Bi tp phn cu to nguyn t.

Bi 1 : Anion X-, Cation Y2+, Anion Z2-u c cu hnh e lp ngoi l 3s23p6 .

a)Vit cu hnh e y ca nguyn t X , Y , Z. T xc nh v tr ca X , Y , Z trong
bng tun hon .
b)Gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt gia X v Y, gia Y v Z.
c)So snh bn knh nguyn t ca X- , Y2+ v Z2-? Gii thch ?
Bi 2 : Hai nguyn t A v B u thuc mt phn nhm chnh v nm 2 chu k lin tip c
tng s in tch ht nhn l 24 .
a)Xc nh tn hai nguyn t A v B .
b)So snh phn cc lin kt trong hp cht ca A v B vi Natri.
Bi 3 : Hai nguyn t A v B nm 2 phn nhm chnh lin tip B thuc nhm V. Khi
tr/thi n cht A v B khng p/ng vi nhau. Tng s in tch ht nhn ca A v B l 23.
a) Xc nh tn hai nhuyn t A v B.
b) Vit cng thc cu to ca AO2, AO3, BO2, B2O4.Hy vit phn ng ca cc cht ny khi
cho chng ln lt tc dng vi dung dch NaOH .
Bi 4 : Hp cht X c to thnh t cc ion u c cu hnh e l: 1s22s22p6. Trong mt phn
t X c tng s ht p,n,e l 92.
a)Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.
b)Khi ho tan X vo nc thu c dung dch Y c tnh kim. Cho 200 ml dung dch Y 0,2M
tc dng vi clo d un nng 1000C .Tnh CM ca cht tan trong dd thu c .
Bi 5 : Hp cht A c to thnh t cation X+ v anion Y-. Phn t A cha 9 nguyn t gm
ba nguyn t phi kim vi t l s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t l 2:3:4. Tng s proton trong
A l 42. Trong ion Y- cha 2 nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k v thuc hai phn nhm chnh
lin tip.
Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A, vit cng thc cu to ca Av cho bit trong A c nhng
loi lin kt no.
Bi 6 : Mt phn t XY3 c tng s ht p,n,e l 196 trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s
ht khng mang in l 60, tng s ht trong ca Y- nhiu hn tng s ht trong X3+l 16.
a)Xc nh cng thc phn t ca XY3.
b)Vit 8 phn ng khc nhau iu ch trc tip XY3
Bi 7 : A,B,C l ba kim loi thuc ba PNC lin tip trong mt chu k c tng s khi l 74.
a)Xc nh ba nguyn t A,B,C.
b)Khi cho 11,15 gam hn hp X gm ba nguyn t trn ho tan vo nc thu c 4,48 lt kh
(ktc), dung dch Y v 6,15g cht rn khng tan .Lc ly cht rn em ho tan vo dung dch
HCl d thu c 0,275 mol H2 .
Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp X .
Bi 8 : Cho ba nguyn t A,B,C (ZA< ZB <ZC).
-A v B cng thuc mt phn nhm chnh v hai chu k lin tip .
-B v C l hai nguyn t nm k cn nhau trong mt chu k .
-Tng s proton trong 2 ht nhn A v B l 24 .
a)Xc nh cu hnh e ca A,B,C.
b)Zl hp cht to bi A,B,C trong t l khi lng tng ng ca A,B,C l 1:1:2,22.Tm
c/thc phn t v c/thc cu to ca hp cht Z. Bit dZ/He=33,75.
Bi 9 : 1) C 2 ion XY32- v XY42- c tng s e ln lt l 42 v 50 . Ht nhn ca X v Y u
c s proton bng s ntron .
a)Xc nh in tch ht nhn v s khi ca X v Y
b)Vit phn ng minh ho tnh oxiho , tnh kh ca 2 ion ny .
2) X , Y , Z v G l cc hp cht c oxi ca nguyn t A khi cho tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH u thu c cht B v nc . Nguyn t A c tng s ht proton v ntron b hn 35

v c s oxiho dng cc i l +5 . Hy lp lun tm ra cc cht X , Y , Z v G bit rng

X c th lm cho qu tm ho , dung dch Z v G phn ng c vi dung dch axit mnh
v dung dch baz mnh , khi cho Z phn ng vi dung dch CaCl2thu c cht kt ta mu
trng. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho .
Bi 10 : Hai nguyn t A v B u thuc phn nhm chnh .
a)Nguyn t A c 2 e lp ngoi cng v hp cht X ca A vi oxi c cha 28,57 % khi
lng oxi . Xc nh s khi ca A.
b)Nguyn t B c 7 e lp ngoi cng v Y l hp cht ca B vi hiro . Bit khi cho 22,4 gam
X tc dng va vi 200 gam dung dch Y 14,6 % thu c dung dch D . Tnh nng
phn trm ca cht tan trong dung dch D .
Bi 11 : Phn t khi ca ba mui XCO3 , YCO3, MCO3 lp thnh mt cp s cng vi cng
sai bng 16. Tng s ht p, n ca ba ht nhn nguyn t X, Y, M l 120.
a)Xc nh tn ba kim loi.
b)Vit cu hnh e t xc nh v tr ca X, Y, M trong bng tun hon.
c)Gii thch cc trng thi ho tr c bn ca ba kim loi trn .
Bi 12 : Nguyn t A c 4 loi ng v c cc c im sau:
+Tng s khi ca 4 ng v l 825.
+Tng s ntron ng v A3 v A4 ln hn s ntron ng v A1 l 121 ht.
+Hiu s khi ca ng v A2 v A4 nh hn hiu s khi ca ng v A1 v A3l 5 n v .
+Tng s phn t ca ng v A1 v A4 ln hn tng s ht khng mang in ca ng v A2
v A3 l 333 .
+S khi ca ng v A4 bng 33,5% tng s khi ca ba ng v kia .
a)Xc nh s khi ca 4 ng v v s in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t A .
b)Cc ng v A1 , A2 , A3 , A4 ln lt chim 50,9% , 23,3% , 0,9% v 24,9% tng s nguyn
t . Hy tnh KLNT trung bnh ca nguyn t A .
Bi 13 : a)Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t c s hiu z=116 . Xc nh v tr ca n trong bng
tun hon .
b)Nguyn t A c e sau cng c trng bi 4 s lng t vi tng i s l 4,5 . Hiu s
lng t ph v s lng t t bng 0 .
b.1-Vit cu hnh e ca A v xc nh v tr ca A trong tun hon .
b.2-Kh X cu to t A v hiro . Khi lng ca 2,24 lt kh X 27,30C v 0,55 atm bng
khi lng ca 1,68 lt O2 54,60C v 0,8 atm .Vit cng thc cu to ca X.
2

Bi 14 : Mt hp cht ion cu to t cation M+ v anion X 2 c cng thc M2X2 c tng s

cc loi ht l 164 , trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 52 ht .
S khi ca M+ ln hn s khi ca X- l 23 . Tng s ht trong ion M+ nhiu hn trong ion X
2
2

l 7 .
a) Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng tun hon .
b) Tm cng thc phn t ca hp cht ion trn .
c) Khi cho hp cht M2X2 tc dng vi nc thu c dung dch B c tnh kim v tnh
oxiho mnh , cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch cha Zn(NO3)2 v NH4NO3 sau phn
ng thu c cht kt ta keo sau kt ta tan dn v mt cht kh khng mu b ho nu
trong khng kh . Vit cc phn ng minh ho .
Bi 15 : Cho hai nguyn t A v B c c im :
+A c 3 lp e v c s e c thn ti a .
+B c 3 lp e v c 7 e ho tr .
1/Vit cu hnh e v xc nh v tr ca A v B trong bng tun hon .
2/Khi cho Av B tc dng vi nhau thu c AB3 v AB5,sau cho cc cht ny tc dng
vi nc thu c d/dch hn hp axit.Vit cc phn ng xy ra .

