8x
64
+ = + +
a/ Ta co:
( )
2
4 4 2 2 2
sin x cos x sin x cos x 2sin x cos x + = +
2

2
2
1 sin 2
4
= x
( )
1
1 1 cos4
4
= x

3 1
cos4x
4 4
= +
b/ Ta co : sin6x + cos6x
( ) ( )
2 2 4 2 2 4
sin x cos x sin x sin x cos x cos x = + +
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( )
4 4 2
1
sin x cos x sin 2x
4
= +
(
3 1 1
cos4x 1 cos4x
4 4 8

= +

) ( do ket qua cau a )
3 5
cos4x
8 8
= +
c/ Ta co :
( )
+ = +
2
8 8 4 4 4
sin x cos x sin x cos x 2sin x cos x
4

( ) = +
2
4
1 2
3 cos4x sin 2x
16 16

( ) ( )

= + +

2
2
1 1 1
9 6cos4x cos 4x 1 cos4x
16 8 2

( ) ( )
2
9 3 1 1
cos4x 1 cos8x 1 2cos4x cos 4x
16 8 32 32
= + + + +
( ) = + + + +
9 3 1 1 1
cos4x cos8x cos4x 1 cos8x
16 8 32 16 64

35 7 1
cos4x cos8x
64 16 64
= + +

3 3
sin3x.sin x cos3x.cos x cos 2x + =
3

Cach 1:
Ta co : s
3 3 3
in3x.sin x cos3x.cos x cos 2x + =
( ) ( )
3 3 3 3
3sin x 4sin x sin x 4cos x 3cos x cos x = +
4 6 6
3sin x 4sin x 4cos x 3cos x = +
4

( ) ( )
4 4 6 6
3 sin x cos x 4 sin x cos x =
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
3 sin x cos x sin x cos x = +
( ) ( )
2 2 4 2 2 4
4 sin x cos x sin x sin xcos x cos x + +
2 2
3cos2x 4cos2x 1 sin x cos x = +

2
1
3cos2x 4cos2x 1 sin 2x
4

= +

2
1
cos2x 3 4 1 sin 2x
4

= +

( )
2
cos2x 1 sin 2x =
3
cos 2x =
Cach 2 :
Ta co : si
3 3
n3x.sin x cos3x. cos x +
3sin x sin3x 3cos x cos3x
sin3x cos3x
4 4
+
= +

( ) ( )
2 2
3 1
sin3xsinx cos3xcos x cos 3x sin 3x
4 4
= + +
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( )
3 1
cos 3x x cos6x
4 4
= +
( )
1
3cos2x cos3.2x
4
= +
( )
= +
3
1
3cos2x 4cos 2x 3cos2x
4
( bo dong nay cung c)
3
cos 2x =
o o o o o
3 1
cos12 cos18 4cos15 . cos21 cos24
2
+
+ =
Ta co :
( )
o o o o
cos12 cos18 4cos15 cos21 cos24 +
o

( )
o o o o
2cos15 cos3 2cos15 cos45 cos3 = +
o

o o o o o o
2cos15 cos3 2cos15 cos45 2cos15 cos3 =
o o
2cos15 cos45 =
( )
o o
cos60 cos30 = +
3 1
2
+
=

Bai 17 : Tnh
2 o 2 o
P sin 50 sin 70 cos50 cos70 = +
o
Ta co :
( ) ( ) ( )
= + +
o o o
1 1 1
P 1 cos100 1 cos140 cos120 cos20
2 2 2
o

( )
o o
1 1 1
P 1 cos100 cos140 cos20
2 2 2

= + +

o

( )
o o
1 1
P 1 cos120 cos20 cos20
4 2
= +
o

o o
5 1 1 5
P cos20 cos20
4 2 2 4
= + =

o o o o
8 3
tg30 tg40 tg50 tg60 cos20
3
+ + + =
o

Ap dung :
( ) sin a b
tga tgb
cosa cos b
+
+ =
Ta co :
( ) ( )
o o o o
tg50 tg40 tg30 tg60 + + +
o o
o o o
sin90 sin90
cos50 cos40 cos30 cos60
= +
o

o o
o
1 1
1
sin40 cos40
cos30
2
= +
o o
2 2
sin80 cos30
= +
o o
1 1
2
cos10 cos 30

= +

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o o
o o
cos30 cos10
2
cos10 cos30
+
=

p o
o o
cos20 cos10
4
cos10 cos30
=
o
8 3
cos20
3
=
Bai 19 : Cho ABC , Chng minh :
a/
A B C
sinA sinB sinC 4cos cos cos
2 2
+ + =
2

b/
A B C
socA cosB cosC 1 4sin sin sin
2 2
+ + = +
2

c/ sin2A sin2B sin2C 4sin AsinBsinC + + =
d/
2 2 2
cos A cos B cos C 2cos AcosBcosC + + =
e/ tgA tgB tgC tgA.tgB.tgC + + =
f/ cot g A.cot gB cot gB.cot gC cot gC.cot gA 1 + + =
g/ + + =
A B C A B
cot g cot g cot g cot g . cot g . cot g
2 2 2 2 2
C
2

a/ Ta co : ( )
A B A B
sinA sinB sinC 2sin cos sin A B
2 2
+
+ + = + +
A B A B A B
2sin cos cos
2 2 2
+ +
= +

+
= =

C A B A B C
4cos cos cos do
2 2 2 2 2 2

b/ Ta co : ( )
A B A B
cos A cosB cosC 2cos cos cos A B
2 2
+
+ + = +
2
A B A B A B
2cos cos 2cos 1
2 2 2
+ +
=

A B A B A B
2cos cos cos 1
2 2 2
+ +
=

+
A B A B
4cos sin sin 1
2 2 2
+
= +

C A B
4sin sin sin 1
2 2 2
= +
c/ ( ) ( ) sin2Asin2B sin2C 2sin A B cos A B 2sinCcosC + = + +
= + 2sinCcos(A B) 2sinCcosC
= 2sinC[cos(A B) cos(A B) ] +
2

= 4sinCsinAsin( B)
= 4sinCsin AsinB
d/ + +
2 2
cos A cos B cos C
( )
2
1
1 cos2A cos2B cos C
2
= + + +
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( ) ( )
2
1 cos A B cos A B cos C = + + +
( ) 1 cosC cos A B cosC =

do ( ) ( )
cos A B cosC + =
( ) ( ) 1 cosC cos A B cos A B = + +

1 2cosC. cos A. cos B =
e/ Do nen ta co a b C + =
( ) tg A B tgC + =

tgA tgB
tgC
1 tgAtgB
+
=

tgA tgB tgC tgAtgBtgC + = +
tgA tgB tgC tgAtgBtgC + + =
f/ Ta co : cotg(A+B) = - cotgC

1 tgAtgB
cot gC
tgA tgB
=
+

cot gAcot gB 1
cot gC
cot gB cot gA
=
+
(nhan t va mau cho cotgA.cotgB)
cot gAcot gB 1 cot gCcot gB cot gAcot gC =
cot gAcot gB cot gBcot gC cot gAcot gC 1 + + =
g/ Ta co :
A B C
tg cot g
2 2
+
=

A B
tg tg
C
2 2
cot g
A B
2
1 tg tg
2 2
+
=

A B
cot g cot g
C
2 2
cot g
A B
2
cot g . cot g 1
2 2
+
=
(nhan t va mau cho cotg

A
2
.cotg
B
2
)

A B A B C
cot g cot g cot g cot g cot g cot g
2 2 2 2 2
+ =
C
2

A B C A B
2 2 2 2 2
+ + =
C
2

cos2A + cos2B + cos 2C + 4cosAcosBcosC + 1 = 0

Ta co : (cos2A + cos2B) + (cos2C + 1)
= 2 cos (A + B)cos(A - B) + 2cos
2
C
= - 2cosCcos(A - B) + 2cos
2
C
= - 2cosC[cos(A B) + cos(A + B)] = - 4cosAcosBcosC
Do o : cos2A + cos2B + cos2C + 1 + 4cosAcosBcosC = 0

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cos3A + cos3B + cos3C = 1 -
3A 3B 3C
4sin sin sin
2 2 2

Ta co : (cos3A + cos3B) + cos3C
2
3 3
2cos (A B) cos (A B) 1 2sin
2 2
= + +
3C
2

Ma : A B C + = nen ( )
3 3
A B
2 2
+ =
3C
2

=> ( )
3 3
cos A B cos
2 2

+ =

3C
2

3C
cos
2 2

=

3C
sin
2
=
Do o : cos3A + cos3B + cos3C
( )
2
3 A B
3C 3C
2sin cos 2sin 1
2 2 2
= +
( ) 3 A B
3C 3C
2sin cos sin 1
2 2 2

= + +

( )
( )
3 A B
3C 3
2sin cos cos A B 1
2 2 2

= + +

= +
3C 3A 3B
4sin sin sin( ) 1
2 2 2

3C 3A 3B
4sin sin sin 1
2 2 2
= +

Bai 22 : A, B, C la ba goc cua mot tam giac. Chng minh :
sinA sinB sinC A B C
tg tg cot g
cos A cosB cosC 1 2 2 2
+
=
+ +

Ta co :
2
A B A B C C
2sin cos 2sin cos
sinA sinB sinC
2 2 2
A B A B C
cos A cosB cosC 1
2cos cos 2sin
2 2 2
2
+

+
=
+
+ +
+

C A B C
A B A
2cos cos sin
cos cos
C 2 2 2
2 2
cot g .
B
A B A C A B C 2
cos cos 2sin cos sin
2 2 2 2 2

B
+

= =
+
+ +

A B
2sin .sin
C 2 2
cot g .
A B
2
2cos . cos
2 2

=
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C A B
cot g .tg .tg
2 2 2
=

A B C B C A C A B
sin cos cos sin cos cos sin cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
+ +
( )
A B C A B B C A C
sin sin sin tg tg tg tg tg tg *
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= + + +

Ta co :
A B C
2 2 2
+
= vay
A B C
tg cot g
2 2 2

+ =

A B
tg tg
1
2 2
A B C
1 tg tg tg
2 2 2
+
=

A B C A
tg tg tg 1 tg tg
2 2 2 2

+ =

B
2

( )
A C B C A B
tg tg tg tg tg tg 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + =
Do o : (*)
A B C B C A C A
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
+ +
B

A B C
sin sin sin 1
2 2 2
= + (do (1))

A B C B C A B C C B
sin cos cos sin sin cos sin cos sin cos 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

+ +

=

A B C A B C
sin cos cos sin 1
2 2 2 2
+ +
+ =

A B C
sin 1
2
+ +
=
sin 1
2
= ( hien nhien ung)

Bai 24 : Chng minh : ( )
A B C 3 cos A cosB cosC
tg tg tg *
2 2 2 sinA sinB sinC
+ + +
+ + =
+ +

Ta co :
2
A B A B C
cos A cosB cosC 3 2cos cos 1 2sin 3
2 2 2
+
+ + + = + +

2
C A B
2sin cos 4 2sin
2 2
C
2
= +
C A B C
2sin cos sin 4
2 2 2

= +

C A B A B
2sin cos cos 4
2 2 2
+
= +

C A B
4sin sin .sin 4
2 2 2
= + (1)
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A B A B
sinA sinB sinC 2sin cos sinC
2 2
+
+ + = +
C A B C
2cos cos 2sin cos
2 2 2
C
2
= +
C A B A B
2cos cos cos
2 2 2
+
= +

C A
4cos cos cos
2 2
=
B
2
(2)
T (1) va (2) ta co :
(*)
A B C A B C
sin sin sin sin sin sin 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
cos cos cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
+
+ + =

A B C B A C C A B
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

+ +

A B C
sin sin sin 1
2 2 2
= +

A B C B C A B C C B
sin cos cos sin sin cos sin cos sin cos 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

+ +

=

A B C A B C
sin . cos cos sin 1
2 2 2 2
+ +
+ =
A B C
sin 1
2
+ +
=

sin 1
2
= ( hien nhien ung)

Bai 25 : Cho ABC . Chng minh:
A B C
sin sin sin
2 2 2
2
B C C A A B
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + =
Cach 1 :
A B A A B B
sin sin sin cos sin cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
B C C A A B C
cos cos cos cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
+
+ = Ta co :

A B A
sin cos
1 sin A sinB
2 2
B
A B C A B C
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
+
+
= =

= =
A B
C A B
cos
cos . cos
2
2 2
A B C A
cos . cos . cos cos cos
2 2 2 2
B
2

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Do o : Ve trai
A B
C A B A
cos
sin cos cos
2
2 2
A B A B A B
2 2 2 2 2 2

B
2
+
+

= + =
A B
2cos cos
2 2
2
A B
cos cos
2 2
= =

Cach 2 :
Ta co ve trai
B C A C A B
cos cos cos
2 2
B C C A A B
2 2 2 2 2
+ + +
= + +
2
2

B C B C A C A C
cos cos sin sin cos cos sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
B C C A
cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2

= +
2

A B A
cos cos sin sin
2 2 2
A B
cos cos
2 2
+
B
2

B C A C A B
3 tg tg tg tg tg tg
2 2 2 2 2 2

= + +

Ma :
A B B C A B
tg tg tg tg tg tg 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + =
(a chng minh tai bai 10 )
Do o : Ve trai = 3 1 = 2

Bai 26 : Cho ABC . Co
A B
cot g , cot g , cot g
2 2
C
2
theo t t tao cap so cong.
Chng minh
A C
cot g . cot g 3
2 2
=
Ta co :
A B
cot g , cot g , cot g
2 2
C
2
la cap so cong

A C B
cot g cot g 2cot g
2 2
+ =
2

+
=
A C B
sin 2cos
2 2
A C B
sin sin sin
2 2 2

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B B
cos 2cos
2 2
A C B
sin sin sin
2 2 2
=
=
+
1 2
A C A
sin sin cos
2 2 2
C
(do 0<B< nen
B
cos 0
2
> )

A C A C
cos cos sin sin
2 2 2 2
2
A C
sin .sin
2 2
=
A C
cot g cot g 3
2 2
=

1 1 1 1 A B C A B C
tg tg tg cot g cot g cot g
sin A sinB sinC 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

+ + = + + + + +

Ta co :
A B C A B
2 2 2 2 2
+ + =
C
2

(Xem chng minh bai 19g )
Mat khac :
sin cos 2
tg cot g
cos sin sin2

+ = + =

Do o :
1 A B C A B C
tg tg tg cotg cotg cotg
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

+ + + + +

1 A B C 1 A B C
tg tg tg cotg cotg cotg
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

= + + + + +

1 A A 1 B B 1 C C
tg cot g tg cot g tg cot g
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

= + + + + +

1 1 1
sinA sinB sinC
= + +

BAI TAP
1. Chng minh :
a/
2 1
cos cos
5 5

=
2

b/
o o
o o
cos15 sin15
3
cos15 sin15
+
=

c/
2 4 6
cos cos cos
7 7 7

+ + =
1
2
3

d/ + =
3 3
sin 2xsin6x cos 2x.cos6x cos 4x
e/
o o o o
tg20 .tg40 .tg60 .tg80 3 =
f/

+ + + =
2 5 8 3
tg tg tg tg cos
6 9 18 3 3
9

g/
7
2 3 4 5 6 7
cos . cos . cos . cos . cos . cos . cos
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 2

=
1

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h/ tgx.tg x .tg x tg3x
3 3

+ =

k/
o o o o
tg20 tg40 3tg20 .tg40 3 + + =
e/
o o o
3
sin20 .sin40 .sin80
8
=
m/
o o o o
tg5 .tg55 .tg65 .tg75 1 =
2. Chng minh rang neu
( )
( ) ( )
sin x 2sin x y
x y 2k 1 k z
2
= +

+ +

th
sin
( )
cos
y
tg x y
y
+ =
2

3. Cho ABC co 3 goc eu nhon va A B C
a/ Chng minh : tgA + tgB + tgC = tgA.tgB.tgC
b/ at tgA.tgB = p; tgA.tgC = q
Chng minh (p-1)(q-1) 4
4. Chng minh cac bieu thc khong phu thuoc x :
a/
( ) ( )
4 2 4 2 2 2
A sin x 1 sin x cos x 1 cos x 5sin xcos x 1 = + + + + +
b/
( ) ( )
8 8 6 6
B 3 sin x cos x 4 cos x 2sin x 6sin x = + +
4

c/ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
2 2
C cos x a sin x b 2cos x a sin x b sin a b = + )
5. Cho ABC , chng minh :
a/
cosC cosB
cot gB cot gC
sinBcos A sinCcos A
+ = +
b/
3 3 3
A B C 3A 3B 3
sin A sin B sin C 3cos cos cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + = +
C

c/
A B C B A C
sinA sinB sinC cos . cos cos . cos
2 2 2 2

+ + = +
C A
cos .cos
2 2
B
+
d/ cotgAcotgB + cotgBcotgC + cotgCcotgA = 1
e/
2 2 2
cos A cos B cos C 1 2cos AcosBcosC + + =
f/ sin3Asin(B- C)+ sin3Bsin(C- A)+ sin3Csin(A- B) = 0
6. Tm gia tr nho nhat cua :
a/
1 1
y
sinx cos x
= + vi 0 x
2
< <
b/
= + +
9
y 4x sinx
x
vi 0 x < <
c/
2
y 2sin x 4sin x cos x 5 = + +
7. Tm gia tr ln nhat cua :
a/ y sin x cos x cos x sin x = +
b/ y = sinx + 3sin2x
c/
2
y cos x 2 cos x = +
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Chng 2 : PHNG TRNH L NG GIA C C BA N

= +
=

= +
u v k2
sinu sinv
u v k2

cosu cos v u v k2 = = +

+
= +
u k
tgu tgv
2
u v k'

( ) k, k' Z
u k
cot gu cot gv
u v k'

=

= +

a c bie t : sinu 0 u k = =

= = + cosu 0 u k
2

( sinu 1 u k2 k Z
2
= = + ) cosu 1 u k2 = =
( ) k Z
sinu 1 u k2
2
= = + cosu 1 u k2 = = +
Chu y : sin u 0 cosu 1
cosu 0 sinu 1

Ba i 28 : (e thi tuye n sinh a i ho c kho i D, na m 2002)
[ ] x 0,14 nghie m u ng phng trnh Tm
( ) cos3x 4cos 2x 3cos x 4 0 * + =
Ta co (*) :
( ) ( )
3 2
4cos x 3cos x 4 2cos x 1 3cos x 4 0 + =

3 2
4cos x 8cos x 0 =
( )
2
4cos x cos x 2 0 =

( ) = = cos x 0hay cos x 2 loa i v cos x 1
( ) x k k
2
= + Z
Ta co : [ ]
x 0,14 0 k 1
2
4
+
k 14
2 2

1 14 1
0, 5 k 3, 9
2 2
=

Ma ne n k Z
{ } k 0,1, 2, 3 . Do o :
3 5 7
x , , ,
2 2 2 2

Gia i phng trnh :
( ) ( ) ( ) 2cos x 1 2sin x cos x sin2x sin x * + =

Ta co (*)
( ) ( ) ( ) + = 2cos x 1 2sin x cos x sin x 2cos x 1
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( ) ( ) 2cos x 1 2sin x cos x sin x 0 +

=
)

( ) ( 2cos x 1 sin x cos x 0 + =

1
cos x sinx cos x
2
= =
cos x cos tgx 1 tg
3 4

= = =

( )

= + = + x k2 x k , k
3 4
Z

Ba i 30 : Gia i phng trnh + + + = cos x cos2x cos3x cos4x 0(*)
Ta co (*) ( ) ( ) cos x cos 4x cos 2x cos 3x 0 + + + =

5x 3x 5x x
2cos . cos 2cos . cos 0
2 2 2 2
+ =

5x 3x x
2cos cos cos 0
2 2 2

+ =

5x x
4cos cos xcos 0
2 2
=

5x x
cos 0 cos x 0 cos 0
2 2
= = =

= + = + = +
5x x
k x k k
2 2 2 2 2

( )

= + = + = +
2k
x x k x 2 ,
5 5 2
k Z

Ba i 31: Gia i phng trnh
( )
2 2 2 2
sin x sin 3x cos 2x cos 4x * + = +
Ta co (*) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
1 cos2x 1 cos6x 1 cos4x 1 cos8x
2 2 2 2
+ = + + +

( ) cos 2x cos 6x cos 4x cos 8x + = +
2cos4xcos2x 2cos6xcos2x =

( ) 2cos 2x cos 6x cos 4x 0 + =
4cos2xcos5xcos x 0 =
cos2x 0 cos5x 0 cos x 0 = = =

= + + = + ] 2x k 5x k x k , k
2 2 2

= + = + = +
k k
x x x k
4 2 10 5 2
] , k
Ba i 32 : Cho phng trnh
( )

=

2 2
x 7
sinx. cos4x sin 2x 4sin *
4 2 2

Tm ca c nghie m cu a phng trnh tho a: < x 1 3
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Ta co : (*) ( )
1 7
sinx. cos4x 1 cos4x 2 1 cos x
2 2

2
=

+ =
1 1 3
sinxcos4x cos4x 2sinx
2 2 2

1
sinxcos4x cos4x 1 2sinx 0
2
+ + + =

+ + + =

1 1
cos4x sin x 2 sin x 0
2 2

( )
1
cos4x 2 sin x 0
2

+ + =

( ) cos4x 2 loa i
1
sin x sin
2 6
=
= =

= +
= +
x k
6
7
x 2
6
2
h

Ta co : < x 1 3 3 x 1 3 < < 2 x 4 < <
Va y : 2 k2
6
< + < 4
2 2k 4
6 6

< < +
1 1 2 1
k
12 12
< < +

Do k ne n k = 0. Va y Z x
6
< + <
7
2 h2
6
4

< < < <

7 7 1 7 2
2 h2 4 h
6 6 12
7
12

h = 0

=
7
x
6
.To m la i

= =
7
x hay x
6 6

Ca ch kha c :
= = + ]
k
1
sin x x ( 1) k , k
2 6

Va y :

< + < < + <

k k
2 1
2 ( 1) k 4 ( 1) k
6 6
4

k=0 va k = 1. Tng ng v i

= =
7
x hay x
6 6

Ba i 33 : Gia i phng trnh
( )
3 3 3
sin x cos 3x cos xsin3x sin 4x * + =
Ta co : (*)
( ) ( )
3 3 3 3 3
sin x 4cos x 3cos x cos x 3sin x 4sin x sin 4x + =

3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4sin xcos x 3sin xcos x 3sinxcos x 4sin xcos x sin 4x + =

( )
2 2 3
3sin x cos x cos x sin x sin 4x =

3
3
sin2xcos2x sin 4x
2
=
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3
3
sin4x sin 4x
4
=

3
3sin4x 4sin 4x 0 =
sin12x = 0
12x k = ( )
k
x k
12
Z
=
Ba i 34 : (e thi tuye n sinh a i ho c kho i B, na m 2002)
Gia i phng trnh :
( )
2 2 2 2
sin 3x cos 4x sin 5x cos 6a * =
Ta co : (*)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
+ = +
cos6x cos8x cos10x cos12x + = +
2cos7xcos x 2cos11xcos x =

( ) 2cos x cos7x cos11x 0 =
cos x 0 cos7x cos11x = =

= + = + x k 7x 11x k
2
2

= + = = ]
k k
x k x x , k
2 2 9

( ) ( ) sin x sin3x sin2x cos x cos 3x cos2x + + = + +
2sin2xcos x sin2x 2cos2xcos x cos2x + = +

( ) ( ) + = + sin 2x 2cos x 1 cos 2x 2cos x 1

( ) ( ) 2cos x 1 sin2x cos 2x 0 + =

1 2
cos x cos sin2x cos2x
2 3
= = =

2
x k2 tg2x 1
3 4
tg

= + = =
( )

= + = +
2
x k2 x k , k
3 8 2
Z

( ) + + = +
2 3
cos10x 2cos 4x 6cos 3x. cos x cos x 8cos x. cos 3x *
Ta co : (*) ( ) ( )
3
cos10x 1 cos8x cos x 2cos x 4cos 3x 3cos3x + + = +

( ) cos10x cos8x 1 cos x 2cos x. cos 9x + + = +
2cos9xcos x 1 cos x 2cos x.cos9x + = +
cos x 1 =

( ) x k2 k Z =

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( )
3 3 2
4sin x 3cos x 3sin x sin x cos x 0 * + =
Ta co : (*)
( ) ( )
2 2
sin x 4sin x 3 cos x sin x 3cos x 0
2
=

( ) ( )

=

2 2
sin x 4 sin x 3 cos x sin x 3 1 sin x 0
2
=
=

( ) ( )
2
4sin x 3 sin x cos x 0
( ) ( ) 2 1 cos2x 3 sin x cos x 0

1 2
cos2x cos
2 3
sinx cos x

= =

2
2x k2
3
tgx 1

= +

x k
3
x k
4

= +
= +

( ) k Z

Ba i 38 : (e thi tuye n sinh a i ho c kho i B na m 2005)
Gia i phng trnh :
( ) sin x cos x 1 sin2x cos 2x 0 * + + + + =
Ta co : (*)
2
sinx cos x 2sinxcos x 2cos x 0 + + + =

( ) sin x cos x 2cos x sin x cos x 0 + + + =

( ) ( sin x cos x 1 2cos x 0 + + ) =

sinx cos x
1 2
cos2x cos
2 3
=
= =

tgx 1
2
x k
3
=
= +
2

x k
4
2
x k2
3

= +
= +
k Z
( )

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2sin x 1 3cos 4x 2sin x 4 4cos x 3 * + + + =
Ta co : (*) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2sin x 1 3cos4x 2sin x 4 4 1 sin x 3 0 + + + =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2sin x 1 3cos 4x 2sin x 4 1 2sin x 1 2sin x 0 + + + + =
( ) ( ) 2sin x 1 3cos4x 2sin x 4 1 2sin x 0 + + +

=
=

( ) ( ) 3 cos 4x 1 2sin x 1 0 +

1
cos4x 1 sin x sin
2 6

= = =

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= = + = +
7
4x k2 x k2 x k2
6 6

( )

= = + = +
k 7
x x k2 x k2 , k
2 6 6
Z

( ) ( ) + = +
6 6 8 8
sin x cos x 2 sin x cos x *
Ta co : (*)
6 8 6 8
sin x 2sin x cos x 2cos x 0 + =

( ) ( )
6 2 6 2
sin x 1 2sin x cos x 2cos x 1 0 =
=
6 6
sin x cos 2x cos x. cos 2x 0

( )
6 6
cos2x sin x cos x 0 =

6 6
cos2x 0 sin x cos x = =

6
cos2x 0 tg x 1 = =
( ) 2x 2k 1 tgx 1
2
= + =
( ) x 2k 1 x k
4 4

= + = +

k
x
4 2

= + ,k ]

( )
1
cos x. cos2x. cos4x. cos8x *
16
=
Ta tha y x k = kho ng la nghie m cu a (*) v lu c o
cos x 1, cos2x cos4x cos8x 1 = = = =
(*) tha nh :
1
1
16
= vo nghie m
Nha n 2 ve cu a (*) cho 16sinx 0 ta c
(*) va si
( ) 16sin x cos x cos 2x. cos 4x. cos 8x sin x = nx 0
va si
( ) 8sin2x cos 2x cos 4x. cos 8x sin x = nx 0
va si
( ) 4sin4x cos 4x cos 8x sin x = nx 0
va 2sin8xcos8x sinx = sinx 0
sin16x sinx = va sinx 0
( )

= = +
k2 k
x x , k
15 17 17
Z
Do : kho ng la nghie m ne n = x h k 15m va
( ) + 2k 1 17n n, m Z

Ba i 42: Gia i phng trnh ( )
3
8cos x cos 3x *
3
+ =

a t t x x t
3 3

= + =
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Th
( ) ( ) cos 3x cos 3t cos 3t cos 3t = = =
Va y (*) tha nh =
3
8cos t cos 3t

3 3
8cos t 4cos t 3cos t = +
3
12cos t 3cos t 0 =

( )
2
3cos t 4 cos t 1 0 =
( ) 3cos t 2 1 cos 2t 1 0 +

=

( ) cos t 2cos 2t 1 0 + =
1 2
cos t 0 cos 2t cos
2 3
= = =
( )

= + = +
2
t 2k 1 2t k2
2 3

= + = + t k t
2 3
k
Ma x t
3
=
Va y (*) ( )

= + = = +
2
x k2 x k x k , v ik
6 3
Z
Ghi chu :
Khi gia i ca c phng trnh l ng gia c co ch a tgu, cotgu, co a n ma u, hay
ch a ca n ba c cha n... ta pha i a t ie u kie n e phng trnh xa c nh. Ta se
du ng ca c ca ch sau a y e kie m tra ie u kie n xem co nha n nghie m hay
kho ng.
+ Thay ca c gia tr x tm c va o ie u kie n th la i xem co tho a
Hoa c + Bie u die n ca c ngo n cung ie u kie n va ca c ngo n cung tm c tre n cu ng
mo t ng tro n l ng gia c. Ta se loa i bo ngo n cung cu a nghie m khi co
tru ng v i ngo n cung cu a ie u kie n.
Hoa c + So vi ca c ie u kie n trong qua trnh gia i phng trnh.

