DATN Full

PHIU GIAO NHIM V N TT NGHIP
1. Thng tin v sinh vin H v tn sinh vin: Mnh H in thoi lin lc 0904121087 Email: xoan_lyk1@yahoo.com Lp: MTT K50 H o to: i hc n tt nghip c thc hin ti: Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni Thi gian lm ATN: T ngy 21 / 12 /2009 n 29 / 5 /2010 2. Mc ch ni dung ca ATN n c thc hin vi mc tiu hiu c mt cch tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng 3G, nm vng m hnh trin khai dch v LBS cng nh xy dng mt ng dng hon chnh trn di ng s dng J2ME 3. Cc nhim v c th ca ATN Tm hiu l thuyt v h thng thng tin di ng 3G. Tm hiu v LBS v m hnh trin khai trong thc t. Tm hiu v cng ngh J2ME pht trin ng dng di ng. Xy dng ng dng bn trn di ng.m bo cc bc ca trong xy dng ng dng: phn tch, thit k, ci t th nghim, nh gi. 4. Li cam oan ca sinh vin: Ti Mnh H - cam kt ATN l cng trnh nghin cu ca bn thn ti di s hng dn ca TS. Phm Huy Hong. Cc kt qu nu trong ATN l trung thc, khng phi l sao chp ton vn ca bt k cng trnh no khc. H Ni, ngy thng nm Tc gi ATN
Mnh H 5. Xc nhn ca gio vin hng dn v mc hon thnh ca ATN v cho php bo v: H Ni, ngy thng nm Gio vin hng dn
TS. Phm Huy Hong
Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT
TM TT NI DUNG N TT NGHIP
n tt nghip : Nghin cu, thit k, xy dng h thng dch v da trn v tr (Location based service ) trong mng 3G : M un xy dng ng dng bn trn di ng s dng J2ME . Ni dung chnh ca n l trnh by l thuyt tng quan v mng 3G, cc dch v da trn v tr v nghin cu cng ngh J2ME xy dng ng dng bn trn di ng mt m un trong h thng dch v da trn v tr. n gm c 4 chng vi ni dung tm tt tng chng nh sau : Chng 1 : Tng quan v 3G Trnh by nhng khi nim c bn v 3G, h thng thng tin di ng ton cu cho nm 2000 (IMT-2000), qu trnh pht trin ln 3G v cc tiu chun cng ngh. Chng 2 : Location based service Trnh by cc khi nim v Locaiton based service(LBS), cc loi ng dng LBS, thnh phn v m hnh hot ng ca h thng LBS . Chng 3 : Cng ngh J2ME Gii thiu v J2ME, thnh phn v kin trc ca J2ME, trnh by v MIDP v cc lp th vin xy dng ng dng MIDL. Chng 4 : Xy dng ng dng Location based service Trnh by m hnh tng quan h thng,cc bc xy dng ng dng bn trn di ng : phn tch, thit k, ci t v nh gi kt qu.
LI CM N
Trc khi trnh by ni dung ca n, em xin dnh nhng dng u tin gi li cm n chn thnh n : TS.Phm Huy Hong Ging vin hng dn ca n tn tnh hng dn v to mi iu kin gip em trong thi gian thc tp v thc hin n tt nghip. B mn Truyn thng v Mng my tnh , vin Cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng, i hc Bch Khoa H Ni hng dn v gip em hon thnh n. Nhm thc tp v n tt nghip do TS.Phm Huy Hong hng dn. Sinh vin thc hin Mnh H
MC LC
Li ni u .................................................................................................................. 1 Chng 1: Tng quan v 3G ....................................................................................... 3 1.1. Cng ngh 3G H thng IMT - 2000 ............................................................ 3 1.1.1. 3G l g ? .................................................................................................... 3 1.1.2. H thng IMT-2000: .................................................................................. 5 1.2. Qu trnh pht trin ca 3G .............................................................................. 8 1.2.2. L trnh pht trin ln 4G ......................................................................... 13 1.3. Cc tiu chun cng ngh ca 3G................................................................... 14 1.3.1. IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread ............................................................. 15 1.3.2. IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier .............................................................. 16 1.3.3. IMT-2000 CDMA TDD ........................................................................... 17 1.3.4. IMT-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier ............................................................. 17 1.3.5. IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA ........................................................................ 18 1.3.6. IMT-2000 OFDMA TDD WMAN .......................................................... 18 Chng 2: Location based service ............................................................................ 19 2.1.Th no l LBS ............................................................................................... 20 2.1.1. Mi quan h gia GIS v LBS ................................................................ 20 2.1.2. Thnh phn ca LBS ................................................................................ 20 2.1.3. Push Pull services .................................................................................. 21 2.2. ng dng ca LBS ........................................................................................ 22 2.2.1.Yu cu ca ngi dng ............................................................................ 22 2.2.2. V d v LBS ............................................................................................ 23 2.3. M hnh hot ng ca LBS .......................................................................... 25 2.4. Cc phng php xc nh v tr v chnh xc .......................................... 27 2.4.1. Cell - ID (Cell site Identification) ............................................................ 27 2.4.2. E-OTD (Enhanced Observed Time Difference)....................................... 29 2.4.3. A-GPS (Assisted GPS) ............................................................................. 30 2.4.4. Cc phng php kt hp ......................................................................... 31 2.5. Nhng yu cu ca mt h thng LBS .......................................................... 34
Chng 3: Cng ngh J2ME ..................................................................................... 35 3.1. Gii thiu v J2ME ......................................................................................... 35 3.1.1. Lch s ...................................................................................................... 35 3.1.2. L do chn J2ME ..................................................................................... 35 3.1.3. Kin trc ca J2ME .................................................................................. 35 3.1.4. Gii thiu MIDP ....................................................................................... 38 3.2. Cc thnh phn giao din mc cao ca ng dng MIDP ............................ 41 3.2.1. i tng Display, Displayable v Screens ............................................. 41 3.2.2. Thnh phn Form v Items ....................................................................... 42 3.2.3. Thnh phn List, Textbox, Alert, v Ticker ............................................. 44 3.3. Cc thnh phn giao din mc thp ca ng dng MIDP ........................... 45 3.3.1. Cc hm API mc thp ......................................................................... 45 3.3.2. Lp Canvas ............................................................................................... 45 3.3.3. Lp Graphics ............................................................................................ 48 3.4. X l s kin................................................................................................... 50 3.4.1. i tng Command ................................................................................ 50 3.4.2. i tng Item ......................................................................................... 51 3.5. Record Management System .......................................................................... 52 3.5.1. Lu tr n nh thng qua RecorsStore ................................................... 52 3.5.2. Cc vn lin quan n RMS ................................................................ 54 3.6. Nn tng kt ni chung ................................................................................... 54 3.6.1. Nhng protocol c h tr trong GCF ................................................... 55 3.6.2. H tr giao thc HTTP trong MIDP ........................................................ 55 Chng 4: Xy dng ng dng Location based service ........................................... 57 4.1.Tng quan h thng ......................................................................................... 57 4.2. Phn tch ......................................................................................................... 58 4.2.1. Chc nng ca ng dng .......................................................................... 58 4.2.2. M hnh ha ca s dng .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2.3. M hnh ha cu trc ................................................................................ 61 4.3.Thit k ............................................................................................................ 64 4.3.1.Thit k giao din ...................................................................................... 64 4.3.2.Thit k lp ............................................................................................... 67 4.4.Ci t v thc nghim .................................................................................... 69
4.4.1. Ci t....................................................................................................... 69 4.4.2.Kt qu thc nghim ................................................................................. 72 4.4.3.nh gi chng trnh .............................................................................. 77 Kt lun ..................................................................................................................... 78
DANH MC CC HNH
Hnh 1.1 : H thng IMT- 2000 .................................................................................. 6 Hnh 1.2: Qu trnh pht trin ca cc h thng thng tin di ng ......................... 10 Hnh1.3: Qu trnh pht trin 3G theo hng W-CDMA ......................................... 11 Hnh1. 4: Qu trnh pht trin 3G theo hng cdma2000 ........................................ 11 Hnh 1.5 : L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G .................... 13 Hnh 1.6: Lch trnh nghin cu pht trin trong 3GPP ............................................ 14 Hnh 1.7: L trnh tng tc truyn s liu trong cc pht hnh ca 3GPP........... 14 Hnh 2.1: Cng ngh trong h thng LBS ................................................................ 19 Hnh 2.2 : Cc thnh phn ca h thng LBS ........................................................... 21 Hnh 2.3: Nhng yu cu ngi dng lin quan n v tr a l ............................. 22 Hnh 2.4 : Cc ng dng LBS ................................................................................... 23 Hnh 2.5: V d v dch v khn cp LBS ............................................................. 24 Hnh 2.6 : V d v dch v dn ng LBS ......................................................... 24 Hnh 2.7 : V d v dch v thng tin - LBS ............................................................. 25 Hnh 2.8 : M hnh hot ng ca LBS .................................................................... 26 Hnh 2.9 : Hai loi phng php xc nh v tr ....................................................... 27 Hnh 2.10 :Cell-ID kt hp vi Cell-sector hoc TA ................................................ 28 Hnh 2.11. Nguyn l hot ng ca E-OTD ........................................................... 29 Hnh 2.12. Nguyn l hot ng ca A-GPS ............................................................ 30 Hnh 2.13 : Cc phng php xc nh v tr ............................................................ 33 Hnh 3.1 : Lch s J2ME ........................................................................................... 35 Hnh 3.2 : Kin trc tng qut ca J2ME ................................................................. 36 Hnh 3.3 : Cc thit b v nn tng Java.................................................................... 37 Hnh 3.4 : Cc loi profile tiu biu .......................................................................... 38 Hnh 3.5: Vng i ca mt MIDP ........................................................................... 40 Hnh 3.6 : Cy tha k lp Display........................................................................... 41 Hnh 3.7 : Cy tha k cc thnh phn th hin ....................................................... 41 Hnh 3.8 : Cy tha k cc thnh phn th hin hon chnh ..................................... 44 Hnh 3.9 : Canvas trong thit b di ng. .................................................................. 46 Hnh 3.10 : M hnh s dng Record Store ca cc Midlet...................................... 53 Hnh 3.11 : Mi quan h gia cc giao din kt ni trong J2ME ............................. 55
Hnh 3.12: S quan h cc giao din kt ni vi HTTP ...................................... 56 Hnh 4.1 : S tng quan h thng th nghim LBS ............................................. 58 Hnh 4.2 : Biu phn r chc nng ca h thng ................................................. 59 Hnh 4.3 : S ca s dng Thao tc vi bn ................................................. 60 Hnh 4.4 : S ca s dng Xc nh v tr ngi dng ....................................... 60 Hnh 4.5 : S ca s dng Tm kim .................................................................. 61 Hnh 4.6 : S cc lp tham gia ca s dng Thao tc vi bn ..................... 62 Hnh 4.7 : S cc lp tham gia ca s dng Xc nh v tr ngi dng .......... 63 Hnh 4.8 : S cc lp tham gia ca s dng Tm kim ..................................... 64 Hnh 4.9 : Thit k giao din chnh chng trnh ..................................................... 65 Hnh 4.10 : Thit k giao din chc nng di chuyn ................................................ 65 Hnh 4.11: Thit k giao din chc nng tm kim ................................................... 66 Hnh 4.12: Thit k giao din chc nng xc nh v tr ngi dng ....................... 66 Hnh 4.13 : Thit k lp Mapper ............................................................................... 67 Hnh 4.14 : Thit k lp MapScreen ......................................................................... 67 Hnh 4.15 : S k tha cc lp giao din chc nng............................................ 68 Hnh 4.16 : Thit k lp MapComponent ................................................................. 69 Hnh 4.17 : Cc bc s dng th vin MGMaps Lib SDK .................................... 71 Hnh 4.18 : Mn hnh khi ng v giao din chnh ca chng trnh. ................... 73 Hnh 4.19: Danh sch cc chc nng ca chng trnh di dng Menu. ............... 74 Hnh 4.20 : Giao din chc nng di chuyn bn .................................................. 74 Hnh 4.21: Giao din chc nng tm kim v tr gn ngi dng ............................. 75 Hnh 4.22: Kt qu tm kim ..................................................................................... 75 Hnh 4.23: Giao din tm kim a im da theo tn v kt qu ............................ 76 Hnh 4.24: Giao din thay i d liu bn v con tr bn .............................. 76
DANH MC CC BNG
Bng 1.1 : Phn loi cc dch v ca IMT - 2000 ....................................................... 8 Bng 1. 2: Cc h thng thng tin di ng................................................................ 10 Bng 2.1 :Nhng c tnh ca phng php cell-ID ................................................ 28 Bng 2.2 :Cc c tnh ca phng php E-OTD .................................................... 30 Bng 2.3 : Cc c tnh ca phng php A-GPS .................................................... 31 Bng 2.4 : Cc c tnh ca phng php kt hp ................................................... 32 Bng 2.5 : Tng kt cc phng php xc nh v tr ............................................... 33 Bng 3.1 : Bng so snh cc thng s k thut ca CDC v CLDC ........................ 37 Bng 3.1 : Bng lu d liu trong RSM ................................................................... 52
CC THUT NG VIT TT
Vit tt 2G 3G 3GPP SMS GPRS LBS IMT UTMS GPS CDMA GSM TDMA
Ting Anh 2nd Generation 3rd Generation Third Generation Partnership Project Short Message Service General Packet Radio Service Location Based Service International Mobile Telecommunications Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Global Position System Code Division Multi Access Global System for Mobile Communications Time Division Multi Access
Ting Vit H thng thng tin di ng th h 2 H thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 D n hi nhp th h 3 Dch v tin nhn Dch v v tuyn gi chung Dch v da trn v tr H thng Thng tin Di ng Ton H thng Vin thng Di dng Ton cu H thng nh v ton cu a truy nhp phn chia theo m H thng thng tin di ng ton cu a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian a truy nhp bng rng phn chia theo m Trm thu pht sng Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng
W-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple BTS MSC Access Base transceiver station Mobile Switching Service Center
Li ni u
Ngy nay, cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, m c bit l s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin v vin thng, cc dch v thng tin di ng cng c nhng bc pht trin vt bc v c s lng v cht lng.Phm vi ph sng ngy cng m rng, con ngi c th lin lc vi nhau bt c u, khong cch gia mi ngi dng nh ngy cng ngn li. Nu nh trc kia, vi s ra i ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai (2G) nh du bc ngot ln trong s pht trin ca thng tin di ng, khi m bn cnh vic trao i thng tin qua i thoi , h thng cn cho php truyn thng tin di dng tin nhn (SMS).Hn th na, khi GPRS ra i, h thng di ng cn cho php chuyn cc gi tin d liu, v nhiu dch v cung cp d liu cng ra i p ng nh cu ca ngi dng.Tuy nhin, do hn ch v mt k thut ,nn tc cng nh dung lng d liu truyn b hn ch, khng th p ng c nh cu ngy cng cao ca ngi dng.Do yu cu t ra l phi c mt h thng di ng c th truyn c d liu ln vi tc cao. H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba (3G) ra i gii quyt c nhng hn ch cng nh thiu st ca 2G.Bn cnh truyn thoi, h thng 3G cn cho php truyn d liu tc cao.Do , h thng 3G c th cung cp cc dch v a phng tin trn di ng, nh truyn m thanh, hnh nh, truy cp internet tc cao, video call tht s l mt bc pht trin rt ln ca thng tin di ng. Vit Nam hin nay, cc nh cung cp cng bt u trin khai h thng 3G.V 3G ang dnh c s quan tm rt ln, khng ch t pha ngi dng di ng, m cn t pha nhng ngi pht trin dch v trn di ng.Vi nhng c im ni tri ca mnh, h thng 3G ha hn s cung cp nhng iu kin thun li nht pht trin cc ng dng di ng, cng nh s thu ht c s lng ngi dng ng o nht. Trong s rt nhiu cc dch v di ng v ang c trin khai trn thc t, cc dch v lin quan n vic xc nh v tr, cung cp thng tin a l l nhng dch v ph bin, thu ht c ng o ngi s dng.Nhng dch v c gi l nhng dch v da trn a l ( Location Based Service - LBS).Nhng dch v ny mang li cho ngi dng s tin li,h c th tm kim thng tin, a im ngay gn h nht ch vi thit b di ng. Trong hon cnh Vit Nam va mi trin khai h thng 3G, nhn thy c kh nng pht trin cng nh kh nng trin khai trong thc t ca cc dch v LBS, em tm hiu v cc dch v LBS cng nh m hnh trin khai h thng .Mt h thng dch v LBS gm nhiu thnh phn, mi thnh phn c vai tr v chc nng ring.Trong , mt thnh phn khng th thiu, ng vai tr tng tc trc tip vi
Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT 1
ngi dng, l xy dng ng dng trn di ng.Do chn ti : Nghin cu, thit k, xy dng h thng dch v da trn v tr ( Location based service ) trong mng 3G - Modun : Xy dng ng dng bn trn di ng s dng J2ME. n c thc hin vi mc tiu hiu c mt cch tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng 3G, nm vng m hnh trin khai dch v LBS cng nh xy dng mt ng dng hon chnh trn di ng s dng J2ME. Vi nhng mc tiu ra, c th xc nh c nhng nhim v c th m n cn thc hin : Tm hiu l thuyt v h thng thng tin di ng 3G. Tm hiu v LBS v m hnh trin khai trong thc t. Tm hiu v cng ngh J2ME pht trin ng dng di ng. Xy dng ng dng bn trn di ng.m bo cc bc ca trong xy dng ng dng: phn tch, thit k, ci t th nghim, nh gi.
Chng 1
Tng quan v 3G
S pht trin nhanh chng ca dch v s liu m IP t ra cc yu mi i vi cng ngh vin thng di ng. Thng tin di ng th h 2 mc d s dng cng ngh s nhng l h thng bng hp v c xy dng trn c ch chuyn mch knh nn khng th p ng c dch v mi ny. 3G (third-generation) cng ngh truyn thng th h th ba l giai on mi nht trong s tin ha ca ngnh vin thng di ng. Nu 1G (the first gerneration) ca in thoi di ng l nhng thit b analog, ch c kh nng truyn thoi. 2G (the second generation) ca TD gm c hai cng nng truyn thoi v d liu gii hn da trn k thut s. Trong bi cnh ITU a ra n tiu chun ha h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 vi tn gi IMT 2000. IMT 2000 m rng ng k kh nng cung cp dch v v cho php s dng nhiu phng tin thng tin. Mc ch ca IMT 2000 l a ra nhiu kh nng mi nhng cng ng thi m bo s pht trin lin tc ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai (2G) vo nhng nm 2000. 3G mang li cho ngi dng cc dch v gi tr gia tng cao cp, gip chng ta thc hin truyn thng thoi v d liu (nh e-mail v tin nhn dng vn bn), download m thanh v hnh nh vi bng tn cao. Cc ng dng 3G thng dng gm hi ngh video di ng; chp v gi nh k thut s nh in thoi my nh; gi v nhn e-mail v file nh km dung lng ln; ti tp tin video v MP3; thay cho modem kt ni n my tnh xch tay hay PDA v nhn tin dng ch vi cht lng cao
1.1. Cng ngh 3G H thng IMT - 2000

