chuẩn

1
MC LC
2CHNG I : TNG QUAN

3 I . L THUYT V CHNG CT
4
1 . Phng php chng ct
5
2 . Thit b chng ct:
6 II . GII THIU S B NGUYN LIU
7
1 . Acid axetic
8
2 . Nc
9
3 . Hn hp Acid axetic Nc
10 III . CNG NGH CHNG CT H ACID AXETIC NC
11 CHNG II : CN BNG VT CHT
12
I . CC THNG S BAN U
13 II . XC NH SUT LNG SN PHM NH V SN PHM
14
Y
15 III . XC NH T S HON LU THCH HP
16
1 . T s hon lu ti thiu
17
2 . T s hon lu thch hp
18 IV . PHNG TRNH NG LM VIC S MM L THUYT
19
1 . Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on ct
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2 . Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng
21
3 . S mm l thuyt
22 V . XC NH S MM THC T
23 CHNG III :TNH TON THIT K THP CHNG CT
24 I . NG KNH THP
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1 . ng knh on ct
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2 . ng knh on chng
27 II . MM L TR LC CA MM
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1 . Cu to mm l
29
2 . gim p ca pha kh qua mt mm
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3 . Kim tra ngp lt khi thp hot ngO(
31 III . TNH TON C KH CA THP
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1 . B dy thn thp :
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2 . y v np thit b :
34
3 . Bch ghp thn, y v np :
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4 . ng knh cc ng dn Bch ghp cc ng dn :
36
5 . Tai treo v chn :
37 CHNG IV : TNH TON THIT B TRUYN NHIT- THIT B
38
PH
39 I . CC THIT B TRUYN NHIT
40
1 . Thit b ngng t sn phm nh
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2 . Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh
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3 . Ni un gia nhit sn phm y

4 . Thit b trao i nhit gia nhp liu v sn phm y
5 . Thit gia nhit nhp liu
II. TNH BO N CA THIT B
III . TNH TON BM NHP LIU
1 . Tnh chiu cao bn cao v
2 . Chn bm
CHNG V : GI THNH THIT B
I . TNH S B GI THNH CA THIT B
II . KT LUN
TI LIU THAM KHO
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MY V THIT B CHNG CT
CHNG I : TNG QUAN.

I . L THUYT V CHNG CT:
1 . Phng php chng ct :
Chng ct l qua trnh phn tch hn hp lng (hoc kh lng) thnh cc cu t
ring bit da vo s khc nhau v bay hi ca chng (hay nhit si khc nhau
cng p sut), bng cch lp i lp li nhiu ln qu trnh bay hi - ngng t, trong
vt cht i t pha lng vo pha hi hoc ngc li. Khc vi c c, chng ct l qu
trnh trong c dung mi v cht tan u bay hi, cn c c l qu trnh trong ch
c dung mi bay hi.
Khi chng ct ta thu c nhiu cu t v thng th bao nhiu cu t s thu c
by nhiu sn phm. Nu xt h n gin ch c 2 h cu t th ta thu c 2 sn
phm: sn phm nh ch yu gm gm cu t c bay hi ln (nhit si nh ),
sn phm y ch yu gm cu t c bay hi b(nhit si ln) .i vi h acid
axetic - nc sn phm nh ch yu gm nc v mt t acid axetic , ngc li sn
phm y ch yu gm acid axetic v mt t nc.
Cc phng php chng ct: c phn loi theo:
p sut lm vic : chng ct p sut thp, p sut thng v p sut cao.
Nguyn tc ca phng php ny l da vo nhit si ca cc cu t, nu
nhit si ca cc cu t qu cao th ta gim p sut lm vic gim nhit
si ca cc cu t.
Nguyn l lm vic: lin tc, gin on(chng n gin) v lin tc.
* Chng ct n gin(gin on): phng php ny uc s dng trong cc
trng hp sau:
+ Khi nhit si ca cc cu t khc xa nhau.
+ Khng i hi sn phm c tinh khit cao.
+ Tch hn hp lng ra khi tp cht khng bay hi.
+ Tch s b hn hp nhiu cu t.
* Chng ct hn hp hai cu t (dng thit b hot ng lin tc) l qu trnh
c thc hin lin tc, nghch dng, nhu on.
Phng php cp nhit y thp: cp nhit trc tip bng hi nc: thng
c p dng trng hp cht c tch khng tan trong nc .
Vy: i vi h acid axetic Nc, ta chn phng php chng ct lin tc cp
nhit gin tip bng ni un p sut thng.
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2 . Thit b chng ct:

Trong sn xut thng s dng rt nhiu loi thp nhng chng u c mt yu cu
c bn l din tch b mt tip xc pha phi ln ,iu ny ph thuc vo phn tn
ca lu cht ny va lu cht kia .
Thp chng ct rt phong ph v kch c v ng dng ,cc thp ln nht thng
c ng dng trong cng nghip lc ho du. Kch thc ca thp : ng knh thp
v chiu cao thp tu thuc sut lng pha lng, pha kh ca thp v tinh khit ca
sn phm. Ta kho st 2 loi thp chng ct thng dng l thp mm v thp chm.
Thp mm: thn thp hnh tr, thng ng pha trong c gn cc mm c cu
to khc nhau chia thn thp thnh nhng on bng nhau, trn mm pha lng
v pha hi c cho tip xc vi nhau. Ty theo cu to ca a, ta c:
* Thp mm chp : trn mm c chp dng trn hay mt dng khc,c rnh
xung quanh pha kh i qua va ng chy chuyn c hnh tron
* Thp mm xuyn l: trn mm b tr cc l c ng knh 3-12mm c b
tr trn cc nh tam gic,bc l bng 2,5 n 5 ln ng knh
Thp chm(thp m): thp hnh tr, gm nhiu on ni vi nhau bng mt
bch hay hn. Vt chm c cho vo thp theo mt trong hai phng php: xp
ngu nhin hay xp th t.
So snh u v nhc im ca cc loi thp :
u im:
Nhc
im:
Thp chm.
- n gin.
- Tr lc thp.
Thp mm xuyn lo.

Thp mm chp.
- Hiu sut tng i cao. - Hiu sut cao.
- Hot ng kh n nh. - Hot ng n nh.
- Lm vic vi cht lng
bn.
- Hiu sut thp.
- Tr lc kh cao.
- Thit b nng.
- Cu to phc tp.
- Khng lm vic vi
cht lng bn.
118
- n nh km.
11
- Yu cu lp t kht khe
-> lp a tht phng.
- Tr lc ln.
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Nhn xt: thp mm xuyn l l trng thi trung gian gia thp chm v
thp mm chp. Nn ta chn thp chng ct l thp mm xuyn l.
Vy: Chng ct h acid axetic - Nc ta dng thp mm xuyn l hot ng lin
tc p sut thng, cp nhit gin tip y thp.
II . GII THIU S B NGUYN LIU :

Nguyn liu l hn hp acid axetic - Nc.
1 . Etanol: (Cn gi l ru etylic , cn tylic hay cn thc phm).
Etanol c cng thc phn t: CH3-CH2-OH, khi lng phn t: 46 vC. L cht
lng c mi c trng, khng c, tan nhiu trong nc.
Mt s thng s vt l v nhit ng ca etanol:
+ Nhit si 760(mmHg): 78.3oC.
+ Khi lng ring: d420 = 810 (Kg/m3).
Tnh cht ha hc:
Tt c cc phn ng ho hc xy ra nhm hydroxyl (-OH) ca etanol l
th hin tnh cht ho hc ca n.
* Phn ng ca hydro trong nhm hydroxyl:
CH3-CH2-OH
CH3-CH2-O- + H+
18
Hng s phn ly ca etanol: K CH CH OH = 10 , cho nn etanol l cht
trung tnh.
+ Tnh acid ca ru th hin qua phn ng vi kim loi kim, Natri
hydrua(NaH), Natri amid(NaNH2):
CH3-CH2-OH + NaH
CH3-CH2-ONa + H2
Natri etylat
14
K
<
K
=
10
Do CH CH OH
: tnh acid ca ru nh hn tnh acid ca
H O
nc, nn khi mui Natri etylat tan trong nc s b thu phn thnh ru
tr li.
+ Tc dng vi acid to ester: Ru etanol c tnh baz tng ng vi
nc. Khi ru tc dng vi acid v c H2SO4, HNO3 v acid hu c u
to ra ester.
Lnh CH -CH O-SO -H + H O
CH3-CH2-OH + HO-SO3-H
3
2
3
2
3
H+
CH3-CH2O-H + HO-CO-CH3
CH3-COO-C2H5 + H2O
* Phn ng trn nhm hydroxyl:
+ Tc dng vi HX: CH3-CH2-OH + HX
CH3-CH2-X + H2O
+ Tc dng vi Triclo Pht pho:
CH3-CH2-OH + PCl3
CH3-CH2-Cl + POCl + HCl
+ Tc dng vi NH3: CH3-CH2-OH + NH3
+ Phn ng to eter v tch loi nc:
2CH3-CH2-OH
CH3-CH2-OH
H2SO4
>150o
HCSO
2
>150o
C
* Phn ng hydro v oxy ho:

6
(CH3-CH2)2O
Al2O3
to
CH2=CH2 + H2O
C2H5-NH2 + H2O
H2O
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CH3-CH2-OH
Cu
200300oC
CH3-CHO + H2
ng dng: etanol c nhiu ng dng hn metanol, n ng mt vai tr quan

trng trong nn kinh t quc dn. N l nguyn liu dng sn sut hn 150
mt hng khc nhau v c ng dng rng ri trong cc ngnh: cng nghip
nng, y t v dc, quc phng, giao thng vn ti, dt, ch bin g v nng
nghip.
+ Cng nghip cao su
tng hp
+ ng lc.
+ Dung mi hu c:pha
sn..
+ Nguyn liu.
+ Ru
mi.
+ Dm.
Nhin
liu.
+ ng lc.
+ Thuc tr
su.
+ Thuc sng khng khi.

+ Nhin liu ho tin, bom
bay.
Etan
ol
+ Thuc
nhum.
+ T nhn to.
+ nha.
+ Keo dn.
+ Hng
liu.
+ Sn.
+
Vecni.
+ St trng.
+ Pha ch
thuc.
S tm tt v tr ca etanol trong cc ngnh cng nghip.

Phng php iu ch: c nhiu phng php iu ch etanol: hydrat ho
etylen vi xc tc H2SO4; thu phn dn xut halogen v ester ca etanol khi

un nng vi nc xc tc dung dch baz; hydro ho aldyhyt actic; t cc
hp cht c kim
Trong cng nghip, iu ch etanol bng phng php ln men t ngun tinh
bt v r ng. Nhng nm gn y, nc ta cng ngh sn sut etanol ch
yu l s dng chng nm men Saccharomyses cerevisiae ln men tinh bt:
C6H6O6
2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 28 Kcal
Nm men
Zymaza
Trong : 95% nguyn liu chuyn thnh etanol v CO2.

