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Chng XI

Phn tch nhit

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XI.1/ X l ban u.
Trong chng ny, chng ta s m t chi tit mt phn tch nhit. Hai mc ch: Lp li cc bc phn tch in hnh c gii thiu trong chng 4. Gii thiu cc ti nhit v cc iu kin bin. a- Hnh hc : C th c to trn ANSYS hoc nhp vo. Bao gm cc chi tit ci thin cc kt qu: Mc tiu l m hnh ha tho ng khi lng nhit ca kt cu. Cc ti i lu i hi cc din tch c m hnh ha hp l. Cc ti do sinh nhit i hi cc th tch m hnh ha hp l. b- Chia li : Kiu phn t Cc kiu phn t nhit thng dng nm trong bng di y. DOF nt l: TEMP (nhit ). Cc kiu phn t nhit thng c s dng Khi 2D Tuyn tnh Bc hai PLANE55 PLANE77 PLANE35 Khi 3D SOLID70 SOLID90 SOLID87 V 3D SHELL57 Cc phn t ng LINK31,32,33,34

Cc thng s vt liu Yu cu ti thiu l Kx, dn nhit cho phn tch trng thi n nh. Nhit dung ring (C) s l cn thit nu p t sinh ni nhit. t la chn ban u l Thermal gii hn Material Model GUI ch hin th cc c trng v nhit. Cc hng s c trng Ch yu cn cho cc phn t v v cc phn t ng.

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c- Cc iu kin ti nhit c th l : Temperatures (Nhit ) Heat flow (Dng nhit) Heat flux (Thng lng nhit) Convections (i lu) Heat generation (Sinh nhit) Adiabatic surfaces (Mt on nhit) Radiation (Bc x) Cc min ca m hnh bit nhit . Cc im ca m hnh bit tc dng nhit. Cc mt ca m hnh bit tc dng nhit trn mt n v din tch. Cc mt nhit c truyn sang vng ln cn nh i lu. u vo bao gm h s mng h (film coefficient) v nhit khi (bulk temperature) ca vng ln cn TB. Cc vng ca m hnh bit tc sinh nhit th tch. Cc b mt hon ton cch nhit tc l khng c s truyn nhit. Cc b mt ti s truyn nhit xut hin nh bc x. D liu u vo bao gm pht x, hng s Stefan-Boltzmann, v c th (tu chn) nhit ti mt nt khng gian.
B

XI.2/ Gii.
a- H ta nt. Khng ging nh cc iu kin bin v chuyn v v lc trong phn tch kt cu, cc iu kin bin v nhit v dng nhit trong cc phn tch nhit khng ph thuc vo h to nt. b- Cc rng buc \v nhit Dng xc nh nhit bit trong m hnh. p t cc rng buc chuyn v : Solution>-Loads-Apply>Temperature o Chn v tr mun t iu kin rng buc. o Chn cc thc th lin quan trn mn hnh ha. o Sau nhp gi tr nhit . Gi tr mc nh l 0. Hoc s dng h lnh D: DK, DL, DA, D.

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c- Dng nhit tp trung (Concentrated Heat Flow). p t dng nhit, cn c cc thng tin sau: Ch s nt hoc im (c th xc nh bng cch nhp chut). ln ca dng nhit (gi tr ny phi ph hp vi h n v ang s dng). S dng: Solution>-Loads-Apply>Heat Flow. Hoc cc lnh FK hoc F.

d- Thng lng nhit (Heat Flux). p t thng lng nhit : Solution>-Loads-Apply>Heat flux. o Chn la v tr mun t thng lng nhit, thng thng trn cc mt i vi cc m hnh 2D, trn cc th tch i vi cc m hnh 3D. o Chn cc thc th lin quan trong mn hnh ho. o Sau nhp cc gi tr thng lng nhit. Hoc s dng h cc lnh SF: SFL, SFA, SFE, SF.

