BI T P T

LU N ANCOL PHENOL D N XU T HALOGEN

27,3oC v 0,88

Bi 1 Cho 3,7 gam r u n ch c no tc d ng v i Na kin lo i th c 700 cm3 kh atm. 1) Tm cng th c c a r u. 2) Vi t c u t o cc ng phn. Bi gi i 1) Th tch kh ktc.

V0 = V

P To 0,88 273 = 700 = 56 ( ml ) P0 T 1 273 + 27,3

CnH2n+1ONa + 1/2H2 11,2 lt 0,56 lt

Ph n ng: CnH2n+1OH + Na (14n + 18) g 3,7 g

14n + 18 11, 2 = n=4 3, 7 0,56

2) C 4 ng phn r u CH3CH2CH2CH2OH (CH3)2CHOHCH3 CH3CH2CH2OH CH3 (CH3)3COH

Bi 2 un nng h n h p hai r u n ch c no v i H2SO4 c 1400C th c 21,6 g H2O v 72 g h n h p 3 este. Xc nh cng th c hai r u. Bi t r ng ba este trn c s mol b ng nhau v ph n ng x y ra hon ton. Bi gi i
H 2 SO4 d 2Cn H 2 n +1OH ( Cn H 2 n+1 )2 O + H 2O 1400 C

2x

H 2 SO4 d 2Cm H 2 m +1OH ( Cm H 2 m +1 )2 O + H 2O 1400 C

2x

H 2 SO4 d Cn H 2 n +1OH + Cm H 2 m +1OH Cn H 2 n +1OCm H 2 m +1 + H 2O 1400 C

S mol H2O:

x+ y+z =

21, 6 = 1, 2 ( mol ) 18

mr u = meste + mH2O = 72 + 21,6 = 93,6 g.

mr u = (14n + 18)(2x + z) + (14m + 18) + (2y + z) V x = y = z (14n + 14m)(2x + z + 2y + z) + 18.2(z +y + z) = 93,6 n+m=3 n = 1; m = 2 ho c ng c l i Cng th c: CH3OH v C2H5OH Bi 3 C hai r u n ch c X v Y trong phn t m i r u ch a khng qu 3 nguyn t cacbon. un nng h n h p X, Y v i H2SO4 c 1400C thu c h n h p 3 este v i s mol b ng nhau. Thm vo bnh 11 g h n h p kh B c kh i l ng phn t trung bnh l 35. B t tia l a i n t chy h t h n h p kh trung bnh sau a v 00C th p su t trung bnh l 0,7 atm. L ng O2 d b ng 1 l ng oxi ban
6

u.

1) Tm cng th c phn t c a hai r u. 2) Tnh kh i l ng c a m i r u este ha. 3) Tnh dung tch V c a bnh. Bi gi i 1) G i x l s mol c a este t o b i X v Y cng th c CmHmO em t chy G i a v b l s mol l n l t c a CO v O2 c a h n h p A c kh i l ng 11 g Ta c: 28a + 32b = 11
11 220 = a+b 7

a = 0,05 mol (CO), b = 0,3 mol (O2). H n h p B g m c este v h n h p A. B g m c: 0,05 mol CO2, 0,3 mol O2 v x mol CnH2nO

28.0, 05 + 32.0,3 + (12n + m + 16 ) x = 35(1) 0,35 + x Ph n ng chy: CO + 1/2O2 CO2 MB =

m 1 m Cn H mO + n + O2 nCO2 + H 2O 4 2 2 4n + m 2 x x mol mol nx mol 4 4n + m 2 0,3 x = 0,3 0, 025 + = 0, 225 4 6 0,9 x= (2) 4n + m 2

T (1) v (2) suy ra: 5,8n = 14,6 + 0,35 m

m=

5,8n 14, 6 0,35

i u ki n n v m nguyn dng v < 6 Th n v m vo (2) suy ra:

x=

0,9 = 0,05 ( mol ) 18

Cng th c c a este l: C3H8O CH3 O C2H5. Nn cng th c c a hai r u: CH3OH v C2H5OH. 2) Cc ph n ng 2CH3OH CH3OCH3 + H2O 2CH5OH C2H5 O C2H5 + H2O CH3O C2H5 CH3OH + CH5OH mC2H5OH = 46.0,15 = 6,9 g. mCH3OH = 32.0,15 = 4,8 g. 3) Kh trong bnh sau khi t chy. nCO2 = (0,05 + nx) = 0,2 nO2 d = 0,3 1 =0,05 mol.
6

p d ng cng th c:

PV PV0 = 0 T T0
V = 8 lt. Bi 4. Cho 62,4 g dung d ch g m phenol, r u etylic c l n n c tc d ng v i Na kim lo i th thu c 11,2 lt kh ( ktc). N u cho h n h p ny tc d ng v i 200 ml dung d ch NaOH 2M th v a . Tm thnh ph n % kh i l ng c a h n h p. Bi gi i Ph n ng:

