Jordan University of Science and Technology Faculty of Computer and Information Technology Department of Computer Engineering Graduation Project

STINK
Reham Murrar Noor Awad Eng. Mohammad Al-Basheer Dr. Monther Aldwairi

Jordan University of Science and Technology STINK Graduation Project

Contents
Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 14 15 16 27 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. Chapter 1: Background and Related Work ................................................................................ Chapter 2: STINK Prototype 1...................................................................................................

2.1. Software.......................................................................................................................... 28 2.2. USB interface ................................................................................................................... 29 2.3. Hardware ...................................................................................................................... 210 2.3.1 Receiver Circuit ........................................................................................................ 211 2.3.2 Power Supply Circuit ................................................................................................. 211 2.3.3 Switch Control Circuit ............................................................................................... 212 2.4. Fragrance Canister .......................................................................................................... 213 Chapter 3: STINK Prototype 2................................................................................................... 314

3.1. Electronic Circuit ............................................................................................................ 314 3.1.1. PIC microcontroller................................................................................................... 315 3.1.2. Heater circuit ........................................................................................................... 315 3.2. software interface .......................................................................................................... 316 3.2.1. User Interface .......................................................................................................... 316 3.2.2. PIC software ............................................................................................................ 317 Chapter 4: STINK Applications ................................................................................................. References .................................................................................................................................. 418 419

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Table of Figures
FIGURE 1.STINK ............................................................................................................................. 27 FIGURE 2.STINK SOFTWARE. .......................................................................................................... 28 FIGURE 3.SERIAL COMMUNICATION PORTS WITH THEIR CONNECTION TO THE BOARD ............... 29 FIGURE 4.PINS OF THE SERIAL PORT AND EACH PIN FOR WHAT USED .......................................... 29 FIGURE 5.THE ELECTRONIC CONTROL CIRCUIT. .......................................................................... 210 FIGURE 6.VOLTAGE INPUT TO THE CIRCUIT. ............................................................................... 211 FIGURE 7.VOLTAGE GENERATOR CIRCUIT................................................................................... 211 FIGURE 8.ELECTROMECHANICAL SWITCH CONTROL CIRCUIT .................................................... 212 FIGURE 9.CARTRIDGE OF STINK, THAT CONTAINING THE SMELL ............................................... 213 FIGURE 10.VERSION II CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC ................................................................................ 314 FIGURE 11.RELAY AS APPEARS INTERNALLY .............................................................................. 315 FIGURE 12.GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE OF THE STINK VERSION II ........................................... 316 FIGURE 13.PIC PROGRAMMING CODE ............................................................................................ 317

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Jordan University of Science and Technology STINK Graduation Project

Abstract
Until now, computing environments and online communication involved only three of our senses; hearing, touching and sight. We plan to go one step further and add the sense of smell to computers. Imagine playing a game with actual dust, blood or gunpowder smell. Inhale the smell of roses or perfume samples when browsing the Internet. ScenT INducing Kit(STINK ) aims to develop a new generation of computer peripherals to complement the computing, gaming and Internet experience. STINK will enable scents and smells to be broadcasted over the web.

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Jordan University of Science and Technology STINK Graduation Project

Introduction
STINK is a name we chose for a combination of hardware and software that has ability to release smells and odors in games, movies, e-shopping, relaxation, medical or other forms of entertainment. STINK technology is built as a standalone computer peripheral with an independent power source. The first prototype connects to the PC through USB port. If user clicks on a pictures such as flower, its proper smell will be released. STINK first prototype which is composed of both hardware and software components and relies on pressurized fumes technology. The hardware is an electronic circuit board that controls a switch which in turn allows the smell to be bumped out of a canister storing pressurized fumes. The software interface is a simple picture click that generates the proper signal transmitted through the USB to the hardware. MS Visual studio 2010 was used as the development environment and C# .NET as the programming platform. This prototypes is capable of releasing only one smell. The second prototype relies on heating a coil which is submerged into a perfume essence. It is capable of releasing multiple smells. The hardware is an electronic circuit board that uses a PIC microcontroller and a relay for each coil. When the user selects the smell, the proper relay is activated and the correct coil is heated. The software interface is a simple picture click that generates the proper signal transmitted through the USB to the hardware. MS Visual studio 2010 was used as the development environment and C# .NET as the programming platform. In addition PCW C compiler is used to program the PIC microcontroller. The rest of the report is organized as follows. Chapter 1 presents the background and related work. Chapter 2 presents version 1 of the system and its design in more details. Chapter 3 presents version 2 of the system and its design in more details. Chapter 4 present the application of the STINK and where it can be used.