d- i lu. t ti i lu: Solution>-Loads-Apply>Convection o Chn v tr cn t ti i lu, thng thng trn cc ng i vi cc m hnh 2D, trn cc mt i vi cc m hnh 3D. o Chn cc thc th lin quan trong mn hnh ho. o Sau nhp gi tr h s mng v nhit khi. Hoc s dng h cc lnh SF: SFL, SFA, SFE, SF.
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e- Sinh nhit. p t ti do sinh nhit: Solution>-Loads-Apply>Heat Generation o Chn v tr cn p t ti do sinh nhit, thng thng trn cc mt i vi cc m hnh 2D, trn cc th tch i vi cc m hnh 3D. o Chn cc thc th lin quan trn mn hnh ho. o Sau nhp cc gi tr ti do sinh nhit. Hoc s dng h cc lnh BF: BFL, BFA, BFE, BF.

f- Cc b mt on nhit. Cc b mt cch ly hon ton: khng c s truyn nhit qua chng . y l iu kin mc nh, tc l bt k mt no khng c cc iu kin bin xc nh s c t ngem l b mt on nhit. g- Thay i v xa cc ti trng. thay i gi tr ti trng, ch cn t li ti vi gi tr mi. xo cc ti trng: Solution>-Loads-Delete> Khi chng ta xo cc ti trong m hnh hnh hc, ANSYS cng t ng xo tt c cc ti phn t hu hn tng ng.
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h- Cc ty chn li gii. Phn tch trng thi bnh n (Steady State) v phn tch tc thi (Transient) : Phn tch trng thi bnh n gi thit rng cc iu kin ti bnh n dn (settled down) ti mc bnh n, t ph thuc hoc khng ph thuc vo thi gian. Phn tch tc thi: cc iu kin thay i theo thi gian. V d, xt mt o bng st t c nhit khng i trong 1 pht. Phn tch o bng st trong 1 pht u tin l bi ton transient. Sau khi nhit t gi tr hng th php phn tch tr thnh steady state.

XI.3/ X l kt qu.

Cc kt qu cn xem xt ca phn tch nhit thng thng bao gm: Phn b nhit . Phn b gradient nhit. Phn b dng nhit.

a- Phn b nhit d. v cc ng ng mc nhit General Postproc>Plot Results>Nodal Solution>Temperature. Hoc s dng lnh PLNSOL.

b- Gradient nhit. v cc ng ng mc gradient nhit General Postproc>Plot Results>Nodal Soluhoc lnh PLNSOL. General Postproc>Plot Results>Element Solhoc lnh PLNSOL.
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c- Dng nhit. v cc ng ng mc dng nhit General Postproc>Plot Results>Nodal Soluhoc lnh PLNSOL. General Postproc>Plot Results>Element Solhoc lnh PLNSOL.

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d- Cc phn lc. Tng ca cc dng nhit phn lc phi cn bng vi tng cc dng nhit t vo. Cch tt nht xem l lit k: General Postprocessor>List Results>Reaction Solutionhoc lnh PRRSOL.

c- Kim tra kt qu. Lun cn tin hnh kim tra bn cht vt l m bo rng li gii l kh d. Nhng thng s cn kim tra ph thuc vo kiu bi ton, chng hn mt vi cu hi cn phi tr li l: Li gii FEA c ph hp vi kt qu tnh tay hay kt qu thc nghim khng? Li gii cho trng chuyn v c ng khng? Trc ht cn kim tra li gii nhit FEA v cc dng nhit FEA l cc kt qu dn sut. Cc dng nhit ngc c cn bng vi cc dng nhit p t khng? Dng nhit ln nht nm v tr no? Nu n 1 v tr khng xc nh, v d nh im t ti hoc 1 gc lm, th gi tr thng l v ngha. (Chng ta xt chi tit trong chng 5) Li FEA c ph hp khng? y lun l mt vn c tranh lun, nhng t nht l ta c th tin tng vo li chia bng cch s dng gi tr c lng li chia li ca ANSYS (s trnh by chi tit trong chng 14). Cc cch khc kim tra tnh ph hp ca li.

