Do An Mon Hoc Mach Den Giao Thong 4504 4036

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Li ni u
Ngy nay, s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc cng ngh, cuc sng ca con
ngi c nhng thay i ngy cng tt hn, vi nhng trang thit b hin i phc
v cng cuc cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc. c bit gp phn vo s pht
trin th ngnh k thut in t gp phn khng nh trong s nghip xy dng v
pht trin t nc. Nhng thit b in,in t c pht trin mnh m v c
ng dng rng ri trong i sng cng nh sn sut. T nhng thi gian u pht trin
KTS cho thy s u vit ca n v cho ti ngy nay tnh u vit ngy cng c
khng nh thm. Nhng thnh tu ca n c th bin c nhng ci tng chng
nh khng th thnh nhng ci c th, gp phn nng cao i sng vt cht v tinh thn
cho con ngi.
gp phn lm sng t hiu qu ca nhng ng dng trong thc t ca mn
KTS chng em sau mt thi gian hc tp c cc thy c gio trong khoa ging dy
v cc kin thc chuyn nghnh, ng thi c s gip nhit tnh ca thy o
Vn , cng vi s l lc ca bn thn, chng em thit k v ch to m hnh
iu khin n giao thng ng t nhng do thi gian, kin thc v kinh nghim
ca chng em cn c hn nn s khng th trnh khi nhng sai st . Chng em rt
mong c s gip & tham kho kin cu thy c v cc bn nhm ng gp pht
trin thm ti.
Hng yn, thng 04 nm 2010
Nhm sinh vin thc hin:
L Vn Tun
Loi Vn Tun
Nguyn Mnh Tun
1
2
Gio vin hng dn: o Vn

Nhm sv thc hin: L Vn Tun-Loi Vn Tun-Nguyn Mnh Tun
TrngHSPKTHngYn
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3
4 NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN
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Hng yn, ngy thng 04 nm 2010.

Gio vin hng dn
o Vn
TrngHSPKTHngYn
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NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

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Hng Yn ngy thng 04 nm 2010
Gio vin phn bin
5
6

TrngHSPKTHngYn
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7
8 TNG THT K
Mch iu khin dn n giao thng ti ng t u tin xe c gii, ti cc gc
ng, n s c b tr nh hnh v di y. Mi gc ca ng t ng s gm
mt b n xanh, vng dnh cho xe c gii v ng thi c led hin
th thi gian m ngc dnh cho xe c gii ngi i xe tin quan st. Hng chiu
ca cc n v hng i li trn ng s c m t nh hnh v.
Chiu mi tn nh ch hng chiu ca n v ngi tham gia giao thng s i

theo hng mi tn m nm trn ng v s phi quan st b n giao thng gn
nht bn tay phi lm ch dn giao thng.

TrngHSPKTHngYn
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Khi cc n lm nhim v iu khin giao thng th cc b n i din nhau s

c cng trng thi v mu n. Cn cc b n ng k st s ngc l i v mu
n. V d nh b n nhnh ny c mu xanh, vng, th n nhnh bn cnh s
c mu , vng, xanh, vic thit k n vng sng gia n xanh v n l bo
cho phng tin giao thng bit l sp c s chuyn i gia hai n mu xanh v n
mu .
Do vy, v c bn n iu khin giao thng ti ng t c chia lm hai dn:
dn n 1 v dn n 2.
Ngoi ra mch cn c thit k hai ch lm vic ban ngy v ban m.
ch lm vic ban ngy, cc n led s hot ng bnh thng. Cn ch ban
m s ch c mt n vng nhp nhy theo xung nhp a vo.Hai ch c thit
lp chuyn mch bng cng tc.

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9
10 Chng I: C S L THUYT
I- Cc cng logic c bn
1. Php ton OR v cng OR
a. Php ton OR hay cn c gi l php cng logic.
+ Hm OR (hm hoc): y = x1 + x2
+ Bng chn l:
x1
x2
X
X21
-
Mch in minh ho quan h logic OR
+ M rng cho trng hp tng qut c n bin:
y = x1 + x2 + . + xn.
Mch in thc hin quan h logic OR c gi l cng OR.

b. Cng OR:
+ nh ngha: L mch c t hai u vo tr ln v c u ra bng t hp or cc bin u
vo.
+ Gin thi gian:
x1
x2
y
+ K hiu logic:
X1
X2
X1
X2
X1
X2

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+ Mch in dng it bn dn:

in p st trn it khi phn
0V
+3V x
y +2.3V
-0.7V
x2
cc thun l 0.7V.
R0
Khi Vx1 = Vx2 = 0V th
E=-12V
Vy = 0V 0.7V = -0.7V.
Khi Vx1 = 0V, Vx2 = 3V hoc Vx1 = 3V, Vx2 = 0V th Vy = 3V 0.7V = 2.3V (do 2 it c
katt ni chung nn ant no c in th cao hn s dn in mnh hn lm cho it kia
chu phn cc ngc v trng thi ngt h mch).
Khi Vx1 = Vx2 = 3V th Vy = 3V 0.7V = 2.3V.
Nu c n u vo th mc n it tng t nh trn.
2. Php ton AND v cng AND
a. Php ton AND hay cn c gi l php nhn logic.
+ Hm AND (hm v): y = x1.x2
+Bng chn l:
x1
x2
X1 X2
Mch
in minh
ho quan h logic AND

+ M rng cho trng hp tng qut c n bin:
y = x1 . x2 . . xn..
Mch in thc hin quan h logic AND c gi l cng AND.