Bi 16 : Hp cht M to nn t cation X+ v anion Y3- mi ion u do 5 nguyn t ca 2

nguyn t phi kim to nn .Tng s proton trong X+ l 11, tng s e trong Y3- l 50 .Hai
nguyn t trong Y3- thuc 2 chu k lin tip nhau trong bng un hon v c s th t cch
nhau 7 n v .
a)Xc nh cng thc phn t ca M .
b)M t bn cht cc lin kt trong phn t M .
Bi 17 : Hp cht MX2 kh ph bin trong t nhin . Ho tan MX2trong HNO3c nng thu
c dung dch A cho kt ta trng khi tc dng vi BaCl2 v thu c kt ta nu khi tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH . Hi cht MX2 l g ? C tn gi ra sao ? Vit cc phn ng xy ra
.
2

Bi 18 : Cho bit tng s e trong anion AB 3 l 42.Trong ht nhn A cng nh B u c s

proton bng s ntron.
a)Tm s khi ca A v B ? Vit CTCT ca AB2.
b)Ly cc v d minh ho tnh cht ho hc ca AB2.
Bi tp phn t khi cht kh - phng trnh trng thI kh
Bi 1 : Trn x mol O2 vi 2x mol SO2 1000C v 10 atm (c xc tc V2O5) vo bnh kn dung
tch khng i . Nung nng bnh mt thi gian sau lm ngui xung 1000C thu c hn
hp kh A, lc ny p sut bnh l p.
a)Thit lp biu thc tnh p vtnh t khi hi ca hn hp A so vi H2 theohiu sut .
b)Hi p v dA/Hiro c gi tr trong khong no ?
Bi 2: Hai kh X v Y c dc im :
+ T khi hi ca hn hp XvY so vi 2 kh CO2 v N2O l 1,2045(Xv Y cng th tch ).
+ T khi hi ca hn hp X v Y so vi NH3 l 3,09(Xv Y cng khi lng ).
Hy xc nh khi lng phn t ca X v Y(gi s MX< MY).
Bi 3 : t chy hon ton mt lng S trong bnh kn cha hn hp kh N2 , O2 , SO2 ly
theo t l th tch 3:1:1(cng ktc) . Sau khi t chy xong a v nhit ban u th c
hn hp kh c t khi so vi hn hp u l 1,089.
a)Hi p sut bnh trc v sau phn ng thay i nh th no ? Ti sao ?
b)Tnh % theo th tch mi kh c trong hn hp sau phn ng ?
c)Chng minh rng t khi ca hn hp kh thu c so vi hn hp ban u thay i trong
khong : 1 d 1,088 .
Bi 4 : Mt bnh kn dung tch khng i 9,09 lt cha O2v N2 theo t l th tch l 1:4 (kh o
00C v 721 mmHg) v 1 t bt lu hunh v xc tc V2O5 . Ngi ta bm thm oxi vo bnh
p sut t 916,75 mmHg 270C ri nung bnh cho S chy ht thu c hn hp kh A,
cho A vo dung dch NaOH d thy khi lng dung dch tng mt lng gp 2,25 ln lng
S ban u v cn li kh B i ra c t khi so vi H2 l 14,07.
a)Tnh % theo th tch cc kh c trong bnh trc khi nung .
b)Tnh khi lng lu hunh chy .
c)Tnh % theo th tch cc kh c trong hn hp A .
Bi 5 : C hai bnh dung tch u l 8 lt c ni v[i nhau bng mt ng c kho k (dung
tch ng khng ng k ) . Lc u kho k ng . Bnh 1 ng hn hp kh A gm H2 , CO v
HCl c p sut 0,42763 atm . Bnh 2 ng hn hp kh B gm CO , H2 v NH3 c p sut
0,458175 atm .Nhit hai bnh l 250C. Khi lng hn hp B nng hn hn hp A l 0,755
gam . S mol H2 trong A bng s mol CO trong hn hp B v s mol CO trong B bng s mol
H2 trong A. M kho k cho kh 2 bnh khuych tn vo nhau sau mt thi gian thnh
phn kh 2 bnh ng nht vo nhau lc ny p sut trong bnh l 0,415125 atm v 270C.
a)Tnh % th tch mi kh c trong hn hp trc v sau khi m kho k.

b)Tnh % theo khi lng mi kh c hn hp trc v sau khi m kho k.

bi tp v phn ng oxi ho-kh

Cn bng cc phn ng sau theo phng php thng bng electron
1)KMnO4 + KNO2 +H2SO4 MnSO4 + K2SO4 + ? + H2O .
2)Cu2FeSx + O2 Cu2O + Fe3O4 + ? .
3)P + NH4ClO4 H3PO4 + N2 + Cl2 + ? .
4)Cr2S3 + Mn(NO3)2 + K2CO3 K2CrO4 + K2MnO4 + ? + NO + CO2 .
5)As2S3 + HNO3 + H2O NO + H2SO4 + H3AsO4 .
6)CuS2 + HNO3 H2SO4 + NO + ? + ? .
7)MnO4- + SO32- + H+ Mn2+ + SO42- + ? .
8)C8H12 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 C7H10O6 + K2SO4 + CO2 + ? + ? .
9)K2C2O4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 CO2 + K2SO4 + ? + ? .
10)(C6H10O5)n + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + CO2 + ? .
11)CrI3 + Cl2 + KOH K2CrO4 + KIO4 + KCl + ? .
12)H2S + K2Cr2O7 +H2SO4 S + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + ? .
13)CrCl3 + H2O2 + NaOH Na2CrO4 + NaCl + ? .
14)FeS2 + HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + Fe(NO3)3 + SO2 + N2O + H2O .
15)C6H5CH=CH2 + KMnO4 +Ba(OH)2 (C6H5COO)2Ba + BaCO3 +
+ K2Ba(MnO4)2 + H2O .
16)MxOy + HNO3 M(NO3)n + NaOb + NH4NO3 + H2O .
17)Zn + HNO3 N2 + N2O + NH4NO3 + Zn(NO3)2 + H2O .
18)MxOy + CnHmOt MpOq + CO2 +H2O .

19)K2Cr2O7 + HCl + FeCl2 CrCl3 + Cl2 + FeCl2 + KCl + H2O .

20)C17H31COOH + KMnO4 + H2SO4 C6H12O2 + C3H4O4 + C9H16O4 +
+ MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O .
Bi tp phn halogen
Bi 1 : Hon thnh cc s phn ng sau :

a) NaCl
b) Cl2

?
A
CaCl2

Cl2
B

?
C

Ca(OH)2

H2
D

?
E

CuS .
F.
NaOH

CaCO3

Cl2

FeCl3

Bit A,B,C.D,E,F u l mui kali .

c) KBr

Br2

HBr
H2SO4

Bi 2 : Kh CO2 c ln hi nc c lm kh bng cht no trong cc cht sau :

A. P2O5
B . H2SO4c .
C . NaOH rn .
D . CaCl2 khan .
E . CaO mi nung .
Bi 3 :
Axit HCl c nhiu ng dng trong cng nghip v trong i sng . iu ch HCl theo 2
phng php :
+ Cho tinh th mui n tc dng vi axit Sunfuric c nng ri ho tan kh HCl vo nc .
+ Tng hp t Hiro v kh clo .
Tuy nhin c 2 phng php ny u khng dng iu ch HBr v HI Hi :
a)Vit cc phn ng cho c 2 phng php .
b)Ti sao khng dng 2 phng php ny iu ch HBr v HI .
c)Hy ngh phng php iu ch HBr v HI .
Bi 4 :
a)C 4 l mt nhn ng cc dung dch ring r sau : HCl , NaCl , NaBr , NaClO .
Hy trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit cc dung dch trn .
b)Vit phn ng iu ch HClO t hn hp gm HCl v HClO .
Bi 5 :
Cu hnh e lp ngoi ca nguyn t X l 5p5 . T s ntron v in tch ht nhn l 1,3962 .
S ntron ca X bng 3,7 ln s ntron ca nguyn t Y . Khi cho 4,29 g Y phn ng vi
lng d X thu c 18,26 g sn phm c cng thc l XY. Xc nh in tch ht nhn c X
v Y , vit cu hnh e ca Y v ion c bn ca Y.
Bi 6 :