1.1.1. 3G l g ? 3G l thut ng dng ch cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 (Third Generation). c rt nhiu ngi nhm ln mt cch v hoc hu gia hai khi nim 3G v UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems). Mng 3G (Third-generation technology) l th h th ba ca chun cng ngh in thoi di ng, cho php truyn c d liu thoi v d liu ngoi thoi (ti d liu, gi email, tin nhn nhanh, hnh nh...). 3G cung cp c hai h thng l chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh. H thng 3G yu cu mt mng truy cp radio hon ton khc so vi h thng 2G hin nay. im mnh ca cng ngh ny so vi cng ngh 2G v 2.5G l cho php truyn, nhn cc d liu, m thanh, hnh nh cht lng cao cho c thu bao c nh v thu bao ang di chuyn cc tc khc nhau. Vi cng ngh 3G, cc nh cung cp c th mang n cho khch hng cc dch v a phng tin, nh m nhc cht lng cao; hnh nh video cht lng
v truyn hnh s; Cc dch v nh v ton cu (GPS); E-mail;video streaming; High-ends games;... Quc gia u tin a mng 3G vo s dng rng ri l Nht Bn. Vo nm 2001, NTT Docomo l cng ty u tin ra mt phin bn thng mi ca mng WCDMA. Nm 2003 dch v 3G bt u c mt ti chu u. Ti chu Phi, mng 3G c gii thiu u tin Marc vo cui thng 3 nm 2007 bi Cng ty Wana. hiu th no l cng ngh 3G, hy xt qua i nt v lch s pht trin ca cc h thng in thoi di ng. Mc d cc h thng thng tin di ng th nghim u tin c s dng vo nhng nm 1930 - 1940 trong trong cc s cnh st Hoa K nhng cc h thng in thoi di ng thng mi thc s ch ra i vo khong cui nhng nm 1970 u nhng nm 1980. Cc h thng in thoi th h u s dng cng ngh tng t v ngi ta gi cc h thng in thoi k trn l cc h thng 1G. Khi s lng cc thu bao trong mng tng ln, ngi ta thy cn phi c bin php nng cao dung lng ca mng, cht lng cc cuc m thoi cng nh cung cp thm mt s dch v b sung cho mng. gii quyt vn ny ngi ta ngh n vic s ho cc h thng in thoi di ng, v iu ny dn ti s ra i ca cc h thng in thoi di ng th h 2. chu u, vo nm 1982 t chc cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng chu u (CEPT Confrence Europene de Postes et Telcommunications) thng nht thnh lp mt nhm nghin cu c bit gi l Groupe Spciale Mobile (GSM) c nhim v xy dng b cc ch tiu k thut cho mng in thoi di ng ton chu u hot ng di tn 900 MHz. Nhm nghin cu xem xt nhiu gii php khc nhau v cui cng i n thng nht s dng k thut a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng hp (Narrow Band TDMA). Nm 1988 phin bn d tho u tin ca GSM c hon thnh v h thng GSM u tin c trin khai vo khong nm 1991. K t khi ra i, cc h thng thng tin di ng GSM pht trin vi mt tc ht sc nhanh chng, c mt 140 quc gia v c s thu bao ln ti gn 1 t. Lc ny thut ng GSM c mt ngha mi l H thng thng tin di ng ton cu (Global System Mobile). Cng trong thi gian k trn, M cc h thng in thoi tng t th h th nht AMPS c pht trin thnh cc h thng in thoi di ng s th h 2 tun th tiu chun ca hip hi vin thng M IS-136. Khi cng ngh CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access IS-95) ra i, cc nh cung cp dch v in thoi di ng M cung cp dch v mode song song, cho php thu bao c th truy cp vo c hai mng IS-136 v IS-95. Do nhn thc r v tm quan trng ca cc h thng thng tin di ng m Chu u, ngay khi qu trnh tiu chun ho GSM cha kt thc ngi ta tin hnh d n nghin cu RACE 1043 vi mc ch chnh l xc nh cc dch v v cng ngh cho h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 cho nm 2000. H thng 3G
ca chu u c gi l UMTS. Nhng ngi thc hin d n mong mun rng h thng UMTS trong tng lai s c pht trin t cc h thng GSM hin ti. Ngoi ra ngi ta cn c mt mong mun rt ln l h thng UMTS s c kh nng kt hp nhiu mng khc nhau nh PMR, MSS, WLAN thnh mt mng thng nht c kh nng h tr cc dch v s liu tc cao v quan trng hn y s l mt mng hng dch v. Song song vi chu u, Lin minh Vin thng Quc t (ITU International Telecommunications Union) cng thnh lp mt nhm nghin cu nghin cu v cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 3, nhm nghin cu TG8/1. Nhm nghin cu t tn cho h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 ca mnh l H thng Thng tin Di ng Mt t Tng lai (FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System). Sau ny, nhm nghin cu i tn h thng thng tin di ng ca mnh thnh H thng Thng tin Di ng Ton cu cho nm 2000 (IMT2000 International Mobile Telecommunications for the year 2000). ng nhin l cc nh pht trin UMTS (chu u) mong mun ITU chp nhn h thng chp nhn ton b nhng xut ca mnh v s dng h thng UMTS lm c s cho h thng IMT-2000. 1.1.2. H thng IMT-2000: IMT-2000 cung cp h tng k thut cho cc dch v gia tng v cc ng dng trn mt chun duy nht cho mng thng tin di ng : - S dng di tn quy nh quc t 2GHz nh sau: ung ln: 1885 2025 MHz; ng xung: 2110 -2200 MHz. IMT-2000 h tr tc ng truyn cao hn: tc ti thiu l 2Mbps cho ngi dng vn phng hoc i b; 348Kbps khi di chuyn trn xe. Trong khi , h thng vin thng 2G ch c tc t 9,6Kbps ti 28,8Kbps. - L h thng thng tin di ng ton cu cho cc loi hnh thng tin v tuyn: Tch hp cc mng thng tin hu tuyn v v tuyn. Tng tc cho mi loi dch v vin thng t c nh, di ng, thoi, d liu, Internet n cc dch v a phng tin.
Hnh 1.1 : H thng IMT- 2000 - C th h tr cc dch v nh: Cc phng tin ti nh o trn c s mng thng minh, di ng cc nhn v chuyn mng ton cu. m bo chuyn mng quc t cho php ngi dng c th di chuyn n bt k quc gia no cng c th s dng mt s in thoi duy nht. m bo cc dch v a phng tin ng thi cho ting, s liu chuyn mch knh v s liu chuyn mch gi. - D dng h tr cc dch v mi xut hin. Mi trng hot ng ca IMT 2000 c chia thnh 4 vng vi tc bit R nh sau: Vng 1: Trong nh, pico, Rb 2 Mbit/s Vng 2: thnh ph, macr, R b 384 kbit/s Vng 2: ngoi , macr, Rb 144 kbit/s Vng 4: ton cu, Rb = 9,6 kbit/s. IMT-2000 c nhng c im chnh: Tnh linh hot Vi s lng ln cc v sp nhp v hp nht trong ngnh cng nghip in thoi di ng v kh nng a dch v ra th trng ngoi nc, nh khai thc khng mun phi h tr giao din v cng ngh khc. iu ny chc chn s cn tr s pht trin ca 3G trn ton th gii. IMT-2000 h tr vn ny, bng cch cung cp h thng c tnh linh hot cao, c kh nng h tr hng lot cc dch v v ng dng cao cp. IMT-2000 hp nht 5 k thut (IMT-DS, IMT-MC, TMT-TC, IMTSC, IMT-FT) v giao tip sng da trn ba cng ngh truy cp khc nhau (FDMA Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT 6
a truy cp phn chia theo tn s, TDMA - a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian v CDMA - a truy cp phn chia theo m). Dch v gia tng trn ton th gii v pht trin ng dng trn tiu chun duy nht vi 5 k thut v 3 cng ngh. Tnh kinh t S hp nht gia cc ngnh cng nghip 3G l bc quan trng quyt nh gia tng s lng ngi dng v cc nh khai thc. . Tnh tng thch Cc dch v trn IMT-2000 c kh nng tng thch vi cc h thng hin c. Chng hn, mng 2G chun GSM s tip tc tn ti mt thi gian na v kh nng tng thch vi cc h thng ny phi c m bo hiu qu v lin mch qua cc bc chuyn. Thit k theo modul Chin lc ca IMT-2000 l phi c kh nng m rng d dng pht trin s lng ngi dng, vng ph sng, dch v mi vi khon u t ban u thp nht.
Kiu Phn loi Dch v di Dch v di ng ng Dch v thng tin nh v Dch v m thanh
Dch v vin thng
Dch v s liu
Dch v a phng tin
Dch v Internet
Dch v Internet n gin Dch v Internet Dch v Internet (384 kbps-2Mbps) thi gian thc Dch v internet Dch v Website a phng tin thi gian thc
Dch v chi tit Di ng u cui/di ng c nhn/di ng dch v - Theo di di ng/ theo di di ng thng minh - Dch v m thanh cht lng cao (16-64 kbps) - Dch v truyn thanh AM (32-64 kbps) - Dch v truyn thanh FM (64-384 kbps) - Dch v s liu tc trung bnh (64-144 kbps) - Dch v s liu tc tng i cao (144 kbps- 2Mbps) - Dch v s liu tc cao ( 2Mbps) - Dch v Video (384 kbps) - Dch v hnh chuyn ng (384kbps- 2 Mbps) - Dch v hnh chuyn ng thi gian thc ( 2 Mbps) Dch v truy nhp Web (384 kbps-2Mbps)
Kiu
Phn loi a phng tin
Dch v chi tit ( 2Mbps)
Bng 1.1 : Phn loi cc dch v ca IMT - 2000
1.2. Qu trnh pht trin ca 3G