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b. Cng AND
+ nh ngha: L mch c t hai u vo tr ln v mt u ra bng t hp AND cc bin
u vo.
+ Gin thi gian:
x1
x2
y
+ K hiu logic:
x2
X2
&
+ Mch in dng it bn dn:

in p st trn it khi phn cc thun l 0.7V.
Khi Vx1 = Vx2 = 0V th
E=+12V
Vy = 0V + 0.7V = 0.7V.
R0
Khi Vx1 = 0V, Vx2 = 3V

hoc Vx1 = 3V, Vx2 = 0V th
0V
+3V x
x2
y +3.7V
+0.7V
Vy = 0V + 0.7V = 0.7V (do 2 it c ant ni chung nn katt no c in th thp hn s

dn in mnh hn lm cho it kia chu phn cc ngc v trng thi ngt h mch).
Khi Vx1 = Vx2 = 3V th Vy =3V + 0.7V=3.7V.
Nu c n u vo th mc n it tng t.
3. Php ton NOT v cng NOT
a. Php ton NOT hay cn c gi php o hay php ph nh
+ Hm NOT (hm o): y = x

TrngHSPKTHngYn
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+ Bng chn l:
X
R
x
Mch in minh ho quan h logic NOT:
Mch in thc hin quan h logic NOT c gi l cng NOT.

b. Cng NOT
+ nh ngha: L mch c duy nht mt u vo v mc logic u ra lun ngc vi
mc logic u vo.
+ Gin thi gian:
+ K hiu logic:
x
y
y
+ Mch in:
Trong cng NOT, tranzito lm vic ch ng m. Khi x mc thp th T ngt

h mch, y mc cao. Khi x
Vcc=+12V
E Q =2.5V
mc cao th T thng bo ho, y

mc thp. Tc dng ca ngun
m EB l m bo T ngt h
mch tin cy khi x mc thp.
EQ v DQ c tc dng gi mc
0.3
V
3.2
R1
xV
R2
Rc
DQ
3.2
y
V
0.3
V
VB=-12V
cao u ra gi tr quy nh.

TrngHSPKTHngYn
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4. Hm NOR (khng hoc: NOT - OR)

x1
x2
+ Hm logic: y = x1 + x2
+ Bng chn l:
+ K hiu logic:
X1
X1
X2
X2
X1
X2
+ Trong trng hp tng qut nu n bin ta cng c:

10.1 y = x1 + x2 + ... + x n
10.2
II- Cc b m
1. c im v phn loi b m.
a) c im.
m l kh nng nh c s xung u vo; mch in thc hin thao tc m
gi l b m. S xung m c biu din di cc dng s nh phn hoc thp
phn.
m l mt thao tc rt quan trng, c s dng rt rng ri trong thc t, t
cc thit b o ch th s n cc my tnh in t s. Bt k h thng s hin i no
cng c b m.
b) Phn loi.
C 3 cch phn loi.
10
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+ Cn c vo tc ng ca xung u vo ngi ta chia lm 2 loi

- B m ng b.
- B m d b.
B m ng b c c im l xung Clock u c a ng thi n cc FF.
B m d b th xung Clock ch c a vo FF u tin, cn cc FF tip theo th ly
tn hiu ti u ra ca FF pha trc thay cho xung Clock.
+ Cn c vo h s m ngi ta phn chia thnh cc loi:
- B m nh phn.
- B m thp phn.
- B m Modul bt k.
Nu gi n l s k s trong m nh phn (tng ng vi s FF c trong b m)
th dung lng ca b m l N = 2 n . i vi b m thp phn th N = 10 l trng
hp c bit ca b m N phn.
N l dung lng ca b m hoc c th ni l di m ca b m, hoc
h s m.
+ Cn c vo s m tng hay gim di tc dng ca xung u vo ngi ta chia ra
lm 3 loi:
- B m thun (Up Counter).
- B m nghch (Down Cuonter).
- B m thun nghch.(Up/Down).
2. Mt s b m s dng trong ti
2.1 B m nh phn:
H m nh phn c cu trc bi cc trig, cc trng thi ng ra c xc lp
di dng m nh phn biu th bng cc trng thi 0 v 1.
2.1.1 B m nh phn khng ng b (m ni tip):
a) Khi nim: l b m m cc trig mc ni tip vi nhau, li ra trig trc c

ni vi li vo ca trig sau.

11
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b) c im: xung CLK khng c a ng thi vo cc trig m ch c a vo

v lm chuyn trng thi ca trig u tin, li ra ca trig trc lm chuyn trng
thi ca trig lin sau n.
c) Phn loi: trong m nh phn khng ng b c cc loi sau:
m tin (Up counter):
- S :
Gii thch s : y l s m nh phn khng ng b 4 bt m thun

+ Mun xo: Pr=1, CLR=0. Mun t: Pr=0, CLR=1
+ b m lm vic t mc lgic J=K=1 ;CLR=1
+ Xung nhp tc ng vo trig c trng s nh nht v tc ng bi sn m
nn khi CLK chuyn t 1 v 0 th lp tc u ra Q1=1; Q2, Q3, Q4=0

Trig 2 thay i trng thI khi Q1 chuyn t 1 v 0
Trig 3 thay i trng thI khi Q2 chuyn t 1 v 0
Trig 4 thay i trng thI khi Q3 chuyn t 1 v
m li(up/down):
-S :

12
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- Gii thch:
Ta thy b m ngc ch khc b m thun ch li ra Q(o) ca trig tr c
c ni vo CLK ca trig sau nn trig sau s chuyn trng thi khi trig trc n
chuyn t 1 v 0
B m thun ngc tu :
c mt b m va thun va ngc ta thm mt u vo iu khin tin li

