Cng ngh sn tnh in

Cng ngh sn tnh in (Electro Static Power Coating Technology) l cng ngh hin i c pht minh bi TS. Erwin Gemmer vo u thp nin 1950. Qua nhiu ci tin bi cc nh khoa hc, cc nh sn xut ch to v thit b v bt sn gip cho cng ngh sn tnh in ngy cng hon chnh v cht lng v mu m tt hn. C 2 loi cng ngh sn tnh in: - Cng ngh sn tnh in kh (sn bt): ng dng sn cc sn phm bng kim loi: st thp, nhm, inox... - Cng ngh sn tnh in t (s dng dung mi): ng dng sn cc sn phm bng kim loi, nha g,... Mi cng ngh u c nhng u khuyt im khc nhau: - i vi cng ngh sn tnh in t th c kh nng sn c trn nhiu loi vt liu hn, nhng lng dung mi khng bm vo vt sn s khng thu hi c ti s dng, c gy nhim mi trng do lng dung mi d, chi ph sn cao. - i vi cng ngh sn kh ch sn c cc loi vt liu bng kim loi, nhng bt sn khng bm vo vt sn s c thu hi (trn 95%) ti s dng, chi ph sn thp, t gy nhim mi trng. Dy chuyn thit b sn tnh in dng bt. Thit b chnh l sng phun v b iu khin t ng , cc thit b khc nh bung phun sn v thu hi bt sn; bung hp bng tia hng ngoi tuyn (ch hp iu chnh nhit v nh gi t ng tt m) . My nn kh ,my tch m kh nn .. Cc bn cha ha cht x l b mt trc khi sn c ch to bng vt liu composite. S qui trnh cng ngh sn tnh in: X l b mt Hp Phun sn Sy Thnh phm - X l b mt: Vt sn phi c x l b mt trc khi sn qua cc bc sau: Ty du ,Ra nc chy trn, Ty g , Ra nc chy trn, nh hnh, Phosphat km , Ra nc. - Hp: Hp kh vt sn sau khi x l b mt. - Phun sn: p dng hiu ng tnh trong qu trnh phun sn c b iu khin trn sng, c th iu chnh lng bt phun ra hoc iu chnh ch phun sn theo hnh dng vt sn. - Sy: Vt sn sau khi sn c a vo bung sy. Ty theo chng loi thng s k thut ca bt sn m t ch sy t ng thch hp (nhit sy 150oC - 200oC, thi gian sy 10 - 15 pht). - Cui cng l khu kim tra, ng gi thnh phm. Do trong qui trnh x l b mt tt, qui trnh phosphat km bm chc ln b mt kim loi, nn sn phm sau khi sn tnh in c kh nng chng n mn cao di tc ng ca mi trng. Mu sc ca sn phm sn tnh in rt a dng v phong ph nh sn bng hay nhm sn, vn ba hay nh bc... V vy, sn phm sn tnh in c th p ng cho nhu cu trong nhiu lnh vc c bn v thm m cao, c bit l i vi cc mt hng dn dng, trang tr ni tht, thit b dng c trong ngnh gio dc, y t, xy dng, in lc,... TH NO L BT SN TNH IN: Khi nim v Bt sn tnh in: Bt sn tnh in l nguyn liu dng trong cng ngh