( )
2
tg x tgx.tg3x 2 * =
ie u kie n
3
cos x 0
cos 3x 4 cos x 3cos x 0

+
h
cos3x 0 x
6 3

Lu c o ta co (*)
( ) tgx tgx tg3x 2 =
sin x sin x sin 3x

2
cos x cos x cos 3x

=

( )
2
sin x sin x cos 3x cos x sin 3x 2cos x cos 3x =
( )
2
sin x sin 2x 2cos x. cos 3x =

2 2
2sin x cos x 2cos x cos 3x =
(do cos
2
sin x cos x cos 3x = x 0 )
( ) ( )
1 1
1 cos 2x cos 4x cos 2x
2 2
= +
cos 4x 1 4x k2 = = +
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( )
k
x k
4 2

= + Z
so v i ie u kie n
Ca ch 1 : Khi
k
x th
4 2

= + ( )
3 3k 2
cos 3x cos 0 nha n
4 2 2

= + =

Ca ch 2 : Bie u die n ca c ngo n cung ie u kie n va ngo n cung nghie m ta tha y
kho ng co ngo n cung na o tru ng nhau. Do o :
(*)
k
x
4 2

= +
Lu y ca ch 2 ra t ma t th i gian
Ca ch 3 :
Ne u

= + = +
3 3k
h
4 2 2
h 6k
3x
Th + = + 3 6k 2 4h
1 4 =
=
1
2h 3k
2
(vo ly v k, ) h Z

( )
2 2 2
11
tg x cot g x cot g 2x *
3
+ + =
ie u kie n
cos x 0
sin x 0 sin 2x 0
sin 2x 0

Do o :
(*)
2 2 2
1 1 1
1 1 1
cos x sin x sin 2x 3

+ + =

11

2 2 2 2
1 1 1
cos x sin x 4sin x cos x 3
+ + =
20

2 2
2 2
4sin x 4 cos x 1 20
4sin x cos x 3
+ +
=
2
5 2
sin 2x 3
=
0

2
3
sin 2x
4
= (nha n do sin2x 0 )
( )
1 3
1 cos 4x
2 4
=
1 2
cos 4x cos
2 3
= =
2
4x k2
3
= +
( )
k
x k
6 2

= + Z
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Chu y : Co the de da ng ch ng minh :
2
tgx cot gx
sin2x
+ =
Va y (*)( )
2
2
1 1
tgx cot gx 2 1
sin x 3

+ + =

1

2
5 2
sin 2x 3
=
0

Gia i phng trnh
( )
2 2 2
x x
sin tg x cos 0 *
2 4 2

=

ie u kie n : cos x 0 sin x 1
lu c o :
(*) [ ]
2
2
1 sin x 1
1 cos x 1 cos x 0
2 2 cos x 2

+

=

( ) ( )
( )
2
2
1 sinx 1 cos x
1 cos x 0
1 sin x

+ =

( )
2
1 cos x
1 cos x 0
1 sinx
+ =
+

( )
1 cos x
1 cos x 1 0
1 sin x

+

+

=
=

( ) ( ) 1 cos x cos x sin x 0 +

( ) cos x 1 nha ndocos x 0
tgx 1
=

= +
= +
x k2
x k
4

( ) ( )
2
sin2x cot gx tg2x 4cos x * + =
ie u kie n :
sin x 0
cos2x 0

2
sin x 0
2cos x 1 0

cos x 1
2
cos x
2

Ta co :
cos x sin2x
cot gx tg2x
sinx cos2x
+ = +
cos2xcos x sin2xsinx
sinxcos2x
+
=
cos x
sinxcos2x
=
Lu c o : (*)

=

2
cos x
2sin x cos x 4 cos x
sin x cos 2x

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2
2
2cos x
4cos x
cos2x
=
( ) Dosin x 0

cos x 0
1
2
cos2x
=

( )

=

= =
2
cos x 0 Nha ndo cos x va 1
2
1
cos 2x cos , nha ndo sin x 0
2 3

= +
= +
x k
2
x k
6

( )
k Z

Ba i 47 : Gia i phng trnh:
( )
2 2
cot g x tg x
16 1 cos4x
cos2x
= +
Ta co :
2 2
2 2
2 2
cos x sin x
cot g x tg x
sin x cos x
=

4 4
2 2 2
cos x sin x 4cos2x
sin xcos x sin 2x
= =
ie u kie n : si
sin2x 0
cos2x 0

n4x 0
Lu c o (*) ( )
2
4
16 1 cos4x
sin 2x
= +

( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
= +
= +
= =
=
=

= = + ]
2
2 2
2
1 4 1 cos 4x sin 2x
1 2 1 cos 4x 1 cos 4x
1 2 1 cos 4x 2sin 4x
1
sin 4x nha n do sin4x 0
2
1 1
1 cos 8x
2 2
k
cos 8x 0 x , k
16 8

Ba i 48: Gia i phng trnh: ( )
4 4
7
sin x cos x cot g x cot g x *
8 3 6

+ = +

ie u kie n
sin x 0 sin x 0
3 3 2
sin 2x 0
3
sin x 0 cos x 0
6 3

+ +

+

+

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1 3
sin2x cos2x 0
2 2
tg2x 3
+

Ta co :
( )
2
4 4 2 2 2 2 2
1
sin x cos x sin x cos x 2sin x. cos x 1 sin 2x
2
+ = + =
Va : cot g x . cot g x cot g x .tg x 1
3 6 3 3

+ = + +

=
Lu c o : (*)
2
1 7
1 sin 2x
2 8
=
( )
1 1
1 cos4x
4 8
=

=

= + = +
1
cos 4x
2
k
4x k2 x
3 1
2 2

(nha n do
3
tg2x 3
3
= )

Ba i 49: Gia i phng trnh ( )
1
2tgx cot g2x 2sin2x *
sin2x
+ = +

ie u kie n:
cos2x 0
sin2x 0 cos2x 1
sin2x 0

Lu c o : (*)
2sinx cos2x 1
2sin2x
cos x sin2x sin2x
+ = +

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
+ = +
+ = +
=
+ =

=

= =
= +
= + ]
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2
4sin x cos 2x 2sin 2x 1
4 sin x 1 2sin x 8sin x cos x 1
2sin x 1 4 cos x 0
2sin x 1 2 1 cos 2x 0
sin x 0 loa i do sin 2x 0 sin x 0
1 2
cos 2x cos nha n do cos 2x 1
2 3
2
2x k2 k Z
3
x k , k
3

Ba i 51: Gia i phng trnh:
( )
( )
3 sinx tgx
2 1 cos x 0 *
tgx sinx
+
+ =
( )
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ie u kie n : tgx sinx 0
sinx
sinx 0
cos x

( ) sinx 1 cos x
0
cos x

sinx 0
cos x 0 sin2x 0
cos x 1

Lu c o (*)
( )
( )
( )
3 sin x tgx . cot gx
2 1 cos x 0
tgx sin x . cot gx
+
+ =

( )
( )
( )
3 cos x 1
2 1 cos x 0
1 cos x
+
+ =

( ) = +
3
2 0 do sin x 0 ne ncos x 1 0
1 cos x

1 2cos x 0 + =

1
cos x
2
= (nha n so v i ie u kie n)

= + ]
2
x k2 , k
3

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 cos x 1 cos x
1
tg xsin x 1 sin x tg x *
4 1 sin x 2
+ +
= + +

ie u kie n :
cos x 0
sinx 1

cos x 0
Lu c o (*)
( )
( )
( )
2
3 2
2 2
2 1 cos x
sin x 1 sin x
1 sinx
4 1 sin x 1 sin x 2 1 sin x
+
= + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 2
1 cos x 1 sin x 2sin x 1 sin x 1 sin x 2sin x + + = + +
2

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 sinx 1 cos x 1 sin x cos x 2sin x 1 sin x + + = + + +

2 2
1 sin x 0
1 cos x cos x 2sin x
+ =
+ = +
2
cos2x = 0
=
sin x 1( loa i do cos x 0)

1 1 cos 2x
2x k
2
= +
x k
4 2
= +

(nha n do cosx 0)

( ) cos 3x.tg5x sin7x * =
ie u kie n cos 5x 0
Lu c o : (*)
sin5x
cos3x. sin7x
cos5x
=
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sin5x.cos3x sin7x.cos5x =
[ ] [ ]
1 1
2 2
+ = +
sin8x sin12x =
12x 8x k2 12x 8x k2 = + = +

= = +
k k
x x
2 20
10

So la i v i ie u kie n
k 5k
x th cos5x cos cos
2 2

= = =
k
2
(loa i ne u k le )

= + = +

k k
x th cos 5x cos 0
20 10 4 2
nha n
Do o : (*)

= = +
k
x h x
20 10
, v i k, h ]
( )
4 4
sin x cos x 1
tgx cot g2x *
sin2x 2
+
= + ( )
ie u kie n : si n2x 0
Ta co :
( )
2
4 4 2 2 2
sin x cos x sin x cos x 2sin x cos x + = +
2

2
1
1 sin 2
2
= x
sinx cos2x
tgx cot g2x
cos x sin2x
+ = +
sin2xsinx cos xcos2x
cos xsin2x
+
=
( ) cos 2x x
1
cos xsin2x sin2x
= =
( )
=
=
=
=
= +

= +
]
]
2
2
2
2
1
1 sin 2x
1
2
Do o : (*)
sin2x 2sin2x
1 1
1 sin 2x
2 2
sin 2x 1 nha ndo sin2x 0
cos 2x 0
2x k , k
2
k
x , k
4 2

( )
2 2 2 2
tg x. cot g 2x. cot g3x tg x cot g 2x cot g3x * = +
ie u kie n : cos x 0 sin2x 0 sin3x 0
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sin2x 0 sin3x 0
( )
=
+ +
=

+ +

2 2 2 2
Lu c o (*) cotg3x tg x cot g 2x 1 tg x cot g 2x
1 cos 2x 1 cos 4x 1 cos 2x 1 cos 4x
cot g3x 1
1 cos 2x 1 cos 4x 1 cos 2x 1 cos 4x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
[ ] ( )
[ ]
( )
+ +

= + +
= +
=
=
= =
= + =
cot g3x 1 cos2x 1 cos4x 1 cos2x 1 cos4x
cot g3x 2cos4x 2cos2x 2 cos4x cos2x
cos3x
4sin3xsinx 4cos3xcos x
sin3x
cos3xsin x cos3xcos x do sin3x 0
cos3x 0 sinx cos x
3x k tgx 1
2
( )

= + = +
k
x x l k, l Z
6 3 4

So v i ie u kie n: sin2x.sin3x 0
* Khi

= +
k
x
6 3
th

+ +

2k
sin .sin k 0
3 3 2

+

1 2k
sin 0
3

Luo n u ng
( ) + k tho a 2k 1 3m m Z
* Khi
= + x l
4
th

+ + =

3 2
sin 2l sin 3l 0
2 4 2

luo n u ng
Do o : (*)

= +
= +
]
]
k
x , k Z 2k 3m 1( m
6 3
x l , l
4
)

Ca ch kha c:
( )
=

= =

+
=
+
= = =
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
(*) cotg3x tg x cot g 2x 1 tg x cot g 2x
tg 2x.tg x 1 tg x cot g 2x
cot g3x
tg x cot g 2x 1 tg x tg 2x
(1 tg2x.tgx ) (1 tg2x.tgx )
cot g3x
(tg2x tgx) ( tg2x tgx)
cot g3x cot gx. cotg3x cos 3x 0 sin x cos x

BA I TA P
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1. Tm ca c nghie m tre n

, 3
3

cu a phng trnh:

+ = +

5 7
sin 2x 3cos x 1 2sin x
2 2

2. Tm ca c nghie m x tre n

0,
2
cu a phng trnh
( ) = +
2 2
sin 4x cos 6x sin 10, 5 10x
3. Gia i ca c phng trnh sau:
a/
( )
3 3 5 5
sin x cos x 2 sin x cos x + = +
b/
sinx sin2x sin3x
3
cos x cos2x cos3x
+ +
=
+ +

c/
2
1 cos x
tg x
1 sinx
+
=

d/ tg 2x tg3x tg5x tg2x.tg3x.tg5x =
e/
2
4
cos x cos x
3
=
f/
1 1
2 2 sin x
4 sin x cos

+ = +

x

i/
2
2tgx cot g2x 3
sin2x
+ = +
h/
2
3tg3x cot g2x 2tgx
sin4x
+ = +
k/
2 2 2
sin x sin 2x sin 3x 2 + + =
l/
sin2x
2cos x 0
1 sinx
+ =
+

m/ ( )
2
25 4x 3sin2 x 8sin x 0 + =
n/
sinx. cot g5x
1
cos9x
=
o/
2
3tg6x 2tg2x cot g4x
sin8x
=
p/
( )
2
2sin3x 1 4sin x 1 =
q/
2
1 cos x
tg x
1 sinx
+
=

r/
3 3
2
cos x cos3x sin xsin3x
4
+ =
s/
4 4
x x
sin cos
3 3
5
8
+ =

t/
3 3 2
cos x 4sin x 3cos xsin x sin x 0 + =
u/
4 4
x x
sin cos 1 2sinx
2 2
+ =
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v/ sin 3x sin2x.sin x
4 4

= +

w/
( )
2
4
4
2 sin x sin3x
tg x 1
cos x
+ =
y/
2
x
tgx cos x cos x sin x 1 tg tgx
2

+ = +

4. Cho phng trnh: ( ) ( ) (
2
2sinx 1 2cos2x 2sinx m 3 4cos x 1 + + = )
a/ Gia i phng trnh khi m = 1
b/ Tm m e (1) co u ng 2 nghie m tre n
[ ]
0,
( S: m 0 m 1 m 3 = < > )
5. Cho phng trnh:
( )
5 5 2
4cos xsinx 4sin x. cos x sin 4x m 1 = +
Bie t ra ng x = la mo t nghie m cu a (1). Ha y gia i phng trnh trong tr ng
h p o .

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CHNG III.
PHNG TRNH BA C HAI V I CA C HA M SO L NG GIA C
( )
( )
( )
( )
+ + =
+ + =
+ = =
+ + =
2
2
2
2
a sin u bsin u c 0 a 0
a cos u bcos u c 0 a 0
atg u btgu c 0 a 0
a cot g u bcot gu c 0 a 0

Ca ch gia i:
a t : hay v i t sinu = t cosu = t 1
(ie u kie n t tgu = u k
2
+ )
(ie u kie n t cot gu = u k )
Ca c phng trnh tre n tha nh:
2
at bt c 0 + + =
Gia i phng trnh tm c t, so v i ie u kie n e nha n nghie m t.
T o gia i phng trnh l ng gia c c ba n tm c u.

Ba i 56: (e thi tuye n sinh a i ho c kho i A, na m 2002)
Tm ca c nghie m tre n cu a phng trnh
(0, 2)
( )
cos3x sin3x
5 sin x 3 cos2x *
1 2sin2x
+
+ = +

+

ie u kie n:
1
sin2x
2

Ta co :
( ) ( )
3 3
sin3x cos3x 3sin x 4sin x 4cos x 3cos x + = +
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
3 3
2 2
3 cos x sin x 4 cos x sin x
cos x sin x 3 4 cos x cos xsin x sin x
cos x sin x 1 2sin2x
= +

= + + +

= +

Lu c o : (*) ( )
( )
2
5 sin x cos x sin x 3 2cos x 1 + = +

1
do sin2x
2

2
2cos x 5cos x 2 0 + =
( )
1
cos x
2
cos x 2 loai

x
3
= + k2 (nha n do
3 1
sin2x
2 2
= )
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Do
( ) x 0, 2 ne n
5
x x
3 3

= =

Gia i phng trnh: ( )
2 2
cos 3x. cos2x cos x 0 * =

Ta co : (*)
1 cos6x 1 cos2x
. cos2x 0
2 2
+ +
=
cos6x.cos2x 1 0 = (**)
Ca ch 1: (**)
( )
3
4cos 2x 3cos2x cos2x 1 0 =
=
4 2
4cos 2x 3cos 2x 1 0
( )
2
2
cos 2x 1
1
cos 2x vo nghiem
4

( )
sin2x 0
k
2x k x k Z
2
=
= =

Ca ch 2: (**) ( )
1
cos8x cos4x 1 0
2
+ =
( )
2
cos8x cos4x 2 0
2cos 4x cos4x 3 0
cos4x 1
3
cos4x loai
2
+ =
+
=
=
( )
k
4x k2 x k Z
2
= =
Ca ch 3: phng trnh l ng gia c kho ng ma u m c:
(**)
cos6x cos2x 1
cos6x cos2x 1
= =

= =
Ca ch 4: + = + cos 8x cos 4x 2 0 cos 8x cos 4x 2 =

= = cos 8x cos 4x 1 = cos 4x 1

Ba i 58: (e thi tuye n sinh a i ho c kho i D, na m 2005)
Gia i phng trnh:
4 4
3
cos x sin x cos x sin 3x 0
4 4

+ +

2
=

Ta co :
(*)
( )
2
2 2 2 2
1 3
sin x cos x 2sin xcos x sin 4x sin2x 0
2 2

+ + +

2
=
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[ ]
2
1 1 3
1 sin 2x cos4x sin2x 0
2 2 2
+ + =
( )
2 2
1 1 1 1
sin 2x 1 2sin 2x sin2x 0
2 2 2 2
+ =
2
sin 2x sin2x 2 0 + =
( )
sin2x 1
sin2x 2 loai
=
= +
= +
]
]
2x k2 , k
2
x k , k
4

Ba i 59: (e thi tuye n sinh a i ho c kho i B, na m 2004)
Gia i phng trnh: ( ) ( =
2
5sin x 2 3 1 sinx tg x *)

ie u kie n: cos x 0 sinx 1
Khi o : (*) ( )
2
2
sin x
5sinx 2 3 1 sinx
cos x
=
( )
2
2
sin x
5sinx 2 3 1 sinx
1 sin x
=

2
3sin x
5sin x 2
1 sin x
=
+

2
2sin x 3sinx 2 0 + =
( )
( )
1
sinx nha ndosinx 1
2
sinx 2 vo nghiem

( )
5
x k2 x k2 k
6 6

= + = + Z

1 1
2sin3x 2cos3x *
sinx cos x
= +

ie u kie n: si n2x 0
Lu c o : (*) ( )
1 1
2 sin3x cos3x
sinx cos x
= +
( )
( )
3 3
1 1
2 3 sinx cos x 4 sin x cos x
sinx cos x

+ + = +

( )
( )
2 2
sinx cos x
2 sinx cos x 3 4 sin x sinxcos x cos x
sinxcos x
+

+ + =

( )
1
sin x cos x 2 8sin xcos x 0
sin xcos x

+ +

=
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( )
2
sin x cos x 4sin2x 2 0
sin2x

+

=
( )
2
tgx 1
sinx cos x 0
nhan so vi ieu kien
1
sin2x 1 sin2x 4sin 2x 2sin2x 2 0
2
=
+ =

= = =

= + = + = + = + ]
7
x k 2x k2 2x k2 2x k2 , k
4 2 6 6

= + = + = + ]
7
x k x k x k , k
4 12 12

( )
( )
+
=
+
2
cos x 2sin x 3 2 2cos x 1
1 *
1 sin 2x

ie u kie n: sin2x 1 x m
4
+
Lu c o :
(*)
2
2sinxcos x 3 2 cos x 2cos x 1 1 sin2x + = +
2
2cos x 3 2 cos x 2 0 + =
( ) = =
2
cos x hay cos x 2 vo nghie m
2

( )
x k2
4
x k' 2 loai do ieu ki
4

= +
= +
en

x k
4
= + 2

( )
x 3x x 3x 1
cos x. cos . cos sinxsin sin *
2 2 2 2 2
=

Ta co : (*) ( ) ( )
1 1
cos x cos2x cos x sinx cos2x cos x
2 2
1
2
+ + =
2
cos x. cos2x cos x sin xcos2x sinxcos x 1 + + =
( )
2
cos2x cos x sin x 1 cos x sinxcos x + = +
( ) ( ) cos 2x cos x sin x sin x sin x cos x + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) cos x sin x cos2x sin x 0 * * + =
( )
( )
2
cos x sin x 1 2sin x sin x 0 + =
2
cos x sin x
2sin x sin x 1 0
=

+ =

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tgx 1
sinx 1
1
sinx
2
( )
x k
4
x k2 k
2
5
x k2 x k2
6 6

= +
= +
= + = +
Z
Ca ch kha c: (**) tgx 1 cos2x sin x cos x
2

= = =

3
4cos x 3 2 sin2x 8cos x * + =

Ta co : (*)
3
4cos x 6 2 sin xcos x 8cos x 0 + =
( )
2
cos x 2cos x 3 2 sin x 4 0 + =
( )
2
cos x 2 1 sin x 3 2 sin x 4 0

+

=
2
cos x 0 2sin x 3 2 sin x 2 0 = + =
( )
cos x 0
2
sin x
2
sin x 2 vo nghiem
=

2
x k sinx sin
2 2

= + = =
4

( )
3
x k x k2 x k2 k
2 4 4

= + = + = + Z

( ) cos 2x cos 2x 4sinx 2 2 1 sin x *
4 4

+ + + = +

( )

(*) ( ) 2cos2x. cos 4sinx 2 2 1 sinx
4
+ = +

( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2 1 2sin x 4 2 sin x 2 2 0
2 2 sin x 4 2 sinx 2 0
+ + =
+ + =

( )
+ + =
2
2sin x 2 2 1 sin x 2 0
( )
sin x 2 loa i
1
sin x
2

= + = + ]
5
x k2 hay x k2 , k
6 6

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Ba i 65: Gia i phng trnh :
( )
( ) + = +
2 2
3cot g x 2 2 sin x 2 3 2 cos x *

ie u kie n: si nx 0 cos x 1
Chia hai ve (*) cho ta c:
2
sin x
(*)
( )
2
4 2
cos x cos x
3 2 2 2 3 2
sin x sin x
+ = + va sinx 0
a t
2
cos x
t
sin x
= ta c phng trnh:
( )
2
3t 2 3 2 t 2 2 0
2
t 2 t
3
+ + =
= =

* V i
2
t
3
= ta co :
2
cos x 2
3 sin x
=
( )
( )
( )
2
2
3cos x 2 1 cos x
2cos x 3cos x 2 0
cos x 2 loai
1
cos x nhan do cos x 1
2
=
+ =
=

( ) x k2 k
3
= + Z
* V i t = 2 ta co : =
2
cos x
2
sin x

( )
( )
( )
=
+ =
= + ]
2
2
cos x 2 1 cos x
2 cos x cos x 2 0
cos x 2 loa i
2
cos x nha n do cos x 1
2
x k2 , k
4

+
=
2 2
4 sin 2x 6sin x 9 3cos 2x
0 *
cos x

ie u kie n: cos x 0
Lu c o :
(*)
2 2
4sin 2x 6sin x 9 3cos2x 0 + =
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( )
( )
2
2
4 1 cos 2x 3 1 cos2x 9 3cos2x 0
4cos 2x 6cos2x 2 0
1
cos2x 1 cos2x
2
+ =
+ + =
= =

2 2
1
2cos x 1 1 2cos x 1
2
= =
( )
( )
( )
cos x 0 loai doieu kien
1
cos x nhan do cos x 0
2
2
x k2 x k2 k
3 3

= + = + Z

Ba i 67: Cho ( )
1 2
f x sinx sin3x sin5x
3 5
= + +
Gia i phng trnh:
( ) f ' x 0 =

Ta co :
( ) f ' x 0 =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 2
cos x cos3x 2cos5x 0
cos x cos5x cos3x cos5x 0
2cos3xcos2x 2cos4xcos x 0
4cos x 3cos x cos2x 2cos 2x 1 cos x 0
+ + =
+ + + =
+ =
+ =

( )
( )

+

+ + =

= =
2 2
2
2
4 cos x 3 cos 2x 2cos 2x 1 cos x 0
2 1 cos 2x 3 cos 2x 2cos 2x 1 0
cos x 0
4 cos 2x cos 2x 1 0
cos x 0
1 17
cos 2x cos x 0
8
=

( )
1 17 1 17
cos2x cos cos2x cos cos x 0
8 8
x k x k x k k Z
2 2 2
+
= = = =

= + = + = +
=

8 8 2
17
sin x cos x cos 2x *
16
+ =

Ta co :
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( )
( )
2
8 8 4 4 4 4
2
2
2 2 2 2 4
2
2 4
2 4
sin x cos x sin x cos x 2sin xcos x
1
sin x cos x 2sin xcos x sin 2x
8
1 1
1 sin 2x sin 2x
2 8
1
1 sin 2x sin 2x
8
+ = +

= +

=

= +

Do o :

( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )

+ =

+ =
= = +
2 4
4 2
2
2
1
* 16 1 sin 2x sin 2x 17 1 sin 2x
8
2sin 2x sin 2x 1 0
sin 2x 1 loa i
1 1
1 cos 4x
1
2 2
sin 2x
2
cos 4x 0 x 2k 1 , k Z
8
=
2

3
5x x
sin 5cos x.sin *
2 2
=

Nha n xe t tha y:
x
cos 0 x k2 cos x 1
2
= = + =
Thay va o (*) ta c:

+ = +

5
sin 5k 5. sin k
2 2

, kho ng tho a k
Do
x
cos
2
kho ng la nghie m cu a (*) ne n:
( ) =
2
5x x x x
* sin . cos 5cos x. sin cos
2 2 2 2
va
x
cos 0
2

( )
3
1 5
sin3x sin2x cos x.sinx
2 2
+ = va
x
cos 0
2

3 3
3sin x 4sin x 2sin xcos x 5cos x.sin x + = va
x
cos 0
2

2 3
x
cos 0
2
3 4sin x 2cos x 5cos x sinx 0
+ =
=

3 2
x
cos 0
2
x
5cos x 4cos x 2cos x 1 0 sin 0
2
+ =
=

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( )
( )
2
cos x 1
x
cos x 1 5cos x cos x 1 0 sin 0
2

+ = =
= =
= =
cos x 1
cos x 1
1 21
cos x cos
10
1 21
cos x cos
10

( ) = = + = + x k2 hay x k2 hay x k2 , k Z

Ba i 70: Gia i phng trnh: ( ) ( )
2
sin2x cot gx tg2x 4cos x * + =

ie u kie n: cos2x 0 va sinx 0 cos2x 0 cos2x 1
Ta co :
cos x sin2x
cot gx tg2x
sinx cos2x
+ = +

cos2xcos x sin2xsinx
sinxcos2x
cos x
sinxcos2x
+
=
=

Lu c o : (*)
2
cos x
2sin x. cos x 4cos x
sin xcos2x

=

( ) ( )
( )
( )
=
+ = +
+ = =
= =
2
2
cos x
2cos x
cos 2x
cos 2x 1 2cos 2x cos 2x 1
cos 2x 1 0 hay 1 2cos 2x
1
cos 2x 1 cos 2x nha n do cos 2x 0 va cos 2x 1
2

= + = +

= + = +
]
]
2x k2 2x k2 , k
3
x k x k , k
2 6

2
6x 8x
2cos 1 3cos *
5 5
+ =

Ta co : (*)

+ + =

2
12x 4x
1 cos 1 3 2cos 1
5 5

+ =

3 2
4x 4x 4x
2 4cos 3cos 3 2cos 1
5 5 5

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a t
( )
4
t cos x ie u kie n t 1
5
=
Ta co phng trnh :
( )( )
( )
3 2
3 2
2
4t 3t 2 6t 3
4t 6t 3t 5 0
t 1 4t 2t 5 0
1 21 1 21
t 1 t t lo ai
4 4
+ =
+ =
=
+
= = =

Va y
( )
= =
=
4x 4x
cos 1 2k
5 5
5k
x k
2
Z

( )
( )
4x 1 21
cos cos v i 0 2
5 4
4x
2
5
5 5
x , Z
4 2
= = < <
= +

= +
A
A
A

Ba i 72 : Gia i phng trnh ( )
3
tg x tgx 1 *
4

=

a t t x x t
4 4

= = +
(*) tha nh :
3
1 tgt
tg t tg t 1 1 v i cos t 0 tgt 1
4 1 tgt
+
= + =

=
3
2tgt
tg t
1 tgt

( )
( )( )
( )
3 4
3 2
2
tg t tg t 2tgt
tgt tg t tg t 2 0
tgt tgt 1 tg t 2tgt 2 0
tgt 0 tgt 1 nha n so ie u kie n
t k t k , k
4
=
+ =
+ + =
= =
= = + ]

Va y (*)
x k hay x k , k
4
= + = ]