1.2.1. H thng thng tin di dng trc 3G Thng tin di ng c ng dng cho nghip v cnh st t nhng nm 20 bng tn 2 MHz. Sau th chin th 2 mi xut hin thng tin di ng in thoi dn dng (1939- 1945) vi k thut FM bng 150 MHz. Nm 1948, mt h thng thng tin di ng hon ton t ng u tin ra i Richmond Indian. T nhng nm 60, knh thng tin di ng c di tn 30 KHz vi k thut FM bng tn 450 Mhz a ra hiu sut s dng ph tn tng gp 4 ln so vi cui th chin th 2. Quan nim v Cellular bt u t cui nhng nm 40 vi Bell thay th cho m hnh qung b vi my pht cng sut ln v anten t cao, l nhng cell c din tch b c my pht BTS cng sut nh, khi cc cell cch nhau xa th c th s dng li tn s. Thng 12.1971 a ra h thng cellular k thut tng t, s dng phng php iu tn FM, di tn 850 MHz. Tng ng l sn phm thng nghip AMPS vi tiu chun do AT v MOTOROLAR ca M xut s dng vo nm 1983. u nhng nm 90 th h u tin ca thng tin di ng t bo bao gm hng lot cc h thng cc nc khc nhau nh: TACS, NMTS, NAMTS, C, Tuy nhin cc h thng ny khng tho mn c nhu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi s dng m trc ht l v mt dung lng. Mt khc cc tiu chun h thng khng tng thch nhau lm cho s chuyn giao khng rng nh mong mun, vic lin lc ngoi bin gii l khng th. Nhng vn trn t ra cho th h 2 thng tin di ng t bo phi la chn gii php k thut: k thut tng t hay k thut s. Cc t chc tiu chun ho a s u la chn k thut s.Trc ht k thut s m bo cht lng cao hn trong mi trng nhiu mnh v kh nng tim tng mt dung lng ln hn. H thng thng tin di ng t bo th h th 2 c 3 tiu chun chnh: GMS, IS54 (bao gm c tiu chun AMPS), JDC.Tuy nhin cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th 2 cng tn ti mt s nhc im nh sau: rng thng bng tn ca h thng b hn ch nn vic ng dng cc dch v d liu b hn ch, khng th p ng c cc nhu cu pht trin cho cc dch v thng tin di ng a phng tin cho tng lai, ng thi tiu chun cho c h thng th h 2 l khng thng nht do M v Nht s dng TDMA bng hp cn chu u s dng TDMA bng rng nhng c 2 h thng ny c th coi nh l s t hp ca FDMA v TDMA v ngi s dng thc t u c n nh c v tn s v cc khe thi gian
trong bng tn. Do vic thc hin chuyn mng ton cu gp phi nhiu kh khn. Bt u t nhng nm cui ca thp nin 90 h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 ra i bng k thut a truy nhp CDMA v TDMA ci tin. L thuyt v CDMA c xy dng t nhng nm 1950 v c p dng trong thng tin qun s t nhng nm 1960. Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh bn dn v l thuyt thng tin trong nhng nm 1980, CDMA c thng mi ho t phng php thu GPRS v Ommi Tracks, phng php ny c xut trong h thng t ong ca QUALCOM - M vo nm 1990. Trong thng tin CDMA th nhiu ngi s dng chung thi gian v tn s, m tp m gi ngu nhin PN vi s tng quan cho thp c n nh cho mi ngi s dng. Ngi s dng truyn tn hiu nh tri ph tn hiu truyn c s dng m PN n nh. u thu to ra dy m gi ngu nhin nh my pht v khi phc li tn hiu d nh nh vic tri ph ngc cc tn hiu ng b thu c. So vi 2 h thng thng tin di ng th nht v th 2 th h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 l h thng a dch v v a phng tin c ph khp ton cu. Mt trong nhng c im ca n l c th chuyn mng, hot ng mi lc mi ni. iu c ngha l mi thu bao di ng u c gn mt m s v nhn dng thng tin c nhn, khi my bt c ni no, quc gia no trn th gii u c th nh v c v tr chnh xc ca thu bao. Ngoi ra h thng thng tin di ng th h 3 cn l mt h thng a dch v, thu bao c th thc hin cc dch v thng tin d liu cao v thng tin a phng tin bng rng nh: hp thoi, truyn Fax, truyn d liu, chuyn vng quc t, WAP (giao thc ng dng khng dy) truy cp vo mng internet, c bo ch, tra cu thng tin, hnh nh Do c im bng tn rng nn h thng thng tin di ng th h 3 cn c th cung cp cc dch v truyn hnh nh, m thanh, cung cp cc dch v in thoi thy hnh Th h thng H thng tin di ng Th h 1(1G) AMPS,TACS,NMT Th h 2(2G) GSM,IS-36,IS-95 Cc dch v Thoi Ch thch
Th h 2,5G
GPRS,EDGE, CDMA 1x
FDMA, Tng t Thoi, SMS TDMA, CDMA s bng hp(8 13kbps) Thoi, dch v s TDMA,CDMA liu gi tc m cao hn
Th h 3G
CDMA 2000, W-CDMA
Thoi v s liu gi S dng CDMA c thit k a phng tin truyn ting v s liu a phng tin
Bng1. 2: Cc h thng thng tin di ng
1G
2G
2.5G GG
3G
Hnh 1.2: Qu trnh pht trin ca cc h thng thng tin di ng Trong tin trnh pht trin ln 3G ni ln hai hng pht trin theo hai tiu chun chnh c ITU-T cng nhn l CDMA 2000 v W-CDMA. Hng pht trin theo W-CDMA : - Trin khai trn nn GSM v GPRS sn c.Qu trnh pht trin theo hng W-CDMA c th tm tt trong s sau :
10
Hnh1.3: Qu trnh pht trin 3G theo hng W-CDMA Hng pht trin theo CDMA 2000:
Hnh1. 4: Qu trnh pht trin 3G theo hng cdma2000 Mc d mng cdma One (IS-95) khng phi l cc mng u tin cung cp truy nhp s liu, nhng y l cc mng c thit k duy nht truyn s liu . Trc ht chng x l truyn dn s liu v ting theo cch rt ging nhau. kh nng truyn dn tc thay i c sn trong cdmaOne cho php quyt nh lng thng tin cn pht, v th cho php ch s dng tim nng mng theo nhu cu. V cc h thng cdmaOne s dng truyn ting ng gi trn ng trc (cc ng truyn dn t BTS n MSC), nn kh nng truyn s liu gi c sn trong thit b. Cng ngh truyn dn s liu gi ca cdmaOne s dng ngn xp giao thc s liu gi s t ong (CDPD: Cellular Digital Packet Data) ph hp vi TCP/IP. B sung truyn s liu vo mng cdma2000 s cho php nh khai thc mng tip tc s dng cc phng tin truyn dn, cc phng tin v tuyn, c s h tng v cc thit bi u cui hin c bng cch nng cp phn mm cho chc nng tng tc. Nng cp ln IS-95B cho php tng tc knh cung cp tc s liu
64 115 kbit/s v ng thi ci thin chuyn giao mm v chuyn giao cng gia cc tn s. Cc nh sn xut cng b cc kh nng s liu gi, s liu knh v fax s trn cc thit b cdmaOne ca h. Mt trong cc mc tiu quan trng ca ITU IMT 2000 l to ra cc tiu chun khuyn khch s dng mt bng tn trn ton cu nhm thc y mc cao vic nhiu ngi thit k v h tr cc dch v cao. IMT 2000 s s dng cc u cui b ti kch c nh, m rng nhiu phng tin khai thc v trin khai cu trc m cho php a ra cc cng ngh mi. Ngoi ra cc h thng 3G ha hn em li cc dch v ting v tuyn c cc mc cht lng hu tuyn ng thi vi tc v dung lng cn thit h tr a phng tin v cc ng dng tc cao. Cc dch v trn c s nh v, o hng, h tr cp bo v cc dch v tin tin khc cng s c h tr. S pht trin ca h thng 3G s m cnh ca cho mch vng thu bao v tuyn i vi PSTN v truy nhp mng s liu cng cng, ng thi m bo iu kin tin li hn cc ng dng v cc tim nng mng. N cng s m bo chuyn mng ton cu, di ng dch v, ID trn c s vng, tnh cc v truy nhp th mc ton cu. Thm ch c th hy vng cng ngh 3G cho php kt ni mng v tinh mt cch lin tc. Mt trong cc yu cu k thut ca cdma2000 l tng thch vi h thng c cdmaOne v: Cc dch v ting, cc b m ho ting, cc cu trc bo hiu v kh nng bo mt. Bng cch chuyn t cng ngh giao din v tuyn IS-95CDMA hin nay sang IS-2000 1X ca tiu chun cdma2000, cc nh khai thc t c tng dung lng v tuyn gp i v c kh nng x l s liu gi n 144 kbit/s. Cng s ra i ca cdma2000 giai on mt, cc dch v s liu cng s c ci thin. Giai on 2 cng s uc hnh thnh c cu MAC (Medium Access Control: iu khin truy nhp mi trng) v nh ngha giao thc on ni v tuyn (RLP: Radio Link Protocol) cho s liu gi h tr cc tc s liu gi t nht l 144kbit/s. Thc hin giai on 2 ca cdma2000s mang li rt nhiu cc kh nng mi v cc tng cng dch v. Giai on 2 s h tr tt c cc kch c knh (6X, 9X v 12X) c cu cho cc dch v ting, b m ho ting cho cdma2000, bao gm ting trn nn IP. Vi giai on 2 cc dch v a phng tin thc s s c cung cp v s mang li c hi thun li b sung cho cc nh khai thc. Cc dch v a phng tin s c th thc hin c thng qua MAC s liu gi, h tr y cho s liu gi, h tr y cho dch v s liu gi n 2Mb/s, RLP h tr tt c cc tc s liu n 2Mb/s v m hnh gi a phng tin tin tin. C cdma2000 giai on 1 v 2 u c th ho trn vi cdmaOne s dng hiu qu nht ph tn tu theo nhu cu ca khch hng. Chng hn mt nh khai thc c nhu cu ln v dch v s liu tc c th chn trin khai kt hp giao
on 1 cdma2000 v cdmaOne vi s dng nhiu knh hn cho cdmaOne. mt th trmg khc, ngi s dng c th cha cn nhanh chng s dng cc dch v tc s liu cao th nhiu knh hn s c dnh cho cc dch v ca cdmaOne. V cc kh nng ca cdma2000 giai on hai sn sng nn nh khai thc khc c nhiu cch la chn hn trong vic s dng ph tn h tr cc dch v mi. 1.2.2. L trnh pht trin ln 4G - L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G nh sau : + Trong khi 3GPP pht trin HSPA(High Speed Packet Data) t W-CDMA th 3GPP2( CDMA 2000) pht trin CDMA2000 1xEV-DO. + Bc tip theo , 3GPP pht trin 3G LTE cn 3GPP2 th pht trin UBM (hay cn gi l CDMA2000 Rev C). Chng u hng ti s dng MIMO tng tc truyn.
Hnh 1.5 : L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System TACS: Total Access Communication System GSM: Global System for Mobile Telecommucations WCDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access EVDO: Evolution Data Only IMT: International Mobile Telecommnications IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electtronics Engineers WiFi: Wireless Fidelitity WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access LTE: Long Term Evolution UMB: Untra Mobile Broadband
Hnh 1.6: Lch trnh nghin cu pht trin trong 3GPP
Hnh 1.7: L trnh tng tc truyn s liu trong cc pht hnh ca 3GPP
1.3. Cc tiu chun cng ngh ca 3G

Cc h thng thng tin di ng th hai gm: GSM, IS 136, IS 95 CDMA v PDC. Trong qa trnh thit k cc h thng thng tin di ng th h ba, cc h thng th h hai c cc c quan tiu chun ho ca tng vng xem xt a ra cc xut tng thch. Khuyn ngh ITU-R M.1457 a ra 6 tiu chun cng ngh cho giao din truy nhp v tuyn ca thnh phn mt t ca cc h thng IMT-2000 (tn gi mng 3G ca ITU), bao gm: IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread (tri ph trc tip), thng c bit di tn WCDMA. IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier (nhiu sng mang), y l phin bn 3G ca h thng IS-95 (hin nay gi l cdmaOne) IMT-2000 CDMA TDD IMT-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier (mt sng mang), cc h thng thuc nhm ny c pht trin t cc h thng GSM hin c ln GSM 2+ (c gi l EDGE). IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA (thi gian tn s), y l h thng cc thit b ko di thu bao s chu u.
14
IMT-2000 OFDMA TDD WMAN (thng c bit di tn WiMAX di ng). Mi tiu chun trong su tiu chun cng ngh nu trn u c cc cng ty ln v mt s quc gia c nn cng nghip in t, vin thng pht trin ng h v ra sc vn ng. Cc tiu chun ny cnh tranh gay gt vi nhau trong vic chim lnh th trng thng tin di ng. Trong ch c 3 cng ngh c bit n nhiu nht v pht trin thnh cng l WCDMA, CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO v WiMAX di ng. 1.3.1. IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread Cng ngh IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread c bit n nhiu hn di tn gi thng mi l WCDMA, c chun ho bi 3GPP. Da trn cng gh WCDMA hin c hai loi h thng l FOMA (do NTT DoCoMo trin khai Nht) v UMTS (c trin khai u tin Chu u, sau pht trin ra ton th gii). UMTS l s pht trin ln 3G ca h cng ngh GSM (GSM, GPRS & EDGE), l cng ngh duy nht c cc nc chu u cng nhn cho mng 3G. GSM v UMTS cng l dng cng ngh chim th phn ln nht trn th trng thng tin di ng ngy nay (chim ti 85,4% theo GSA 8-2007). Mt s c im ch yu ca cng ngh WCDMA bao gm: Mi knh v tuyn c rng 5 MHz; tng thch ngc vi GSM; chip rate 3,84 Mbps; h tr hot ng khng ng b gia cc cell; truyn nhn a m; h tr iu chnh cng sut da trn t s tn hiu/tp m; c th p dng k thut anten thng minh tng dung lng mng v vng ph sng (phin bn HSPA t Release 8 tr ln);h tr nhiu kiu chuyn giao gia cc cell, bao gm soft-handoff, softer-handoff v hard-handoff; UMTS cho php tc downlink l 0,384 Mbps (full mobility) v vi phin bn nng cp ln HSPA Release 6 hin nay, tc ln ti 14 Mbps (downlink) v 1,4 Mbps (uplink). D kin phin bn HSPA Release 8 ra mt vo nm 2009 (thm tnh nng MIMO) th tc tng ng s l 42 Mbps & 11,6 Mbps. UMTS hon ton tng thch ngc vi GSM. Cc my handset UMTS thng h tr c hai ch GSM v UMTS, do vy chng c th s dng vi cc mng GSM hin c. Nu mt thu bao UMTS ra khi vng ph sng ca mng UMTS v i vo vng ph sng GSM th cuc gi ca thu bao c t ng chuyn giao cho mng GSM. c bit, trong bng tn 1900-2200 MHz th WCDMA l cng ngh duy nht hin nay c thit b sn sng, c nhiu nh cung cp thit b sn xut v c th cung cp ngay khi c n t hng. Mt khc, do quy m th trng ln v l cng ngh trng thnh nn WCDMA cng l mt trong nhng cng ngh c chi ph u t thp nht, em li hiu qu cao nht.
Tuy nhin UMTS cng c mt s nhc im. Chuyn giao cuc gi mi ch thc hin c theo chiu t UMTS sang GSM m cha thc hin c theo chiu ngc li. Tn s cao hn mng GSM900 nn s lng trm BTS dy c hn do thi gian xy dng mng lu hn v chi ph cao hn mng GSM. cung cp c dch v Video-on-demand, cc trm gc phi t cch nhau khong 1-1,5km; iu c th thc hin c khu vc th nhng s l khng kinh t khu vc nng thn. 1.3.2. IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier cn c gi l IMT-MC hay CDMA2000 l cng ngh pht trin ln 3G t h CDMAOne (IS-95) bi 3GPP2. y l cng ngh cnh tranh trc tip vi cng ngh WCDMA trn th trng thng tin di ng. CDMA2000 c cc phin bn CDMA2000-1x (hay 1xRTT), CDMA20003x, CDMA2000 EV-DO, CDMA2000 EV-DV. CDMA2000 s dng cc cp sng mang c rng knh 1,25 MHz. Phin bn u tin CDMA2000 1x (hay IS-2000) s dng 1 cp knh v tuyn 1,25 MHz chuyn ti 128 knh lu lng, cung cp tc downlink 144 kB/s. Mc d CDMA2000 1x c cng nhn l 3G nhng nhiu ngi coi n l i din ca mng 2,5G. CDMA2000 v CDMA2000 EV-DV s dng 3 knh 1,25 MHz tng tc . CDMA2000 EV-DV c tc downlink ln n 3,1 Mbps v uplink l 1,8 Mbps. Tuy nhin c hai phin bn ny u khng cn c tip tc nghin cu, pht trin thng mi ho do cc nh khai thc CDMA2000 ln nht (nh Sprint Nextel v Verizon Wireless) u la chn phin bn EV-DO. Hin nay cha c mng thng mi no trin khai hai phin bn ny. CDMA2000 EV-DO li c nhiu revision khc nhau: Rev. 0, Rev. A, Rev. B, Rev. C. Tiu chun CDMA2000 EV-DO u tin c gi l Revision 0 c tc downlink ln n 2,4 Mbps v uplink l 153 kbps. CDMA2000 Rev. A c tc ln n 3,1 Mbps downlink v 1,8 Mbps uplink. Rev. B h tr tc uplink ln n 14,7 Mbps (3 knh sng mang). D kin n gia nm 2009 khi Rev. C hay cn gi l UMB ra i (s dng MIMO v OFDMA) s h tr tc downlink ln n 275 Mbps v uplink ln n 75 MBps. Tc ny cho php ngi ta coi UMB l cng ngh ca mng 4G, snh ngang vi LTE ca dng cng ngh HSPA/WCDMA. Cng ging nh HSPDA, cc modem t Rev. A tr ln ca CDMA2000 s dng chipset ca Qualcomm cng c kh nng x l ng thi cuc gi voice bng chuyn mch knh v truy cp d liu bng chuyn mch gi. Hin nay thit b CDMA2000 bng tn 1900-2200 MHz trn th gii mi ch c 1 nh khai thc duy nht l KDDI ca Nht Bn trin khai CDMA2000 bng tn 1900-2200 MHz. Thit b cho mng ny c KDDI t hng ring ca Toshiba nn khng ph bin trn th trng. Thit b CDMA2000 trong bng 1900-
16
2200 MHz c th s ch c sau khi Rev. C (hay UMB) c thng mi ho vo cui nm 2009, u nm 2010. Tuy nhin th trng cho cng ngh CDMA2000 vn nh hn GSM/UMTS nay li ang suy gim. Ti mt s nc, cc nh khai thc CDMA2000 cng ang chuyn hng sang HSPA. Ti Hn Quc, KTF v SK Telecom tuyn b ngng u t vo mng CDMA2000 v bt u t u nm nay chuyn dn khch hng sang HSPA. Ti Australia, Telstra tuyn b s thu hp v ngng hot ng mng EV-DO v chuyn dn khch hng sang mng HSPA. Cc nh sn xut cng khng cn quan tm nhiu n CDMA2000 na. Nokia tuyn b rt khi vic nghin cu pht trin CDMA v ch tip tc kinh doanh cc sn phm CDMA mt s th trng trng im. 1.3.3. IMT-2000 CDMA TDD H cng ngh CDMA TDD bao gm TD-CDMA v TD-SCDMA. Cng ngh TD-SCDMA do chnh ph Trung Quc ch o Hc vin Cng ngh Vin thng Trung Quc v Cng ty Datang nghin cu, pht trin vi mc tiu khng l thuc vo cng ngh Phng Ty nhm trnh phi tr mt khon ph bn quyn khng nh cho cc sng ch ca cc cng ty u-M ng thi thc y ngnh cng nghip in t-vin thng Trung Quc pht trin. Cng ngh TD-SCDMA cn ang c nghin cu pht trin v cha c nc no ngoi Trung Quc d nh trin khai. TD-CDMA hay cn gi l UMTS-TDD s dng chung mt knh v tuyn 5 MHz cho c ng ln v ng xung. Mi khung thi gian rng 10 ms chia thnh 15 time slot. Cc time slot c phn b cho ng ln v ng xung theo mt t l c nh. Cng ngh truy cp CDMA c s dng trong mi time slot ghp knh cc dng d liu t cc tranceiver khc nhau. Cng ngh TD-CDMA ch yu c s dng truy cp d liu internet bng thng rng ch khng dnh cho thoi. N ch yu c dng cho cc picocell v micro-cell c nhu cu d liu ln. Hin nay c khong 20 nc trin khai TD-CDMA cc thnh ph ln. Tuy nhin cng ngh ny cha thc s chn mui v quy m th trng cng nh s lng cc nh cung cp thit b cn nhiu hn ch. 1.3.4. IMT-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier Cng ngh TDMA Single-Carrier cn c gi l WUC-136, c pht trin t tiu chun IS-136 TDMA. N s dng cc knh c rng 30 KHz, 200 KHz v 1,6 MHz. Cng ngh ny vn cn ang giai on nghin cu pht trin, cha c h thng no c trin khai thng mi, do cng t c kh nng chim lnh th trng.
17
1.3.5. IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA Cng ngh ny cn c tn gi l DECT. N c ETSI pht trin v c trin khai mt s nc chu u, chu v chu M cho cc h thng in thoi khng dy tng i c quan (PBX) v in thoi v tuyn ni th cng cng. Do c cng sut nh, vng ph sng hp (maximum 0,25W) nn cng ngh ny khng thch hp cho vic ph sng ton quc n cc vng nng thn. 1.3.6. IMT-2000 OFDMA TDD WMAN Cng ngh ny da trn tiu chun 802.16e-2005 hay cn gi l Wimax di ng. N c IEEE pht trin v ang c th nghim trin khai mt s nc. Mobile Wimax c mt s c im c bn nh sau:Thit k mng da trn cu trc All-IP; knh v tuyn c rng 3.5, 5, 7, 10, 20 MHz; song cng TDD; s dng iu ch OFDMA; tn s 2.3; 2.5; 3.5 GHz; t CW2 (2008) tr ln s h tr ngten thng minh (MIMO); tc (CW2) DL = 37.4 Mbps; UL=10 Mbps. Cng ngh Wimax ang c kh nhiu cc cng ty tham gia pht trin, c bit l cc cng ty ang chim th phn khim tn trong mi trng thng tin di ng nh Nortel hay Motorola. Wimax l cng ngh c tim nng cnh tranh cao trong vic cung cp dch v truy cp khng dy bng rng. Hin nay Wimax forum c ti 469 thnh vin (7/2007) l cc nh sn xut chip/linh kin; cc nh cung cp thit b, cc nh cung cp dch v v cc nh cung cp ng dng. Tuy nhin Mobile Wimax cng c mt s nhc im. Bng tn cho Mobile Wimax khng c thng nht cao trn ton cu nh UMTS nn quy m th trng b phn mnh, dn n chi ph sn xut cao, thit b c gi thnh cao. Cng ngh Wimax c pht trin t con s 0 nn khng tng thch vi bt k cng ngh no c trc . Ngoi ra, vic pht trin Wimax xut pht t nhu cu cung cp dch v d liu bng rng khng dy nn chi ph cung cp dch v thoi qua mng Wimax di ng l kh tn km trong khi nhu cu ch yu ca ngi tiu dng hin nay vn l thoi (80-90% lu lng ton mng), s lng ngi s dng laptop v PDA vn cn kh t.
18
Chng 2
Location based service

