Page 1

Chemistry 1A, Spring 2007

Midterm Exam 2
March 5, 2007
(90 min, closed book)

Name:___________ ____________

SID:____________________________

TA Name:_______________________

1.) Write your name on every page of this exam.
2.) This exam has 40 multiple choice questions. Fill in the Scantron form AND circle
your answer on the exam.
3.) There is no penalty for guessing, so answer every question.
4.) Some questions may require bubbling in more than one choice to receive credit.

Name_________________________
Page 2

800 600 400 200
IR Red Green Blue UV
Wavelength (nm)
Color and Wavelength of Light
AG = AH - TAS
AH = E AH
f
(products) - E AH
f
(reactants)
AS = E S (products) - E S (reactants)
AG = E AG
f
(products) - E AG
f
(reactants)
S = k
B
lnW



AG = - RTln K
R
S
T R
H
K
A
+
A
=
1
ln
AG = - nFA

pX = - log X
] [
] [
log
HA
A
pK pH
a

+ =












E = hv
v = c

deBroglie
= h / p = h / mv
E
kin
(e-) = hv - u = hv - hv
0

= R
n
Z
E
n
2
2

[SaK
p = mv
Particle in a box (1-D Quantum):
E
n
= h
2
n
2
/8mL
2

; n = 1, 2, 3...

PV = nRT
RT E
kin
2
3
=

M
3RT
v
rms
=

AE = q + w
w = - P
ext
AV
T nR E A = A
2
3

N
0
= 6.02214 x 10
23
mol
-1
R

= 2.179874 x 10
-18
J
R

= 3.28984 x 10
15
Hz
k = 1.38066 x 10
-23
J K
-1

h = 6.62608 x 10
-34
J s
m
e
= 9.101939 x 10
-31
kg
c = 2.99792 x 10
8
m s
-1

Gas Constant:
R = 8.31451 J K
-1
mol
-1

R = 8.20578 x 10
-2
L atm K
-1
mol
-1
T (K) = T (C) + 273.15
F = 96,485 C / mol
1 V = 1 J / C 1 nm = 10
-9
m
1 kJ = 1000 J

h
Name_________________________
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SECTION 1: QUANTUM MECHANICS AND ATOMIC THEORY
1.) Which of the following lists the sizes of the 1s orbitals for each species from
smallest to largest?
A) H<He
+
<Li
2+
<C
5+
<Fe
B) Fe
25+

25+
<C
5+
<Li
2+
<He
+
C) Fe
<H
25+
<He
+
<Li
2+
< C
5+
D) H<He
<H
+
< C
5+
<Fe
25+
<Li
E) Need more information.
2+


2.) Which of the following will become more paramagnetic upon ionization to form a
+1 ion? Mark all that apply.
A) N B) Ni C) Te D) Ba E) Hg



3.) From which orbital must an electron be removed from the Sr
2+
ion in its ground
state to form Sr
3+
?
A) 5s B) 4s C) 5p D) 4p E) 3d




4.) The figure below represents part of the emission spectrum for a one-electron ion in
the gas phase. The lines shown are the result of electronic transitions to the n=3
state. The wavelength of line B is 142.5 nm. What is the identity of the ion?





A) He
+
B) He C) Li
2+
D) Be
3+
E) Be

2+





All have one electron,
compare effective nucleus charges.
Draw out electronic configuration and compare the #
of unpair electron before and after ionization.
Electronic configuration of Sr2+ is same as Kr.
4->3
5->3
6->3
Energy levels of one-electron atom:
E=-R*Z^2/n^2
Line B has energy matching difference b/t n=5
and n=3 levels.
Name_________________________
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SECTION 2: PERIODIC TABLE
For the next two questions assume that the ionization energy of Na is 496 kJ/mol
and the electron affinity of Cl is -349 kJ/mol.
5.) What is the approximate net energy change in producing Na
+
and Cl

A) 147 B) 0 C) 845 D) -147 E) -845

from Na and
Cl atoms (kJ/mol)?