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4 4
4
sin 2x cos 2x
cos 4x (*)
tg x tg x
4 4
+
=

+

ie u kie n
sin x cos x 0 sin 2x 0
4 4 2
sin x cos x 0 sin 2x 0
4 4 2

+ + +

cos2x 0 sin2x 1
Do :
1 tgx 1 tgx
tg x tg x . 1
4 4 1 tgx 1 tgx
+
+ =

+

=
Khi cos2x 0 th :
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 4 4
2 2 4
2 4
2 4
4 2
2
2
2
* sin 2x cos 2x cos 4x
1 2sin 2xcos 2x cos 4x
1
1 sin 4x cos 4x
2
1
1 1 cos 4x cos 4x
2
2cos 4x cos 4x 1 0
cos 4x 1
1 sin 4x 1
1
cos 4x vo nghie m
2
sin4x 0
2sin2xcos2x 0
sin2x 0 do cos2x 0
2x k , k x k
+ =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
= = ]
=
, k
2
]

Ba i 74 :Gia i phng trnh: ( )
4 2
1 2
48 1 cot g2xcot gx 0 *
cos x sin x
+ = ( )

ie u kie n : sin 2x 0
Ta co :
( )
2 2
cos2x cos x
1 cot g2xcot gx 1 .
sin2x sinx
sin2xsinx cos2xcos x
sinxsin2x
cos x 1
do cos x 0
2sin xcos x 2sin x
+ = +
+
=
= =

Lu c o (*)
4 4
1 1
48 0
cos x sin x
=
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4 4
4 4 4 4
1 1 sin x cos
48
cos x sin x sin xcos x
+
= + =
x

4 4 4 4
4 2 2
4 2
48sin xcos x sin x cos x
3sin 2x 1 2sin xcos x
1
3sin 2x sin 2x 1 0
2
= +
=
+ =

( )
( )
2
2
2
sin x lo ai
3
1
sin x nha n do 0
2

( )
( )
1 1
1 cos4x
2 2
cos4x 0
4x k
2
k
x k
8 4
=
=
= +

= + Z

( ) ( )
8 8 10 10
5
sin x cos x 2 sin x cos x cos2x *
4
+ = + +
Ta co : (*)
( ) ( )
8 10 8 10
5
sin x 2sin x cos x 2cos x cos2x
4
+ =
( ) ( )
( )
8 2 8 2
8 8
8 8
5
sin x 1 2sin x cos x 1 2cos x cos2x
4
5
sin x. cos2x cos xcos2x cos2x
4
4cos2x sin x cos x 5cos2x
+ =
=
=

( )
( )( )
8 8
4 4 4 4
2
2
cos2x 0 hay 4 sin x cos x 5
cos2x 0 hay 4 sin x cos x sin x cos x 5
1
cos2x 0 hay 4 1 sin 2x 5
2
cos2x 0 hay 2sin 2x 1(Vo nghie m)
= =
= +

= =

= =
=

2x k , k
2
= + ]
k
x , k
4 2

= + ]
Ca ch kha c: Ta co
( )
8 8
4 sin x cos x 5 = vo nghie m
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V
( )
8 8
sin x cos x 1, x ne n
( )
8 8
4 sin x cos x 4 5, x <
Ghi chu : Khi ga p phng trnh l ng gia c da ng R(tgx, cotgx, sin2x, cos2x, tg2x)
v i R ha m h u ty th a t t = tgx
Lu c o
2
2 2
2t 2t 1 t
tg2x , sin2x , cos2x
1 t 1 t 1 t
2
= = =
+ +

Ba i 76 : (e thi tuye n sinh a i ho c kho i A, na m 2003)
Gia i phng trnh
( ) = +
+
2
cos 2x 1
cot gx 1 sin x sin2x *
1 tgx 2

ie u kie n : sin 2x 0va tgx 1
a t t = tgx th (*) tha nh :

2
2
2
2 2
1 t
1 1 1 t 1
1 t
1 1 .
t 1 t 2 1 t 2 1

+
= +

+ +

2t
t +

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
1 t 1 t 1 2t t
. do t
t 1 t 2 1 t 1 t
1 t
1 t t 2t 1
t 1 t 1 t
1 t 1 t 1 t t
t 1 nha n do t 1 1 t 0
1 t 1 t t
2t t 1 0 vo nghie m

= +
+ + +
+
= =
+ +
+ =
= =

+ =
+ =

1

Va y (*) ( ) tgx 1 x k nha n do sin2x 1 0
4
= = + =

( ) + = sin 2x 2tgx 3 *
ie u kie n : cos x 0
a t t = tgx th (*) tha nh :
2
2t
2t 3
1 t
+ =
+

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
+ + =
+ =
+ =
=

+ =
= = +
2
3 2
2
2
2t 2t 3 1 t 0
2t 3t 4t 3 0
t 1 2t t 3 0
t 1
2t t 3 0 vo nghie m
Va y (*) tgx 1 x k k Z
4

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( )
2
cot gx tgx 4sin2x *
sin2x
+ =
a t
2
2t
t tgx th : sin2x do sin2x 0 ne n t 0
1 t
= =
+

(*) tha nh :
2
2
1 8t 1 t 1
t t
t 1 t t t
+
+ = = +
+

( )
( )
=
+
=
+
= =

=

= + ]
2
2
2
8t
2t
1 t
4
1 do t 0
1 t
t 3 t 3 nha ndo t 0
Va y (*) tgx tg
3
x k , k
3

( ) ( ) ( ) 1 tgx 1 sin2x 1 tgx * + = +
a t = tgx th (*) tha nh :
( )
2
2t
1 t 1 1 t
1 t

+ = +

+

( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
2
t 1
1 t 1 t
1 t
t 1
t 1
1 t 1 t
1 t 1 t 1
1 t
t 1 t 0
+
= +
+
=
=
= + =

+
= =

Do o (*)
=
= + =
]
tgx 1
x k hay x k , k
tgx 0 4

( ) ( ) cos 2x 2m 1 cos x m 1 0 * + + + =
a/ Gia i phng trnh khi
3
m
2
=
b/ Tm m e (*) co nghie m tre n
3
,
2 2

Ta co (*)
( )
2
2cos x 2m 1 cos x m 0 + + =
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[ ] ( )
( )

+ + =
2
t cos x t 1
2t 2m 1 t m 0

[ ] ( )
=

= =
t cos x t 1
1
t t m
2

a/ =
3
Khi m , phng trnh tha nh
2

b/
( )
( )
)
[ ]
( ) )
= =
= +

=

=

1 3
cos x cos x loa i
2 2
x k2 k Z
3
3
Khi x , th cos x t [ 1, 0
2 2
1
Do t 1, 0 ne n
2
3
* co nghie mtre n , m 1, 0
2 2

( ) ( ) ( )
2
cos x 1 cos 2x mcos x msin x * + =
a/ Gia i (*) khi m= -2
b/ Tm m sao cho (*) co u ng hai nghie m tre n
2
0,
3

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
Ta co (*) cos x 1 2cos x 1 mcos x m 1 cos x
cos x 1 2cos x 1 mcos x m 1 cos x 0
cos x 1 2cos x 1 m 0
+ =
+

+ =
=
a/ Khi m = -2 th (*) tha nh :
( ) ( )
( )
+ + =
= +

=

2
cos x 1 2cos x 1 0
cosx = -1
x k2 k Z
2 1
b / Khi x 0, th cos x t , 1
3 2

Nha n xe t ra ng v i mo i t tre n
1
,1
2

ta ch tm c duy nha t mo t x tre n
2
0,
3

Ye u ca u ba i toa n co u ng hai nghie m tre n
2
2t 1 m 0 =
1
,1
2

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Xe t
( ) ( )
2
y 2t 1 P va y m d = =
Ta co y = 4t

Va y (*) co u ng hai nghie m tre n
2
0,
3

(d) ca t (P) ta i hai ie m pha n bie t tre n
1
,1
2

1
1 m
2
<

Ba i 82 : Cho phng trnh ( ) ( )
2
2
1 a tg x 1 3a 0 1
cos x
+ + =
a/ Gia i (1) khi
1
a
2
=
b/ Tm a e (1) co nhie u hn mo t nghie m tre n 0,
2

ie u kie n : cos x 0 x k
2
+
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
2
1 1 a sin x 2cos x 1 3a cos x 0
1 a 1 cos x 2cos x 1 3a cos x 0
4a cos x 2cos x 1 a 0
a 4cos x 1 2cos x 1 0
2cos x 1 a 2cos x 1 1 0
+ + =
+ + =
+ =
=
+ =

a/ Khi
1
a
2
= th (1) tha nh : ( )
1
2cos x 1 cos x 0
2

=

( )
( )
1
cos x cos nha ndocos x 0
2 3
x k2 k Z
3
= =
= +

b/ Khi x 0,
2

th
( ) cos x t 0,1 =
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Ta co : (1)
( )
( )
1
cos x t 0,1
2
2a cos x 1 a 2
= =

Ye u ca u ba i toa n (2) co nghie m tre n
( )
a 0
1 1 a
0,1 \ 0 1
2 2a
1 a 1
2a 2

< <

( )
a 0
0 a 1
1 a
1
0
a 1
1 2a
3
a 0 a
1 3a
1 3
0
a
1 2a
2
a
2 1 a 2a 2

< <
>
< <

< >

<

Ca ch kha c : da t u =
cos x
1
, ie u kie n u ; pt tha nh 1
( ) ( ) + + = +
2 2
1 a ( u 1) 2u 1 3a 0 1 a u 2u 4a 0 =
= ( u 2) [ (1 a)u 2a ] 0

Ba i 83 : Cho phng trnh :
( ) cos4x 6sin x cos x m 1 + =
a/ Gia i (1) khi m = 1
b/ Tm m e (1) co hai nghie m pha n bie t tre n 0,
4

Ta co : (1) +
2
1 2sin 2x 3sin2x m =

( )
( )
2
t sin2x t 1
2t 3t m 1 0 2
=
+ =

a/ Khi m = 1 th (1) tha nh
( )
( )
( )
2
t sin2x t 1
t sin2x t 1
3
t 0 t loa i 2t 3t 0
2
k
sin2x 0 x
2
=
=

= = =

= =

b/ Khi [ ]

=

x 0, th sin2x t 0, 1
4

Nha n tha y ra ng mo i t tm c tre n
[ ] 0,1 ta ch tm c duy nha t mo t
x 0,
4

Ta co : (2)
2
2t 3t 1 m + + =
Xe t
[ ]
2
y 2t 3t 1tre n 0,1 = + +
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Th y' 4t 3 = +

Ye u ca u ba i toa n (d) y = m ca t ta i hai ie m pha n bie t tre n
[ ] 0,1
17
2 m
8
<
Ca ch kha c :a t . V a = 2 > 0, ne n ta co = +
2
f (x) 2t 3t m 1
Ye u ca u ba i toa n
( )
( )
m
f m
f m
S
= >
17 8 0
0 1 0
0 1 2
3
0 1
2 4
17
2 m
8
<

( )
5 5 2
4cos x.sin x 4sin x cos x sin 4x m 1 = +
a/ Bie t ra ng la nghie m cu a (1). Ha y gia i (1) trong tr ng h p o . x =
b/ Cho bie t x
8
= la mo t nghie m cu a (1). Ha y tm ta t ca nghie m cu a (1) tho a

4 2
x 3x 2 + < 0
( )
( ) ( )
( )
4 4 2
2 2 2 2 2
2
2
(1) 4sin xcos x cos x sin x sin 4x m
2sin2x cos x sin x cos x sin x sin 4x m
2sin2x. cos2x sin 4x m
sin 4x sin4x m 0 1
= +
+ =
= +
+ =
+

a/ la nghie m cu a (1) = 0 x =
2
sin 4 sin4 m +
m 0 =
Lu c o (1)
( ) sin4x 1 sin4x 0 =
( )
= =
= = +

= = +
sin 4x 0 sin4x 1
4x k 4x k2
2
k k
x x k
4 8 2
Z

b/
2 2
4 2
2
t x 0 t x 0
x 3x 2 0
1 t 2 t 3t 2 0
= =
+ <

< < + <

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( )
2
1 x 2 1 x 2
2 x 1 1 x 2 *
< < < <
< < < <

= = =

x th sin 4x sin
8 2
1
( ) x la nghie mcu a 1 1 1 m 0
8
m 2
= + + =
=

Lu c o (1) tha nh :
2
sin 4x sin4x 2 0 =
( )
( )
( )
2
t sin4x v i t 1
t t 2 0
t sin4x v i t 1
t 1 t 2 loa i
=
= =

sin4x 1
4x k2
2
k
x
8 2
=
= +

= +

Ke t h p v i ie u kie n (*) suy ra k = 1
Va y (1) co nghie m
3
x
8 2 8

= + =

0 tho a
4 2
x 3x 2 + <
Ba i 85 : Tm a e hai phng trnh sau tng ng
( )
( ) ( ) (
2
2cos x. cos2x 1 cos2x cos3x 1
4cos x cos3x a cos x 4 a 1 cos2x 2
= + +
= + + )

( )
( )
2
Ta co : (1) cos3x cos x 1 cos2x cos3x
cos x 1 2cos x 1
cos x 1 2cos x 0
1
cos x 0 cos x
2
+ = + +
= +
=
= =

( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
= +
+ =
=

+ + =
2 3
3 2
2
Ta co : (2) 4 cos x 4 cos x 3cos x a cos x 4 a 2cos x
4 cos x 4 2a cos x a 3 cos x 0
cos x 0
4 cos x 2 2 a cos x a 3 0
2

[ ]

= + =

1
cos x 0 hay cos x 2cos x 3 a 0
2

= = =
1 a
cos x 0 cos x cos x
2 2
3

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Va y ye u ca u ba i toa n
a 3
0
2
a 3
a 3 1
a 4
2 2
a 1 a 5
a 3 a 3
1 1
2 2

=
= =
< >

< >

Ba i 86 : Cho phng trnh : cos4x = cos
2
3x + asin
2
x (*)
a/ Gia i phng tr nh khi a = 1
b/ Tm a e (*) co nghie m tre n 0,
12

Ta co : ( ) ( ) ( )
1 a
* cos4x 1 cos6x 1 cos2x
2 2
= + +
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 3
2 3
2 2cos 2x 1 1 4cos 2x 3cos2x a 1 cos2x
t cos2x t 1
2 2t 1 1 4t 3t a 1 t
= + +
=

= + +

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
3 2
2
t cos2x t 1
4t 4t 3t 3 a 1 t
1 cos2x t 1
t 1 4t 3 a 1 t * *
=

+ + =

+ =

a/ Khi a = 1 th (*) tha nh :
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
t cos2x t 1
t cos2x t 1
t 1 4t 4 0 t 1
=
=

+ = =

( )
= =
= = =
2
cos 2x 1 cos 2x 1
k
sin2x 0 2x k x , k Z
2

b/ Ta co :
3
x 0, 2x 0, .Va y cos2x t ,1
12 6 2

=

( )
( )
( )
( )
+ =
=
2
2
Va y (**) t-1 4t 3 a 1 t
4t 3 a do t 1

Xe t ( )
2
3
y 4t 3 P tre n ,1
2

=

3
y' 8t 0 t ,1
2

= >

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Do o (*) co nghie m tre n ( ) ( )

=

3
0, d : y a ca t P tre n , 1
2 2

( )
3
y a y
2
0 a 1

< <

< <
1

BA I TA P
1. Gia i ca c phng trnh sau :
a/ sin4x = tgx
b/
4 4 4
9
sin x sin x x sin x
4 4

+ + +

8
=
c/ tg x cot gx 4 + =
d/
( )
2
sin x 3 2 2cos x 2sin x 1
1
1 sin2x

=

e/
4
4cos x 3 2 sin2x 8cos x + =
f/
1 1 2
cos x sin2x sin4x
+ =
g/ sin2x 2 sin x 1
4

+

=
h/ ( ) ( ) 2 2sin x 1 4 sin x 1 cos 2x sin 2x
4 4

= + +

k/
2
4x
cos cos x
3
=
l/
x
tg . cos x sin2x 0
2
+ =
m/ 1 3 tgx 2sin2x + =
n/ cot g x tgx 2tg2x = +
p/ + =
2
3x 4x
2cos 1 3cos
5 5

q/
2
3cos4x 2cos 3x 1 =
r/
2
3x
2cos 1 3cos2x
2
+ =
s/
x
cos x tg 1
2
+ =
t/
2
3tg2x 4tg3x tg 3x.tg2x =
u/
2
3
cos x. cos4x cos2x. cos3x cos 4x
2
+ + =
v/
2 2 2 2
3
cos x cos 2x cos 3x cos 4x
2
+ + + =
w/ si n4x tgx =
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x/
6 6 2
13
cos x sin x cos 2x
8
+ =
y/
3 x 1 3x
sin sin
10 2 2 10 2

= +

2. ( 1 )
6 6
sin x cos x asin2x + =
a/ Gia i phng trnh khi a = 1.
b/ Tm a e (1) co nghie m (S :
1
a
4
)
3. Cho phng trnh
( )
6 6
2 2
cos x sin x
2mtg2x 1
cos x sin x
+
=

a/ Gia i phng trnh khi m =
1
8

b/ Tm m sao cho (1) co nghie m (S :
1
m
8
)
4. Tm m e phng trnh
sin4x mtgx co nghie mx k =

1
S : m 4
2

< <

5. Tm m e phng trnh :
cos3x cos2x mcos x 1 0 + =
co u ng 7 nghie m tre n , 2
2

( ) S :1 m 3 < <
( ) ( )
4 4 6 6 2
4 sin x cos x 4 sin x cos x sin 4x m + + = co nghie m

1
S : m 1
8

7. Cho phng trnh :
(1)
2 2 2
6sin x sin x mcos 2x =
b/ Tm m e (1) co nghie m
( ) S : m 0

( )
4 2
2m 1
m
sin x cos4x sin4x sin x 0
4 4
+
+ + =
co hai nghie m pha n bie t tre n ,
4 2

1
S : 2 5 4 m
2

< <

co nghie m
( )
6 6 4 4
sin x cos x m sin x cos x + = +
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1
S : m 1
2

10. Cho phng trnh :

2 2
cos4x cos 3x asin x = +
Tm a e phng trnh co nghie m x 0,
2

( ) S : 0 a 1 < <

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CHNG IV
PHNG TRNH BA C NHA T THEO SIN VA COSIN
( PHNG TRNH CO IE N )
( ) ( )
a sinu bcosu c * . a, b R \ 0 + =
Ca ch 1 : Chia 2 ve phng trnh cho +
2 2
a b 0
a t [ ]
2 2 2 2
a b
va sin v i 0, 2
a b a b
= =
+ +
cos
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
c
Th * sinu cos cosusin
a b
c
sin u
a b
+ =
+
+ =
+

Ca ch 2 :
Ne u u la nghie m cu a (*) th : k2 = +
asin bcos c b c + = =
Ne u u a t k + 2
u
t tg
2
= th (*) tha nh :
2
2 2
2t 1 t
a b
1 t 1 t
+ =
+ +
c
( ) ( ) ( )
2
b c t 2at c b 0 1 v i b c 0 + + = +
Phng trnh co nghie m ( ) ( )
2
' a c b c b 0 = +
2 2 2 2 2 2
a c b a b c +
Gia i phng trnh (1) tm c t. T
u
t tg
2
= ta tm c u.

Ba i 87 : Tm
2 6
x ,
5 7

tho a phng trnh : ( ) cos7x 3sin7x 2 * =

Chia hai ve cu a (*) cho 2 ta c :
( ) =

+ =

=

1 3 2
* cos7x sin7x
2 2 2
2
sin cos7x cos sin7x
6 6
sin 7x sin
6 4
2

= + = +
3
7x k2 hay 7x h2
6 4 6 4
,
( ) k, h Z

= + = + ]
5 k2 11 h2
x hay x , k,
84 7 84 7
h
Do
2 6
x ,
5 7

ne n ta pha i co :
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< + < < + < ]
2 5 k2 6 2 11 h2 6
hay ( k, h )
5 84 7 7 5 84 7 7

< + < < + < ]
2 5 k2 6 2 11 h2 6
hay ( k, h )
5 84 7 7 5 84 7 7

Suy ra k = 2, = h 1, 2
5 4 53 11 2 35
Va y x x
84 7 84 84 7 84
11 4 59
x
84 7 84

= + = = + =

= + =

( )
3
3sin3x 3 cos9x 1 4sin 3x * = +
Ta co : ( )
( )
3
* 3sin3x 4sin 3x 3 cos9x 1 =
sin9x 3cos9x 1 =
1 3
sin9x cos9x
2 2

1
2
=
1
sin 9x sin
3 2

= =

6

= + = + ]
5
9x k2 hay 9x k2 , k
3 6 3 6

= + = + ]
k2 7 k2
x hay x ,
18 9 54 9
k

( )
1
tgx sin2x cos2x 2 2cos x 0 *
cos x

+ =

Lu c o : ( )
sinx 2
* sin2x cos2x 4cos x 0
cos x cos x
+ =
2
sin x sin2xcos x cos xcos2x 4cos x 2 0 + =
( )
2
sin x 1 2cos x cos x cos2x 2cos2x 0 + =
=

sinxcos2x cos xcos2x 2cos2x 0 + =
= + c os 2x 0 hay sin x cos x 2 0
( )
( )
= = =

+ = + <
2
2 2 2
cos 2x 0 nha n do cos 2x 2cos x 1 0 th cos x 0
sin x cos x 2 vo nghie m v 1 1 2

( )

= +

= +
]
]
2x 2k 1 , k
2
k
x , k
4 2

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3 1
8sin x *
cos x sin x
= +
Lu c o (*)
2
8sin xcos x 3sinx cos x = +
( )
( )
= +
=
+ =
= +

= +

= + + = +

= + = + ]
4 1 cos 2x cos x 3 sin x cos x
4 cos 2x cos x 3 sin x 3cos x
2 cos 3x cos x 3 sin x 3cos x
3 1
cos 3x sin x cosx
2 2
cos 3x cos x
3
3x x k2 3x x k2
3 3
k
x k x , k
6 12 2

Nha n so v iie u kie n sin2x 0
Ca ch kha c :
(*)
2
8sin xcos x 3sinx cos x = +
( hie n nhie n cosx = 0 hay sinx = 0 kho ng la nghie m cu a pt na y )
= +
2
8(1 cos x) cos x 3 sin x cos x
= +
3
8cos x 8cos x 3 sin x cos x
=
3
6cos x 8cos x 3 sin x cos x
=
3
1 3
4 cos x 3cos x cos x sin x
2 2

= +

= + + = +

= + = + ]
cos 3x cos x
3
3x x k2 3x x k2
3 3
k
x k x , k
6 12 2

( ) 9sin x 6cos x 3sin2x cos 2x 8 * + + =
Ta co : (*)
( )
2
9sin x 6cos x 6sin xcos x 1 2sin x 8 + + =
( ) ( )
+

2
6cos x 6sin x cos x 2sin x 9sin x 7 0
7
6cos x 1 sin x 2 sin x 1 sin x 0
2
=
=

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( )

= + =

=

+ = + <
2 2 2
7
1 sin x 0 hay 6cos x 2 sin x 0
2
sin x 1
6cos x 2sin x 7 vo nghie m do 6 2 7

= + ] x k2 , k
2

( ) sin2x 2cos 2x 1 sin x 4cos x * + = +
Ta co : (*)
( )
2
2sin xcos x 2 2cos x 1 1 sin x 4cos x + = +
( )
+ + =

+ + =

= + + = + <
2
2 2 2
2sin x cos x sin x 4 cos x 4 cos x 3 0
1 1 3
2sin x cos x 4 cos x cos x 0
2 2 2
1
cos x 0 hay 2sin x 4 cos x 6 0 vo nghie m do 2 4 6
2

= + x k
3
2

( ) 2sin2x cos 2x 7sin x 2cos x 4 * = +
Ta co : (*)
( )
2
4sin x cos x 1 2sin x 7sin x 2cos x 4 = +
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
+ + =

+

+ =
= + = + <
2
2 2 2
2cos x 2sin x 1 2sin x 7sin x 3 0
1
2cos x 2sin x 1 2 sin x sin x 3
2
2cos x 2sin x 1 2sin x 1 sin x 3 0
2sin x 1 0 hay 2cos x sin x 3 0 vo nghie m v 1 2 3

= + = + ]
5
x k2 x k2 , k
6 6

( ) sin2x cos 2x 3sin x cos x 2 * = +
Ta co (*)
( )
2
2sin x cos x 1 2sin x 3sin x cos x 2 = +
( )
( ) ( ) (
+ +
+
= + =
2
cos x 2sin x 1 2sin x 3sin x 1 0
cos x 2sin x 1 sin x 1 2sin x 1 0
2sin x 1 0 hay cos x sin x 1 0
)
=
=

=

1
sin x hay 2 cos x x 1
2 4
=
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= + = + = + ]
5
x k2 x k2 hay x k2 , k
6 6 4 4

= + = + = + = ]
5
x k2 x k2 hay x k2 x k2 , k
6 6 2

( )
( )
2
sin2x 3 cos2x 5 cos 2x *
6

+ =

a t t sin2x 3 cos2x = + , iu kin a b t a b + = = +
2 2 2 2
2 2
Th
1 3
t 2 sin2x cos2x 2cos 2x
2 2

6

= + =

Va y (*) tha nh:
= = = =
2 2
t 5
t 5 2t t 10 0 t ( loa i ) t
2 2
2
Do o
( ) * cos 2x 1
6

=

= + = +
7
2x k2 x k
6 1

2

Ba i 96 : Gia i phng trnh ( ) + + =
3
2cos x cos2x sinx 0 *
Ta co (*)
3 2
2cos x 2cos x 1 sinx 0 + + =
( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( )
2
2
2cos x cosx 1 1 sinx 0
2 1 sin x 1 cosx 1 sinx 0
1 sinx 0 hay 2 1 sinx 1 cosx 1 0
+ + =
+ =
= + + =

2
1 sinx 0 hay 1 2sinxcos x 2(sinx cosx) 0
1 sinx 0 hay (sinx cos x) 2(sinx cos x) 0
= + + + =
= + + + =

( )
2 2 2
sinx 1 haysinx cos x 0 hay sinx cos x 2 0 vo nghie m do: 1 1 2 = + = + + = + <
sinx 1 haytgx 1 = = x k2 hay x k2 , k
2 4

= + = + ]

2
1 cos2x
1 cot g2x *
sin 2x
+ =
ie u kie n : si n2x 0 cos2x 1
Ta co (*)
2
1 cos2x 1
1 cot g2x
1 cos2x 1 cos 2x
1
cot g2x 1
1 cos2x
cos2x cos2x
sin2x 1 cos2x
+ = =
+
=
+
=
+

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( ) =
+
= + =
= + =
cos2x 0 nhan do 1
1 1
sin2x 1 cos2x
cos2x 0 1 cos2x sin2x
cos2x 0 sin2x cos2x 1

1
cos2x 0 sin 2x sin
4 4
2
5
2x k 2x k2 2x k2 , k
2 4 4 4 4

= + = =

= + + = + + = + ]

( )
k
x x k 2x k2 loa i ,
4 2 4
k
x , k
4 2

= + == + = +

= +
]
]
k

( ) ( )
4 4
4 sin x cos x 3 sin 4x 2 * + + =

Ta co : (*)
( )
2
2 2 2 2
4 sin x cos x 2sin xcos x 3sin4x 2

+ +

=

+ =

2
1
4 1 sin 2x 3sin4x 2
2

+ =
+ =

=

= +
cos4x 3sin4x 1
1 3 1
cos4x sin4x
2 2
2
cos 4x cos
3 3
2
4x k2
3 3
2

4x k2 hay 4x k2 , k
3
x k hay x k , k
4 2 12 2
= + = +

= + = +
]
]

Ca ch kha c :
( )
(*)
2
2 1 sin 2x 3 sin 4x 0 + =
2
2cos 2x 2 3sin2xcos2x 0
cos2x 0 cos2x 3sin2x 0
cos2x 0 cot g2x 3
+ =
= +
= =
=
2x k 2x k , k
2 6
k k
x x , k
4 2 12 2

= + = +

= + = +
]
]

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3 3
1
1 sin 2x cos 2x sin4x *
2
+ + =
Ta co (*) ( )( )
1
1 sin2x cos2x 1 sin2xcos2x sin4x
2
+ + =
( )
1 1
1 sin4x sin2x cos2x 1 sin4x 0
2 2
1
1 sin4x 0 hay 1 sin2x cos2x 0
2

+ + =

= + + =

( ) sin4x 2 loa i
sin2x cos2x 1
2 sin( 2x ) 1
4
=

+ =

+ =

( )
sin 2x sin( )
4 4
2x k2
4 4
k Z
5
2x k2
4 4
x k x k , k
4 2

+ =

+ = +
+ = +

= + = + ]