in thoi di ng v Internet to nn mt cuc cch mng trong vic giao tip cng nh phong cch sinh hot ca con ngi.S lng ngi dng in thoi di ng v PDA ngy cng tng, cho php mi ngi c th truy cp internet bt c ni u, bt c khi no h mun.Thng qua Internet , h c th nhn c cc tin tc s kin trong ngy , tm kim a im , tra cu cc dch v mt cch d dng. Mt v d a ra l : Mt khch hng mun tm kim mt nh hng n ti. hn ch cc kt qu tm kim , khch hng phi b sung thm mt s tiu ch km theo : nh a im ( c gn ni h khng ? ) , gi c , cht lng n Mt trong nhng tiu ch tm kim l v tr nh hng c th c thc hin thng qua mt h thng , c gi l Location Based Service (LBS ). C th nh ngha LBS nh sau: + L cc dch v thng tin tip cn vi cc thit b di ng thng qua mng di ng v s dng v tr ca thit b di ng (Virrantaus et al. 2001). + Mt nh ngha tng t c OpenGeospatial Consortium(OGC 2005) a ra: L mt dch v Internet khng dy s dng cc thng tin v v tr a l p ng cc yu cu t nhng khch hng di ng.Bt c ng dng dch v no khai thc thng tin v tr ca thit b di ng u cui. Nhng nh ngha trn m t LBS nh l mt s kt hp ca 3 cng ngh: Nhng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng mi (NICTS) : nh l h thng vin thng di ng v cc thit b cm tay. Internet. Cc h thng thng tin a l ( GIS) vi khng gian c s d liu.
Hnh 2.1: Cng ngh trong h thng LBS
19
2.1.Th no l LBS
2.1.1 Mi quan h gia GIS v LBS LBS v GIS c mt s im tng ng.C hai cng lin quan n v tr a l. Thng thng vic x l cc thng tin vi tham chiu v tr v phn tch cc chng nng ( LBS) a ra cu tr li cho cu hi : Ti ang u ? Nhng g ang gn ti ? Ti phi i nh th no ? Tuy nhin, GIS v LBS c ngun gc khc nhau v phc v cho cc nhm ngi dng khc nhau. GIS c t rt sm , c pht trin trong nhiu thp k v da trn nhng ng dng d liu a l chuyn nghip.Trong khi , LBS mi c pht trin kh gn y, do s pht trin ca dch v di ng. GIS c th c xem nh l h thng truyn thng chuyn nghip, dnh cho ngi dng c kinh nghim vi s lng ln cc chc nng.Hn na, GIS yu cu nhiu ti nguyn my tnh.Ngc li, LBS li c pht trin nh l cc dch v gii hn , hng ti nhm ngi dng khng chuyn.Cc ng dng LBS hot ng vi hn ch ca mi trng tnh ton di ng nh : kh nng tnh ton thp, vng hin th nh ,thi gian chy pin ca thit b di ng. 2.1.2. Thnh phn ca LBS Nu ngi dng mun s dng LBS , cn thit phi c cc yu t c s h tng khc nhau. Cc thnh phn chnh ca LBS : Thit b di ng : l cng c ngi dng truy vn cc thng tin cn thit.Kt qu tr v c th bng ting ni , hnh nh , text Cc thit b c th l PDA, in thoi di ng ,Laptops nhng cng c th l thit b nh v trn xe t . Mng kt ni : Thnh phn th 2 l mng di ng , truyn d liu v yu cu dch v t thit b u cui n nh cung cp dch v v sau , truyn thng tin phn hi li ngi dng. Thnh phn nh v : Trong qu trnh x l ca mt dch v , v tr ca ngi dng cn c xc nh.V tr ngi dng c th c xc nh thng qua h tng mng di ng hoc thng qua H thng nh v ton cu ( GPS).Hn na , cn c th xc nh v tr thng qua cc trm WLAN , du hiu hot ng hay trm pht sng v tuyn.Cc phng php sau c th c s dng trong vic ch ng trong nh nh trong bo tng, ni m GPS khng th xc nh c v tr . Nu v tr khng th t ng xc nh th n c th c cu hnh bi ngi dng.
Thnh phn cung cp dch v v ng dng : Nh cung cp dch v cung cp nhiu dch v khc nhau cho ngi dng v chu trch nhim x l cc yu cu.Cc dch v c th tnh ton ck v tr , dn ng , tm kim cc thng tin lin quan n v tr a l hoc tm kim thng tin c th v mt i tng m h quan tm. Thnh phn cung cp d liu v ni dung : Nh cung cp dch v thng khng lu d v duy tr tt c cc thng tin m c th c yu cu t pha ngi dng.V th , nhng d liu a l v thng tin v tr thng c yu cu t nhng ngun ng tin cy( d liu bn ) hoc cc i tc kinh doanh ( thng tin giao thng , v tr cc a im ).
Hnh 2.2 : Cc thnh phn ca h thng LBS 2.1.3.Push Pull services - V c bn c th phn thnh 2 loi LBS khc nhau da theo thng tin c c phn phi da trn tng tc ngi dng hay ko: + Pull services : phn phi thng tin trc tip theo yu cu ca ngi dng.N tng t nh vic truy cp Website trong Internet bng vic in a ch vo trnh duyt Web.Pull services li c chia thng 2 loi l : Functional services ( dch v hng chc nng ), nh l vic yu cu 1 xe taxi hay 1 xe cu thng ngay khi n 1 nt trn thit b . Information services ( dch v hng thng tin) , nh l vic tm kim nh hng Trung Quc gn nht .
+Push services : phn phi thng tin theo nhng yu cu gin tip ca ngi dng.Push services thng c kch hot thng qua mt s kin no , v d nh ngay khi ngi dng i vo 1 vng c bit no , hoc ngay khi thi gian n 1 gii hn no . V d nh mt thng bo qung co khi ngi dng i vo khu vc mua sm , hay cnh bo khi thi tit thay i( bo lc).V th , push service khng c gii hn trn s tng tc trc ca ngi dng vi h thng, v vic thit lp n rt phc tp.
2.2.ng dng ca LBS

- nh ngha trn ch ra rng LBS tr li c cc cu hi nh : Ti ang u?, bn ti ang u , c nhng g xung quanh ti ? v nhiu cu hi khc na. thit k mt LBS , cc thng tin ngi dng cn l rt quan trng to ra mt LBS hu dng. 2.2.1.Yu cu ca ngi dng - Nhng yu cu ca ngi dng c th c chia thnh 5 loi hnh chnh : Locating : hu ht ngi dng u mun bit v tr ca chnh mnh dng, v tr ca ai (bn b , ngi thn) hay v tr ca bt c th no khc. Searching : tm kim thng tin ,i tng hay bt c s kin no. Navigating : Ch dn ng n mt v tr no . Identifying : Tm kim nhng c tnh ca mt v tr no . Checking : Kim tra nhng s kin gn v tr hin ti ca ngi dng.Khng ch kim tra thng tin a l m cn c thi gian din ra s kin .
Hnh 2.3: Nhng yu cu ngi dng lin quan n v tr a l

2.2.2. V d v LBS Hin nay c rt nhiu ng dng LBS khc nhau.Hnh di y a ra ci nhn tng quan v cc loi chnh ca ng dng LBS .Ngoi ra, cn c rt nhiu ng dng khc vn ang c pht trin.
Hnh 2.4 : Cc ng dng LBS C th chia cc ng dng LBS thnh mt s loi sau : + Emergency Services : Dch v khn cp .Mt trong nhng ng dng ph bin nht ca LBS l kh nng xc nh v tr ca mt c nhn, ngi m khng bit chnh xc v tr ca mnh hoc khng c kh nng tit l v ang trong tnh trng khn cp ( Chn thng, ti phm tn cng ). V d : ngi li xe khng bit chnh xc v tr ca h khi xe b hng.Vi v tr chnh xc t ng chuyn n dch v khn cp , li xe c th nhn c s h tr nhanh chng v hiu qu.Loi dch v ny bao gm c cc trng hp khn cp cng cng v c nhn.
23
Hnh 2.5: V d v dch v khn cp LBS + Navigation Services : Dch v dn ng.L dch v da trn ngi dng di ng, nhu cu ch dn trong vng i l hin ti .Kh nng mt mng di ng xc nh chnh xc v tr ca ngi dng l hin nhin trong mt h thng dn ng. V d : Bng vic xc nh v tr ca in thoi di ng ,dch v c th cho php ngi dng bit chnh xc ni h ang v ch dn chi tit cch h c th i n ni h mun.Trong hu ht dch v dn ng hin ti ,cc thng tin v nh tuyn v c s d liu bn u khng nm trn in thoi di ng.Ngi dng ly nhng thng tin nh tuyn c tnh ton trc trn server thng qua mng di ng.
Hnh 2.6 : V d v dch v dn ng LBS
24
+ Information Services : Dch v thng tin . Tm cc dch v gn nht , truy cp thng tin giao thng , nhn s gip trong mt ni xa l ch l mt vi trong s rt nhiu dch v da trn v tr a l. nhy ca cc dch v thng tin thng lin quan n vic phn phi thng tin k thut s trn thit b nh v , thi gian c trng v hnh vi ca ngi s dng. V d : Dch v du lch , hng dn vin du lch : cc dch v ny c th t ng hoc c s h tr ca trung tm iu hnh , s thng bo cho ngi dng nhng a im du lch gn h( bo tng , danh lam thng cnh).
Hnh 2.7 : V d v dch v thng tin - LBS +Tracking and Management Services : dch v theo di v qun l .Cc dch v theo di c th c p dng nh nhau cho cngi tiu dng v th trng doanh nghip.Mt v d ph bin l theo di cc gi bu kin cng ty c th bit c v tr ca n bt c lc no.Theo di phng tin c th p dng trong trng hp iu phi xe cu thng , taxi gn nht n ni yu cu.Cha m c th qun l con ci qua vic bit c v tr con mnh... + Dch v thanh ton : Nh cung cp dch v c th tnh ph dch v mt cch t ng ca ngi dng trong mt s dch v c th, ph thuc vo v tr a l ca h khi h s dng dch v .
2.3.M hnh hot ng ca LBS

- Thng qua v d v vic tm kim nh hng gn nht, chng ta s thy c qu trnh yu cu dch v cng nh kt qu phn hi t h thng.
25
Hnh 2.8 : M hnh hot ng ca LBS Thng tin ngi dng mun bit l mt hng dn n nh hng gn h nht.V vy , ngi dng c th la chn chc nng thch hp trn thit b di ng ca h .V d : M phn Tm kim , nhp Nh hng.Qu trnh hot ng s din ra nh sau : B1: By gi , nu chc nng c kich hot ,v tr ca thit b di ng s thu c t Dch v nh v.N c th l t h thng GPS hoc thng qua chc nng nh v ca mng di ng.Sau , khch hng gi thng tin yu cu, trong c i tng tm kim (nh hng ) v v tr ca h thng qua mng kt ni (communication network) n mt ni c th , c gi l gateway. B2: Gateway c nhim v trao i thng ip gia mng di ng v Internet.V th, bit c cc a ch WEB t mt vi my ch ng dng v nh tuyn yu cu n ng my ch c trng.Gateway cng s lu li thng tin v thit b di ng. B3: My ch ng dng s c yu cu v kich hot dch v thch hp ,trong trng hp ny l dch v tm kim. B4: by gi , dch v s phn tch thng ip v da vo v tr ngi dng tr li li yu cu. Trong v d ny , dch v s tra cu thng tin trong c s d liu, v tm ra nh hng gn ngi dng nht. B5: Tip theo , dch v s tm kim thng tin v cc tuyn ng v kim tra kh nng ngi dng c th n c B6:Khi c y cc thng tin, dch v s to ra mt vng m v mt truy vn nh tuyn ly mt vi nh hng.Sau khi la chn c mt danh sch nh hng, kt qu s c gi tr li ngi dng thng qua Internet , gateway v mng di ng.
Danh sch nh hng s c lit k cho ngi dng di dng text hoc c v trn bn .Sau ngi dng c th hi thng tin v nhng nh hng ( thc n, gi c ), khi s kich hot mt loi dch v khc.Cui cng , nu ngi dng chn mt nh hng no , h c th hi ng n nh hng .
2.4.Cc phng php xc nh v tr v chnh xc

- Vic xc nh v tr thu bao di ng l mt trong nhng vn kh khn nht cn phi thc hin cung cp dch v LBS. Cc nh cung cp dch v LBS s dng cc phng php khc nhau xc nh v tr thu bao.Ngi ta c th chia phng php nh v lm hai loi : + Network-based positioning : nh v da trn c s mng. + Terminal-based positioning : nh v da trn thit b u cui.
Hnh 2.9 : Hai loi phng php xc nh v tr Mt s phng php nh v ph bin : 2.4.1.Cell - ID (Cell site Identification) Cell-ID c s dng trong mng GSM, GPRS v WCDMA, y l cch xc nh v tr thu bao n gin nht. Phng php ny yu cu mng xc nh v tr ca BTS m thit b i ng ( MS) ang trc thuc, nu c c thng tin ny th v tr ca MS cng chnh l v tr ca BTS . Tuy nhin, do MS c th mi v tr bt k trong cell nn chnh xc ca phng php ny ph thuc vo kch c cell. Nu MS thuc vng th, mt ng th kch c c cell b nn chnh xc cao hn, vng ngoi kch c cell ln hn nhiu nn sai lch v v tr c th ln ti chc km. tng chnh xc ngi ta dng sector-ID hoc c th kt hp vi mt hay c hai k thut TA (Timing Advance) v da vo mnh ca tn hiu. C hai k thut ny ban u c dnh cho cc mc ch khc do khi dng xc nh v tr th c th s dng cc thit b tn ti trong mng GSM/GPRS. K thut TA s dng thng tin v sai lch thi gian c gi t BTS ti hiu chnh thi gian pht ca MS sao cho tn hiu t MS ti BTS ng vi khe thi gian dnh cho MS
tnh ra khong cch t MS ti BTS. Tuy nhin, k thut TA ch cho bit MS trong vng a l ca BTS ang phc v n vi bn knh xc nh c nh TA. Ngoi ra, trong mng thng tin di ng MS thng o mnh ca tn hiu t mt s BTS v gi thng tin ny n BTS ang phc v n, v vy c th da vo thng tin mnh tn hiu ny tnh ra c v tr MS vi chnh xc cao hn TA. Tuy nhin, c rt nhiu yu t lm hn ch hiu qu ca phng php ny nh a hnh, suy hao mi trng trong nh (cc vt liu xy dng, hnh dng, kch c to nh
Hnh 2.10 :Cell-ID kt hp vi Cell-sector hoc TA Nh vy, cell-ID v cc k thut tng cng h tr n mc d c mt s u im nh t phi thay i phn cng ca mng, t tn km th km chnh xc, tnh ph thuc vo mt cell ..lm cho phng php xc nh ny ch c kh nng h tr cho mt s t cc dch v. Bng 1 tng kt cc c tnh v ch tiu ca phng php cell-ID. Ch tiu n nh chnh xc nh gi Ch thch Km Trung bnh chnh xc ph thuc vo mt BTS v cc k thut h tr khc T 500 m n 20 km Khong 1 giy Khng cn c s thay i no, khng tn pin Yu cu c LS (Location server) mng khch S dng ti thiu bng thng v dung lng ca mng. Rt d dng khi m rng mng Cell-ID c th dng trong tt c cc mng
TTFF (Time to First Tt Fix) u cui Roaming Hiu sut Kh nng m rng Tnh tng thch Tt Tt Tt Tt Rt tt
Bng 2.1 :Nhng c tnh ca phng php cell-ID