UP/DOWN.
- S :
- Gii thch:
* m tin :khi cho li vo Iu khin tin li U/D=1 li ra Q ca trig trc ni vi
CKL ca trig tip theo .S tng ng nh hnh 1.1
* m li: khi cho li vo iu khin U/D=0 li ra Q(o) ca trig trc ni vi CLK
ca trig tip theo .S nh hnh 1.2
13
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d) u nhc, im ca b m khng ng b :
- u im: n gin do i hi t linh kin
- Nhc im :Tc ng chm v thi gian tr kh ln do mi trig hot ng nh
s chuyn trng thi ti u ra ca trig trc n.
2.1.2 B m nh phn ng b (m song song)

- Khi nim : l b m m xung nhp c kch ng thi vo tt c cc trig
- S :
- Nguyn l lm vic:
iu kin cho cc trig JK hot ng:
- u vo J = K = 1
- Xung CLK phi lt trng thi t 1 v 0
- u vo Reset = 1
To mc logic CE0 = 1 (5V)

Ti thi im ban u CLK nhy t 1 v 0, lp tc u ra Q1 = 1, do
CE0 = 1 cc CE u bng 01 nn cc u ra khc gi nguyn trng thi Qi = 0
CE1 = 1 t iu kin cho trig JK th 2 hot ng.
14
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Khi xung CLK nhy t 1 v 0, th lp tc Q 1 nhy t 1 v 0 khi Q2 c

iu kin hot ng lp tc nhy ln mc 1 cn cc Q1 khc gi nguyn trng thi
c.
CE2 = 1 t iu kin cho trig JK th 3 hot ng v lp tc nhy ln 1.

Nh vy trig JK ch lt trng thi khi trig JK cp thp hn n lt trng thi
t 1 v 0 cc xung CLK c a vo song song cc trig JK. Cho nn b m s
m tun t.
Xt tng dung lng b m:
Khi cn m s lng xung ln hn 15, ngi ta khng ko di thm trig vo sau
trig s 4 m ghp tng nhm 4 trig. Vic ghp lin tip cc b m 4 bit phI dng
tn hiu nh E v CE, cc tn hiu ny c to bng cc mch logic ph.
u nhc im ca b m ng b so vi b m khng ng b:
Trong mt b m ng b mi trig s thay i trng thI ng thi, ngha l
chng c ng b ho theo theo mc tch cc ca xung nhp. Do khng ging nh
b m khng ng b, nhng khong tr do truyn s khng c cng li vi nhau
m n ch bao gm thi gian tr ca mt trig cng vi thi gian dnh cho cc mc
logic mi truyn qua mt cng AND.
Thi gian tr l nh nhau bt k b m c bao nhiu trig. Ni chung l thi gian
tr b hn nhiu so vi b m khng ng b. Do , b m ng b c th hot
ng tn s cao hn, d nhin mch in ca b m khng ng b phc tp hn.
2.2 B m thp phn m BCD:
Vi b m modul 16, khi ht xung th 16 th Q DQCQBQA=0000. Mun c b m
modul 10 th n xung th 10 ta c QDQCQBQA=0000. Chng ta bit vi b m modul
16 n xung th 10 th QDQCQBQA = 1010, c c QDQCQBQA = 0000 th phi dp
hai s 1 i. Mun vy ta phI a hai li ra Q D v QB (c gi tr l 1 cn dp i) vo
hai li vo ca mt cng NAND. xy dng b m thp phn c k 10 phi dng t
nht 4FF.
a) S ca b m BCD khng ng b m tin:
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b) Gii thch s :
S gm 4 trig ghp ni tip vi nhau. Ly trng thi 10 a quay tr v reset
cc trig. u vo J=K=1 a ng thi vo cc trig, xung CLK c a vo trig c
u ra c trng s nh nht ri ly u ra lm xung cho trig tip theo c u ra c
trng s nh hn. V y l b m 10 (1010) nn c 6 trng thi khng xc nh. Ta ly
u ra QB v QD cho qua cng NAND ri cng CLK qua mt cng AND vo reset. Cng
AND gip ta xo b m v 0 ti thi im bt k.
+ B m BCD khng ng b m li ch cn ni Q(o) vi CLK.
+ B m BCD ng b th xung CLK c a ng thi vo cc trig (tng t b
m nh phn).
c). Cc vi mch ng dng:
- Cc vi mch h TTL: 7490, 74160, 74162, 74168, 74176, 74190, 74192, 74196,
74293, 74490.
- Cc vi mch h CMOS: 4029, 40102, 4534, 4518, 40162, 40192
3. Cc vi mch ng dng:
- Cc vi mch m nh phn h TTL: 7493, 7490,74163, 74193, 74192.
- Cc vi mch m nh phn h CMOS: 4020, 4024, 4040, 4060, 4516, 4520, 4521,
4526, 4727, 40103, 40161, 40163, 40193.
16
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*Xt IC 7493:
Hnh dng bn ngoi

S khi:
NC
14
13
12
11
10
7493
1
NC
NC
NC
CLR1
CLR2
CLK1
14
CLK2
+5v
IC 7493
CTR.DIV
DIV2
DIV8
12
Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
11
S khi ca IC7493
N gm hai mch c th hot ng c lp nhau: Mt mch chia i tn s