5% nguyn liu chuyn thnh sn phm ph: glyxrin, acid
sucxinic, du fusel, metylic v cc acid hu c(lactic, butylic).
2 . Nc:
Trong iu kin bnh thng: nc l cht lng khng mu, khng mi, khng v
nhng khi nc dy s c mu xanh nht.
Khi ha rn n c th tn ti dng 5 dng tinh th khc nhau:
Khi lng phn t
: 18
g / mol
0
Khi lng ring d4 c
: 1
g / ml
24
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Nhit nng chy

: 00C
Nhit si
: 1000 C
Nc l hp cht chim phn ln trn tri t (3/4 din tch tri t l nc bin)
v rt cn thit cho s sng.
Nc l dung mi phn cc mnh, c kh nng ho tan nhiu cht v l dung
mi rt quan trng trong k thut ha hc.
3 . Hn hp Etanol Nc:
Ta c bng thnh phn lng (x) hi (y) v nhit si ca hn hp Etanol Nc 760 mmHg:
x(%phn mol)
y(%phn mol)
t(oC)
0
0
118.
4
5
9.2
115.
4
10
16.7
113.
8
20
30.3
110.
1
30
42.5
40
53
107.5
105.8
50
62.6
104.
4
60
71.6
103.
3
70
79.5
102.
1
80
86.4
101.
3
90
93
100.
6
221
0
5
10
90
20
30
80
40
70 50
60
60 70
80
50 90
100
0
9.2
16.7
30.3
42.5
53
62.6
71.6
79.5
86.4
93
100
Y(%mol)
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
40
30
20
10
222
X(% m ol)
0
0
25
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
92
99.5
92
100
100
100
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III. CNG NGH CHNG CT H ETANOL NC:

Etanol l mt cht lng tan v hn trong H2O, nhit si l 78,30C
760mmHg, nhit si ca nc l 100oC 760mmHg : hi cch bit kh xa nn
phng php hiu qu thu etanol c tinh khit cao l phng php chng ct.
Trong trng hp ny, ta khng th s dng phng php c c v cc cu t
u c kh nng bay hi, v khng s dng phng php trch ly cng nh phng
php hp th do phi a vo mt khoa mi tch, c th lm cho qu trnh phc
tp hn hay qu trnh tch khng c hon ton.
* S qui trnh cng ngh chng ct h Etanol nc:
Ch thch cc k hiu trong qui trnh:
1 . Bn cha nguyn liu.
2 . Bm.
3 . Bn cao v.
4 . Lu lng k.
5 . Thit b trao i nhit vi sn phm y.
6 . Thit b gia nhit nhp liu.
7 . By hi.
8 . Thp chng ct.
9 . Nhit k.
10 . Ap k.
11 . Thit b ngng t sn phm nh.
12 . Ni un.
13 . Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh.
14 . Bn cha sn phm nh.
15 . Bn cha sn phm y.
16 . B phn phn dng.
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MUC LUC
trang
272
33
L
I M
A
U
CHNG I : TO
NG QUAN...................................................................
I . LY
THUY E
T VECHNG CA
T
1 . Phng pha
p chng ca
t
2 . Thie
t bchng ca
t:
II . GI
I THIE
U S BONGUY E
N LIE
U
1 . Acid axetic
2 . N
c
3 . Ho
n hp Acid axetic N
c
III . CO
NG NGHECHNG CA
T HEACID AXETIC N
C
CHNG II : CA
N BA
NG VA
T CHA
T
I . CA
C THO
NG SOBAN A
U
II . XA
C NH SUA
T LNG SA
N PHA
M
NH VASA
N PHA
M
A
Y
III . XA
C NH TSOHOA
N LU THCH HP
1 . Tsohoa
n lu to
i thie
u
2 . Tsohoa
n lu thch hp
IV . PHNG TRNH
NG LA
M VIE
C SOMA
M LY
THUY E
T
1 . Phng trnh
ng no
ng ola
m vie
c cu
a oan ca
t
2 . Phng trnh
ng no
ng ola
m vie
c cu
a oan chng
3 . Soma
m lythuye
t
V . XA
C NH SOMA
M THC TE
CHNG III :TNH TOA
N THIE
T KETHA
P CHNG CA
T
I .
NG KNH THA
P
1 .
ng knh oan ca
t
2 .
ng knh oan chng
II . MA
M LO TRLC CU
A MA
M
1 . Ca
u tao ma
m lo
2 . ogia
m a
p cu
a pha kh qua mo
t ma
m
10
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* Thuyt minh qui trnh cng ngh:

Hn hp etanol nc c nng etanol 10% ( theo phn mol), nhit khong
0
28 C ti bnh cha nguyn liu (1) c bm (2) bm ln bn cao v (3). T c
a n thit b trao i nhit (5) ( trao i nhit vi sn phm y ). Sau , hn
hp c un si n nhit si trong thit b gia nhit(6), hn hp c a vo
thp chng ct (8) a nhp liu.
Trn a nhp liu, cht lng c trn vi phn lng t on ct ca thp chy
xung. Trong thp hi, i t di ln gp cht lng t trn xung. y, c s tip
xc v trao i gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha lng chuyn ng trong phn chng cng
xung di cng gim nng cc cu t d bay hi v b pha hi to nn t ni
un (12) li cun cu t d bay hi.Nhit cng ln trn cng thp, nn khi hi i
qua cc a t di ln th cu t c nhit si cao l nc s ngng t li, cui
cng trn nh thp ta thu c hn hp c cu t etanol chim nhiu nht (c nng
85% phn mol). Hi ny i vo thit b ngng t (11) v c ngng t hon
ton. Mt phn cht lng ngng t i qua thit b lm ngui sn phm nh (13),
c lm ngui n 350C , ri c a qua bn cha sn phm nh (14). Phn cn
li ca cht lng ngng t c hon lu v thp a trn cng vi t s hon lu
ti u. Mt phn cu t c nhit si thp c bc hi, cn li cu t c nhit
si cao trong cht lng ngy cng tng. Cui cng, y thp ta thu c hn hp
lng hu ht l cc cu t kh bay hi ( nc). Hn hp lng y c nng
etanol l 0,11 % phn mol, cn li l nc. Dung dch lng y i ra khi thp vo
ni un (12). Trong ni un dung dch lng mt phn s bc hi cung cp li cho
thp tip tc lm vic, phn cn li ra khi ni un c trao i nhit vi dng
nhp liu trong thit b (5) (sau khi qua bn cao v).
H thng lm vic lin tc cho ra sn phm nh l etanol, sn phm y sau khi
trao i nhit vi nhp liu c nhit l 600C c thi b.
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332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
CHNG II : CN BNG VT CHT .
341 I . CC THNG S BAN U :

342Nng sut nhp liu:
343( x =x1*M1/(x1*M1+(1-x1)*M2)=0.92*18/(0.92*18+0.08*60)=0.775
41
12
44
344 1/ tb = x / n + (1 x ) / a =0.775/995.6 +(1-0.775)/1039.6, tb =1005.17kg/m3)
345GF=QF* tb =5*1005.17=5025.86(kg/h).
346
Nng nhp liu :

8% mol acid axetic (xF=0.92)
347
Nng sn phm nh : 0.5% mol acid axetic( xD=0.995)

348
Nng sn phm y :
30% mol acid axetic.(xW=0.7)
349
Khi lng phn t ca acid axetic v nc : MA =60 kg/kmol , MN =18
350
kg/kmol .
351Chn :
352
+ Nhit nhp liu : tF =28oC .
353
+ Nhit sn phm nh sau khi lm ngui : tD =35oC .
354
+ Nhit sn phm y sau khi trao i nhit : tW = 35oC .
355
+Trng thi nhp liu l trng thi lng si .
356
Cc k hiu :
357
+ GF , F : sut lng nhp liu tnh theo Kg/h , Kmol/h .
358
+ GD , D : sut lng sn phm nh tnh theo Kg/h , Kmol/h .
359
+ GW ,W : sut lng sn phm y tnh theo Kg/h , Kmol/h .
360
+ xi , xi : phn mol , phn khi lng ca cu t i .
361 II . XC NH SUT LNG SN PHM NH V SN PHM
362 Y :
363Cn bng vt cht cho ton thp :
F=D+W
(II.1)
364Cn bng cu t
:
F.xF = D.xD + W.xW (II.2)
365
Vi : Khi lng phn t trung bnh dng nhp liu :
366
MF =18.x F + (1 x F ).60 = 21.36 (Kg/Kmol).
GF
5025.86
367
F=
=
=235.29 (Kmol/h)
MF
21.36
368
Khi lng phn t trung bnh dng sn phm y :
369
MW = 18.xW + (1 xW ).60 = 30.6 (Kg/Kmol).
370
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377
378
379
380
381
Khi lng phn t trung bnh dng sn phm nh :

MD = 18.x D + (1 x D ).60 =18.21 (Kg/Kmol).
Gii 2 phng trnh (II.1),(II.2)ta c :
D =175.47 (Kmol/h)
W = 59.819 (Kmol/h)
III . XC NH T S HON LU THCH HP:

1 . T s hon lu ti thiu:
T s hon lu ti thiu l ch lm vic m ti ng vi s mm l thuyt l
v cc .Do ,chi ph c nh l v cc nhng chi ph iu hnh (nhin liu ,nc
v bm) l ti thiu .
Rmin=
x y*
y* x
D
382
45
0.995 0.945
=2
0.945 0.92
T s hon lu thch hp:RX=1.3Rmin+0.3=2.9
13
48
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
IV . PHNG TRNH NG LM VIC S MM L

THUYT:
1 . Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on ct :
y=
2,9
0,995
x
R.
.x +
.x + D =
2,9 + 1
2,9 + 1
R +1
R +1
=0,7436.x + 0.2551
2 . Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng :

y=
2,9 + 1.341
1.341 1
R+ f
f 1
.x +
.0.7
.x +
.xW =
2,9 + 1
2,9 + 1
R +1
R +1
390
= 1.087x 0.0612
391
Vi : f =
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
3 . S mm l thuyt :
th xc nh s mm l thuyt :(Xem hnh trang sau ).
s mm l thuyt l Nlt = 27mm .20 mm ct,6 mm chng,1 mm nhp
liu
V . XC NH S MM THC T:
S mm thc t tnh theo hiu sut trung bnh :
N tt =
N lt
tb
(st2/170)
trong : tb : hiu sut trung bnh ca a, l mt hm s ca bay hi tng

i v nht ca hn hp lng : = f(,).
Ntt : s mm thc t.
Nlt : s mm l thuyt.
Xc nh hiu sut trung bnh ca thp tb :
+ bay tng i ca cu t d bay hi :
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
F 235.29
=
= 1.341 : ch s nhp liu .
D 175.47
y* 1 x
1 y* x
Vi : x :phn mol ca nc trong pha lng .

y* : phn mol ca nc trong pha hi cn bng vi pha lng.
Lgmhh =x1lgm1 + x2lgm2 ,ti liu [4(tp 1) trang 84]
* Ti v tr nhp liu :
xF = 0.92 ta tra th cn bng ca h : y*F = 0.945
tF = 100.52 oC
y* F 1 x F
0.945 1 0.92
=
.
= 1.494
*
1 0.945 0.92
1 y F xF
414
+ F =
415
416
417
418
+ tF = 100.52 oC , ma = 0.46.10-3 Ns/m2 ; mn=0.284.10-3 Ns/m2(t2/91,92)

mF =0.443.10-3 (N.s/m2) =0,443 (cP)
Suy ra : aF . mF = 1.494*0.443 =0.662
Tra ti liu tham kho [(tp 2) trang 171] : hF = 0.55
49
14
52
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
+ W
y *W 1 x W
0.795 1 0.7
=
=
.
= 1.662
*
1 0.795 0.7
1 y W xW
+ v tW =102.1oC,ma = 0.46.10-3 Ns/m2 ; mn=0.284.10-3 Ns/m2

mW =0.443.10-3 (N.s/m2) =0,443 (cP)
Suy ra : aW . mW = 1.662*0.443 = 0.736
Tra ti liu tham kho [4(tp 2) trang 171] : hW = 0.53
*Ti v tr mm nh :
xD = 0.995 ta tra th cn bng ca h : y*D = 0.997
tD = 100.22 oC
y* D 1 x D
0.997 1 0.995
=
.
= 1.67
*
1 0.997 0.995
1 y D xD
430
+ D =
431
432
433
434
435
+ tD = 100.22oC , ,ma = 0.46.10-3 Ns/m2 ; mn=0.284.10-3 Ns/m2

mD =0.443.10-3 (N.s/m2) =0,443 (cP)
Suy ra : aD . mD = 1.67*0.443 = 0.74
Tra ti liu tham kho [4(tp 2) trang 171] : hD = 0.53
Suy ra: hiu sut trung bnh ca thp :
+ W + D 0.53 + 0.53 + 0.55
=
= 0.537
htb = F
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
1.
* Ti v tr mm y :
xW = 0.7 ta tra th cn bng ca h : y*W = 0.795
tW = 102.1 oC
3
S mm thc t ca thp Ntt :
27
N tt =
=50.28 mm
0.537
Vy chn Ntt = 50 mm 37 mm ct,12 mm chng 1 mam nhp liu
CHNG III :TNH TON THIT K THP

CHNG CT .
I . NG KNH THP :(Dt)
Dt =
4Vtb
g tb
= 0,0188
.3600. tb
( y . y ) tb
(m)(t2 tr181)
444
Vtb :lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (m3/h).
445
tb :tc hi trung bnh i trong thp (m/s).
446
gtb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (Kg/h).
447
Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng v on ct khc nhau.Do ,
448
ng knh on chng v on ct cng khc nhau .
449ng knh on ct :
450
a . Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp :
g + g1
g tb = d
451
(Kg/h)
2
452
gd : lng hi ra khi a trn cng ca thp (Kg/h).
453
g1 : lng hi i vo a di cng ca on ct (Kg/h).
454
Xc nh gd : gd = D.(R+1) =175.47(2,9+1) = 684.333 (Kmol/h)
455
= 12404.22(Kg/h)
53
15
56
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
57
(V MthD =18.yD+(1-yD).60 = 18.126(Kg/Kmol).