( )
( ) tgx 3cot gx 4 sin x 3 cos x * = +
ie u kie n
sinx 0
sin2x 0
cosx 0

Lu c o : (*)
( )
sinx cosx
3 4 sinx 3 cos
cos x sinx
= + x
( )
( )( )
2 2
sin x 3cos x 4sinxcosx sinx 3 cosx
sinx 3 cosx sinx 3 cosx 2sin2x 0
sinx 3 cosx
1 3
sinx cosx sin2x
2 2
= +
+ =

tgx 3 tg
3
sin x sin2x
3
x k x 2x k2 x 2x k2 , k
3 3 3

= =

=

= + = + = + Z

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( )
4 k2
x k x k2 x , k
3 3 9 3
4 k2
x k x nha n do sin2x 0
3 9 3

= + = = +

= + = +
]

( )
3 3
sin x cos x sin x cos x * + =
Ta co : (*)
3 3
sin x sinx cos x cosx 0 + + =
( )
( )
( )
2 3
2 3
2
sinx sin x 1 cos x cosx 0
sinxcos x cos x cosx 0
cosx 0 hay sinxcosx cos x 1 0
cosx 0
sin2x cos2x 3 vo nghie m do 1 1 9
x 2k 1 , k Z
2
+ + =
+ + =
= + + =
=

+ = + <
= +

4 4
1
cos x sin x *
4 4

+ + =

Ta co : (*) ( )
2
2 1 1
1 cos2x 1 cos 2x
4 4 2

1
4
+ + +

=

( ) ( )
2 2
1 cos2x 1 sin2x 1
cos2x sin2x 1
1 3
cos 2x cos
4 4
2
3
2x k2
4 4
x k x k , k
2 4
+ + + =
+ =

= =

= +

= + = + Z

3 3
4sin x. cos3x 4cos x.sin3x 3 3 cos4x 3 * + + =
Ta co : (*)
( ) ( )
+ +
3 3 3 3
4sin x 4cos x 3cosx 4cos x 3sinx 4sin x 3 3 cos4x 3 =
( )
+ + =
+ +
3 3
2 2
12sin xcosx 12sinxcos x 3 3 cos4x 3
4sinxcosx sin x cos x 3 cos4x 1 =

2sin2x. cos2x 3 cos4x 1
sin
3
sin4x cos4x 1
cos
3
+
+ =
=

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sin4x. cos sin cos 4x cos
3 3

+ =
3

sin 4x sin
3 6
5
4x k2 4x k2 , k
3 6 3 6
k k
x x , k
24 2 8 2

+ =

+ = + + = +

= + = +
]
]

Ba i 104 : Cho phng trnh :
( )
2 2
2sin x sin x cos x cos x m * =
a/ Tm m sao cho phng trnh co nghie m
b/ Gia i phng trnh khi m = -1
Ta co : (*) ( ) ( )
1 1
1 cos2x sin2x 1 cos2x m
2 2
+ =
sin2x 3cos2x 2m 1 + = +
2

a/ (*) co nghie m
2 2
a b c +
( )
2
2
1 9 1 2m
4m 4m 9 0
1 10 1 10
m
2 2
+

+

b/ Khi m = -1 ta c phng trnh
( ) sin2x 3cos2x 3 1 + =
( )

= + = = Neu x 2k 1 th sin2x 0 va cos2x 1
2
nen phng trnh (1) khong
thoa.
( )

+ = Neux 2k 1 th cosx 0, a t t tgx
2

(1) tha nh
( )
2
2 2
3 1 t
2t
3
1 t 1 t
+ =
+ +

( ) (
2 2
2
2t 3 1 t 3 t 1
6t 2t 0
t 0 t 3
+ = +
=
= =
)

Va y (1) tgx 0 hay tgx 3 tg x k = = = = hay x k , k = + ]
Ba i 105 : Cho phng trnh ( )
2
3
5 4sin x
6tg 2
*
sinx 1 tg

+

=
+

a/ Giai phng trnh khi
4
=
b/ Tm e phng trnh (*) co nghie m
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Ta co :
3
sin x sin x cosx
2 2

= =

2
2
6tg 6sin
. cos 3sin2
1 tg cos

= = v i cos 0
+

Va y : ( ) ( )
5 4cosx
* 3sin2 ie u kie n sinx 0 va cos 0
sinx
=
3sin2 sinx 4cosx 5 + =
a/ Khi
4
= ta c phng trnh
( ) 3sin x 4cos x 5 1 + = ( Hie n nhie n sin x = 0 kho ng la nghie m cu a (1))
3 4
sinx cosx 1
5 5
+ =
a t
3 4
cos va sin v i 0 2
5 5
= = < <
Ta co pt (1) tha nh :

( ) sin x 1 + =
x k2
2
x k
2
+ = +
= + + 2

b/ (**) co nghie m
( )
2
3sin2 16 25 va cos 0 +
2
2
sin 2 1 va cos 0
sin 2 1
cos2 0
k
, k
4 2

=
=

= + ]

BA I TA P
a/ ( ) 2 2 sinx cosx cosx 3 cos2x + = +
b/
( )

( 2cos x 1 sin x cos x 1 + ) =
c/ ( ) 2cos2x 6 cosx sinx =
d/ 3sinx 3 3 cos x =
e/ 2cos3x 3sinx cos x 0 + + =
f/ cos x 3sinx sin2x cos x sinx + = + +
g/
3
cosx 3sinx
cosx 3sinx 1
+ =
+ +

h/ si nx cos x cos2x + =
k/
3
4sin x 1 3sinx 3 cos3x =
i /
6
3cosx 4sinx 6
3cosx 4sinx 1
+ + =
+ +

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j/ cos7xcos5x 3sin2x 1 sin7xsin5x =
m/
( )
4 4
4 cos x sin x 3 sin 4x 2 + + =
p/
2 2
cos x 3sin2x 1 sin x = +
q/
( ) 4sin2x 3cos2x 3 4sin x 1 =
r/
2
tgx sin2x cos2x 4cosx
cosx
= +
s/
( )
2
x
2 3 cosx 2sin
2 4
1
2cosx 1

=

2. Cho phng trnh cosx + msinx = 2 (1)
a/ Gia i phng trnh m 3 =
b/ Tm ca c gia tr m e (1) co nghie m (S : m 3 )
3. Cho phng trnh :
( )
msinx 2 mcosx 2
1
m 2cosx m 2sinx

=

a/ Gia i phng trnh (1) khi m = 1
b/ Khi m 0 va m 2 th (1) co bao nhie u nghie m tre n
[ ] 20 ,30 ?
(S : 10 nghie m)
4. Cho phng trnh
( )
2sinx cosx 1
a 1
sinx 2cosx 3
+ +
=
+

a/ Gia i (1)khi
1
a
3
=
b/ Tm a e (1) co nghie m

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CHNGV.
PHNG TRNH O I X NG THEO SINX, COSX
( ) ( ) a sInx cos x bsInxcos x c 1 + + =
Ca ch gia i
a t = + sIn x cos x vo I dIo u kIo n f 2 f
Th f 2 sIn x 2 cos x
4 4

= + =

Ta co : ( )
2
f 1 2sInxcos x no n 1 fha nh = +
( )
2
b
af f 1 c
2
+ =
2
bf 2af b 2c 0 + =
Gia i (2) tm c t, ro i so v i ie u kie n f 2
gia i phng trnh

+ =

2 sIn x f
4
ta tm c x
2 3
sIn x sIn x cos x 0 ` + + =
(*) ( )
( )
2
sIn x 1 sInx cos x 1 sIn x 0 + + =
( ) ( ) + = + = 1 sIn x 0 hay sIn x cos x 1 sIn x 0
( )
( )
sIn x 1 1
sIn x cos x sInxcos x 0 2
=

+ =

( ) ( )
( )
2
1 x k2 k Z
2
Xo f 2 : da f f sIn x cos x 2 cos x
4
dIo u kIo n f 2 fh f 1 2sIn x cos x
= +

= + =

= +

Va y (2) tha nh
2
f 1
f 0
2
=
( )
2
f 2f 1 0
f 1 2
f 1 2 Ioa I
=
=

= +

Do o ( 2 ) 2 cos x 1 2
4

=

= = < <

= + =
= + =
]
]
2
cos x 1 cos vo I 0 2
4 2
2
x h2 , h , vo I cos
4 2
2
x h2 , h , vo I cos
4 2
1
1

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3 3
3
1 sIn x cos x sIn2x `
2
+ + =
( ) ( ) ( )
3
` 1 sIn x cos x 1 sIn xcos x sIn2x
2
+ + =
a t f sIn x cos x 2 sIn x
4

= + = +

V i ie u kie n f 2
Th
2
f 1 2sInxcos = + x
Va y (*) tha nh :
( )
2
2
f 1 3
1 f 1 f 1
2 2

+ =

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
3 2
2
2 f 3 f 3 f 1
f 3f 3f 1 0
f 1 f 4f 1 0
f 1 f 2 3 f 2 3 Ioa I
+ =
+ =
+ + =
= = + =

v i t = 1 th
1
sIn x sIn
4 4 2

+ = =

+ = = + = +
= = +
]
]
3
x k2 x k2 , k
4 4 4 4
x k2 x k2 , k
2

v i

= + = =

3 2
f 3 2 fh sIn x sIn
4
2

+ = + + = + =

= + = + =
]
]
3 2
x m2 x m2 , m , vo I s
4 4
2
3 3
x m2 x m2 , m , vo I sIn
4 4
2
In
2

Ba i 108 :Gia i phng trnh ( ) ( ) 2 sIn x cos x fgx cof gx ` + = +
ie u kie n
sInx 0
sIn2x 0
cos x 0

Lu c o (*) ( )
sIn x cos x
2 sIn x cos x
cos x sIn x
+ = +
( )
2 2
sIn x cos x 1
2 sIn x cos x
sIn x cos x sIn xcos x
+
+ = =
4

= + = +

Th = +
2 2
f 1 2sIn x cos x vo I f 2 va f 1
(*) tha nh
2
2
2f
f 1
=

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3
2f 2f 2 0 =
(Hie n nhie n kho ng la nghie m) f = 1
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
f 2 2f 2f 2 0
f 2
f 2f 1 0 vo nghIo m
+ + =
=

+ + =

Va y ( ) ` 2 sIn x 2
4

+ =

+ =

+ = +
= +
]
]
sIn x 1
4
x k2 , k
4 2
x k2 , k
4

Ba i 109 : Gia i phng trnh ( ) ( ) ( 3 cof gx cos x 5 fgx sInx 2 ` = )
V i ie u kie n sIn , nha n 2 ve phng trnh cho sinxcosx th : 2x 0 0
( ) ( ) ( ) =
2 2
` 3cos x 1 sIn x 5sIn x 1 cos x 2sIn x cos x
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
=
+ +

+ +
+ =
2 2
3cos x 1 sIn x 5sIn x 1 cos x 5sIn x cos x 3sIn x cos x
3cos x cos x 1 sIn x sIn x 5sIn x sIn x 1 cos x cos x 0
3cos x cos x sIn x cos x sIn x 5sIn x sIn x sIn x cos x cos x 0
sIn x cos x sIn x cos x 0 1
3cos x 5sIn x 0 2
=
=

( Ghi chu : A.B + A.C = A.D A = 0 hay B + C = D )
Gia i (1) a t f sIn x cos x 2 sIn x
4

= + = +

Th v i ie u kie n :
2
f 1 2sInxcos = + x f 2 va f 1
(1) tha nh :
2
2
f 1
f 0 f 2f
2
= 1 0 =
( )
( )
f 1 2 Ioa I do f 2
f 1 2 nha n so vo I dIo u kIo n
= +

Va y ( )
1 2
sIn x sIn 0 2
4 2

+ = = < <

+ = + = +

+ = + = +

] ]
x k2 x k2
4 4
3
x k2 , k x k2 ,
4 4
k

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( ) ( ) = = = + < < ]
3
2 fgx fg x h , h vo I 0
5

( )
( )
3 2
2
3 1 sinx
x
3tg x tgx 8cos *
4 2 cos x
+

+ =

ie u kie n : cosx 0 sinx 1
Lu c o : (*)
( ) ( )( )
2 2
tgx 3tg x 1 3 1 sinx 1 tg x 4 1 cos x
2

+ + + = +

( ) 4 1 sinx = +
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
2
tgx 3tg x 1 1 sinx 3 1 tg x 4 0
3tg x 1 tgx 1 sinx 0
3tg x 1 sinx cosx sinxcosx 0
3tg x 1 1
sinx cos x sinxcos x 0 2

+ + +

+ + =
+ + =
=

+ + =
=

( )
2
1 3
(1) tg x tgx x k
3 3 6
Gia i 2 a t t sinx cos x 2 sin x
4
= = = +

= + =

+

V i ie u kie n t 2 va t 1
Th
2
t 1 2sinxcos x = +
(2) tha nh :
2
2
t 1
t 0 t 2t 1
2
+ = + = 0
( )
( )
t 1 2 loa i doie u kie n t 2
t 1 2 nha n so v i ie u kie n
= +

Va y
2 1
sin x sin
4
2

+ = =

x k2 , k x k2 , k
4 4
3
x k2 , k x k2
4 4

+ = + = +

+ = + = +

] ]
] ] , k

Ba i 111 : Gia i phng trnh ( ) = +
3 3
2sin x sinx 2cos x cosx cos2x *
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 2 2
* 2 sin x cos x sinx cos x sin x cos x 0 + =
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( ) ( )
( )
( )
sinx cosx 0 hay 2 1 sinxcosx 1 sinx cosx 0
sinx cosx 0 1
sinx cosx sin2x 1 0 2
= + + + =
=

+ + + =

( )
( )
1 tgx 1
x k , k
4
xe t 2 a t t sinx cosx 2 cosx x
4
=
= +

= + =

]

V i ie u kie n : t 2
2
t 1 sin2 = + x
( ) ( )
2
Va y 2 tha nh t t 1 1 0 + + =
( ) t t 1 0 t 0 t 1 + = = =
Khi t = 0 th cos x 0
4

=

( ) x 2k 1 , k
4 2
3
x k , k
4

= +
= +
]
]

Khi
1 3
t 1 th cos x cos
4 4
2

= = =

3
x k2 , k
4 4
x k2 hay x k2 , k
2

= +
= + = +
]
]

( )
2 3 4 2 3 4
sinx sin x sin x sin x cosx cos x cos x cos x * + + + = + + +

Ta co : (*)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 3 3 4 4
sinx cosx sin x cos x sin x cos x sin x cos x 0
sinx cosx 0 hay 1 sinx cosx 1 sinx. cosx sinx cosx 0
+ + + =
= + + + + + + =
( )
( ) ( )
sinx cosx 0 1
2 sinx cosx sinxcosx 2 0 2
=

+ + + =

Ta co : (1) tgx 1 =
x k , k
4
= + ]
Xe t (2) : a t t sinx cos x 2 cos x
4

= + =

V i ie u kie n t 2
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Th
2
t 1 2sinxcos x = +
(2) tha nh
2
t 1
2t 2 0
2
+ + =
( )
2
t 4t 3 0
t 1 t 3 loa i
+ + =
= =

khi t = -1 th
1 3
cos x cos
4 4
2

= =

3
x k2 , k
4 4
3
x k2 ,
4 4
x k2 , k
x k2 , k
2

= +
= +
= +
= +
]
]
]
]
k

( ) ( ) + =
2 3 3
tg x 1 sin x cos x 1 0 *
ie u kie n : cosx 0 sinx 1
Lu c o (*)
( )
2
3 3
2
sin x
1 sin x cos x 1 0
cos x
+ =
( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )
2 3 3 2
2 2
1 cos x 1 sin x 1 cos x 1 sin x 0
1 cosx 1 sinx 0
hay 1 cosx 1 sinx sin x 1 cos x cos x 1 sinx 0
=
=
+ + + + + +
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
cos x 1 nha n do ie u kie n
sinx 1 loa i do ie u kie n
sin x sin xcosx cos x sinxcos x 0
=
+ =
=

( )
2 2
cos x 1
sin x cos x sinxcos x sinx cos x 0
=

+ =

cosx 1
sinx cosx 0 hay sinx cosx sinxcosx 0
=

= + + =

cosx 1 tgx 1
sinx cosx sinxcosx 0
= =

+ + =

x k2 , k
x k , k
4
sinx cos x sinxcos x 0
=
= +
+ + =
]
]
xe t pt sinx cosx sinxcosx 0 + + =
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a t
( )
t sinx cos x 2 cos x x ie u kie n t 2 va t 1
4

= + =

2
t 1 2sin x cos x = +
Ta c phng trnh
2
2
t 1
t 0 t 2t
2
1 0 + = + =
( )
( )
t 1 2 loa i
t 1 2 nha n so v i k
=

= +

Va y
2 1
cos x cos
4
2

= =

x k2 , k x k2 ,
4 4

= + = + ] ] k

Ba i 114 : Cho phng trnh ( ) ( ) m sinx cosx 1 1 sin2x * + + = +
Tm m e phng trnh co nghie m thuo c oa n 0,
2

a t t sinx cos x 2 sin x
4

= + =
, ie u kie n t 2
Th
2
t 1 sin2x = +
Va y (*) tha nh : ( )
2
m t 1 t + =
Ne u
3
0 x th x
2 4 4 4

+
Do o
2
sin x 1
2 4

+

1 t 2
ta co ( )
2
m t 1 t + =
2
t
m
t 1
=
+
(do t = -1 kho ng la nghie m cu a phng trnh)
Xe t
2
t
y tre n 1,
t 1

=

+
2
Th
( )
2
2
t 2t
y' 0 t 1, 2
t 1
+

= >

+

Va y y ta ng tre n 1, 2

Va y (*) co nghie m tre n ( )
( )
1, y 1 m y 2
2

( )

1
m 2 2 1
2

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3 3
cos x sin x msinxcosx * + =
a/ Gia i phng trnh khi m 2 =
b/ Tm m e (*) co nghie m
Ta co : (*) ( )( ) cosx sinx 1 sinxcosx msinxcosx + =
a t t sin x cos x 2 cos x x
4

= + =

V i ie u kie n
( )
t 2
Th
2
t 1 2sinxcos x = +
Va y (*) tha nh
2 2
t 1 t 1
t 1 m
2 2

=

( ) ( )
2 2
t 3 t m t 1 =
a/ Khi m = 2 ta co phng trnh
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
t 3 t 2 t 1 =
( )( )
3 2
2
t 2t 3t 2 0
t 2 t 2 2t 1 0
t 2 hay t 2 1 hay t 2 1( loa i )
+ =
+ + =
= = + =

Va y cos x x 1 x k2 , k x k2 , k
4 4 4

= = = +

] ]

1 2
cos x cos
4
2
x k2 , k x k2 ,
4 4

= =

= + = + ] ] k

b/ Xe t phng trnh
( ) ( )( )
2 2
t 3 t k t 1 ** =
Do t kho ng la nghie m cu a (**) ne n 1 =
( )
3
2
3t t
** m
t 1

Xe t ( ) { }
3
2
3t t
y C tre n 2, 2 \
t 1
1
Ta co
( )
4
2
2
t 3
y' 0 t 1
t 1

= <
=
)

suy ra y gia m va ( tre n 1,1

lim , lim
x x
y y
+

= + =
1 1
Do o ( ) { } tre n 1,1 2, 2 \ 1

ta co
(d) y = m ca t (C)
3
2
3t t
y v i m R
t 1

Va y (*) co nghie m m R

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( ) ( )
1 1 1
m sinx cos x 1 tgx cot gx 0 *
2 sinx cos x

+ + + + + + =

1
m
2
=
b/ Tm m e (*) co nghie m tre n 0,
2

V i ie u kie n ta co sin2x 0
(*) ( )
1 sin x cos x 1 1
m sinx cos x 1 0
2 cos x sinx sinx cos x

+ + + + + +

=
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
msin2x sinx cos x sin2x 1 cos x sinx 0
msin2x sinx cos x sin2x 1 cos x sinx 0
msin2x sinx cos x sinx cos x sinx cos x 0
sinx cos x 0 1
msin2x sinx cos x 1 0 2
+ + + + +
+ + + + + =
+ + + + +
+ =

+ + + =
=
=
Xe t (2) a t t sinx cos x 2 cos x
4

= + =

Th
2
t 1 sin2x = +
Do si n2x 0 ne n t 2 va t 1 =
Va y (*) tha nh :
( )
2
t 0
m t 1 t 1 0
=
+ + =
( )
( )
t 0 nha n so ie u kie n
m t 1 1 0 ( do t 1)
=

+ =

a/ Khi
1
m
2
= th ta c :
( )
t 0
t 1 loa i do ie u kie n
=

Va y sinx + cosx = 0
tgx 1
x k , k
4
=
= + ]

b/ Ta co : 0 x x
2 4 4

< < < <
4

Lu c o

2
cos x 1 1 t 2
2 4

< <

Do
(
t 0 1, 2
=

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Ne n ta xe t phng trnh : ( ) ( ) m t 1 1 0 ** + =
( ) ** mt m 1 =
1
t 1
m
= (do m = 0 th (**) vo nghie m)
Do o : ye u ca u ba i toa n
1
1 1 2
m
<
1
m 0
0
m
1
m 2 1
1 2
1 2
m
m 2 1
< >

1

Ba i 117 : Cho ( ) ( ) = + +
3
2
f x cos 2x 2 sinx cosx 3sin2x m +
a/ Gia i phng trnh f(x) = 0 khi m = -3
b/ Tnh theo m gia tr l n nha t va gia tr nho nha t cu a f(x)
Tm m cho ( )
2
f x 36 x R

a t
( )
t sin x cos x 2 cos x ie u kie n t 2
4

= + =

Th
2
t 1 sin2x = +
Va
( )
2
2 2 2 4
cos 2x 1 sin 2x 1 t 1 t 2t = = = +
2

Va y ( ) ( ) ( )
4 2 3 2
f x tha nh g t t 2t 2t 3 t 1 m = + + +
a/ Khi m = -3 th g(t) = 0
( )
2 2
t t 2t 1 0
t 0 t 1
+ =
= =

va y khi m = -3 th f(x) = 0
( )
1
cos x 0hay cos x
4 4
2
x 2k 1 hay x k2 , k
4 2 4 4

= =

= + = + ]

3
x k
4
= + hay x k2 x k2 , k
2
= + = ]
b/ Ta co
( ) ( )
3 2 2
g' t 4t 6t 2t 2t 2t 3t 1 = + = +
Va y
( ) g' t 0
1
t 0 t 1 t
2 t 2, 2
=
= = =

Ta co :
( ) ( )
1 47
g 0 3 m g 1 , g m
2 16

= + = = +

( ) ( )
g 2 4 2 3 m, g 2 m 3 4 2 = + =
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Va y :
( ) ( )
t 2, 2
x
Maxf x Max g t m 3

= =
\
+

( ) ( )
t 2, 2
x R
Minf x Min g t m 3 4 2

= =

Do o : ( ) ( )
2
f x 36, x R 6 f x 6, x R

( )
( )
R
R
Maxf x 6
Minf x 6
m 3 6
m 3 4 2 6

4 2 3 m 3
Ca ch kha c : Ta co ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
g t t t 2t 1 3 m t t 1 3 m = + + + = + +

a t
2
u t t =
Khi
1
t 2, 2 th u , 2 2
4

+ =

D
Va y ( ) ( )
2
g t h u u 3 m = = + +
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
R u D
t 2 , 2
R
t 2 , 2
u D
Maxf x Max g t Max h u m 3
Minf x Min g t Min h u m 3 4 2

= = = +
= = =

Chu y 1 : Phng trnh gia o i x ng
( ) ( ) a sinx cosx b sinxcosx 0 + =
a t t = sinx cosx
th t 2 sin x 2 cos x
4 4

= =

+

v i ie u kie n
2
t 2 th t 1 2sinxcos = x

Ba i 118 : Gia i phng trnh ( ) 2sInx cof gx 2sIn2x 1 ` + = +
ie u kie n : sIn x 0 cos x 1 =
Lu c o (*)
cos x
2sIn x 4sIn x cos x 1
sIn x
+ = +
) =

( )
( ) ( ) (
( )
( )
( )
+ = +
=
+
= + =
=
2 2
2 2
2sIn x cos x 4sIn x cos x sIn x
2sIn x sIn x cos x 4sIn x 1 0
sIn x 2sIn x 1 cos x 2sIn x 1 2sIn x 1 0
2sIn x 1 0 hay sIn x cos x 2sIn x 1 0
2sIn x 1 0 1
sIn x cos x sIn2x 0 2

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( ) ( ) =
1
Ta co 1 sIn x nha n do sIn x 0
2

= + = + ]
5
x k2 x k2 , k
6 6

( )

= =

Xo f 2 a f f sIn x cos x 2 sIn x
4

V i ie u kie n f 2 va f 1
x
0
0

Th
2
f 1 sIn2 =
Va y (2) tha nh :
( )
2
f 1 f =
2
f f 1 + =
( )
1 5 1 5
f f
2 2
+
= = Ioa I
Do o :
( )
1 5
2 sIn x nha n do f 2 va f 1
4 2
+
=

= =

5 1
sIn x sIn
4
2 2

= +
= +
]
]
x k2 , k
4
x k2 ,
4
k

= + +
= +
]
]
x k2 , k
4
5
x k2 ,
4
k

( ) ( ) ( ) cos2x 5 2 2 cos x sInx cos x ` + =
Ta co : ( )
( )
( ) (
2 2
` cos x sIn x 5 2 2 cos x sInx cos x + = )
( ) ( ) ( ) sIn x cos x 2 2 cos x sIn x cos x 5 0 + +

=
( )[ ] sInx cos x sInx cos x 4 5 0 + =
4

= =

V i ie u kie n f 2
(*) tha nh : ( ) f f 4 5 0 + =
( )
2
f 4f 5 0
f 1 f 5 Ioa I
+ =
= =

Va y ( ) `
1
sIn x sIn
4 4 2

= =

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= + = +
= + = +
]
]
3
x k2 x k2 , k
4 4 4 4
x k2 x k2 , k
2

3 3
cos x sIn x cos2x ` + =
Ta co (*) ( ) ( )
2 2
cos x sInx 1 sInxcos x cos x sIn x + =
( )
( )
+ = =
+ =

+ =
cos x sIn x 0 hay 1 sIn x cos x cosx sIn x

sIn x cos x 0 1
sIn x cos x sIn x cos x 1 0 2

Ta co : ( ) 1 fgx 1 =
= + ] x k , k
4

Xe t (2) a t f sIn x cos x 2 sIn x
4

= =

V i ie u kie n f 2
Th
2
f 1 2sInxcos = x
(2) tha nh
2
2
1 f
f 1 0 f 2f 1
2
0 + = + + =
f 1 =
va y (2)
1
sIn x sIn
4 4 2

= =

= = +
= +
= +

] ]
]
]
x k2 , k x k2 , k
4 4
3
5 x k2 , k
x k2 , k
2
4 4

3 3
cos x sIn x m 1 =
a/ Gia i phng trnh (1) khi m = 1 ba ng ca ch a t a n phu f cos x sInx =
b/ Tm m sao cho (1) co u ng hai nghie m x ,
4 4

Ta co (1) ( ) ( ) cos x sInx 1 sInxcos x m + =
a t f cos x sIn x 2 cos x
4

= = +

V i ie u kie n f 2
Th
2
f 1 2sInxcos = x
Va y (1) tha nh :
2
1 f
f 1 m
2

+ =

( )
( )
2
f 3 f 2m 2 =
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a/ Khi m = 1 th (2) tha nh
3
f 3f 2 0 + =
( )
( )
( )
2
f 1 f f 2 0
f 1 f 2 Ioa I
+ =
= =

Va y

+ = + = +

]
2
cos x x k2 , k
4 2 4 4
= = + ] x k2 x k2 , k
2

b/ Ne u x ,
4 4

th 0 x

4 2
+
ne n 0 cos x 1
4

+

0 f 2 cos x 2
4

= +

nha n xe t ra ng v i mo i t tm c tre n 0, 2

ta tm duy nha t mo t x ,
4 4

xe t ( )
3
f f f 3f fro n 0, 2

= +

( )
2
f ' f 3f 3 = +

va y (1) co u ng hai nghie m x ,
4 4

( ) ( )
3
d y 2m ca f C y f 3f fro n 0, 2

= = +

ta i 2 ie m pha n bie t
< 2 2m 2
2
m 1
2
<

( ) ( )
2 2
2cos2x sIn xcos x sInxcos x m sInx cos x ` + + = +
b/ Tm m e phng trnh (*) co t nha t mo t nghie m tre n 0,
2

Ta co :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
` 2 cos x sIn x sIn x cos x sIn x cos x m sIn x cos x + + = +
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( ) + = + = cos x sIn x 0 |1) hay 2 cos x sIn x sIn x cos x m | 2)
a t f cos x sIn x 2 cos x
4