6.) What is the net energy change in making the NaCl molecule (kJ/mol)?
A) -642 B) 147 C) 323 D) 510 E) 845


For the next four questions consider the following atoms: Br, Sn, Sb, Se, In.
7.) Which has the largest atomic radius?
A) Br B) Sn C) Sb D) Se E) In
8.) Which is the most paramagnetic?
A) Br B) Sn C) Sb D) Se E) In
9.) Which has the largest ionization energy?
A) Br B) Sn C) Sb D) Se E) In
10.) Which has the largest electronegativity?
A) Br B) Sn C) Sb D) Se E) In

SECTION 3: BONDING
11.) Which pair has the strongest bonding interaction?
A) C and H B) N and H C) Na and Cl D) O and Cl E) C and Cl.

12.) Which pair would form an ionic bond?
A) C and H B) N and H C) Na and Cl D) O and Cl E) C and Cl.

13.) Which pair would form a bond that has a dipole moment?
A) C and H B) N and H C) Na and Cl D) O and Cl E) all of these

14.) How many resonance structures does the nitrate ion (NO
3

A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4
) have?

496kJ/mol + (-349kJ/mol) = 147 kJ/mol
When ionic bonding is formed energy always be
released, so choose the only negative answer.
In Sn Sb
Se Br
Atomic radius increases
along the same group,
decreases along the same
period.
IE increases along the
same period, decreases
along the same group
Electronegativity has
similar trends as IE
Ionic bondinds are stronger than covalent bondings
Large electronegativity difference results ionic bonds
Name_________________________
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15.) What is the NO bond order in NO
3

A) 1 B) 1 1/3 C) 1 1/2 D) 1 2/3 E) 2

?

16.) What is the formal charge of the central atom in sulfur trioxide SO
3
A) -2 B) -1 C) 0 D) +1 E) +2
?


17.) What is the electronic geometry in the molecule SO
3
A) tetrahedral
?
B) trigonal pyramidal
C) bent
D) trigonal planar
E) square planar

18.) What is the OSO bond angle in SO
2
Cl
2
A) ~90
?
o
B) ~120
o
C) ~180
o
D) ~109.5
o
E) ~45

o


19.) What is the hybridization of the central atom in SF
4
A) sp B) sp
?
2
C) sp
3
D) sp
3
d E) sp
3
d

2
20.) What is the molecular geometry in the molecule SF
4
A) tetrahedral
?
B) trigonal bipyramidal
C) see-saw
D) t-shaped
E) square pyramidal

21.) Which of the following molecules has a molecular structure most similar to CH
4
A) SF
?
4
B)

XeF
4
C) SiCl
4
D) NH
3

E) None of these



22.) Which of the following molecules is polar? Mark all that apply.
A) SO
2
F
2
B) SO
3
C) SF
4
D) SF
6
E) CH

4




One double bond and two single bonds are shared by three locations: 4/3 = 1 1/3
Formal charge = (# of valence e-) - (# of nonbonding e-) - (# of bondings)
= 6 - 0 - 4 = +2
Steric number = 3
Steric number = 4 --> sp3 hybridized, tetrahedral shape, bond angle 109.5
SN=5, dsp3 hybridized
SN=5 --> Triagonal bipyramidal eletronic shape
One lone pair --> See-saw molecular shape
SN=5 SN=6
SN=4
SN=4
one lone pair
Resonance
Dipole cancelled out
Dipole cancelled out
Name_________________________
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23.) How many sigma (s) bonds are in the biacetyl complex shown below?



A) 9 B) 10 C) 11 D) 12 E) 13

24.) Molecular orbitals are similar to hybrid orbitals in that?
A) They both are spherically symmetric.
B) Both can be formed from combinations of atomic orbitals.
C) Both are pi bonding orbitals.
D) Both can be formed on a single atom.
E) None are true.

25.) How many valid structural isomers exist for the molecular formula C
6
H
14
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 7
?