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Chapter 1: Background and Related Work

Early attempts to add smell to movies date back to 1916 even before sound was introduced! A Hans Laube family owned theater in Forest City, Pennsylvania filled the room with the scent of rose oil during a Rose Bowl game. Unfortunately, this great idea didnt succeed as much as the introduction of speech and sound. In 1939 the Hans invented a system that allowed scents to be streamed through individual seats in movie theaters. The invention was refined and used in the 1960s for the Scent of Mystery film which failed despite the media hype. Complain of smells being emitted too late and others couldnt smell anything at all [1]. In 1982, John Waters ensured that there were no technical difficulties using the scratch-n-sniff cards technique. This technique generally refers to things that have been treated with a micro fragrance coating, when scratched; the coating releases an odor that is normally related to an image being displayed under the coating [2]. In 2005, Scent Dome was built as an electronic odor generation device, consisting of two major components, a base unit and a scent cartridge. The base unit contains two fans (which will blow the smell released towards the user), a power supply, a switch and a circuit board with a COMM port. The scent cartridge has 20 independent chambers, each containing a unique aroma, ready to be released. The device connects to a PC via the RS-232 serial port. Scent Dome includes many bottles with each containing a different smell. In each bottle, there is a coiled filament contained in an ampoule and dipped into the fragrance oil. Two ends of the filament are wired onto a circuit board placed at the base of the cartridge. During odor generation, the ampoule draws up a few drops of fragrance oil from the reservoir by capillary action. A small current is then passed through the filament to gently raise its temperature to a level just sufficient to release the fragrance. Leftover oil in the reservoir remains unheated, ready for future usage. The disadvantage of this technology is the weakening odors emitted due to the presence of organic solvents which dilutes the concentration of esters in artificial flavorings [3]. In 2006 NTT Com offered various aromas to the back seat audience of movie theaters in Japan. Once smelly radio is plugged into your computer it has the ability to mix six oil based scents at the demand and preference of Tokyo FM internet radio station. Smelly phones, are available with more than 11 fragrances, the scents are released from a replaceable strip located near the central hinge and can be replaced when they stop smelling [4].

Febreze introduced Bionaire Febreze Scentstories in 2009. While it does not come coupled with an entertainment device such as a pc or radio, it is worth mention for its simplicity. It generates the smell by playing reusable Scentstories perfumed discs, and incorporates a quiet fan to circulate the scents into the air[5]. ScentScape was introduced in 2011 as a USB Plug-N-Play which uses the ScentEditor to add scents while editing videos. The device provides 20 basic scents per cartridge that last 200 hours depending on usage. It also offers a volume control to adjust the smell strength. the device has the dimensions of 3.5"h x 4.25"w x 5.5" and sells for $70[6].

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Jordan University of Science and Technology STINK Graduation Project

Chapter 2: STINK Prototype 1

A prototype for the first implementation has been built and is fully operational. The idea was to trap smell in a pressurized canister and control the release through an electromechanical switch that is controlled by the software Figure 1 shows the complete system. STINK is composed of a simple user interface where the user clicks on a picture. The control circuit is built from scratch to control the electromechanical switch responsible for releasing the smell from a pressurized canister. The following Subsections explain the system in more details. Subsection, 2.1 explains the software interface. Subsection 2.2 presents the USB interface and Subsection 2.3 discusses the circuit in more details. Finally Subsection 2.4 explains where the perfume canister came from.

Figure 1. STINK

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2.1. Software
The user interface is shown in Figure 2 below. Once the user clicks on the button labeled smell, a USB serial port is declared and opened to be ready to receive the signal. Then writeLine statement is executed, that is transmit the string smell over serial port that is converted from digital to analogue and reach the electromechanical switch as 5 volts that triggers the switch that responsible for releasing the smell from a pressurized canister.

