M n lin, thng c gi l m tm, thc cht n chng c con tm, ming tht no trong c hoc nu c th ch l hnh v hoc cht

t nc v tm, u tm ph liu ca ngnh cng nghip thy sn. Thnh phn m n lin: - Bt m (98 - 99%), c khi trn ln mt t bt ng cc khc hay khoai c. - Gi bt nm m ch yu l mui, m chnh (monosodium glutamat) rt mn. - Gi sa t (du c + gia v ti, tiu...) hoc gi hnh phi. - Du m chin m (thng l shortening: loi acid bo trans). V mt li ch: m n lin c ch bin rt tin li (ch cn ch nc si vo l c ngay t m v tht), thm ngon, c th ni ai n cng thch, nhng l v gic ca con ngi b phnh la bi m chnh (bt ngt) l cht c v ngt ca tht m mun cho c v ngt tht th phi cho thm tht nhiu mui (NaCl) n mi to ra v tht. V gi tr dinh dng: m n lin ch yu cung cp cht bt t bt m v 9% cht m thc vt - cng t bt m, nu trn khoai ty vo th m rt km (v khoai ty ch cha 1 - 2% protein thi). Protein ng vt k nh khng c (hnh v hoc ch thm mi vin tht c bng ht tiu trong gi hnh phi!). Gi tr dinh dng ca m n lin l khng cn bng v thiu m ng vt v sinh t t rau qu ti. Chng nhng th m m n lin cn rt mt cn bng v lng bt ngt v mui qu nhiu! Nu bn n ht tt c nhng g trong mt gi m n lin, k c gi bt nm v nc dng th c bui sau bn c th b tiu m khng hay! B tiu th c th khng c gii c, nu n m tm thng xuyn th bn s b ng c v t i tiu... Ci nguy hi nht thng c trong m n lin l cht bo trans. l cc du thc vt c hydrogen ha mt cc ni i v tr trans nn chng tr nn tr, ngha l khng b oxy ha (i du) khi m c tn tr lu ngy. V th a s cc loi m tm u c chin bng cht bo trans, cn gi l b thc vt nh shortening, margarin... Cht bo trans (trans fat) c ci li l th rn c th dng nh b v khng b oxy ha, c li v mt cng nghip thc phm (dng trong cc loi fastfood nh m tm, khoai ty chin, cc mn gin gin (crackers), u phng da c, bnh m kem, kem, cc loi bnh ngt c bt bng kem...). Nhng chng rt c hi v mt sc khe ngi tiu dng v n lm tng cholesterol xu (LDL) v ng thi cng lm gim cholesterol tt (HDL) xung gy x va ng mch (gy hp lng ng mch) nn lm gim s lu thng ca mu. Cht bo trans khng th c chuyn ha hon chnh trong c th m ng li trong thnh mch thnh khi x va, nu dng lu ngy s dn ti hu qu nghim trng l x va ng mch nn rt nguy him cho sc khe ngi tiu dng. (n tui 40 tr i, nhng ngi dng nhiu acid bo trans s b thiu mu c tim, tai bin tim mch). Cc nghin cu khoa hc cc nc u M chng minh iu trn nn ngy nay h c lut cm dng cc cht bo trans trong thc phm hoc phi ghi y hm lng acid bo trans trong thc phm trn nhn hiu thc phm y ngi tiu dng bit m trnh. Tm li, m n lin (m tm) l loi thc n nhanh, c th c dng theo nh vai tr ca n l dng n tm cha chy khi tht cn thit ch khng nn dng thng xuyn v khi dng cng nn p thm vo mt qu trng, thm mt t rau ti, v ch nn dng 1/3 gi bt nm trong m thi. V ngnh cng nghip m n lin cng cn sn xut ra sn phm khng c cht bo trans. Tin li nhng mt