Revolution Study Guide

Scientific Revolution: (Pages 91-98 in Workbook, The Scientific Revolution

Note-taking Guide Worksheet, Scientist Flipbook, or pages 670-679 in
Textbook)

1. What did Ptolemy’s theory state? Geocentric universe

2. Who came up with the idea of a heliocentric universe? What does this mean?
Copernicus…..sun centered

3. Was Ptolemy a scientific revolution astronomer? Why or why not? No….lived

in Egypt 1000 years before Scientfic Revolution

4. What are the 4 steps to the scientific method? Observe, Hypothesize, Test,
Modify

5. What famous mathematician was known for his universal laws of motion and
gravity? Isaac Newton

6. What scientist said “I think, therefore I am” and was known as the father of
rationalism? Descartes

7. What scientist was charged with heresy, or anti-Church teachings, because of

his evidence and support of a heliocentric universe? Galileo

French Revolution: (Pages 99-106 in Workbook, Active Reading Section 19-

1 Worksheet, Guided Viewing Sheets from French Revolution video, or
pages 714-723)
8. List the three French estates and who made up each estate. 1st (church and
clergy), 2nd (Nobles), 3rd common people and peasants.

9. What was the Reign of Terror? Ran by Robespierre where thousands of men,
women, and children lost their lives.

10. What was the main cause of the French Revolution? Unequal tax burdens

11. What happened to the class system after the French Revolution? It was
eliminated

12. What changes did Napoleon Bonaparte bring to France? Created a new legal
system, ended the class system (three estates), required all citizens to pay taxes…

Latin American Revolution: (Pages 107-112 in Workbook, Chapter 19-4

Active Reading Guide “Nationalism in Latin America”, Textbook pages
749-751)
13. Define (Using pages 107-110 in your workbook)
a. Peninsulares top gov’t officials, born in Spain and Portugal
b. Creoles Spanish and Portuguese descendents, born in colonies
c. Mestizos laborers and servants who were mixed of Spanish and Native
Americans
 d. Mulattos mixed African and European descendents, or enslaved
Africans
e. Caudillos dictators who ruled by military force

14. What revolutions inspired Latin Americans to form their own movements for
freedom? American and French Revolution

15. Where did the first Latin American Revolution take place? Haiti
What made this country so ready to rebel? French Revolution
From what country did they rebel? France
Who led this rebellion? Toussaint-Louverture

16. Who were Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Morelos? Why were they important?
Leaders of the Mexican Revolution….executed for the cause.

17. List the countries liberated (freed) by:

a. Simon Bolivar Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, Peru

b. Jose San Martin Argentina, Peru

18. What was the Monroe Doctrine? Stated that European countries should stay
out of the affairs of Latin American countries (as well as North America)

Industrial Revolution (Workbook pages 113-120, Active Reading

Worksheet Section 19-2, Industrial Revolution Video Guided Viewing,
Textbook Pages 724-730)
19. What were the 3 main reasons the Industrial Revolution began in England?
Enclosure movement, more people could work, natural resources

20. What was the enclosure movement? Change in way wealthy nobles land
worked their land. Fenced in land and use it to farm or raise sheep. Pushed
out many peasants and forced them to go live in the city.

21. What were the large natural resources in England? Coal and iron, rivers
22. What is money invested in a business called? (Top of 114 in your workbook…it
it is NOT bolded!)
Capital

23. What are :

a. Partnerships Two or more entrepreneurs who invest money for profits
b. Corporations organization formed by stockholders who buy shares in a
company.
c. Unions united workers who want to improve wages, benefits, and working
conditions.

24. What is industrial capitalism? goods produced more readily, allowing for a larger
middle class and the ability to have free enterprise?

25. How did new inventions help to change the cottage industry? Cottage
industry was eliminated
26. What is socialism? How does this differ from capitalism? believed that the
means of production should be owned by society as a whole?

27. What was the leading industrial metal during the industrial revolution? Steel
What inventions resulted from the use of electricity? Light Thomas
Edison, Michael Faraday, Rudolf Diesel, Gottlieb Daimler, Orville and
Wilbur Wright, James Hargreaves, Richard Arkwright, Edmund
Cartwright, James Watt, Henry Cort, Henry Bessemer, Robert Fulton.

28. bulb, generator, engines

29.Choose 3 of the following inventors. Write a 5 sentence paragraph

on EACH inventor explaining what they invented and why what they
invented was important. You may use your own opinion here, but
you must state facts.