Xc nh g1 : T h phng trnh :
g 1 = G1 + D
g 1 . y1 = G1 .x1 + D.x D
g .r = g .r
d d
1 1
(III.1)
Vi : G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on ct .

r1 : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca on ct
rd : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i ra nh thp .
* Tnh r1 : t1 = tF = 100.52oC , tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)] ta c :
An nhit ho hi ca nc : rN1 = 40512.96 (KJ/kmol) .
An nhit ho hi ca acid : ra1 = 24195.24 (KJ/kmol) .
Suy ra : r1 = rN1.y1 + (1-y1).ra1 = 24195.24 + 16317.72y1 (KJ/kmol)
* Tnh rd : tD = 100.22oC , tra ti liu tham kho IV (tp 1) ta c :
An nhit ho hi ca nc : rNd = 40512.96 (KJ/kmol) .
An nhit ho hi ca acid : rad = 24195.24(KJ/kmol) .
Suy ra : rd = rNd.yD + (1-yD).rad =40512.96*0.997 + (1- 0.997)*24195.24
= 40464 (KJ/kmol)
* x1 = xF = 0.92
Gii h (III.1) , ta c : G1 = 525.316 (Kmol/h)
y1 = 0.939 (phn mol ) _ M1 =20.1
g1 = 700.786 (Kmol/h) = 14085.799(Kg/h)
Vy : gtb =
14085 .799 + 12404 .22

=13245.01(Kg/h)
2
b . Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :

Tc gii hn ca hi i trong thp vi mm xuyn l c ng chy chuyn :
gh = 0,05. xtb
ytb
Vi : rxtb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng (Kg/m3) .
rytb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi (Kg/m3) .
Xc nh rytb :
ytb =
[ ytb .18 + (1 ytb ).60].273

22,4.( t tb + 273)
y1 + y D 0.939 + 0.997
=
=0.968
2
2
100.52 + 100.22
t +t
+ Nhit trung bnh on ct : ttb = F D =
=100.37oC
2
2
Vi: + Nng phn mol trung bnh : ytb =
Suy ra : rytb =0.631 (Kg/m3).

Xc nh rxtb :
Nng phn mol trung bnh : xtb =
Suy ra : xtb =
x F + x D 0.92 + 0995
=
= 0.4577
2
2
18.xtb
18.xtb + (1 xtb ).60
ttb = 100.37oC , tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)-trang 9], ta c :
16
60
490
491
492
ra=958kg/m3 rn =958 kg/m3

1/ tb = x / n + (1 x) / a
rxtb = 958 (Kg/m3)
493
Suy ra : gh = 0,05.
494
495
496
497
2.
958
=1.948 (m/s)
0.631
trnh to bt ta chn tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :

h = 0,8. gh = 0,8.1.948 = 1.559 (m/s)
Vy :ng knh on ct :
Dct = 0,0188.
13245 .01
=2.181 (m).
1.559 * 0.631
498ng knh on chng :

499
a . Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp :
g , n + g ,1
g , tb =
500
(Kg/h)
2
501
gn : lng hi ra khi on chng (Kg/h).
502
g1 : lng hi i vo on chng (Kg/h).
503
Xc nh gn : gn = g1 =700.786 (Kmol/h) = 14085.799(Kg/h)
504 Xc nh g1 : T h phng trnh :
G '1 = g '1 + W
'
'
505
G 1 .x '1 = g 1 . yW + W .xW (III.2)
g ' .r ' = g ' .r ' = g .r
n
n
1 1
1 1
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
Vi : G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on chng .

r1 : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca on chng.
* Tnh r1 : xW =0.7 tra th cn bng ca h ta c : yW =0.795
Suy ra :Mtbg =18.yW +(1-yW).60=26.61 (Kg/kmol)
t1 = tW = 102.1oC , tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)], ta c :
An nhit ho hi ca nc : rN1 = 40512.96 (KJ/kmol) .
An nhit ho hi ca ru : rR1 =24195.24 (KJ/kmol) .
Suy ra : r1 = rN1.yW + (1-yW).rR1 = 37167.83 (KJ/kmol)
* Tnh r1:
r1 = rN1.y1 + (1-y1).ra1 = 24195.24 + 16317.72y1 =39517.579(KJ/kmol)
* W = 59.819 (Kmol/h)
Gii h (III.2) , ta c : x1 =0.788_ MtbG =26.9
G1 =804.91 (Kmol/h)
g1 = 745.09 (Kmol/h) = 20042.921(Kg/h)
520
Vy : gtb =
521
522
523
524
61
20042 .921 + 14085 .799

=17064.36 (Kg/h)
2
b . Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :

Tc gii hn ca hi i trong thp vi mm xuyn l c ng chy chuyn :
' xtb
' gh = 0,05.
' ytb
Vi : r'xtb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng (Kg/m3) .
17
64
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
r'ytb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi (Kg/m3) .

Xc nh rytb :
' ytb =
[ y'tb .18 + (1 y'tb ).60].273

22,4.( t 'tb +273)
Vi: + Nng phn mol trung bnh :
y1 + yW 0.939 + 0.795
=
=0.867
2
2
100.52 + 102.1
t +t
+ Nhit trung bnh on chng :ttb= F W =
=101.31oC
2
2
ytb =
Suy ra : rytb =0.768 (Kg/m3).

Xc nh rxtb :
Nng phn mol trung bnh : xtb =
Suy ra : x'tb =
0.92 + 0.7
x F + xW
=
=0.81
2
2
18.x'tb
=0.5612
18.x 'tb +(1 x'tb ).60
ttb = 101.31oC , tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)-trang 9], ta c :

Khi lng ring ca nc : rN = 958(Kg/m3)
Khi lng ring ca ru : ra = 958(Kg/m3)
1
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
x'
1 x'tb
=958 (Kg/m3)
Suy ra :rxtb = tb +
'
'
N
R
958
Suy ra : ' gh = 0,05.
=1.766 (m/s)
0,768
trnh to bt ta chn tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :

' h = 0,8. ' gh = 0.8*1.766= 1.413 (m/s)
Vy :ng knh on ct :
17064 .36
=2.36 (m).
0.768 * 1.413
Dchng= 0,0188.
Kt lun : hai ng knh on ct v on chng khng chnh lch nhau qu

ln nn ta chn ng knh ca ton thp l : Dt = 2.2(m).
Khi tc lm vic thc :
+ Phn ct : lv =
0,0188 2.g tb
Dt . ytb
2
0,0188 2.13245 .01

= 1.533(m/s).
2.2 2.0.631
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
65
+ Phn chng :lv =
0,0188 2.g 'tb

Dt . ' ytb
2
0,0188 2.17064 .36

= 1.623(m/s).
2.2 2.0,768
II . MM L TR LC CA MM :
1 . Cu to mm l :
Chn : + ng knh l : dl = 8 (mm).
+ Tng din tch l bng 10% din tch mm.
+ Khong cch gia hai tm l bng 3 ln ng knh l (b tr l theo
tam gic u ).
18
68
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
69
+ T l b dy mm v ng knh l l 6/10 .
+ Din tch dnh cho ng chy chuyn l 20% din tch mm .
S l trn 1 mm :
10%.S mm
D
N=
= 0.1. t
S lo
dl
2.2
= 0.1.
=7562.5 l.
0,008
2 . gim p ca pha kh qua mt mm :

gim p tng cng ca pha kh (tnh bng mm.cht lng ) l tng cc
gim p ca pha kh qua mm kh v cc gim p do pha lng :
htl = hk + hl + hR
(mm.cht lng)
Vi : + hk : gim p qua mm kh (mm.cht lng).
+ hl : gim p do chiu cao lp cht lng trn mm(mm.cht lng).
+hR : gim p do sc cng b mt (mm.cht lng).
Trong thp mm xuyn l ,gradien chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm l
khng ng k nn c th b qua .
a . gim p qua mm kh :
gim p ca pha kh qua mm kh c tnh da trn c s tn tht p sut
do dng chy t thu , t m v do ma st khi pha kh chuyn ng qua l.
vo 2 G
uo 2 G
= 51,0. 2 .
hk = 2 .
C (mm.cht lng)
2
.
g
.
L
Co
o L
Vi : + uo :vn tc pha hi qua l (m/s).
+ rG : khi lng ring ca pha hi (Kg/m3).
+ rL : khi lng ring ca pha lng (Kg/m3).
+ Co :h s orifice ,ph thuc vo t s tng din tch l vi din tch
mm v t s gia b dy mm vi ng knh l.
S lo =0.1v mm =0,6 .Tra ti liu tham kho [1 trang
Ta c :
S mm
d lo
111] : Co = 0,7
i vi mm phn ct :
lv 1.533
=
=15.33 (m/s).
10%
0.1
+ Khi lng ring ca pha hi : rG = ytb = 0.631 (Kg/m3).
+ Khi lng ring ca pha lng : rL = xtb = 958 (Kg/m3).
Suy ra gim p qua mm kh phn ct :
15.33 2 0.631
.
hk = 51.
=16.11(mm.cht lng).
2
0.7 958
+ Vn tc pha hi qua l : uo =
i vi mm phn chng :
'lv 1.623
=
=16.23 (m/s).
10%
0.1
+ Khi lng ring ca pha hi : rG = ytb = 0.768 (Kg/m3).
+ Khi lng ring ca pha lng : rL = xtb = 958 (Kg/m3).
Suy ra gim p qua mm kh phn chng :
+ Vn tc pha hi qua l : uo =
19
72
16.23 2
h' k = 51.
2
0,7
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
0.768
.
= 21.98 (mm.cht lng).
958
b . gim p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm :

Phng php n gin c tnh gim p ca pha hi qua mm do lp cht
lng trn mm hl l t chiu cao g chy trn hw , chiu cao tnh ton ca lp cht
lng trn g chy trn how v h s hiu chnh theo kinh nghim :
hl = .( hw + how ) , (mm.cht lng)
Chn : + H s hiu chnh : = 0,6
+ Chiu cao g chy trn : hw = 50 (mm)
Chiu cao tnh ton ca lp cht lng trn g chy trn c tnh t phng trnh
Francis vi g chy trn phng :
q
how = 43.4. L
Lw
601
, (mm.cht lng)
Vi : + qL : lu lng ca cht lng (m3/ph).

+ Lw :chiu di hiu dng ca g chy trn (m).
Xc nh Lw :
Din tch dnh cho ng chy chuyn l 20% din tch mm , nn ta c
phng trnh sau :
.n o
sin n o = 0,2.
o
602
603
604
605
606
607
180
Vi : n :gc tm chn bi chiu di on Lw .

Dng phng php lp ta c : no = 93o1222
Suy ra : Lw = Dt . sin(no/2) = 1.6 (m).
Xc nh qL :
608
609
610
611
R.D.M tb 2.9.175.47.19.785
=
= 0.175 (m3/ph).(T10/285)
60. xtb
60.958
612
Phn ct : q L =
613
Vi: Mtb=0.9575*18+(1-.9575)*60=19.785
2
0.175 3
= 43.4.
= 9.926 (mm).
1.6
614
Suy ra : how
615
616
Vy : gim p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm phn ct l:

hl = 0.6.(50+9.926) = 35.956 (mm.cht lng).
(G
* R + G F ).M tb
617
Phn chng : q ' L =
618
Vi:Mtb=0.81*18+(1-0.81)*60=25.98
60. ' xtb
774.153 * 25.98
=0.336 (m3/ph).
60.958
619
620
621
622
623
624
73
0.336 3
Suy ra : h' ow = 43.4.
= 15.333 (mm).
1.6
Vy : gim p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm phn chng :

hl = 0.6.(50+15.333) = 39.2 (mm.cht lng).
c . gim p do sc cng b mt :
gim p do sc cng b mt c xc nh theo biu thc :
hR = 625.54.
, (mm.cht lng)
L .d l
20
76
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
hR = 625.54.
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
77
Vi : + : sc cng b mt ca cht lng (dyn/cm).