cn bng dinh dng M n lin l mt loi thc phm c ngi Nht v Trung Quc rt a chung. Trc kia, ngi ta dng bt m nho vi nc, cho thm mt s thc phm khc nh trng, bt ngt, mui v nhng gia v khc, sau cn mng, thi thnh si ging nh si bn gi l m ti. Si m nh th cha th n ngay c m phi nu chn. Cch lm nh vy khng tin li cho nhng ngi c t thi gian, ng thi m ti phi dng ngay, khng th bo qun lu c. khc phc nhc im ny, ngi ta ngh ra cch cho m vo chin chn bng du hoc m. Khi s dng ch cn cho m ra bt, b sung thm nc va un si. Si m chin s ngm nc, n ra, sau vi pht c th dng c. V l ngi ta gi sn phm ny l m n lin. Sn phm ny c nhiu ngi hoan nghnh v tnh tin li ca n. M n lin c ng gi rt tt, kh v c th bo qun trong thi gian kh di. Theo TS. Nguyn Duy Thnh, Vin Cng ngh sinh hc, Cng ngh thc phm, i hc Bch Khoa H Ni, thnh phn chnh ca m n lin l bt m, c hm lng protein cao hn nhiu loi bt ng cc khc. tng gi tr dinh dng, i khi ngi ta b sung thm trng, bt tht. Ngoi ra cn b sung thm cc cht ph gia to mi (mi tht b, mi tht g, mi cua...), cc cht to v (ch yu l bt ngt...) v cht to cho si m dai, gin (ch yu l CMC...). ng di gc dinh dng, PGS.TS Bch Mai, Ph Vin trng Vin Dinh dng cho bit, m tm ch cung cp nng lng, mt cn i v vitamin, cht m... Thm ch, nhiu nh khoa hc cn cnh bo v cht trans fat c trong m tm do s dng cng ngh chin. Bn cnh l vic qu lm dng ha cht to ngt, cht to mu v mui. iu ny khng tt cho ngi b mc bnh tim mch, tiu ng, cao huyt p. Cc nh khoa hc khi nghin cu pht hin ra vn khi b hydrogel ha, mt lng nht nh cht bo dng cis bin thnh dng trans. chnh l vn m ngi tiu dng quan ngi. Ngi ta pht hin axit bo dng trans c hi cho h tim mch. Cht ny lm tng 132% nguy c gy ung th v. PGS.TS. Phan Th Su, Gim c Trung tm K thut an ton v sinh thc phm, Hi Khoa hc K thut an ton thc phm Vit Nam cho bit: Nhiu khi v khng c thi gian nu n hoc thm ch ch mun tit kim tin m n m n lin qu nhiu s khng c li cho sc khe. Chng ta thy m n lin c nhiu tin ch v khu v ph hp vi

nhiu i tng. bo m sc khe khi n m n lin chng ta nn b sung thm rau xanh v cc loi m t tht, trng b p lng vitamin v protein thiu ht ca m n lin. Khng nn n m n lin hng ngy v s dn n thiu vitamin v dng cht, nht l i vi nhng ngi b bnh tim mch. Cn c quy nh v thnh phn cc cht c trn gi m iu m nhiu nh khoa hc tham gia ta m cng khuyn co: Nn c quy nh r rng v cc thnh phn c trong gi m. iu ny rt cn thit bi trong x hi pht trin, nhu cu dinh dng khc trc, nu n qu nhiu cht ny hay cht kia cng s gy bnh, nht l nhng ngi thnh ph. Cc c quan qun l Nh nc cng nn vo cuc c nhng quy nh bt buc v t l cc cht nh cht bo Trans fat, cht to ngt... t c hnh lang php l r rng, ngi tiu dng an tm vi loi thc phm ny. Vi s tham gia ca nhiu nh khoa hc, chuyn gia kinh t, cc nh nghin cu phn tch trong mt y ban y uy tn, qua nhiu phin hp y tranh ci trong