Tm hiu v Automation Testing tools

Trong th gii ngn ng lp trnh, hn cc bn bit v lm quen vi nhng ngn ng nh C, C++, C#, VB, Delphi, ASP.NET! V cng c th cc bn tng lm hoc mi nghe ni n cc tools nh: QuickTestProfessional, TestComplete, RanoRex, LoadRunner, hoc CodedUITesting (Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate version). Cc tools l g, chng lm g hay lin quan g n th gii lp trnh phn mm? Trong s dn IT chng ta hu nh ai cng tng develop hay s hu mt hoc vi sn phm nh do chnh tay chng ta vit tht t ho. V i vi c nhn chng ta, khi bt tay vo lm phn mm th hu nh ch quan tm n ci mc ch chnh ca sn phm nh n s c s dng nh th no, c ph hp vi yu cu ca ngi dng hay khng, c p mt hay khng! Ch chng ta t khi quan tm n quy trnh m chng ta vit ra sn phm . Nhc n quy trnh c rt nhiu m hnh c p dng ngy nay nh WaterFall (M hnh thc nc), Agile (M hnh bm nh mt d n thnh nhiu giai on con) Nhng d p dng m hnh no i chng na, th chng u phi c cc khu: Requirement->Design->Coding->Testing->Deployment. Mi khu trong quy trnh pht trin phn mm u c mc quan trng ring ca n, v i vi cc cng ty phn mm, doanh nghip phn mm, v cc cng ty phn mm nc ngoi th quy trnh chnh l iu kin bt buc m bo cht lng sn phm phn mm trc khi a n vo trin khai s dng. Mc tiu ca bi vit ny mnh mun gii thiu cng nh chia s vi cc bn cc kin thc, nhng kinh nghim v Automation Testing support chng ta trong giai on testing cho phn mm. D nhin, ri dn dn cc bn cng s phi lm cho mt doanh nghip phn mm ln, hoc chnh cc bn cng s tr thnh ng ch ca mt cng ty phn mm trong tng lai. Nn mnh hy vng rng, hy c mt ci nhn tch cc hn v vn Testing v cht lng ca sn phm trc khi a chng n tay End User, ch khng n thun ch coding. i su hn mt cht v Testing, mnh xin a ra vi khi nim (thng gp) v Testing trong qu trnh lm phn mm (Thc t th mnh cha bao gi ng vai tr l mt Tester c) Nhng khi nim v Testing: Unit Testing: mi khi pht trin mt module, function cc bn u phi thc hin Unit Test. i vi cc testers, h s thc hin vic Unit Test theo cc test cases vit sn nh: Login sai 3 ln th account c b lock hay khng? Hoc Login xong th redirect ti ng Page hoc Window mong mun hay khng v.v. Cn i vi Developer lm Unit Test c v khc mt cht, h phi thc hin code Unit Test Script (dng Nunit hoc Junit tools), mc ch kim tra xem cc Functions, Modules thuc tng BO hoc DAO c thc hin ng khng? V d: Kim tra xem hm SaveCustomer c save c vo DB hay khng, chng ta phi to mt object Customer, khi to data ban u ri gi hm SaveCustomer trong Unit Test Script v thc hin vic Assertion (nh gi, mt function ca Unit Test) so snh gi tr tr v ca hm SaveCustomer (Actual Output) v gi tr bn t gi nh l Save thnh cng (Expected Result). Integration Testing: Vic testing ny c thc hin mi khi cc modules, functions, cc components c tch hp li vi nhau, v vic testing m bo xem cc modules hoc cc functions c thc hin ng so vi mt bn design tng th ban u chng ta lm hay khng. Regression Testing (Important for Automation Testing) : Bn bit rng, trong sut giai on pht trin phn mm bn thng xuyn phi thay i functions, hoc modules no , cho ph hp vi yu cu thc t. Hoc sau khi deliver sn phm cho khch hng, khch hng yu cu chng ta thay i 1 module, hoc mt function, th sau khi cc bn change requirements, cc bn phi thc hin li vic Testing, v d nhin nu lm bng tay, cc bn s mt rt nhiu cng sc v thi gian v c th cn khng chnh xc. Automation Testing v ti sao? t vn : Cc bn ang lm trong mt d n ln cho mt cty ln. D n ca cc bn c khong 5 testers. V