(DIV2) vi u vo l CLK1 v u ra l Q 0; mt mch chia 8 tn s, vi u vo l
CLK2 v u ra l Q3 s c dy xung vung gc lp vi tn s f th y ra Q 3 s c
dy xung vung gc tn s f/8. Mch DIV.8 cng c th s dng nh b m khng
ng b nh phn 3 bt. Xung m dn vo CLK2, s nh phn ca ra l Q 3Q2Q1(Q1 c
trng s thp nht -20, Q3 c trng s cao nht -22).
IC 7493 c th s dng lm b m nh phn 3 bt (b m modul 8). N cng c

th ding lm b m nh phn khng ng b 4 bit, vi u vo xung m t CLK1,

17
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s nh phn ca ra l Q3Q2Q1Q0 (Q0 c trng s 20, Q3 c trng s 23) v u Q0 phI

ni vi CLK2.
C th s dng IC 7493 lm cc b chia 2, chia 8 v chia 16 tn s.
Hai u CLR1, CLR2 l hai u xo. Khi CLR1= CLR2=1 logic th u ra b xo.
Vy mch hot ng phi ni mass hai u ny (CLR1=CLR2 = 0 logic).
* Vi mch 74192,74193 :
CLR
UP
DOWN
Load
12
CO
5
14
11
CTR
13
BO
15
QA
QB
10
Qc
QD
74192
74193
IC 74192 l b m modul 10, IC 74193 l b m nh phn 4 bit (modul 16). C hai
IC c v v cch b tr chn hon ton ging nhau. IC 74192, 74193 c hai u vo m
UP v DOWN. Nu xung m a vo UP (cn u vo DOWN t gi tr 1 logic) th
b m s m thun. Ngc li, nu xung u vo DOWN (cn UP = 1 logic), b
m s m ngc. Nu ng thi c hai dy xung a vo u vo UP v DOWN th
mch s hot ng theo cach m thun, nghch.
Mch c u CLR (CLEAR) xo ni dung b m. Khi CLR = 1 logic, b
m b xo. Vy, mch c th m c th phI t CLR = 0 logic v Load =1
logic.
18
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Cc u ra BO, CO c quan h logic vi cc u vo/ra khc nh sau:

BO = DOWN .QA.QB.Qc.QD
CO = UP.QA.QD ( IC 74192)
CO =UP.QA.QB.QC.QD ( IC 74193)
Ta thy khi m ngc th CO lun bng 0 logic (v UP = 1logic), cn u ra BO

ch nhy t gi tr 1 logic xung 0 logic khi ni dung b m gim xung s 0 (Q A = QB
= QC = QD = 0) v khng c xung m u vo DOWN, lc m thun th ngc li
u BO lun bng 1 logic ; u ra CO ch nhy t 1 logic xung 0 logic khi b m
t ti dung lng ca n Nmax=15 vi IC 74193 v khng c xung u vo UP.
III-Cc b gii m
11 1.B gii m hin th ch s

Thit k b gii m hin th cho LED 7 thanh vi tn hiu u vo l m BCD
(8421).
S khi :

19
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Hnh dng bn ngoi
Led ni anot chung:
Led ni catot chung:
Bng trng thi ca b gii m

D

20
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
nmnhc
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
2. B gii m BCD sang LED 7 thanh

2.1 Khi nim :
M nh phn BCD c chuyn sang thp phn v c hin th cc s thp phn
di dng 7 on sng , ng vi mi t hp xc nh cc thanh sng s hin th cho ta 1
s h thp phn.
2.2 S tng qut:
A
B
B gii
m
C
D
3.
Vi mch ng dng :
Trong thc t ngi ta ch to sn cc vi mch gii m nh phn ra 7 on:
Cc vi mch 7448, 74LS48, 7449, 74LS49 l cc IC gii m 7 on c li ra tc
ng mc cao ta c th dng chng gii m t m BCD ra thp phn quy lut hin

21
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th cc ch s thp phn ca cc vi mch ny v c bn ging nh bng chn l trn, ch

khc i cht l s 6 khng dng thanh a v s 9 khng dng thanh d.
Cc mch gii m 7 on 7447A, 74L47, 74S47 l cc vi mch 16 chn, s 6 v
s 9 ch c 5 thanh sng ging nh 7448, 7449. Vi mch c li ra tc ng thp (mc 0)
nn n ch th 7 on c ant chung.
Mch gii m MC 14495 cng l gii m nh phn ra 7 on. Vi mch 16 chn, c li
ra tc ng cao (mc 1) nn n ch th 7 on c katt chung. S 6 v s 9 c 6 thanh
sng, cc s thp phn: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 c hin th ging nh cc ch s trong
h thp lc phn. Trn hnh 4.23 minh ho s hin th ca cc n ch th s theo m 7
on khi n c dng vi mch gii m MC 14495.
Kho st vi vi mch 74247
- S vi mch
V3
5V
+V
V+
DISP1
V2
5V
+V
U1
74LS192
CP1 Q1
CP2 Q2
CPU
CPD
PL
MR
D3
D2
D1
D0
TCU
TCD
Q3
Q2
Q1
Q0
U2
74LS47
A3
A2
A1
A0
abcdefg.
g
f
e
d
c
b
a
test
RBI RBO
Gii thch s :