26.) In which of the following molecules is the carbon-carbon bond likely to be the
strongest?
A) H
3
CCH
B) H
3

2
CCH
C) CH
2

3
CH
2
D) HCCH
F
E) H
2

CO
27.) Which process involving a photon is responsible for the conversion of O
2
triplet
(two unpaired electrons) to O
2
A) absorption B) emission C) ionization
singlet (no unpaired electrons)?
28.) In hydrogen cyanide the configuration is H-C-N. What is the best description of
the CH bond?
A) 2s on carbon combined with 1s on hydrogen.
B) 2p on carbon combined with 2p on hydrogen.
C) sp
3
D) sp
on carbon combined with 1s on hydrogen.
2
on carbon combined with sp
2
E) sp on carbon combined with 1s on hydrogen.
on hydrogen.
Single bond: 1 sigma bond
Double bond: 1 sigma + 1 pi
Triple bond: 1 sigma + 2 pi
MO: of two different atoms
Hybrid Orbital: of the same
atom
I can't draw it in Acrobat so try to work this out by yourself...
Triple bond, bond order=3
Triplet O2 is more stable, according to Hund's rule
C is sp hybridized (SN=2)
Name_________________________
Page 7

Consider the molecules and molecular ions F
2
and F
2

, O
2

and O
2

, and N
2
and N
2

to
answer the following three questions (the relative energies of the molecular orbitals for
each is shown).
N
2
O
2
F

2











29.) Which of the following, according to molecular orbital theory, has the strongest
bond?
A) F
2
B) F
2

C) O
2

D) N
2
E) N
2


30.) Which of the following, according to molecular orbital theory, has the weakest
bond?
A) F
2
B) F
2

C) O
2

D) N
2
E) N
2


31.) Which of the following bonds gets weaker when the species shown is ionized?
A) F
2
B) F
2

C) O
2

D) N
2
E) N
2

Use the molecular orbitals for a diatomic molecule to answer questions 32-36.
32.) Which antibonding orbital would form between atomic s orbitals?
33.) Which sigma bonding orbital would form between atomic p orbitals?
34.) Which is the lowest energy sigma bonding orbital?
35.) Which is the highest energy sigma antibonding orbital?
36.) Which is the highest energy orbital? C
A B C
D E
A
D
B
A
C
BO=1 BO=1/2 BO=3 BO=2 1/2 BO=1 1/2
BO
1 -> 1 1/2 1/2 -> 1 1 1/2 -> 2 3 -> 2 1/2 2 1/2 -> 3
sigma(1s)
pi_* (2p) sigma(2p) pi(2p) sigma_* (1s)
Name_________________________
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37.) Which of the following is chiral?


SECTION 4: LABORATORY
38.) A student collects data on a sunscreen with an SPF of 15. If the absorbance of a
0.17 M solution is 0.21 and the absorbance of a 0.39 M solution is 0.57, what is
the molarity of a solution that has an absorbance reading of 0.88?
A) 1.9 B) 1.1 C) 1.7 D) 0.54 E) 0.92



39.) If butyric acid (shown right) smells sour, which one of the following compounds is
also likely to smell sour?







40.) You want to determine the concentration of an unknown base solution. You use
0.107 M HCl and titrate 20.0 mL of the unknown base solution. Upon the addition
of 21.4 mL of HCl, the indicator turns green and you know that youve reached the
endpoint of the titration. What is the concentration of the base solution?
A) 0.0920 M B) 0.100 M C) 0.114 M D) 0.997 M E) 1.00 M

CH
3
H
H OH C
CH
3
H
H H C
CH
3
OH
H Cl C
H

H
H H C
H
H
H OH C
A) B) C) D) E)
Butyric Acid
A B C D E
I got some number around 0.65M...
Chiral center: a tetrahedral carbon connecting to four different groups/atoms
Has the same carboxyic acid functional group
moles of acid = moles of base
0.107M * 21.4mL = xM * 20.0mL
x=0.114