= = +
(ie u kie n f 2 )
Th
2
f 1 2sIn x cos = x
x Ta co : ( ) 1 sInx cos =
= = + ] fgx 1 x k , k
4

Ta co : (2) tha nh
2
1 f
2f m
2
+ =
( )
2
f 4f 1 2m ` ` + + =
a/ Khi m = 2 th (**) tha nh
2
f 4f 3 0 + =
( ) = = f 1 f 3 Ioa I
va y

+ = + = +

]
2
cos x x k2 , k
4 2 4 4

= = + ] x k2 x k , k
2

Do o :
( )

= + = = + ] ` x k x k2 x k2 , k
4 2

b/ Ta co

+

3
x 0, x ,
2 4 4
4

va y
2 2
cos x
2 4

+

2

1 f 1
Do nghie m

= +

] x k 0, , k
4 2

Ne n ye u ca u ba i toa n ( ) ` ` co nghie m tre n [ ] 1,1
Xe t [ ]
2
y f 4f 1 fh y' 2f 4 0 f 1,1 = + + = + >
[ ] y fa ng fro n 1,1
Do o : ye u ca u ba i toa n
( ) ( ) 4 y 1 2m y 1 4
2 m 2
= =

* Chu y 2 : Phng trnh l ng gia c da ng
( ) ( )
2 2
a fgx cof gx b fg x cof g x 0 + + =
ta a t
2 2 2
f fgx cof gx fh f fg x cof g x 2 = = +
khi
( )
2
f fgx cof gx fh f 2 do sIn2x 1
sIn2x
= + =

( )
2 2
3fg x 4fgx 4cof gx 3cof g x 2 0 ` + + + + =
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a t
2
f fgx cof gx
sIn2x
= + =
V i ie u kie n f 2
Th
2 2 2
f fg x cof g x = + + 2
(*) tha nh :
( )
2
3 f 2 4f 2 0 + + =
2
3f 4f 4 0 + =
( )
2
f Ioa I do dIo u kIo n
3
f 2

Ta co :
2
f 2 2 sIn2x
2sIn x
= = = 1
= +
= +
]
]
2x k2 , k
2
x k , k
4

( )
2 3 2 3
fgx fg x fg x cofgx cofg x cofg x 6 ` + + + + + =
Ta co (*) ( ) ( ) ( )
+ + + + +
2 2 3 3
fgx cof gx fg x cof g x fg x cof g x 6 =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2
fgx cof gx fgx cof gx 2 fgx cof gx fg x cof g x 1 6
fgx cof gx fgx cof gx fgx cof gx fgx cof gx 3 8
+ + + + + + =

+ + + + + + =

a t
( )
2
f fgx cof gx dIo u kIo n f 2
sIn2x
= + =
Va y (*) tha nh :
( )
2 2
f f f f 3 8 + + =
( ) ( )
( )
3 2
2
2
f f 2f 8 0
f 2
f 2 f 3f 4 0
f 3f 4 0 vo nghIo m
f 2
+ =
=
+ + =

+ + =
=

Va y
2
2 sIn2x
sIn2x
= = 1
= +
= +
]
]
2x k2 , k
2
x k , k
4

( ) + + + + =
2
2
2
2fg x 5fgx 5cof gx 4 0 `
sIn x

Ca ch 1 : (*)
( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 cof g x 2fg x 5 fgx cof gx 4 0 + + + + + =
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( ) ( )
( ) ( )
+ + + + =

+ + + +

2 2
2
2 fg x cof g x 5 fgx cof gx 6 0
2 fgx cof gx 2 5 fgx cof gx 6 0 =

a t = + =
2
f fgx cof gx , vo I f 2
sIn 2x

Ta c phng trnh :
2
2f 5f 2 0 + + =
( ) = =
1
f 2 f Ioa I
2

Va y( ) `
2
2 sIn2x
sIn2x
= = 1
= +
= +
]
]
2x k2 , k
2
x k , k
4

Ca ch 2 : a t u = tgx (v i ie u kie n u 0 )
Va y (*) tha nh :
2
2
2 5
2 2u 5u 4
u u
+ + + + + = 0
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
+ + + =
=

+ + =
4 3 2
3 2
2
2
2
2 2u 5u 5u 6u 0
u 1 2u 3u 3u 2 0
u 1 2u u 2 0
u 1 nha n
2u u 2 0 vo nghIo m

Va y (*) tgx = -1
= + ] x k , k
4

( )
2
2
1
cof g x m fgx cof gx 2 0 1
cos x
+ + + + = ( )
5
m
2
=
b/ Tm m e phng trnh co nghie m
Ta co : (1) ( )
2 2
fg x cof g x m fgx cof gx 3 0 + + + + =
a t
( )
2
f fgx cof gx dIo u kIo n f 2
sIn2x
= + =
2 2 2
f fg x cof g x = + + 2
Va y (1) tha nh : ( )
2
f mf 1 0 2 + + =
a/ Khi
5
m
2
= ta c phng trnh
2
2f 5f 2 0 + + =
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( )
1
f 2 f Ioa I
2
= =
Do o
2
2 sIn2x
sIn2x
= = 1
= +
= +
]
]
2x k2 , k
2
x k , k
4

b/ Ca ch 1 :
Ta co : (2)
2
mf 1 f =
1
m
f
= f (do t = 0 kho ng la nghie m cu a (2))
Xe t
1
y f vo I f
f
= 2
Th
2
2 2
1 1
y' 1
f f
= =
f

Ta co : y ' 0 f 1 = =

Do o (1) co nghie m ( ) ( ] [ ) |d) ca f C fro n , 2 ! 2, +
5 5
m m
2 2
5
m
2

Ca ch 2 : Ye u ca u ba i toa n
( )
2
f f f mf 1 = + + = 0 co nghie m t tho a f 2
Nha n xe t ra ng do P = 1 ne n ne u f(t) co hai nghie m va
co nghie m th ta co
( )
1 2 1 2
f , f vo I f f

1 1
2 2
f 1 f 1
f 1 f 1

Do o :
Ye u ca u ba i toa n < < < <
1 1 1
f 2 f 2 2 f 2
2
f
( )
( )
( )
( )

+ + >

+ > + > >

1f 2 0 1f 2 0
2m 5 0 2m 5 0
2m 5 0 2m 5 0 1f 2 0 1f 2 0
5 5
m m
2 2

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BA I TA P
1. Gia i ca c phng trnh :
a/
3 3
1 cos x sIn x sIn x + =
b/
3 2
cos x cos x 2sIn x 2 0 + + =
c/ ( ) ( ) cos2x 5 2 2 cos x sInx cos x + =
d/ co f gx fgx sIn x cos x = +
e/
3 3
sIn x cos x sIn x cos x =
f/ 1 f gx sIn x cos x + = +
g/ sIn2x 2 sIn x 1
4

+

=
=

k/ ( ) sIn2x 12 sInx cos x 12 0 +
l/
sIn x cos x
1
sIn2x 1
+
=
+

m/
3
3
1 cos2x 1 cos x
1 cos2x 1 sIn x

=
+

n/ ( ) ( ) 5 sInx cos x sIn3x cos3x 2 2 2 sIn2x + + = +
o/ 1 sInx cos x sIn2x 2cos2x 0 + + + + =
p/
2 2
sIn x cos x cos2x sIn x cos xsIn x cos x + = +
r/ ( ) ( ) cos2x 5 2 2 cos x sInx cos x + =
s/
2 3
cos x sIn x cos x 0 + + =
t/
3
4sIn x 1 3sIn x 3 cos3x =
2. Cho phng trnh ( ) ( ) sIn2x sInx cos x m 1 + =
a/ Ch ng minh ne u m > 2 th (1) vo nghie m
b/ Gia i phng trnh khi m 2 =
3. Cho phng trnh ( ) sIn2x 4 cos x sInx m + =
4. Cho phng trnh : ( ) sInxcos x m sInx cos x 1 0 + + =
a/ Gia i phng trnh khi m 2 =
( )
S : m 1
5. Cho phng trnh ( )
2
2
3
3fg x m fgx cof gx 1
sIn x
+ = + =
Tm m e phng trnh co nghie m
( )
S : m 4
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CHNG VI.
PHNG TRNH A NG CA P
2 2
asin u bsinu cosu c cos u d + + =
Ca ch gia i :
( ) Tm nghie m u k lu c o cosu 0 va sinu 1
2
= + = =
2
Chia hai ve phng trnh cho cos u 0 ta c phng trnh :
( )
2 2
atg u btgu c d 1 tg u + + = +
a t t t ta co phng trnh : gu =
( )
2
a d t bt c d 0 + + =
Gia i phng trnh tm c t = tgu

( )
2 2
cos x 3sin2x 1 sin x * = +
V cosx = 0 kho ng la nghie m ne n
Chia hai ve cu a (*) cho
2
cos 0 ta c
( ) ( )
2 2
* 1 2 3tgx 1 tg x tg x = + +
a t t = tgx ta co phng trnh :
2
2t 2 3t 0 + =
t 0 t 3 = =
Va y
( ) *

= = = = + ] tgx 0hay tgx 3 x k hay x k , k
3

( )
3 3 2
cos x 4sin x 3cos xsin x sin x 0 * + =
Khi x k th cos x 0va sinx
2
1
= + = =
th (*) vo nghie m
Do = cos x 0 kho ng la nghie m ne n chia hai ve cu a (*) cho cos
3
x
ta co (*)
( )
3 2 2
1 4tg x 3tg x tgx 1 tg x 0 + + =
( ) ( )
+ =
+ =
= =

= + = + ]
3 2
2
3tg x 3tg x tgx 1 0
tgx 1 3tg x 1 0
3
tgx 1 tgx
3
x k x k , k
4 6

( )
4 2 2 4
3cos x 4sin x cos x sin x 0 * + =
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Do cosx = 0 kho ng la nghie m ne n chia hai ve cu a (*) cho
4
cos x 0
Ta co : (*)
2 4
3 4tg x tg x 0 + =
= =

= = =

= + = + ]
2 2
tg x 1 tg x 3
tgx 1 tg tgx tg
4 3
x k x k , k
4 3

( ) sin2x 2tgx 3 * + =
Chia hai ve cu a (*) cho
2
cos x 0 ta c
(*)
2 2
2sinxcos x 2tgx 3
cos x cos x cos x
+ =
2

( ) ( )
2 2
2tgx 2tgx 1 tg x 3 1 tg x + + = +
3 2
t tgx
2t 3t 4t 3 0
=

+ =

( ) ( )
=
2
t tgx
t 1 2t t 3 0 =

=
= + ]
tgx 1
x k , k
4

( )
3
sin xsin2x sin3x 6cos x * + =
( )
2 3
* 2sin x cos x 3sin x 4sin x 6cos x + =
3

( ) = = Khi cos x 0 ( sin x 1) th * vo nghie m
Chia hai ve phng trnh (*) cho
3
cos x 0 ta c
( ) *
2 3
2 2
2sin x 3sinx 1 sin x
. 4
cos x cos x cos x cos x
+
3
6 =
( )
( ) ( )
+ + =
+ =
=
= = =
= + = + = ]
2 2 3
3 2
2
2tg x 3tgx 1 tg x 4tg x 6
tg x 2tg x 3tgx 6 0
tgx 2 tg x 3 0
tgx 2 tg tgx 3
x k x k , k ( v i tg
3
2)

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Ba i 132 : (e thi tuye n sinh a i ho c kho i A, na m 2003)
Gia i phng trnh
( )
2
cos2x 1
cot gx 1 sin x sin2x *
1 tgx 2
= +
+

ie u kie n s in2x 0 va tgx 1
Ta co :
( )
2 2
2 2
cos x cos x sin x
cos2x cos x sin x
sinx
1 tgx cos x sinx
1
cos x
= =
+ +
+

( ) ( ) = = + cos x cos x sin x do tgx 1 ne n, sin x cos x 0
Do o : ( ) ( )
2 2
cos x 1
* 1 cos x sinxcos x sin x sin2x
sinx 2
= +
( ) ( )
( )
=
=
= =
2
cos x sin x
1 sin2x
sin x
cos x sin x sin x cos x sin x
cos x sin x 0 hay 1 sin x cos x sin x (**)

( )
( )
=
2
2
tgx 1 nha n so v i tgx 1
1 sin x
tg x do cos x 0
cos x cos x

( )
( )

= +

+ =
= +
]
]
2
x k , k
4
2tg x tgx 1 0 vo nghie m
x k , k nha n do sin2x 0
4

Lu y : co the la m ca ch kha c
( ) ( )
1 1
* * 1 sin2x 1 cos2x
2 2
+ =0
= +

= +

3 sin2x cos 2x
3 2 sin 2x : vo nghie m
4

( ) sin3x cos 3x 2cos x 0 * + + =
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3
* 3sin x 4sin x 4cos x 3cos x 2cos x + + 0 =
=

3 3
3sinx 4sin x 4cos x cos x 0 +
V cosx = 0 kho ng la nghie m ne n chia hai ve phng trnh cho
ta c
3
cos x 0
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 2
* 3tgx 1 tg x 4tg x 4 1 tg x 0 + + + =
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( ) ( )
+ + =
=

+ =

+ =
= =

= + = + ]
3 2
3 2
2
tg x tg x 3tgx 3 0
t tgx
t t 3t 3 0
t tgx
t 1 t 3 0
tgx 1 tgx 3
x k x k , k
4 3

3
5sin4x. cos x
6sinx 2cos x *
2cos2x
=

ie u kie n :
2 2
cos2x 0 cos x sin x 0 tgx 1
Ta co : (*)
3
10sin2xcos2xcos x
6sinx 2cos x
2cos2x
cos2x 0

3
6sin x 2cos x 5sin2xcos x
tgx 1
=

( )
3 2
6sin x 2cos x 10sin xcos x * *
tgx 1
=

Do cosx = 0 kho ng la nghie m cu a (**), chia hai ve phng trnh (**) cho
ta c
3
cos x
( )
2
6tgx
2 10tgx
* *
cos x
tgx 1

( )
2
t tgx v i t 1
6t 1 t 2 10t
=

+ =

= =

= + + =

3 2
t tgx v i t 1 t tgx v i t 1
3t 2t 1 0 (t 1) (3t 3t 1) 0

=
t tgx v i t 1
: vo nghie m
t 1
( )
3
sin x 4sin x cos x 0 * + =

V cosx = 0 kho ng la nghie m ne n chia hai ve phng trnh cho cos
3
x th
( ) ( )
2 3 2
* tgx 1 tg x 4tg x 1 tg x + + + 0 =
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( ) ( )
=

+ + + =

+ + =
= + ]
3 2
2
t tgx
3t t t 1 0
t tgx
t 1 3t 2t 1 0
tgx 1
x k , k
4

( ) ( )
2 2
tgxsin x 2sin x 3 cos 2x sin x cos x * = +

Chia hai ve cu a phng trnh (*) cho cos
2
x
( )
( )
2 2
3 2
2
3 cos x sin x sin xcos x
* tg x 2tg x
cos x
+
=
( )
= +
3 2 2
tg x 2tg x 3 1 tg x tgx
( ) ( )
+ =
=

+ =

+ =
= =

= + = + ]
3 2
3 2
2
tg x tg x 3tgx 3 0
t tgx
t t 3t 3 0
t tgx
t 1 t 3 0
tgx 1 tgx 3
x k x k , k
4 3

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
4 6m sin x 3 2m 1 sin x 2 m 2 sin x cos x 4m 3 cos x 0 * + + =
b/ Tm m e phng trnh (*) co duy nha t mo t nghie m tre n 0,
4

Khi x
2
= + k th cosx = 0 va sinx 1 = ne n
(*) tha nh :
( ) ( ) 4 6m 3 2m 1 0 =
1 0 vo nghie m =
chia hai ve (*) cho
3
cos x 0 th
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2
* 4 6m tg x 3 2m 1 tgx 1 tg x 2 m 2 tg x 4m 3 1 tg x 0 + + + + =
2
)

( ) ( ) (
3 2
t tgx
t 2m 1 t 3 2m 1 t 4m 3 0 * *
=

+ + + =
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( ) ( )
2
t tgx
t 1 t 2mt 4m 3 0
=

+ =

a/ Khi m = 2 th (*) tha nh
( ) ( )
2
t tgx
t 1 t 4t 5 0
=
+ =
= = + ] tgx 1 x k , k
4

b/ Ta co : x 0,
4

th
[ ] tgx t 0,1 =
Xe t phng trnh :
( )
2
t 2mt 4m 3 0 2 + =
( )
2
t 3 2m t 2 =
2
t 3
2m
t 2
(do t = 2 kho ng la nghie m)

a t ( ) ( )
2
t 3
y f t C
t 2
= =
va (d) y = 2m
Ta co :
( )
( )
2
2
t 4t
y ' f t
t 2
+
= =
3

Do (**) luo n co nghie m t = 1
[ ] 0,1 tre n ye u ca u ba i toa n
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
=
d y 2m kho ng co ie mchung v i C
d ca t C ta i 1ie mduy nha t t 1

3
2m 2m 2
2
<
3
m m
4
< 1
Ca ch kha c :
Y C B T f(t) = ( )
2
t 2mt 4m 3 0 2 + = vo nghie m tre n [ . ) , 0 1
Ta co (2) co nghie m [ ]
( )
, ( ). ( )
( )
af
f f hay
af
S

0
0 0
0 1 0 1 0
1 0
0 1
2

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( ) ( )
m m
m
m m hay
m
m
+
>

>
2
4 3 0
4 3 0
4 3 2 2 0
2 2 0
0 1
m
3
1
4

Do o (2) vo nghie m tre n [ ) , ( m hay m hay f ) < >
3
0 1 1 1 0
4
=

3
m m
4
1 <

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BA I TA P

a/
3 2
cos x sinx 3sin xcos x 0 + =
b/
( ) ( )
2
sin x tgx 1 3sin x cos x sin x 3 + = +
c/
2
2cos x cos2x sinx 0 + + =
d/
3
2
3
1 cos x
tg x
1 sin x

e/
3 2 2 3
sin x 5sin xcos x 3sinxcos x 3cos x 0 + =
f/
3 2
cos x sinx 3sin xcos x 0 + =
g/ 1 tgx 2 2 sinx + =
h/
3 3
sin x cos x sinx cos x + =
k/
2 2
3tg x 4tgx 4cot gx 3cot g x 2 0 + + + + =
m/
( sin )
cos ( )
cos
x x
tg x tgx
x
+
+ =
2 2
2
3 1
3 8
4 2
0
n/
sinx cos x
1
sin2x
+
=

2. Cho phng trnh :
( ) ( )
2 2
sin x 2 m 1 sin x cos x m 1 cos x m + + =
a/ Tm m e phng trnh co nghie m
b/ Gia i phng trnh khi m = -2
[ ] ( )
S : m 2,1

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CHNG VII
PHNG TRNH L NG GIA C CH A CA N VA PHNG
TRNH L NG GIA C CH A GIA TR TUYE T O I

A) PHNG TRNH L NG GIA C CH A CA N

Ca ch gia i : A p du ng ca c co ng th c

A 0 B
A B
0
A B A

=

B = =

2
B 0
A B
A B

=

=

Ghi chu : Do theo phng trnh chnh ly a bo pha n ba t phng trnh l ng
gia c ne n ta x ly ie u kie n B ba ng phng pha p th la i va chu ng to i bo 0
ca c ba i toa n qua ph c ta p.

Ba i 138 : Gia i phng trnh ( ) 5cos x cos2x 2sin x 0 * + =

( ) * 5cos x cos2x 2sinx =

2
sin x 0
5cos x cos2x 4sin x

( ) (
2 2
sinx 0
5cos x 2cos x 1 4 1 cos x

)
=

2
sinx 0
2cos x 5cos x 3 0

( )
sinx 0
1
cos x cos x 3 loa i
2

= =

= +
= +
]
]
sin x 0
x k2 , k
3
x k2 , k
3

3 3 3 3
sin x cos x sin xcot gx cos xtgx 2sin2x + + + =

ie u kie n :
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cos x 0
sin2x 0
sin x 0 sin2x 0
sin2x 0
sin2x 0

>

Lu c o :
( )
3 3 2 2
* sin x cos x sin xcos x cos xsin x 2sin2x + + + =
( ) ( )
2 2
sin x sinx cos x cos x cos x sinx 2sin2x + + + =
( ) ( )
2 2
sin x cos x sin x cos x 2sin2x + + =
( )
2
sin x cos x 0
sinx cos x 2sin2x
+

+ =

( )
sin x 0
2 sin x 0
4
4
sin2x 1 nha n do sin2x 0 1 sin2x 2sin2x

+
+

= > + =

( )

+ +

= + = + = +

] ]
sin x 0 sin x 0
4 4
5
x k , k x m2 x m2 loa i , m
4 4 4

= + ] x m2 , m
4


+ =

2
1 8sin2x. cos 2x 2sin 3x *
4
+
Ta co : (*)
2 2
sin 3x 0
4
1 8sin2xcos 2x 4sin 3x
4

+

+ =

+

( )

+

+ + = +

sin 3x 0
4
1 4sin 2x 1 cos 4x 2 1 cos( 6x )
2

( ) (
sin 3x 0
4
1 4sin2x 2 sin6x sin2x 2 1 sin6x

+

+ + = +
)

+ +

= = + = +

]
sin 3x 0 sin 3x 0
4 4
1 5
sin2x x k x k , k
2 12 12

So la i v i ie u kie n sin 3x 0
4

+

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Khi x k th
12
= +
sin 3x sin 3k cos k
4 2

+ = + =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 , ne u k cha n nha n
1, ne u k le loa i

= +
5
Khi x k th
12

+ = + = +

3
sin 3x sin 3k sin k
4 2 2

( )
( )

=

1, ne u k cha n loa i
1, ne u k le nha n

Do o ( ) ( )

= + = + + ]
5
* x m2 x 2m 1 , m
12 12

1 sin2x 1 sin2x
4cos x *
sinx
+ +
=
Lu c o : ( ) * 1 sin2x 1 sin2x 2sin2x + + =
( hie n nhie n sinx = 0 kho ng la nghie m , v sinx =0 th VT = 2, VP = 0 )
2 2
2 2 1 sin 2x 4sin 2x
sin2x 0
+ =

2 2
1 sin 2x 2sin 2x 1
sin2x 0

2 4 2
2
1 sin 2x 4sin 2x 4sin 2x 1
1
sin 2x
2
sin2x 0
=
+

( )
2 2
sin 2x 4sin 2x 3 0
1
sin2x
2

= =
3 3
sin 2x sin 2x
2 2
2
sin 2x
2

3
sin2x
2
=

= + = + ]
2
2x k2 2x k2 , k
3 3

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= + = + ] x k x k , k
6 3

Chu y : Co the a ve phng trnh ch a gia tr tuye t o i
( )

+ + =
+ + =
sin x 0
*
cos x sin x cos x sin x 2sin 2x
cos x sin x cos x sin x 2sin 2x

Ba i 142 : Gia i phng trnh ( ) + + + = sin x 3 cos x sin x 3 cos x 2 *
a t
sin
3
t sin x 3 cos x sin x cos x
cos
3
= + = +

1
t sin x 2sin x
3 3
cos
3

= + = +

( ) + = * tha nh t t 2
=

= + + =

=
= =
2 2
t 2 t
2 t 0 t 2
t 4 4t t t 5t 4 0
t 2
t 1
t 1 t 4

Do o
( )
*

+ = + = + + = +

]
1 5
sin x x k2 hay x k2 , k
3 2 3 6 3 6

= + = + ] x k2 x k2 , k
6 2

( ) ( ) ( ) + + = + 3 tgx 1 sin x 2cos x 5 sin x 3cos x *
Chia hai ve cu a (*) cho cos x 0 ta c
( ) ( ) ( ) * 3 tgx 1 tgx 2 5 tgx 3 + + = +
a t u tgx 1 v i u = + 0
x

Th
2
u 1 tg =
(*) tha nh
( ) ( )
2 2
3u u 1 5 u 2 + = +
3 2
3u 5u 3u 10 0 + =
( ) ( )
2
u 2 3u u 5 0 + + =
( )
2
u 2 3u u 5 0 vo nghie m = + + =
Do o
( ) * tgx 1 2 + =
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tgx 1 4 + =
tgx 3 tg v i
2 2

= = < <

, x k k = + ]

( )
( )
1
1 cos x cos x cos2x sin4x *
2
+ =
( )
( )
* 1 cos x cos x cos2x sin2x cos2x + =

+
cos x 0
hay 1 cos x cos x sin2x
cos 2x 0
=

= +

+ =
]
2
cos x 0
cos x 0
hay sin 2x 0
2x k , k
2
1 2 (1 cos x)cosx sin 2x

= +

+ =
]
2
cos x 0
cos x 0
hay sin 2x 0
x k , k
4 2
1 2 (1 cos x)cosx sin 2x ( VT 1 VP)

= + = + =

]
2
cos x 0
cos x 0
sin 2x 0
hay
5
x h hay x h , h sin 2x 1
4 4
(1 cos x ) cos x 0

= +
= =

= = = = =

] x h , h
4
sin 2x 1 sin 2x 1
hay hay
cos x 0( sin 2x 0) cos x 1( sin x 0 sin 2x 0)

= + ] x h , h
4

Ba i 145 : Gia i phng trnh ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3
sin x 1 cot gx cos x 1 tgx 2 sinxcos x * + + + =
( )
3 3
sin x cos x cos x sin x
* sin x cos x 2 sin xcos
sin x cos x
+ +
+ =

x
( ) ( )
2 2
sin x cos x sin x cos x 2 sin xcos x + + =

sinx cos x 0
1 sin2x 2sin2x
+

+ =

+

+

=

= +
]
sin x 0
sin x cos x 0
4
sin 2x 1
x k , k
4

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+

+ = +
]
sin x 0
4
x k , k
4 2

+

+ = + + = +
]
sin x 0
4
3
x h2 hay x h2 , h
4 2 4 2

= + ] x h2 , h
4

Ba i 146 : Gia i phng trnh ( ) cos2x 1 sin2x 2 sinx cos x * + + = +
ie u kie n cos2x 0va sin x 0
4

+

Lu c o : ( ) ( )
2
2 2
* cos x sin x cos x sin x 2 cos x sin x + + = +
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
cos x sin x cos x sin x 2 cos2x cos x sin x + + + +

( ) 4 sin x cos x = +
( ) ( ) ( ) cos x cos x sin x sin x cos x cos2x 2 sinx cos x + + + = +
sin x cos x 0
cos x cos2x 2
+ =

+ =

( )
tgx 1
cos2x 2 cos x * *
=

2
tgx 1
cos2x 4 4cos x cos x
=

= +

2
tgx 1 cos x 4cos x 5 0 = + =
( ) tgx 1 cos x 1 cos x 5 loa i = = =
= + = ] x k x k2 , k
4

Th la i : ( )

= + = =

x k th cos2x cos 0 nha n
4 2

Va ( ) sin x sink 0 nha n
4

+ = =

( ) = = x k2 th cos 2x 1 nha n
va ( ) cos x cos 0 nha n
4 4

+ = >

Do o (*)
= + = ] x k x k2 , k
4

Chu y : Ta i (**) co the du ng phng trnh l ng gia c kho ng m c
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( )
cos x cos2x 2
* *
sin x cos x 0
+ =

2
cos x 1
cos2x 2cos x 1 1
sin x cos x 0
=
=

=
=
]
cos x 1
x 2k , k
sin x cos x 0

Ca ch kha c
( ) ( )
2
2 2
* cos x sin x cos x sin x 2 cos x sin x + + = +
( ) + + + = +
2
(cos x sin x).(cos x sin x ) cos x sin x 2 cos x sin x
( )
+ >
+ =

+ + =
cos x sin x 0
cos x sin x 0 hay
cos x sin x cos x sin x 2

+ >
=

+ =
cos x sin x 0
tgx 1 hay
2cos x 2 cos 2x 4

+ >
=

+ =
cos x sin x 0
tgx 1 hay
cos x cos 2x 2

=
= +

=
]
cos x 1
x k , k hay
cos 2x 1 4

= + x k hay = ] x 2k , k
4

( nha n xe t: khi cosx =1 th sinx = 0 va sinx + cosx = 1 > 0 )

BA I TA P
1. Gia i phng trnh :
a/ 1 sinx cos x 0 + + =
b/
2
2
4x
cos cos x
3
0
1 tg x

c/ sin x 3 cos x 2 cos2x 3 sin2x + = + +
d/
2
sin x 2sin x 2 2sin x 1 + =
e/ =
3tgx
2 3sin x 3
2 sin x 1

f/
2 4
sin 2x cos 2x 1
0
sincos x
+
=
g/ + + =
2
8cos 4x cos 2x 1 cos 3x 1 0
h/
2
sinx sinx sin x cos x 1 + + + =
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k/
2
5 3sin x 4cos x 1 2cos x =
l/
2
cos 2x cos x 1 tgx = +
2. Cho phng trnh :
( ) 1 sin x 1 sin x mcos x 1 + + =
b/ Gia i va bie n lua n theo m phng trnh (1)
3. Cho f(x) = 3cos
6
2x + sin
4
2x + cos4x m
a/ Gia i phng trnh f(x) = 0 khi m = 0
b/ Cho ( )
2 2
g x 2cos 2x 3cos 2x 1 = + . Tm ta t ca ca c gia tr m e phng
trnh f(x) = g(x) co nghie m.
( ) S : 1 m 0
4. Tm m e phng trnh sau co nghie m
1 2cos x 1 2sinx m + + + =