22
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
- Xung ca NE 555 c ni vi chn 4 hoc 5 ca IC 74192.(ty thuc vo h

m tin hay m li.Nu m tin th chn m li s c ni mass hoc
ni ln Vcc, ty theo tng mch, ty tng h loi IC khc nhau(LS hoc HC).
- Chn 14,15,1,10,9 ca IC 74192 c ni mass.
- Chn 3,2,6,7 ca IC 74192 tng ng vi Q0 ,Q1 ,Q2 ,Q3 c ni vi cc u
tng ng A0 ,A1 ,A2 ,A3 (tng ng cc chn 7,1,2,6) ca IC 7447.
- Cc chn 13,12,11,10,9,15,14 l cc u ra c ni vi cc chn a,b,c,d,e,g,f
ca LED 7 thanh.
LED 7 thanh dng loi Anot chung.
Bng trng thi
D
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
u vo
C
B
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
A
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
a
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
b
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
c
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
u ra
d
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
e
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
f
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
g
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
IV-B TO XUNG DAO NG (IC NE555 )

a.S chn

23
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
b.Cu to
IC NE555 N gm c 8 chn.
- chn s 1(GND): cho ni mase ly dng cp cho IC
- chn s 2(TRIGGER): ng vo ca 1 tn so p.mch so p dng cc transistor PNP.
Mc p chun l 2*Vcc/3.
- Chn s 3(OUTPUT): Ng ra .trng thi ng ra ch xc nh theo mc volt cao(gn
bng mc p chn 8) v thp (gn bng mc p chn 1)
- Chn s 4(RESET): dng lp nh mc trng thi ra. Khi chn s 4 ni masse th ng ra
mc thp. Cn khi chn 4 ni vo mc p cao th trng thi ng ra ty theo mc p trn
chn 2 v 6.
- Chn s 5(CONTROL VOLTAGE): dng lm thay i mc p chun trong IC 555 theo
cc mc bin p ngoi hay dng cc in tr ngoi cho ni mase. Tuy nhin trong hu
ht cc mch ng dng chn s 5 ni masse qua 1 t t 0.01uF -0.1uF, cc t c tc
dng lc b nhiu gi cho mc p chun n nh.
- Chn s 6(THRESHOLD) : l ng vo ca 1 tng so p khc .mch so snh dng cc
transistor NPN .mc chun l Vcc/3
- Chn s 7(DISCHAGER) : c th xem nh 1 kha in v chu iu khin bi tng
logic .khi chn 3 mc p thp th kha ny ng li.ngc li th n m ra. Chn 7 t
np x in cho 1 mch R-C lc IC 555 dng nh 1 tng dao ng .
- Chn s 8 (Vcc): cp ngun nui Vcc cp in cho IC.Ngun nui cp cho IC 555
trong khong t +5v +15v v mc ti a l 18v.

24
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
Chng II: Thit k mch iu khin n giao

thng
I- S khi mch in
5. S khi tng quan:
Mch iu khin n giao thng ng t v c bn gm cc khi:
Mch ngun
Mch chia tn
(mch m)

25
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
Mch iu khin n
nmnhc
Mch hin th
Chc nng cc khi :
2.
S khi ca mch gm 4 khi nh hnh :

-
Khi ngun : khi ny c nhim v cung cp ton b nng lng cho mch iu
khin .
Mch chia tn: c 80 xung ca NE555 to ra s cho ra 8 xung a n b

iu khin n giao thng v b hin th.
Mch iu khin n: ly xung iu khin t b chia tn v s sng ln lt

theo cc trng thi xanh - vng - trn hai ng s c tr ng thi ngc nhau
gia cc n.
Mch hin th: l cc led 7 thanh s c nhim v m li thi gian sng ca

cc n xanh - vng - cho ngi iu khin phng tin giao thng d dng
quan st v ch ng trong qu trnh iu khin phng tin.

26
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
S TON MCH
II- Mch ngun v mch to xung

1.Mch ngun
27
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
a) S mch in :
b) Phn tch mch in :
Mch ngun s dng bin p h th . S cp in p vo 220V , th cp in

p ra 12VAC .
- Sau chnh lu s dng n p bng IC h 78XX .( s dng IC 7805)

-
Nguyn tc hot ng nh sau:

Sau khi bin p h th xung 12VAC ti th cp c b chnh lu 2 na chu k
hnh cu chnh lu v in 1 chiu qua t lc ngun C 1 lm san bng bin gim

thnh phn xoay chiu cn li lm nh hng nhiu n ngun .. Ti u ra 2 ngun ta
s dng 2 t lc gt bt thnh phn xoay chiu sau khi chnh lu .Ngun 5V cung cp
cho ton b mch iu khin
2.Mch to xung
a) S mch:
28
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
b) Nguyn l hot ng
Cu to ca NE555 gm OP-amp so snh in p, mch lt v transistor x
in. Cu to ca IC n gin nhng hot ng tt. Bn trong gm 3 in tr
mc ni tip chia in p VCC thnh 3 phn. Cu to ny to nn in p
chun. in p 1/3 VCC ni vo chn dng ca Op-amp 1 v in p 2/3
VCC ni vo chn m ca Op-amp 2. Khi in p chn 2 nh hn 1/3 VCC,
chn S = [1] v FF c kch. Khi in p chn 6 ln hn 2/3 VCC, chn R
ca FF = [1] v FF c reset
Gii thch s dao ng:
K hiu 0 l mc thp bng 0V, 1 l mc cao gn bng VCC. Mch FF l loi RS Flipflop,
Khi S = [1] th Q = [1] v
= [ 0].
Sau , khi S = [0] th Q = [1] v

Khi R = [1] th
= [0].
= [1] v Q = [0].
Tm li, khi S = [1] th Q = [1] v khi R = [1] th Q = [0] bi v = [1], transisitor m

dn, cc C ni t. Cho nn in p khng np vo t C, in p chn 6 khng vt
qu V2. Do li ra ca Op-amp 2 mc 0, FF khng reset.