+ L : khi lng ring ca pha lng (Kg/m3).
Phn ct :
* Khi lng ring ca pha lng : rL = xtb = 958 (Kg/m3).
* ttb = 100.37oC ,tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)], ta c :
+ Sc cng b mt ca nc : N = 58.9 (dyn/cm).
+ Sc cng b mt ca acid : a = 19.8 (dyn/cm).
Suy ra :Sc cng b mt ca cht lng phn ct :
.
= N a = 14.819 (dyn/cm).
N +a
Vy : gim p do sc cng b mt phn ct l :
14.849.10 3
= 1.212 (mm.cht lng).
958.0.008
Phn chng :
* Khi lng ring ca pha lng : rL = xtb = 958 (Kg/m3).
* ttb = 101.31oC ,tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)], ta c :
+ Sc cng b mt ca nc : N = 58.9 (dyn/cm).
+ Sc cng b mt ca acid : a = 19.8 (dyn/cm).
Suy ra :Sc cng b mt ca cht lng phn chng :
' . '
' = N a = 14.819 (dyn/cm).
' N + ' a
Vy : gim p do sc cng b mt phn chng l :
h' R = 625.54.
14.849.10 3
= 1.212 (mm.cht lng).
958.0.008
Tm li : gim p tng cng ca pha kh qua mt mm :

+ Phn ct : htl = 16.11+35.956+1.212 = 53.278 (mm.cht lng).
hay htl = 53.278 . 10-3 . 9.81 . 958 = 500.71 (N/m2).
+ Phn chng : htl = 21.98+39.2+1.212 = 62.392 (mm.cht lng).
hay htl = 62.392 . 10-3 . 9.81 . 958 = 586.36 (N/m2).
Suy ra :Tng tr lc ca ton thp hay gim p tng cng ca ton thp
l :(xem gim p tng cng ca pha kh qua mm nhp liu bng gim p
tng cng ca pha kh qua mt mm phn chng )
htl = 37. htl + 13. htl = 37 . 500.71+13 .586.36 =26148.95 (N/m2).
3 . Kim tra ngp lt khi thp hot ng :
Chn khong cch gia hai mm l hmm =0.4 (m).

B qua s to bt trong ng chy chuyn, chiu cao mc cht lng trong ng
chy chuyn ca mm xuyn l c xc nh theo biu thc :
hd = hw + how + htl + hd
, (mm.cht lng)
Vi : hd : tn tht thu lc do dng lng chy t ng chy chuyn vo mm,
c xc nh theo biu thc sau :
QL
hd ' = 0.128.
100.S d
, (mm.cht lng)
trong : + QL : lu lng ca cht lng (m3/h).
21
80
663
664
665
+ Sd : tit din gia ng chy chuyn v mm, khi :

Sd = 0.8 . Smm = 0.8 . .1.12 =2.76 (m2)
Phn ct : QL = 60.qL = 60 . 0.175 =10.5 (m3/h).
2
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
10.5
Suy ra : hd ' = 0.128.
= 0.00018 (mm.cht lng).
100.2.76
Vy : chiu cao mc cht lng trong ng chy chuyn ca mm xuyn l

phn ct :
hd =50+9.926+53.278+0.00018 =113.204 (mm.cht lng).
Kim tra : hd = 113.204 <
hmm 400
=
= 200 (mm) : m bo khi hot ng
2
2
cc mm phn ct s khng b ngp lt.

Phn chng : QL = 60.qL = 60 .0.336 = 20.16 (m3/h).
2
673
674
675
676
677
20.16
Suy ra : h' d ' = 0.128.
= 0.00068 (mm.cht lng).
100.2.76
Vy : chiu cao mc cht lng trong ng chy chuyn ca mm xuyn l

phn chng :
hd =50+15.333+62.392+0,00068 =127.726 (mm.cht lng).
Kim tra : hd = 127.726 <
hmm 400
=
= 200 (mm) : m bo khi hot ng
2
2
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
cc mm phn chng s khng b ngp lt.

Vy : khi hot ng m bo thp s khng b ngp lt.
Chiu cao ca thn thp :Hthn =Ntt .(hmm+ mm ) + 0,8
=50.(0.4+0.0064) +0,8 =21.12(m).
Chiu cao ca y v np : H = Hn =ht +hg =0.55+0.025=0.575(m).
(Xem phn (III.2) : y v Np thit b ).
Chiu cao ca thp : H = Hthn + H + Hn = 21.695(m).
81
22
84
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
85
III . TNH TON C KH CA THP :

1 . B dy thn thp :
V thp chng ct hot ng p sut thng nn ta thit k thn hnh tr bng
phng php hn gip mi (phng php h quang ). Thn thp c ghp vi nhau
bng cc mi ghp bch.
m bo cht lng ca sn phm v kh nng n mn ca acid i vi thit
b, ta chn vt liu ch to thn thp l thp khng g m X18H10T.
Ap sut tnh ton :
Thp lm vic p sut kh quyn, nn ta chn p sut tnh ton :
Ptt =Pcl + htl
, (N/mm2)
Vi : Pcl : p sut thy tnh do cht lng y (N/mm2).
Chn p sut tnh ton sao cho thp hot ng iu kin nguy him nht m
vn an ton nn :
+ ' xtb
Pcl = x .g.H = xtb
.g.H=958. 9.81 . 21.695
2
=203889.18 (N/m2).
Suy ra : Ptt = 203889.18 + 26148.95 =230038.12 (N/m2) ~0.23(N/mm2).
Nhit tnh ton :
Chn nhit tnh ton : ttt = ty = 102.1oC .
Tra ti liu tham kho [5], ng sut tiu chun i vi thp X18H10T :
[]* = 142 (N/mm2).(t22)
i vi acid h s hiu chnh : = 1
Vy : ng sut cho php : [] = .[]* = 142 (N/mm2).
Xc nh b dy thn chu p sut trong :
Ta chn phng php ch to thn l phng php hn h quang in bng tay
nn h s bn mi hn : h = 0,95
[ ] . = 142 .0.95
Xt t s :
=586.52 > 25,do , b dy tnh ton ca thn
h
Ptt
0.23
c tnh theo cng thc sau :

S 't =
Dt .Ptt
2200 .0.23
=
=1.87 (mm).
2.[ ]. h 2.142.0,95
Suy ra : b dy thc ca thn : St = St + C

,(mm).
Trong : C :h s b sung b dy, C = Ca + Cb + Cc + Co
Vi : + Ca : h s b sung do n mn ho hc, ph thuc vo tc n mn
ca cht lng. Chn tc n mn ca acid l 0,1 (mm/nm),thit b
hot ng trong 20 nm, do Ca = 2 mm.
+Cb : h s b sung do bo mn c hc, chn Cb = 0.
+Cc : h s b sung do sai lch khi ch to, chn Cc = 0.
+Co : h s b sung qui trn, chn Co =1 (mm).
Suy ra : C = 2 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 3 (mm).
Vy : St = 1.87 + 3 = 4.87 (mm).
* Kim tra cng thc tnh ton vi St = 4.87 (mm) :
S t C a 4.87 2
=
= 0.0013< 0,1 : ng.
Dt
2200
23
88
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
89
* Kim tra p sut tnh ton cho php :

2.[ ]. h .( S t C a ) 2.142.0.95.( 5.215 2 )
[ Ptt ] =
Dt + ( S t C a )
2200 + ( 5.215 2 )
=0.394 > Ptt : ng.
Vy : B dy thc ca thn l St = 4.87 (mm).

Chn b dy St=5mm
2 . y v np thit b :
Chn y v np c dng l ellipise tiu chun, c g bng thp X18H10T.
Nhn thy: cng thc tnh ton b dy thn, y v np chu p sut trong l nh nhau.
Nn chn b dy ca y v np l S = Sn = 5(mm).
Cc kch thc ca y v np ellipise tiu chun, c g(ti liu tham kho [4(tp 2)]:
+ ng knh trong: Dt = 2200 (mm).
+ ht =550(mm).
+ Chiu cao g: hg = h = 25 (mm).
+Din tch b mt trong: Sy = 4.48 (m2).
3 . Bch ghp thn, y v np :

Mt bch l b phn quan trng dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh ni
cc b phn khc vi thit b. Cc loi mt bch thng s dng:
+ Bch lin: l b phn ni lin vi thit b (hn, c v rn). Loi bch ny ch
yu dng thit b lm vic vi p sut thp v p sut trung bnh.
+ Bch t do: ch yu dng ni ng dn lm vic nhit cao, ni cc b
bng kim loi mu v hp kim ca chng, c bit l khi cn lm mt bch bng vt
liu bn hn thit b.
+ Bch ren: ch yu dng cho thit b lm vic p sut cao.
Chn bch c ghp thn, y v np lm bng thp X18H10T, cu to ca bch
l bch lin khng c.
Theo ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)- trang 423], ng vi Dt =2200(mm) v p sut
tnh ton Ptt = 0.23(N/mm2) ta chn bch c cc thng s sau :
Dt
Db
D1
Do
h
Bu lng
D
db
Z
24
92
2200
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
93
2360
mm
2300
(ci)
2260
2215
40
27
56
Theo ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)- trang 170], chn s mm gia hai mt bch l10
mm.Vy, s bch ghp thn-y-np l 6 bch.
kn ca mi ghp bch ch yu do vt m quyt nh. m lm bng cc vt liu
mm hn so vi vt liu bch. Khi xit bu lng, m b bin dng v in y ln cc ch
g gh trn b mt ca bch. Vy, m bo kn cho thit b ta chn m l dy
aming, c b dy l 3(mm).
4 . ng knh cc ng dn Bch ghp cc ng dn :

Bch c lm bng thp CT3 , cu to ca bch l bch lin khng c.
a . V tr nhp liu :
Sut lng nhp liu: QF = 5 (m3/h).
Chn vn tc cht lng nhp liu (t chy t bn cao v vo mm nhp liu): vF
= 0.2 (m/s).
ng knh ng nhp liu: dF =
4.QF
4.5
=
= 0.094 (m).
3600 . .v F
3600 . .0.2
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng nhp liu: dF = 0.1(m).

Ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)t434], chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt
bch: lF = 120 (mm).
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn nhp liu:
Dn
Dy
Db
D1
h
Bu lng
D
db
Z
(ci)
mm
100
205
108
170
148
14
16
4
b . Ong hi nh thp:
Sut lng hi nh thp: gd = 12404.22 (Kg/h).
Khi lng ring ca hi nh thp c tnh theo cng thc (xc nh
tD = 100.220oC v yD = 0.997):
h =
[18. y D + (1 y D ).60].273
22.4.( t D + 273)
25
= 0.592 (Kg/m3).
96
gd
= 20953.07 (m3/h).
h
777
Lu lng hi ra khi thp: Qh =
778
Chn vn tc hi nh thp: vh = 30 (m/s).
779
ng knh ng dn hi: dh =
780
781
782
783
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng dn hi: dh = 0.25 (m).

Ti liu tham kho [4(tp 2)], chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch: lh
= 140 (mm).
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn hi nh thp:
Dy
Db
Dn
4.Qh
=
3600 . .v h
D1
4.20953 .07
= 0.247 (m).
3600 . .30
Bu lng
db
250
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
335
273
(mm)
370
312
22
c . Ong hon lu:

Sut lng hon lu: Ghl =D.MD.R=175.47 . 2.9.18.21 = 9266.3 (Kg/h).
Khi lng ring ca cht lng hon lu, tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)]
tD = 100.22oC: hl = 958 (Kg/m3).
Lu lng cht lng hon lu: Qhl =
Ghl
= 9.67 (m3/h).
hl
Chn vn tc cht lng hon lu (t chy t b phn tch lng ngng t vo

thp): vhl = 0.4 (m/s).
ng knh ng hon lu: dhl =
4.Qhl
4.9.67
=
= 0.092 (m).
3600 . .vhl
3600. .0.4
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng hon lu: dhl = 0.1 (m).

Ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)], chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch:
lhl = 120 (mm).
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn hon lu:
Dn
Dy
Db
D1
h
Bu lng
D
db
Z
(ci)
mm
100
205
108
170
148
14
16
4
d . Ong dn hi vo y thp:
Sut lng hi vo y thp: g1 = 20042.921 (Kg/h).
Khi lng ring ca hi vo y thp c tnh theo cng thc (xc nh
tW = 102.1oC v yW = 0.795:
hd =
[18. yW + (1 yW ).60].273
22,4.( tW + 273)
= 0.865 (Kg/m3).
g '1
= 23171 (m3/h).
hd
801
Lu lng hi vo thp: Qhd =
802
Chn vn tc hi vo y thp: vhd = 30 (m/s).
803
ng knh ng dn hi: dhd =
804
97
16
Z
(ci)
12
4.Qhl
4.23171
=
= 0.256 (m).
3600 . .v hl
3600 . .30
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng dn hi: dhd = 0.25 (m).

26
100
805
806
807

lhd = 150 (mm).
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn hi vo y thp:
Dy
Db
Dn
D1
Bu lng
db
250
808
809
810
811
812
335
273
(mm)
370
312
22
16
Z
(ci)
12
e . Ong dn cht lng y thp:

Sut lng cht lng vo ni un:
G1 =804.91*26.9 =21652.08 (Kg/h).
Khi lng ring ca cht lng cht lng vo ni un, tra ti liu tham kho
[4(tp 1)] tW = 102.1oC : L = 958 (Kg/m3).
G '1
= 22.6 (m3/h).
L
813
Lu lng cht lng vo ni un: QL =
814
815
Chn vn tc cht lng vo ni un (cht lng t chy vo ni un):

vL = 0.8 (m/s).
816
ng knh ng dn cht lng: dL=
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
4.QL
4.22.6
=
=0.099(m).
3600 . .v L
3600 . .0.8
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng dn: dL = 0.1 (m).

Ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)], chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch: lL
= 130 (mm).
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn cht lng y thp:
Dn
Dy
Db
D1
h
Bu lng
D
db
Z
(ci)
mm
100
205
108
170
148
14
16
4
f . Ong dn cht lng t ni un (sn phm y):
Sut lng sn phm y: GW = W.MW = 59.819*30.6=1830.46(Kg/h).
Khi lng ring ca sn phm y, tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)]
tW= 102.1oC : W = 958 (Kg/m3).
GW
= 1.91 (m3/h).
W
825
Lu lng sn phm y: QW =
826
Chn vn tc sn phm y (cht lng t chy): vW = 0.08 (m/s).
827
ng knh ng dn sn phm y: dW=
828
829
830
831
832
=0.091(m).
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng dn: dW = 0.1 (m).
lW = 100 (mm).
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn sn phm y:
Dn
Dy
Db
D1
h
Bu lng
D
db
Z
(ci)
mm
101
27
4.QW
4.1.91
=
3600 . .vW
3600 . .0,08
104
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
100
205
108
170
148
14
16
4
5 . Tai treo v chn :
Tnh trng lng ca ton thp:
Khi lng ca mt bch ghp thn: (thp X18H10T: X18H10T = 7900 (Kg/m3)).
2
2
2
2
m1 = . D Dt .h. X 18 H 10T = .( 2.36 2.2 )0.04.7900 = 51.08(Kg).
4
Khi lng ca mt mm: (thp X18H10T: X18H10T = 7900 (Kg/m3)).

2
m2 = .Dt . mm .0.9. X 18 H 10T = .2.22.0.0064.0.9.7900 =62.2(Kg).

4
Khi lng ca thn thp:
m3 = .(D2ng D2t).Hthn . X18H10T = .( 2.7 2 2.2 2 ).21.12.7900

4
= 21053.18 (Kg).
Khi lng ca y (np) thp:
m4 = Sy . y . X18H10T = 4.48 . 0.005 . 7900 = 86.96 (Kg).
Khi lng ca ton thp: m = 6.m1+50.m2+m3+2.m4=24647.72(Kg).
Suy ra trng lng ca ton thp: P = m.g = 241794.13(N).
Chn thp:
Chn chn : thp c trn bn chn. Ti trng cho php trn mt chn:
Gc =P/4=241794.13/4 =6.0448.5.104 (N).
m bo an ton cho thit b, ta chn: Gc = 6.104 (N).
Truc thie
t b
Theo a
y
thie
t b
852
853
Cc kch thc ca chn : (tnh bng mm)

L
300
854
855
856
857
858
105
B
240
B1
260
B2
370
H
450
h
226
s
18
L
110
d
34
Tai treo:
Chn tai treo: tai treo c gn trn thn thp gi cho thp khi b dao ng
trong iu kin ngoi cnh. Ta chn bn tai treo, ti trng cho php trn mt tai
treo l Gt = 6.045.104 (N).
m bo an ton cho thit b, ta chn: Gt = 6.104 (N).
28
108
859
860
861
862
863
864
Chn tm lt tai treo khi ghp vo thn c kch thc sau:

+ Chiu di tm lt: H = 740 (mm).
+ Chiu rng tm lt: B = 550 (mm).
+B dy tm lt l SH = 10 (mm).
Cc kch thc ca tai treo: (tnh bng mm)

L
230
B
200
B1
205
H
350
S
12
865
866
867
868
869
109
29
l
100
a
25
d
34
112
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
113
CHNG IV: TNH TON THIT B

TRUYN NHIT- THIT B PH.
I . CC THIT B TRUYN NHIT:
Cn bng nhit lng cho ton thp chng ct:
QF + Q = QW + QD + Qnt + Qm
(IV.1)
Trong :
Qnt : nhit lng ngng t hi sn phm nh ngng t thnh lng. Chn
hi sn phm nh ngng t hon ton thnh lng.
Qnt = D.(R+1).MD . rD
, (KJ/h).
Xc nh rD (n nhit ho hi ca sn phm nh):
Tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)], tD = 100.22oC ta c:
An nhit ho hi ca nc: rN = 2256.254 (KJ/kg).
An nhit ho hi ca acid: ra = 406.042 (KJ/kg).
x D =0.995*18/(0.995*18+(1-0.995)*60)=0.984
Suy ra: rD = rN . x D +(1- x D ).ra = 2256.254*0.984+(1-0.984).406.042
= 2226.65 (KJ/kg).
Vy: Qnt =175.47 .(2.9+1) . 18.21.2226.65=27747853.06 (KJ/h).
QF : nhit lng do hn hp acid nhp liu mang vo thp(nhit lng
gia nhit dng nhp liu n trng thi lng si).
QF = GF .HF =GF .cF .(tF to )
(KJ/h).
o
Chn nhit chun: to = 20 C.
( tF+to)/2=(100.52+20)/2=60.26 oC , tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)],
ta c nhit dung ring ca acid: ca =2207 (J/kg.).
Suy ra: cF = x F .4190 +(1- x F ).Ca
=0.775.4190+(1-0.775).2207 = 3743.825(J/kg.).
Vy: QF =5025.86.3743.825.(100.52-20) = 1515059.514 (KJ/h).
QW : nhit lng do sn phm y mang ra t ni un.
QW = GW .HW =W .MW.cW .(tW to )
,(KJ/h).
(tw+to)/2=(102.1+20)/2=61.05
Tra tp1 Ca=2207 (J/kg.)
Chn nhit chun: to = 20oC.
xW =0.7*18/(0.7*18+0.3*60)=0.412
cW = xW .4190+ (1- xW ).Ca=0.412*4190+(1-0.412).2207=3023.996
(J/kg.).
Vy: QW =59.819*30.6.3023.996.(102.1-20)=454448.783(KJ/h).
QD : nhit lng do sn phm nh mang ra t b phn tch hon lu.
QD = GD .HD =D.MD .cD .(tD to )
,(KJ/h).
o
Chn nhit chun: to = 20 C.
t D + t o 100.22 + 20
=
= 60.11oC , tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)], ta
2
2
c nhit dung ring ca acid: ca =2207 (J/kg.).

Suy ra: cD = x D .4190 +(1- x D ).Ca
=0.984*4190+(1-0.984).2207 = 4158.27 (J/kg.).
30
116
912
913
914
915
916
Vy: T (IV.1), ta c:
QD = 175.47*18.21*4158.27 .(100.22-20) =1065880.148 (KJ/h).
Qm : nhit lng tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh.

Chn: Qm = 0,05.Q
Vy: nhit lng cn cung cp cho ni un y thp:
Q =
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
117
1
.(QW + QD + Qnt QF )
0,95
1
(27747853.06 -1515059.514+454448.783+1065880.148)
0,95
= 29213813.13 (KJ/h) =8115kw.

Chn: + Nhit nguyn liu ban u: tF = 28oC.
+ Nhit sn phm nh sau khi lm ngui: tD = 35oC.
+ Nhit sn phm y sau khi trao i nhit vi nguyn liu ban u:
tW = 60oC.
1 . Thit b ngng t sn phm nh:

Chn thit b ngng t v ng loi TH t nm ngang.
Ong truyn nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng: 57x3, chiu di
ng l L = 6(m).
Chn nc lm lnh i trong ng vi nhit u: t1 = 28oC, nhit cui: t2 =
50oC.
Cc tnh cht l hc ca nc lm lnh c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)]
ng vi nhit trung bnh ttbN =
t1 + t 2
=39oC:
2
+ Nhit dung ring: cN = 4.175 (KJ/kg.).

+ Khi lng ring: N = 992 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: N = 0.656.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: N = 0.642 (W/moK).
a . Sut lng nc cn dng ngng t sn phm nh:
GN =
Qnt
27747853.0 6
=
= 57.69 (Kg/s).
3600.c N .(t 2 t1 ) 3600 .4.175.(50 28)
b . Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :
B mt truyn nhit c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit:
Ftb =
Qnt
K .t log
,(m2)
(IV.2).
Vi: + K : h s truyn nhit.

+ tlog : nhit trung bnh logarit.
Xc nh tlog :
Chn kiu truyn nhit ngc chiu, nn:
t log =
(100.22 28) (100.22 50)

100.22 28
Ln
100.22 50
=66.56(oK).
Xc nh h s truyn nhit K:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc:
31
120
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
N
A
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.3).
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng (W/m2.oK).

+ A : h s cp nhit ca hi ngng t (W/m2.oK).
+ rt : nhit tr ca thnh ng v lp cu.
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:(tr110tp10)
Chn vn tc nc i trong ng: vN = 0.5 (m/s).
S ng trong mt ng nc:
n=
GN
4
57.69
4
.
=
.
=60 (ng).
2
N .d tr .v N
992 .0.0512.0.5
Chun s Reynolds :
v d .
0.5.0.051.992
Re N = N . tr N =
=38560.98> 10000 : ch chy
N
0.656.10 3
ri, cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:
Nu N = 0,021. l . Re N
0 ,8
PrN
0 , 43
.(
PrN 0, 25
)
Prw
960
961
Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo ReN v t l chiu di ng vi
962
ng knh ng:ReN=38560.98 v
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
121
L
3
=
= 58.8 ,nn l =1.
d tr 0.051
+ PrN : chun s Prandlt ca nc 39oC, nn PrN = 4.31.

+ Prw : chun s Prandlt ca nc nhit trung bnh ca vch.
Chn :Nhit trung bnh ca
vch ngoi tW1 =550C
,vch trong tW2=500C
tWtb=(tW1 +tW2)/2 = 52.5
nn PrN= 3.15
0.8
0.43
0.25
Suy ra: Nu N = 0.021 * 1 * 38560.98 * 4.31 (4.31 / 3.15) =198.61
H s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:
Nu N . N
= 198.61*0.642/0.051=2500.17 W/m2
N =
d tr
Nhit ti pha nc lm lnh:

q N = N .(t w2 t tbN ) = 2500 .17(55 39) = 113057.67(W/m2)
* Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:
qt =
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt
Trong :
+ rt =
t
+r
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 3 (mm).

H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 17.5 (W/moK).
32
124
981
982
983
984
985
986
Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong v ngoi ng ng vi

nc sch: r = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/2692.31 (m2.oK/W).
Vy: qt = 2692.31.(55-50) =13461.54 W/m2
* H s cp nhit ca hi ngng t: (tp 10 tr119)
Sn phm nh ch yu l nc nn:
987
= 0.725 A * (
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
(t ngt
r
) 0.25
tW 1 )d ng
An nhit ngng t: rD = rN = 2256.254 (KJ/kg).

tm = ( tngt + tW1)/2= (100.22+55)/2=77.61oC
ta c A=167.327
HN =0.725*167.327*(2256.254*103/(100.22-55)*57)0.25
=1173.4 W/m2
Nhit ti ngoi thnh ng:
qHN = HN.(tngt -tW1 ) = 659.857*(100.22-55)=29838.72 W/m2
K=
1
1
1
1
= 615.9(W/m2.oK).
+
+
2500.17 2692 .31 1173.4
995
T (IV.3):
996
T (IV.2), b mt truyn nhit trung bnh:
997
998
999
1000
Ftb =
27747853.0 6 .1000
= 188 (m2).
3600.615.9.66.56
Suy ra chiu di ng truyn nhit :

188
0.057 + 0.051 = 18.15(m).
L=
.60.
2
L' 18.15
So vi L=6 (m) ta c =
=3ln.
L
6
=
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
Khi s ng tng ln 3 ln: n=60*3 =180 (ng) ~ chn n=187(ng).