a) ngh mt phng php ho hc tinh ch NaCl khan c ln cc mui NaBr , NaI v

Na2CO3 . Vit cc phn ng minh ho .
b)Mui n c ln Na2SO4 , NaBr , MgCl2 , CaCl2 , CaSO4 . Dng phng php ho hc
iu ch mui n tinh khit , Vit cc phn ng minh ho .
Bi 7 :
a)Tinh ch Cl2 t cc hn hp sau :
a.1) Kh Cl2 c ln N2 , O2 v H2.
a.2) Kh Cl2 c ln CO2 .
b)Dng phng php ho hc tch cc cht sau ra khi hn hp: BaCl2, MgCl2, NH4Cl.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho .
Bi 8 : a)Cho NaF, NaCl, NaBr, NaI ln lt tc dng vi H2SO4c th c th iu ch c
HF, HCl, HBr, HI hay khng ? Ti sao ? Vit cc phn ng minh ho.
b)Ho tan Fe d vo dung dch cha hn hp HCl v HBr thu c dung dch A. Cho dung
dch A ln lt tc dng vi Cl2d, Br2 d. Vit cc phn ng xy ra.
Bi 9 : Hp cht A c cng thc RX trong R chim 22,33% v khi lng. Tng s p,n,e
trong A l 149. R v X c tng s proton bng 46 . S ntron ca X bng 3,75 ln s ntron
ca R.
a)Xc nh CTPT ca A.
b)Hn hp B gm NaX, NaY, NaZ(Y v Z l 2 nguyn t thuc 2 chu k lin tip ca X).
+ Khi cho 5,76 gam hh B tc dng vi dd Br2 d ri c cn sn phm c 5,29 g mui khan.
+Nu cho 5,76 gam hh B vo nc ri cho phn ng vi kh Cl 2 sau mt thi gian c cn
s/phm thu c 3,955 g mui khan trong c 0,05 mol ion Cl-.
Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp B.
Bi 10 : Hn hp A gm NaI v NaCl c t trong ng s t nng. Cho 1 lung hi Br 2 i
qua mt thi gian thu c hn hp mui B trong c khi lng clorua bng 3,9 ln khi
lng mui iodua, thi tip mt lung kh Cl2 d sau phn ng thu c cht rn C, nu thay
Cl2 bng F2 thu c cht rn D. Khi lng D gim 2 ln so vi khi lng C gim (i
chiu vi B).
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b) Tnh % khi lng hn hp A.
Bi 11 : Cho m gam hn hp mui NaBr v NaI phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4c nng thu
c hn hp kh A(ktc) . iu kin thch hp A phn ng va vi nhau thu c cht
rn mu vng v mt cht lng khng lm chuyn mu qu tm. Cho Na d vo phn lng thu
c dung dch B, dung dch B phn ng va vi 2,24 lt CO2(ktc)to ra 9,5 gam hn
hp mui. Vit cc phn ng xy ra v tnh m=?
Bi 12 : Cho 5 lt H2 v 3,36 lt Cl2 tc dng vi nhau ri ho tan sn phm vo192,7 g nc
thu c dung dch A. Ly 50 g dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c
7,175 g cht kt ta .(th tch kh o ktc).
a) Tnh hiu sut phn ng gia H2 v Cl2.
b) Cho 1,3 g hh 2 kim loi Mg v Fe vo 100 g dd A phn ng xong c cn th thu c
3,9625 g cht rn B . Xc nh thnh phn hn hp B.
Bi 13 : Cho m gam hn hp X gm FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4tan trong dung dch H2SO4 long va
thu c 500 ml dung dch Y. Chia Y lm 2 pjn bng nhau:
+Phn 1 em c cn c 31,6 g mui khan.
+Phn 2 cho 1 lung kh Cl2 d n khi phn ng hon ton ri c cn sn phm thu c
33,375 g mui khan.
Vit cc phn ng xy rav tnh m=?
Bi 14 : Ho tan hon ton 6,3175 g hn hp mui gm NaCl , KCl , MgCl 2 vo nc ri
thm vo 100 ml dung dch AgNO31,2M sau phn ng lc tch kt ta A thu c dung

dch B . Cho 2 g Mg vo dung dch B phn ng kt thc c kt ta C v dung dch D . Cho

kt ta C tc dng vi dung dch HCl d sau phn ng thy khi lng ca C gim I 1,844
g. Thm NaOH d vo dung dch D lc kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i thu c
0,3 g cht rn E.
a) Tnh khi lng cc kt ta A v C .
b) Tnh % khi lng cc mui c trong hn hp ban u .
Bi 15 : Khi cho 23,8 g hn hp X(Cu,Fe,Al) tc dng va vi 14,56 lt kh Cl2(ktc) thu
c hn hp mui Y . Mt khc c 0,25 mol hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu
c 0,2 mol kh H2 .
a)Tnh % khi lng cc kim loi trong hn hp X .
b)Ho tan ht Y vo nc c dung dch Z, cho m gam Fe vo dung dch Z,Tm Z :
+ Dung dch thu c cha 2 mui .
+ Dung dch thu c cha 3 mui .
+ Dung dch thu c cha 4 mui .
Bi 16 : Nung m gam hn hp A gm KClO3 v KMnO4 thu c cht B v kh O2(lc
KClO3 b phn hu hon ton cn KMnO4b phn hu khng hon ton ) . Trong B c 0,89 g
KCl chim 8,312%khi lng . Trn O2 thu c vi khng kh theo t l th tch l1:3 trong
mt bnh kn thu c hn hp kh C , cho vo bnh 0,528 gam cacbon ri t chy ht
cacbon thu c hn hp kh D gm 3 kh trong CO2 chim 22,92% v th tch .
a)Tnh m=?
b)Tnh % v khi lng mi cht trong hn hp A.
c)Thm KCl v H2SO4 d vo hn hp B un nng. Tnh th tch thu c ktc.

Bi tp v oxi-Lu hunh v hp cht

Bi 1:Hon thnh s phn ng :

a) FeS2

H2SO4

+HCl
Z
b) H2SO4

X
B

H2SO4
Fe(OH)2

NaHSO4
B.

M(kt ta)

(A + B)
Bi 2 :Chn 6 dung dch mui A , B , C , D , E , F ng vi 6 gc axit khc nhau tho mn :
A + B C kh bay ra;
A + C C kt ta v c kh bay ra.
B + C C kt ta;
D + E C kt ta;
E + F C kt ta.
D + F C kt ta v c kh bay ra.
Bi 3 : a)Hon thnh s phn ng sau :

A1

A2

A6

A3
A5

A4

Bit rng mi mi tn l 1 phn ng v c 6 hp cht u l hp cht ca lu hunh .

b)T Fe , Cu , S , Cl2 , v H2O c th iu ch c nhng axit no v nhng mui no . Vit
phn ng minh ho .
Bi 4 : S phn ng sau :

+Y
A1
S

X
Y

+ A1
S + H2O

+? +H2O
A2

A5 + A4

A2
+? +H2O
A1

+ A5
A3
+A4

A1 + B1.
A1 + B2.

Bi 5 : Nhn bit bng phng php ho hc :

a) Cc dung dch : (NH4)2SO4 ; CuSO4 ; Fe2(SO4)3 ; MgSO4 ; K2SO4 v Al2(SO4)3 . Ch dng
mt dung dch lm thuc th .

b) Cc Anion trong dung dch cha : Na+ ; NO3- ; SO42- ; SO32- ; CO32-.
Bi 6 : Cho bit A , B , C , D , E l cc hp cht khc nhau ca lu hunh ln lt c cc
mc oxi ho l : -2 ; -2 ; +4 ; +6 ; -2 .Vit cc phn ng theo s :

S
C

C
E

Bi 7: Hon thnh s phn ng sau :

(B)
(A)

(C)

(D)

(E)

PbS

(A)

(B)

BaSO4

S
(C)

FeS

Cc hp cht A , B , C , D , E u l hp cht ca lu hunh .