vn y l khch hng yu cu cc bn (testers) thc hin vic testing cho sn phm vi cc data ca vic test s do chnh khch hng cung cp. Khch hng gi cho cc bn mt file excel vi tng s row data cho vic test l 20.000 rows. (y l mt v d, nhng n thc t trong chnh d n mnh ang lm li ln ti gp i con s trn nn cc bn c th hi ngc nhin v sao li nhiu data nh vy). Yu cu ca bi ton testing: Vi mi mt row data nhp vo h thng (sn phm cc Developer ca chng ta ang code), h thng s tnh ton v phi a ra mt gi tr chnh xc vi gi tr khch hng cung cp. y, khch hng cung cp cho cc bn c Input Data, Expected Result, vic cn li bn s phi ly Output data trn sn phm cc bn ang lm compare vi Expected ca khch hng. Test case: Ch gm cc bc nh nhp d liu vo textboxes, comboboxes, clicking on some buttons, ri ly kt qu trn mn hnh, so snh vi Expected Result ca khch hng, ri mark vo report l Pass or Fail. Manual Testing: 5 Testers ca chng ta s phi h hc ngi nhp tng row data m khch hng provided vo h thng (trn UI), Lc u rt ho hng v vic test khng c g kh khn, nhng vic c lp i lp li n chn ngt, bun ng => c ngi nhp ng cc Input data, nhng li ly sai Actual Output. C ngi nhp sai c Input Data! Mnh estimate nh sau: C 5 pht th mt tester lm xong mt case (mt row) v a ra c report l pass hay fail. Mt ngy 5 testers s lm c: 5 ngi *((8h * 60 pht)/5 pht mt row) = 480 cases. Vy phi mt 41,6 ngy lm vic th 5 testers ca chng ta mi kt thc c 20.000 rows data. Cc bn ngh sao, liu cc testers c chm ch lm 1 ngy 8h hay khng? Liu c sau 5p h c xong mt test case (row) hay khng? V liu h c b bun ng v lm nhm hay khng? Con s mnh estimate bn trn ch l estimate. Ch cn thc t, nh tester m th sao, nh v ly chng th sao? Hoc nh xin ngh vic i du lch th sao??? Thm mt vn cc k quan trng na, sau 41,6 ngy lm vic chm ch, cc testers cng complete c report v gi cho khch hng review. Sau khi xem xong report, khch hng rt rt khen ngi tinh thn v kt qu lm vic ca testers ca chng ta. Nhng rt tic, chng ta thc hin vic test trn mt module b Developers ca chng ta code sai. Cc con s sai lch khng nhiu nhng bt buc chng ta phi fix ci module sai . Hoc sau khi test xong, chng ta li develop thm mt module nh na v s tch hp vi module c. Kt qu l chng ta li phi thc hin vic test li vi 20.000 bn ghi data chun kia. (Xin chia bun vi cc testers xinh p, thi c gng thu xp chng con ri li Overtime vi cc anh Developers ga lng). Automation Testing: Trn u topic, mnh nu ra vi Automation test tools! Nhng trc ht Automation Testing l g? L mt software program dng chy mt cch t ng thay th cc thao tc testing bng tay. u im ca Automation Testing: N chy thay th testers v khng bit mt, khng c chuyn m au, khng c chuyn phi dng cht, n qu vt, hay i WC. Chng c th chy lin tc ngy m, mt khi chy ng c 1 case, th chng ta yn tm rng Script s chy ng nhng g chng ta yu cu. Nhng g chng ta cn vit scripts cho bi ton trn: Vit cc script code gi lp vic nhp d liu vo Textboxes, chn mt item trong combobox, click vo mt checkbox, hoc click vo Button. V chng ta cng phi vit scripts ly d liu Output t mt textbox, label, hoc datagrid so snh vi Expected ca khch hng. Chng ta cng phi vit cc scripts compare d liu, v a ra kt qu l Pass hay Fail. V cui cng chng ta s cho Script ca chng ta chy m ngy cn chng ta s ngi c bo, hc thm sch technical, hoc hc ting anh, i ung tr . . Cn cc em testers xinh p s vt v hn rt nhiu, d nhin cc em s yu qu chng ta hn! Trong bi vit tip theo, mnh s gii thiu n cc bn chi tit hn v cc Automation Testing tools, u nhc im ca chng!