nm 2009, nhm nh gi v a ra nhng sng ch hng u ca th k 20, c mt kt lun cui cng vi s nht tr cao ca 90% thnh vin, chnh l: M N LIN, sng ch ca Nht. Tuy m l mn n truyn thng v lu i Trung Quc, nhng nh sng ch c o m thnh tu ny li thuc v ngi Nht, bi ng Monofuku Ando, sinh nm 1910, l mt ngi Nht gc Trung Quc, tn gi khc l An ng Bch Phc, tn Hn ng l Ng Bch Phc, sng n nm 2007 (th 98 tui). Nm 1948, ng Bch Phc thnh lp cng ty thc phm Nissin, ch yu ch bin cc loi bnh ng hp, tuy nhin n nm 1957 th ph sn. Khng nn ch, Bch Phc b nhiu ngy m lang thang quan st xem thi quen sinh hot n ung ca nhng ngi t tin (m y li l s ng), nhn thy thc phm lm ra t m l chim a s (nhng phi qua ch bin). Nm 1958, Bch Phc cho ra loi t m n lin u tin, nhn hiu l Ramen. Tuy nhin, tnh tin li v hng v cha c nh ngy nay, v cng cha c bao b gi nh. nh gi cao tim nng ca M n lin, hng Misubishi u t vn v gii php cng ngh sn xut theo dy chuyn cng nghip. n nm 1962, gi m ri bao giy ra i. T 1968 1970, lin tc ci tin cc loi bao b khc (gi polyme, cc nha, hp) v nng cp hng v. Trong thp nin 1980, M n lin c ton cu ha vi hn 800 nhn hiu ca hn 50 nc. V n nay, c nh gi l sng ch hng u ca th k 20. Vi tiu ch i chng, tin dng, c a thch, mang li ch kinh t, tit kim Tht vy: Tnh i chng biu hin qu r, ngi giu ngho, gi tr, nam n, u u a thch bi tnh hp dn khu v ca n. Lm vic m, thc n hc thi cn g nhanh gn v tuyt vi bng t m n lin. M rng ra cc lnh vc khc ca x hi, m n lin cng bc l r u th ca mnh: S dng cp pht trong qun i, hot ng du lch, cm tri, i xa v nht l cu tr trong thin tai, bo lt, khng g hu dng bng. V, k c phi hnh gia tu v tr cng phi s dng m n lin. n nay, khong hn 1/3 ca hn 6 t con ngi trn qu a cu ny n v thch n m n lin. Bn thy M N LIN c xng ng l sng ch hng u ca th k 20 khng?!
Tin nhng khng tt Vit Nam hin nay, m n lin l mt trong nhng mt hng quen thuc, c th trng kh rng ln. Ti cc siu th, trung tm thng mi, ca hng, ch, sn phm m gi ca cc doanh nghip nh Vina Acecook, Asia Food, Vi Fon, Uni-President, Massan, Miliket... ang chim lnh hn 90% th phn vi hng trm nhn hiu khc nhau. l cha k, hng chc nhn hng nc ngoi ang hin din khp ni, to s phong ph cho th trng m gi c v bao b, mu m ln gi c. Gi ca mi loi m n lin cng khc nhau, c loi bnh dn gi khong 1.500 - 2.000 ng /gi; loi trung bnh c bn vi mc gi 2.500 - 3.500 ng /gi; loi cao cp c gi 5.000 - 10.000 ng /gi.
M n lin tn cng vo hu ht cc knh phn phi, t cc siu th hin i cho n nhng tim tp ha nh, t thnh th n nng thn. C th ni hu nh bt c ngi tiu dng Vit Nam no cng dng sn phm ny d t hay nhiu. V 5 t gi m n lin ang lu thng trn th trng l mt con s hp dn i vi cc nh kinh doanh. Cng ty Nghin cu Th trng Euromonitor cng b mc tng trng ca th trng m n lin ti Vit Nam nm 2008 l 20%, t gi tr n 5.754 t ng v kt lun th trng ny ang bng n.