Bi 8 : t chy x gam Fe trong oxi thu c 5,04 g hn hp cht rn A . Ho tan hon ton
A trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu c 0,784 lt SO2 ktc .
a) Vit cc phn ng c th xy ra .
b) Tnh x=?
Bi 9 : un nng hn hp gm Cu , CuO , Cu2O vi dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c khi
lng kim loi bng 1/4 khi lng hn hp ban u .
Cng lng hn hp trn nu un nng trong dung dch HCl c, d thy c 85% khi lng
hn hp ban u tan c vo axit.
a) Cho bit cch tch ht khi lng ng ra khi hn hp ban u .
b) Tnh khi lng hn hp ban u cn dng iu ch c 42,5 gam Cu .
Bi 10 : Cho 10,24 g hn hp X gm Cu , Mg , Fe tc dng vi 150 ml dd 2 axit HCl 2M v
H2SO4 2M (long) thu c 3,584 lt H2(ktc) sau phn ng lc cht rn B , cn li dd A . Ho
tan B trong H2SO4 c nng d thu c V lt SO2(ktc) .
Thm vo dung dch A NaOHd sau phn ng lc kt ta em nung ngoi khng kh n
khi lng khng i thu c 9,6 gam cht rn C .
a) Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hh A
b) Tnh V=?
c) Cho 2,56 g hh X tc dng vi 500 ml dd AgNO3 0,17M thu c cht rn E. Tnh khi
lng ca E = ?
Bi 11: 1) Khi cho a gam dd H2SO4 nng x% tc dng ht vi mt lng hn hp 2 kim
loi Mg v Na(ly d) th thu c 0,05a gam H2.
Tnh x = ?
2) Ho tan hon ton 16 gam hn hp kim loi Ba v mt kim loi kim vo nc thu c
dung dch B v 3,36 lt H2(ktc) . Nu cho thm 99 ml dung dch Na2SO4 0,1M vo 1/10 dung
dch B th thy trong dung dch cn d ion Ba2+ , cn nu thm tip 2 ml dung dch Na2SO4
na th thy d ion SO42- . Xc nh tn kim loi kim .
Bi 12. Hn hp A gm hai kim loi X , Y c ho tr khng i v khng c kim loi no ho
tr I . Ly 7,68 g hh A chia thnh hai phn bng nhau :
Phn 1 nung trong kh O2 d oxi ho hon ton thu c 6 g hh rn B gm hai oxit .
Phn 2 ho tan hon ton trong dung dch cha HCl v H2SO4long thu c V lt kh
H2(ktc) v dung dch C . C cn dd C thu c p gam mui khan .
a) Tnh V = ?

b) Gi tr ca p nm trong khong no ?
Bi 13 : Ho tan 7,18 g mt thanh st cha tp cht l Fe2O3 vo mt lng dung dch H2SO4
long d thu c 500 ml dung dch . Ly 25 ml dung dch cho tc dng vi dung dch
KMnO4 th phi dng ht 12,5 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,096M .
a) Tnh hm lng % Fe nguyn cht .
b) Nu ly cng mt lng thanh st nh trn v hm lng st tinh khit nh trn nhng
tp cht l FeO v lm li th nghim nh trn th cn bao nhiu ml dung dch KMnO4
0,096M .
Bi 14 :
C hn hp gm Cu v kim loi M c ho tr thng gp < 4 . Cho 12g hn hp 2 kim loi
trn tc dng vi H2SO4 c , nng , d thu c 1 kh Kh ny c hp th hon ton trong
1 lt dung dch NaOH 1M , sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu c 51,5 g cht rn .
Cng 12g hn hp trn cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 2,24 lit H 2 ktc ,
lc ny M c ho tr 2 .
Xc nh tn kim loi M v tnh % ca M trong hn hp .
Bi 15 :
Mt sunfua kim loi c cng thc R2S, trong kim loi R th hin s oxiho +1 v +2 trong
cc hp cht .t chy hon ton 1,6 g sunfua trong lng d oxi, ri ho tan cht rn thu
c sau phn ng trong mt lng va dung dch HCl 29,2%. Nng ca mui trong dung
dch thu c l 40,9%.Khi lm lnh dung dch ny thy c 1,71 g mui rn X kt tinh ra v
nng ca mui trong dung dch sau khi tch mui rn gim xung cn 27,6%.
a) Xc nh cng thc ca mui rn .
b) Cho mt dung dch cha hn hp NaCl , HCl v mt lng mui X(dung dch A) .
Tin hnh in phn (in cc tr) 400 ml dung dch A trong 1 gi .Hn hp kh thot ra 2
in cc c th tch 1,792 lit (ktc) . Cho kh ny li t t qua dung dch NaOH ly d thy cn
li 0,448 lit (ktc) khng b hp th . trung ho dung dch cn li trong bnh in phn cn
va 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,2 M. C cn dung dch trung ho thu c 2,66 g mui
khan.
b1) Xc nh nng mol ca mi cht trong dung dch A.
b2) Xc nh cng dng in .
Hng dn .
Phn 1 : Cu to nguyn t .
Bi 1 .
X : 3s23p5 (Cl).
Y : 4s2 (Ca) .
Z : 3s23p4(S) .
Hp cht : CaS v CaCl2 .
Bn knh nguyn t : Ca>Cl>S .
Bi 2 .
PTB = 12 . Vy : pA + 8 = pB .
Theo bi : pA + pB =24 .
Nn pA = 8 (oxi )
v pB = 16 (Lu hunh )
phn cc : Na2O > Na2S .
Bi 3 .
-B thuc PNC nhm V nn A thuc PNC nhm IV hoc VI .
-A v B khng th cng thuc chu k ln v pA + pB = 23 .
-Nu A v B thuc mt chu k : pA + pA + 1 = 23 .
Vy : pA =11(Na) v pB = 12(Mg) Loi v B khng thuc PNC nhm V.

-Nu A v B u thuc chu k nh .

B thuc PNC nhm V .
B ch c th l N hoc P .
+ Nu B l N A l S ( hp l ) .
+ Nu B l P A l O ( loi v P c phn ng vi O ) .
Vy cc hp cht l : SO2 , SO3 v NO2 v N2O4 c CTCT nh sau :

O
O=SO;

O=S

; O N = O v
O

O=NN=O
O O

Bi 4 .
Hp cht X c a ion : 10a + 10a + N = 92 .
ng v bn : 10a 92 20a 15a . 2,6 a 3 . a = 3 .
TH 1 : M2A . pM =10 + 1 =11 M l Na.
PA = 10 2 =8 A l O .
Vy X l : Na2O .
TH 2 : MA2 . pM = 10 + 2 = 12.M l Mg
PA = 10 1 = 9 . A l F
Vy X l MgF2 .
Kt qu : Na2O l hp l v khi X tan vo nc thu c dd c tnh kim .
NaCl

NaClO

C M =0,02M . v C M = 0,1M .
Bi 5 .
Hp cht A to thnh t X+ v Y- .
pTB = 42/9 = 4,67 . Vy A c cha H .
Y- cha 2 phi kim c p1 + 1 = p2 .
+ TH1: A c 2 ng t H : 2 + 3p1 + 4(p1+1) = 42 p1 = 36/7(loi).
Hoc : 2 + 3(p1+1) + 4p1 = 42 p1 = 37/7 (loi) .
+ TH2: A c 3 ng t H : 3 + 2p1 + 4(p1+1) = 42 p1 = 35/ 6(loi).
Hoc
3 + 2(p1+1) + 4p1 = 42 p1 = 37/6 (loi) .
TH3: A c 4 ng t H 4 + 3p1 + 2(p1+1) = 42 p1 = 36/5 (loi) .
Hoc
4 + 3(p1+1) + 2p1 = 42 p1 = 35/5 = 7 Nguyn t l N
Vy p2 = 8 Nguyn t l O .
Hp cht l : NH4NO3 .
Bi 6 .
2p1+6p2 + n1 + 3n2 = 196 (1)
p1+3p2 = 64 Theo
bi ta c h phng trnh :
2p1 +6p2 (n1 + n2) = 60 (2)
n1 + 3n2 = 68 .
2p2 + n2 + 1 (2p1+ n1 -3) = 16 .(3).
T (1) v (3) ta c : 2p2 + n2 = 52 .
iu kin ng v bn : p2 52 2p2 1,5p2 . 14,8 p2 17,3 .
Gi tr hp l : p2 = 17 v v n2 = 18 Nguyn t l Cl .
P1= 13 v n1 = 14 . Nguyn t l Al .
Bi 7 .
Ta c : p + p + 1 + p + 2 +N = 74 . 3p + N = 74 .

iu kin ng v bn : 3p + 3 74 3p 3 1,5(3p + 3) . 8,87 p 11,3 .