1 C6 H 5OH + Na C6 H 5ONa + H 2 2
x x/2

1 C2 H 5OH + Na C2 H 5ONa + H 2 2
y y/2

1 H 2O + Na NaOH + H 2 2
z z/2

C6 H 5OH + NaOH C6 H 5ONa + H 2O

S mol H2:

x + y + z 11, 2 = = 0,5 ( mol ) 2 22,5

S mol c a NaOH:

CM V 2.200 = = 0, 4 ( mol ) 1000 1000

MC6H5OH = 94.0,4 = 37,6 g x + z = 1 0,4 = 0,6 mol. Kh i l ng h n h p r u v i n c. 62,4 37,6 = 24,8 g. C h : 46y + 18z = 24,8. y + z = 0,6 y = 0,5 z = 0,1

37, 6.100 = 60, 25 62, 4 23.100 %C6 H 5OH = = 36,85 62, 4 %C6 H 5OH =
Bi 5 M t s dung d ch ch a 6,1 g ng ng c a phenol n ch c. Cho dung d ch trn tc d ng v i n c brom c d th thu c 17,95 g h p ch t ch a 3 nguyn t brom trong phn t . Hy xc nh ng ng c a phenol. Bi gi i t cng th c c a phenol l CxHyOH. Ph n ng: CxHyOH + 3Br2 CxHy-3Br3OH + 3HBr M (M + 80.3-3) 6,1 17,95 Ta c:

M M + 237 237 = = = 20 6,1 17,95 11,85

12x + y = 105

M = 6,1.20 = 122 12x + y + 17 = 122

V ng ng c a phenol nn x 7 x=7 x = 21 (lo i) x=8 x = 9 (nh n) C8H9OH c u t o: C2H5 C6H4 OH Bi 6 Cho 47 g phenol tc d ng v i 200 g dung d ch HNO3 68% v 250 g H2SO4 96% ph n ng x y ra hon ton. Hy tnh: - Kh i l ng c a axit picric (2, 4, 6 - trinitro phenol) - N ng % dung d ch HNO3 cn th a sau khi tch h t axit picric ra. Bi gi i Ph n ng C6H5OH + HNO3 C6H2(NO2)3 + 3H2O S mol phenol: 47 = 0,5 ( mol )
94

Kh i l ng c a axit picric:

M C6 H 2 ( NO2 )3 OH = 229
M = 229.0,5 = 114,5 g V s mol axit picric = s mol phenol S mol HNO3 ph n ng: 0,5.3 = 1,5. S mol axit HNO3 t t c : 200.68 = 2,16
100.63

S mol HNO3 d = 2,16 1,5 = 0,66 mol Kh i l ng HNO d = 63.0,66 = 41,58 g 41,58.100 % HNO3 = = 10,87% 47 + 200 + 250 114,5 Bi 7 M t h n h p g m hai r u lin ti p nhau trong dy ng ng c a r u etylic. L y 5,3 g h n h p trn tc d ng v i Na r i d n kh thu c qua ng II oxit nung nng th c 0,9 g H2O. N u t chy 1,06 g h n h p y kh thot ra cho vo bnh ch a dung d ch Ca(OH)2 d th c 5g k t t a. 1) Tm cng th c phn t , cng th c c u t o c a hai r u 2) Tnh thnh ph n ph n trm h n h p v kh i l ng.

Bi gi i 1)

Tm cng th c phn t 1 Cn H 2 n +1OH + Na Cn H 2 n +1ONa + H 2 2 x x/2 1 Cm H 2 m +1OH + Na Cm H 2 m +1ONa + H 2 2 y y/2 H 2 + CuO H 2O + Cu

x+ y 2 3n Cn H 2 n +1OH + O2 CO2 + (n + 1) H 2O 2 x nx 3n Cm H 2 m +1OH + O2 CO2 + (m + 1) H 2O 2 y my
CO2 + Ca ( OH )2 CaCO3 + H 2O

x+ y 2

18 S mol CO2 l: 5 = 0, 05 ( mol ) 100

S mol H2O l: 0,9 = 0, 05 ( mol ) = x + y x + y = 0,1

2

S mol r u trong 1,06 g r u b ng: 0,11, 06 = 0, 02 ( mol )

5,3

Ta c nx + my = 0,05 (1) x + y = 0,02 (2) m=n+1 (3) nx + my 0, 05 ntb = = = 2,5 x+ y 0, 02 n < ntb < m n < 2,5 < m n = 2 C2H5OH v m = 3 C3H7OH 2) Tm thnh ph n ph n trm kh i l ng h n h p A nx + my = 2x + 3y = 0,05 x + y = 0,02 x = y = 0,01 mol. 60.0, 01.100% %C3 H 7OH = = 59% 1, 06