( )
S : 1 3 m 2 1 2 + +
B) PHNG TRNH L NG GIA C CH A CA C TR TUYE T O I

Ca ch gia i : 1/ M gia tr tuye t o i ba ng nh ngha
2/ A p du ng
A B A = = B

=

<
= = =

2 2
B 0 B 0 A 0 A 0
A B
=
A B A B A B A B

Ba i 147 : Gia i phng trnh ( ) cos3x 1 3sin3x * =
( )
2 2
1 3sin3x 0
*
cos 3x 1 2 3sin3x 3sin 3x

= +
= +
2 2
1
sin 3x
3
1 sin 3x 1 2 3 sin 3x 3sin 3x

2
1
sin 3x
3
4sin 3x 2 3 sin 3x 0

= =
1
sin 3x
3
3
sin 3x 0 sin 3x
2

=
= ]
sin3x 0
k
x , k
3

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( ) 3sin x 2 cos x 2 0 * + =
( ) * 2 cos x 2 3sin = x

2 2
2 3sinx 0
4cos x 4 12sin x 9sin x

= +

( )
= +
2 2
2
sin x
3
4 1 sin x 4 12sin x 9sin x

2
2
sin x
3
13sin x 12sin x 0

= =
2
sin x
3
12
sin x 0 sin x
13

=
= ]
sin x 0
x k , k

( ) sin x cos x sin x cos x 1 * + + =
a t t sin x cos x 2 sin x
4

= + = +

V i ie u kie n : 0 t 2
Th
2
t 1 2sinxcos = + x
Do o (*) tha nh :
2
t 1
t 1
2
+ =
( )
2
t 2t 3 0
t 1 t 3 loa i
+ =
= =

Va y
( )
*
2
1 1 2sinxcos = + x
=
= ]
sin2x 0
k
x , k
2

( ) sin x cos x 2sin2x 1 * + =
a t
( )
t sin x cos x ie u kie n0 t 2 =
Th
2
t 1 sin2 = x
( ) ( )
2
* tha nh: t 2 1 t 1 + =
( )
2
2t t 1 0
1
t 1 t loa i doie u kie n
2
=
= =

khi t = 1 th
2
1 1 sin2 = x
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=
= ]
sin2x 0
k
x , k
2

Ba i 151 : Gia i phung trnh
( )
4 4
sin x cos x sin x cos x * = +
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
* sin x cos x sin x cos x sin x cos x + = +
cos 2x sin x cos x = +

2
cos2x 0
cos 2x 1 2 sin x cos x

= +

2
cos2x 0
1 sin 2x 1 sin2x

= +

2
cos2x 0
sin2x sin 2x

cos2x 0
sin2x 0

2
cos2x 0
cos2x 1
cos 2x 1

= + ] x k , k
2

2
3sin2x 2cos x 2 2 2cos2x * = +
Ta co : ( ) ( )
2 2
* 2 3 sin xcos x 2cos x 2 2 2 2cos x 1 = +

3 1
cos x sinx cos x cos x
2 2

=
cos x.sin x cos x
6

=

cos x 0 cos x 0
cos x 0
sin x 1 sin x 1
6 6
> <

=

=

=

> <

=

= + = +

] ]
cos x 0 cos x 0
cos x 0
x k2 , k x k2 , k
6 2 6 2

> <

= +

= + = +

]
] ]
cos x 0 cos x 0
x k , k
2
2 x k2 , k x k2 , k
3 3

= + ] x k , k
2

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Ba i 153 : Tm ca c nghie m tre n
( ) 0, 2 cu a phng trnh :
( )
sin3x sinx
sin2x cos2x *
1 cos2x
= +

Ta co : ( )
2cos2xsin x
* 2 co
4 2 sin x
s 2x

=

ie u kie n : si nx 0 x k
( ) Khi x 0, th sin x 0ne n : >
( ) * 2 cos2x 2 cos 2x
4

=

( )

= +

= +

= +

= =
]
]
]
2x 2x k2 , k
4
4x k2 , k
4
k
x , k
16 2
9
Do x 0, ne n x hay x
16 16

Khi
( ) x , 2 th sinx < 0 ne n :
( )
( )
( )

=

=

= +
= +

= +
]
]
]
* cos 2x cos 2x
4
cos 2x cos 2x
4
2x 2x k2 , k
4
5
4x k2 , k
4
5 k
x , k
16 2

Do
( ) x , 2

= =
21 29
ne n x x
16 16

Ba i 154 Cho phng trnh :
6 6
sin x cos x a sin2x (*) + =
Tm a sao cho phng trnh co nghie m.

Ta co :

( ) ( )
( )
+ = + +
= +
=
6 6 2 2 4 2 2 4
2
2 2 2 2
2
sin x cos x sin x cos x sin x sin x cos x cos x
sin x cos x 3sin x cos x
3
1 sin 2x
4

a t t = sin2x ie u kie n 0 t 1
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th (*) tha nh : ( ) =
2
3
1 t at * *
4

1 3
t a
t 4
= (do t = 0 th (**) vo nghie m)
Xe t ( ]
= =
1 3
y t tre n D
t 4
0, 1
th
2
1 3
y' 0
t 4
= <

Do o : (*) co nghie m
1
a
4

Ba i 155 Cho phng trnh ( ) = +
2
cos 2x mcos x 1 tgx *
Tm m e phng trnh co nghie m tre n 0,
3

a t t = tgx th
Va y : (*) tha nh: ( )
2
1 t m 1 t * * = + (chia 2 ve cho )
2
cos 0
Khi 0 x
3
th t 0, 3

Va y (**)
( ) ( )
( )
2
1 t 1 t
1 t
m 1
1 t 1 t
+
= = = +
+ +
t 1 t
Xe t ( ) y 1 t 1 t tre n 0, 3

= +

Ta co
( ) ( ) ( ) + +
= + + =
+ +

= <

+
1 t 2 1 t 1 t
y ' 1 t
2 1 t 2 1 t
3t 1
y ' 0 t 0, 3
2 1 t

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Do o : (*) co nghie m tre n 0,
3

( )
1 3 1 3 m 1 +

BA I TA P

1. Gia i ca c phng trnh
2
2
a/ sin x cox 1 4sin2x
b/ 4sinx 3 cos x 3
1
c/ tgx cot gx
cos x
1 1 1 1 3cos
d/ 2 2
sin x 1 cos x 1 cos x sin x
1
e/ cot gx tgx
sin x
f/ 2cos x sin x 1
1 cos x 1 cos x
g/ 4sin x
cos x
1 cos2x 1
h/ 2 cos x
sinx 2
m/ cos2x 1
=
+ =
= +
+
+ =

+

= +
=
+ +
=

=

+ +
x
3 3
2
sin x cos x
sin2x
2
n/ cos x sin3x 0
1
r/ cot gx tgx
sinx
s/ cos x 2sin2x cos3x 1 2sin x cos2x
tg x 1
o/ tgx 1
tgx 1 tgx 1
p/ sin x cos x sinx cos x 2
+
=
+ =
= +
+ = +
= + +

+ + =

2. sin x cos x a sin2x 1 + + =
Tm tham so a dng sao cho phng trnh co nghie m
3. Cho phng trnh: sin x cos x 4sin2x m + =
b/ Tm m e phng trnh co nghie m (S
65
2 4 m
16
)

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CHNG VIII

PHNG TRNH L NG GIA C KHO NG MA U M C
Tr ng h p 1: TO NG HAI SO KHO NG A M

A p du ng Ne u
A 0 B 0
A B 0

+ =
th A = B = 0

Ba i 156 Gia i phng trnh:

2 2
4cos x 3tg x 4 3 cos x 2 3tgx 4 0 (*) + + + =

Ta co :
( ) ( )
+ +

= +
= +
2 2
(*) 2cos x 3 3tgx 1 0
3
cos x
2
1
tgx
3
x k2 , k
6
1
tgx
3
x k2 , k
6
=

( )
2
8cos4x. cos 2x 1 cos3x 1 0 * + + =

Ta co : ( ) ( ) + + + * 4 cos 4x 1 cos 4x 1 1 cos 3x 0 =
( )
( )
+ + +
+ + =

= =

= =

2
2
4 cos 4x 4 cos 4x 1 1 cos 3x 0
2cos 4x 1 1 cos 3x 0
1 1
cos 4x cos 4x
2 2
cos 3x 1 3x k2 , k
=

1
cos 4x
2
k2
x , k (co 3 a u ngo n cung)
3

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= = = +
= +
1
cos 4x
2
2 2
x +m2 hay x m2 hay x m2 , m
3 3
2
x m2 , m
3

(ta nha n = k 1 va loa i k = 0 )


( ) ( )
2
2 3 3
sin 3x
sin x cos3xsin x sin3xcos x sinxsin 3x *
3sin4x
+ + =
2

Ta co :
3 3
cos3x.sin 3x sin3x.cos x +
( ) ( )
( )
= +
= + =
= =
3 3 3 3
3 3 2
4 cos x 3cos x sin x 3sin x 4 sin x cos x
3cos x sin x 3sin x cos x 3sin x cos x cos x sin x
3 3
sin 2x. cos 2x sin 4x
2 4
2

( )
( )
+ =

+ =

+ =

2 2 2
2
2 4 2
2
2 2 2
1
Va y: * sin x sin 3x sin x sin 3x va sin4x 0
4
1 1 1
sin 3x sin x sin 3x sin 3x 0 va sin 4x 0
2 4 4
1 1
sin 3x sin x sin 3x 1 sin 3x 0 va sin4x 0
2 4

+ =

= =
2
2 2
2
1 1
sin 3x sin x sin 6x 0 va sin4x 0
2 16
sin4x 0
1
sin 3x sin x
2
sin3x 0 cos 3x 0

= =

=
sin 4x 0
sin 4x 0
1
sin 3x 0 sin x
2
sin x 0(VN)
sin 3x 1

3
sin 4x 0
1
sin x
2
3sin x 4sin x 1

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= + +

= + = +
sin4x 0
1
sin x
2
sin4x 0
5
x k2 k2 , k
6 6
5
x k2 x k2 , k
6 6

Tr ng h p 2 Phng pha p o i la p
Ne u
A M B
A B

th A B M = =
Ba i 159 Gia i phng trnh: = +
4 4
sin x cos x sin x cos x (*)

Ta co : (*) = +
2 2
sin x cos x sin x cos x

= +

= +

= = =

= +
2
2
cos 2x sin x cos x
cos 2x 0
cos 2x 1 2 sin x cos x
cos 2x 0
cos 2x 0
sin 2x 0 (cos 2x 1) sin 2x 2 sin 2x
cos 2x 1
x k , k
2

Ca ch kha c
Ta co +
4 4 4
in x cos x sin x sin x sin x cos x s
Do o
=
4
cos x 0
(*) cos x 0
sin x sin x
=

= + x k , k
2

2
cos2x cos4x 6 2sin3x (*) = +

Ta co : (*)
2 2
4sin 3x.sin x 6 2sin3x = +
Do: va
2
sin 3x 1
2
sin x 1
ne n
2 2
4sin 3xsin x 4
Do ne n 6 2 sin3x 1 sin3x 4 +
Va y
2 2
4sin 3xsin x 4 6 2sin3x +
Da u = cu a phng trnh (*) u ng khi va ch khi
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=
=
=

=

=
2
2
2
sin 3x 1
sin x 1
sin x 1
sin 3x 1
sin 3x 1

= +
= +
x k2 , k
x k2 , k
2
2
sin3x 1

3 3
cos x sin x
2cos2x(*)
sinx cos x
=
+

ie u kie n: sin x 0 cos x 0
Ta co : (*)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
cos x sin x 1 sin xcos x 2 cos x sin x sin x cos x + = +

( )
( )
=

+ = + +
cos x sin x 0 (1)

1 sin x cos x 2 cos x sin x sin x cos x (2)

Ta co : (1) i

= = + tgx 1 x k , k
4

i Xe t (2)
Ta co : khi th sinx 0
2
sin x sin x sin x
Tng t
2
cos x cos x cos x
Va y si va nx cos x 1 + sinx cos x 1 +
Suy ra ve pha i cu a (2) th 2
Ma ve tra i cu a (2):
1 3
1 sin2x
2 2
+
Do o (2) vo nghie m
Va y: (*)
= + x k , k
4

Ba i 162: Gia i phng trnh: 3 cos x cos x 1 2(*) + =

Ta co : (*) 3 cos x 2 cos x 1 = + +

( )
3 cos x 5 cos x 4 cos x 1
2 cos x 1 4 cos x 1
= + + +
+ = +

Ta co :
( ) 2 cos x 1 0 x +
ma 4 cos x 1 0 x +
Do o da u = cu a (*) xa y ra cos x 1 =
= + x k2 , k

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( )
2 2
cos3x 2 cos 3x 2 1 sin 2x (*) + = +

Do ba t a ng th c Bunhiaco pski:

2 2 2 2
AX BY A B . X Y + + +
ne n:
( )
2 2 2
1cos3x 1 2 cos 3x 2. cos 3x 2 cos 3x 2 + + =
Da u = xa y ra
2
cos 3x 2 cos 3x =

2 2
cos3x 0
cos 3x 2 cos 3x
cos3x 0
cos3x 1
cos3x 1

=
Ma t kha c:
( )
2
2 1 sin 2x 2 +
da u = xa y ra sin2x 0 =
Va y:
( )
2 2
cos3x 2 cos 3x 2 2 1 sin 2x + +
da u = cu a (*) ch xa y ra khi:

= =
=
cos 3x 1 sin 2x 0
cos 3x 1
k
x , k ( co 4a u ngo ncun
2
x 2m , m
g )

2 2 5
tg x cotg x 2sin x (*)
4

+ = +

ie u kie n: sin2x 0
Do ba t a ng th c Cauchy:
2 2
tg x cotg x 2 +
da u = xa y ra khi tgx cotgx =
Ma t kha c: sin x 1
4

+

ne n
5
2sin x 2
4

+

da u = xa y ra khi sin x 1
4

+ =

Do o :
2 2 5
tg x cotg x 2 2sin x
4

+ +

Da u = cu a (*) xa y ra
tgx cotgx
sin x 1
4
=

+ =

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=

= +
= +
2
tg x 1
x k2 , k
4
x k2 , k
4

Tr ng h p 3:
A p du ng: Ne u
A M va B M A M
th
A B M N B N

+ = + =

=

=
+ =

=
sin u 1
sinu sin v 2
sin v 1

=
=

=
sin u 1
sin u sin v 2
sin v 1

=
+ =

=
sinu 1
sinu sin v 2
sin v 1

Tng t cho ca c tr ng h p sau
= = sinu cos v 2 ; cos u cos v 2

3x
cos2x cos 2 0 *
4
+ =
Ta co : ( )
3x
* cos2x cos
4
+ 2 =
3x
Do cos2x 1 va cos 1
4

ne n da u = cu a (*) ch xa y ra
( )
= =

=

= =

= =
= =
x k , k cos 2x 1
x 8m , m
8h 3x
x , h cos 1
3 4
8h 8h
Do : k k
3 3
e k nguye n ta cho n h 3m m ( th k 8m)

Ca ch kha c
= =

=

= =

cos 2x 1 x k , k
x 8m , m
3x 3k
cos 1 cos 1
4 4

( ) cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x cos x. cos 2x. cos 3x 2 * + + = +

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( )
2
cos2x cos4x cos6x 2cos3xcos x 2cos 3x 1
2cos3x cos x cos3x 1
4cos3x. cos2x. cos x 1
+ + = +
= +
=

Va y: ( )
1
cos3x. cos2x. cos x cos2x 6cos4x cos6x 1
4
= + + +
Do o :
( ) ( )
( )
+ + = + + +
+ + =
1 9
* cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x cos2x cos 4x cos6x
4 4
3 9
cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x
4 4

+ + =
= =

= =

= =

cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x 3

cos 2x 1 2x k2 , k (1)
cos 4x 1 cos 4x 1 (2)
cos 6x 1 cos 6x 1 (3)

= = 2x k2 , k x k , k
( The (1) va o (2) va (3) ta tha y hie n nhie n tho a)
( ) cos2x 3sin2x 3sinx cos x 4 0 * + =

Ta co :
( )

= + + +

1 3 3 1
* 2 cos2x sin2x sinx cos x
2 2 2 2

= + +

2 sin 2x sin x
6 6

=
= +

+ = + + =

= +

= +
= +
sin 2x 1
2x k2 , k
6
6 2
x h2 , h sin x 1
6 2 6
x k , k
3
x h , h
3
x h2 , h
3

Ca ch kha c

=
=

+ = + = +

sin 2x 1
sin 2x 1
6
6
( *)
sin x 1 x h2 , h
6 6 2

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=

= +
= +
sin 2x 1
6
x h , h
3
x h2 , h
3

( ) 4cos x 2cos 2x cos 4x 1 * =

Ta co : ( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
* 4cos x 2 2cos x 1 1 2sin 2x 1 =
+ =
= + =
2 2 2
2
4cosx 4 cos x 8sin x cos x 0
cos x 0 hay 1 cos x 2sin x cos x 0

( )
= + =
= =
2
cos x 0hay 1 cos x 2sin x 1 0
cos x 0 hay 1 cos x cos 2x 0( * *)

( ) = + =
= + =
1
cos x 0 hay 1 cos 3x cos x 0
2
cos x 0 cos 3x cos x 2

=
=

=
cos 3x 1
cos x 0
cos x 1

=
=

=
= =
= + =
3
cos x 1
cos x 0
4 cos x 3cos x 1
cos x 0 cos x 1
x k x k2 , k
2

Ca ch kha c
= = ( * *) cos x 0 hay cos x cos 2x 1

= =
=

= =

cos x 1 cos x 1
cos x 0
cos 2x 1 cos 2x 1

= = +
= +

= =

x k2 , k x k2 , k ( loa i
x k , k
cos 2x 1 cos 2x 1 2
)

= + = x k x k2 , k
2

( )
1
tg2x tg3x 0 *
sinxcos2xcos3x
+ + =

ie u kie n: sin2xcos2xcos3x 0
Lu c o :
( ) + +
sin2x sin3x 1
* 0
cos2x cos3x sinx.cos2x. cos3x
=
+ =
=

( )
+
+ +
sin2xsinxcos3x sin3xsinx. cos2x 1 0
sinx sin2xcos3x sin3xcos2x 1 0
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( )
=
=
=
= =
=
=

=

=
=

3 3
2
sinx.sin5x 1
1
cos6x cos4x 1
2
cos6x cos4x 2
t cos2x t cos2x
cos6x 1
4t 3t 1 4t 3t 1
cos4x 1
t 0
2t 1 1
=

Do o : (*) vo nghie m.
Ca ch kha c
= =
=

= =

sin x 1 sin x 1
sin x. sin5x 1 hay
sin5x 1 sin5x 1

= + = +

= =

x k2 , k x k2 , k
hay
2 2
sin5x 1 sin5x 1

x

( )
2 2
cos 3x. cos 2x cos x 0 * =

Ta co : ( ) ( ) ( ) + +
1 1
* 1 cos6x cos2x 1 cos2x 0
2 2
=

( )
=
+ =
+ =
=
=
=
2
2
cos 6x cos 2x 1
1
cos 8x cos 4x 1
2
cos 8x cos 4x 2
cos 8x 1
cos 4x 1
2cos 4x 1 1
cos 4x 1
cos 4x 1
cos 4x 1
cos 4x 1
4x k2 , k
k
x , k
2

Ca ch kha c
= cos 6x cos 2x 1
= =

= =

cos 2x 1 cos 2x 1
hay
cos 6x 1 cos 6x 1

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= = +

= =

2x k2 , k 2x k2 , k
hay
cos 6x 1 cos 6x 1

=
k
x , k
2

Ca ch kha c
= =

= =

cos 8x 1 cos 8x 1
cos 4x 1 4x k2 , k

=
k
x , k
2

Tr ng h p 4: DU NG KHA O SA T HA M SO
y = a
x
la ha m gia m khi 0< a <1.
Do o ta co

sin sin , ,
cos s , ,
m n
m n
x x n m x k k
x co x n m x k k

< > +
< > +
2
2

sin sin ,
cos s ,
m n
m n
x x n m x
x co x n m x

2
x
1 cos x
2
= *
Ta co : ( )
2
x
* 1 cos
2
= + x
Xe t
2
x
y cos x tre n
2
= + R
Ta co : y' x sinx =
va y'' 1 cos x 0 x R =
Do o y(x) la ha m o ng bie n tre n R
Va y
( ) ( ) ( ) x 0, : x 0 ne n y ' x y ' 0 > > = 0

( ) ( ) ( ) x , 0 : x 0 ne n y ' x y ' 0 < < = 0
Do o :

Va y :
2
x
y cos x 1 x
2
= + R
Da u = cu a (*) ch xa y ra ta i x = 0
Do o
( ) * x 0 =
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sin sin sin sin x x x + = +
4 6 8 10
x (*)
Ta co

sin sin
sin sin
2
2
va da u=xa y ra khi va ch khi sin x = 1hay sinx =0
va da u=xa y ra khi va ch khi sin x = 1 hay sinx =0
x x
x x

4 8
6 10
sin
2
x = 1 sinx = 0
x = , k x k k
+ = 2 2
2

Ca ch kha c
(*) sin sin sin sin x hay x x x = + = +
4 2 4 6
0 1
sin sin x hay x =
2
0 1 =

BA I TA P
Gia i ca c phng trnh sau
( )
+ =

= +

+ =
2 3
2 2 2
1. lg sin x 1 sin x 0
2. sin4x cos 4x 1 4 2 sin x
4
1
3. sin x sin 3x sin x. sin 3x
4

( )
=
+ = +
= +
sin x
2
4. cos x
5. 2cos x 2 sin10x 3 2 2cos 28x. sin x
6. cos 4x cos 2x 5 sin 3x

( )
( ) (
( ) ( )
+ =
+ +
+ =
=
a 2
7. sin x cos x 2 2 sin 3x
8. sin3x cos 2x 2sin3x cos 3x 1 sin2x 2cos 3x 0
9. tgx tg2x sin3x cos 2x
10. 2log cot gx log cos x
) =

( )

=

+ =
+ +
sinx
13 14
11. 2 cos x v i x 0,
2
12. cos x sin x 1
13. cos 2x cos 6x 4 sin 2x 1 0 =

( ) + =
+ =
+ +
3 3 4
2 2
14. sin x cos x 2 2 cos 3x
15. sin x cos x 2 sin x
16. cos x 4 cos x 2x sin x x 3 0 =

+ = +
+ +
sinx 2
2 2
17. 2 sin x sin x cos x
18. 3cot g x 4 cos x 2 3 cot gx 4 cos x 2 0 =

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CHNG IX
HE PHNG TRNH L NG GIA C

I. GIA I HE BA NG PHE P THE

Ba i 173: Gia i he phng trnh:
( )
( )
2cos x 1 0 1
3
sin2x 2
2
=

Ta co : ( )
1
1 cos x
2
=
( ) x k2 k
3
= + Z
V i x k
3
2
= + thay va o (2), ta c
2 3
sin2x sin k4
3 2

= + =

V i x k
3
= + 2 thay va o (2), ta c

2 3
sin2x sin k4
3 2

= + =

3
2
(loa i)
Do o nghie m ca he la : 2 ,
3
= + x k k

sinx siny 1
x y
3
+ =

+ =

Ca ch 1:
He a cho
x y x y
2sin . cos 1
2 2
x y
3
+
=
+ =

= =

+ = + =

x y x y
2.sin . cos 1 cos 1
6 2 2
x y x y
3 3

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4 2
2
3
3

= =

+ =

+ =

x y
x y k k
x y
x y
( )
2
6
2
6

= +
x k
k Z
y k

Ca ch 2:
He a cho

3 3
3 1
sin sin 1
cos sin 1
3
2 2
3
3
sin 1 2
3 3 2
2
6
2
6

= =

+ =
+ =

=
=

+ = + = +

= +
y x y x
x x
x x
y x
y x
x x k
x k
k
y k

sin x sin y 2 (1)
cos x cos y 2 (2)
+ =
+ =

Ca ch 1:
He a cho
x y x y
2sin cos 2 (1)
2 2
x y x y
2cos cos 2 (2)
2 2
+
=

La y (1) chia cho (2) ta c:

+
=

x y x y
tg 1 ( do cos 0
2 2
= kho ng la nghie m cu a (1) va (2) )

2 4
2 2
2 2
+
= +

+ = + = +
x y
k
x y k y x k

thay va o (1) ta c: sin x sin x k2 2
2

+ + =

sin x cos x 2 + =
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2 cos 2
4
2 ,
4

=

=
x
x h h

Do o : he a cho
( )
2 ,
4
2 , ,
4

= +
= +
x h h
y k h k h

Ca ch 2: Ta co
A B A C B
C D A C B D
= + =

= =

D +

He a cho
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
+ =

+ + =

+ =

+ + + =

sin x cos x sin y cos y 0
sin x cos x sin y cos y 2 2
2 sin x 2 sin y 0
4 4
2 sin x 2 sin y 2 2
4 4
sin sin 0
4 4
sin sin 0
4 4
sin 1
4
sin sin 2
4 4
sin 1
4
2
4 2
2
4 2
sin sin 0
4 4
x y
x y
x
x y
y
x k
y h
x y

+ =

+ =

+ =

+ + + =

+ =

+ = +

+ = +

+ =

= +
= +
x k2
4
y h2 , h, k
4
Z

=
+ =
tgx tgy tgxtgy 1 (1)

cos 2y 3 cos 2x 1 (2)

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Ta co : tgx tgy 1 tgxtgy = +

( )
2
1 tgxtgy 0
tg x y 1
tgx tgy 0
1 tgxtgy 0
1 tg x 0 (VN)
+ =
=

=

+

+ =
( x y k k Z
4
= + ) , v i x, y k
2
+
x y k
4
= + + , v i x, y k
2
+
Thay va o (2) ta c: cos2y 3 cos 2y k2 1
2

+ + + =

cos 2 3s 2 1
3 1 1
s 2 cos 2 sin 2
2 2 2 6
y in y
in y y y
=

=

1
2
=

( )
5
2 2 2 2
6 6 6 6
y h hay y h h Z

= + = +
, ,
6 2
( lo ai) y h h hay y h h

= + = +
Do o :
He a cho
( )
( )
5
6
,
6
x k h
h k Z
y h

= + +
= +

Ba i 177: Gia i he phng trnh
3
3
cos x cos x sin y 0 (1)
sin x sin y cos x 0 (2)
+ =
+ =

La y (1) + (2) ta c:
3 3
sin x cos x 0 + =
3 3
3
sin x cos x
tg x 1
tgx 1
x k (k
4
=
=
=
= + Z)

Thay va o (1) ta c:
( )
3 2
sin y cos x cos x cos x 1 cos x = =
= =
2
1
cos x. sin x sin2x sin x
2

= +

1
sin sin k
2 2 4

= +

1
sin k
2 4

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2
(ne u k cha n)
4
2
(ne u k le )
4

a t
2
sin
4
= (v i 0 2 < < )
Va y nghie m he
( )

= + = + +

= + = +

= + = + +

x 2m , m x 2m 1 , m
4 4
y h2 , h y 2h , h
y h2 , h y h2 , h

II. GIA I HE BA NG PHNG PHA P CO NG

( )
( )
1
sinx. cos y 1
2
tgx.cotgy 1 2

ie u kie n: cos x.siny 0
Ca ch 1: He a cho
( ) ( )
1 1
sin x y sin x y
2 2
sin x. cos y
1 0
cos x.sin y
+ + =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
+ + =

+ + =
sin x y sin x y 1
sin xcos y sin y cos x 0
sin x y sin x y 1
sin x y 0

( )
( )
+ =

+ = +
sin x y 1
sin x y 0
x y k2 , k
2
x y h , h

( )
( )

= + +
= +
x 2k h , k, h
4 2
y 2k h , k, h
4 2
(nha n do sin y cos x 0)

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Ca ch 2: ( )
sinxcos y
2 1
cos xsiny
= = sinxcos y cos xsiny

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) (
( ) ( ) (
1
sin cos 3
2
1
cos sin 4
2
sin 1 3 4
sin 0 3 4
The 1 va o 2 ta c:
x y
x y
x y
x y
+ = +
)
)

2 ,
2
,
x y k k
x y h h

+ = +

( )
( )
( )
2
4 2
,
2
4 2
x k h
h k Z
y k h

= + +
= +

III. GIA I HE BA NG A N PHU


( )
( )
2 3
1
3
2 3
cotg cotg 2
3
tgx tgy
x y
+ =
+ =

a t = = X tgx, Y tgy
He a cho tha nh:
2 3 2 3
X Y X Y
3 3
1 1 2 3 Y X 2 3
X Y 3 YX

+ = + =

+

+ = =

3

2
2 3
X Y 2 3
X Y 3
3
2 3
XY 1
X X 1 0
3
X 3 3
X
3
3
Y
Y 3
3
+ =
+ =

=
=

=
=

=

=

Do o :
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He a cho :
tgx 3 3
tgx
3
3
tgy
tgy 3
3

=
=

=

=

, ,
3 6
, ,
6 3

= + = +

= + = +

x k k x k k
y h h y h h

Ba i 180: Cho he phng trnh:
1
sinx siny
2
cos2x cos2y m
+ =
+ =

a/ Gia i he phng trnh khi
1
m
2
=
b/ Tm m e he co nghie m.

