Hng dn lp trnh Socket

Link c nhiu v d mu bng C# (rt tic l khng c bi vit i km, ch c code) t c bn ti trung cp: SocketCoder.Com - Your Software to be Connected c bit vi ngi mi th nn c tng v d mt y: SocketCoder.Com - Articles (chn Category l Basic Network Programming sau c tng bi mt. Theo th t ca cc bi v d ny s gip bn tit kim rt nhiu thi gian tm hiu socket trong C#. CH : Ti rt hay gp cc bn sinh vin cn 1-2 tun phi np bi th m mm khp ni hi han. Ti mun NHN MNH vi cc bn l socket khng phi l ti n gin. Do ng ch quan. Bn cn dnh t nht 2-3 thng nghin ngm t t. Cn mun thnh master v distributed programming, c l cn 5-10 nm. Cch hc: - Vi cc bn qu gp rt phi np bi, lp tc nhai cho ht m examples trong mc basic networking programming trn. (xem thm mt s pointers bn di) - Vi cc bn mun dn thn su vo networking. Bn cn phi nm vng: a/ Threading (vng, threading cc quan trng khi lm vic vi socket. Bn cn nm r threading trong .net v nn bit thm khi nim threading ca h iu hnh) b/ Nm vng khi nim ca networking (topology, router, gateway, DNS, IP, DHCP). Bt buc phi nm Socket, UDP, TCP, HTTP. Ngoi ra bit thm cc protocol khc na th cng tt. - Vi cc bn mun thnh master vi distributed programming. Bn cn: a/ Nm Remoting, WebService, WCF, SOAP, XML-RPC, WS-E b/ Serialization (vng, serialization rt quan trng, y l k nng c bn rt hay b b qun). c/ Design Patterns, c bit l nhng khi nim lin quan ti concurrency, scalability, security, v interoperability. d/ Nm vng cc m hnh threading ca server (chng hn: single thread per connection, blocking, non-blocking, asynchronous, APM) e/ Nm vng cc m hnh events (polling, full-duplex, comet, ...) Mt s keyword nn tm hiu l: Dark Star Project, Google App Engine, Google Big Table, Hadoop, BitTorrent, KaZaa, Cloud Computing, Grid Computing. c bit cn c cc bi vit trn trang ny: High Scalability - High Scalability Trang ny rt hay, c cc bi vit m t kin trc ca nhng h thng thnh cng. Mt s pointer cho cc bn mi hc v Socket - C mt ch thng lm cc bn mi b kh hiu l vi client ch cn 1 socket l connect ti server. Nhng vi server, bn cn 01 + n sockets. Ngha l cn 1 socket listen for connection request. Socket ny c nhim v lng nghe xem client no mun kt ni. Khi kt ni vi mt client mi c thit lp th server s t ng c cp thm mt socket khc (vi port khc port ca socket dng listen). y chnh l socket bn gi d liu v cho client, ch khng phi socket ban u dng lng nghe connection request. Ni tm li, client ch c 1 socket, nhng server s c 1 socket chp nhn connection, v vi mi client s c thm 1 socket ring c, ghi d liu cho client tng ng. - Ln Google nm vng UDP v TCP khc nhau th no. iu ny rt quan trng. Cc v d trong .NET thng khng gii thch nhng im khc nhau. Quan trng nht cc bn cn nm l: + UDP does not guarantee delivery: ngha l mi ln gi d liu, nu dng UDP th khng bo m bn kia nhn c c. Cn TCP lun m bo gi l nhn. (Tr phi b t kt ni th chu) => cho chc n, c dng TCP. + TCP does not honor packet boundaries: ngha l TCP tuy m bo gi, nhng khng m bo kch thc, v d nu mnh gi 3 ln nh sau: "ABC" , "DEF", "GHI" th rt c th bn kia nhn l: "ABC" , "DEF", "GHI" hoc "ABCD", "EF", "GHI" hoc "ABCDEFG", "HI" ni chung TCP m bo min ti l c, cn ti th no l ty theo n. (y khng phi l nhc im, m l u im flow-control ca TCP). - Do c tnh ca TCP, nn cc bn mi quen hay b vp phi li rt c bn: em lm text chat th rt tt, nhng khi gi data nhiu nh file hoc hnh chng hn th lc lc thiu y chnh l do TCP khng honor packet bounds. + bo m d liu y , bn cn c mt class ring qun l d liu nhn c. Trong .NET c sn lp ny, tn ca n l NetworkStream. (Nu bn c tutorials s thy ngi ta hay dng ngay NetworkStream cho tin) - Lp trnh Socket trong .NET nhn chung c nhiu phng php ring bit, chng hn nh blocking, non-blocking, asynchronous, APM (Asynchronous Programming Model, ch c t .Net 3.5). Mi m hnh hot ng khc nhau hon ton. Khi mi bt u th dng TcpClient cho d xi, sau tm hiu qua cc m hnh trn. Happy programming!!! :-)