Nghim hp l :
+ p = 11 : Na
+ p + 1 = 12 : Mg .
+ p + 2 = 13 : Al .
Phng trnh : Na + H2O = NaOH + 1/2 H2 .
Al + H2O + NaOH = NaAlO2 + 3/2H2 .
+TH1 : Al phn ng ht Khi lng Mg = 6,15 g .
Theo bi : Khi lng Mg = 6,6 g ( loi ) .
+TH2 : Al d . Gi s mol Na l x . Ta c : x/2 +3x/2 = 0,2 x = 0,1 .
Ta c h pt 27a + 24b = 6,15.
3a/2 + b = 0,275.
Gii h ta c a = 0,05 mol v b = 0,2 mol .
Bi 8 .
pA + pB = 24 Vy pTB= 12 . Ta c h

pA + pB = 24
pA + 8 = pB . Ta c pA=8 (oxi) v pB =16(S)

B l S nn C l Cl ( v zA< zB < zC) .

Hp cht Z l:SxOyClz . x:y:z = a/32 : a/16 : 2,22a/35,5 = 1:2:2 .
Vy Z l : SO2Cl2 .

CTCT l :

Cl
S

O
Bi 9 .
1) Ta c h pt :
2

Cl

pX +3pY = 40.
PX + 4pY = 48 . pX = 16 (S) v pY = 8 (O) .
2

SO 3 v SO 4 .
Phn ng :
+) SO32- +Br2 + H2O HBr + SO42- .
+) SO32- +H+ + S2- S + H2O .
+) SO42- + H+ + Cu Cu2+ + SO2 + H2O .
2) Theo bi :
PA + nA < 35 nn ta c : 2pA < 35 pA < 17,5 .
Vy A chu k nh v thuc PNC nhm V . A l N hoc P .
Nhng X l hp cht ca A v lm qu tm nn X l axit ca A. V Z, G va phn ng vi
dd axit va phn ng vi dd baz Z v G l 2 mui axit ca A .
Nghim hp l l : Xl H3PO4 ; Y l P2O5 ; Z l Na2HPO4 ; G l NaH2PO4 .
Bi 10 .
p n : A l Ca ; B l Cl .
C%CaCl = 19,96 % .
Bi 11 .
Theo bi : M + M + 16 + M + 32 = 120 . M=24 : Mg
M=40 : Ca
M=56 : Fe .
Ho tr c bn l :
Mg2+ ; Ca2+ ; Fe2+ v Fe3+ .

Bi 12 .
Theo bi ta c h
Phng trnh :

4p + n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 =825.
(1)
n3 + n4 n1 = 121 .
(2)
n1 n3 (n2 n4) = 5 .
(3)
4p + n1 + n4 (n2 + n3) = 333 .
(4)
100(p + n4) = 33,5(3p + n1 + n2 + n3) .(5)

T (2) : n1= n3 + n4 121 .

T (3) : n2= n1 n3 + n4 5 = 2n4 126 .
Thay vo (4) ta c : 4p + n3 + n4- 124 + 2n4 n3 + 126 = 333 . p = 82 .
Thay n1 , n2 v p vo (1) v (5) ta c h : 2n3 + 4n4 = 744 .
67n 3 + 0,5n4 = 8233,5
n3 = 122 v n4=125
Vy n1 = 126 v n2 = 124 .
Cc s khi l :
A1=208 ; A2=206 ; A3=204 ; A4= 207 ATB= 207,249 .
Bi 13 .
1)
Cu hnh e ca nguyn t Z=116 :
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p4.
Chu k VII , PNC nhm VI .
2)
Theo bi :
n + l + m + ms = 4,5 .
V l m = 0 .
Nu ms= -1/2 n + l + m = 5 n + 2l = 5 n 5 .
Ta c : n+2(n-1) 5 n 2,3 .
Lp bng n 3 4 5
Ta c : m 1 l 0
Vy : n = 3,m = l = 1 . cu hnh e l 3p6 . A l Ar .
Hoc :
n=5 ; l = m =0 .cu hnh l : 5s2 . A l Sr .
Nu ms= +1/2 n + l + m = 4 n + 2l = 4 n4 n + 2(n 1) 4 n 2 .

Lp bng
Ta c : n 2

m 1 l 0
Vy n = 2 , l = m = 1 v ms =+1/2 . Cu hnh e l : 2p3 . A l N
Hoc n = 4 , l = m = 0 v ms=+1/2 . Cu hnh e l : 4s1 .A l K .
Nghim hp l l nguyn t N .( c hp cht vi hiro)
Hp cht c CT l : NxHy .
S mol ca X = 0,05 mol .
S mol ca O2 = 0,05 mol .
Theo bi : mX=moxi nn MX =Moxi = 32 .
Ta c pt : 14x + y =32 x=2,y=4 . Hp cht l N2H4 .

Bi 14 .
Theo bi ta c h pt

2(2z +n) + 2(2z+n) = 164 .

(4z +4z) 2(n + n) = 52 .
(z + n) (z + n) = 23 .
2z + n 1 2(2z +n + 2) = 7 .

Gii h ta c :
Kt qu :
z = 19 v z = 8 .
Hp cht l : K2O2 .
Dung dch l : KOH v H2O2 .
Phn ng :
KOH + Zn(NO3)2
NH4NO3 + H2O2 2NO + 3H2O .
Bi 15 .
A l P v B l Cl cc hp cht l : PCl3 v PCl5 .
Bi 16 .
+ Ta c pTB=11/5 = 2,2 . Vy X+ phi cha H (z=1) .
Gi CT ca X+ l RnHm+ . Ta c h
n+m=5.
ZR . n + 1 . m = 11 . n=1 v m=4 , ZR =7 .
R l N v X+ l : NH4+ .
t ZTB l s proton trung bnh ca ht nhn cc nguyn t trong Y3- ZTB= 47/5=9,4
Vy 1 nguyn t to nn Y3- chu k 3 :
Gi CT ca Y3-l AxBy3- . Ta c h pt :
x+y=5.
ZB=ZA+ 7 .
ZA.x + ZB.y = 50-3 = 47 .
ZA.x + (ZA+ 7)(5-x) 47 .
Nghim hp l l : (NH4)3PO4 .
Bi 17 .
MX2 l FeS2 c tn gi l pirit st .
Bi 18 .
+S p trong A l x
+S p trong B l y .
Ta c pt : x + 3y = 40.
y < 40/3 = 13,3 .
Vy
B
thuc
chu
k
2
v
-) Nu B l F A l Al (loi )
-) Nu B l N A l K (loi ) .
-) Nu B l O A l S CT l SO32-(hp l ).

phi

kim

Phn 2 : T khi cht kh v phng trnh trng thI kh

Bi 1 .
2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3 .
Ban u :
2x
x
0.
Sau p. :
2x-2hx x-hx 2hx.
Vy :
n1=3x ; n2=3x-hx .
10
3x
P1/p2= n1/n2 p = (3 h) x p = 10(3-h)/3
+ Nu h=0 : p=10 atm .
+ Nu h=100 : p=20/3 atm . Vy 20/3 p 10 .
MTB= mhh/nhh =(64.2x + 32.x)/(3-h)x = 160/3-h .
Ta c : dA/hiro= 80/(3-h) .
80/3 d 40 .
Bi 2 .
Theo bi ta c :
(MX + MY)/2 = 53 .
1/MX + 1/MY = 2/52,53 . MX2 - 106MX + 2784,09 = 0 .
Nghim hp l : MX = 48 .
My =58 .
Bi 3 .
S + O2 =SO2 . S mol hh u = 3x + x +x = 5x (mol ).
S mol kh sau = 3x + x-a + x+a = 5x (mol) . Vy p khng i .
MTB2= 1,089MTB1 .
28.3 x + 32.( x a ) + 64( x a )
28.3 x + 32.x + 64.x
5x
5x
= 1,089 .
180.x +32a = 180.1,089.x a=0,5x x=2a % V =
Ta c :

32a + 180 x
32a
180 x
d=
=1 + 180 x . Vi 0 a 0,5x 1 d 1,088.