He a cho
( ) ( )
2 2
1
sin x sin y
2
1 2sin x 1 2sin y m
+ =
=

( )
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
2 2
2
1
sin x sin y
2
2 m
sin x sin y
2
1
sin x sin y
2
m
sin x sin y 2sin xsin y 1
2

+ =
1
sin x sin y
2
1 m
2sin xsin y 1
4 2
+ =
= +
1
sin x sin y
2
3 m
sin xsin y
8 4

a t X sin x, Y sin y v i X , Y 1 = =
th X, Y la nghie m cu a he phng trnh
( )
2
1 m 3
t t 0
2 4 8
+ = *
a/ ( ) =
1
Khi m th * thanh :
2

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=
=
= =
2
2
1 1
t t 0
2 2
2t t 1 0
1
t 1 t
2

Va y he a cho
sinx 1 1
sinx
2
1
siny
siny 1
2
=
=

=

=

2 , ( 1) ,
2 6
( 1) , 2 ,
6 2

= + = +

= + = +

h
h
x k k x h h
y h h y k k

b/ Ta co : ( )
2
m 1
* t
4 2
= + +
3
t
8

Xe t ( ) [ ]
2
1 3
y t t C tre nD 1,1
2 8
= + + =
th:
1
y' 2t
2
= +

1
y' 0 t
4
= =

He a cho co nghie m
( ) [ ] * co 2 nghie m tre n -1,1
( )
m
d y
4
= ca t (C) ta i 2 ie m hoc tip xc
[ ] tre n -1,1

1 m 7
8 4 16
1 7
m
2 4

Ca ch kha c
2
( ) 8 4 3 2 0 = + = ycbt f t t t m co 2 nghie m t
1
, t
2
tho a
1 2
1 1 t t
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/
28 16 0
(1) 1 2 0
( 1) 9 2 0
1
1 1
2 4
=
= +
= +
m
af m
af m
S
1 7
2 4
m

2
2
sin x mtgy m
tg y msinx m
+ =
+ =

a/ Gia i he khi m = -4
b/ V i gia tr na o cu a m th he co nghie m.

a t X sinx = v i X 1
Y tgy =
He tha nh:
( )
( )
2
2
X mY m 1
Y mX m 2
+ =
+ =

La y (1) (2) ta c:
( )
2 2
X Y m Y X 0 + =

( ) ( ) X Y X Y m 0
X Y Y m X
+ =
= =

He tha nh
( )
2 2
= =

+ = + =

Y m X X Y
hay
X m m X m X mX m

( ) ( )
2 2 2
X Y Y m X
X mX m 0 * X mX m m 0 * *
= =

+ = + =

a/Khi m = -4 ta c he

( )
( )
2 2
Y 4 X X Y
X 4X 20 0 vo nghie m X 4X 4 0
X 2 loa i do X 1
Y 2
= =

+ + = + =

=

Va y he a cho vo nghie m khi m = 4.
b/ Ta co (*)
2
X mX m 0 v i X 1 + =

( )
( )
2
2
X m 1 X
X
m do mkho ng la nghie mcu a *
1 X
=
=

Xe t
[ )
( )
2 2
2
X X 2X
Z tre n 1,1 Z'
1 X
1 X
+
= =

;
Z' 0 X 0 X 2 = = =
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Do o he
( )
2
X Y X 1
X mX m 0
=
+ =
co nghie m m 0
Xe t (**):
2 2
X mX m m 0 + =
Ta co
( )
2 2 2
m 4 m m 3m 4m = = +

4
0 0 m
3

Ke t lua n: i Khi th (I) co nghie m ne n he a cho co nghie m m 0
Khi < th (I) vo nghie m ma (**) cu ng vo nghie m i m 0
(do < 0) ne n he a cho vo nghie m
Do o : He co nghie m m 0
Ca ch kha c
He co nghie m (*)hay = + =
2
f (X) X mX m 0
(**) co nghie m tre n [-1,1] = + =
2 2
g(X) X mX m m 0
( 1) (1) 0 f f
2
1
4 0
(1) 0
( 1) 0
1 1
2 2
m m
af
hay
af
m S
= +

hay ( 1) (1) 0 g g
2
2
2
2
3 4
( 1) 1 0
( 1) ( 1) 0
1 1
2 2
m m
ag m
hay
ag m
S m
= +
0
= +

1 2 0 m
2
1
4 0
1 2 0
2 2
m m
hay m
m
= +
hay m = 1 hay
4
0 m
3

m 0

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IV. HE KHO NG MA U M C


+

tgx cotgx =2sin y + (1)
4
tgy cotgy =2sin x - (2)
4

Ca ch 1:
Ta co :
2 2
sin cos sin cos 2
tg cotg =
cos sin sin cos sin2
+
+ + = =

Va y he a cho

= +

1
sin y (1)
sin2x 4
1
sin x (2)
sin2y 4

= +

1 sin2x sin y (1)
4
1 sin2y. sin x (2)
4

Ta co : (1)
= =

+ = + =

sin2x 1 sin2x 1
sin y 1 sin y 1
4 4

= + = +

= + = +

x k , k x k , k
4 4
3
y h2 , h y h2 , h
4 4

Thay

= +
= +
x k , k
4
y h2 , h
4
va o (2) ta c
sin2y.sin x sin .sink 0 1
4 2

= =

(loa i)
Thay

= +
= +
x k , k
4
3
y h2 , h
4
va o (2) ta c

= +

3
sin2y. sin x sin sin k
4 2 2

= + =

1 ( ne u k le )
sin k
2 1 ( ne u k cha n)

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Do o he co nghie m

( )
( )

= + +
= +
x 2m 1
4
m, h Z
3
y h2
4

Ca ch 2:
Do ba t a ng th c Cauchy
tgx cotgx 2 +
da u = xa y ra
1
tgx cotgx tgx=
tgx
=
tgx 1 =
Do o :
tgx+cotgx 2 2sin y
4

+

Da u = ta i (1) ch xa y ra khi
= =

+ = + =

= + = +

= + = +

tgx 1 tgx 1
sin y 1 sin y 1
4 4
x k , k x k , k
4 4
(I) (II)
3
y h2 , h y h2 , h
4 4

thay (I) va o (2):

+

tgy cotgy=2sin x -
4

ta tha y kho ng tho a 2 2sink 0 = =
thay (II) va o (2) ta tha y

= +

2 2sin k
2

ch tho a khi k le
Va y: he a cho
( )

= + +
= +
x 2m 1
4
, m, h
3
y 2h
4


( )
2
x y m (1)
2 cos2x cos2y 1 4cos m 0 (2)
=
+ =
Tm m e he phng trnh co nghie m.

He a cho
( ) ( )
2
x y m
4cos x y cos x y 1 4cos m
=

+ = +
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( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
=

+ + + =

+ + +

+ + + =
2
2 2
2 2
x y m
4 cos x y cos m 4 cos m 1 0
x y m
[2cos m cos x y ] 1 cos x y 0
x y m
[2cos m cos x y ] sin x y 0
=

( )
( )
+ =
+ =
x y m
cos x y 2cos m
sin x y 0

=
+ =

x y m
x y k , k
cos(k ) 2cos m
Do o he co nghie m

= + = +
2
m h2 m h2 , h
3 3

BA I TA P

1. Gia i ca c he phng trnh sau:
a/
2 2
sin x sin y 2 tgx tgy tgxtgy 1
f /
3sin2y 2 cos4x sin x sin y 2
+ = + + =

= + =

=
=

=
+ =

1
3
sin x sin y
sin x sin 2y
2
2
b / g /
1
1
cos x cos y
cos x cos 2y
2
2

( ) ( )
2
2
cos x y 2cos x y
2 cos x 1 cos y
c / h /
3
cos x. cos y
2 sin x sin y
4
1
sin x 7cos y sin xcos y
d / k /
4
5siny cos x 6
3tgx tgy
tgx tgy 1
sin x cos xcos y
e / l /
x y
tg tg 2 cos x sin xsin y
2 2
+ =
= +

=
=

= =

=
+ =
=

+ = =

2.Cho he phng trnh:
2
cos xcos y m 1
sin xsin y 4m 2m
= +
= +
a/ Gia i he khi
1
m
4
=
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b/ Tm m e he co nghie m

3 1
S m hay m=0
4 4

3. Tm a e he sau a y co nghie m duy nha t:

( )
+ =
+ = + +
2 2
2
y tg x 1
y 1 ax a sin x S a=2

4. Tm m e ca c he sau a y co nghie m.

3 2
3
cos x mcos y sin xcos y m
a / b /
sin y cos x m sin x mcos y
= =

= =

( )
S 1 m 2

+

1- 5 1 5
S m
2 2

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CHNG X:
HE TH C L NG TRONG TAM GIA C
I. NH LY HA M SIN VA COSIN
Cho ABC co a, b, c la n l t la ba ca nh o i die n cu a
mml
A, B, C, R la
ba n knh ng tro n ngoa i tie p ABC , S la die n tch ABC th

= = =
= + = +
= + = +
= + = +
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
a b c
2R
sin A sinB sinC
a b c 2bc cos A b c 4S.cotg
b a c 2ac cos B a c 4S.cotgB
c a b 2abcos C a b 4S.cotg
A
C

Ba i 184 Cho ABC . Ch ng minh:

2 2
A 2B a b bc = = +

Ta co : a
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
b bc 4R sin A 4R sin B 4R sinB.sinC = + = +

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
=
=
=
+ =
+ =
= + = >
= =
=
2 2
sin A sin B sin BsinC
1 1
1 cos 2A 1 cos 2B sin BsinC
2 2
cos 2B cos 2A 2sin BsinC
2sin B A sin B A 2sin BsinC
sin B A sin A B sin BsinC
sin A B sin B do sin A B sinC 0
A B B A B B loa i
A 2B

Ca ch kha c:
=
+ =
+ +
=
2 2
sin A sin B sin BsinC
(s in A sin B) (s in A sin B) sin BsinC
A B A B A B A B
2cos sin .2sin co s sin BsinC
2 2 2 2

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
+ =
= + = >
= =
=
sin B A sin A B sinBsinC
sin A B sinB do sin A B sinC 0
A B B A B B loa i
A 2B

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Ba i 185: Cho ABC . Ch ng minh:
( )
2 2
2
sin A B
a b
sinC c

=

Ta co

=
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
a b 4R sin A 4R sin B
c 4R sin C

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

= =
+
= =
+
= =
+ = >
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
1 1
1 cos 2A 1 cos 2B
sin A sin B
2 2
sin C sin C
2sin A B sin B A
cos 2B cos 2A
2sin C 2sin C
sin A B . sin A B sin A B
sinC sin C
do sin A B sinC 0

Ba i 186: Cho ABC bie t ra ng
A B 1
tg tg
2 2 3
=
Ch ng minh a b 2c + =

Ta co : = =
A B 1 A B A B
tg tg 3sin sin cos cos
2 2 3 2 2 2 2

A B
do cos 0, cos 0
2 2

> >

( )
A B A B A
2sin sin cos cos sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B A B A B
cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B A B
cos 2cos *
2 2
=
+ +
=

+
=
B

Ma t kha c:
( ) a b 2R sin A sinB + = +
( ) ( )
( )
+
=
+ +
=
= +
= =
A B A B
4Rsin cos
2 2
A B A B
8Rsin cos do *
2 2
4Rsin A B
4RsinC 2c

Ca ch kha c:
( )
+ =
+ =
a b 2c
2R sin A sinB 4RsinC

+
=
+ +
= = =

A B A B C C
2sin cos 4 sin cos
2 2 2 2
A B C A B A B
cos 2sin 2cos do sin cos
2 2 2 2
C
2

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+ =
=
A B A B A B A
cos cos sin sin 2cos cos 2sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B A B
3sin sin cos cos
2 2 2 2
B
2

=
A B 1
tg tg
2 2 3

Ba i 187: Cho ABC , ch ng minh ne u c ta o mo t ca p so otgA, cotgB, cotgC
co ng th cu ng la ca p so co ng.
2 2 2
a , b , c

Ta co :
( ) + = cot gA, cot gB, cot gCla ca p so co ng cot gA cot gC 2cot gB *
Ca ch 1:
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
[ ]
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
sin A C
2cosB
Ta co : * sin B 2sinAsinCcosB
sin AsinC sinB
sin B cos A C cos A C cos A C
sin B cos A C cos A C cos A C
1
sin B cos B cos2A cos2C
2
1
sin B 1 sin B 1 2sin A 1 2sin C
2
2sin B sin A sin C
+
= =
= + +

= + +
= +

= +

= +
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2b a c
4R 4R 4R
2b a c
a , b , c la ca p so co ng
= +
= +

Ca ch 2:
( )
= +

= +

= +
+
=
+ +
= =
+ + +
+ =
= +
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
Ta co : a b c 2abcos A
1
a b c 4 bc sin A .cotgA
2
a b c 4Scot gA
b c a
Do o cotgA
4S
a c b a b c
Tng t cotgB , cotgC
4S 4S
b c a a b c a c b
Do o : * 2
4S 4S 4S
2b a c

Ba i 188: Cho ABC co
2 2
sin B sin C 2sin A + =
2
Ch ng minh
n

0
BAC 60 .
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( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
Ta co : sin B sin C 2sin A
b c 2a
4R 4R 4R
b c 2a *
+ =
+ =
+ =
A

Do nh ly ha m cosin ne n ta co
2 2 2
a b c 2bc cos = +
( )
( )
( )
n
+
+
= =
+
= =
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
0
2 b c b c
b c a
cos A ( do * )
2bc 4bc
b c 2bc 1
do Cauchy
4bc 4bc 2
Va y : BAC 60 .

Ca ch kha c:
nh ly ha m cosin cho
= + + = +
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c 2bc cos A b c a 2bc cos A
Do o
(*) a bccos A a
a b c
cos A ( do Cauchy)
bc bc
+ =
+
= =
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
1
2 4 2

Ba i 189: Cho ABC . Ch ng minh :

( )
2 2 2
R a b c
cotgA+cotgB+cotgC
abc
+ +
=
+
=
+ +
= =
+ + + +
+ + = =
+ +
=
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
b c a
Ta co : cotgA
4S
a c b a b c
Tng t : cot gB , cot gC
4S 4S
a b c a b c
Do o cot gA cot gB cot gC
abc
4S
4
4R
a b c
R
abc
2

Ba i 190: Cho ABC co 3 go c A, B, C ta o tha nh mo t ca p so nha n co co ng
bo i q = 2. Gia s A < B < C.
Ch ng minh: = +
1 1 1
a b c

Do A, B, C la ca p so nha n co q = 2 ne n B = 2A, C = 2B = 4A
2 4
Ma A B C ne nA , B , C
7 7 7

+ + = = = =
Ca ch 1:
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+ = +

= +

+
=

= =

= =

=
1 1 1 1
Ta co :
b c 2Rsin B 2RsinC
1 1 1
2 4
2R
sin sin
7 7
4 2
sin sin
1
7 7
2 4
2R
sin sin
7 7
3
2sin . cos
1 4
7 7
do sin sin
2 3
2R 7 7
sin . sin
7 7
cos
1 1
7
R 2Rsin A
2sin . cos
7 7
1
a
3

Ca ch 2:

= + = +
+
= + =
= = =

= = =
1 1 1 1 1 1
a b c sin A sin B sinC
1 1 1 sin 4A sin 2A
sin A sin 2A sin 4A sin 2Asin 4A
1 2sin 3A. cos A 2cos A 2cos A
sin A sin2Asin 4A sin2A 2sin A cos A
3 4
do : sin 3A sin sin sin 4A
7 7

Ba i 191: Tnh ca c go c cu a ABC ne u
sinA sinB sinC
1 2 3
= =

Do nh ly ha m sin:
a b c
2R
sinA sinB sinC
= = =
ne n : ( )
sinA sinB sinC
*
1 2 3
= =

a b c
2R 4R 2R 3
b c b a 3
a
2 3 c 2a
= =
=
= =

=

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( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2 2
0
0
Ta co : c 4a a 3 a
c b a
Va y ABCvuo ng ta i C
ThaysinC 1va o * ta c
sin A sinB 1
1 2 3
1
sinA
2
3
sinB
2
A 30
B 60
= = +
= +
=
= =
2

Ghi chu :
Trong tam gia c ABC ta co
a b A B sin A sin B cos A cos B = = = =

II. NH LY VE NG TRUNG TUYE N
Cho UABC co trung tuye n AM th:

2
2 2 2
BC
AB AC 2AM
2
+ = +

hay :
2
2 2 2
a
a
c b 2m
2
+ = +

Ba i 192: Cho UABC co AM trung tuye n,
n
AMB= , AC = b, AB = c, S la
die n tch UABC. V i 0 < <
0
90
a/ Ch ng minh:
2 2
b c
cotg
4S
=
b/ Gia s , ch ng minh: cotgC cotgB = 2
0
45 =

a/ UAHM vuo ng
HM MB BH
cotg
AH AH
= =
( )
a BH
cotg 1
2AH AH
=

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Ma t kha c:
( )
2 2
2 2
a c 2ac cosB c
b c
4S 2AH.a
2
+
=
a t BC = a
2 2
b c a c cosB a BH
4S 2AH AH 2AH AH
= = (2)
T (1) va (2) ta c :
2 2
b c
cotg
4S
=
Ca ch kha c:
Go i S
1
, S
2
la n l t la die n tch tam gia c ABH va ACH
A p du ng nh ly ha m cos trong tam gia c ABH va ACH ta co :
+
=
2 2
1
2
AM BM c
cotg
4S
(3)
+
=
2 2
2
2
AM CM b
cotg
4S
(4)
La y (3) (4) ta co :
=
2 2
b c
cotg
4S
( v S
1
=S
2
=
S
2
)
b/Ta co : cotgC cotgB =
HC HB HC HB
AH AH AH
=
=
( ) ( ) MH MC MB MH
AH
+

= = = =
0
2MH
2cotg 2cotg 45 2
AH

Ca ch kha c:
A p du ng nh ly ha m cos trong tam gia c ABM va ACM ta co :
+
=
2 2
1
BM c AM
cotg B
4S
2
(5)
+
=
2 2
2
CM b AM
cotg C
4S
2
(6)
La y (6) (5) ta co :
= =
2 2
b c
cotg C cot gB 2cot g
2S
=2 ( v S
1
=S
2
=
S
2
va ca u a )

Ba i 193 Cho UABC co trung tuye n pha t xua t t B va C la tho a
b
m , m
c
b
c
m c
1
b m
= . Ch ng minh: 2cotgA = cotgB + cotgC

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Ta co :
2 2
b
2 2
c
m c
b m
=
( )
( ) ( ) (
( )
)

+

=

+

+ = +
=
= +

= +

2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
4 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 4 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
1 b
a c
2 2
c
b 1 c
b a
2 2
c b
b c a c a b b c
2 2
1
a c a b c b
2
1
a c b c b c b
2
c
2a c b 1 do 1
b

Thay va o (1), ta co (1) tha nh + = +
2 2 2
b c a 2bc cos A
a 2 =
2
bc cos A
( ) ( )
( )
= =
+
= =
2 2 2
a 4R sin A
cos A
2bc 2 2RsinB 2RsinC
sin B C
cos A sin A
2
sin A sin BsinC sin BsinC

+
= = +
sinBcosC sinCcosB
2cotgA cotgC cotgB
sinBsinC

Ba i 194: Ch ng minh ne u UABC co trung tuye n AA vuo ng go c v i trung
tuye n BB th cotgC = 2 (cotgA + cotgB)

UGAB vuo ng ta i G co GC trung tuye n ne n AB = 2GC
Va y
2
AB C
3
= C
2 2
c
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
9c 4m
c
9c 2 b a
2
5c a b
=

= +

= +

2 2
5c c 2abcosC = + (do nh ly ha m cos)
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2c abcosC
2 2RsinC 2Rsin A 2RsinB cosC
=
=

=
=
2
2sin C sin AsinBcos C
2sinC cos C
sin AsinB sinC

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( ) +
=
2sin A B
cotgC
sin AsinB

( )
( )
+
=
+ =
2 sin Acos B sinBcos A
cotgC
sin AsinB
2 cotg B cotgA cotgC

III. DIE N TCH TAM GIA C
Go i S: die n tch UABC
R: ba n knh ng tro n ngoa i tie p UABC
r: ba n knh ng tro n no i tie p UABC
p: n a chu vi cu a UABC
th

( ) ( ) ( )
a b c
1 1 1
S a.h b.h c.h
2 2 2
1 1 1
S absinC acsinB bcsinA
2 2 2
abc
S
4R
S pr
S p p a p b p c
= = =
= = =
=
=
=

Ba i 195: Cho UABC ch ng minh:
2
2S
sin2A sin2B sin2C
R
+ + =
Ta co :
( ) sin2A+ sin2B+sin2C
= sin2A + 2sin(B + C).cos(B - C)
= 2sinAcosA + 2sinAcos(B - C)
= 2sinA[cosA + cos(B - C)]

= 2sinA[- cos(B + C) + cos(B - C)]
= 2sinA.[2sinB.sinC]

=
3
a b c 1 abc
= 4. . .
2R 2R 2R 2 R
= =
3 2
1 4RS 2S
2 R R

Ba i 196 Cho UABC. Ch ng minh :
S = Die n tch (UABC) =
( )
2 2
1
a sin2B b sin2A
4
+

Ta co : ( )
1
S = dt ABC absinC
2
=
( ) +
1
= absin A B
2

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[ ]
+
1
= ab sin Acos B sinBcos A
2

( )

+

+
2 2
2 2
1 a b
= ab sin B cos B sin A cos A (do l ha m sin)
2 b a
1
= a sin Bcos B+ b sin A cos A
2
1
= a sin2B b sin2A
4

Ba i 197: Cho ABC co tro ng ta m G va
n n n
GAB , GBC , GCA . = = =
Ch ng minh:
( )
2 2 2
3 a b c
cotg + cotg +cotg =
4S
+ +

Go i M la trung ie m BC, ve MH AB
AH
AMH cos
AM
BH 2BH
BHM cosB
MB a
=
= =

Ta co : AB = HA + HB
( )
a
c AMcos cosB
2
1 a
cos c cosB 1
AM 2
= +

=

Ma t kha c do a p du ng nh ly ha m sin va o AMB ta co :

MB AM 1 a
sin MBsinB sinB (2)
sin sinB AM 2AM
= = =

La y (1) chia cho (2) ta c :

=
a
c cos B
2c a cos B
2
cotg =
a b
sinB a.
2 2R

( ) ( )
+ +
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
R 4c 2ac cos B
R 4c 2a cos B
= =
ab abc
3c b a 3c b a
= =
abc
4S
R

Ch ng minh tng t :

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2 2
2 2
3a c b
cotg
4S
3b a c
cotg
4S
+
=
+
=
2
2

Do o :

( )
+ +
+ + +
= + +
+ +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
cotg cotg cotg
3c b a 3a c b 3b a c

4S 4S 4S
3 a b c
=
4S
2

Ca ch kha c : Ta co
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c
3
m m m a b c (*)
4
+ + = + +

+
+
= =
2
2 2
2 2 2
a
a
ABM
a
c m
4c 4m a
4
cotg (a)
4S 8S

Tng t
2 2 2 2 2 2
b c
4a 4m b 4b 4m c
cotg (b), cotg (c)
8S 8S
+ +
= =

Co ng (a), (b), (c) va ke t h p (*) ta co :

( )
+ +
+ + =
2 2 2
3 a b c
cotg cotg cotg
4S

IV. BA N KNH NG TRO N
Go i R ba n knh ng tro n ngoa i tie p ABC
va r ba n knh ng tro n no i tie p ABC th

( ) ( ) ( )
= =
=
= = =
a abc
R
2sin A 4S
S
r
p
A B C
r p a tg p b tg p c tg
2 2 2

Ba i 198: Go i I la ta m ng tro n no i tie p ABC .
Ch ng minh:

2
A B C
a/ r 4Rsin sin sin
2 2
b/ IA.IB.IC 4Rr
=
=
2

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a/ Ta co :
B BH
IBH cotg
2 IH
=

B
BH rcotg
2
=
Tng t =
C
HC r cotg
2

Ma : BH + CH = BC
ne n
( )

+ =

+

=
=
=
=
B C
r cotg cotg a
2 2
B C
r sin
2
a
B C
sin sin
2 2
A B C
r cos 2Rsin A sin sin
2 2 2
A A A B C
r cos 4Rsin cos sin sin
2 2 2 2 2
A B C A
r 4Rsin sin sin . (do cos >0)
2 2 2 2

b/ Ta co :
IK
sin
IA
=
2

r
IA
A
sin
2
=
Tng t =
r
IB
B
sin
2
; =
r
IC
C
sin
2

Do o :
3
r
IA.IB.IC
A B C
sin sin sin
2 2
=
2

3
2
r
4Rr (do ke t qua ca u a)
r
4R
= =

Ba i 199: Cho ABC co ng tro n no i tie p tie p xu c ca c ca nh ABC ta i A,
B, C. A' B' C' co ca c ca nh la a, b, c va die n tch S. Ch ng minh:

+ = +

=
a' b' C A B
a/ 2sin sin sin
a b 2 2 2
S' A B C
b/ 2sin sin sin
S 2 2 2

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a/ Ta co :
n n
( ) ( )
1 1 1
C' A' B' C' IB' A B C
2 2 2
= = = +
A p du ng nh ly hnh sin va o A' B' C'

a'
2r
sinA'
= (r: ba n knh ng tro n no i tie p ABC )

m
B C
a' 2r sinA' 2r sin (1)
2
+
= =
ABC co : a BC BA' A' C = = +

B C
a r cot g r cot g
2 2
B C
sin
2
a r (2)
B C
sin sin
2 2
= +
+
=

La y
(1)
(2)
ta c
a B
2sin sin
a 2
=
C
2

Tng t
b' A C
2sin .sin
b 2
=
2

Va y
a' b' C A B
2sin sin sin .
a b 2 2 2

+ = +

b/ Ta co :
n
( ) ( )
1 1 1
A' C' B' .B' IA' C A B
2 2 2
= = = +

Va y
A B C
sinC' sin cos
2 2
+
= =
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Ta co :
( )
( )
1
a ' b' sinC'
dt A' B' C'
S'
2
1
S dt ABC
absinC
2
= =

2
S' a ' b' sinC'
S a b sinC
C
cos
B C A
2
=4sin sin sin
C C
2 2 2
2sin cos
2 2
B C A
=2sin sin sin
2 2 2

Ba i 200: Cho ABC co tro ng ta m G va ta m ng tro n no i tie p I. Bie t GI
vuo ng go c v i ng pha n gia c trong cu a
n
BCA. Ch ng minh:
a b c 2ab
3 a b
+ +
=
+

Ve GH AC, GK BC, ID AC
IG ca t AC ta i L va ca t BC ta i N
Ta co : Dt( CLN) 2Dt( LIC) =
=ID.LC = r.LC (1)
Ma t kha c:
( )
Dt( CLN) Dt( GLC) Dt( GCN)
1
GH.LC GK.CN (2)
2
= +
= +

Do ca n ne n LC = CN CLN

T (1) va (2) ta c:

( )
1
rLC LC GH GK
2
2r GH GK
= +
= +

Go i la hai ng cao
a
h , h
b
ABC pha t xua t t A, B

Ta co :
a
GK MG 1
h MA
= =
3
va
b
GH 1
h 3
=

Do o : ( )
a b
1
2r h h (3)
3
= +
Ma : ( )
a b
1 1
S Dt ABC pr a.h b.h
2 2
= = = =

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Do o :
a
2pr
h
a
= va
b
2pr
h
b
=

