Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Documents Bonaparte, Napoleon. "The Code Napoleon.

" The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History. N.p., 1804. Web. 27 Jan 2012. <http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/ code_nap.html>. This primary source is about the Napoleonic Code. After Napoleon was made Emperor of France, he quickly wrote a constitution, which he titled the Napoleonic Code. The Code was spread along to other countries like Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Belgium, after Napoleon conquered them. It was one of the lasting legacies of the French Revolution because most modern-day constitutions are based off of this document. Burke, Edmund. "Lecture 14: The Language of Politics--England and the French Revolution." The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Jan 2012. <www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture14a.html This source provided us with Edmund Burkes view on the French Revolution. It gives quotes that Burke actually said, so it is a primary source. He thought that the French Revolution was fearful and disgusting. The exact quote was Were all these dreadful things necessary?...No! nothing like it. The fresh ruins of France...shock our feelings wherever we can turn our eyes. In this quote, Edmund Burke was expressing his frustration for the unnecessary violence of the French Revolution. Ferdinand, Charles William. "The Brunswick Manifesto." Speech. The Brunswick Manifesto. The Headquarters at Coblenz, Coblenz. 25 July 1792. John E. Moser. Web. 21 Jan. 2012. <http:// personal.ashland.edu/~jmoser1/ brunswick.htm>. The Brunswick Manifesto was Charles William Ferdinand Duke of Brunswicks declaration of what the foreign allies armies in Europe would do should the French monarchy be harmed or threatened any further. He had basically said that his goal was to reinstate the monarchy. This proclamation was an almost direct cause of the September Massacres, a gruesome event feature on our websites Violent Onslaughts page. We used quotes from the manifesto in our text to support the idea that the fears of foreign invasion that fueled the massacres had good cause (that does not mean the violence itself was justified). We specifically highlighted upon sentences that talked about Ferdinands reestablishment-of-the-monarchy threat, as it was a key factor in the French publics fear.

Restif De La Bretonne, Nicolas-Edme. Les Nuits De Paris. Paris: Hachette, [1793]1960. The September Massacres. CHNM. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/392/>. This short eyewitness account of the September Massacres by Restif is an exemplary example of just how bloody and violent the massacres werethe first line describes the killings in Restifs own words: I arose, distressed by the horror. It specifically explains a brutal killing that Restif himself witnessed (and later wrote about in Les Nuits De Paris) as a report in 1793. We utilized the report to establish an idea of the September Massacres violence and to supplement our knowledge with an eyewitnesss experience. Sieys, EmmanuelJoseph. Qu'est-ce que le tiers-tat? (What is the Third Estate?). 1789. Web. 24 January 2012. <http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/280/> Emmanuel-Joseph Sieys pamphlet What is the Third Estate? presented a strikingly radical idea and set fire to an entirely new attitude in concerns to the power and authority of the people. By reading through this pamphlet, we saw just how revolutionary these ideas of power to the people, equality, and the illegitimacy of power based on status and money were in 18th century France. It was a very useful source for our The Estates-General subpage, as it perfectly exemplified the climax of the Third Estates psychological (and eventually political) transition into declaring supremacy. Its text also provided us with, quite frankly, the most perfect, brilliantly written quotes to use on our The Estates-General page to demonstrate causes behind the government bodys eventually change into the National Assembly. For example, we used quotes such as [The Third Estate] is the strong and robust man who has one arm still shackled. If the privileged order should be abolished, the nation would be nothing less, but...an everything free and flourishing...What is the Third Estate? It is the whole. This quote is a metaphor of the Third Estate to a strong man with an arm shackled to prevent it from doing the things it is capable of doing. Emmanuel-Joseph Sieys"Tuesday 14 July 1789." London Gazette 14 July 1789. The National Archives. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/lessons/ 2340popup.htm>. This article, published online as both a picture of the primary document itself and a transcript, helped us in forming and idea of the events of the Storming of the Bastille. The document text is a very structural, fairly unbiased outline of the Bastilles storming. Unlike many other sources for the Storming of the Bastille, this article was, as said before, impartial and strictly informative. Therefore we were not mislead by its information and could deem it a credible source. Other than learning from the information presented, we extracted key sentences in the transcript to use as quotes for our website both for informative use and for dramatic effect.