Bi 4 .
9, 09.721
S mol kh trc khi bm oxi : n1 = 760.0, 082.300,3 = 0,385 mol .
Trong : noxi= 0,077 v nnit=0,308 . Sau khi thm oxi nhh= 0,445 mol .
Vi noxi =0,137 v nnit=0,308 % V =
Phn ng :
S + O2 SO2
S mol
x x
x
Tng ng
S + 3/2 O2 SO3 .
L :
y 1,5y
y
tng khi lng =mSO2 + mSO3 = 64x +80y = 2,25.32(x+y) x = y .
Kh B gm N2 v O2 d (v nu khng c oxi d th dB/hiro=28/2=14<14,07) .
S mol oxi d l z mol .

0, 308.28 + 32 z
MB= 0, 308 + z =2.14,07 z= 0,011 mol . Vy x+1,5y = 0,308-0,011 = 0,126 .
Vy : x = y = 0,05 mol mS=32(x+y)=3,2 g . % V kh trong A =
Bi 5 .
Gi s mol ca H2 , CO , HCl ln lt l x , y , z mol .
Ta c :
x + y + z = 0,14 .
Gi s mol H2 , CO , NH3 l x , y , t .
Ta c :
x + y + t = 0,15 .
T ta c : t z = 0,01 . Theo bi : mB mA = 0,775 g .
26(x-y) + 17t 36,5z = 0,775 .
Tng s mol kh 2 bnh l : 2(x+y) + t+ z = 0,29 .
Sau khi m kho : nkh = 0,27 mol . P : HCl + NH3 = NH4Cl .
NH3 p. ht v t-z=0,01 . nkh sau p = 2(x+y) + t-z = 0,27 .
Gii h ta c : x=0,08 ; y=0,05 ; z=0,01 ; t=0,02 .T xc nh % V , % m =
Phn 3 : phn ng oxi ho - kh
Cn bng cc phn ng sau theo pp thng bng e
1)2KMnO4 + 5KNO2 +3H2SO4 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 +5KNO3 + 3H2O .
2)6Cu2FeSx + (6x+7)O2 6Cu2O + 2Fe3O4 + 6xSO2.
3)8P + 4NH4ClO4 8H3PO4 + 5N2 +5Cl2 + 8H2O .
4)Cr2S3 + 15Mn(NO3)2 + 20K2CO3 3K2CrO4 + 15K2MnO4 + 2K2SO4+
+ 30 NO + 20CO2 .
5)3As2S3 + 28HNO3 + 4H2O 28NO + 9H2SO4 + 6H3AsO4 .
6)2CuS2 + 20HNO3 6H2SO4 + 14NO + 3Cu(NO3)2 + 4H2O .
7)MnO4- + SO32- + H+ Mn2+ + SO42- + ? .
8)5C8H12 + 18KMnO4 + 27H2SO4 5C7H10O6 + 9K2SO4 + 5CO2 + 18MnSO4
+ 32H2O .
9)5K2C2O4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 10CO2 + 6K2SO4 +2MnSO4 + 8H2O .
10)(C6H10O5)n + 4nK2Cr2O7 + 16nH2SO4 4nCr2(SO4)3 + 4nK2SO4 + 6nCO2
+ 21n H2O
11)3CrI3 +27 Cl2 +64 KOH 2K2CrO4 +6KIO4 +54 KCl +32H2O .
12)3H2S + K2Cr2O7 +4H2SO4 3S + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 7 H2O
13)2CrCl3 +3 H2O2 + 10NaOH 2Na2CrO4 + 6NaCl +8 H2O .
14)FeS2 + HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + Fe(NO3)3 + SO2 + N2O + H2O .

15)2C6H5CH=CH2 +20 KMnO4 +13Ba(OH)2 (C6H5COO)2Ba +2 BaCO3 +

+ 10K2Ba(MnO4)2 + 16H2O .
16)(5a-2b+8)MxOy + (6nax-2nbx+2nx-2ay-4y)HNO3 x(5a-2b+8) M(NO3)n
+(nx-2y) NaOb +(nx-2y) NH4NO3 +(3nax-nbx+3nx-ay+2y) H2O.
17)13Zn +32 HNO3 N2 + N2O + NH4NO3 + 13Zn(NO3)2 +14 H2O .
18)p(4n+m-2z)MxOy + 2(py-qx) x(4n+m-2z)MpOq + 2n(py-qx)CO2 +
+m(py-qx)H2O.
19)K2Cr2O7 + HCl + FeCl2 CrCl3 + Cl2 + FeCl2 + KCl + H2O .
20)15C17H31COOH + 68KMnO4 + 102H2SO4 15 C6H12O2 +30C3H4O4 +
+10C9H16O4 +68MnSO4 +34 K2SO4 + 112H2O .
Phn 4 : Bi tp halogen
Bi 1:
a) NaCl HCl Cl2 HCl H2 H2S CuS .
b) Cl2 KClO KClO3 KClO4 KCl KNO3 KNO2 .
CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 NaOH .
c) KBr Br2 HBr HCl Cl2 FeCl3 FeCl2 .
H2SO4

FeCl2

Bi 2 .
Kh CO2 ln hi nc c lm kh bng : P2O5 ; H2SO4c ; CaCl2 khan .
Bi 3 .
Khng dng iu ch HBr v HI v xy ra phn ng :
NaBr + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + SO2 + Br2 + H2O .
NaI + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + I2 + H2S + H2O .
+ ) Phng php iu ch :
Cho PBr3 + H2O HBr + H3PO3 ;
Cho Br2 + H2S HBr + S .
Cho I2 + H2S HI + S .
Cho PI3 + H2O HI + H3PO3 .
Cho KI , KBr + H3PO4 HI , HBr + KH2PO4 .
Bi 4 .
1)+Cho dd KI + h tinh bt vo : Giy tm h tinh bt chuyn mu xanh l NaClO .
NaClO + 2KI + H2O NaCl + I2 + 2KOH .
+Dng qu nhn ra HCl .
+Dng dd AgNO3 nhn ra NaCl v NaBr .
2)un nng hh , chng ct thu c Cl2O (kh) em ho tan vo nc c dd HClO: Cl2O
+ H2O HClO .
Bi 5 .
X c cu hnh 5p5 nn X l Iot . zI=53 n = 1,3962. 53 = 74 .
M= 127 .

Theo bi ta c : 18,26.2.Y 4,29.2.Y = 4,29.127.2 Y=39 . Nguyn t K .