* Kim tra h s cp nhit ca ru khi c k n s nh hng ca s sp
sp, b tr ng. Chn cch xp ng thng hng, b tr theo dng lc gic u,vy
vi 187 ng th ta sp c 31 hnh lc gic u c cng tm.
Khi : chiu di ng truyn nhit:
1006
188
= 5.93(m).
0.057 + 0.051
L=
< 6(m) : tho.
.187.
2
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
125
Vy : Thit b ngng t sn phm nh l thit b truyn nhit v ng gm

n=187(ng), di L=6(m).
Ong c b tr theo hnh lc gic u. Nn ta c s ng trn ng cho
hnh lc gic: b = 63(ng). Chn bc ng: t=0.0684 (m).
ng knh v thit b: Dv = t.(2no +1)=0.0684*(2*31+1)=4.3 (m)
3 . Ni un gia nhit sn phm y:

Chn ni un gia nhit sn phm y l ni un Kettle, ng truyn nhit c
lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng 57x3.
Chn hi t l hi nc 2 at, i trong ng. Tra ti liu tham kho [4(tp1)], ta
c:
33
128
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
129
+ Nhit si: tsN = 120oC.

+ An nhit ngng t: rN = 2239.51 (KJ/kg).
Sn phm y trc khi vo ni un c nhit l t1 = 100oC, nhit ra l tW =
102.1oC.
a . Sut lng hi nc cn dng :
Lng nhit cn cp cho y thp: Q = 29213813.13 (KJ/h) =8115kw.
Sut lng hi nc cn dng:
GhN =
Qd
8115
=
= 3.624 (Kg/s).
rN
2239.51
Qd
K .t log
Ftb =
,(m2)
(IV.12).

Xc nh tlog :
t log =
(120 100) (120 102.1)

= 18.93 o
120 100
( K).
Ln
120 102.1
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
N
D
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.13).
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit ca hi nc (W/m2.oK).

+ D : h s cp nhit ca sn phm y (W/m2.oK).
Xc nh h s cp nhit ca hi nc:
Chn
nhit ca vch tip xc vi hi nc(trong ng) tw1=115o C
nhit ca vch tip xc vi sn phm y (ngoi ng) tw2=105o C
nhit trung bnh tm =(115+105)/2=110o C.
tra bng trang 120 tp 10 ta c A=183.5
H s cp nhit ca hi nc c xc nh theo cng thc:
rN
N = 0,725. A.
(t sN t w1 ).d tr
0 , 25
2239 .51.1000
= 0,725.183.5.
(120 115).0.051
0 , 25
=7242.31(W/m2.oK).
Nhit ti pha hi:
q N = N .(t sN t w1 ) = 73,415. A.(119,6 t w1 ) 0, 75 (W/m2) (IV.14).
qt =
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt
34
132
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
Trong :
+ rt =
t
+ r1 + r2
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 3 (mm).

H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 17,5 (W/moK).
Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong ng vi nc sch: r1 =
1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Nhit tr lp cu pha sn phm y: r2 =1/5800(m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/1838.77 (m2.oK/W).
Vy: qt = 1944,444.(tw1-tw2)
(IV.15).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca sn phm y:
H s cp nhit ca sn phm y c xc nh theo cng thc (ch
si si bt v xem sn phm y nh l nc):
D =
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
4186,8
.39.p0,6.(105 102.1)2,33
3600
Vi: + p: p sut t nhit si ca sn phm y, khi

p = 1 at = 105 (N/m2).
Suy ra: D = 242120.55(W/m2.oK)
Nhit ti pha sn phm y:
q D = D .(t w 2 100) = 171408 .22(105 102.1) 2,33 =2048419.87 (W/m2)
K=
1
= 1598.4
1
1
1
(W/m2.oC).
+
+
12878 .85 1838.77 242120 .55
1070
T (IV.13):
1071

Ftb =
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
133
8115.1000
= 268.19 (m2).
1598 .4.18.93
Chn s ng truyn nhit: n = 187 (ng).

Chiu di ng truyn nhit:
L
268.19
=
0.051 + 0.057 8.45(m).
.187.
2
Chn: L = 9(m)
Vy: ni un gia nhit sn phm y l thit b truyn nhit v - ng vi s ng
n =187, chiu di ng truyn nhit L = 9(m).
Ong c b tr theo hnh lc gic u. Nn ta c s ng trn ng cho
hnh lc gic: b = 63(ng). Chn bc ng: t=0.0684 (m).
ng knh v thit b: Dv = t.(2no +1)=0.0684*(2*31+1)=4.3 (m)
4.Thit b trao i nhit sn phm nh v nhp liu:

Chn thit b thit b trao i nhit gia nhp liu v sn phm nh l thit b
truyn nhit ng lng ng. Ong truyn nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch
thc ng trong: 25x2 ; kch thc ng ngoi: 38x2.
Dng nhp liu i trong ng 25x2 (ng trong) vi nhit u: tF = 28oC.
Sn phm nh i trong ng 38x2 (ng ngoi)vi nhit u: td = 100.22oC,
nhit cui: td = 60oC.
35
136
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
Cc tnh cht l hc ca sn phm nh c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)]

ng vi nhit trung bnh ttbD =
t ' D +t D
=80.11oC:
2
+ Nhit dung ring: cD = 4.195 (KJ/kg.).

+ Khi lng ring: D = 971.8 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: D = 0.355.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: D = 0.675 (W/moK).
a . Nhit dng nhp liu sau khi trao i nhit vi sn phm y:
Sut lng sn phm nh:
GD = D.MD = 175.47.18.21 = 3195.31 (Kg/h).
Lng nhit cn ti:
Qt =
3195.31
GD
.cD.(tD-tD) =
.4.195.(100.22-60)=149.76(KW).
3600
3600
28oC, ta xem nhit dung ring ca nhp liu l hng s, hay nhit dung
ring ca acid ca = 2.04 (KJ/kg.).
Suy ra: cF = 4.18 . x F +(1- x F ). ca = 4.18.0.775+(1-0.775).2.04
= 3. 699 (KJ/kg.).
Nhit nhp liu sau khi trao i nhit vi sn phm y:
Qt
149.76
+ t 'F =
+ 28
5025 .86
tF = cF .GF
= 57oC.
3.699.
3600
1106
Cc tnh cht l hc ca sn phm nh c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp
1107
1)] ng vi nhit trung bnh ttbF =
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
137
t" F +t ' F 57 + 28
=
= 42.5 oC:
2
2
+ Khi lng ring: F = 998.17 (Kg/m3).

+ nht ng lc: F = 0.65.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: F = 0.51 (W/moK).
Ftb =
Qt
K .t log
,(m2)
(IV.17).

Xc nh tlog :
t log =
(100.22 57) (60 28)

= 37.33 o
100.22 57
( K).
Ln
60 28
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
F
W
,(W/m2.oK)
36
(IV.18).
140
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
Vi: + F : h s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu (W/m2.oK).

+ W : h s cp nhit ca sn phm nh (W/m2.oK).
Xc nh h s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu ng trong:
Vn tc dng nhp liu i trong ng:
vF =
QF
4
5
4
.
=
.
= 4 (m/s).
2
3600. .d tr 3600. .0.0212
Chun s Reynolds :
v d .
4.0.021.998.17
Re F = F tr F =
= 130284 .22 > 104 : ch chy ri,
F
0.65.10 3
cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:
Nu F = 0.021. l . Re F
0 ,8
PrF
0 , 43
.(
PrF 0, 25
)
Prw 2
Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo ReF v t l chiu di ng vi
ng knh ng: chn l =1.
+ PrF : chun s Prandlt ca dng nhp liu 42.5oC, nn
F .c F 0.65.10 3.3699
=
PrF =
= 4.71.
F
0.51
1149
cF = 4.19 . x F +(1- x F ). ca=4.19*0.775+(1-0.775)*2.2288=

3.75KJ/ Kg
+ Prw2 : chun s Prandlt ca dng nhp liu nhit trung bnh ca
vch.
Chn nhit tip xc vch trong tw2 = 58 ,vch ngoi tw1 =70
ttbw =(58 +70)/2 =64oC
+ Khi lng ring: F = 984.92 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: F = 0.462.10-3 (N.s/m2).
F .c F 0.462.10 3.3750
=
Prw2 =
=2.84
F
0.61
Suy ra: NuF =0.021*1*130284.220.84.170.43 *(4.17/2.84)0.25=527.83
H s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu trong ng:
Nu F . F
= 527.83*0.5/0.021=12818.781(W/m2.oK)
N =
1150
Nhit ti pha dng nhp liu:
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
d tr
4822,267
1151
q F = F .(t w 2 t tbF ) =
1152
1153
1154
141
qt =
Prw 2
0 , 25
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt
Trong :
37
(t w 2 44,783) (W/m2)
(IV.19).
144
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
+ rt =
t
+ r1 + r2
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 2(mm).

H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 17,5 (W/moK).
Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong ng vi nc sch:
r1 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Nhit tr lp cu pha sn phm nh: r2 = 1/5800 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/2054.66 (m2.oK/W).
Vy: qt = 1944,444.(tw1-tw2)
(IV.20).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca sn phm nh ngoi ng nh:
Vn tc nc i trong ng ngoi:
vW =
GD
4
3195.31
4
.
=
.
2
2
2
3600 . D .( D tr d ng ) 3600 .971.8 .(0.034 0.025 2 )
= 2.19(m/s).
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0.034- 0.025 = 0.009 (m).
Chun s Reynolds :
v d .
2.19.0.009.971.8
Re D = D td D =
= 53955 .43 > 104 : ch chy
D
0.355.10 3
Nu D = 0,021. l . Re D
0 ,8
PrD
0 , 43
PrD 0, 25
)
Prw1
.(
1180
Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo ReW v t l chiu di ng vi
ng knh ng,chn l =1.
+ PrD : chun s Prandlt ca sn phm nh 80.11oC
D .c D
= 0.355.10-3*4195/0.675=2.2
PrD =
D
Prw1 =2.81
Suy ra: NuD =0.021*1*53955.430.8 2.20.43 *(2.2/2.81)0.25=169.25
H s cp nhit ca sn phm y trong ng ngoi:
Nu D . D
= 169.25*0.675/0.009=12693.45(W/m2.oK)
D =
1181
Nhit ti pha sn phm y:
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
145
d td
qW = W .(t tbD t w1 ) =
5258,569
(80 t w1 ) (W/m2) (IV.21).

0 , 25
Prw1
1
K=
= 1554 .03
1
1
1
T (IV.18):
(W/m2.oC).
+
+
12818 .781 2054 .66 12693 .45

Ftb =
149.76.1000
= 2.58 (m2).
1554 .03.37.33
38
148
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
2.58
= 35.73
0.025 + 0.021
(m).
.
2
Chn: L = 40(m).
Vy: thit b trao i nhit gia dng nhp liu l thit b truyn nhit ng lng
ng vi chiu di ng truyn nhit L = 40(m), chia thnh 10 dy, mi dy di 4
(m).
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
5 .Thit b gia nhit nhp liu :
1210
ng vi nhit trung bnh ttbF =
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
149
Chn thit b gia nhit nhp liu l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng. Ong truyn
nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng trong:25x2; kch thc ng
ngoi: 38x2.
Dng nhp liu i trong ng 25x2 (ng trong) vi nhit u: tF =57oC ,nhit
cui: tF =100.52oC.
Chn hi t l hi nc 1.5 at, i trong ng 38x2(ng ngoi). Tra ti liu tham
kho [4 (tp 1)], ta c:
+ Nhit si: tsN = 110.05oC.
+ An nhit ngng t: rN = 2219.32 (KJ/kg).
Cc tnh cht l hc ca dng nhp liu c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)]
t " F +t F
=78.76oC:
2
+ Nhit dung ring: cF = 3.767 (KJ/kg.).