Pictures Alexander Kucharsky. Portrait of Olympes de Gouges. N.d. Painting. Les Robins du Marais. Web. 22 Dec 2011. <http://www.lesrobinsdumarais.org/?p=1119>. This portrait is a painting of Olympe de Gouges. Olympe de Gouges, the pseudonym of Marie Gouze, was a famous woman revolutionary who wrote the Declarations of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen which outlined the rights women should receive. She was executed by guillotine during the Reign of Terror. This portrait was painted by Alexander Kucharsky, and we do not know the date. It was used on the Women of the Revolution subpage. Allan Ramsay. Detail of King George III. 1761-1762. Painting. National Portrait GalleryWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait.php? search=ap&npgno=223&eDate=&lDate=>. This is a portrait of Englands King George III. He worried the revolutionary fervor would travel to England and make English peasants revolt against him. Eventually, he would be involved in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. This portrait was used on the Foreign Response page. Anonymous. Cest affreux mais ncessaire (It is dreadful but necessary). 1794. Print. Journal d'Autre Monde. Web. 26 Jan. 2012. This 18th century print depicts the deadly guillotine surrounded by the severed heads of its victims, all of whom have desperate, crying faces. We used this print of our website for the Reign of Terror page, as a visual representation of the suffering brought upon the guillotines use in the Terror. It serves as a very effective image to get our point across. Anonymous. Portrait of Maximilien Robespierre. c. 1790. Painting. HistoryWiz: The Reign of TerrorWeb. 2 Jan 2012. <http://www.historywiz.com/terror.htm>. This primary source portrait provided us with a picture of Maximilien Robespierre. He was the man that started the Reign of Terror, killing thousands of people with the guillotine. Finally in 1794 he was beheaded himself. We used this image for viewers to see who Maximilien Robespierre was.

Anonymous. Scene of the Battle of Vertieres during the Haitian Revolution. 1845. Painting. WorldGallery.co.ukWeb. 22 Jan 2012. <www.worldgallery.co.uk>. This is a painting of the Battle of Vertieres. The Battle of Vertieres took place in 1803 during the Haitian Revolution. The Haitian Revolution was a period of time when Frances richest colonys, Haiti, slaves rebelled against their owners. After the Haitian Revolution, Haiti became the first free black state. This image shows a battle during the Haitian Revolution, one of the effects of the French Revolution An Ordinary Guillotine. N.d. Sketch. CHNMWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/ 125/>. This sketch of the guillotine almost seems ironic when put in the context of its usage on our website. Appearing on year 1793 of our timeline for September 5, it represents the start of the Reign of Terror, a period where this "Ordinary Guillotine" was bathed in blood. Antoine-Francois Callet. Portrait of Louis XVI. 1788. Painting. The Telegraph: Louis XVI's final testament discoveredWeb. 16 Jan 2012. <www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/ 5356698/Louis-XVIs-final-testament-discovered.html>. This portrait by Antoine-Francois Callet shows King Louis XVI. King Louis XVI was the king before and during the French Revolution. He was indecisive and easily swayed by his advisors. The previous king, Louis XV, was his grandfather. King Louis XVI did not have any political education that helped him with ruling France. He was executed in 1793 for treason. This portrait also shows the extravagant clothing the French royalty wore, even though the commoners were dying. The image was used on The Monarchy section of the Key Characters page on our website. Anton Graff. Frederick Wilhelm II of Prussia. 1792. Painting. Leibnitiana: G.W. Leibniz (1646-1716)Web. 28 Jan 2012. <www.gwleibniz.com/britannica_pages/ friedrich_wilhelm_ii_prussia/friedrich_wilhelm_ii_prussia_gif.html>. This is a portrait of Frederick Wilhelm II, the king of Prussia. He was the king during the time of the French Revolution. He signed the Declaration of Pillnitz with the Austrian king and promised to defend the king. We used this picture on the Foreign Response page. Bonaparte, Napoleon. Napoleonic Code . 1804. Photograph. EmersonKent.comWeb. 21 Jan 2012. <http://www.emersonkent.com/historic_documents/napoleonic_code_1804.htm>. This is an image of the Napoleonic Code. The Code was a constitution Napoleon wrote that was spread to many other countries, like Italy, Belgium, and Poland during the Napoleonic Wars. The Code, having been spread all over the world, influenced and became the basis of many modern-day constitutions.