Trong khi , mt cng ty nghin cu th trng hng u th gii khc (khng mun nu tn) cn a ra con s ln hn nhiu, khong 8.000 t ng. Cng ty ny cng d bo trong tng lai gn, tc tng trng ca th trng ny s tip tc duy tr mc 15-20%/nm v nhanh chng t gi tr bnh qun 10.000 t ng/nm (cc con s c a ra trong bi vit s da trn kho st ca cng ty nghin cu th trng ny). SI NG M n lin l loi hnh kinh doanh triu USD, ch dnh cho nhng nh u t chu c u t ng di. Mt dy chuyn sn xut m n lin theo cng ngh chu u ngn khong 20 triu USD, m mt cng ty quy m va cng phi u t vi dy chuyn mi to sn lng cnh tranh. Th nhng, d vi mc u t nh vy, vn c khng t nh u t tham gia. Hin nay, c gn 50 doanh nghip vi nhiu quy m khc nhau tham gia vo lnh vc ny, sn xut ra 5 t gi m/nm. D kin con s ny s l 6-7 t gi trong 3 nm tip theo. M n lin ni chung c phn chia thnh 2 nhm sn phm: gc m (m ng gi) v gc go (min, bn, ph, cho ng gi). Bi vit ny ch cp n nhm gc m. Th phn m n lin gc m ang nm trong tay 5 nh sn xut ln v c chia s khng my ng u: Acecook Vietnam (khong 55%), Asia Food (khong 15%), Vifon (khong 15%), Masan (khong 10%), Saigon Ve Wong (khong 5%). Cn li mt th phn rt nh chia u cho cc doanh nghip c mi ln c, trong nc v nc ngoi. Tuy nhin, nhm ny, vn c nhng doanh nghip tim nng nh Uni-President, Miliket, Micoem. Hu ht cc ng ln trong top 5 k trn u c nng lc ph rng th trng c nc (Acecook Vietnam, Masan, Saigon Ve Wong) hoc chim c nhng th trng c xem l trng im (Asia Food min Nam, min Ty, min Trung, Vifon lm ma lm gi khu vc ngoi thnh v nng thn). Trong nhm ngoi top 5 th Uni-President ph ton quc, Miliket mnh th trng nng thn, Micoem ni ting min Bc v ang Nam tin. T vic xc nh th trng trng im nh vy, mi nh sn xut c nhng chin lc sn phm v gi c khc nhau, c th c kt thnh 3 chin lc ch o. nhm gi trung (2.000-3.000 ng/gi) l hng lot cc nhn Ho Ho, Ho 100, Bn Phng, Gu , Hello, Vifood... nhm gi cao (trn 3.000 ng/gi) c Nht, Lu Thi, Sumo, Osami V mt sn phm, cc nhn ny khng c nhiu khc bit. Cng khng th m ht cc nhn hiu tng t, ch yu l ca 2 nh sn xut Acecook Vietnam v Asia Food. Hai i gia ny chn chin lc tung nhiu nhn chn lc, kinh doanh theo li bn nhiu, to doanh s ln. Theo thi gian, s c nhng nhn b rt khi ng ua bi s sng lc gt gao ca th trng, nh mt quy lut tt yu ca chin lc ny. Trong khi , th trng bt u xut hin, tuy cn t, nhng nhn sn phm gi cao v to c s khc bit. l nhn Tin Vua (thuc phn khc gi trung, im nhn ca sn phm l khng dng du chin i chin li nhiu ln) hoc Omachi (phn khc gi cao vi thng ip rt ngon m khng s nng). C 2 sn phm ny u l ca Masan. Nh vy, khc vi Acecook v Asian Food, Masan chn l trnh t nhn nhng khc bit. y cng chnh l chin lc ca cc nh kinh doanh m Trung Quc khi h phi i ph vi i gia Nissin (Nht Bn) ti quc gia h. Cc nh kinh doanh m n lin Trung Quc a ra kh nhiu sn phm mi c gi tr dinh dng cao xa b nh kin m n lin khng c li cho sc khe v hiu qu thu v kh tt. Thc t, nhng sn phm m n lin c doanh s cao nht Trung Quc l nhng sn phm c qung b l c li cho sc khe. Gn y, ti Vit Nam, theo sau Masan, Asian Food cng bt u tung ra nhn Osami lm t u H Lan tt cho sc khe. Song song vi cc nhn gi trung v cao, m n lin gi thp vn ang c tiu th kh