Ta c : nY = 74/3,7=20 zY = 39-20=19 . Vit cu hnh e
Bi 6 . a)Cho hh + Cl2 d dd (NaCl , Na2CO3 , Br2) sau cho + dd HCl ri c cn thu c
NaCl khan .
b)Cho hh + dd BaCl2 d dd (NaCl , BaCl2 , NaBr, MgCl2 , CaCl2) . Sau cho + dd Na2CO3
d , lc b kt ta dd (NaCl , NaBr , Na2CO3). Ri lm nh trn .
Bi 7 . a) +)Cho + H2d ri ho tan sp trong nc dd HCl . Sau cho +MnO2 thu ly kh Cl2
+) Cho + H2d ri ho tan sp trong nc dd HCl . Sau cho +MnO2 thu ly kh Cl2
b)Tin hnh nung hh ri ngng t thu c NH4Cl .
Phn cn li em + dd NaOH d , lc kt ta em ho tan trong dd HCl ri c cn c
MgCl2 khan .
Dung dch nc lc cho + dd Na2CO3 d , ri lc kt ta em ho tan trong dd HCl , sau
c cn sn phm thu c BaCl2 khan .
Bi 8 .
a)Xem bi 3 .
b)Phn ng :
Fe + 2HBr FeBr2 + H2 .
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 .
Dd A + Cl2 :
FeCl2 + Cl2 FeCl3 .
FeBr2 + Cl2 FeCl3 + Br2 .
Dd A + Br2 :
FeCl2+ Br2 FeCl3 + FeBr3 .
FeBr2 + Br2 FeBr3 .
Bi 9 .
Theo bi ta c h :
2ZR + NR + 2ZX + NX = 149
ZR + ZX = 46
NR + NX = 57 NX = 45 , NR =12 .
NX = 3,75.NR
MRX= ZR + ZX + NR + NX = 46 + 57 = 103 .
Vy MR = 22,33.103/100 = 23 MX = 80 . Hp cht NaBr .
b) hh NaCl(a mol ) ; NaBr(b mol) ; NaI(c mol)
ta c h :
58,5.a + 103.b + 150.c = 5,76 .
58,5.a + 103.(b+c) = 5,29 . c=0,01 mol .
+)Nu Cl2 ch phn ng vi NaI : K.lng mui = 5,76-0,01.150+0,1.58,5 = 4,845 g
Theo bi m= 3,955 g (nn loi ).
+)Vy Cl2 phn ng vi NaI v NaBr :
Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2 .
0,04-a
0,04-a.
Hh mui khan gm : NaBr d (b-0,04+a) . v NaCl ( 0,05) . Vy ta c :
58,5.0,05 + 103.(a+b-0,04) = 3,955 . a= 0,02 mol ; b= 0,03 mol ; c= 0,01 mol .
Bi 10 .
Gi s mol cc mui trong hh B : NaI (x mol) ; NaCl(y mol) ; NaBr(z mol) .
2NaI + Br2 2NaCl + I2
p.
z mol
z mol
Trong A : NaI (x+z) mol ; NaCl y mol .
Ta c : 58,5y = 3,9.150x y=10x . (1)
Sc Cl2 :
Cl2 + 2NaI = 2NaCl + I2 . v Cl2 + 2NaBr = 2NaCl + Br2 .
Vy
x mol x mol
z mol
z mol

 gim k.l :

mB mC = 150x+103z (58,5x + 58,5z) = 91,5x+44,5z .

ThayF2 :
F2 + 2NaI = 2NaF + I2 ; F2 + 2NaBr = 2NaF + Br2 ; F2 + 2NaCl = 2NaF + Cl2
Cho Cl2
x
x
z
z
y
y
Vy : mB m D = 150x+58,5y+103z-(x+y+z)42 = 108x +61z + 16,5y .
Khi :
108x+ 16,5y + 61z = 2.(91,5x+44,5z) (2).
T (1) v (2) : x = 14z/45 v y = 10x = 140z/45 %NaCl=51,93 v %NaI=48,07 .
Bi 11 .
S mol :
Ta c h :

CO2 + NaOH = NaHCO3 v CO2 + 2NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O .

x
x
x
y
2y
y
x + y = 0,1

84x + 106y = 9,5 . x=y = 0,05 mol .

Vy nNaOH = 0,15 mol . nnc = 0,15 mol .
2NaBr + 2H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O
S mol
x
x/2
8NaI +5H2SO4 = 4 Na2SO4 + 4I2 + H2S + 4H2O .
S mol
y
y/8
2H2S + SO2 = 3S + 2H2O
S mol
y/8
x/2
0,15
Vy :
y=8.0,15 = 1,2 mol ; x= 0,15 mol . m= 0,15.103 + 1,2.150 = 195,45 gam .
Bi 12: Theo bi trong 50 g dd A :
+) nHCl= nAgCl = 0,05 mol mHCl = 1,825 g v mnc = 50-1,825 = 48,175 g
+) mHCl sinh ra = 1,825. 192,7/48,175= 7,3 g
Do Vhiro > VClo nn : H = 0,2 . 100 / 0,3 = 66,67% .
b)
Mg + 2HCl = MgCl2 + H2 v Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2 .
Ta c mCl-=3,9625 1,3 = 2,6625 g nHClp = nCl- = 2,6625/ 35,5 = 0,075 mol .
Vy : nHCld = 0,2.100/(7,3+192,7) 0,075 = 0,025 mol .
Theo bi ta c h :
24x + 56y = 1,3
95x + 127y = 3,9625 . x= 0,025 v y = 0,0125 . tp .
Bi 13 .
FeO + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2O .
Fe3O4
x
x
Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 = Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O .
S mol :
y
y
Ta c : 152x + 400y = 31,6 .
6FeSO4 + 3Cl2 = 2FeCl3 + 2Fe2(SO4)3 .
S mol
x
x/3
x/3
Vy :
162,5.x/3 + 400.x/3 + 400y = 33,375 . x=0,05 v y= 0,06 .
Kt lun : m = 2(0,05.72 + 0,06.160) = 26,4 gam .
Bi 14: Phn ng :
NaCl + AgNO3 = AgCl + NaNO3.(1)
KCl + AgNO3 = AgCl + KNO3 . (2)
MgCl2 + 2AgNO3 = 2AgCl + Mg(NO3)2 . (3)
Mg + 2AgNO3 = Mg(NO3)2 + 2Ag . (4)
Mg + 2HCl = MgCl2 + H2 (5).

Mg(NO3)2 + 2NaOH = Mg(OH)2 + 2NaNO3 .(6)

Mg(OH)2 = MgO + H2O
(7) .
Kt ta A: AgCl .
Dung dch B c p. vi Mg nn c AgNO3 d .
Khi lng C gim khi td HCl C c Mg d . Vy C gm Mg ; Ag ;
Khi lng gim = mMgd sau(4) s mol Mg tham gia (4) = (2-1,844)/24 = 0,0065 .
Theo (4) s mol Mg(NO3)2 = 0,0065 .
S mol Mg(NO3)2 to t (3) v (4) = s mol MgO = 0,3/40=0,0075 .
Vy s mol Mg(NO3)2 to (3) = 0,001 mol ..
Theo (4) s mol AgNO3 trong B = 2nMg = 0,0065.2 = 0,013 mol .
Vy s mol AgNO3 (1) (2) (3) = 0,12-0,13 = 0,107 mol .
Kt ta A : mAgCl = 0,107.143,5 = 15,345 g .
Kt ta C : mAg (4) + mMg = 0,013.108 + 1,844 = 3,248.khi lng MgCl2 =0,001.95
Gi NaCl(x) v KCl(y) ta c : x + y + 2.0,001 = 0,107
58,5x + 74,5y + 0,095 = 6,3175 . x=0,1 v y=0,005 .
Vy : Mg (0,095) ; NaCl (0,1.58,5) ; KCl( 0,005.74,5) . % =
Bi 15 .
Qui i :
64x + 56y + 27z = 23,8 .
X + 3y/2 + 3z/2 = 0,65
Y + 3z/2 = 0,2(x+y+z)/0,25 . x=0,2 ; y=0,1 ; z=0,2 .
Dd 3 mui : 0,05.56 mFe 0,25.56 . ( AlCl3 , FeCl2 , CuCl2 )
Dd 4 mui : mFe < 0,05.56 . ( FeCl2 , FeCl3 , CuCl2 , AlCl3)
Dd 2 mui : mFe > 0,25.56 ( AlCl3 , FeCl2) .
Bi 16 .
KClO3 = KCl + 3/2O2 .(1)
2KMnO4 =K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 (2) .Gi noxi sinh ra = x mol nkk= 3x mol
Vy s mol N2 = 2,4x mol . v tng s mol O2 = x + 0,6x
Ta c :
nC = 0,044 mol
TH1: O2 d : 1,6x > 0,044 . C + O2 = CO2
hhD : O2d(1,6x-0,044)
mA = 12,29 gam .
CO2 (0,044)
N2 (2,4x)
CO2 chim 22,92% x= 0,048 mol . % hh A
TH2: O2thiu :
C + O2 = CO2 v 2C+ O2= 2 CO .
hh D : CO2 (y mol) v N2(2,4x mol) v CO(3,2x-y) : 3,2x y = 0,044 .
y.100
3, 2 x + 2, 4 x + y y = 22,92 .
Vy : x=0,0229 v y= 0,02946 % hh A =
Ta c mA = 11,49 gam .
TH1 : Vclo = 2,576 lt
TH2 : Vclo = 3,23 lt .
Phn 5 : Bi tp v oxi lu hunh v hp cht
Bi 1.
a) X: H2S ; Y: SO2 ; Z: FeS .
b) A :FeSO4 ; B: Fe2(SO4)3 ; G : FeCl2 .