Comit rvolutionnaire de section parisienne de l'an II, d'aprs. 18th century. Graphic. chaPitre.comWeb. 16 Jan 2012. <www.chapitre.com>. This is a painting of the Committee of Public Safety. The Committee was a part of the National Convention. One of the most prominent members of the Committee was Maximilien Robespierre who eventually gained enough power to be the ruler of France for a short time period. Robespierre led the Reign of Terror, killing thousands of people, before he himself was executed at the guillotine for accusations of tyranny and dictatorship. "Day of Saint-Cloud, 18 Brumaire". 1799. Painting. CHNMWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <chnm.gmu.edu/ revolution/d/499/>. This painting illustrates the coup of 18 Brumaire, in which the Directory was overthrown and Napoleon came into power. It was used for year 1799 on our timeline to represent just that. Eugene Delacroix. Liberty Leading the People. Photograph. The French Revolution Web. 1 Dec 2011. <http://www.1335.com/frenchrevolution.html>. This painting is a primary source by famous French painter Eugene Delacroix. It is a painting of a women, representing liberty, leading French people. She is holding the French tricolor flag, a symbol developed during the French Revolution. This helped show how the French were inspired to fight against the monarchy. On the website, we placed this on the home page to let viewers see the way the French people felt about the French Revolution. Fall of Robespierre. N.d. Painting. Week 10: From Thermidor to BrumaireWeb. 16 Jan 2012. <pages.uoregon.edu/dluebke/301ModernEurope/301Week10.htm>. This painting is about the fall of Robespierre and the Thermidorian Reaction. Maximilien Robespierre, the leader of the Reign of Terror, became power-hungry. However, the National Convention voted for his death because of tyranny and dictatorship. The Thermidorian Reaction was the revolt the night Robespierre was arrested and sentenced to death. The fall of Robespierre symbolized the end of the Reign of Terror. This image was used on The Reign of Terror page. Franois Bouchot. Napoleon Bonaparte in the coup d'tat of 18 Brumaire in Saint-Cloud.. 1840. Painting. 1789-1939 L'Histoire par L'ImageWeb. 21 Jan 2012. <http://www.histoire-image.org/ site/oeuvre/analyse.php?i=206>. This is painting of the coup detat that overthrew the Directory and put Napoleon, Sieyes, and Ducos, the Three Consuls, in power. The Directory had become the Consulate. Eventually, the Consulate would end up being just Napoleon who in turn became the emperor of France. After Napoleons coronation, he would rule France for about a decade, conquering most of European and Asian lands. He was finally defeated by the Duke of Wellington during the Battle of Waterloo. This image was placed on The Directory and Napoleon page.

Gilbert Stuart. George Washington. 1796. Painting. The Clark NowWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <www.clarkart.edu/museum/exhibitions-past-detail.cfm?EID=40>. This is a portrait of Americas first president, George Washington. He was mentioned during the Foreign Response page and we placed the image there also. Washington and rest of the Americans initially supported the Revolution, but as it got bloodier, they turned away in disgust. H. de la Charlerie. Francois Alexandre Frederic, Duc de la Roucefoucauld-Liancourt. N.d. Painting. 1st-Art-GalleryWeb. 8 Jan 2012. <http://www.1st-art-gallery.com/H.-De-La-Charlerie/ Francois-Alexandre-Frederic,-Duc-De-La-Rouchefoucauld-Liancourt.html>. This painting of Francois Alexandre Frederic was used on our website to accompany his famous response to Louis XVI, Non, sire, cest une revolution, meaning No, sir, it is a revolution. Frederic stated this while speaking to the king about matter going on in Paris. The page the portrait is on is the Storming of the Bastille page. Heinrich Friedrich Fger. Leopold II. 1790. Painting. kunst fur alleWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <www.kunst-fuer-alle.de/deutsch/kunst/kuenstler/poster/heinrich-friedrich-fueger/ 16594/7/158699/kaiser-leopold-ii----fueger/index.htm>. This is a portrait of the Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold II, just before his death. He was the Holy Roman Emperor during the time of the French Revolution and was also the brother of Marie Antoinette. He was a part of the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. We used this picture on the Foreign Response page. Image of the Attack of 20 June 1792. N.d. Print. CHNMWeb. 29 Jan. 2012. < http:// chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/174/> The print picture, which features a solemn Louis XVI in the middle, is of the events of June 20, 1792the storming of the Tuileries palace and ultimately the end of the constitutional monarchy. It was used on our websites Reform page for navigation and was linked to the The Legislative Assembly page, but its meaning is nonetheless very important and a candid representation of the occurrences in France under the Legislative Assembly. Immanuel Kant, Prussian philosopher. 18th century. Painting. 100 Years CarnegieWeb. 19 Feb 2012. <www.departments.bucknell.edu/History/Carnegie/kant/portrait.html>. This is a portrait of the Enlightenment thinker Immanuel Kant. His ideas helped inspire the French Revolution because he believed that French citizens could dare to believe and challenge their authorities. We used this image on our Growing Tensions page.