Bi 8 Cho benzen vo brom l ng c Fe xc tc th thu c s n ph m ch a Brom c kh i l ng g n g p i. N u thu c 7,2 g s m ph m v i hi u su t 80%. a) Tnh th tch benzen dung (d = 0,9) b) Xc nh cng th c, g i tn s n ph m. Bi gi i C6H6 + xBr2 xHBr + C6H6-xBrx MB MS Ta c: M s 78 x + 80 x = =2 MB 78

78 + 79 x = 156 156 78 =1 79 V y s n ph m l: C6H5Br (mono brom benzen) C 80% th thu c 7,2 g 7, 2.100 = 9( g ) 100% th thu c m = 80 157 g s n ph m c n 78 g benzen 78,9 = 4, 47 ( g ) 9 g s n ph m c n 157 4, 47 VBenzen = = 4,968 ( cm3 ) 0,9 x=
Bi 9 M t hidrocacbon A th l ng c t kh i hi so v i khng kh b ng 2,7 a) t chy A thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l kh i l ng 4,9:1. Tm cng th c c a A. b) Cho A tc d ng v i brom theo t l 1:1 c b t Fe xc tc th thu c B v kh C. Kh C c h p th b i 2 lt dung d ch NaOH 0,5M. trung ho NaOH d c n 0,5 lt dung d ch HCl 1M. Tnh kh i l ng A ph n ng v kh i l ng B t o thnh. Bi gi i a) Kh i l ng phn t c a A. MA = 29.2,7 = 78,3 Ph n ng:

y y C x H y + x + O2 xCO2 + H 2O 4 2

mCO2 mH 2O

4,9 44 x 4,9 = x= y 1 9y 1

12 x + y = 13x = 78,3 x = 6
Cng th c: C6H6. b) Ph n ng
Fe C6 H 6 + Br2 C6 H 5 Br + HBr t0

x x x x HBr + NaOH = NaBr + H2O S mol NaOH = 2.0,5 = 1 mol S mol HBr = 1 0,5 = 0,5 mol S mol HBr = s mol C6H6 = S mol C6H5Br

mC6 H 6 = 78.0,5 = 39 ( g ) mC6 H 6 Br = 157.0,5 = 78,5 ( g )

Bi 10 Cho h n h p X g m hai r u no A v B m ch th ng (A n ch c, B a ch c). T l kh i l ng 1:1. N u cho h n h p tc d ng v i Na th VH2 sinh ra t B =

16 VH sinh ra r A (cng 17 2

i u ki n). N u t chy hon ton 13,6 g h n h p X th thu c 10,36 lt CO2 ( ktc) v t kh i dB/A = 4,25. Hy xc nh cng th c A v B. Bi gi i t cng th c c u r u A v r u B l n l t l: CnH2n+1OH, CmH2m+3-x(OH)x MA = 14n + 18 v MB = 14m + 16x + 2 M d B / A = B = 4, 25 M B = 4, 25M A MA Ph n ng

1 ROH + Na RONa + H 2 2 MA 0,05 mol 0,5mA nH 2 = mA MA R ( OH )x + xNa R ( ONa ) x +

MA mA

x H2 2

0,05x mol 0,5mA nH 2 = MA

V i mA: mB = 1:1

mA = mB

nH 2 ( B ) =

0,5 x.mB 16 0,5.mA 16 nH 2 ( A ) = 17 MB 17 M A

V i: mA = mB = m MB = 4,25MA 0,5 x.m 16 0,5.m = 4, 25M A 17 M A Suy ra: x = 4, 25

16 =4 17 3n Cn H 2 n +1OH + O2 nCO2 + ( n + 1) H 2O 2 a na 3m Cm H 2 m +1OH + O2 mCO2 + ( m + 1) H 2O 2 a ma 13, 6 = 0, 4625 T l 1:1 mA = mB = 2 na + mb = 0,4625

13, 6 = 0, 4625 2 10,36 = 0, 46 S mol CO2 = 22, 4 mA = mB =

a= m 6,8 = , MA MA

b=

m 6,8 = M B 4, 25M A

6,8 6,8 n+ m = 0, 4625 MA 4, 25M A

6,8.n.4, 25 + 6,8m = 0, 4625.4, 25.(14n + 18)

4, 25n + m = 0, 4625.4, 25 (14n + 18) = 0, 289(14n + 18) = 4, 046n + 5, 202 6,8

m = 5, 2 0, 204n (1)
Ta l i c: MB = 4,25MA 14m + 66 = 4,25(14n+18) 14m + 66 = 59,5 + 76,5

m = 4,25n + 0,75 (2) T (1) v (2) suy ra: 4,25n + 0,75 = 5,2 0,204n n=1 Cng th c phn t c a A v B l: CH3OH v C5H8(OH)4.