+ Khi lng ring: F =974.86 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: F = 0.377.10-3 (N.s/m2).
a . Sut lng hi nc cn dng :
Lng nhit cn ti cung cp cho dng nhp liu:
Qc =
5025.896
GF
.cF.(tF tF) =
.3.767.(100.52 -57)=228.87 (KW).
3600
3600
Sut lng hi nc cn dng:

GhN =
Qc
228.87
=
= 0.1 (Kg/s).
rN
2219.32
Ftb =
Qt
K .t log
,(m2)
39
(IV.22).
152
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
153

Xc nh tlog :
t log =
(110.05 57) (110.05 100.52)

= 25.35 o
110.05 57
( K).
Ln
110.05 100.52
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
F
N
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.23).
Vi: + F : h s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu (W/m2.oK).

+ N : h s cp nhit ca hi nc (W/m2.oK).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu trong ng nh:
Vn tc dng nhp liu i trong ng :
vF =
QF
4
5
4
.
=
.
= 4(m/s).
2
3600. .d ng 3600. .0.0212
Chun s Reynolds :
v d .
4.0.021.974.86
Re F = F td F =
= 224269 .52 > 104 : ch chy
F
0.377.10 3
Nu F = 0.021. l . Re F
0 ,8
PrF
0 , 43
.(
PrF 0, 25
)
Prw 2
Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo ReW v t l chiu di ng vi
ng knh ng ,chn l =1.
+ PrF : chun s Prandlt ca dng nhp liu 78.76oC, nn
c .
3767.0.377.10 3
PrF = F F =
= 2.29
F
0.62
Chn
tw2 =95o C: nhit ca vch tip xc vi dng nhp liu
tw1 =105o C: nhit ca vch tip xc vi hi nc
ttbw =(95+105)/2=100oC
+ Nhit dung ring: cF = 3.825 (KJ/kg.).
+ Khi lng ring: F =958 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: F = 0.295.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: F = 0.628 (W/moK).
c F . F 3825.0.295.10 3
=
Prw2 =
=1.797
F
0.628
Suy ra:
NuF =0.021*1* 224269 .52 0.8 *2.290.43 *(2.29/1.797)0.25 =607.98
H s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu trong ng nh:
40
156
F =
1258
Nu F . F
= 607.98*0.628/0.021=18181.38(W/m2.oK).
d td
1259
Nhit ti pha dng nhp liu:
1260
q F = F .(t w 2 t tbF ) =
1261
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
Prw 2
0, 25
(t w2 74,033) (W/m2)
qt =
Trong :
+ rt =
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt
t
+ r1 + r2
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 2(mm).

H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 17.5 (W/moK).
Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong ng vi nc sch:
r1 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Nhit tr lp cu pha nhp liu: r2 = 1/5800 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/2054.66 (m2.oK/W).
Vy: qt = 1944,444.(tw1-tw2)
(IV.25).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca hi nc ngoi ng nh:
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0.034- 0.025 = 0.009 (m)
H s cp nhit ca hi nc c xc nh theo cng thc:
rN
N= 0,725. A.
(t sN t w ).d td
0 , 25
2219.32.1000
= 0,725. A.
(110.05 100).0.009
K=
1
= 1538.9
1
1
1
(W/m2.oC).
+
+
18181 .38 2054 .66 9249 .47
T (IV.23):
1283

Ftb =
1284
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
157
0 , 25
Vi: + A : h s ph thuc vo tnh cht vt l nc theo nhit , c

tra ti liu tham kho [2] tm=(110.05+(105+95)/2)/2=105.025 ta c
A=181.27
aN= 9249.47 (W/m2.oK).
Nhit ti pha hi nc:
q N = N .(t sN t w1 ) = 91,265. A.(100 t w1 ) 0,75 (W/m2) (IV.26).
1282
1285
(IV.24).
1262
1263
6715,679
228.87.1000
=5.87 (m2).
1538 .9.25.35

L
5.87
= 81.24
0.025 + 0.021
(m).
.
2
Chn: L = 92(m)
Vy: thit b gia nhit dng nhp liu l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng vi
chiu di ng truyn nhit L =92 (m), chia thnh 23 dy, mi dy di 4(m).
41
160
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
161
II. TNH BO N CA THIT B:

Trong qu trnh hot ng ca thp, do thp tip xc vi khng kh nn nhit
lng tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh ngy cng ln. thp hot ng n nh,
ng vi cc thng s thit k, ta phi tng dn lng hi t gia nhit cho ni
un thp khng b ngui (nht l sn phm nh, nh hng n hiu sut ca
thp). Khi , chi ph cho hi t s tng.
thp khng b ngui m khng tng chi ph hi t, ta thit k lp cch nhit
bao quanh thn thp.
Chn vt liu cch nhit cho thn thp l aming c b dy l a .Tra ti liu
tham kho [2], h s dn nhit ca aming l a = 0,151 (W/m.oK).
Nhit lng tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh:
Qm = 0,05.Qd = 0,05.265,148 = 13,2574 (KW).
Nhit ti mt mt ring:
Qm a
=
.(t v1 t v 2 ) = a .t v (W/m2).
qm =
(IV.27)
f tb a
a
Vi: + tv1 : nhit ca lp cch nhit tip xc vi b mt ngoi ca thp.
+ tv1 : nhit ca lp cch nhit tip xc vi khng kh.
+ tv : hiu s nhit gia hai b mt ca lp cch nhit.
Nhn thy: qm = const, nn chn tv = tmax = ty -tkk ,tkk = 28oC.
Suy ra tv = 100 28 = 72oC.
+ ftb : din tch b mt trung bnh ca thp (k c lp cch nhit).
ftb = .H.Dtb = .H.(Dt + Sthn + a)
T (IV.27), ta c phng trnh:
13,2574.1000
0,151
=
.72
.14,5.(0,500 + 0,003 + a )
a
Suy ra: a = 0,0195(m).

Vy: chn a = 20 (mm).
42
164
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
III . TNH TON BM NHP LIU:

1 . Tnh chiu cao bn cao v:
Chn ng knh ng dn nguyn liu (nhp liu): d = 100 (mm), nhm ca
ng =0,1(mm).
ng vi nhit trung bnh ttbF =
t F + t'F
= 64.26 oC:
2
+ Khi lng ring: F = 984.74(Kg/m3)

+ nht ng lc: F = 0.46.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Vn tc ca dng nhp liu trong ng dn:
vF =
QF
4
5
4
.
=
.
= 0.7 (m/s).
2
3600. F .d
3600 .0.05 2
1327
a . Tn tht ng ng dn:
1328
l
v 2
h1 = 1 . 1 + 1 . F
d1
2.g
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
(m).
Vi: + 1 : h s ma st trong ng ng.

+ l1 : chiu di ng ng dn, chn l1 = 20(m).
+ d1 : ng knh ng dn, d1 = d = 0.05(m).
+ 1 : tng h s tn tht cc b.
+ vF : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn, vF = 0.7(m/s).
* Xc nh 1 :
Chun s Reynolds ca dng nhp liu trong ng:
v .d .
0.7.0.05.984.74
Re 1 = F 1 F =
= 77066.6
F
0.46.10 3
Theo ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)tr378], ta c:
8
1338
50 7
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh1= 6. 1 = 6. =7289,343

0,1
1339
+ Chun s Reynolds khi bt u xut hin vng nhm:

9
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
165
50 8
d 8
Ren1= 220. 1 = 220. =23.9.104.

0,1
Suy ra: Regh1 < Re1< Ren1: khu vc chy qu , khi (ti liu tham
kho [4 (tp 1)]):
0 , 25
100
= 0.0255
1= 0.1.1.46. +
d1
Re 1
* Xc nh 1:
H s tn tht ca dng nhp liu qua:
+ 10 ch un cong: u1=10.1,1 = 11.
+ 3 van (van thng): v1= 3.0.79 =2.37.
+ 1 lu lng k: l1 = 0 (khng ng k).
Suy ra: 1 = u1 + v1 + t 1+ m1 + l1 = 13.37.
43
168
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
2
20
0.7
0
.
0255
.
+
13
.
37
.
Vy:Tn tht ng ng dn: h1=

=0.623(m).
0.05
2.9.81
b . Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b trao i nhit:
v 2
l
h2 = 2 . 2 + 2 . 2
d2
2.g
(m).

+ l2 : chiu di ng ng dn, l2 = 40(m).
+ d2 : ng knh ng dn, d2 = 0.021(m).
+ v2 : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn, v2 =4(m/s).
* Xc nh 2 :
Chun s Reynolds ca dng nhp liu:
Re2= 130284.22
Theo ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)], ta c:
8
1362
21 7
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh2= 6. 2 = 6. =2704.68.

0,1
1363

9
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
169
21 8
d 8
Ren2= 220. 2 = 220. =90140.38.

0,1
Suy ra: Regh2 < Ren2< Re2: khu vc vng nhm, khi (ti liu tham
kho [4 (tp 1)]):
2 =1/(1.14+2*lg(dtd /))2 = 0.0299
* Xc nh 2:
+ 9 ch ng cong quay ngc: q2=9*0.7 = 3.6.
+ 1 ln co hp: c2 = 0.3
+ 1 ln m rng: m2 =0.36
Suy ra: 2 = q2 + c2+ m 2 =4.26
Vy:Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b trao i nhit: h2=
2
40
4
+ 4.26 .
0.0299.
=25.46(m).
0.021
2.9.81
c . Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b gia nhit nhp liu:
v3 2
l3
h3 = 3 . + 3 .
d3
2.g
(m).

+ l3 : chiu di ng ng dn, l3 = 92(m).
+ d3 : ng knh ng dn, d3 = 0.021(m).
+ v3 : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn, v3 = 4(m/s).
* Xc nh 3 :
Chun s Reynolds ca dng nhp liu Re3=224269.52
44
172
8
1386
21 7
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh3= 6. 3 = 6. =2704.68.

0,1
1387

9
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
21 8
d 8
Ren3= 220. 3 = 220. =90140.38.

0,1
Suy ra: Regh2 < Ren2< Re2: khu vc vng nhm, khi (ti liu tham
kho [4 (tp 1)]):
2 =1/(1.14+2*lg(dtd /))2 = 0.0299
* Xc nh 3:
+ 22 ch ng cong quay ngc: q3=22.0.7 = 15.4.
+ 1 ln co hp: c2 = 0.3.
+ 1 ln m rng: m2 =0.36
Suy ra: 3 = q3 + c3+ m 3 =16.06.
Vy:Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b gia nhit: h3=
2
92
4
0
.
0299
.
+
16
.
06
.
=27.8(m).
0.021
2.9.81
Chn : + Mt ct (1-1) l mt thong cht lng trong bn cao v.

+ Mt ct (2-2) l mt ct ti v tr nhp liu thp.
Ap dng phng trnh Bernolli cho (1-1) v (2-2):
2
2
P1
P2
v1
v2
z1 +
+
= z2 +
+
+hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2.g
2.g
2
1404
P P v v1
hay z1 = z2 + 2 1 + 2
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
Vi: + z1: cao mt thong (1-1) so vi mt t, hay xem nh l chiu cao

bn cao v Hcv = z1.
+ z2: cao mt thong (2-2) so vi mt t, hay xem nh l chiu cao t
v tr nhp liu ti mt t:
z2 = hchn + hy + (Nchng+1) .(h + mm )
= 0.226+0.575 + 13(0.4+0.0064)= 6.0842 (m).
+ P1 : p sut ti mt thong (1-1), chn P1 = 1 at.
+ P2 : p sut ti mt thong (2-2).
Xem P=P2 P1 =Nct .htl = 37 . 500.71 = 18526.27 (N/m2).
+ v1 : vn tc ti mt thong (1-1), xem v1 = 0(m/s).
+ v1 : vn tc ti v tr nhp liu, v1 = vF = 0.2 (m/s).
+ hf1-2 : tng tn tht trong ng t (1-1) n (2-2):
hf1-2 = h1 + h2 + h3 = 0.623+50.92+127.8 = 130.54(m).
1418
P P v v1
Vy: Chiu cao bn cao v: Hcv = z2 + 2 1 + 2
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
18526 .27
0.2 2 0
+
+ 130.54
984.74.9.81 2.9.81
1419
=6.0842 +
1420
= 138.54(m).
173
45
176
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
Chn Hcv = 140(m).
2 . Chn bm:
Lu lng nhp liu: QF = 5(m3/h).
Chn bm c nng sut l Qb = 5.2 (m3/h).ng knh ng ht, ng y bng
nhau v bng 50(mm),ngha l chn ng 38x2.
ng vi nhit trung bnh tF = 28 oC:
+ Khi lng ring: F = 1005.17 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: F = 0.857.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng ht v y:
vh = vd =
4.Qb
3600. .d h
4.5.2
= 1.59(m/s).
3600 . .0.034 2
Tng tr lc trong ng ht v ng y:
hhd = .
v 2
lh + ld
+ h + d . h
dh
2.g
Vi: + lh : chiu di ng ht, chn lh = 2 (m).