sn tnh in, bao gm 3 thnh phn chnh l nha, bt mu v cht ph gia. Phn loi Bt sn tnh in: Bt sn tnh in hin nay gm 04 loi ph bin: Bng (Gloss), M (Matt), Ct (Texture), nhn (Wrinkle) s dng cho hai iu kin trong nh v ngoi tri. iu kin bo qun: Nh ni trn, iu kin bo qun bt sn tnh in rt an ton v khng s chy n do n l dng bt kh khng cha dung mi v khng tn nhiu chi ph, ch cn p ng y cc iu kin sau l chng ta c th bo qun bt sn an ton v hiu qu nht: - ni kh ro, thong mt - Nhit bo qun di 33C (rt ph hp vi thi tit v kh hu ca Vit Nam) - Ch nn cht ln cao ti a l 5 lp TH NO L CNG NGH SN TNH IN? Khi nim v sn tnh in: Hu ht cc nh khoa hc trn th gii u cng nhn rng: him c mt cng ngh hin i no c pht minh v a vo s dng phc v sn xut, thay th cho cng ngh c m cho cht lng cao, va h gi thnh sn phm nhng chi ph u t lc ban u li nh cng ngh c l Sn Tnh in. Sn tnh in cn c gi l sn kh v tnh cht ph dng bt ca n v khi s dng n s c tch mt in tch (+) khi i qua mt thit b c gi l sng sn tnh in, ng thi vt sn cng s c tch mt in tch (-) to ra hiu ng bm dnh gia bt sn v vt sn. Sn Tnh in l cng ngh khng nhng cho ta nhng u im v kinh t m cn p ng c v vn mi trng cho hin ti v tng lai v tnh cht khng c cht dung mi ca n. Do v vn nhim mi trng trong khng kh v trong nc hon ton khng c nh sn nc. Lch s hnh thnh bt sn tnh in: Nguyn l ph sn bng hp cht hu c (organic Polymer) dng bt c gia nhit v ph ln b mt kim loi c nghin cu v a vo p dng th ti Chu u bi nh khoa hc Tin s Dr. Erwin Gemmer vo u thp nin 1950, nhng mi n khong nm 1964 th qui trnh Sn Tnh in (Electrostatic Powder Spray) mi thnh cng v c thng mi ha ri c s dng rng ri cho n ngy nay. Qua nhiu thp nin c ng gp, ci tin bi cc nh khoa hc v cc nh sn xut v cch ch bin bt sn gip cho cng ngh Sn Tnh in ngy cng hon chnh v cht lng v mu m tt hn . Di y l phn tm tt qua nhiu thp nin ca Sn Tnh in cng nh nh hng rng ri ca n: 1966 1973 Bn loi ha hc khi im- Epoxy, Hybrid, Polyurethane, v TGIC - c gii thiu trn th trng. Mt vi loi Melamine v Acrylic vn cha thnh cng . u thp nin 1970 Sn Tnh in pht trin nhanh v c s dng rng ri Chu u. u thp nin 1980 Pht trin nhanh v c s dng rng ri Bc M v Nht. Gia thp nin 1980 Pht trin nhanh v c s dng rng ri Vin ng (thm Lc a Thi Bnh Dng). 1985 1993 Nhng loi bt sn mi c gii thiu trn th trng. C loi Acrylic v hn hp ca nhng loi bt sn c tung ra.

Li im ca cng ngh sn tnh in: a. V kinh t: - 99% sn c s dng trit (bt sn d trong qu trnh phun sn c thu hi s dng li). - Khng cn sn lt - Lm sch d dng nhng khu vc b nh hng khi phun sn hay do phun sn khng t yu cu. - Tit kim thi gian hon thnh sn phm b. V c tnh s dng: - Quy trnh sn c th c thc hin t ng ha d dng (dng h thng phun sn bng sng t ng). - D dng v sinh khi bt sn bm ln ngi thc hin thao tc hoc cc thit b khc m khng cn dng bt c loi dung mi no nh i vi sn nc. c. V cht lng: - Tui th thnh phm lu di - bng cao - Khng b n mn bi ha cht hoc b nh hng ca tc nhn ha hc hay thi tit. - Mu sc phong ph v c chnh xc V cn rt nhiu li im khc na m chnh ngi s dng trong qu trnh ng dng cng ngh sn tnh in s nhn thy. Li ch gia sn tnh in v sn du: Sn Tnh in dng bt l phng php sn t tn km nht trn gi thnh sn phm m trong nhng k thut sn hin ti trn th gii ang s dng (k c sn tnh in dng nc). CHC NNG BT SN TNH IN SN NC ,SN DU YU CU K THUT Kh nng chu nhit cao v t b nh hng mi trng (bao gm nng v lnh) C kh nng iu chnh c dy mng ca sn bao ph b mt cao D b nh hng ca mi trng (tri lnh th b mt sn co li) Kh iu chnh dy mng ca sn bao ph thp (khng th sn nhng vt c gc cnh phc tp) KINH T Thu hi v ti s dng 99% bm cao (t l tht thot t) Thu hi ch v vn mi trng, khng th ti s dng li. bm thp (t l tht thot cao khong 60%) C TNH S DNG Khng s dng dung mi: khng gy nhim mi trng ng dng c trong nhiu lnh vc cng nghip khc nhau (cng nghip hng khng, cng nghip hng hi, cng nghip xy dng) D dng t ng ho tit kim c chi ph nhn cng D dng lu tr Khng yu cu cng nhn c tay ngh cao (khi khng t yu cu c th lm li d dng) Phi s dng dung mi: gy nhim mi trng Hn ch ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc Kh xy dng h thng t ng ha cn nhiu nhn cng chi ph cao Kh khn trong vic lu kho( c th xy ra chy n) Yu cu cng nhn tay ngh cao v khng th sa i nu vt sn khng t yu cu THNH PHM To ra thnh phm nhanh (khong 10 15 pht). Tui th trung bnh sn phm cao (4 5 nm) C kh nng cch in To ra thnh phm chm, mt nhiu thi gian (phi ph