1.C ch gi hm trong lp trnh Socket

a.TCP

Lp trnh Socket vi TCP

b.UDP

Lp trnh Socket vi UDP

2.Th vin lp trnh Winsock

2.1. Khi ng v ng th vin

2.1.1. Khi ng Winsock
int WSAStartup(WORD wVersionRequested, LPWSADATA lpWSAData);

Cc tham s: - wVersionRequested l phin bn th vin m mnh s dng. y s l gi tr 00202 c ngha l phin bn 2.2. - lpWSData l mt s thng tin b sung s c tr v sau khi gi khi to Winsock 2.1.2. ng th vin Winsock
WSACleanup (void);

2.2. Window socket

2.2.1. To socket
SOCKET s = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_IP);

Cc tham s: af: [in] m t h a ch. type: [in] kiu ca socket. + SOCK_STREAM: TCP socket + SOCK_DGRAM: UDP socket -protocol: [in] nghi thc c s dng trn socket. + SOCK_DGREAM -> protocol l: IPPROTO_UDP + SOCK_STREAM -> protocol l: IPPROTO_IP + SOCK_RAW -> protocol c th l: IPPROTO_RAW hay IPPROTO_ICMP 2.2.2 Hm ly tn my mnh:
int gethostname(char* name, int namelen);

2.2.3Hm ly thng tin theo tn my:

struct hostent* FAR gethostbyname(const char* name);

* Cc tham s name: [in] tn ca my tnh cn phn gii. * Gi tr tr v Mt cu trc HOSTENT, nu thnh cng NULL, nu c li Trong hostent c nh ngha
typedef struct hostent { char FAR* h_name; // Tn my tnh char FAR FAR** h_aliases; // B danh my tnh short h_addrtype; // Kiu IP (AF_INET) short h_length; // Kch thc IP char FAR FAR** h_addr_list; // Danh sch cc a ch IP // 1 host c th c 1 hoc nhiu IP } HOSTENT,

2.2.4 Ly thng tin khi bit a ch IP

hostent* FAR gethostbyaddr(const char* addr, int len, int type);

Cc tham s addr: [in] a ch ca my tnh theo th t network-byte. len: [in] chiu di ca chui a ch

 type: [in] kiu ca a ch, c thit lp l AF_INET. * Gi tr tr v Mt cu trc HOSTENT, nu thnh cng NULL, nu c li

2.3. TCP
2.3.1. Gn a ch cho socket
int bind( SOCKET s, const struct sockaddr FAR* name, int namelen )

Cc tham s s: [in] socket cha c gn kt a ch. name: [in] a ch c gn cho socket, mt cu trc SOCKADDR. namelen: [in] kch thc ca gi tr tham s name. * Gi tr tr v 0, nu thnh cng SOCKET_ERROR, nu c li. 2.3.2. Lng nghe kt ni
int listen( SOCKET s, int backlog );

* Cc tham s s: [in] socket c gn a ch nhng cha kt ni. backlog: [in] kch thc ti a ca hng i thit lp kt ni. Gi tr ti a c ch nh bng hng s SOMAXCONN. 2.3.3. Chp nht thit lp mt kt ni
SOCKET accept( SOCKET s, struct sockaddr FAR* addr, int FAR* addrlen )

* Cc tham s s: [in] socket ang lng nghe yu cu kt ni. addr: [out] a ch ca socket my client ang thc hin kt ni. addrlen: [out] chiu di thc s ca addr. Phi khi to gi tr ban u l kch thc ca addr * Gi tr tr v Mt SOCKET giao tip thc s vi client, nu thnh cng INVALID_SOCKET, nu c li 2.3.4. Thit lp mt kt ni
int connect( SOCKET s, const struct sockaddr FAR* name, int namelen )

* Cc tham s s: [in] socket cha kt ni. name: [in] socket cn kt ni n. namelen: [in] kch thc ca name. * Gi tr tr v 0, nu thnh cng SOCKET_ERROR, nu c li 2.3.5. Gi d liu
int send( SOCKET s, const char FAR * buf, int len, int flags )

* Cc tham s s: [in] socket kt ni. buf: [in] vng m cha d liu cn gi. len: [in] chiu di d liu trong buf. flags: [in] ch nh cch thc truyn d liu, truyn d liu bnh thng, thit lp gi tr 0. * Gi tr tr v s byte gi i, nu thnh cng

 SOCKET_ERROR, nu c li. 2.3.6. Nhn d liu

int recv( SOCKET s, char FAR* buf, int len, int flags )