29
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
Giai on ng ra mc 1:
Khi bm cng tc khi ng, chn 2 mc 0.
V in p chn 2 (V-) nh hn V1(V+), ng ra ca Op-amp 1 mc 1 nn S = [1], Q
= [1] v
= [0]. Ng ra ca IC mc 1.
Khi = [0], transistor tt, t C tip tc np qua R, in p trn t tng. Khi nhn cng
tc ln na Op-amp 1 c V- = [1] ln hn V+ nn ng ra ca Op-amp 1 mc 0, S =
[0], Q v vn khng i. Trong khi in p t C nh hn V2, FF vn gi nguyn
trng thi .
Giai on ng ra mc 0:
Khi t C np tip, Op-amp 2 c V+ ln hn V- = 2/3 VCC, R = [1] nn Q = [0] v
[1]. Ng ra ca IC mc 0.
V
= [1], transistor m dn, Op-amp2 c V+ = [0] b hn V-, ng ra ca Op-amp 2
mc 0. V vy Q v
khng i gi tr, t C x in thng qua transistor.
Kt qu cui cng: Ng ra OUT c tn hiu dao ng dng sng vung, c chu k n

nh
III- Mch chia tn 80:10 to m iu khin n giao thng

30
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
1. S mch in:
2. Nguyn l hot ng:
Nguyn l hot ngca mch chia tn 80:10

T b nh thi NE555 s to ra xung vung, tc ng vo chn 14(CK) ca IC
2(74190) (y cng l IC m cho hng n v) Mc ch l c 80 xung vung t b
nh thi NE555 ta to ra c 8 xung ng vi 80s, a vo mch n giao thng.
Tn hiu QA, QB, QC, QD s c a n IC 3 (7432) trong c (Q B or QA) or (QC or
QD) u ra MW1 s cho ra mc 0 khi Q A= QB= QC= QD =0. ng thi lc b m
hng n v hin th s 0. Tn hiu t MW1 kch vo chn 1 ca IC4(7493). Khi b
m 8 hot ng t cc chn 9,8,11 ta ly c cc tn hiu QB, QC, QD cung cp cho
mch n giao thng.

31
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
IV- Thit k mch iu khin n

1. Mt s quy c:
Ta chia lm hai nhm n (ng I v ngII)
ng I: XI , VI, I .
ng II: XII , VII, II .
*Thi gian sng ca cc n nh sau:
ngI
XI : 30s
VI : 10s
I : 40s
ng II
II :40s
XII : 30s
VII : 10s
T bng ny ta thy thi gian i xe c gii bng tng thi gian ca n xanh v
n vng V= 30 + 10 = 40 s.
Tng s thi gian ca cc n ( xanh vng - ) = 30 + 10 + 40 = 80 s.
T ta s dng b m 8 trng thi cp tn hiu iu khin cho b iu
khin c bng trng thi nh sau:
( Mi trng thi 1 ca n s tng ng vi 10 s n sng)
Vi nhng quy c trn ta c bng trng thi sau:
QD
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
QC
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
QB
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
XI
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
VI
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
I
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
XII
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
VII
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
II
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
Cc u vo QB, QC ,QD c ly t u ra ca mch chia tn 80:10 to m iu

khin n giao thng.
Ta c cc bng rt gn ca cc u ra theo bng karnough nh sau.
Ta c: XI = 0,1,2
XII = 4,5,6

32
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
VI = 3 = BC D
VII = 7 = BCD
II = 0,1,2,3
I = 4,5,6,7
DC
00
01
DC
00
01
11 10
XI = D B + C D = D( B + C )
11 10
I = D
DC
00
01
XII = D B + DC = D( B + C )
1
1
DC
00
01
11 10
1
11 10
II = D
2. Mch iu khin n

33
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT

nmnhc
34
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
3..Mch n hin th thi gian ln ng I

35
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
4.Mch n hin th thi gian ln ng II

36
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
Mt trc ca bo mch

37
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
Mt sau ca bo mch

38
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
5. Nguyn l hot ng ca mch hin th thi gian sng ca n ng I v II:

Bit chu k n sng ca mi ng l T = 80s. Trong :
Xanh: 30s
Vng: 10s
: 40s
Theo bng trng thi b iu khin n (bng 1)
Thi gian
30s u
ng I
XI sng, VI, I tt;,
10s sau
VI sng, I, XI tt;
40s cui
I sng, XI, VI tt
ng II
II sng, XII, VII tt;
II sng, XII, VII tt
XII sng, II, VII tt
Bit :IC10 (74192) l b m 3 (hng chc).

IC11 (74192) l b m 2 (hng chc).
Khi XI sng :( XI or VI) qua IC15 (7432) th u ra ti chn 3 s cho ra mc 1, cp
xung CLR cho IC10. Khi y ch c b m 2 hot ng. Tn hiu m li c l y t
b chia xung, m u ra MW1 cp vo chn 4 (Down) ca IC10 v IC11. Khi ch c
b m 2 hot ng.
Hng chc hin th s 2, hng n v hin th s 9 Thi gian sng ca n XI l
t 29 00 s.
Khi n XI tt th VI sng:
+ ( XI or VI) qua IC15 th u ra ti chn 3 s cho ra mc 1, to xung CLR vo b
m 2.
+( VI or I) qua IC15 th u ra ti chn 6 s cho ra mc 1, to xung CLR vo b
m 3.
Khi ch cn b m li ca hng n v hot ng Thi gian sng ca VI l
9 0s; Khi VI tt th I tt: (I or VI) qua IC15 th u ra ti chn 6 s cho ra mc 1, to
xung CLR vo b m 2. Lc ch c IC10 hot ng: Hng chc hin th s 3, hng
n v hin th s 9.
39
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
Thi gian sng ca I l 39 00s.