tt, nht l th trng nng thn. Vifon l mt v d. Vifon chn chin thut t nhn, gi thp v hng n th trng rng hn. D ang dn b lng qun thnh th, cc sn phm gc m nhn hiu Vifon (cng l tn cng ty) c gi di 2.000 ng/gi c tiu th kh tt th trng nng thn. Vifon cng tn cng ra th trng thc phm ng gi rng hn vi cc sn phm gc go (cho, min, ph ng gi) v nhanh chng ginh 50% th phn th trng ny. Cn li nhm ngoi top 5 gm Saigon Ve Wong v Micoem dng nh khng chn bt k chin lc no k trn. H chn phn khc gi cao cho cc sn phm A-one, Cung nh nhng cha thy s khc bit (trong khi , trn th trng m n lin, phn khc gi trung vn chim xp x 80% th phn, sn phm gi thp v cao ch khong 20%). Ginh tng tc t Khng ch quyt lit trong cuc ua sn phm v gi c, cc nh kinh doanh cn ginh tng tc t trn mt trn phn phi. V i vi mt trn ny, cc nh sn xut m n lin ang p dng 2 chin lc chnh. Hai i gia dn u th trng l Acecook Vietnam v Asia Food phn phi theo h thng i l (bn s). Hai doanh

nghip ny chn ra nhiu nh bn s (i l cp 1) v nhim v ca cc nh bn s ny l phn phi xung cc nh bn s cp di ri ph n cc tim bn l. Khi khch hng c nhu cu, cc tim bn l s bo ln cc nh bn s v 2 doanh nghip ny s cung cp sn phm theo hnh thc bn t. u im ca kiu phn phi ny l vn u t khng cao, ph hp vi nhng thng hiu mnh, c th trng a chung. Tuy nhin, nu c bt k s c no xy ra vi sn phm (chng hn cht lng sn phm c vn ), chc chn kh nng y hng xung cc cp phn phi ca nh sn xut s b nh hng. Mt khc, do phn phi theo nhu cu nn sn phm n tay ngi tiu dng s c lc nhanh, lc chm. Trong khi , Masan li chn hng ngc li l phn phi bn l, theo cch ca Unilever, P&G. Cng ty ny tp trung vo mt s nh bn l tt nht, c kh nng bao ph th trng trn din rng. Vi cch lm ny, Masan phi u t kh ln. Nhng b li, do khng phi ch n khi c nhu cu mi cung ng nn kh nng y hng ca Masan c th nhanh hn cc i th. R rng, i vi cc sn phm tiu dng nhanh nh m n lin, chn knh phn phi hp l l iu kin tin quyt gii bi ton u ra. V phn phi cng chnh l trn chin khc lit nht i vi cc nh sn xut m n lin, nht l nhng gng mt mi, ngay c l mt i gia nc ngoi c ti lc mnh. Uni-President l mt minh chng cho iu ny. Vn l tp on thc phm tn tui ca i Loan, Uni-President vo Vit Nam vi nhn hiu m n lin Unif. Uni-President u t kh k lng cho sn phm (lp t nhiu dy chuyn sn xut theo cng ngh chu u) v marketing kh honh trng nh ti tr 300.000 USD cho Seagames 22, mi u bp ni ting Yan Can Cook lm ngi bo tr cho nhn hiu m Vua Bp ca h vi kinh ph khng di 200.000 USD. Mt cuc kho st c thc hin trn 500 ngi tiu dng H Ni, TP.HCM, Nng do mt cng ty nghin cu th trng uy tn thc hin nm 2007 cho thy, Unif cng c nhiu ngi tiu dng bit n (c 10 ngi c hi th 5 ngi bit). Nhng ti sao t nm 2003 n nay Unif vn cha thc s bc ph? Nguyn nhn c l l Uni-President chm chn trong cuc ua phn phi. L k n sau, Uni-President li chn cch phn phi bn s (vn l la chn ca 2 i gia dn u th trng) nn d c u t mnh v vn, cng ngh v tip th, Unif vn cha th c mt cuc m rng th phn ngon mc. Trng hp ca Unif cng gi nh n cu chuyn bia Laser mt thi tip th honh trng nhng ri cng b xa s v b kha knh phn phi. Tuy nhin, ni nh vy khng c ngha trn th trng ny vai tr ca tip th b ph nhn. Ngc li, i vi th trng m n lin, hot ng tip