* Cc tham s s: [in] socket kt ni. buf: [out] vng m lu d liu nhn. len: [in] kch thc vng m buf. flags: [in] ch nh cch thc nhn d liu, nhn d liu bnh thng, thit lp gi tr 0. * Gi tr tr v s byte d liu nhn c, nu thnh cng SOCKET_ERROR, nu c li. 2.3.7 Shutdown
int shutdown( SOCKET s, int how )

* Cc tham s s: [in] socket cn shutdown. how: [in] ch nh nhng loi thao tc no khng thc hin na. o SD_RECEIVE: khng cho php gi cc hm recv() trn socket. o SD_SEND: khng cho php gi cc hm send() trn socket. o SD_BOTH: khng cho php gi c send() v recv() trn socket. * Gi tr tr v 0, nu thnh cng SOCKET_ERROR, nu c li 2.3.7 ng socket
int closesocket (SOCKET s)

* Cc tham s s: [in] socket cn ng.

3.Chng trnh demo

V sau y mnh s vit v d v chng trnh chat gia 2 my trong mng lan ng dng Server Client s dng TCP. Cc bn c th dowload project demo y

Sever:
view source print?
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 #include <stdio.h> #include <tchar.h> #include "iostream" #include <winsock2.h> using namespace std; #pragma comment (lib,"ws2_32.lib") int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { WSADATA SInfo; int iResult = WSAStartup(0x0202,&SInfo); SOCKET NewConnection,socketSever; socketSever =socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_IP); if (socketSever!=INVALID_SOCKET) { cout<<"\nKhoi tao socket thanh cong!!!\n"; } char DataGui[512]; char DataNhan[512]; //Thiet lap IP sever

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sockaddr_in severAddr; severAddr.sin_family=AF_INET; severAddr.sin_port= htons(2000); severAddr.sin_addr.s_addr= INADDR_ANY; //Thiet lap IP client if (iResult==0) { if (bind(socketSever,(sockaddr*)&severAddr,sizeof(severAddr))==0) { int nSize; //Lang nghe if (listen(socketSever,5)==SOCKET_ERROR ) { cout<<"\nLang nghe that bai"; } else cout<<"Dang lang nghe ket noi..."; while(1) { nSize=sizeof(severAddr); NewConnection=accept(socketSever,(sockaddr*)&severAddr,&nSize); if (NewConnection==-1) { cout<<"\nLoi ket noi tu Client"; continue; } cout<<"\nKet noi thanh cong..!"; cout<<"\nNhan ket noi voi Client co IP: "<<inet_ntoa(severAddr.sin_addr); cout<<"\nBAT DAU NOI CHUYEN VOI NHAU"; while(1) { recv(NewConnection,(char*) &DataNhan,sizeof(DataNhan),0); cout<<"\nClient: "<<DataNhan; cout<<"\nSever: "; cin.getline(DataGui,512); send(NewConnection,(char*) &DataGui,sizeof(DataGui),0); } closesocket(NewConnection); } } else cout<<"\nThiet lap IP va Port cho socket that bai"; WSACleanup(); } else cout<<"Loi khoi dong Winsock"; system("PAUSE"); }

Client:
view source print?
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 #include <stdio.h> #include <tchar.h> #include "iostream" #include <winsock2.h> using namespace std; #pragma comment (lib,"ws2_32.lib") int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { WSADATA SInfo;

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int iResult = WSAStartup(0x0202,&SInfo); //Thiet lap IP client char DataGui[512]; char DataNhan[512]; sockaddr_in clientAddr; char hostName[256]; struct hostent* serverHostent; int port=2000; if (iResult==0) { SOCKET socketClient =socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_IP); //Lay thong tin may chu qua ten cout<<"Enter host name : "; cin.getline(hostName,256); serverHostent=gethostbyname(hostName); if(serverHostent==NULL) { printf("Can not solve host \n"); } memset(&clientAddr,0,sizeof(clientAddr)); memcpy(&clientAddr.sin_addr,serverHostent->h_addr,serverHostent>h_length); clientAddr.sin_family=serverHostent->h_addrtype; clientAddr.sin_port=htons(port); //Yeu cau ket noi if (connect(socketClient,(sockaddr*)&clientAddr,sizeof(clientAddr))==0) { cout<<"\nKet noi thanh cong..!"; cout<<"\nNhan ket noi voi may chu co IP: "<<inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr); cout<<"\nBAT DAU NOI CHUYEN VOI NHAU"; while(1) { cout<<"\nClient: "; cin.getline(DataGui,512); send(socketClient,(char*)&DataGui,sizeof(DataGui),0); recv(socketClient,(char*)&DataNhan,sizeof(DataNhan),00); cout<<"\nSever: "<<DataNhan; } } else cout<<"Ket noi that bai"; WSACleanup(); } else cout<<"\nLoi khoi dong Winsock"; system("PAUSE"); }