Khi I tt th XI sng. Chu k sau ny lp li tng t chu k trc.
Vi ng II nguyn l hot ng tng t ng I. Ch khc l tr ng thi sng, t t
gia cc n l i lp nhau.
Mch n hin th quyn c u tin cho ngi i b sang ng:
Quyn c di chuyn ca ngi i b ngc li vi quyn c di chuyn ca xe
c gii.V vy ta ch cn u ni tn hiu n xanh ca ngi i b vi tn hiu n
ca xe c gii, v tn hiu n ca ngi i b vi tn hiu n xanh ca xe c gii
trn cng mt ln ng .
Ngoi ra mch c thit lp hai ch n ban ngy v ban m.Khi lm vic ch
ban ngy , cc n hot ng sng bnh thng. Cn khi lm vic ch ban m,
ton b h thng s b ct ngun.Ch cn n vng nhy theo xung nhp a vo, bo
hiu cho ngi tham gia giao thng bit c im giao gia ng t.
Chng III- HNG M RNG TI

40
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
1.Nhng kh khn gp phi khi thc hin:

Yu cu ca mch iu khin s dng ton b IC s.V vy vic trnh c xung
nhiu l vn rt kh khn mch c th hot ng c.
Mt s nguyn nhn:
- Cc mi hn khng c cht, cc ng mch khng c u do qu trnh thit k
gia cng mch.
- S dng ngun 5V cho ton b h thng bng my bin p (qua chnh lu v n p
ngun).Tuy nhin, xt p trn IC v led 7 thanh, dng cung cp ca ngun cho ton b
h thng khng ; do tn hiu n iu khin c th khng chuyn trng thi theo
ng trng thi ca b m, v cc n led hin th sng yu.
Cch khc phc : Nng dng cung cp cho mch bng cch thay th ngun cung
cp .(s dng b ngun mt chiu ca my vi tnh, ly in p u ra l 5V).
2.Hng m rng ti
Trn c s thit k mch iu khin n giao thng ng t, chng ta c th m rng
m hnh iu khin vi nhiu hng khc nh iu khin khu giao nhau ca nhiu ln
ng. cng ch l vic lin kt cc ct n tn hiu.Tn hiu cho php c i c a
ln ng ny (n xanh) cng lc l tn hiu dng li (n ) ca nhng ln ng
khc khng cng chiu, hng.
Ngoi ra ta cng c th thit k mt b in khin n giao thng u tin xe c
gii, hoc u tin cho tng ln ng theo cng chiu. u tin xe c gii so vi ngi
i b ngha l : thi gian ca xe c gii ln hn thi gian dnh cho ngi i b ( s
dng b chia tn).

41
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
Kt lun
Sau mt thi gian tm hiu v nghin cu v ti, Thit k, ch to m hnh
iu khin n giao thng dng k thut s. Qu trnh hon thnh khng th trnh
khi nhng s c nu trn.Cng vi s gip nhit tnh ca thy chng em
hon thnh ti. Qua y mt phn no cng gip bn c c hiu r v ng
dng ca k thut s trong thc t, ng thi hiu c nhng kin thc c bn ca
k thut s v chc nng ca cc vi mch. Trong nhng nm gn y cng ngh vi in
t pht trin rt mnh m s ra i cc vi mch vi mi kch thc, a dng v chc
nng vi gi thnh gim nhanh, kh nng lp trnh ngy cng cao mang li nhng
thay i su sc trong ngnh k thut in t , mch s nhng mc khc nhau
v ang thm nhp vo tt c cc thit b in t thng dng v chuyn dng. V vy s
ra i k thut s l c s cho ngnh k thut in t, k thut my tnh, tin hc
cun thuyt minh ny nhm p ng nhu cu tip cn vi vi mch s mc ch ng
dng trong thc t.
Qua qu trnh thit k, ch to khng th trnh khi nhng sai st v khuy t
im. V vy chng em rt mong c s ng gp kin ca cc thy c v bn c,
t chng em c th rt ra c nhng kinh nghim cho bn thn ng th i tm ra
nhng nhc im ca cun thuyt minh. Qua s gip quyn thuyt minh c
hon chnh hn, ti u hn .

42
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
Nhim v n mn hc
Thit k v ch to m hnh diu khin n giao thng .
1) Ni dung thuyt minh
Thuyt minh ti ( nu c tng thit k, phng n thc hin, c
s l thuyt, qu trnh thit k v thi cng mch, vn hnh v iu
khin)
Phi m bo tnh kh thi, hiu qu kinh t v kh nng ng dng.
Cc bn v thit k y v chnh xc.
Sn phm phi m bo tnh k thut, m thut v hot ng tt.
Kh nng p ng linh hot, chnh xc, hon thnh ng thi gian quy
nh.
Nu c hng pht trin v m rng ti

43
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Mch in t k thut s
Phm Ngc Thi .
2. K thut in t s
ng Vn Chuyt .
3. Thit k mch logc
Nguyn Thu Vn .
4. Kh c in
Nguyn Xun Ph T ng .
5. K thut s ng dung.
6. K thut s thc hnh
Hunh c Thng .
7. K thut s
Nguyn Thu Vn.
8. K Thut in t
Xun Th .
K thut mch in t
Phm Minh H