T (3) ta co :
2 1 1
2r pr
3 a b

= +

+
=

+ + +
=
+ +
=
+
1 a b
1 p
3 ab
a b c a b
3
2 a
2ab a b c
a b 3
b

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BA I TA P

1. Cho ABC co ba ca nh la a, b, c. R va r la n l t la ba n knh ng tro n
ngoa i tie p va no i tie p ABC . Ch ng minh:
a/ ( ) ( ) ( )
C A B
a b cotg b c cotg c a cotg 0
2 2 2
+ + =
b/
r
1 cos A cosB cosC
R
+ = + +
c/ Ne u
A B
cotg , cotg , cotg
2 2
C
2
la ca p so co ng th a, b, c cu ng la ca p so
co ng.
d/ Die n tch
( ) ABC Rr sin A sinB sinC = + +
e/ Ne u : th
4 4
a b c = +
4
ABC co 3 go c nho n va
2
2sin A tgB.tgC =
2. Ne u die n tch ( ABC ) = (c + a -b)(c + b -a) th
8
tgC
15
=
3. Cho ABC co ba go c nho n. Go i A, B, C la cha n ca c ng cao ve t
A, B, C. Go i S, R, r la n l t la die n tch, ba n knh ng tro n ngoa i
tie p, no i tie p ABC . Go i S, R, r la n l t la die n tch, ba n knh
ng tro n ngoa i tie p, no i tie p cu a A' B' C' . Ch ng minh:
a/ S = 2ScosA.cosB.cosC
b/
R
R'
2
=
c/ r = 2RcosA.cosB.cosC
4. ABC co ba ca nh a, b, c ta o mo t ca p so co ng. V i a < b < c
Ch ng minh :
a/ ac = 6Rr
b/
A C B
cos 2sin
2 2
=
c/ Co ng sai
3r C A
d tg tg
2 2 2

=

5. Cho ABC co ba go c A, B, C theo th t ta o 1 ca p so nha n co co ng
bo i q = 2. Ch ng minh:
a/
1 1 1
a b c
= +
b/
2 2 2
5
cos A cos B cos C
4
+ + =
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CHNG XI:
NHA N DA NG TAM GIA C

I. TNH CA C GO C CU A TAM GIA C

Ba i 201: Tnh ca c go c cu a ABC ne u :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
sin B C sin C A cos A B *
2
+ + + + + =

Do A B C + + =
Ne n: ( )
3
* sinA sinB cosC
2
+ =

+

+ =

=
+

+ =

=
= =
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
=
A B A B C 3
2sin cos 2cos 1
2 2 2
C A B C 1
2cos cos 2cos
2 2 2 2
C C A B
4 cos 4 cos cos 1 0
2 2 2
C A B A B
2cos cos 1 cos 0
2 2 2
C A B A B
2cos cos sin 0
2 2 2
C A B
2cos cos
2 2
A B
sin 0
2
C
2cos cos 0 1
2
A
2

= =

= =
C
2 3
B
A B 0
2
A B
6
2
C
3

Ba i 202: Tnh ca c go c cu a ABC bie t:
( )
5
cos2A 3 cos2B cos2C 0 (*)
2
+ + + =

Ta co : ( ) ( ) ( )
2
5
* 2cos A 1 2 3 cos B C cos B C
2
0 + + + =

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( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
+ =

+

+ =

= =

=
=

= =
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
4 cos A 4 3 cos A. cos B C 3 0
2cos A 3 cos B C 3 3cos B C 0
2cos A 3 cos B C 3sin B C 0
sin B C 0 B C 0
3
3
cos A
cos A cos B C
2
2
A 30
B C 75
=

Ba i 203: Ch ng minh ABC co ne u :
0
C 120 =
A B C
sinA sinB sinC 2sin sin 2sin (*)
2 2 2
+ + =

Ta co
A B A B C C A B C
(*) 2sin cos 2sin cos 2sin sin 2sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
C A B C C A B A
2cos cos 2sin cos 2cos 2sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
C A B C A B
cos cos sin cos cos
2 2 2 2 2
C A B A B A B
cos cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2
C A B A B
2cos cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2
+
+ =
+
+ = +

+ =

+
+ =

=
2
B
2
+

C 1
cos
2 2
= (do
A
cos 0
2
> va
B
cos 0
2
> v
A B
0 ;
2 2 2
< < )
=
0
C 120

Ba i 204: Tnh ca c go c cu a C bie t so o 3 go c ta o ca p so co ng va
3 3
sin A sinB sinC
2
+
+ + =

Kho ng la m ma t tnh cha t to ng qua t cu a ba i toa n gia s A B C < <
Ta co : A, B, C ta o 1 ca p so co ng ne n A + C = 2B
Ma A B C + + = ne n B
3
=
Lu c o :
3 3
sin A sinB sinC
2
+
+ + =
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3 3
sin A sin sinC
3 2
3
sinA sinC
2
A C A C 3
2sin cos
2 2 2
B A C 3
2cos cos
2 2 2
3 A C 3
2. cos
2 2 2
C A 3
cos cos
2 2 6
+
+ + =
+ =
+
=
=

=

= =

Do C > A ne n co : C

= =

+ = =

= =

C A
C
2 6 2
2
C A A
3 6
B B
3 3

Ba i 205: Tnh ca c go c cu a ABC ne u

( )
( )
+
+ + = +
2 2 2
b c a 1
sin A sin B sinC 1 2 2

A p du ng nh ly ha m cosin:
2 2
b c a
cos A
2bc
+
=
2
2

Do (1): ne n
2 2
b c a + cos A 0
Do o :
A
A
2 4 2

< <
2

Va y ( )
A 2
cos cos
2 4 2
=
Ma t kha c: sin A sinB sinC + +
B C B C
sinA 2sin cos
2 2
+
= +

A B C
sinA 2cos cos
2 2
= +

2
1 2 1
2

+

( )

B C
do * va cos 1
2

Ma sinA sinB sinC 1 2 do (2) + + = +
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Da u = ta i (2) xa y ra
sin A 1
A 2
cos
2 2
B C
cos 1
2

=
= =
A
2
B C
4

Cho ABC kho ng tu tho a ie u kie n
( ) cos2A 2 2 cosB 2 2 cosC 3 * + + =
Tnh ba go c cu a ABC

* Ca ch 1: a t M = cos2A 2 2 cosB 2 2 cosC 3 + +
Ta co : M =
2
B C B C
2cos A 4 2 cos cos 4
2 2
+
+
M =
2
A B C
2cos A 4 2 sin cos 4
2 2
+
Do
A
sin 0
2
> va
B - C
cos 1
2

Ne n
2
A
M 2cos A 4 2 sin 4
2
+
Ma t kha c: ABC kho ng tu ne n 0 A
2
<

2
0 cos A 1
cos A cos A
Do o :
A
M 2cos A 4 2 sin 4
2
+

2
2
2
A A
M 1 2sin 4 2 sin 4
2 2
A A
M 4sin 4 2 sin 2
2 2
A
M 2 2 sin 1 0
2

+

+

Do gia thie t (*) ta co M=0
Va y:
2
0
0
cos A cos A
A 90
B C
cos 1
2
B C 45
A 1
sin
2 2
=

=

= =

* Ca ch 2: ( ) * cos2A 2 2 cosB 2 2 cosC 3 0 + + =
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( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
B C B C
cos A 2 2 cos cos 2 0
2 2
A B C
cos A cos A cos A 2 2 sin cos 2 0
2 2
A A B C
cos A cos A 1 1 2sin 2 2 sin cos 2 0
2 2 2
A B C B C
cos A cos A 1 2 sin cos 1 cos 0
2 2 2
A B C B
cos A cos A 1 2 sin cos sin
2 2
+
+ =
+ + =

+ +

=
C
0 (*)
2
=

Do ABC kho ng tu ne n va cos A 0 cos A 1 0 <
Va y ve tra i cu a (*) luo n 0
Da u = xa y ra
cos A 0
A B C
2 sin cos
2 2
B C
sin 0
2

= =
0
0
A 90
B C 45
Ba i 207: Ch ng minh ABC co t nha t 1 go c 60
0
khi va ch khi
sinA sinB sinC
3 (*)
cos A cosB cosC
+ +
=
+ +

Ta co :

( ) ( ) ( )
(*) sin A 3 cos A sinB 3 cosB sinC 3 cosC 0 + + =

sin A sin B sin C 0
3 3 3
A B A B
2sin cos sin C 0
2 3 2 3

+ + =

+
+

=

C A B C C
2sin cos 2sin cos 0
2 2 3 2 2 6 2 6
C A B C
2sin cos cos 0
2 6 2 2 6

+

+ =

=

= = =

C A B C
sin 0 cos cos cos
2 6 2 2 6 3 2
+
A B

+ + +
= = =
C A B A B A B A
2 6 2 3 2 2 3 2
B

= = = C A B
3 3
3

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Ba i 208: Cho ABC va V = cos
2
A + cos
2
B + cos
2
C 1. Ch ng minh:
a/ Ne u V = 0 th ABC co mo t go c vuo ng
b/ Ne u V < 0 th ABC co ba go c nho n
c/ Ne u V > 0 th ABC co mo t go c tu

Ta co : ( ) ( )
2
1 1
V 1 cos2A 1 cos2B cos 1
2 2
= + + + +

( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) (
2
2
2
1
V cos2A cos2B cos C
2
)
V cos A B . cos A B cos C
V cosC. cos A B cos C
V cosC cos A B cos A B
V 2cosCcos AcosB
= + +
= + +
= +
= + +

=

Do o :
a / V 0 cos A 0 cos B 0 cosC 0 = = = =
ABC ta i A hay ABC ta i B hay ABC ta i C
b / V 0 cos A. cos B. cosC 0 < >
ABC co ba go c nho n
( v trong 1 tam gia c kho ng the co nhie u hn 1 go c tu ne n
kho ng co tr ng h p co 2 cos cu ng a m )
c / V 0 cos A. cos B. cosC 0 > <
cos A 0 cos B 0 cosC 0 < < <
ABC co 1 go c tu .
II. TAM GIA C VUO NG

Ba i 209: Cho ABC co
+
=
B a c
cotg
2 b

Ch ng minh ABC vuo ng

Ta co :
B a c
cotg
2 b
+
=
+ +
= =
B
cos
2Rsin A 2RsinC sin A sinC
2
B
2Rsin B sin B
sin
2

+
=
B A C A
cos 2sin . cos
2 2
B B
sin 2sin . cos
2 2
C
2
B
2

= >
2
B B A C B
cos cos . cos (do sin 0)
2 2 2 2

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= >
B A C B
cos cos (do cos 0)
2 2 2

= =
= + = +
B A C B C A
2 2 2 2
A B C C A B

= =

A C
2 2
ABCvuo ng ta i A hay ABCvuo ng ta i C

Ba i 210: Ch ng minh ABC vuo ng ta i A ne u

b c a
cosB cosC sinBsinC
+ =

Ta co :
b c a
cosB cosC sinBsinC
+ =
+ =
+
=
2RsinB 2RsinC 2RsinA
cosB cosC sinBsinC
sinBcosC sinCcosB sinA
cosB. cosC sinBsinC

( ) +
=
=
sin B C
sinA
cosB. cosC sinBsinC
cosBcosC sinBsinC (do sin A 0) >

( )

+ =
+ =

cos B. cos C sin B. sinC 0
cos B C 0
B C
2
ABC vuo ng ta i A
=

Ba i 211: Cho ABC co :

A B C A B C 1
cos cos cos sin sin sin (*)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
=
Ch ng minh ABC vuo ng
Ta co :
= +
+ +
+ =

A B C 1 A B C
(*) cos cos cos sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 A B A B C 1 1 A B A B
cos cos cos cos cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C
2

+ =

+ = + = +
2 2
C A B C C A B C
sin cos cos 1 sin cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
C C A B C C C C A B C
sin cos cos cos 1 sin cos 1 sin cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

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+ = +
2
C C A B C C A B C
sin cos cos cos cos cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

=

=

C C C A B C C
cos sin cos cos sin cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
C C C A B
sin cos cos cos 0
2 2 2 2

= =

= = =
= = + = +

= = =
C C C A
sin cos cos cos
2 2 2 2
C C A B C B
tg 1
2 2 2 2 2
C
A B C B A C
2 4
C A B
2 2 2
B
A

Ba i 212: Ch ng minh ABC vuo ng ne u:
3(cosB 2sinC) 4(sinB 2cosC) 15 + + + =
Do ba t a ng th c Bunhiaco pki ta co :

2 2
3cosB 4sinB 9 16 cos B sin B 15 + + + =
va
2 2
6sinC 8cosC 36 64 sin C cos C 10 + + + =
ne n: 3(cosB 2sinC) 4(sinB 2cosC) 15 + + +
Da u = xa y ra
cosB sinB 4
tgB
3 4
sinC cosC 4
cotgC=
6 8

= =

=

3
3

=
+ =
tgB cotgC
B C
2

ABC vuo ng ta i A.

Ba i 213: Cho ABC co : sin2A sin2B 4sin A.sinB + =
Ch ng minh ABC vuo ng.
Ta co : + = sin2A sin2B 4sin A.sinB
[ ]
[ ]
+ = +
+ = +
2sin(A B) cos(A B) 2 cos(A B) cos(A B)
cos(A B) 1 sin(A B) cos(A B)

[ ] = cos C 1 sinC cos(A B)
+ =
2
cos C(1 sinC) (1 sin C). cos(A B)
+ =
2
cos C(1 sinC) cos C. cos(A B)
= + = cosC 0hay (1 sinC) cosC. cos(A B) (*)
= cosC 0
( Do ne n sinC 0 > (1 sinC) 1 + <
Ma co .Va y (*) vo nghie m.) sC. cos(A B) 1
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Do o ABC vuo ng ta i C
III. TAM GIA C CA N

Ba i 214:Ch ng minh ne u ABC co
C
tgA tgB 2cotg
2
+ =
th la tam gia c ca n.

Ta co :
C
tgA tgB 2cotg
2
+ =
C
2cos
sin(A B)
2
C
cos A. cosB
sin
2
C
2cos
sinC
2
C
cos A. cosB
sin
2
C C C
2sin cos 2cos
2 2
C
cos AcosB
sin
2
+
=
=
=
2

2
C C
sin cos A. cosB do cos 0
2 2

= >

( ) ( ) (
( )
( )
= + +

= +
=
=
1 1
1 cosC cos A B cos A B
2 2
1 cosC cosC cos A B
cos A B 1
)
A B

ABC ca n ta i C.

Ba i 215: Ch ng minh ABC ca n ne u:

3 3
A B B
sin . cos sin . cos
2 2 2 2
=
A

Ta co :
3 3
A B B
sin . cos sin . cos
2 2 2 2
=
A

2 2
A B
sin sin
1 1
2 2
A A B B
cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2

=

(do
A
cos
2
> 0 va
B
cos
2
>0 )
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2 2
3 3
2 2
A A B B
tg 1 tg tg 1 tg
2 2 2 2
A B A B
tg tg tg tg 0
2 2 2 2
A B A B A B
tg tg 1 tg tg tg .tg 0 (*)
2 2 2 2 2 2

+ = +

+ =

+ + + =

=
A B
tg tg
2 2
( v
2 2
A B A B
1 tg tg tg tg 0
2 2 2 2
+ + + > )
= A B
ABC ca n ta i C


( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
cos A cos B 1
cotg A cotg B (*)
sin A sin B 2
+
= +
+

Ta co :
(*)
2 2
2 2 2 2
cos A cos B 1 1 1
2
sin A sin B 2 sin A sin B
+
= +

+

2 2
2 2 2 2
cos A cos B 1 1 1
1
sin A sin B 2 sin A sin B
+
+ = +

+

= +

+

2 2 2 2
2 1 1 1
2 sin A sin B sin A sin B

( )
= +
2
2 2 2 2
4 sin Asin B sin A sin B
( )
2 2
0 sin A sin B
sinA sinB
=
=

Va y ABC ca n ta i C
( )
C
a b tg atgA btgB (*)
2
+ = +

Ta co : ( )
C
a b tg atgA btgB
2
+ = +
( ) + = +
C
a b cotg atgA btgB
2

+

C C
a tgA cotg b tgB cotg 0
2 2

+ +
+

=
A B A
a tgA tg b tgB tg 0
2 2
B

+
+ +
=
A B B A
a sin bsin
2 2
0
A B A B
cos A. cos cos B. cos
2 2

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= =
A B a b
sin 0hay 0
2 cos A cos B

= =
2Rsin A 2RsinB
A Bhay
cos A cos B

= = A B hay tgA tgB ABC ca n ta i C
IV. NHA N DA NG TAM GIA C

Ba i 218: Cho ABC tho a: acosB bcos A asinA bsinB (*) =
Ch ng minh ABC vuo ng hay ca n

Do nh ly ha m sin: a 2RsinA, b 2RsinB = =
Ne n (*)
( )
2 2
2Rsin AcosB 2RsinBcos A 2R sin A sin B =

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
sinAcosB sinBcos A sin A sin B
1 1
sin A B 1 cos2A 1 cos2B
2 2
1
sin A B cos2B cos2A
2
sin A B sin A B sin B A
sin A B 1 sin A B 0
sin A B 0 sin A B 1
A B A B
2
=
=
=
= +

+ =

= + =
= + =

va y ABC vuo ng hay ca n ta i C
Ca ch kha c
( )
=
= +
2 2
sin Acos B sinBcos A sin A sin B
sin A B ( sin A sinB) ( sin A sinB)

( )
+ +
=
A B A B A B A B
sin A B ( 2sin cos ) (2cos sin )
2 2 2 2

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
= +
= + =
= + =
sin A B sin A B sin A B
sin A B 0 sin A B 1
A B A B
2

Ba i 219 ABC la tam gia c g ne u

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
a b sin A B a b sin A B (*) + = +

Ta co : (*)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4R sin A 4R sin B sin A B 4R sin A sin B sin A B + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
sin A sin A B sin A B sin B sin A B sin A B 0 + + + +

=
=

( )
2 2
2sin Acos Asin B 2sin BsinAcosB 0 +
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sin Acos A sinBcos B 0 + = (do sin va sin ) A 0 > B 0 >
sin2A sin2B
2A 2B 2A 2B
A B A B
2
=
= =
= + =

Va y ABC ca n ta i C hay ABC vuo ng ta i C.

Ba i 220: ABC la tam gia c g ne u:

2 2
a sin2B b sin2A 4abcos AsinB (1)
sin2A sin2B 4sinAsinB (2)
+ =
+ =
Ta co :
(1)
2 2 2 2 2 2
4R sin Asin2B 4R sin Bsin2A 16R sinAsin Bcos A + =

( )
2 2 2
2 2
sin Asin2B sin Bsin2A 4sinAsin Bcos A
2sin AsinBcosB 2sinAcos Asin B 4sinAsin Bcos A
sinAcosB sinBcos A 2sinBcos A(dosinA 0, sinB 0)
sinAcosB sinBcos A 0
sin A B 0
A B
+ =
+ =
+ = >
=
=
=
2
>
Thay va o (2) ta c

2
sin2A 2sin A =

( )
2
2sin Acos A 2sin A
cos A sinA dosin A 0
tgA 1
A
4
=
= >
=
=

Do o ABC vuo ng ca n ta i C
V. TAM GIA C E U

Ba i 221: Ch ng minh ABC e u ne u:
( ) bc 3 R 2 b c a (*) = +

Ta co :(*) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2RsinB 2RsinC 3 R 2 2RsinB 2RsinC 2RsinA = +

( ) ( ) = + 2 3 sinBsinC 2 sinB sinC sin B C +
( ) = + 2 3 sin BsinC 2 sin B sinC sin Bcos C sinCcos B

+

1 3 1 3
2sinB 1 cos C sinC 2sinC 1 cos B sinB 0
2 2 2 2

+ =

sinB 1 cos C sinC 1 cos B 0 (1)
3 3

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Do sin va B 0 > 1 cos C 0
3

sin va C 0 > 1 cos B 0
3

Ne n ve tra i cu a (1) luo n 0
Do o , (1)
cos C 1
3
cos B 1
3

=

C B
3
= = ABC e u.
Ba i 222: Ch ng minh ABC e u ne u
3 3 3
2
3
sinBsinC (1)
4
a b c
a (
a b c

2)

Ta co : (2)
3 2 2 3 3
a a b a c a b c =
3
( )
2 3
a b c b c + = +
3

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
a b c b c b bc c
a b bc c
+ = + +
= +
2
c

(do l ha m cosin)
2 2 2 2
b c 2bc cos A b c b + = +

=
= =
2bc cos A bc
1
cos A A
2 3

Ta co : (1) 4sinBsinC 3 =
( ) ( ) +

2 cos B C cos B C 3 =
=

( ) +

2 cos B C cos A 3
( )

+ = =

1
2cos B C 2 3 do (1) ta co A
2 3

( ) = = cos B C 1 B C
Va y t (1), (2) ta co ABC e u

sin A sinB sinC sin2A sin2B sin2C + + = + +

Ta co : ( ) ( ) sin2A sin2B 2sin A B cos A B + = +
( ) 2sinCcos A B 2sinC (1) =
Da u = xa y ra khi: ( ) cos A B 1 =
Tng t : sin2A sin2C 2sinB + (2)
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Da u = xa y ra khi: ( ) cos A C 1 =
Tng t : sin2B sin2C 2sin A + (3)
Da u = xa y ra khi: ( ) cos B C 1 =
T (1) (2) (3) ta co : ( ) ( ) 2 sin2A sin2B sin2C 2 sinC sinB sinA + + + +
Da u = xa y ra
( )
( )
( )
=
cos A B 1
cos A C 1
cos B C 1
A = = B C
ABC e u

Ba i 224: Cho ABC co :

2 2 2
1 1 1 1
(*)
sin 2A sin 2B sin C 2cos AcosBcosC
+ + =
Ch ng minh ABC e u

Ta co : (*) + +
2 2 2 2 2 2
sin 2B.sin 2C sin 2Asin 2C sin 2Asin 2B

( )
( )
sin2A.sin2B.sin2C
sin2Asin2Bsin2C
2cos AcosBcosC
4sinAsinBsinC sin2Asin2Bsin2C
=
=

Ma : ( ) ( ) ( = +

4 sin Asin BsinC 2 cos A B cos A B sin A B) +
) +

( )
( ) (
= +

= +
= + +
2 cos A B cos C sinC
2sinCcos C 2cos A B sin A B
sin2C sin2A sin 2B
Do o ,v i ie u kie n ABC kho ng vuo ng ta co
(*)
2 2 2 2 2 2
sin 2Bsin 2C sin 2Asin 2C sin 2Asin 2B + +
( )
( ) ( )
= + +
= + +
+
2 2 2
2 2
sin2A. sin 2B. sin2C sin 2A sin 2B sin 2C
sin 2Asin 2Bsin2C sin 2Bsin 2Asin2C sin 2Csin 2Asin2B
1 1
sin 2Bsin2A sin2Bsin 2C sin 2Asin 2B sin 2Asin 2C
2 2
( )
2 1
sin2Csin2A sin2Csin2B 0
2
+ =
sin2Bsin2A sin2Bsin2C
sin2Asin2B sin2Asin2C
sin2Asin2C sin2Csin2B
=
sin2A sin2B
sin2B sin2C
A B C = = ABC e u

a cos A bcosB c cosC 2p
(*)
asinB bsinC csinA 9R
+ +
=
+ +

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Ta co : a cos A bcos B c cosC + +

( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2RsinAcos A 2RsinBcosB 2RsinCcosC
R sin2A sin2B sin2C
R 2sin A B cos A B 2sinCcosC
2RsinC cos A B cos A B 4RsinCsinAsinB
= + +
= + +
= + +

= + =

Ca ch 1: a sinB bsinC c sin A + +
( )
( )
2 2 2 3
2R sinAsinB sinBsinC sinCsinA
2R sin Asin Bsin C do bt Cauchy
= + +

Do o ve tra i :
3
a cos A bcosB c cosC 2
sinAsinBsinC
asinB bsinC csinA 3
+ +

+ +
(1)
Ma ve pha i: ( )
+ +
= = + +
2p a b c 2
sin A sinB sinC
9R 9R 9

3
2
sinAsinBsinC
3
(2)
T (1) va (2) ta co
( * ) e u sin A sinB sinC ABC = =
Ca ch 2: Ta co : (*)
4RsinAsinBsinC a b c
asinB bsinC csinA 9R
+ +
=
+ +

a b c
4R
a b c 2R 2R 2R
b c ca 9R
a b
2R 2R 2R

+ +

=

+ +

( ) ( ) 9abc a b c ab bc ca = + + + +
Do ba t a ng th c Cauchy ta co
3
2 2 2 3
a b c abc
ab bc ca a b c
+ +
+ +

Do o : ( ) ( ) a b c ab bc ca 9abc + + + +
Da u = xa y ra a b c = = ABC e u.

Ba i 226: Ch ng minh ABC e u ne u
A
( )
B C
cot gA cot gB cot gC tg tg tg *
2 2 2
+ + = + +

Ta co :
( ) sin A B
sinC
cot gA cot gB
sinAsinB sinAsinB
+
+ = =

2
sinC
sin A sinB
2
+

(do bt Cauchy)
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2 2 2
C C C
2sin cos 2sin
2 2 2
A B A B C A
sin . cos cos cos
2 2 2
= =
B
2
+

C
2tg
2
(1)
Tng t :
B
cot gA cot gC 2tg
2
+ (2)

A
cot gB cot gC 2tg
2
+ (3)
T (1) (2) (3) ta co
( )
A B C
2 cot gA cot gB cot gC 2 tg tg tg
2 2 2

+ + + +

Do o da u = ta i (*) xa y ra

= =
= =
=
A B A C B C
cos cos cos 1
2 2 2
sin A sin B sinC

A B C
ABC e u.
= =

BA I TA P
1. Tnh ca c go c cu a ABC bie t:
a/ = +
3
cos A sinB sinC
2
(S:
2
B C , A
6 3

= = = )
b/ sin6 (S: A sin6B sin6C 0 + + = A B C
3
= = = )
c/ sin5 A sin5B sin5C 0 + + =
2. Tnh go c C cu a ABC bie t:
a/ ( ) ( ) 1 cot gA 1 cot gB 2 + + =
b/
2 2 9
A, Bnhon
sin A sin B sinC
+ =

3. Cho ABC co :
+ + <
+ + =
2 2 2
cos A cos B cos C 1
sin5A sin5B sin5C 0

Ch ng minh co t nha t mo t go c 36
0
.
4. Bie t . Ch ng minh
2 2 2
sin A sin B sin C m + + =
a/ m th 2 = ABC vuo ng
b/ m th 2 > ABC nho n
c/ m th 2 < ABC tu .
5. Ch ng minh ABC vuo ng ne u:
a/
b c
cosB cosC
a
+
+ =
b/
b c a
cosB cosC sinBsinC
+ =
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c/ sin A sinB sinC 1 cos A cosB cosC + + = + +
d/
( )
( )
2
2
2 1 cos B C b c
b 1 cos2B

=

6. Ch ng minh ABC ca n ne u:
a/
2 2
1 cosB 2a c
sinB
a c
+ +
=

b/
+ +
=
+
sin A sinB sinC A B
cot g . cot g
sin A sinB sinC 2 2

c/
2
tgA 2tgB tgA.tg B + =
d/
C C
a cot g tgA b tgB cot g
2 2

=

e/ ( )
C B
p b cot g ptg
2 2
=
f/ ( )
C
a b tg atgA btgB
2
+ = +
7. ABC la g ne u:
a/ ( )
A B
atgB btgA a b tg
2
+
+ = +
b/ c c cos 2B bsin2B = +
c/ + + sin 3A sin 3B sin 3C 0 =
d/ ( ) ( ) 4S a b c a c b = + +
8. Ch ng minh ABC e u ne u
a/ ( ) 2 a cos A bcosB c cosC a b c + + = + +
b/
( )
= + +
2 3 3 3
3S 2R sin A sin B sin C
c/ sin A sinB sinC 4sin AsinBsinC + + =
d/
a b c
9R
m m m
2
+ + = v i la 3 ng trung tuye n
a b
m , m , m
c

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Toan Tap Luong Giac 2011

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Toan Tap Luong Giac 2011

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CHNG 1: CONG THC LNG GIAC

< < nen sin x 0 >

tgA tgB tgC

= (hien nhien ung)

(nhan t va mau cho cotg

= ( hien nhien ung)

sin x sin x sin 3x

sin x 1( loa i do cos x 0)

Ca ch 4: + = + cos 8x cos 4x 2 0 cos 8x cos 4x 2 =

= la mo t nghie m cu a (1). Ha y tm ta t ca nghie m cu a (1) tho a

tho a phng trnh : ( ) cos7x 3sin7x 2 * =

cos x sIn x 0 hay 1 sIn x cos x cosx sIn x

(do t = 2 kho ng la nghie m)

cos x sin x 0 (1)

cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x 3

= kho ng la nghie m cu a (1) va (2) )

tgx tgy tgxtgy 1 (1)

Tm m e he phng trnh co nghie m.

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