th ang th hin sc mnh dn dt. UA QUNG CO Tuy th phn ca Asian Food cao hn Masan nhng sn phm Osami u H Lan ca Asian Food vn cha th qua mt Omachi khoai ty ca Masan, d 2 sn phm ny ra i gn nh cng thi im. Cng trong cuc kho st 500 ngi tiu dng ni trn, c 10 ngi c kho st th c khong 7 ngi bit n thng hiu Omachi (qua qung co) v gn 5 ngi dng qua, trong khi cha n 2 ngi bit n Osami. chnh l sc mnh ca tip th. Hin nay, cc nh sn xut dn u th trng vn l nhng i gia chi bo tay nht cho tip th, c bit l qung co. Theo thng k khng chnh thc ca mt cng ty nghin cu th trng, ch ring 3 thng hiu Ho Ho, Ho 100 (ca Acecook Vietnam) v Gu (ca Asia Food) chim gn 50% ngn sch qung co ca ngnh ny. Masan cng chi hng triu USD cho chin lc qung co thng hiu Omachi (t thng 5.2007 n Tt m lch nm 2008). Tuy nhin, gia lc cc knh truyn hnh lin tc c lp y bi nhng on phim qung co m n lin ca cc i gia th vn c nhng nhn hiu chng thy qung co g cng vn sng khe, nh Miliket chng hn. Cu tr li hp l nht cho iu ny c l chnh l lch s pht trin ca nhn hiu. Ra i t nm 1988, Miliket (c ng trong bao giy c hnh 2 con tm) gn lin vi khi nim m tm trong nhn thc ca phn ln ngi tiu dng Vit Nam. Qua thi gian, thng hiu ny tch ly c mt lng ngi tiu dng ln tm sng khe. Tuy nhin, tng lai ca h s th no khi cc nhn hiu m n lin mi lin tc ra i v cc i th th khng tic tin vo cuc chi qung co? Chin lc pht trin ca Miliket c nhiu im tng ng vi Vifon: s hu thng hiu lu i, gi thp (xp x 1.000 ng/gi), t qung co nhng c u ra kh tt l th trng nng thn vi lng khch hng trung thnh. Miliket cng ang m rng sang sn xut nhng sn phm gc go (bn, min, ph n lin), tng t nh Vifon. Cu chuyn xut khu Trong lc th trng ni a cnh tranh khc lit nh vy, nhiu doanh nghip hng top tm n con ng xut khu gia tng doanh s v li nhun. Hin ti, Acecook Vietnam, Vifon, Asian Food, Miliket ch yu xut khu vo mt s th trng d vo c, ch yu l Campuchia (Acecook Vietnam v Asian Food chim gn 2/3 th trng ny) v ng u (Vifon). Tuy nhin, doanh thu t xut khu cng ch chim cha n 10% tng doanh thu ca mi doanh nghip.

Trong khi , mt s th trng ln giu tim nng nh chu u, M, Mexico li khng d vo. Cc th trng ny c cc i gia quc t, ch yu l Nissin v Maruchan (Nht), Nongshim (Hn Quc), chim ng. l cha k n nhng kh khn c bn khc nh vn thu hi cng n, qun l cc nh phn phi ti th trng . Tuy nhin, theo mt doanh nghip (khng mun nu tn) tng xut khu sang M vi gi tr khong 2 triu USD trong nm 2008, doanh nghip sn xut m n lin ca Vit Nam khn kho hn trong vic chn lc i tng tiu dng trnh ri ro. Chng hn, vo M, nu khng c kh nng phc v cho 250 triu ngi M nh Nissin, doanh nghip c th nh vo i tng Vit kiu hoc ngi Mexico ti M (y l hai nhm i tng tiu dng ng, c khu v hp vi nhiu sn phm m n lin Vit Nam). D vy, doanh nghip ny vn cho rng, th trng nc ngoi cn thi gian chinh phc, trong khi chic bnh th phn ni a vn cn rt mu m. Theo thng tin chng ti c c, sp ti, s c t nht 2 nh u t mi nhy vo th trng ny. Cuc i chin m n lin s thm phn khc lit! Cu hi Ai s thng? cha th c cu tr li, nhng trc mt, k thng khng phi mt ng ln no trong ngnh m chnh l ngi tiu dng, nhng ngi ang lin tc c phc v bng cc sn phm m n lin c li cho sc khe vi gi cnh tranh.