28
2.4.2.E-OTD (Enhanced Observed Time Difference) Ngi ta ch dng E-OTD trong mng GSM/ GPRS. Trong mng ny MS gim st cc cm truyn t cc BTS ln cn v o lch thi gian cc khung t cc BTS ny lm c s ca phng php xc nh v tr. chnh xc ca phng php E-OTD ph thuc vo phn gii ca php o lch thi gian, v tr a l t cc BTS ln cn v mi trng truyn sng. MS phi o thi gian chnh lch t t nht ba BTS h tr xc nh c v tr ca MS.
Hnh 2.11. Nguyn l hot ng ca E-OTD Vi phng php E-OTD, thi gian chnh xc l tham s ht sc quan trng xc nh v tr ca MS, v vy trong mng GSM/GPRS yu cu c thm cc phn t LMU (Location Measurement Unit) vi t l 1,5 BTS cn c 1 LMU. Nh vy, vic a thm phn t mi LMU vo mng lm cu trc mng thay i ng k. cung cp dch v ny din rng cn lp t rt nhiu LMU cho cc BTS ca mng, iu ny yu cu cc k s phi nh c mng, nh gi nh hng ti phn v tuyn khi lp thm cc phn t ny. Ngoi ra, MS cng cn nng cp v phn mm h tr cho E-OTD v khch hng phi mang my ca mnh n cc trung tm cp nht phn mm ny. Hn na, MS s gp phi vn khi h roaming sang mng ca nh khai thc khc m mng ny khng ci t cc phn t LMU. E-OTD l gii php ci thin c cc ch tiu so vi cell-ID, tuy nhin li yu cu rt nhiu LMU. iu ny c ngha l lm tng chi ph, kh thc hinNgoi ra, E-TOD yu cu c c thng tin t t nht 3BTS do phng php ny s cho chnh xc km nhng vng mt BTS tha, hoc trong trng hp cc BTS thng hng (dc cc ng quc l,..). Bng 2 di y tng kt cc c tnh, ch tiu ca E-OTD. nh gi Trung bnh
Ch tiu n nh
Ch thch chnh xc ph thuc vo mt , v tr BTS

29
chnh xc
Trung bnh
T 100 n 500 m Khong 5 giy Ch yu cu thay i phn mm, khng tn pin Yu cu phi c LS(Location server) v LMU trong mng khch S dng bng thng v dung lng ca mng cho lu lng ca LMU. Khi m rng yu cu lp t thm cc LMU Ch s dng c trong mng GPRS/GSM, khng th p dng cho mng WCDMA
TTFF (Time to Tt First Fix) u cui Roaming Hiu sut Kh rng nng m Tt Km Km Km Km
Tnh tng thch
Bng 2.2 :Cc c tnh ca phng php E-OTD 2.4.3.A-GPS (Assisted GPS) A-GPS c th s dng trong cc mng GSM, GPRS v WCDMA. A-GPS s dng cc v tinh lm cc im tham chiu xc nh v tr. Bng cch o chnh xc khong cch ti 3 v tinh t my thu xc nh c v tr ca n mi ni trn qu t. My thu o khong cch bng cch o thi gian m tn hiu i t v tinh ti my thu, v vy yu cu chnh xc thng tin v thi gian. Thi gian chnh xc c th nhn c t cc tn hiu v tinh tuy nhin qu trnh nhn c thng tin ny kh lu v kh khn khi tn hiu t v tinh qu yu. gii quyt vn ny ngi ta s dng mt server (A-GPS Location server) cung cp cc thng tin lin quan n v tinh cho cc my thu. Nhng thng tin h tr t server ny gip my thu gim c thi gian xc nh v tr v cho php cc my thu A-GPS hot ng trong cc mi trng khc nhau.
Hnh 2.12. Nguyn l hot ng ca A-GPS
30
My thu A-GPS hot ng hai dng chnh: Da trn MS (MS-Based) v h tr t MS (MS-assisted). dng h tr t MS, my thu A-GPS trong MS nhn mt t thng tin t server A-GPS LS v tnh khong cch n cc v tinh, cc thng tin ny c MS gi li server server ny xc nh v tr ca MS. dng da trn MS, MS xc nh lun v tr ca n nh cc thng tin h tr t server. A-GPS cho chnh xc cao hn so vi cell -ID, E-OTD v c th hot ng mng ng b hoc khng ng b m khng cn lp thm cc LMU. Vic thc hin A-GPS hu nh khng nh hng nhiu n h tng mng v c th h tr tt cho vic roaming, tuy nhin vi cc MS yu cu phi c thm phn mch A-GPS. Bng 3 di y tng kt cc c tnh ca A-GPS. Ch tiu n nh chnh xc nh gi Tt Tt Ch thch chnh xc cao mi v tr a l T 5 n 50 m Khong 5 n 10 giy Yu cu thay i c phn cng, phn mm Yu cu phi c A-GPS LS mng khch S dng t bng thng v dung lng ca mng Rt d dng m rng H tr tt c cc mng GSM, GPRS v WCDMA
TTFF (Time to First Tt Fix) u cui Roaming Hiu sut Kh nng m rng Tnh tng thch Km Tt Tt Tt Tt
Bng 2.3 : Cc c tnh ca phng php A-GPS 2.4.4.Cc phng php kt hp Vi mng GSM/GPRS, WCDMA thng dng nht l s dng kt hp gia A-GPS vi Cell-ID. Vic kt hp gia hai gii php ny lm tng vng dch v cho A-GPS v ci thin chnh xc ca A-GPS trong mi trng hp. chnh xc v vng ph ca A-GPS rt tt mi a im m thu bao ti, tuy vy n s gim mnh i khi thu bao trong cc to nh hoc vng mt ng c. Nhng ni ny thng mt cell rt cao do phng php cell-ID li c kh nng xc nh c v tr kh chnh xc cho d khng bng A-GPS. Kt hp hai phng php ny lm tng kh nng roaming cho thu bao v c th h tr cho rt nhiu MS c trong mng. Ngoi phng n kt hp A-GPS vi cell-ID ngi ta cng c kt hp A-GPS vi E-OTD. Vi phng n ny th A-GPS c s dng trong phn ln mng cn EOTD c trin khai dng c o. Bng cch ny ngi ta lm tng chnh xc
khi nh v cng nh gip cc nh khai thc cung cp a dng cc dch v da trn v tr. Bng 4 tng kt cc c tnh ca phng php kt hp. nh gi Tt Tt
Ch tiu n nh chnh xc
Ch thch chnh xc cao mi v tr a l T 5 n 50 m khi s dng A-GPS v c th nh v ba chiu. Tuy nhin cng s ph thuc vo phng n kt hp Khong 5 n 10s Yu cu thay i c phn cng, phn mm Yu cu phi c A-GPS LS mng khch. Tuy nhin s hn ch khi kt hp A-GPS vi E-OTD S dng t bng thng v dung lng ca mng Rt d dng m rng Phng n ny c th s dng cho tt c cc mng GSM, GPRS v WCDMA
TTFF (Time to Tt First Fix) u cui Roaming Hiu sut Trung bnh Tt Tt
Kh nng m Tt rng Tnh thch tng Tt
Bng 2.4 : Cc c tnh ca phng php kt hp Bn cnh nguyn l ca cc k thut nh v ngi ta cng xem xt n rt nhiu kha cnh khc ca n nh tnh ring t v tin li cho khch hng, chi ph trin khai cng nh kh nng hon vn. Theo ti liu , A-GPS cho php khch ch ng ng m chc nng nh v ca MS do tnh ring t v tin li ca n tt hn so vi cell-ID v E-OTD. Cng theo ti liu ny, chi ph trin khai cellID l thp nht v chi ph trin khai E-OTD l cao nht (do cn rt nhiu LMU) v ln hn khong 2,5 ln so vi A-GPS. Tuy nhin, vi cell-ID th nh khai thc ch cung cp c rt t cc dch v gia tng, cn A-GPS cho php cung cp c nhiu loi dch v hn so vi E-OTD (v n c chnh xc cao hn), do kh nng hon vn ca A-GPS l cao nht v ca cell-ID l thp nht. Mi mt k thut u c u nhc im ring ca n, bng 5 s tng kt cc c tnh ca mi loi k thut nh v phn tch trn.
32
Ch tiu n nh chnh xc
Cell-ID Km
E-OTD Trung bnh
A-GPS Tt
Kt hp Tt
Km (100 m n Trung bnh (100 Tt (5 n Tt (5 n 20 km) n 500 m) 50 m) 50 m) Tt (5 s) Kh tt Km Trung bnh Km Km Km Trung bnh Tt (5->10 Tt (5->10 s) s) Km Tt Kh tt Tt Tt Kh tt Kh tt Trung bnh Tt Kh tt Tt Tt Kh tt Tt
TTFF (Time to Tt (1 s) First Fix) u cui Roaming Hiu sut Tnh tng thch Tng chi ph Tng kt Tt Tt Tt
Kh nng m rng Tt Tt Tt Trung bnh
Bng 2.5 : Tng kt cc phng php xc nh v tr Hnh di y th hin biu tng quan gia phc tp v chnh xc ca cc phng php nh v :
Hnh 2.13 : Cc phng php xc nh v tr

2.5.Nhng yu cu ca mt h thng LBS

Mc d c rt nhiu loi dch v khc nhau, ty thuc theo yu cu, mc ch , i tng hng ti m kin trc h thng cng c s khc bit.Tuy nhin, mt h thng LBS u phi c mt s yu cu sau : Hiu sut cao : a ra tr li ch trong khong 1 giy nu truy vn thng tin t Internet v c d d liu. Kin trc m rng : H tr nhiu ngi s dng ng thi vi d liu ln. ng tin cy : C kh nng cung cp lin tc , t s c. Hin thi : h tr cung cp thi gian thc , thng tin cp nht lin tc. Di ng : p ng bt c thit b di ng no t bt c ni no. Tnh m : H tr cc chun thng thng v cc giao thc ( HTTP, WAP, WML, XAML) Bo mt : Qun l da trn c s d liu c bo v v cc dch v bo mt. Tch hp : c kh nng tch hp cc ng dng thng mi in t khc , nh Qun l quan h khch hng , Thanh ton,
34
Chng 3
Cng ngh J2ME

3.1. Gii thiu v J2ME
3.1.1. Lch s J2ME c pht trin t kin trc Java Card, Embeded Java v Personal Java ca phin bn Java 1.1. n s ra i ca Java 2 th Sun quyt nh thay th Personal Java v c gi vi tn mi l Java 2 Micro Edition, hay vit tt l J2ME. ng vi tn gi, J2ME l nn tng cho cc thit b c tnh cht nh, gn:
Hnh 3.1 Lch s J2ME 3.1.2. L do chn J2ME a) Java ban u c thit k dnh cho cc my vi ti nguyn b nh hn ch. b) Th trng ca J2ME c m rng ra cho nhiu chng loi thit b nh: Cc lai th c nhn nh Java Card My in thoi di ng My PDA (Personal Digital Assistant - thit b tr gip c nhn) Cc hp iu khin dnh cho tivi, thit b gii tr gia dng 3.1.3. Kin trc ca J2ME Phn ny s trnh by kin trc tng qut ca nn tng J2ME trong lp trnh di ng v cc khi nim c bn.
35
Hnh 3.2 Kin trc tng qut ca J2ME nh ngha v Configuration (Cu hnh): l c t nh ngha mt mi trng phn mm cho mt dng cc thit b c phn loi bi tp hp cc c tnh, v d nh: Kiu v s lng b nh Kiu v tc b vi x l Kiu mng kt ni Do y l c t nn cc nh sn xut thit b nh Samsung, Nokia bt buc phi thc thi y cc c t do Sun qui nh cc lp trnh vin c th da vo mi trng lp trnh nht qun v thng qua s nht qun ny, cc ng dng c to ra c th mang tnh c lp thit b cao nht c th. V d nh mt lp trnh vin vit chng trnh game cho in thoi Samsung th c th sa i chng trnh ca mnh mt cch ti thiu nht c th chy trn in thai Nokia.. Hin nay Sun a ra 2 dng Configuration: CLDC (Connected Limited Device Configuration-Cu hnh thit b kt ni gii hn): c thit k nhm vo th trng cc thit b cp thp (lowend), cc thit b ny thng thng l my in thai di ng v PDA vi khong 512 KB b nh. V ti nguyn b nh hn ch nn CLDC c gn vi Java khng dy (Java Wireless ), dng nh cho php ngi s dng mua v ti v cc ng dng Java, v d nh l Midlet. CDC- Connected Device Configuration (Cu hnh thit b kt ni): CDC c a ra nhm n cc thit b c tnh nng mnh hn dng thit b thuc CLDC nhng vn yu hn cc h thng my bn s dng J2SE. Nhng thit b ny c nhiu b nh hn (thng thng l trn 2Mb) v c b x l mnh hn. Cc sn phm ny c th k n nh cc my PDA cp cao, in thoi web, cc thit b gia dng trong gia nh
C 2 dng Cu hnh k trn u cha my o Java (Java Virtual Machine) v tp hp cc lp (class) Java c bn cung cp mt mi trng cho cc ng dng J2ME. Tuy nhin, bn ch rng i vi cc thit b cp thp, do hn ch v ti nguyn nh b nh v b x l nn khng th yu cu my o h tr tt c cc tnh nng nh vi my o ca J2SE, v d, cc thit b thuc CLDC khng c phn cng yu cu cc php tnh ton du phy ng, nn my o thuc CLDC khng c yu cu h tr kiu float v double.
Hnh 3.3 Cc thit b v nn tng Java Bng di l s so snh cc thng s k thut ca CDC v CLDC CDLC >=32K, <=512K >=128k, <=512k C Gii Hn (ngun pin) Chm CDC >=256K >=512k Khng gii hn Nhanh
Ram Rom Ngun nng lng Network
Bng 3.1 Bng so snh cc thng s k thut ca CDC v CLDC nh ngha v Profile: Profile m rng Configuration bng cch thm vo cc class b tr cc tnh nng cho tng thit b chuyn bit. C 2 Configuration u c nhng profile lin quan v t nhng profile ny c th dng cc class ln nhau. n y ta c th nhn thy do mi profile nh ngha mt tp hp cc class khc nhau, nn thng ta khng th chuyn mt ng dng Java vit cho mt profile ny v chy trn mt my h tr mt profile khc. Cng vi l do , bn khng th ly mt ng dng vit trn J2SE hay J2EE v chy trn cc my h tr J2ME. Sau y l cc profile tiu biu:
37
Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP): profile ny s b sung cc tnh nng nh h tr kt ni, cc thnh phn h tr giao din ngi dng vo CLDC. Profile ny c thit k ch yu nhm vo in thai di ng vi c tnh l mn hnh hin th hn ch, dung lng cha c hn. Do MIDP s cung cp mt giao din ngi dng n gin v cc tnh nng mng n gin da trn HTTP. C th ni MIDP l profile ni ting nht bi v n l kin thc c bn cho lp trnh Java trn cc my di ng (Wireless Java) PDA Profile: tng t MIDP, nhng vi th trng l cc my PDA vi mn hnh v b nh ln hn Foundation Profile: cho php m rng cc tnh nng ca CDC vi phn ln cc th vin ca b Core Java2 1.3.
Hnh 3.4 : Cc loi profile tiu biu 3.1.4. Gii thiu MIDP a) nh ngha y l Profile c nh ngha dnh ring cho cc thit b di ng v l thnh phn chnh trong J2ME. MIDP cung cp cc chc nng c bn cho hu ht cc dng thit b di ng ph bin nht nh cc my in thoI di ng v cc my PDA. Tuy nhin MIDP khng phi l cy a thn cho mi lp trnh vin v nh chng ta bit, MIDP c thit k cho cc my di ng c cu hnh rt thp. Trong phn sau ti s lit k qua cc tnh nng m MIDP cung cp v nhng gii hn ca n. b) Nhng chc nng MIDP khng thc hin c Php tnh du phy ng (floating point): Php tnh ny i hi rt nhiu ti nguyn CPU v phn ln cc CPU cho cc thit b di ng khng h tr php tnh ny, do MIDP cng khng c. B np class (Class Loader).
H tr t kha finalize() nh trong J2SE: Vic dn dp ti nguyn trc khi n b xa c y v pha cc lp trnh vin. Khng h tr JNI H tr hn ch thao tc bt li. Phn ln cc th vin API cho Swing v AWT khng th s dng c trong MIDP. Khng h tr cc tnh nng qun l file v th mc: y c th lm bn ngc nhin nhng thc t l cc thit b J2ME khng c h tr cc thit b lu tr thng thng nh cng v.v. Tuy nhin, iu khng c ngha l bn phi mt i mi d liu quan trng mi khi tt my, Sun cung cp mt chc nng khc tng ng gi l Record Management system (RMS) cung cp kh nng lu tr cho cc thit b ny.
c) Nhng chc nng MIDP cung cp Cc lp v kiu d liu: Phn ln cc lp m cc lp trnh vin Java quen thuc vn cn c gi li v d nh cc lp trong gi java.util nh Stack, Vector v Hastable cng nh Enumeration. H tr i tng Display: ng nh tn gi mt chng trnh MIDP s h tr duy nht mt i tng Display l i tng qun l vic hin th d liu trn mn hnh in thoi. H tr Form v cc giao din ngi dng. H tr Timer v Alert Cung cp tnh nng Record Management System (RMS) cho vic lu tr d liu Ngoi ra vo thng 11 nm 2003 Sun tung ra MIDP 2.0 vi hng lot tnh nng khc c cung cp thm so vi bn 1.0. Nhng ci tin ni bt so vi MIDP 1.0 Nng cp cc tnh nng bo mt nh Download qua mng an ton hn qua vic h tr giao thc HTTPS. Kim sot vic kt ni gia my di ng v server: v d nh cc chng trnh khng th kt ni ti server nu thiu s chp thun ca ngi s dng. Thm cc API h tr Multimedia. Mt trong nhng ci tin hp dn nht ca MIDP 2.0 l tp cc API media ca n. Cc API ny l mt tp con ch h tr m thanh ca Mobile Media API (MMAPI). M rng cc tnh nng ca Form. Nhiu ci tin c a vo API javax.microedition.lcdui trong MIDP 2.0, nhng cc thay i ln nht (ngoi API cho game) l trong Form v Item. H tr cc lp trnh vin Game bng cch tung ra Game API: C l Sun kp nhn ra th trng y tim nng ca cc thit b di ng trong lnh vc
Game. Vi MIDP 1.0 th cc lp trnh vin phi t mnh vit code qun l cc hnh ng ca nhn vt cng nh qun l ha. Vic ny s lm tng kch thc file ca sn phm cng nh vic xut hin cc on m b li. c hng li nht t Game API trong MIDP 2.0 khng ch l cc lp trnh vin Game m cn l cc lp trnh vin cn s dng cc tnh nng ha cao cp. tng c bn ca Game API l vic gi nh rng mt mn hnh game l tp hp cc layer (lp). V d nh: trong mt game ua xe th mn hnh nn l mt layer, con ng l mt layer v chic xe c xem nh ang nm trn layer khc. Vi Game API nh pht trin cn c cung cp cc tnh nng nh qun l cc thao tc bn phm. H tr kiu nh RGB: mt trong nhng ci tin hp dn cho cc nh pht trin MIDP l vic biu din hnh nh di dng cc mng s nguyn, cho php MIDlet thao tc vi d liu hnh nh mt cch trc tip.
d) Vng i ca mt MIDP: Ging nh dng chng trnh Applet trn J2SE, mt Midlet lun lun k tha javax.microedition.midlet Hm c bn nht trong mi Midlet l startApp(), hm ny s khi to Midlet cng nh vn hnh cc thnh phn hoc i tng khc, ngoi startApp(), mi Midlet cn c pauseApp() v destroyApp(), mi hm ny s c gi thc thi tng ng khi user chn dng hoc thot chng trnh.
Hnh 3.5: Vng i ca mt MIDP
40
3.2. Cc thnh phn giao din mc cao ca ng dng MIDP

