Do An Thuy Cong

i Hc Thy Li _ 2010 n mn hc Thy Cng
Sv: o Vn Nhng _ 49CT2

1

N MN HC
TNH TON LC V THM
S : 46 _ B
A. TNH TON LC TC DNG LN CNG TRNH
I. Ti liu
1. Mc nc v cao trnh
- Cao trnh y p: + 100 m
- MNDBT ca h: 145,5 m
- H
= H
1
= MNDBT - V
y
= 145,5-100=45,5 m
- Cao trnh bn ct lng ng: +108 m
- Mc nc h lu: +105 m
2. Ti liu mt ct p (hnh v)
MNDBT=145,5
MNHL=105
Hd
CTBC=108
Mn ch?ng th?m
100
b
nB
(1-n)B
5

- Cao trnh nh p: = MNDBT+5 m = 150,5 m
- nh mt c bn nm ngang MNDBT
- B rng nh B=5m; y B=0,8H
1
= 36,4 m
- H s ct nc cn li sau mn chng thm:
1
= 0,5.
- Phn hnh chiu ca mi thng lu ln mt bng: nB, trong n=0,2
- Dung trng b tng:
b
= 2,4 T/m
3
= 24 KN/m
3

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2

3. Cc ti liu khc
Tc gi tnh ton: V = 24 m/s
Chiu di truyn sng: D = 4,5 km
Thi gian gi thi lin tc: 6 gi
Vng xy dng c ng t cp 8: K=
20
1

Ch tiu bn ct lng ng:
k
= 1,0 T/m3; n
bc
=0,45;
bc
= 10
0
.
II. Cc yu cu tnh ton
1. Xc nh cc yu t ca sng bnh qun, dnh cao nht ca sng
2. V gin p lc sng ln mt p thng lu, tnh P
max
v M
max

3. Xc nh tr s v v tt c cc lc ln 1 mt di p
B. TNH THM DI Y CNG TRNH
I. Ti liu
Cng B c s v kch thc nh hnh v: L
1
=17,5 m, L
2
=14 m, S
1
=8
m, S
2
=3m, Z
1
=10,5 m, Z
2
=2,5 m, T
0
=12 m.
L2 L1
S1=8 m
0.5
S2=3 m
Z1
Z2
A
B
C
D
E F
G
0.00
T
1

II. Yu cu tnh ton
1. Dng cc phng php tnh thm hc xc nh lu lng thm
q, v biu p lc thm ln bn y
2. So snh kt qu gii c bng cc phng php v cho nhn xt.
3. Kim tra kh nng mt n nh v thm ca nn.
4. a Nu kt cu ng vin thm khng i nhng h s thm K
thay i th cc kt qu tnh ton trn thay i nh th no?

3

b - Nu kt cu ng vin thm khng i nhng chnh lch ct
nc H thay i th cc kt qu tnh ton trn thay i nh th no?
5. Nu cng xy dng vng triu, khi ct nc i chiu cc kt qu
tnh no cn s dng c? ti sao? Cc ng vin thm c cn
thay i g khng? Ti sao?

A. TNH TON LC TC DNG LN CNG TRNH

I. Xc nh cc yu t ca sng
1. Cc yu t sng trung bnh
Gi thit l sng nc su: s dng th hnh P2-1 (trang 115
n Thy Cng).
Tnh cc gi tr khng th nguyn
8829
24
3600 . 6 . 81 , 9
= =
V
gt

64 , 76
24
4500 . 81 , 9
2 2
= =
V
gD

Tra th hnh P2-1 ta c:
=
=
=
078 , 0
9 , 3
8829
2
V
h g
V
g
V
gt
=
=
=
016 , 0
46 , 1
64 , 76
2
2
V
h g
V
g
V
gD