thuc thi tit) Tui th trung bnh sn phm thp Khng c kh nng cch in Qua bng so snh trn ta thy sn tnh in gip ta tit kim c rt nhiu chi ph trong sn xut, chi ph nhn cng v sn phm khi s dng sn tnh in gp nhiu thun li trong vic xut khu hn so vi sn nc khi qua th trng Chu Au v Chu M. NG DNG CA CNG NGH SN TNH IN: Hin nay cng ngh sn tnh in c ng dng rng ri trong rt nhiu ngnh cng nghip nh: cng nghip hng hi, cng nghip hng khng, cng nghip ch to xe hi v xe gn my, n cc lnh vc nh sn trang tr, xy dng cng nghip, xy dng dn dng, QUI TRNH SN XUT BT SN TNH IN: H THNG THIT B NG DNG CNG NGH SN TNH IN: X l b mt: Bao gm 4 b ha cht: B cha ho cht ty du m B cha axt ty g st B cha ho cht nh hnh b mt B cha ho cht pht pht ho b mt V 3 b nc dng x l b mt vt liu c sn trc khi a vo phun sn, nhm mc ch to hiu qu bm dnh tht cao cho bt sn. Thit b phun sn: gm sng sn v b iu khin Sng sn: c 2 loi: - Sng sn cm tay Sng sn t ng B iu khin: gm - L sy - Bung phun sn - Thit b thu hi - My ry bt QU TRNH PHUN SN: Quy trnh cng ngh h thng sn tnh in bt gm 4 bc c bn sau: X l b mt (Pre-treatment) Lm kh (Drying) Phun sn (Spray Painting) Sy (Paint Baking) Cc bc chi tit ca quy trnh: Bc 1: X l b mt sn phm trc khi sn: Sn phm (kim loi) trc khi sn tnh in phi c x l b mt. Thng thng sn phm c sn tnh in l kim loi. Ta xt trn b mt st: Vic x l b mt sn phm nhm mang li cc yu cu sau: Sn phm sch du m cng nghip (do vic gia cng c kh) Sn phm sch r st. Sn phm khng r st tr li trong thi gian cha sn. To lp bao ph tt cho vic bm dnh gia lp mng sn v kim loi. Do cc yu cu trn m vic x l b mt kim loi trc khi sn thng c x l theo phng php nhng sn phm vo cc b ha cht. H thng cc b ha cht bao gm cc b sau: B cha ha cht ty du m. B ra nc B cha axit ty r st, thng thng l H2SO4 hoc HCl. B ra nc. B cha ha cht nh hnh b mt. B cha ha cht Photphat ha b mt. B ra nc. Cc b ny c xy v ph nha Composite, hay lm bng thp khng r. Vt sn c ng trong cc r lm bng li thp khng r, di chuyn nh h thng balang in qua cc b theo th t trn. Bc 2: Sy kh b mt sn phm trc khi sn Sn phm sau khi x l ha cht phi c lm kh trc khi sn, l sy kh sn phm c chc nng sy kh hi nc nhanh chng a sn phm vo sn. Thng thng l sy c dng hnh khi. Sn phm c treo trn xe gng v y

vo l. L c ngun nhit chnh bng bp hng ngoi tuyn hoc Burner, nguyn liu t l Gas. Bc 3: Sn sn phm Sn phm sau khi x l ha cht v sy kh c a vo bung phun v thu hi sn. Do c tnh ca sn tnh in bt l dng sn bt, nn kh nng bm dnh ca sn ln b mt kim loi l nh lc tnh in, chnh v vy m bung phun sn cn ng mt vai tr quan trng l thu hi lng bt sn d, bt sn thu hi c trn thm vo bt sn mi ti s dng. Phn thu hi ny l c tnh kinh t u vit ca sn tnh in. Bung phun sn c 2 loi: Loi 1 sng phun: S dng 1 sng phun, vt sn c treo, mc bng tay vo bung phun. Loi 2 sng phun: Vt sn di chuyn trn bng ti vo bung phun, 2 sng phun 2 pha i din phun vo 2 mt ca sn phm. sn v thu hi bt sn, ta cn c thit b phun sn tnh in, v mt h thng cp kh gm my nn kh v my tch m. Bc 4: Sy nh hnh v hon tt sn phm Sau khi phun sn, sn phm c a vo l sy. Nhit sy: 1800C 2000C trong 10 pht L c ngun nhit chnh bng bp hng ngoi tuyn hoc Burner, nguyn liu t l Gas. THU HI BT SAU KHI SN: a. H thng thu hi: Dng Filter hoc cyclone b. Cch s dng li bt thu hi: c th s dng bt thu hi mt cch hiu qu nht ta phi trn bt thu hi vi bt mi theo t l 1:1. Nu bt c ln tp cht hoc tch in yu ta phi s dng my ry bt.