Figure 2. STINK Software.

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2.2. USB interface

Figure 3. Serial communication ports with their connection to the board USB serial port is attached to a null modem of DB 9-pin female each one is for a specific purpose as shown in Figure 4. Pin 5 connects to the ground and the receiver of the serial port which is pin 2 connects to the input point of the circuit with the 10K ohm resistor. Therefore, when a voltage signal is send through the USB, this voltage will arrive to the 10K ohm through the receiver pin causing the smell to be released.

Figure 4. pins of the serial port and each pin for what used

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2.3. Hardware
STINK hardware is basically an electronic circuit that connects to the fragrance canister via USB Interface from one side, and the other side is a connected with the PC via serial port as shown in Figure 5. When user clicks on the picture, he sends a string through USB serial port that is converted to analogue voltage. When it reaches the capacitor that acts as a low pass filter, to smooth the signal into a 5 volts. The npn transistor will be in saturation mode, and the current will pass from emitter to collector that is IC = IE. The next transistor will be ON and it gives the coil that is wrapped around magnates a high energy such that it will move forward to collide with the small piece of steel in front of it opening the canister and releasing the puff of smell generating a loud sound. For clarity, we divide this circuit into parts and explain each part separately.

micro controller of the canister f ly wheelin diode + -

pnp

Starting Point
10k 1n

npn 9014

20

B772

C1 100u

Regulator

C2 100u

9Vdc

Figure 5. The electronic control circuit.

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Jordan University of Science and Technology STINK Graduation Project

2.3.1 Receiver Circuit

Starting Point
10k 1n npn 9014

Figure 6. voltage input to the circuit. This circuit is the input part that receives the signal from USB serial port as 5v signal. This circuit consist of Resistor of 10 K Ohm, Capacitor, npn transistor.

2.3.2 Power Supply Circuit

C1 100u

Regulator

C2 100u

9Vdc

Figure 7. Voltage generator circuit. This circuit gives the emitter of the pnp transistor a voltage equal to 5v using a voltage regulator. It consists of voltage source, voltage regulator and two capacitors. The voltage source (battery) is the main power supply for the device and has 9v with maximum 1.5A output. The voltage regulator is used to regulate the battery from 9v to 5v. The two capacitors, each of 100 micro farad, are used as filter preserver, to limit the current that passes through the emitter of the pnp-transistor, and to filter the signals as square wave of 0v to 5v.

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2.3.3 Switch Control Circuit

micro controller of the canister f ly wheelin diode + -

pnp 20 B772

Figure 8.

Electromechanical switch control circuit

This circuit controls the opening and closing the fragrance canister by setting the controls for the switch. It consists of Diode (fly wheeling diode), PnP transistor, Resistor of 20 ohm, and two wires from the cartridge.

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2.4. Fragrance Canister

The cartridge's shown in Figure 9 has the height of approximately 6 cm, and the diameter equal to 2 cm that has a pressurized air freshener perfume and can be bought from regular grocery stores. The associated electromechanical switch was extracted from an Airwick device. We dismantled an old Airwick device and disconnected the accompanying circuit. It took us a long time to experiment with the switch controls to figure out how they work.

Figure 9. cartridge of STINK, that containing the smell

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Jordan University of Science and Technology STINK Graduation Project

Chapter 3: STINK Prototype 2

A second prototype for STINK is built to generate multiple natural smells and it is fully operational. The second prototypes relies on a circuit that heat a thin coil which is submerged in essence. Relays were used to connect multiple coils without the need to duplicate the control circuit. a PIC microcontroller is the main control device. The following Subsections explain the system in more details. Subsection, 3.1 discusses the circuit Subsection 3.2 explains the software interface.

3.1. Electronic Circuit

The schematic below shows the whole design for the circuit that includes a PIC microcontroller which is responsible for receiving the signals from the Interface, MAX232 is interfaced to the PC via the USB serial port. The idea is to choose and heat the coil that is dipped in oil of the appropriate smell using relays. The following Subsections explain the circuit in more details. Subsection, 3.1.1 discuss PIC microcontroller. Subsection 3.1.2 explains coil heating circuit.