Ly cp gi tr nh hn:
=
=
016 , 0
46 , 1
2
V
h g
V
g

h = m
g
V
V
h g
94 , 0
81 , 9
24
. 016 , 0 ). (
2 2
2
= =

4

_
= m
g
V
V
g
57 , 3
81 , 9
24
. 46 , 1 ). ( = =

Bc sng trung bnh c xc nh theo cng thc:
20
14 , 3 . 2
57 , 3 . 81 , 9
2
.
2
_
2
_
= = =
g
m
Kim tra iu kin ban u:
H
1
= 45,5 m >
2
=10 m
Vy sng l sng nc su vi cc c trng:
h = 0,94 m
_
= 20 m
_
= 3,57 m.
2. Chiu cao sng vi mc m bo i% xc nh theo cng thc:

h
i%
= k
i%
. h
Trong k
i%
tra theo th hnh P2-2 (trang 116 Gio trnh n Thy Cng)
Vi
=
=
64 , 76
% 1
2
V
gD
i
k
i
= 2,1
Vy h
i%
= h = 2,1.0,94 =1,97 m
3. dnh cao nht ca sng:
q
s
= k
qs
.h
Trong : k
qs
xc nh theo th P2-4a (trang 116 n Thy
Cng).


5

Vi
= =
= =
047 , 0
20
94 , 0
44 , 0
5 , 45
20
1
h
H
k
qs
= 1,13
h chiu cao sng vi mc m bo tng ng (1%).
Vy q
s
= 1,13.1,97 = 2,23 m
(mc nc dng bnh thng nm trn phn mi nghing ca p nn khng
c sng leo)
II. Xc nh cc lc tc dng ln cng trnh (theo bi ton phng)
1. p lc thy tnh: tc dng mt thng lu v h lu p, bao gm cc
thnh phn thng ng v nm ngang.
a) Mt thng lu:
- Thnh phn thng ng:
W
1
=
2
1
.
n
.n.H
1
2

Trong : n- h s mi nghing thng lu
n = cotg =
1
H
nB
= 16 , 0
45,5
0,2.36,4
=

n
khi lng ring ca nc (10 KN/m
3
).

W
1
=
2
1
.10.0,16.45,5
2
=1656,2 KN
im t cch A v pha tri 1 on:
x
1
=B -
3
'
1
H n
=36,4 -
3
5 , 45 . 16 , 0
= 33.97 m.
- Thnh phn nm ngang:

W
2
=
2
1
.
n
.H
1
2
=
2
1
.10.45,5
2

=10351,25 KN
im t cch y:
3
1
2
H
y = = 17 , 15
3
5 , 45
= m
b) Mt h lu:

6

- Thnh phn thng ng: W
3
=
2
1
.
n
.m.h
2
2

Trong : m= cotg =
1
). 1 (
H
B n
= 64 , 0
5 , 45
4 , 36 ). 2 , 0 1 (
=

W
3
=
2
1
.10.0,64.5
2
= 80 KN
im t cch A v pha tri: x
3
=
3
'.
2
h m
=
3
5 . 64 , 0
= 1,07 m.
- Thnh phn ngang: W
4
=
2
1
.
n
.h
2
2
=
2
1
.10.5
2
= 125 KN
im t cch y: y
4
=
3
2
h
= 1,67 m.
2. p lc sng
p lc sng ln nht t c ng vi dnh:
' .h k
d d
=
Trong :
d
k
tra theo th hnh (3-7c), Gio trnh thy cng tp

I;
Vi
= =
= =
047 , 0
20
94 , 0
44 , 0
5 , 45
20
1
h
H

d
k
= 0,3

h- chiu cao sng vi mc m bo tng ng (1%).
' .h k
d d
= = 0,3.1,97 = 0,591 m
Tr s p lc sng ln nht tc dng ln mt p xc nh theo cng thc:
W
s
= )
2
'
'.( . .
1
h
H h K
n d
+
Trong : h s K
xc nh theo th hnh P2-4c (trang 116 n Thy

Cng).

7

Vi
= =
= =
047 , 0
20
94 , 0
44 , 0
5 , 45
20
1
h
H
K

= 0,14
W
s
= )
2
'
'.( . .
1
h
H h K
n d
+ = 0,14.10.1,97.(45,5+
2
97 , 1
) = 128,2
KN

- Mmen ln nht i vi chn p do sng gy ra:
)
2 2
'.
6
'
'.( . .
2
1 1
2
max
H H h h
h K M
n m
+ + =
Trong h s K
m
xc nh theo th hnh P2-4d (trang 116 n Thy
Cng).
Vi
= =
= =
047 , 0
20
94 , 0
44 , 0
5 , 45
20
1
h
H
K
m
= 0,21
M
max
= 0,21.10.1,97.(
6
97 , 1
2
+
2
5 , 45 . 97 , 1
+
2
5 , 45
2
) = 4470,4 KNm
im t cch y 1 on: y
s
= M
max
/W
s
= 4470,4/128,2 = 34,87
m.
3. p lc y ngc
Cng trnh chu 2 loi p lc thm y ngc l Lc thm y ngc v
Lc thy tnh y ngc (do p ngp pha h lu).
- p lc thm y ngc:
Cng lc thm y ngc sau mn chng thm l
P
max
=
n
.
1
.H
Trong :
1
- h s ct nc cn li sau mn chng thm
H - ct nc thm, H = H
1
- h
2
= 45,5 5 = 40,5 m.
P
max
=
n
.
1
.H = 10.0,5.40,5 = 202,5 KN.

8

Tng p lc thm y ngc l:
W
th
=
2
1
.
n
.
1
.H.B =
2
1
.10.0,5.40,5.36,4 = 3685,5 KN
x
th
= 2B/3 = 2.36,4/3 = 24,27 m.
- p lc thy tnh y ngc:
W
5
=
n
.B.h
2
= 1820 KN
im t cch A v pha tri 1 on x
5
= B/2 = 36,4/2 = 18,2 m.
4. p lc bn ct
- Thnh phn thng ng: W
6
=
2
1
.
bc
n
.h
3
2
.n

Vi
bc
n
=
k

n
(1 - n
bc
) = 10 10.(1 - 0,45) = 4,5 KN/m
3

W
6
=
2
1
.4,5.8
2
.0,16 = 23,04 KN
x
6
=B -
3
'
3
h n
=36,4 -
3
8 . 16 , 0
= 35.97 m.
- Thnh phn nm ngang:
W
7
=
|
.
|
\
|

2
45 . .
2
1
0 2 2
3
tg h
n
bc
=
2
1
.4,5.8
2
.tg
2
(45
0
-
2
10
0
)
= 101,4 KN
im t cch y: y
7
=
3
3
h
=
3
8
=2,67 m.
5. Trng lng thn p
Chia p ra lm 3 hnh nh ri xc nh trng lng ca tng phn ri cng li.
G = G
1
+ G
2
+ G
3

G
1
=
b
.
2
1
.(H
1
n.B) = 24.
2
1
.(45,5.0,2.36,4) = 3974,88 KN

9

im t cch A v pha tri 1 on: x
G1
= B
3
2nB
= 36,4
3
2.0,2.36,4
= 31,55 m.
G
2
=
b
.(H
1
+ a).b = 24.(45,5 + 5).5 = 6060 KN
G2
= (1-n).B
2
b
= 26,62 m.
G
3
=
b
.
2
1
.(H -
m
b
).[(1-n).B-b] = 24.
2
1
.(45,5 -
64 , 0
5
).[(1-0,2).36,4-5]= 10908,27 KN
G3
=
3
b - n)B - (1
=
3
5 - 0,2)36,4 - (1
= 8.04 m.
Tng trng lng p:
G = 3794,88 + 6060 + 10908,27 = 20763,15 KN.
6. Lc sinh ra khi c ng t
a) Lc qun tnh ng t ca cng trnh
F

= K
..G
Trong : K h s ng t ( =
20
1
= 0,05)
h s c trng ng lc cng trnh
= 1 + 0,5.
0
1
h
h

= 1,5
Lc ng t cng phng ngc chiu vi gia tc ng t, im t ti trng tm
mt ct tnh ton.
F
=
20
1
.1,5.11888,38 = 891,63 KN
im t cch y:
3
1
H
y
= = 17 , 15
3
5 , 45
= m.
b) p lc nc thng lu tng thm do ng t
W
t
= 56 , 517 5 , 45 . 10 . 05 , 0
2
1
. . .
2
1
2 2
1
= = H K
n
KN
im t cch y:
3
1
H
y
= = 17 , 15
3
5 , 45
= m.
c) p lc nc h lu tng thm do ng t

10

W
h
= 25 , 6 5 . 10 . 05 , 0
2
1
. . .
2
1
2 2
2
= = h K
n
KN
im t cch y: y
=
3
2
h
= 1,67 m.
d) p lc bn ct tng thm khi c ng t
W
8
= 2.K.tg.W
7

K h s ng t
gc ma st trong ca bn ct ( = 10
0
)
W
7
- thnh phn nm ngang ca p lc bn ct.
W
8
= 2.0,05.tg10
0
.101,4 = 1,78 KN

im t cch y: y
8
=
3
3
h
=
3
8
=2,67 m.
- S cc lc tc dng ln p
h
s
Ws
Wd
W8
Wd2
W3
W2
W7
W6
W1
W4
nB
B/2
(1-n)B
B/3
Wth
W5
H1
H1/3
h3/3
nB/3
a
1
H
m'h
2
/3
h
2
/3
H
h
2
Fd
G
t


11

- Bng tng hp lc tc dng ln cng trnh
Th t Lc tc dng
Tr s Mmen i vi A
P ( + ) Q ( + ) Tay n M
A
(+)
1 W
1
1656.2 33.97 -56261.11
2 W
2
10351.25 15.17 157028.46
3 W
3
80 1.07 85.60
4 W
4
-125 1.67 -208.75
5 W
s
128.2 34.87 4470.33
6 W
th
-3685.5 24.27 89447.09
7 W
5
-1820 18.2 33124.00
8 W
6
23.04 35.97 828.75
9 W
7
101.4 2.67 270.74
10 G
1
3974.88 31.55
-
125407.46
11 G
2
6060 26.62
-
161317.20
12 G
3
10908.27 8.04 -87702.49
13 F
891.63 15.17 13526.03

14 W
517.56 15.17 7851.39

15 W
8
1.24 1.67 2.97
Tng
17196,89 11866.28
-124432.8
Vy cng trnh khng b lt.
III. Kim Tra n nh
Vi h s an ton: f = 0,65
Cng trnh cp 3: K
n
= 1,15
iu kin n nh: f.P/Q K
n
f.P/Q = 0,65.17196,89/11866.28 = 0,94 < 1,15
Vy cng trnh b trt.

12

B. TNH THM DI Y CNG TRNH
L2 L1
S1
0.5
S2=3 m
Z1
Z2
A
B
C
D
E F
G
0.00
T
1

I. Tnh theo phng php t l ng thng
Theo Lence ng vin thm thng ng c kh
nng tiu hao ct nc thm ln hn on nm
ngang m ln.
Chiu di tnh ton ca ng vin thm xc
nh theo cng thc:
L
tt
= L
+
m
L

n

Trong :

13

L

chiu di tng cng ca cc on thng
ng v cc on xin c gc nghing so vi
phng ngang ln hn hoc bng 45
0
.
L
n
chiu di tng cng cc on nm ngang v
cc on xin c gc nghing nh hn 45
0
.
m h s ph thuc vo hng c. vi 2 hng c
ly m = 2,5

L
= 0,5+2.S
1
+2.S
2
= 0,5+2.8+2.3 = 22,5 m
L
n
= L
1
+ L
2
= 17,5 + 14 = 31,5 m.
Vy: L
tt
= 22,5 +
5 , 2
5 , 31
= 35,1 m.
1. Tnh ton lc y ngc ln bn y
a) p lc thm
Ct nc thm ti 1 im cch im cui ng vin thm 1 on di tnh
ton X
tt
(xc nh nh L
tt
) l:
h
x
= H
L
X
tt
tt
.

X
tt
E
= 2.S
2
+
5 , 2
2
L
= 2.3 +
5 , 2
14
= 11,6 m
X
tt
F
= 2.S
2
= 2.3 = 6 m.
h
E
= H
L
X
tt
E
. = 8 .
1 , 35
6 , 11
= 2,64 m

14

v h
F
= H
L
X
tt
F
. = 8 .
1 , 35
6
=1,37 m.
Tng p lc thm ln bn y cng:
W
th
=
n
.

2
.
2
L
h h
F E
+

=10.

14 .
2
37 , 1 64 , 2 +
=280,7 KN
b) p lc thy tnh y ngc
W
1
=
n
.(H
2
+t).L
2
= 10.(2,5 + 1).14 = 490 KN
L2 L1
S1=8 m
0.5
S2=3 m
Z1
Z2
A
B
C
D
E F
G
0.00
T
1
h
E
W
th
W
1
h
F
(H
2
+t)
H2

2. Tnh gradient thm v lu tc thm bnh qun
- Trn on ng vin ng:
J
=
tt
L
H
=
1 , 35
8
= 0,228
V
= K.J
= 2.10
-6
.0,228 = 0,456.10
-7
m/s

15

- Trn on ng vin ngang
J
n
=
m
J

d
=
2,5
0.228
= 0,091
3. Tnh lu lng thm
T
1
- chiu dy tng thm di bn y cng, T
1
=13 m.
q = K.J
n
.T
1
= 2.10
-6
.0,091.13= 2,37.10
-6
m
2
/s
4. bn thm ca nn
Nn l ct pha (ng nht ng hng)
Ly C = 5.
Kim tra theo cng thc: L
tt
> C.H
35,1 > 4.8 =32
Nn m bo bn.
II. Tnh theo phng php h s sc khng
1. Phn on
Chia min thm thnh cc b phn khc nhau 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 nh trn hnh
v
2. Xc nh h s sc khng ca tng b phn

16

L2 L1
S1=8 m
0.5
S2=3 m
Z1
Z2
A
B
C
D
E F
G
0.00
T
1
1 2
3
4
5

a) B phn ca vo v ca ra
- Ca vo (khng c)
vo
= 0,44 +
0
T
a
= 0,44 +
14
0,5
= 0,476
- Ca ra (khng bc)
S
2
= 3m, T
3
= T
2
= T-1 = 14 1 = 13m.
ra
= 0,44 +
3
2
T
S
1,5. +
3
2
3
2
T
S
0,75 - 1
T
S
0,5
=0,925
b) B phn gia (khng bc, c S
1
=8 m, T
1
=13,25 m)
Vi iu kin:

17

0,5 <
1
2
T
T
=0,98< 1 v 0 <
2
T
S
< 0,8 => tha mn

g
=
2
1
T
S
1,5. +
2
1
2
1
T
S
0,75 - 1
T
S
0,5
= 1,478
c) - B phn nm ngang 1
(L
1
=17,5 , S
1
=8, T
1
=13,25)
Kim tra iu kin L
1
= 17,5 >
2
S
1
=4
n1
=
1
1 1
T
0,5S - L
= 1.02
- B phn nm ngang 2
Kim tra iu kin L
2
=14 >
2
S S
2 1
+
= 6,5
(L
2
=14, S
2
=3, T
2
=13)
n2
=
2
2 1 2
T
) S 0,5(S - L +
=0,64
Vy
i
=
vo
+
ra
+
g
+
n1
+
n2

=0,476 + 0,925 + 1,478 + 1,02 + 0,64 = 4,54
3. Tnh p lc thm
Tn tht qua mi b phn c xc nh theo cng thc

18

h
i
=
i
H
.
i

trong :
i
h s sc khng ca b phn ang xt;

i
tng h s sc khng ca ton h thng (=4,54)
H ct nc thm (= 8 m)
h
1
=
54 , 4
8
. 476 , 0 = 0,84 m
h
2
=
54 , 4
8
. 02 , 1 = 1,8 m
h
3
=
54 , 4
8
. 478 , 1 = 2,6 m
h
4
=
54 , 4
8
. 64 , 0 = 1,13 m
h
5
=
54 , 4
8
. 925 , 0 = 1,63 m.
p lc thm ln bn y: W
th
=
n
.

2
4 5 4
L .
2
h ) h (h + +

=

14 .
2
13 , 1 ) 63 , 1 (1,13
. 10
+ +
= 272,3 KN
p lc thy tnh: W
tt
=
n
.(H
2
+t).L
2
=10.(2,5 + 1).14 = 490 KN

19

L2 L1
S1=8 m
0.5
S2=3 m
Z1
Z2
A
B
C
D
E F
G
0.00
T
1
1 2
3
4
5
W
th
W
1
(H2+t)
H
h
1
h
2
h
3
h
4
h
5

4. Tnh lu lng thm
Cng thc: q =
i
H
. K
=
54 , 4
8
. 2.10
6 -
=3,52 m
2
/s
5. Tnh gradient thm:
xc nh theo cng thc
J
ra
=
H
i 1
1
.
T

Vi h s.
theo Antipov: = .
)] 1 (
2
sin[
1
2
1
+
T
T
T
S

= 1;

20

T1 ly pha tng thm dy; ( = 13,25)
T2 ly pha tng thm mng;( =13)
S chiu dy c ti ca ra. ( = 3 m)
= 1.
)] 1
25 , 13
13
25 , 13
3
(
2
sin[ +
= 0,37
Vy
J
ra
=
54 , 4 . 37 , 0
1
.
25 , 13
8
= 0,36
III. Phng php v li thm
1. Xy dng li thm
Li thm c th c xy dng bng phng php v ng dn. kim tra
chnh xc ca li thm cn da vo cc iu kin sau:
- Tt c cc ng dng v ng ng th phi trc giao nhau.
- Cc li phi l cc hnh vung cong (cc trung on ca mi
li phi bng nhau)
- Tip tuyn ca ng ng th v t cc im gc ca ng
vin phi trng phn gic ca gc
- Cc gii hn ca li thm :
- ng th u tin : Mt nn thm pha thng lu
- ng th cui cng : Mt nn thm pha h lu
- ng dng u tin: ng vin thm di y cng trnh
- ng dng cui cng: Mt tng khng thm
Min thm gia 2 ng th k nhau gi l di, min thm gia 2 ng k nhau gi
l ng dng.
S li thm nh hnh v

21

2. Xc nh p lc thm
Gi n l s di ca li thm, n=16 ct nc thm tn tht qua mi di s l :
H=
n
H
=
16
8
= 0,5 m
Ct nc thm ti 1 im x no cch ng th cui cng i di (i c th s thp
phn khi x khng nm trn 1 ng th ca li) s l :
h
x
= i.

n
H

Ct nc thm ti F(i=4,2) l h
F
= i
F
.

n
H
= 4,2.0,5 = 2,1
E(i=6,8) l h
E
= i
E
.

n
H
= 6,8.0,5 = 3,4
Tng p lc thm y ngc ln bn y l :
W
th
=
n
.

2
F E
L .
2
h h +

=

14 .
2
4 , 3 1 , 2
. 10
+
= 385 KN
p lc thy tnh: W
tt
=
n
.(H
2
+t).L
2
=10.(2,5 + 1).14 = 490 KN
3. Xc nh lu lng thm
q = K.

n
m
.H = 2.10
-6
.0,25.8 = 4.10
-6
m
2
/s
4. Xc nh gradient thm

J
tb
=
S
H
A
A
=
S n
H
A

Da vo cng thc ny v c biu gradien thm ca ra.
5. Kim tra bn thm ca nn
iu kin bn thm ca nn l: J
ra max
< [J]

22

Vi q =
10
60
d
d
= 15 tra hnh P3-1 trang 118 n Thy Cng
Ta c [ J ] = 0,2

T ta v c biu p lc di y cng trnh nh hnh v sau:


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Do An Thuy Cong

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i Hc Thy Li _ 2010 n mn hc Thy Cng

Sv: o Vn Nhng _ 49CT2

tra theo th hnh (3-7c), Gio trnh thy cng tp

xc nh theo th hnh P2-4c (trang 116 n Thy

891.63 15.17 13526.03

517.56 15.17 7851.39

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