Bi 2.
A : NaHSO4 ; B : Na2SO4 ; C: BaS ;
D : Na2CO3 ; E : AgNO3 ; F : AlCl3 ;
Bi 3 .
a) A1: NaHSO3 ; A2: Na2SO3 ; A3:SO2 ; A4:SO3 ; A5: H2SO4 ; A6: NaHSO4 .
b)Axit :HCl ; HClO ; HClO3 ; H2S ; H2SO4 ;
Mui : FeCl2 ; FeCl3 ; FeSO4 ; Fe2(SO4)3 ; CuSO4 ; CuCl2 ; CuS ; FeS ;
Bi 4.
A1:H2S ; A2:SO2 ; A3:FeS ; A4: H2SO4 ; A5: HBr ; B1: FeBr2 ; B2: FeSO4 .
Bi 5.
a)
Dng dd NaOH lm thuc th .
b)
+Dng dd Br2SO32+Dng dd HCl CO32+Dng dd BaCl2 SO42+Dng dd HCl v Cu NO3Bi 6: A: H2S ; B : Na2S ; C: SO2 ; D: H2SO4 ; E: FeS .
Bi 7: A: SO2 ; B: H2SO4 ; C: H2S ; D: NaHS ; E: Na2S ;
Bi 8: Fe + O2 hh A : FeO ; Fe2O3 ; Fe3O4 ; Fe d
hhA + H2SO4 SO2(0,035 mol).
Gi nFe=a v noxi=b ta c : 56a + 16b = 5,04
Theo LBT e :
Fe 3e = Fe+3
O2 + 4e = 2O-2
Vy a 3a
4b b
+6
S + 2e = S+4
2.0,035<-- 0,035
Ta c pt : 3a = 4b + 0,07 a = 0,07=b x=0,07.56 = 3,92 g
Bi 9 : Gi nCu= x mol ; nCuO=y mol ; nCu2O=z mol ;
64x +80y + 144z = m.
Tch : Cho hh + H2d Cu.
Pt :
CuO + H2 = Cu + H2O
Cu2O +H2 = 2Cu + H2O
Khi cho + H2SO4 d CuO + H2SO4 = CuSO4 + H2O
Cu2O + H2SO4 = Cu + CuSO4 + H2O.
Ta c :
64(x+z) = m/4.(1)
Khi un vi HCl c d : CuO + HCl = CuCl2 + H2O
Cu2O + 2HCl = 2CuCl + H2O
Ta c :
80y + 144z = 85m/100(2)
T (1) v (2) : z =10m/6400 v y = 50m/6400
T m gam hh thu c : (64x + 64y + 128z ) gam Cu .
?
42,5 gam Cu .
42,5m
64 x + 64 y + 128 z
Khi lng hn hp cn =
= 50 gam .
Bi 10 : Ta c : nH+=0,9 mol v nhiro=0,16 mol H+ d , Fe v Mg ht .
Vi : nH+d =0,58 mol . x + y = 0,16

Rn C : Fe2O3 v MgO 40x + 160y/2 = 9,6

x=0,08 v y=0,08 mCu=3,84 g VSO2= 1,344 lt
Trong 2,56 g X : nFe= 0,02 ; nCu= 0,015 ; nMg= 0,02
Ta c : s mol AgNO3 = 0,085 mol Mg ht ; Fe ht ; Cu phn ng mt phn mE =
0,04.108 + 0,04.108 + 0,005.108 + 0,0125.64 = 9,98 g
Bi 11 :
1)
H2SO4 + Mg MgSO4 + H2
C
y
y
Theo bi : s mol H2SO4 =x.a/9800
H2SO4 + 2Na Na2SO4 + H2
a x.a /100
18
V
t
t
Vy nnc =
.
H2O + Na NaOH + 1/2H2
Ta c : nhiro = 0,05a/2 = 0,025a .
Vy :
y + t + (a 0,01xa)/2.18 = 0,025a (1)
V
y + t = x.a/9800
(2)
T (1) v (2) ta c x = 15,8%.
2) nBa = x
v nM = y 137x + My = 1,6
Ta c
x + y/2 = 0,015
Vi 0,0099 < x < 0,0101 0,0098 < y < 0,0102
T y =0,455/(68,5-M) 22,07 < M < 23,9 M l Na.
Bi 12:
X
+ O2 oxit moxi = 6 7,68/2 = 2,16 g.
Y
noxi = 0,0675 mol .
O2 + 4e = 2O22H+ + 2e = H2.
Vi: 0,0675 0,27
2a
a
Bton e : 2a = 0,27 a = 0,135 V = 3,024 lt .
+ Nu ch to mui Cl- : p = 7,68/2 + 0,135.2.35,5 = 13,425 gam .
+ Nu ch to mui SO42- : p = 7,68/2 + 0,135.96 = 16,8 gam .
Thc t : To c 2 mui nn : 13,425 < p < 16,8 .
Bi 13: 160x + 56y = 7,18
Fe2O3 Fe2(SO4)3 + Fe 3FeSO4
S mol
x
x
x
3x
Vy
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4
S mol
y-x
y-x
Khi : nFeSO4 = 2x + y
Pt : 10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 Fe2(SO4)3
0,006
0,0012
Vy nFeSO4 = 0,006.500/25 x = 0,01 v y = 0,1 %Fe = 77,99%
c)
Vdd KMnO4 = 0,0127 lt .
Bi 14 :
SO2 + NaOH(1 mol) 51,5g cht rn Vi : nSO2 = x
Ta c : Nu NaOH ht : mcrn > 23.1 + 80x x< 0,36 nhng nNaOH =1
d NaOH loi Vy NaOH d lp h pt
Bi 15 :R2S + O2 + RO + SO2

RO + 2HCl = RCl2 = H2O .

1,6g

a/2

a/2

Gi nHCl = a mdd HCl =125a

Vy : mRCl2= (R+71).a/2
( R + 71).a / 2
Ta c :
C% = ( R + 16).a / 2 + 125 =0,409 R= 64 Cu
Ta c : nCu2S=0,01 nCuO=0,02 nCuCl2=0,02 .
Vi : mdd CuCl2cn= 165a-1,71= 4,89 nCuCl2cn =0,01 nCuCl2 kt tinh=0,01
135 + 18n = 1,71/0,01=171 n=2 CuCl2.2H2O
b) nCl2+nH2 = 0,08
v nH2 = 0,02 nCl2 = 0,06 nCl2 do p CuCl2=0,04 nCuCl2= 0,04.
Vy NaCl cha in phn mKCl = 0,02.74,5 mNaCl = 1,17nNaCl=0,02
Ta c nHCl =2nH2 = 0,04 CM=
96500.0, 06.71
71.3600
I=
=