3.2.1. i tng Display, Displayable v Screens Mt ng dng MIDlet ch c 1 i tng th hin Display. i tng ny dng ly thng tin v i tng trnh by, v d mu c h tr, v bao gm cc phng thc yu cu cc i tng c trnh by. i tng Display cn thit cho b qun l victrnh by trn thit b iu khin thnh phn no s c hin th ln trn thit b. Mc d ch c mt i tng Display ng vi mi MIDlet, nhng nhiu i tng trong mt MIDlet c th c hin th ra trn thit b nh Forms, TextBoxes, ChoiceGroups, .. Mt i tng Displayable l mt thnh phn c hin th trn mt thit b. MIDP cha 2 lp con ca lp Displayable l Screen v Canvas.
Hnh 3.6 : Cy tha k lp Display Mt i tng Screen khng phi l mt ci g hin ra trn thit b, m lp Screen ny s c tha k bi cc thnh phn hin th mc cao, chnh cc thnh phn ny s c hin th ra trn mn hnh. Hnh di y s m t mi quan h ca lp Screen v cc thnh phn th hin mc cao.
Hnh 3.7 : Cy tha k cc thnh phn th hin Tm li, phn ny ch gii thiu h thng phn cp i tng dng th hin giao din ngi dng trong MIDP.
3.2.2. Thnh phn Form v Items Trong phn ny s gii thiu cc thnh phn c hin th ra trn mt Form. Mt Form ch n gin l mt khung cha cc thnh phn, m mi thnh phn c tha k t lp Item. Chng ta s xem qua cc thnh phn hin th trn thit b trn: DateField Gauge StringItem TextField ChoiceGroup Spacer CustomItem Image and ImageItem a) DateField Thnh phn DateField cung cp mt phng tin trc quan thao tc i tng Date c nh ngha trong java.util.Date. Khi to mt i tng DateField, bn cn ch r l ngi dng ch c th chnh sa ngy, chnh sa gi hay ng thi c hai. b) Gauge Mt thnh phn Gauge l mt kiu giao din thng c dng m t mc hon thnh mt cng vic. C 2 loi Gauge l loi tng tc v loi khng tng tc. Loi u cho php ngi dng c th thay i Gauge, loi 2 th i hi ngi pht trin phi cp nht Gauge c) StringItem Mt thnh phn StringItem c dng hin th mt nhn hay chui vn bn. Ngi dng khng th thay i nhn hay chui vn bn khi chng trnh ang chy. StringItem khng nhn ra s kin d) TextField Mt thnh phn TextField th tng t nh bt k cc i tng nhp vn bn tiu biu no. Bn c th ch nh mt nhn, s k t ti a c php nhp, v loi d liu c php nhp. Ngoi ra TextField cn cho php bn nhp vo mt khu vi cc k t nhp vo s c che bi cc k t mt n. e) ChoiceGroup Thnh phn ChoiceGroup cho php ngi dng chn t mt danh sch u vo c nh ngha trc. ChoiceGroup c 2 loi: multi-selection(cho php chn nhiu mc): nhm ny c lin quan n cc checkbox
exclusive-selection(ch c chn mt mc): nhm ny lin quan n nhm cc radio button f) Spacer Spacer l thnh phn khng nhn thy, c dng nh v tr cho cc i tng khc trn mn hnh hin th. Bn c th dng Spacer ch r khong trng theo chiu dc v chiu ngang gia cc thnh phn, n gin bng cch ch ra chiu di v chiu rng cho tng ci. V Spacer l thnh phn khng nhn thy nn n khng c s kin g. CustomItem Thnh phn CustomItem cho php bn to ra nhng thnh phn Item ca chnh bn. Nhng thnh phn ny cng ging nh nhng Item khc l cng c th c t vo trong Form v c th nhn bit v x l s kin CustomItem c v ln mn hnh hin th bng phng thc paint(). V th n s ty thuc vo on m c bn hin thc bn trong phng thc paint(). Qu trnh to ra mt i tng CustomItem cng khng khc cc i tng c sn trn nn Java. on m di y minh ha sn ca vic to ra mt i tng public class NewItem extends CustomItem { public NewItem(String label) { super(label); } protected void paint(Graphics g, int width, int height) { } protected int getMinContentHeight() {} protected int getMinContentWidth() {} protected int getPrefContentHeight(int width) {} protected int getPrefContentWidth(int height) {} } h ) Image and ImageItem Hai lp c dng hin th hnh nh l: Image v ImageItem. Image c dng to ra mt i tng hnh nh v gi thng tin nh l chiu cao v chiu rng, v d nh c bin i hay khng. Lp ImageItem m t mt tm nh s c hin th nh th no, v d tm nh s c t trung tm, hay t v pha bn tri, hay bn trn ca mn hnh MIDP a ra 2 loi hnh nh l loi nh khng bin i v nh bin i. Mt tm nh khng bin i th khng th b thay i k t lc n c to ra. c trng ca loi nh ny l c c t mt tp tin. Mt tm nh
bin i v c bn l mt vng nh. iu ny ty thuc vo vic bn to ni dung ca tm nh bng cch ghi n ln vng nh. 3.2.3. Thnh phn List, Textbox, Alert, v Ticker Trong phn ny chng ta s xem xt cc i tng ListBox, TextBox, Alert, v Ticker trong cc thnh phn giao din cp cao ca ng dng MIDP. Chng ta hy cng xem li cy phn cp cc thnh phn trnh by trn thit b hon chnh hn :
Hnh 3.8 : Cy tha k cc thnh phn th hin hon chnh a) List Mt List cha mt dy cc la chn c th hin mt trong ba dng. Chng ta thy loi cho php nhiu la chn v loi ch c php chn mt khi lm vic vi ChoiceGroup. Dng th 3 l l dng khng tng minh. Cc List khng tng minh uc dng th hin mt thc n cc chn la. b) TextBox TextBox c dng cho php nhp nhiu dng. Thnh phn TextBox v TextField c nhng rng buc ging nhau trong vic ch nh loi ni dung c php nhp vo. V d ANY, EMAIL, URI c) Alert v AlertType Mt Alert n gin l mt hp thoi rt nh. C 2 loi Alert: Modal: l loi hp thoi thng bo c trnh by cho n khi ngi dng n nt ng Non-modal: l loi hp thoi thng bo ch c trnh by trong mt s giy nht nh
d) Ticker Thnh phn Ticker uc dng th hin mt on chui chy theo chiu ngang. Tham s duy nht ca thnh phn Ticker l on vn bn c trnh by. Tc v chiu cun c xc nh bi vic ci t trn thit b no.
3.3. Cc thnh phn giao din mc thp ca ng dng MIDP

3.3.1. Cc hm API mc thp Mc d cc hm API cp cao cung cp mt tp y cc thnh phn xy dng giao din ng dng ngi dng. Tuy nhin cc thnh phn cp cao khng cung cp phng tin v trc tip ln thit b th hin. V thiu kh nng ny nn cc ng dng c to ra s gp nhiu gii hn. Nu cc hm API cp cao cho php chng ta to ra giao din cho cc ng dng theo chun, th cc hm API cp thp cho php chng ta c th th hin cc tng ca mnh Canvas v Graphics l 2 lp tri tim ca cc hm API cp thp. Bn s lm tt c cc cng vic bng tay. Canvas l mt khung v cho php ngi pht trin c kh nng v ln thit b trnh by cng nh l vic x l s kin. Cn lp Graphics cung cp cc cng c tht s v nh drawRoundRect() v drawString() 3.3.2. Lp Canvas Lp Canvas cung cp mt khung v cho php to ra giao din ty bin ngi dng. Mt s lng ln cc phng thc trong lp ny c dng x l s kin, v nh v chui ln thit b hin th. Trong phn ny s bao gm cc mc a) H thng trc ta Mc tiu u tin ca chng ta l lm quen vi h thng trc ta lm vic vi thit b th hin. H thng ta cho lp Canvas c tm ta l im tri trn ca thit b trnh by. Gi tr x tng dn v pha phi, gi tr y tng dn khi i xung pha di. Khi v dy bt v l mt im nh Cc phng thc sau y s gip xc nh chiu rng v chiu cao ca canvas: int getWidth(): xc nh chiu rng ca canvas int getHeight (): xc nh chiu cao ca canvas
45
Hnh 3.9 : Canvas trong thit b di ng. Chiu rng v chiu cao ca Canvas cng i din cho ton b din tch khung v c th trn thit b trnh by. Ni cch khc, bn khng th ch nh kch thc cho canvas, m phn mm trn mt thit b MIDP s tr v din tch ln nht c th c i vi mt thit b cho trc b) To mt i tng Canvas Bc u tin lm vic vi mt lp Canvas l to ra mt lp tha k t lp Canvas class TestCanvas extends Canvas implements CommandListener { private Command cmdExit; void TestCanvas() { display = Display.getDisplay(this); cmdExit = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1); addCommand(cmdExit); setCommandListener(this); } protected void paint(Graphics g) { // Draw onto the canvas } } TestCanvas canvas = new TestCanvas(this);
46
c) V trn i tng Canvas Phng thc paint ca lp Canvas cho php bn v cc hnh dng, v nh, xut chui. on m sau minh ha vic xa mn hnh th hin bng mt mu trng protected void paint(Graphics g) { // Set background color to white g.setColor(255, 255, 255); // Fill the entire canvas g.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight()); } Chng ta c th s dng mt tham chiu n mt i tung Graphics bn trong thn phng thc paint() thc hin cng vic v thc s d) S kin hnh ng Cng nh cc thnh phn Form, List, v TextBox, mt Canvas c th x l cc s Command. Chng ta c th x l cc s kin Command trn thnh phn Canvas cung cch nh cc thnh phn khc. on m sau minh ha vic x l s kin Command trn thnh phn Canvas class TestCanvas extends Canvas implements CommandListener { private Command cmdExit; cmdExit = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1); addCommand(cmdExit); setCommandListener(this); public void commandAction(Command c,Displayabled) { if (c == cmdExit) // Exit } } e) M phm Trong trng hp x l cc hnh ng ca cc phm mm, mt Canvas c th truy cp n 12 m phm. Nhng m ny c m bo lun lun c trn bt k cc thit b MIDP no KEY_NUM0 KEY_NUM1 KEY_NUM2 KEY_NUM3 KEY_NUM4 KEY_NUM5 KEY_NUM6 KEY_NUM7 KEY_NUM8 KEY_NUM9 KEY_STAR KEY_POUND Nm phng thc x l cc m phm l: void keyPressed(int keyCode) void keyReleased(int keyCode)
void keyRepeated(int keyCode) boolean hasRepeatEvents() String getKeyName(int keyCode)
3.3.3. Lp Graphics Chng ta s dng i tng Graphics v ln mt Canvas. a) H tr mu Mt ng dng MIDP ch c mt i tng Display. i tng ny uc dng ly thng tin ca mn hnh hin th hin ti, v d nh s mu h tr v cc phng thc yu cu cc i tng c hin th. i tng Display n gin l mt b qun l s hin th ca thit b v iu khin nhng g s c hin th ra trn thit b. boolean isColor() int numColors() Phng thc u tin cho bit thit b c h tr hin th mu hay khng. Nu c th phng thc th 2 s c gi xc nh s mu c h tr. Cc phng thc tip theo di y ly v mu v thit lp mu a thch ca bn. void setColor(int RGB) void setColor(int red, int green, int blue) int getColor() int getBlueComponent() int getGreenComponent() int getRedComponent() void setGrayScale(int value) int getGrayScale() b) Font ch Phn sau y cng quan trng khng km l cch s dng font ch c h tr bi giao din cp thp ca ng dng MIDP. Sau y l mt s cc phng thc dng ca lp Font. Mt s thuc tnh ca lp Font FACE_SYSTEM FACE_MONOSPACE FACE_PROPORTIONAL STYLE_PLAIN STYLE_BOLD STYLE_ITALIC STYLE_UNDERLINED SIZE_SMALL SIZE_MEDIUM
SIZE_LARGE c) im neo xc nh ta x, y ca chui k t c hin th, th im neo cho php bn ch ra v tr mun t ta x, y trn hnh ch nht bao quanh chui k t. C 6 im neo c nh ngha trc, 3 theo chiu dc v 3 theo chiu thng ng, Khi xc nh im neo v chui (cc im neo thng c s dng thnh tng cp), bn phi chn mt im honh v mt im tung . Cc im neo c nh ngha nh di y Chiu ngang LEFT (Bn tri) HCENTER (Chnh gia ca chiu ngang) RIGHT (Bn phi) Chiu dc TOP ( trn) BASELINE (ng thng c s) BOTTOM ( di) Khi s dng im neo th bn cn phi ch ra ta x, y ca hnh ch nht bao quanh. d) V cc chui k t Sau khi tm hiu v font v cc im neo, bn c th v chui k t ra mn hnh thng qua mt s cc phng thc sau: void drawChar(char character, int x, int y, int anchor) void drawChars(char[] data, int offset, int length, int x, int y, int anchor) void drawString(String str, int x, int y, int anchor) void drawSubstring(String str, int offset, int len, int x, int y, int anchor) e) V nh Lp Graphics cung cp 1 phng thc dng v nh: drawImage(Image img, int x, int y, int anchor) Chng ta cng p dng tng bc khi v nh cng ging nh khi xut chui ra mn hnh. i vi c 2 th chng ta u phi bt u bng vic thit lp ta x, y cng nh im neo. Danh sch cc im neo cho vic hin th nh cng khng khc my so vi vic xut chui, tuy nhin khng ging vi vic xut chui th mt bc nh c mt im trung tm. V th VCENTER thay th cho gi tr BASELINE khi lm vic vi nh Chiu ngang LEFT (Bn tri) HCENTER (im chnh gia theo chiu ngang)
RIGHT (Bn phi) Chiu dc TOP (im trn) VCENTER (im chnh gia theo chiu dc) BOTTOM (Bn di Trong cc phn trc, chng ta to ra cc ng dng MIDP cho vic trnh by mt tm nh c t mt ngun ti nguyn l mt tp tin. Loi nh ny khng cho php thay i, v v vy cn c bit vi tn l nh khng th thay i. Chng ta c th to ra mt tm nh t nhng ng cc thnh phn ca nh khc , chng ta s cp pht b nh cho tm nh, ly tham chiu n mt i tng Graphics, v chng ta s t v ni dung tm nh. Loi nh ny cn c bit vi mt ci tn l nh c th bin thay i c. // Create mutable image im = Image.createImage(100, 20); // Get graphics object to draw onto the image Graphics graphics = im.getGraphics(); // Draw a filled (blue) rectangle, with rounded corners graphics.setColor(0, 0, 255); graphics.fillRoundRect(0,0, im.getWidth()-1, im.getHeight()-1, 20, 20);
3.4. X l s kin
3.4.1. i tng Command Khi mt i tng xy ra trn thit b di ng, mt i tng Command gi thng tin v s kin . Thng tin ny bao gm loi hnh ng thc thi, nhn ca mnh lnh v u tin ca chnh n. Trong J2ME, cc hnh ng ni chung c th hin di dng cc nt trn thit b.Nu c qu nhiu hnh ng c hin th trn thit b, thit b s to ra mt thc n cha cc hnh ng Ch c cc thnh phn MIDP sau y mi c th cha cc i tng Command l: Form, TextBox, List v Canvas. Cc bc c bn x l cc s kin vi mt i tng Command: To mt i tng Command t i tng Command ln trn mt i tng Form, TextBox, List, hay Canvas To mt b Listener. Khi c mt s kin xy ra, b lng nghe s pht sinh mt li gi n phng thc commandAction(). Trong thn phng thc ny bn c th xc nh i tng no pht sinh ra s kin v to ra cc x l tng ng
Di y l on m minh ha vic to ra s kin Command v x l s kin: private Form fmMain; // Form private Command cmExit; // Command to exit the MIDlet ... fmMain = new Form("Core J2ME"); cmExit = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1); fmMain.addCommand(cmExit); // Add Command to Form fmMain.setCommandListener(this... public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) { if (c == cmExit) { destroyApp(true); notifyDestroyed(); } } 3.4.2. i tng Item Ngoi vic x l s kin bng i tng Command ta c th x l s kin bng i tng Item. Nhiu i tng trong MIDP c nh ngha trc cho vic x l cc s kin c th no . V d i tng DateField cho php ngi s dng chn la ngy v gi trn mn hnh, i tng TextField cho php ngi dng nhp vo mt chui cc k t, s v cc k t c bit Tng t nh vic x l s kin bng i tng Command, th khi c mt thay i xy ra i vi bt k thnh phn Item no th phng thc itemStateChanged() s c gi. V chng ta s thc hin cc x l bn trong phng thc ny Di y l on m minh ha vic to ra s kin Command v x l s kin: private Form fmMain; // Form private DateField dfToday; // DateField item fmMain = new Form("Core J2ME"); // Create Form object dfToday = new DateField("Today:", DateField.DATE); fmMain.append(dfToday); // Add DateField to Form fmMain.setItemStateListener(this); public void itemStateChanged(Item item) { // If the datefield initiated this event if (item == dfToday) {...} }
51
3.5. Record Management System

MIDP khng s dng h thng file lu tr d liu. Thay vo MIDP lu ton b thng tin vo non-volatile memory bng h thng lu tr gi l Record Management System (RMS). 3.5.1. Lu tr n nh thng qua RecorsStore RMS l h thng c t chc v qun l di dng cc bn ghi. Mi bn ghi (Record) c th cha bt k loi d liu no, chng c th l kiu s nguyn, chui k t hay c th l mt nh v kt qu l mt Record l mt chui (mng) cc byte. Nu bn m ho d liu ca bn di dng nh phn (binary), bn c th lu tr d liu bng Record sau c d liu t Record v khi phc li d liu ban u. Tt nhin kch thc d liu ca bn khng c vut qu gii hn qui nh ca thit b di ng. RMS lu d liu gn nh mt c s d liu, bao gm nhiu dng, mi dng li c mt s nh danh duy nht: Record ID Data 1 Byte[] 2 Byte[] 3 Byte[] . . Bng 3.1 : Bng lu d liu trong RSM Mt tp cc bn ghi (sau ny gi l RecordStore) l tp hp cc Record c sp xp c th t. Mi Record khng th ng c lp m n phi thuc vo mt RecordStore no , cc thao tc trn Record phi thng qua RecordStore cha n. Khi to ra mt Record trong RecordStore, Record c gn mt s nh danh kiu s nguyn gi l Record ID. Record u tin c to ra s c gn Record ID l 1 v s tng thm 1 cho cc Record tip theo. Cn ch rng Record ID khng phi l ch mc (index), cc thao tc xa Record trong RecordStore s khng gy nn vic tnh ton li cc Record ID ca cc Record hin c cng nh khng lm thay i Record ID ca cc Record c to mi, v d: khi ta xa record id 3 khi thm mt record mi s c id l 4. Data l mt dy cc byte i din cho d liu cn lu. Tn c dung phn bit cc RecordStore trong b cc MIDlet (MIDlet suite). Cn ch khi nim MIDlet suite l tp cc MIDlet c chung khng gian tn (name space), c th chia s cng ti nguyn (nh RecordStore), cc bin tnh (static variable) trong cc lp v cc MIDlet ny s c ng gi trong cng mt file .jar khi trin khai. Nu ng dng ca bn ch c mt MIDlet th cc RecordStore c s dng cng phn bit ln nhau bng cc tn. Tn ca RecordStore c th di n 32 k t Unicode v l duy nht trong mt MIDlet suite.
ng lin th hin vic truy xut Record store do MIDlet to ra, ng nt t l Record store do MIDlet khc to ra. Trong MIDLET Suite One, MIDlet #1 v MIDlet #2 cng c th truy xut 4 Record store. MIDLET Suite One khng th truy xut Record store trong Suite Two. Trong MIDlet Suite One tn ca cc Record store l duy nhy, tuy nhin Record store trong cc MIDlet Suite khc nhau c th dng chung mt tn.
Hnh 3.10 : M hnh s dng Record Store ca cc Midlet Record Store cn c 2 thuc tnh l Version Number v Date/time Stamp, cc gi tr ny thay i khi thc hin thm, thay th hay xa mt record, ngoi ra cn c th dng c ch event handler (Listener) pht hin mi khi Record store b thay i. Version number l mt s integer, bit gi tr khi u bn cn gi hm getVersion() sau khi to mt Record store.
Date/time Stamp l s long integer, l s miliseconds k t ngy 1 thng 1 nm 1970, bn c th bit c gi tr ny thng qua hm getLastModified(). 3.5.2. Cc vn lin quan n RMS a) Hn ch v kh nng lu tr ca thit b di ng Dung lng vng nh (non-volatile memory) dnh ring cho vic lu tr d liu trong RMS thay i ty theo thit b di ng. c t MIDP yu cu rng cc nh sn xut thit b di ng phi dnh ra vng nh c kch thc t nht 8K cho vic lu tr d liu trong RMS. c t khng nu gii hn trn cho mi Record. RMS cung cp cc API xc nh kch thc ca mi Record, tng dung lng ca RecordStore v kch thc cn li ca vng nh ny. Do trong qu trnh pht trin cc ng dng J2ME bn phi cn nhctrong vic s dng vng nh ny. b) Tc truy xut d liu Cc thao tc trn vng nh ny (non-volatile memory) tt nhin s chm hn nhiu khi bn truy xut d liu trn b nh RAM (volatile memory). N s ging nh tc c cng v tc c t RAM ca my tnh bn. V vy trong k thut lp trnh bn phi thng xuyn cache d liu v cc thao tc lin quan n RMS ch thc hin tp trung mt ln (lc khi ng hay ng ng dng). c) C ch lung an ton Nu RecordStore ca bn ch c s dng bi mt MIDlet, bn khng phi lo lng v vn ny v RMS s dnh ring mt Thread thc hin cc thao tc trn RecordStore. Tuy nhin nu c nhiu MIDlet v Thread cng chia s mt RecordStore th phi ch n k thut lp trnh Thread m bo khng c s xung t d liu.
3.6. Nn tng kt ni chung

Vi kch thc hn 200 kb v hn 100 class v interfaces trong gi java.io, java.net ca J2SE s chim hu ht b nh vn d nh b ca nhng thit b i ng. Do Sun khng th k tha nhng gi ny vo trong J2ME, m h xy dng mt chun l Generic Connection Framework (GCF). GCF s gip cho cc thit b di ng c th truy xut c cc ti nguyn mng, cng nh cc ti nguyn khc m a ch ca chng c xc nh bng URL. Generic Connection Framework bao gm mt tp hp cc interfaces c khai bo trong package javax.microedition.io. Hnh v sau th hin mi quan h gia cc interfaces:
Hnh 3.11 : Mi quan h gia cc giao din kt ni trong J2ME C mt class chnh l Connector v 7 interfaces c nh ngha trong GCF. T hnh v ta d dng nhn thy GCF h tr kt ni dng datagram(packet) v stream. Class Connector c dng m kt ni n mt ti nguyn no thng qua phng thc open c khai bo nh sau: Connector.Open("protocol:address;parameters"); 3.6.1. Nhng protocol c h tr trong GCF GCF h tr nhiu loi protocol khc nhau. Khi c yu cu to mt kt ni, class Connector s s dng phng thc Class.forName() tm kim mt class ph hp vi protocol . Nu tm thy mt i tng s c tr v v thc thi interface Connection . Di y l cch m cc kt ni khc nhau: Connector.Open("socket://www.corej2me.com.com:55"); Connector.Open("http://www.corej2me.com"); Connector.Open("datagram://www.corej2me.com:1000"); Connector.Open("file://makefile.txt"); 3.6.2. H tr giao thc HTTP trong MIDP n y th bn d bit c rng GCF h tr nhiu kiu kt ni v pht trin ng dng MIDlet ti v v hin th hnh nh. Trong phn ny, s bn su hn v s h tr HTTP ca GCF. u tin, hy cp nht li s quan h gia cc interfaces trong GCF thy c v tr ca http:
55
Hnh 3.12: S quan h cc giao din kt ni vi HTTP c t ca phin bn MIDP 1.0 ch h tr HTTP, trong khi phin bn hin ti MIDP 2.0 h tr HTTP v HTTPS, cung cp kh nng bo mt tt hn. Cc hm API c khai bo trong HttpConnection (cho HTTP) v trong HttpConnections (cho HTTP v HTTPS).
56
Chng 4
Xy dng ng dng Location based service

4.1.Tng quan h thng
Nh trnh by chng 2 , LBS l dch v thng tin tip cn vi cc thit b di ng , s dng thng tin v v tr a l p ng cc yu cu t ngi dng.Trn thc t , trin khai rt nhiu dch v LBS , nhiu lnh vc khc nhau.Mt trong nhng dch v ph bin nht , l cung cp cho ngi dng v tr ca nhng a im m h mun tm kim ( nh : nh hng , khch sn, qun caf, bnh vin, trm xng), gn vi v tr hin ti ca h nht.Do , trong khun kh n ny, s la chn xy dng th nghim h thng : Tra cu v tr cc a im da theo v tr ngi dng di ng. T m hnh c bn ca mt h thng LBS , gm 5 thnh phn : Thit b di ng Mng kt ni Thnh phn nh v Thnh phn cung cp dch v v ng dng Thnh phn cung cp d liu v ni dung Trong , thnh phn Mng kt ni v Thit b di ng thuc v nh cung cp dch v mng v ngi s dng.Do v c bn, h thng s gm c ba thnh phn chnh : Thnh phn nh v : Thnh phn ny c nhim v xc nh v tr ngi dng thng qua cc phng php nh v . Thnh phn dch v v ng dng : Thnh phn ny c nhim v xy dng ng dng trn thit b di ng , cho php ngi dng tng tc vi dch v. Thnh phn ni dung v d liu : Thnh phn ny c nhim v cung cp c s d liu , cho php tm kim thng tin m ngi dng cn. Mi quan h gia cc thnh phn c ch ra nh sau :
57
ng dng v Dch v
(2) (1) (3) (4)
nh v
C s d liu
Hnh 4.1 : S tng quan h thng th nghim LBS
(1) : Yu cu xc nh v tr ngi dng. (2) : Tr v v tr ngi dng . (3) : Yu cu danh sch a im . (4) : Tr v danh sch a im .
T m hnh trn, c th thy h thng c chia thnh ba M-un , mi Mun c nhim v v chc nng ring.Trong phn sau ca chng ny , s trnh by chi tit qu trnh xy dng M-un : ng dng v dch v .
4.2. Phn tch

4.2.1.Chc nng ca ng dng ng dng phi m bo 3 chc nng chnh : Hin th bn :s dng mt s d liu bn c sn. Hin th v tr ngi dng trn bn : S dng thng tin v tr ly t thnh phn nh v. Hin th v tr cc a im ngi dng quan tm : danh sch a im nhn c t thnh phn d liu Ngoi ra , ng dng c thm mt s chc nng : Tm kim v hin th v tr ca ni chn no : s dng d liu Geocode ca mt s nh cung cp min ph. La chn cc ngun d liu bn khc nhau : OpenStreetMap ,Cloude Made
Di chuyn bn n v tr xc nh : v tr nhp sn hoc theo ta ngi dng nhp. Ty chnh mt s chc nng . Biu phn r chc nng :
ng dng LBS
Xc nh v tr ngi dng
Thao tc vi bn Thay i d liu bn
Tm kim Tm kim a im gn user Tm kim v tr bt k
Thay i con tr
Hin th bn
Di chuyn bn
Di chuyn n v tr c sn Di chuyn n ta nhp
Hnh 4.2 : Biu phn r chc nng ca h thng 4.2.2.M hnh ha ca s dng a.Ca s dng Thao tc vi bn : M t ca s dng : - Chc nng lin quan : Thao tc vi bn . -Tc nhn : Ngi s dng. - Kch bn : Ngay khi ngi dng yu cu chc nng Thao tc vi bn , bn s c hin th ln mn hnh .Khi ngi dng chn cc chc nng t menu chng trnh : di chuyn bn , thay i d liu bn , thay i con tr , chng trnh s chuyn n mn hnh tng ng. -Kt thc ca s dng : cc thay i s c thc hin trn mn hnh chnh ca chng trnh.
59
Thay i d liu bn
Thay i con tr
d> > << ex te n
te <<ex
nd>>
Thao tc vi bn
<<extend>>
Di chuyn bn
d> > ten
<< ex
User
<<in cl
<<extend>>
ude> >
Hin th bn
Di chuyn n v tr c sn
Di chuyn n ta nhp
Hnh 4.3 : S ca s dng Thao tc vi bn b.Ca s dng Xc nh v tr ngi dng :
Xc nh v tr ngi dng User
<<include>>
Hin th bn
Hnh 4.4 : S ca s dng Xc nh v tr ngi dng M t ca s dng : - Chc nng lin quan : Xc nh v tr ngi dng. -Tc nhn : Ngi s dng. -Kch bn : Khi ngi dng la chn chc nng Xc nh v tr ngi dng, chng trnh s chuyn n form xc nh v tr. -Kt thc ca s dng : sau khi ngi dng xc nhn , v tr ngi dng s c hin th trn bn .
c.Ca s dng Tm kim :