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o Hin th li gii phn t (ng sut khng b trung bnh ha) v xc nh nhng phn t c gradient thng lng nhit cao. Nhng vng ny s cn chia li mn hn. o Nu c mt s khc bit ng k gia cc ng ng mc thng lng nhit nt (c trung bnh ha) v cc ng ng mc thng lng nhit phn t (khng c trung bnh ha) th c th l li c chia qu th. o Nu c mt s khc bit ng k gia ha Power v ha y ca thng lng nhit th c th l li c chia qu th. o Chia li li vi gp i s phn t, tnh li v so snh kt qu. (Khng phi lc no cng ng dng c).

XI.4/ Bi tp.
a- Phn tch nhit :ng i xng trc vi phn nhnh. M t : Mt ng vi nhnh lm lnh c phn tch phn b nhit v dng nhit di cc iu kin ti. M hnh l i xng trc. V th, ch c mt phn mt ct ngang ng c m hnh ha, cnh di ca m hnh chu iu kin i xng.

Ti :
Nhit T1 = 80 oC Nhit T2 = 10 oC

Cnh i xng

1. Khi ng ANSYS, ch ra th mc lm vic v jobname l pipe-th. 2. t kiu phn tch nhit : Main Menu > Preferences o Chn nhn Thermal v [OK]. 3. c file pipe-th.inp to m hnh 2D i xng trc v ch nh cc khong chia li trn cc cnh.
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Utility Menu > File > Read Input from o Chn pipe-th.inp v [OK]. Hoc dng lnh: /INPUT, pipe-th.inp 4. Chn kiu phn t PLANE55 v t keyopt(3) = axisymmetric. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete o [Add] o Chn Thermal Solid v Quad 4node 55 ri [OK] o [Option] o t K3 = Axisymmetric v [OK] o [Close] Hoc dng lnh: ET, 1, PLANE55, , , 1 5. c thuc tnh vt liu thp khng g 304 t th vin vt liu. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Library > Import Library o Chn SI v [OK] o Chn Stl_AISI-304.SI_MPL v [OK]

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6. Chia li c qui tc cho m hnh vi cc phn t t gic 2D. Main Menu > Preprocessor > MeshTool o Chn [Set] ca nhn Global trong mc Size Controls. o SIZE = 0.25/2 v [OK] o Chn Mapped v [OK] o [Pick All] o [Close] Hoc dng lnh: MSHAPE, 0, 2D MSHKEY, 1 ESIZE, 0.25/2 AMESH, ALL

7. p t ti nhit cho m hnh. Main Menu > Solution > -Loads- Apply > -Thermal- Temperature > On Lines +

o Chn bn ng ngoi (s 6, 3, 9, 2) v [OK] o t VALUE = 10 ri [Apply] o Chn hai ng trong (s 13, 4) v [OK] o t VALUE = 80 ri [OK] Utility Menu > Plot > Multi-Plots Hoc dng lnh: /SOLU DL,6, ,TEMP,10,1 DL,3, ,TEMP,10,1 DL,9, ,TEMP,10,1
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DL,2, ,TEMP,10,1 DL,13, ,TEMP,80,1 DL,4, ,TEMP,80,1 GPLOT 8. Ghi li c s d liu v gii. n nt SAVE_DB trn thanh cng c (hoc : Utility Menu > File > Save as Jobname.db) Main Menu > Solution > -Solve-Current LS Hoc dng lnh: SAVE /SOLU SOLVE 9. Khai thc kt qu. Main Menu > General Postproc > Hoc dng lnh: /POST1 9a. Hin th trng nhit . Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > -Contour PlotNodal Solu o Chn DOF solution v Temperature TEMP ri [OK] Hoc dng lnh: /POST1 PLNSOL, TEMP

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9b. V phn b dng nhit. Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > -Contour PlotNodal Solu o Chn Flux & gradient v Thermal flux TFSUM ri [OK] Hoc dng lnh: PLNSOL, TF, SUM

9c. V gradient nhit. Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > -Contour PlotNodal Solu o Chn Flux & gradient v Thermal grad TGSUM ri [OK] Hoc dng lnh: PLNSOL, TG, SUM

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10. Ghi li v thot khi ANSYS. n nt QUIT trn thanh cng c (hoc : Utility Menu>File>Exit) o Chn Save Everything o [OK] Hoc dng lnh: FINISH /EXIT, ALL

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