44
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
nmnhc
MC LC
Li ni u...............................................................................................................1
Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn...........................................................................2
Nhn
xt
ca
gio
phn
vin
bin.............................................................................3
tng thit k........................................................................................................4
Chng I C s l thuyt.......................................................................................6
I-
Cc cng logic c bn ........................................................................6
1. Php ton OR v cng OR............................................................6

2. Php ton AND v cng AND......................................................7
3. Php ton NOT v cng NOT.......................................................8
4. Hm NOR...................................................................................10
II-
Cc b m.......................................................................................10
1.c
im
phn
loi
m......................................................10
2.Mt s b m s dng trong
ti..............................................11
2.1B m nh phn.....................................................................11
2.1.1B m nh phn khng ng b.......................................11
2.1.2 B m nh phn ng b.................................................14
2.2 B m thp phn m BCD...................................................15
3. Cc vi mch ng dng.....................................................................16
III-
B gii m.........................................................................................20
1.B
gii
hin
th
ch
s.............................................................20
2.B gii m BCD sang Led 7 thanh................................................21
3.Vi mch ng dng.........................................................................22
IV- B to xung dao ng........................................................................24
45
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT
Chng
nmnhc
Thit
II-
mch
iu
khin
n .............................................................26
I-
S khi.........................................................................................26
II-
Mch
ngun
mch
to
xung.........................................................28
III-
Mch
chia
tn
to
80
10
iu
khin
n...................................31
IV-
Thit
mch
iu
khin..................................................................32
1.
Mt s quy c......................................................................32
2.
Mch iu khin n.............................................................34
3.
Mch
hin
th
ng
ln
I...............................................35
4.
Mch n hin th ln ng II.............................................36

Mt
trc
ca
bo
mch..........................................................37
Mt sau ca bo mch.............................................................38
5.
Chng
Nguyn l hot ng..............................................................39

III-
Hng
rng
ti.........................................................................41
1. Nhng
kh
khn
gp
phi
khi
thc
hin.....................................41
2. Hng m rng...........................................................................41
Kt lun..................................................................................................42
Ti liu tham kho .................................................................................43

46
TrngHSPKTHngYn
KhoaininT

nmnhc
47

Do An Mon Hoc Mach Den Giao Thong 4504 4036

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TrngHSPKTHngYn

Gio vin hng dn: o Vn

Hng yn, ngy thng 04 nm 2010.

NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

Gio vin hng dn: o Vn

Chiu mi tn nh ch hng chiu ca n v ngi tham gia giao thng s i

Gio vin hng dn: o Vn

Khi cc n lm nhim v iu khin giao thng th cc b n i din nhau s

Gio vin hng dn: o Vn

Mch in minh ho quan h logic OR

+ M rng cho trng hp tng qut c n bin:

Mch in thc hin quan h logic OR c gi l cng OR.

Gio vin hng dn: o Vn

+ Mch in dng it bn dn:

Khi Vx1 = Vx2 = 0V th

ho quan h logic AND

Mch in thc hin quan h logic AND c gi l cng AND.

Gio vin hng dn: o Vn

+ Mch in dng it bn dn:

Khi Vx1 = 0V, Vx2 = 3V

Vy = 0V + 0.7V = 0.7V (do 2 it c ant ni chung nn katt no c in th thp hn s

Gio vin hng dn: o Vn

Mch in minh ho quan h logic NOT:

Mch in thc hin quan h logic NOT c gi l cng NOT.

Trong cng NOT, tranzito lm vic ch ng m. Khi x mc thp th T ngt

mc cao th T thng bo ho, y

cao u ra gi tr quy nh.

Gio vin hng dn: o Vn

4. Hm NOR (khng hoc: NOT - OR)

+ Trong trng hp tng qut nu n bin ta cng c:

+ Cn c vo tc ng ca xung u vo ngi ta chia lm 2 loi

a) Khi nim: l b m m cc trig mc ni tip vi nhau, li ra trig trc c

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b) c im: xung CLK khng c a ng thi vo cc trig m ch c a vo

m tin (Up counter):

Gii thch s : y l s m nh phn khng ng b 4 bt m thun

nn khi CLK chuyn t 1 v 0 th lp tc u ra Q1=1; Q2, Q3, Q4=0

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c mt b m va thun va ngc ta thm mt u vo iu khin tin li

2.1.2 B m nh phn ng b (m song song)

To mc logic CE0 = 1 (5V)

Khi xung CLK nhy t 1 v 0, th lp tc Q 1 nhy t 1 v 0 khi Q2 c

CE2 = 1 t iu kin cho trig JK th 3 hot ng v lp tc nhy ln 1.

Hnh dng bn ngoi

N gm hai mch c th hot ng c lp nhau: Mt mch chia i tn s

IC 7493 c th s dng lm b m nh phn 3 bt (b m modul 8). N cng c

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s nh phn ca ra l Q3Q2Q1Q0 (Q0 c trng s 20, Q3 c trng s 23) v u Q0 phI

Cc u ra BO, CO c quan h logic vi cc u vo/ra khc nh sau:

Ta thy khi m ngc th CO lun bng 0 logic (v UP = 1logic), cn u ra BO

11 1.B gii m hin th ch s

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Hnh dng bn ngoi

Led ni anot chung:

Led ni catot chung:

Bng trng thi ca b gii m

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2. B gii m BCD sang LED 7 thanh

2.2 S tng qut:

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th cc ch s thp phn ca cc vi mch ny v c bn ging nh bng chn l trn, ch

Kho st vi vi mch 74247

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