Tm kim v tr gn User
xt en d> >
Tm kim
User
<< e
e << xte >> nd
Tm kim v tr bt k
Hnh 4.5 : S ca s dng Tm kim M t ca s dng : -Chc nng lin quan : Tm kim. -Tc nhn : Ngi s dng. - Kch bn : Kh ngi dng la chn chc nng tm kim , chng trnh s hin th mn hnh tm kim tng ng.Nu ngi dng la chn chc nng Tm kim a im gn ngi dng, mn hnh s hin ra danh sch cc loi a im ngi dng la chn.Nu ngi dng la chn chc nng Tm kim v tr bt k , chng trnh cho php ngi dng nhp iu kin tm kim. - Kt thc ca s dng : S hin ra danh sch cc kt qu tm kim.Cc a im u c hin th ln bn . 4.2.3.M hnh ha cu trc Mc ch ca bc ny l t biu v c t ca s dng trn, xc nh cc lp tham gia ca s dng, v c biu lp tham gia cc ca s dng.
a.Biu lp ca ca s dng Thao tc vi bn : Cc lp tham gia : Mapper : Lp Midlet c tao ra ngay khi bt u chng trinh.Lp c vai tr khi to cc thnh phn khc ca chng trnh. MapScreen : Lp Canvas Lp giao din chnh ca chng trnh. MapComponent : Lp thao tc vi bn .Mi yu cu thao tc vi bn ca ngi dng u c x l trong lp ny.
GoToPoint,ChangeMapSource, ChangeLocaiton,ChangeCursor : 4 lp giao din ngi dng nhp cc yu cu v gi n lp MapComponent thc hin.
1 Mapscreen MapComponent User Paint() commandAction() 1 commandAction() setMapPosition() 1 StartApp() destroyApp 1 MapComponent Datasource Middlepoint Cursor 1 Paint() setDatasource setCursor setMiddlePoint 1 commandAction() setMapPosition() commandAction() setMapCursor() 1 ChangeLocation Lat Lng ChangeCursor listCursor commandAction() setMapSource() 1 1 GoToPoint listPoint 1 ChangeMapSource listMapSource
Mapper Mapscreen 1
1 1 1
Hnh 4.6 : S cc lp tham gia ca s dng Thao tc vi bn b.Biu lp ca ca s dng Xc nh v tr : Cc lp tham gia : MyLocation: Lp giao din ngi dng ty chnh LocationProvider : Lp xc nh thng tin v tr ca ngi dng. MapScreen : Lp Canvas Lp giao din chnh ca chng trnh. MapComponent : Lp thao tc vi bn .Mi yu cu thao tc vi bn ca ngi dng u c x l trong lp ny.
62
Mapscreen MapComponent User Paint() commandAction()
MyLocation 1 MapComponent Mapscreen 1 commandAction() StartTrack() StopTrack()
1 MapComponent LocationSource
1 LocationProvider
location
getLocaiton() UpdateInterval()
setLocation()
Hnh 4.7 : S cc lp tham gia ca s dng Xc nh v tr ngi dng c.S lp ca ca s dng Tm kim : Lp Search : Lp giao din ca chc nng tm kim.Cho cho php ngi dng chn kiu tm kim . Lp SearchPlaces : Lp giao din tm kim v tr bt k.Cho php ngi dng nhp tn a im cn tm. Lp SearchPOIs : Lp giao din tm kim cc a im gn ngi dng.Cho php ngi dng la chn nhng loi a im mun tm t listCategories. Lp SearchResult : Lp giao din hin th danh sch cc kt qu tm kim, v la chn hin th a im trn bn . Lp Mapscreen : Lp giao din chnh ca chng trnh. Lp MapComponent : Lp thao tc vi bn .
63
Search POIs MapComponent ListCategories User SearchPOIs() commandAction() 1 1 1 1 Mapscreen listResult ShowResult() GotoPlaces() 1 1 1 Search 1 SearchType MapScreen Search()
Mapscreen MapComponent
Paint() commandAction()
1 MapComponent MiddlePoint()
setMiddlePoint() Search places Query MapComponent SearchPlaces() commandAction() 1
Hnh 4.8 : S cc lp tham gia ca s dng Tm kim
4.3.Thit k
4.3.1.Thit k giao din a,Giao din chnh ca chng trnh : - y l giao din ngay khi ngi dng chy chng trnh.Trong y s hin th bn v cc thng tin c bn nh : dung lng s dng ( kB), mc zoom. - Giao din c hai lnh: Exit : thot chng trnh Menu : hin ra danh sch cc chc nng trong chng trnh.
64
Mc zoom
Dung lng s dng
Vng hin th bn
1.i n 2.V tr ca ti 3.Tm kim v tr 4.Tm kim a im 5.Thay i bn 6.Thay i con tr
Exit
Menu
Hnh 4.9 : Thit k giao din chnh chng trnh b.Giao din chc nng di chuyn : - y l hai giao din trong chc nng di chuyn bn . Trong di chuyn n v tr c sn, s c 1 danh sch cc a im c sn, ngi dng s la chn di chuyn n v tr . Trong di chuyn n ta , ngi dng s nhp ta (lat,lng) v mc zoom m ngi dng mun di chuyn bn .
Di chuyn n v tr xc nh
Di chuyn n ta Longitude:
1.H Ni 1.H Ni
2.H Ch Minh 3. Nng 4.Ngh An 5.Vng Tu 6.Thanh Ha 7.Hu. ...
Latitude:
Zoom
Back
Di chuyn
Back
Di chuyn
Hnh 4.10 : Thit k giao din chc nng di chuyn c.Giao din tm kim:
Tm kim a im gn ngi dng
Tm kim v tr Tn a im:
Trm xng Bnh vin Nh hng Qun cafe Internet
Gii hn kt qu
Back
Tm kim
Back
Tm kim
Hnh 4.11: Thit k giao din chc nng tm kim y l 2 giao din tm kim trong chc nng tm kim : Tm kim a im : giao din hin th danh sch cc loi a im m chng trnh cung cp.Ngi dng chn loi a im mnh mun, c th chn nhiu loi cng lc tm kim. Tm kim v tr : Ngi dng nhp tn a im mun tm trong TextField v gii hn s lng kt qu. d.Giao din chc nng xc nh v tr ngi dng :
Xc nh v tr T ng cp nht C Khng Thi gian cp nht
Back
Xc nh
Hnh 4.12: Thit k giao din chc nng xc nh v tr ngi dng y l giao din trong chc nng xc nh v tr ngi dng.Ngi dng s la chn ch t ng cp nht v tr ca mnh trn bn hay khng v thi gian cp nht
66
4.3.2.Thit k lp T bc nhn nh cc lp tham gia ca s dng bc phn tch, kt hp vi cng ngh s dng , cc lp c iu chnh v thit k li nh sau : a,Lp Mapper : Lp Midlet Lp khi to mi thnh phn ca ng dng J2ME.
Mapper : Midlet + Instance : Mapper - Screen : Mapscreen
- destroyApp() - startApp() - pauseApp() +Mapper()
Hnh 4.13 : Thit k lp Mapper - Hm startApp() s c gi ngay khi khi to chng trnh , i tng MapScreen s c to trong hm ny. - Hm destroyApp() c gi khi thot khi chng trnh. b.Lp MapScreen :Lp Canvas Lp giao din chnh ca chng trnh.Vic hin th bn s c thc hin thng qua lp ny .
MapScreen : Canvas + Instance : MapScreen - map : MapComponent - commands : Command - searchPlaces : Places + initialize() - paint() - commandAction() + MapScreen ()
Hnh 4.14 : Thit k lp MapScreen - map : MapComponent : thnh phn thao tc vi bn . - Hm initialize() : Khi to cc c tnh ca bn : v tr trung tm, cc phm iu khin, kiu bn - commands : Cc lnh do ngi dng la chn ng vi cc chc nng chnh ca chng trnh . - commandAction() : ng vi command, s chuyn n chc nng tng ng. -paint() : V mi th ln mn hnh hin th ca thit b.
c.Cc lp giao din chc nng :
Form
SetLocation
MyLocation
Search Places
List
ChangeMap
SearchPOIs
ChangeCursor
Goto
Hnh 4.15 : S k tha cc lp giao din chc nng - Cc lp giao din thc hin cc chc nng tng ng ca chng trnh. SetLocation : Di chuyn bn n to nhp t ngi dng. MyLocation : Xc nh v tr ngi dng. SearchPlaces : Tm kim v tr theo tn ngi dng nhp ChangeMap : thay i d liu bn . SearchPOIs : Tm kim a im gn ngi dng. ChangeCursor : Thay i con tr ca bn . Goto : Di chuyn bn n v tr c sn.
68
d.Lp MapComponent : Lp thao tc vi bn

MapComponent - middlePoint - mapSource - cursor - zoom - width - height . +get() +set() +MapComponent() +SetKey()
Hnh 4.16 : Thit k lp MapComponent - middlePoint : im trung tm m bn ang hin th -zoom : Mc phng to thu nh ca bn . - width, height : kch thc bn , thng bng kch thc ca Canvas. -mapSource : d liu bn s dng ( ngun Map tile ) -cursor : con tr hin trn bn . - Hm setKey() , s nh ngha cc phm n vi chc nng thao tc bn , nh : di chuyn , zoom, select e.Lp LocationProvider : - y l lp c cung cp sn trong th vin ca J2ME.Lp ny c chc nng xc nh v tr ca thit b di ng.L lp bin, tng tc vi thnh phn Xc nh v tr trong h thng. f.Lp GeocodingService : - Lp ny cung cp giao din tng tc vi thnh phn cung cp d liu. Nhng yu cu tm kim ca ngi dng s c gi t thit b n my ch thng qua lp ny, sau , kt qu tr v t my ch cng s c lp ny nhn v x l. 4.4.Ci t v thc nghim 4.4.1. Ci t - Chng trnh c ci t trn J2ME, c s dng thm mt s th vin : Th vin MGMaps Lib SDK.
Th vin Location Provider. * Gii thiu v th vin MGMaps Lib SDK : + y l th vin bn m ngun m J2ME.N cho php to cc ng dng bn trn in thoi h tr Java.N khng phi l mt ng dng , m l th vin pht trin cc ng dng J2ME, do cho php ngi dng ty chnh ng dng bn theo mnh. + Th vin c cung cp bi Nutiteq . Cc chc nng c bn ca mt ng dng bn trn di ng : Hin th bn tng tc vi ngi dng.Ngi dng c th di chuyn , phng to hay thu nh ty . Hin th cc a im , i tng trn bn Ngi dng c th la chn xem chi tit cc thng tin trn bn . Cc bc cn thit s dng Lib : To i tng Map , gn n n lp Canvas X l di chuyn bn , phng to thu nh ( nh ngha cc phm tng ng ) Thm v tr nh du ( Mark ) ln bn . X l s kin khi ngi dng la chn mt Mark. Hy bn khi thot khi ng dng * To map : o 1.To i tng Mapcomponent ( kch thc , v tr trung tm, mc phng to ) o 2.nh ngha cc phm n tng ng vi cc chc nng : di chuyn, phng to- thu nh, la chn... o 3. Gi hm khi to Map : startMapping().
70
Hnh 4.17 : Cc bc s dng th vin MGMaps Lib SDK *.Thao tc vi bn : o 4.Khi ngi dng n phm, chng trnh s ghi nhn s kin , gi n MMaps Lib. o 5.Thc hin cc chc nng tng ng nt c nhn. o 6.Gi s kin needRepaint(), bo cho chng trnh bin bn cn c v li. o 7.Chng trnh s gi hm paint() v li. *.nh du ln bn : Do b nh trong ca in thoi thng nh , nn thng ch hin th ti a 20 Mark cng lc trn bn .Hn na, thng tin v Mark c lu tr trn my ch, kch thc ca mi ln request ch nn trong khong 10 20kB. gii hn s lng Mark trn bn v dung lng download , chng trnh s s dng b lc BBOX( hnh ch nht bao quanh) v gii hn s lng Mark.Khi ng dng gi request n my ch, s gi thm thng tin v BBOX v s lng ti a ca Mark . o 8.Chng trnh gi hm ly thng tin ca BBOX. o 9.Chng trnh dng BBOX ly c request d liu t my ch. o 10.Chng trnh to cc i tng Place t d liu nhn c , sau gi hm startMapping() thm cc v tr nh du ln bn .
o 11. Gi s kin needRepaint(), bo cho chng trnh bin bn cn c v li. o 12. Chng trnh s gi hm paint() v li. *.Ngi dng la chn v tr nh du : Khi ngi dng nhn phm SELECT khi m con tr ca bn ang ch vo mt Mark o 13.Chng trnh gi s kin nhn phm SELECT n Mmap lib. o 14. Gi s kin placeClicked(Place) n chng trnh.Khi ngi dng s nhn c cc thng tin chi tit v a im c nh du . * Kt thc chng trnh : Khi ngi dng ng chng trnh , s ng thi hy MapComponent.Mmap lib s ng cc kt ni mng v dng cc tin trnh ang hot ng. Chng trnh s dng nh dng file KML nhn d liu t thnh phn d liu(my ch d liu ). KML file : l mt nh dng file c s dng hin th cc d liu v tr trn bn .KML da trn cu trc th v cc thnh phn v thuc tnh bn trong, da theo chun XML. nh dng c bn ca mt file KML : <kml> <Placemark> <name>Ha Noi</name> <address>, , Vit Nam</address> <description> Vietnam</description> <Point> <coordinates>105.81685,21.15439,0</coordin ates> </Point> </Placemark> </kml> y l nh dng d liu ca mt a im c lu di dng file KMl.Mi a im c cc trng thng tin: Name(tn), Address(a ch), Description(m t) , Point(ta theo Latitude v Longitude). Chng trnh sau khi nhn c d liu di dng KML file nh trn , s chuyn thnh i tng Places v thm vo bn . 4.4.2.Kt qu thc nghim - Chng trnh thc hin c mt s chc nng c bn nh sau :
Hin th bn , cho php ngi dng tng tc vi bn . Di chuyn bn n v tr c sn hoc n ta ngi dng nhp Thay i d liu bn ca mt s nh cung cp min ph. Xc nh v tr ngi dng v hin th ln bn . Tm kim nhng a im m ngi dng quan tm theo th loi v gn v tr ngi dng nht. Tm kim a im theo tn v hin th kt qu ln bn .S dng c s d liu ca nh cung cp. Cho php ngi s dng ty chnh mt s thng tin lin quan n chng trnh nh : con tr bn , gii hn s lng kt qu tm kim , - Mt s hnh nh thc nghim ca chng trnh :
Hnh 4.18 : Mn hnh khi ng v giao din chnh ca chng trnh.
73
Hnh 4.19: Danh sch cc chc nng ca chng trnh di dng Menu.
a) b) Hnh 4.20 : Giao din chc nng di chuyn bn a,Di chuyn n v tr c sn. b,Di chuyn n ta nhp.
74
a) b) Hnh 4.21: Giao din chc nng tm kim v tr gn ngi dng a.La chn th loi tm kim. b.Ty chnh thng tin.
Hnh 4.22: Kt qu tm kim
75
a) b) Hnh 4.23: Giao din tm kim a im da theo tn v kt qu a.Giao din tm kim b.Kt qu tm kim
Hnh 4.24: Giao din thay i d liu bn v con tr bn
76
4.4.3.nh gi chng trnh Chng trnh p ng c c bn cc chc nng nh mc tiu ra : hin th bn , xc nh v tr ngi dng , tm kim a imVic thao tc vi bn kh tt, giao din d s dng . Tuy nhin , do chng trnh s dng bn online , nn tc load vn chm, ngi dng tn dung lng download. Vic xc nh v tr ngi dng vn ch mang tnh demo, v hin nay cha c nh cung cp no a ra giao din xc nh v tr ngi dng da vo mng 3G Chng trnh cn cha h tr chc nng lu tr bn , cha cho ngi dng lu v tr h mun nh du , s b sung trong thi gian pht trin sau ny.
77
Kt lun
Qua qu trnh nghin cu tm hiu di s hng dn ca TS. Phm Huy Hong, em hiu c l thuyt tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng 3G, nhng khi nim c bn v cc dch v da trn v tr LBS cng nh m hnh trin khai h thng trn thc t.Qua tin hnh xy dng th nghim h thng : xy dng m hnh tng quan v s dng nn tng J2ME ci t ng dng bn trn di ng. n hon thnh c nhng mc tiu ra ban u, bao gm nhng kin thc l thuyt v ci t c ng dng th nghim. ng dng cung cp c nhng chc nng c bn m mt h thng LBS cung cp : xc nh v tr ngi dng, tm kim thng tin lin quan n v tr a l, hin th cc i tng ln bn vi v tr tng ng.Ngoi ra cn cung cp mt vi chc nng ty bin cho ngi dng la chn: thay i d liu bn , gii hn kt qu Tuy nhin, trong phm vi n tt nghip, h thng vn mang tnh cht thc nghim nn cn nhiu im cha hon thin.c bit l vn bo m an ton thng tin, v nhng thng tin v v tr ngi dng l rt quan trng v phi c bo mt.Trong tng lai, vn ny c th c gii quyt bng cch p dng cc phng php bo m an ton thng tin nh : m ha thng tin, xy dng h thng xc thc ngi dng.Ngoi ra, h thng s c th m rng thm nhiu chc nng c th trin khai trong thc t v mang li gi tr gia tng nh : pht trin h thng qung co da theo v tr ngi dng, h thng qun l con ngi hay nhng ti sn di ng, h thng chia s thng tin bn b Em xin chn thnh cm n TS. Phm Huy Hong hng dn em hon thnh n ny. Sinh vin thc hin Mnh H
78
Ti liu tham kho

Foundations of Location Based Services Tc gi : Stefan Steiniger, Moritz Neun v Alistair Core J2ME Technology & MIDP Tc gi : John W. Muchow. Bi ging 3G cho nhn vin Viettel Tc gi : TS. Nguyn Anh Dng. MGMaps Lib developer Guide Xut bn : www.nutiteq.com WAP Bluetooth 3G programming-Craking the Code Tc gi : Dreamtech Software India,Inc., Team Cc thng tin tham kho t Internet.
79

DATN Full

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DATN Full

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PHIU GIAO NHIM V N TT NGHIP

TS. Phm Huy Hong

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

1.1. Cng ngh 3G H thng IMT - 2000

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Dch v vin thng

Dch v a phng tin

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Phn loi a phng tin

Dch v chi tit ( 2Mbps)

Bng 1.1 : Phn loi cc dch v ca IMT - 2000

1.2. Qu trnh pht trin ca 3G

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

CDMA 2000, W-CDMA

Bng1. 2: Cc h thng thng tin di ng

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Hnh 1.6: Lch trnh nghin cu pht trin trong 3GPP

1.3. Cc tiu chun cng ngh ca 3G

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Location based service

Hnh 2.1: Cng ngh trong h thng LBS

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

2.2.ng dng ca LBS

Hnh 2.3: Nhng yu cu ngi dng lin quan n v tr a l

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Hnh 2.6 : V d v dch v dn ng LBS

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

2.3.M hnh hot ng ca LBS

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

2.4.Cc phng php xc nh v tr v chnh xc

Bng 2.1 :Nhng c tnh ca phng php cell-ID

Ch thch chnh xc ph thuc vo mt , v tr BTS

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Tnh tng thch

Hnh 2.12. Nguyn l hot ng ca A-GPS

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Kh nng m Tt rng Tnh thch tng Tt

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

E-OTD Trung bnh

Kh nng m rng Tt Tt Tt Trung bnh

Hnh 2.13 : Cc phng php xc nh v tr

2.5.Nhng yu cu ca mt h thng LBS

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Cng ngh J2ME

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Ram Rom Ngun nng lng Network

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Hnh 3.5: Vng i ca mt MIDP

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

3.2. Cc thnh phn giao din mc cao ca ng dng MIDP

3.3. Cc thnh phn giao din mc thp ca ng dng MIDP

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT

Sinh vin thc hin : Mnh H K50 MTT