De La Salle University

College of Engineering

LBYCVW3

Experiment No. 1 Rainfall-Runoff Relationship (Effect of Moisture in Soil)

Submitted by: Revelo, Joemar N. Submitted to: Dr. Danilo C. Terante

Date Performed: Date Submitted:

January 13, 2012 January 27, 2012

Experiment 1 data Varying Moisture Sample Table to compute corresponding Q and derive C (coefficient of runoff). T (min) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 Group # 4 H (mm) 2 2.5 4.5 7 13.2 16.5 17.3 18 19 19.5 21 20 20 19.5 19.4 19 18.6 18.3 18.1 18 17.6 14.5 10 8.3 7 7 6.5 6 5.4 5 4 Rate 10 Q (L/min) 0.123 0.187 0.470 0.887 2.201 3.050 3.270 3.467 3.756 3.903 4.358 4.053 4.053 3.903 3.874 3.756 3.639 3.553 3.496 3.467 3.354 2.524 1.475 1.131 0.887 0.887 0.799 0.712 0.613 0.548 0.395 Time 5.000 dQV 0 0.077 0.164 0.339 0.772 1.313 1.580 1.684 1.806 1.915 2.065 2.103 2.027 1.989 1.944 1.907 1.849 1.798 1.762 1.741 1.705 1.469 1.000 0.651 0.504 0.444 0.421 0.378 0.331 0.290 0.236 Moisture 80 QV 0 0.077 0.242 0.581 1.353 2.666 4.246 5.930 7.736 9.651 11.716 13.819 15.845 17.834 19.779 21.686 23.535 25.333 27.095 28.836 30.541 32.011 33.010 33.662 34.166 34.610 35.031 35.409 35.740 36.030 36.266 C 0.725327 dS 0 4.923 4.836 4.661 4.228 3.687 3.420 3.316 3.194 3.085 2.935 -2.103 -2.027 -1.989 -1.944 -1.907 -1.849 -1.798 -1.762 -1.741 -1.705 -1.469 -1.000 -0.651 -0.504 -0.444 -0.421 -0.378 -0.331 -0.290 -0.236 Average 13.734

Group 1 2 3 4

Rate 10 10 10 10

Time 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000

Moisture 20 60 80 40

C Average 0.735387 13.231 0.958187 2.091 0.980128 0.994 0.725327 13.734

12.0

Hydrograph - Varying Moisture

10.0

Flow Rate (L/min)

8.0 20mm 60mm 80mm 40mm

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0 0 2 4 6 8 Time (min) 10 12 14 16

Data Analysis: Based on data tabulated with computed values of C (coefficient of runoff = runoff/rainfall) it can be observed that a higher moisture content of the catchment will results to a higher value of C. This is analytically and practically true since higher moisture would cause more water to pass through the catchment because of a higher presence of water (moisture content) that is already present in the catchment. It is also noted that computed values of C are lower than 1, knowing that C= runoff/rainfall, it can be concluded that not all of the rainfall were thrown out or runoff the weir. Hydrograph shows that flow rate of runoff peak at around 5min which is just after the rainfall time. It could also be noticed that for trial 60mm and 80mm, a steep change in slope or a spike can be observed starting from 4min. The reason for the spike could be the overflowing of runoff water; the overflowing occurs when there is not enough storage or capacity for water on the catchment area (or in other words the catchment could be fully saturated) which just diverts the overflown water directly to the weir. It is also observed that the overflown water occurs earlier and overflown water is greater when there is an increase in Moisture content. Conclusion: The experiment was to learn the effect of Moisture Content to soil. The experiment was mainly to observe the effect of varying moisture content mainly to the C (coefficient of runoff). Coefficient of runoff is a very important parameter of the soil or generally the property of the catchment. Coefficient of runoff is mainly used to determine and correct the expected volume of runoff due to a rainfall. It is very useful when we are talking about Watersheds and Reservoirs, engineers determines the coefficient of runoffs over areas of the Watershed for them to be able to estimate runoff or expected rise of volume in reservoirs. This would avoid shortages knowing that coefficient of runoff values are less than 1 which would mean that they should not expect the exact volume of the rainfall to runoff to the watershed. It is also concluded that Moisture content really affects C (coefficient of runoff). Based on my data analysis, it can be observed that higher moisture content would lead to a higher value of coefficient of runoff. It is also noted that there is a significant difference in coefficient of runoff between moisture content of 20mm(0.735387) and 80mm(0.980128). This would signify that recording and taking note of moisture content is very important when it comes to a controlled and accurately performed study. Recommendation: I recommend that we should rebuild the calibration curve again. We should focus on values of head reading of 0-25 since most of our values fall within that range. Our current calibration curve focused only on values 15-60 which greatly affected our hydrographs and shows inconsistency especially for head values lower than 15. I also recommend that a digital flow meter should be used to accurately measure the flow to the system. It would also be better if we can set a desired flow digitally (push button as they say).