Figure 10. Version II Circuit schematic

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3.1.1. PIC microcontroller

The microcontroller used is from PIC16FB877AP family and has four 8-bit ports which are programmed to control which coil is heated. Once a user click a picture a signal is converted to an analogue voltage via USB serial port and is transmitted to the PIC via the MAX232 after. MAX232 is used to generate TTL voltages compatible between PC and PIC. The PIC analyzes the signal and picks the appropriate port to output a high voltage. Each port is connected to a coil which is designed to heat up fast. The coils are dipped in fragrance essence, therefore when the coil is hot enough the smell is released.

3.1.2. Heater circuit

The circuit has multiple heaters one for each smell, the heater is a coil of 1000W that is heated when 2A up to 4A passes through. Because the current is relatively high we build a multiplexer using relays to select the appropriate heater to heat the appropriate coil. A relay is a small switch whose movement is controlled by the action of an electromagnet inside. When power is applied to the relays coil, the electromagnet comes alive and pulls across the switching contacts. Figure 11 shows the relay's coil in yellow. Close to the coil you can see the switch, which is open. It is open when there is no power being applied to the relay; this is called a Normally Open (NO). When power is applied to the relays coil, the single contact closes.

Figure 11. Relay as appears internally

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3.2. software interface

The software consists of two modules. The graphical user interface (GUI) and control module for the PIC. The following Subsections explain the software in more details. Subsection, 3.2.1 discusses the User Interface. Subsection 3.2.2 explains how we program the PIC microcontroller.

3.2.1. User Interface

The user interface of the STINK is simple as shown in Figure 12. The interface consists of several pictures of fruits which are clickable. Once the user clicks on any of these pictures, the software transmits a signal composed of a character representing the number of the fruit or smells. The signal is transmitted over USB port to the PIC that examines this character and decides where to output high voltage. The ports are connected to relays that act as a multiplexer to activate the appropriate coil.

Figure 12. Graphical User Interface of the STINK version II

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3.2.2. PIC software

PCW C Compiler software was used to program the PIC microcontroller. A snippet of the code is shown in Figure 13. Port B of the PIC is chosen as output port where pin 7 is for smell 1, pin 6 is for smell 2and so on for the other 6 smells supported.

Figure 13. PIC programming code

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Chapter 4: STINK Applications

There are many applications and areas that can benefit from the Scent Inducing Kit developed in this project. below are some examples. 1. Online interactive gaming: Games with scented environments are more realistic. 2. Communications: Scent offers developers as well as consumers another medium for creativity and self-expression. For example scented websites, electronic greeting cards and e-mail. With smell technology you can travel anywhere in the world or to any time period in the past. 3. E-commerce: Scent will bring the online shopping experience to life. Scent-enabled shopping sites will be more compelling if you can actually smell perfumes, flowers, food and beverages. 4. Advertising: Vendors of food, cosmetics, home care products and travel related services can use scent to make advertisements more engaging and memorable. 5. Education: STINK could be important for enhancing e-learning, when you present something together with smell, memory is enhanced, For example, a student learning English may be presented with the word apple. If that is presented with the smell, too, it would be easier to remember.

6. Medical: Aromatherapy is a kind of curing certain diseases by using different types of smell.
STINK helps in identifying dementing brain disorders including Huntingtons and Parkinsons and for differentiating them from other mental disorders. This method is based on detecting the olfactory defaults that are diagnostic of the dementing diseases.

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References
[1]:http://www.silverbearing.com/smelly%20vision%20fact%20or%20just%20virtual%20reality.pdf [2]:http://www.silverbearing.com/smelly%20vision%20fact%20or%20just%20virtual%20reality.pdf [3]: http://knol.google.com/k/qiao-han/scent-dome/27z5kgz8sqmbj/1# [4]:http://www.silverbearing.com/smelly%20vision%20fact%20or%20just%20virtual%20reality.pdf [5]:http://www.silverbearing.com/smelly%20vision%20fact%20or%20just%20virtual%20reality.pdf [6]:http://www.silverbearing.com/smelly%20vision%20fact%20or%20just%20virtual%20reality.pdf

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