+ ld : chiu di ng y, chn ld = 145 (m).
+ h : tng tn tht cc b trong ng ht.
+ d : tng tn tht cc b trong ng y.
+ : h s ma st trong ng ht v ng y.
* Xc nh :
Chun s Reynolds ca dng nhp liu:
v h .d h . F 1.59.0.034.91005 .17
=
Re=
=634066.64.
F
0.857.10 3
8
1443
34 7
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh= 6. h = 6. =4691.05.
0.1

1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
177
d
Ren= 220. h

34 8
= 220. =155001.7.
0.1
Suy ra: Regh2 < Ren2< Ren: khu vc vng nhm, khi (ti liu tham
kho [4 (tp 1)]):
2 =1/(1.14+2*lg(dtd /))2 = 0.026
* Xc nh h:
H s tn tht cc b trong ng ht qua:
+ 1 ln vo ming thu nh: t = 0.2.
Suy ra: h = t =0.2.
* Xc nh d:
H s tn tht cc b trong ng y qua:
+ 2 ln un gc: u =2.1.6 = 3.2.
Suy ra: h = u =3.2.
Vy:Tn tht trong ng ht v ng y:
46
180
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
181
2
2 + 145
1.59
0
.
026
.
+
0
.
2
+
3
.
2
.
hhd =
=14.92(m).
0.034
2.9.81
Chn : + Mt ct (1-1) l mt thong cht lng trong bn cha nguyn liu.

+ Mt ct (2-2) l mt thong cht lng trong bn cao v.
Ap dng phng trnh Bernolli cho (1-1) v (2-2):
2
2
P1
P2
v1
v2
z1 +
+
+ Hb= z2 +
+
+hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2.g
2.g
Vi: + z1: cao mt thong (1-1) so vi mt t(chn =2m).

+ z2: cao mt thong (2-2) so vi mt t.
+ v1,v2 : vn tc ti mt thong (1-1) v(2-2), xem v1=v2= 0(m/s).
+ hf1-2 =hhd: tng tn tht trong ng t (1-1) n (2-2).
+ Hb : ct p ca bm.
Suy ra: Hb = (z2 z1) + hhd = (140-2) +14.92 =152.92(m.cht lng)
Chn hiu sut ca bm: b = 0,8.
Qb H b F .g 5.2.152.92.1005.17.9.81
=
Cng sut thc t ca bm: Nb =
3600 . b
3600 .0.8
=2722.6(W) = (hp).
Tm li: m bo thp hot ng lin tc ta chn 2 bm li tm loi XM v
Qb = 1,2 (m3/h) v ru l cht khng c hi.
47
184
CHNG V : GI THNH THIT B.
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
I . TNH S B GI THNH CA THIT B:

Lng thp X18H10T cn dng:
G1 = 53.m2+ m3+ 2.m4 = 53.1,955 + 531,808 + 2.7,347 = 650,117(Kg).
Lng thp CT3 cn dng:
G2 = Gbch ghp thn + Gbch ghp ng dn
= 30.18,144 +(2.4. .(0,1402-0,0502).0,012 + 2.2. . (0,2052-0,1002) . .

4
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
B phn ni cong ng:

Nhng ch quay ngc ng ta dng 2 b phn ni ng cong 90o.
* Ni ng 25mm: 11.2 + 1 + 2.2 = 27 (ci).
* Ni ng (31-50)mm: 10 + 11.2 + 1 = 33 (ci).
Vy: s tin mua vt t ch to thit b l 55394934 (ng).
Tin gia cng ch to thit b(gia cng phc tp, chnh xc cao) bng
500% tin vt t: 500%.55394934 = 276974670 (ng).
Tm li: Chi ph u t: 55394934 + 276974670 = 332369604 (ng). Tng
chi phi u t (bao gm chi ph pht sinh) c chn l 400 (triu ng).
Vt liu
S lng
n ga
Thp X18H10T
650,117 (kg)
50000 (/kg)
32505850
Thp CT3
565,498 (kg)
10000 (/kg)
5654980
Bulng
320 (bulng)
3000 (/bulng)
960000
Vt liu cch nhit
185
0,014). 7850
= 565,498(Kg).
S lng bulng cn mua:
n = 15.20 + 4.5 = 320 (bulng).
Th tch vt liu cch nhit cn dng:
V = .(Dt + St ). a .H = .(0,5 + 0,003).0,02.14,5 = 0,4583(m3).
Chiu di ng dn:
* Ong 25mm: L1= Lb +LTBTN +LTBGN +Lni un +LTBnt +LTBln
= 13 + 18 + 15 + 91.1,5 + 91.1,5 + 20.2 =359(m)~360(m).
* Ong (31-50)mm: L2= Ldn + LTBGN +LTBTN +l1 = 40 +15 +18 +20
= 93(m) ~ 95(m).
* Ong 100mm: chn ng dn hi nh v y thp: L3 = 10(m).
Knh quan st: ng knh l:100(mm), dy 5(mm).
S = 2. 0,12 = 0,0157(m2).
0,4583 (m )
48
Thnh tin
4000000 (/m )
1833200
188
Ong dn 25mm
360 (m)
15000 (/m)
5400000
Ong dn (31-50)mm
95 (m)
20000 (/m)
1900000
Ong dn 100mm
10 (m)
40000 (/m)
400000
B phn ni 25mm
27 (ci)
30000 (/ci)
810000
B phn ni (31-50)mm
33 (ci)
50000 (/ci)
1650000
Bm
2.0,064 (hp)
700000 (/hp)
89600
Ap k t ng
1 (ci)
600000 (/ci)
600000
Nhit k in tr t ghi
5 (ci)
200000 (ci)
1000000
Lu lng k (<50mm)
2 (ci)
1000000 (/ci)
2000000
Knh quan st dy 5mm
6.0,0157 (m2)
120000 (/m2)
11304
Van thp 25mm
5 (ci)
20000 (/ci)
100000
Van thp (31-50)mm
8 (ci)
30000 (/ci)
240000
Racco ni ng
8 (ci)
30000 (/ci)
240000
Tng cng
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
189
55394934
II . KT LUN:
+ Thit k c thp chng ct Etanol Nc tng i hon chnh khi bit
trc nng sut, nng nhp liu v nng , thu hi ca sn phm nh.
+ Tnh ton tng i chi tit qu trnh lm vic ca thit bv kh nng chu
bn ca thit b v tnh n mn c hc v ho hc, cng nh iu kin lm vic ca
thit b.
+ S b tnh c chi ph u t ban u cho thp chng ct.
c tnh k thut ca thit b chng ct thit k ng vi cc thng s cho
ban u:
+ T s hon lu thch hp: R = 2,973.
+ S mm chng ct thc t: 53 mm.
+ ng knh thp chng ct: 500 mm.
+ ng knh l trn mm: 3 mm.
+ B dy mm: 1,8 mm.
+ S l trn mt mm: 2716 l.
+ Tr lc ca ton thp: 20199,9 N/m2.
+ Khong cch gia hai mm: 250 mm.
+ Chiu cao thp: 14,5 m.
+ Thn y np lm bng thp X18H10T, c b dy: 3 mm.
+ Bch ghp thn y np lm bng thp X18H10T, loi bch lin khng
c.
+ Bch ghp ng dn lm bng thp CT3, loi bch lin khng c.
+ ng knh ng dn cht lng: 50 mm.
+ ng knh ng dn hi: 100 mm.
u v nhc im ca thp chng ct mm xuyn l c tm tt phn u
(chng I, mc I.2).
49
192
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
193
50
196
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
197
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] . V Vn Ban, V B Minh Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho hc, truyn
khi(tp 3) Trng i Hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM.
[2] . Phm Vn Bn, V B Minh, Hong Minh Nam Qu trnh v thit b cng
ngh ho hc, V d v bi tp(tp 10) - Trng i Hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM.
[3] . Phm Vn Bn, Nguyn nh Th - Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho
hc, Qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit(tp 5) Nh xut bn i Hc Quc Gia
TP.HCM.
[4] . S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht (tp 1, 2) Nh xut bn
khoa hc v k thut.
[5] . H L Vin Thit k v tnh ton cc chi tit thit b ho cht Nh xut
bn khoa hc v k thut H Ni 1978.
[6] . Tp th ging vin B Mn C Lu Cht Gio Trnh C Lu Cht
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM.
51

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1

2CHNG I : TNG QUAN

3 . Ni un gia nhit sn phm y

CHNG I : TNG QUAN.

2 . Thit b chng ct:

Thp mm xuyn lo.

- Hiu sut thp.

II . GII THIU S B NGUYN LIU :

* Phn ng hydro v oxy ho:

ng dng: etanol c nhiu ng dng hn metanol, n ng mt vai tr quan

+ Thuc sng khng khi.

S tm tt v tr ca etanol trong cc ngnh cng nghip.

etylen vi xc tc H2SO4; thu phn dn xut halogen v ester ca etanol khi

Trong : 95% nguyn liu chuyn thnh etanol v CO2.

Nhit nng chy

III. CNG NGH CHNG CT H ETANOL NC:

* Thuyt minh qui trnh cng ngh:

CHNG II : CN BNG VT CHT .

341 I . CC THNG S BAN U :

Nng nhp liu :

Nng sn phm nh : 0.5% mol acid axetic( xD=0.995)

Khi lng phn t trung bnh dng sn phm nh :

III . XC NH T S HON LU THCH HP:

T s hon lu thch hp:RX=1.3Rmin+0.3=2.9

IV . PHNG TRNH NG LM VIC S MM L

2 . Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng :

trong : tb : hiu sut trung bnh ca a, l mt hm s ca bay hi tng

+ bay tng i ca cu t d bay hi :

Vi : x :phn mol ca nc trong pha lng .

+ tF = 100.52 oC , ma = 0.46.10-3 Ns/m2 ; mn=0.284.10-3 Ns/m2(t2/91,92)

+ v tW =102.1oC,ma = 0.46.10-3 Ns/m2 ; mn=0.284.10-3 Ns/m2

+ tD = 100.22oC , ,ma = 0.46.10-3 Ns/m2 ; mn=0.284.10-3 Ns/m2

Vy chn Ntt = 50 mm 37 mm ct,12 mm chng 1 mam nhp liu

CHNG III :TNH TON THIT K THP

(V MthD =18.yD+(1-yD).60 = 18.126(Kg/Kmol).

Vi : G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on ct .

14085 .799 + 12404 .22

b . Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :

[ ytb .18 + (1 ytb ).60].273

Vi: + Nng phn mol trung bnh : ytb =

Suy ra : rytb =0.631 (Kg/m3).

ttb = 100.37oC , tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)-trang 9], ta c :

ra=958kg/m3 rn =958 kg/m3

trnh to bt ta chn tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :

498ng knh on chng :

Vi : G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on chng .

20042 .921 + 14085 .799

b . Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :

r'ytb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi (Kg/m3) .

[ y'tb .18 + (1 y'tb ).60].273

Vi: + Nng phn mol trung bnh :

Suy ra : rytb =0.768 (Kg/m3).

ttb = 101.31oC , tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)-trang 9], ta c :

trnh to bt ta chn tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :

Kt lun : hai ng knh on ct v on chng khng chnh lch nhau qu

0,0188 2.13245 .01

+ Phn chng :lv =

0,0188 2.g 'tb

0,0188 2.17064 .36

2 . gim p ca pha kh qua mt mm :

b . gim p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm :

Vi : + qL : lu lng ca cht lng (m3/ph).

Vi : n :gc tm chn bi chiu di on Lw .

Vy : gim p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm phn ct l: