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Rongchaua
Gii thut._______________________________________________________________________ 5
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
5
5
5
5
4.2
M ha tin tc.__________________________________________________________________ 7
4.3
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3.1
Hm mt chiu. _____________________________________________________________________
Public Key. __________________________________________________________________________
Private Key. _________________________________________________________________________
V d vi s gip ca RSA Tool : __________________________________________________
V d. _________________________________________________________________________ 8
5.1
Chun b. ________________________________________________________________________ 8
5.2
To kha. _______________________________________________________________________ 8
5.3
M ha.__________________________________________________________________________ 9
5.4
Gii m. _________________________________________________________________________ 9
5.5
Kt lun. _______________________________________________________________________ 10
5.6
Ch k k thut s__________________________________________________________ 11
ng dng. ___________________________________________________________________ 12
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Rongchaua
Gii thiu.
Vi s pht trin nh v bo ca nn cng ngh thng tin trong cc thp k
qua th cc h thng bo mt cng nh cc phng php bo mt mi hng
lat ra i nhm p ng nhu cu bo mt d liu trong qu trnh truyn ti.
Ni n cc gii thut m ha d liu ni ting v c s dng rng ri hin
nay c th k n nh MD5, CRC32, v RSA.
Nh quy lut t nhin, v qut dy, mng tay nhn, bo mt cao cch my
th cng c th b gy. Nhng MD5-Hash, CRC32-Hash vi mt my tnh
mnh v mt chng trnh bruteforce tt th trong vng 21 ngy mt mt m
chun (gm k t hoa, thng, k t c bit, s v c chiu di ln hn 8 k
t) c m ha bng MD5 c th b b gy d dng. Nh vy, vic bo mt
d liu trn ng truyn ngy cng i hi nhng gii thut mnh hn, kh
b gy hn. V hin nay dn u v tnh bo mt trong cc gii thut thng
dng c th nhc n RSA.
Vy RSA l g? RSA l mt gii thut (phng php) m ha d liu in
t, c ly theo tn ca ba nh pht minh Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir,
Leonard Adleman. RSA c pht trin vo nm 1977 da trn:
o L thuyt v kha m (Public Key) ca Whitfield Diffie v Martin
Hellman. Cho nn RSA c xp vo nhm gii thut s dng phng
php bt i xng hoc phng php Public Key.
o Php tan m ha mt chiu vi kin thc tan hc c bn Vic tch
mt s ra thnh 2 s nguyn t thng qua mt php tan chia th
rt kh. Trong khi vic to ra mt s t php nhn ca 2 s
nguyn t th li rt n gin.
Da trn tng trn, RSA c p dng vo qu trnh truyn ti d liu nh
sau.
o Mt kha ring s c to ra da trn cc s nguyn t.
o Mt kha chung s c to ra da trn kha ring ny theo mt hm
mt chiu. Tc l vic tm li kha ring t kha chung ny l mt
iu gn nh l khng th. Do , kha chung c th gi i trn
mng.
o Kha chung s c truyn i trn mng trong qu trnh truyn ti d
liu.
o D liu nhn c s c m ha da theo kha chung ny, v s
c gii m bng kha ring.
d hiu chng ta c th xem v d sau:
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Rongchaua
Server
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
Client 1
(1)
Client 2
Client 3
Client 4
(3)
(1) :
o
o
o
(2) :
o
(3) :
o
o
o
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Rongchaua
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Rongchaua
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Rongchaua
4.1.4.2 T lp trnh.
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Rongchaua
int p = 11,q =
int N = p * q;
int phi = (p int k=1;
while (((phi *
!= 0))
{
k++;
}
int exp= 17;
int d = (phi *
13;
1) * (q - 1);
k + 1) % exp
k + 1) / exp;
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Rongchaua
V d.
5.1 Chun b.
Nh vy, chng ta va han thnh m ha v gii m mt s n gin bng
gii thut RSA. D nhin trong thc t gii thut RSA c s dng v bin tu
phc tp hn gp nhiu ln. V vy chng ta li tip tc vi mt v d khc
phc tp hn mt cht gn lin vi thc tin hn.
Trong thc t ngi ta s dng bng m ASCII chuyn Text sang dng s.
Sau , ngi ta s dng gii thut RSA m ha d liu Text dng s ny
ri truyn trn mng . y n gin, thay v s dng k t ASCII chng
ta s dng th t ca cc ch ci trong bng ch ci.
A = 01, B = 02, C = 03 v 00 = k t trng.
5.2 To kha.
Trc tin ta chn 2 s nguyn t p & q. Chn p = 53 v q = 51. Lu iu
kin l N = 51*53 phi ln hn 2626
Chn ra e = 0xB (tc 11 h thp phn).
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Rongchaua
5.3 M ha.
Cn = Kne mod N (
C1 = 181511 mod
C2 = 140711 mod
C3 = 030811 mod
..
vi n = 1,2,3 ).
2703 = 1500.
2703 = 939.
2703 = 1344.
5.4 Gii m.
Kn = Cnd mod N
K1 = 15001891 mod 2703 = 1815
K2 = 9391891 mod 2703 = 1407
K3 = 13441891 mod 2703 = 308
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Rongchaua
5.5 Kt lun.
Nh vy ta han thnh phn m ha, gii m ca gii thut RSA vi mt
Text.
5.6 phc tp ca gii thut RSA.
Gii thut RSA cho php chng ta m ha vi cc mc phc tp khc nhau
bng cch thit lp ln ca Keysize (Bits).
Chng ta c th lm mt v d hiu r hn v mc phc tp ca gii
thut RSA.
u tin chng ta thit lp cc thng s nh sau.
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Rongchaua
Ch k k thut s
Mt trong nhng ng dng to ln ca RSA chnh l vic to ch k k
thut s cho cc ti liu. V sao chng ta li cn ch k k thut s? l v
trong qu trnh truyn ti d liu chng ta cn phi chc chn rng ti liu
m chng ta nhn c c phi t ngun m chng ta mong mun hay
khng.
Chng ta s lm mt v d n gin cho r rng hn.
Gi s Ti mun gi cho Mi mt ti liu. Th Ti s lm cc bc sau.
o Trc tin Ti to mt kha ring (d,N) v mt kha chung (e,N).
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Rongchaua
ng dng.
H thng Internet v in thai : X.509 Certifikate.
Giao thc truyn ti : IPSec, TLS, SSH, WASTE.
M ha Email : PGP, S/MIME.
Thanh tan bng th : EMV.
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Rongchaua
Rongchaua chp bt
My Email : rongchaua@reaonline.net
My Website : www.rongchaua.nth12a1.com
46a42a575a3115eff2d2a37e9cf33626 ngha ca an MD5 ny l g?
Nu ti c g sai st, vui lng lin h email trn mng vn.
16.04.2006-16.12.2006
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