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What is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?
Input Process Output Storage Communication

Introduction to Computing

Lecture 02 Dated: 20/02/2012

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The Components of a Computer

What is an input device?
Hardware used to enter data and instructions

The Components of a Computer

What is an output device?
Hardware that conveys information to one or more people

The Components of a Computer

What is the system unit?
Case containing electronic components used to process data

The Components of a Computer

What are two main components on the motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processor The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer

Memory
Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions
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The Components of a Computer

The Motherboard

The Components of a Computer

The Speed Factor

Light travels at about 286,000 miles per second. In one billionth of a second, an electronic signal travels almost 12 inches. A supercomputer can perform more than 12.3 trillion instructions per second. If a person did one arithmetic operation a second without stopping, it would take him how much time to perform the number of operations a supercomputer can do in one second ?? More than 211,800 years !!!
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The Components of a Computer

What is storage?
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored

The Components of a Computer

What is storage media?
Digital cameras

Portable, thin memory cards used in:

Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium

Handheld computers

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The Components of a Computer

What is a floppy disk?
Thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell

The Components of a Computer

What is a USB flash drive?
Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip disk Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket
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The Components of a Computer

What is a hard disk?
Provides greater storage capacity than a floppy disk, Zip disk, or USB flash drive Most are housed inside of the system unit

The Components of a Computer

What is a compact disc?
Flat, round, portable metal disc
CD-ROM DVD-ROM

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The Components of a Computer

What is a communications device?
Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media

Networks and the Internet

What is a network?
Collection of computers and devices connected together
Communications Device
Enables a connection between computers One type is a modem
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Transmission Media
Cables Telephone lines Satellites

Networks and the Internet

What are the reasons to network?
To share
Resources Hardware devices

Networks and the Internet

A server
manages the resources on a network Clients access the resources on the server

Software programs Data

To save time Information and money

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Networks and the Internet

What is the Internet?
Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

Networks and the Internet

Why do users access the Internet?
1. Communications 2. Information 3. Shopping 4. Banking and Investing 5. Classes 6. Entertainment

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Networks and the Internet

What is the Web?
Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet

Summary
We have studied and understood:

The components of a computer

A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

Networks and the Internet

A Web page contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pages

You can share information by creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo sharing community
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