Inside a Revolutionary Committee during the Reign of Terror. N.d. Print. Museum of French Revolution. CHNMWeb. 29 Jan. 2012.<http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/110/> This print picture depicts a committee meeting during the Reign of Terror, which occurred under the National Conventions governing. Committees were the common form of political organization in the National Conventionthough not always successful. This particular picture was used on our Reform page as a linked image to the The National Convention page. It represents the tumultuous environment of France under the Convention. Isidore Helman. The Night of August 4, 1789. 1789-1802. Engraving. Bibliotheque Nat.,Coll.des Estampes, Paris, France, Paris. Web. 6 Jan 2012. This illustration of the National Assembly meeting on August 4 shows how members made decisions and debated over the abolition of the monarchy and other important decisions they made leading up to the writing of the August Decrees. Jacques-Louis David. Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes. 1817. Painting. Duhaime.org Web. 22 Dec 2011. <http://www.duhaime.org/LawMuseum/LawArticle-309/Sieyes-EmmanuelJoseph-1748-1836.asp&xgt>. Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes was a French clergyman who wrote What is the Third Estate?, helped write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, and was one of the three consuls after the fall of the Directory. This portrait was painting by Jacques-Louis David in 1817. We placed the painting on our Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes section of the page Men of the Revolution. Jacques-Louis David. Graphic. Le Serment du jeu de paume, 20 juin 1789. Web. 8 Nov 2011. <http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000065269.html>. This painting is a primary source. It was painted by Jacques-Louis David in 1791. The Tennis Court Oath, an oath declaring the Third Estate was separate from the rest of the EstatesGeneral, was an important part of the French Revolution because it was considered the first time the French stood against the king. We put this picture on the Pre-Revolution page of our website because the Tennis Court Oath was signed before the storming of the Bastille, which is often considered the start of the Revolution. Jacques-Louis David. The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries. 1812. Painting. NGA Kids Web. 22 Dec 2011. <http://www.nga.gov/kids/napoleon/nap1.htm>. This portrait is of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, painted by Jacques-Louis David. Napoleon had been leader of the Directory before taking over with two other men, becoming the three consuls. He eventually overthrew the other two men and became the sole ruler of France. This image was used on the Napoleon Bonaparte section of the Key Characters page.

Jean Auguste Dominque Ingres. Portrait de Napoleon Bonaparte en premier consul. 1803. Painting. NJN.netWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <NJN.net>. This portrait of Napoleon as the first consul of France was featured on year 1799 of our timeline simply to depict Napoleon in his new, powerful position as, basically, head of postrevolutionary France. Jean-Baptiste Gautier Dagoty. Portrait of Marie-Antoinette of Austria. 1775. Painting. Marie Antoinette OnlineWeb. 16 Jan 2012. <www.marie-antoinette.org>./wiki/ File:Execution_robespierre,_saint_just....jpg This is a portrait of Queen Marie-Antoinette in her coronation robes. She was the last Queen of France and her extravagant spendings led to a hatred from the commoners as well as depleting the French treasury. Antoinette was originally from Austria, increasing that hatred. During the French Revolution, she enjoyed lavish parties while people were starving and dying. A couple of months after the king was executed, she died at the guillotine as well. The painting was used on the Monarchy section of the Key Characters page. Jean-Baptiste Mauzaisse. Battle of Valmy. September 20th 1792. 1835. Painting. 1789-1939 L'Histoire par L'ImageWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <www.histoire-image.org/site/oeuvre/analyse.php? i=56&d=1&v=1792&w=1792>. This is an image of the Battle of Valmy was the first victory of the French army against the Duke of Brunswicks troops. This picture shows the fierce battle between the two armies. The Battle of Valmy was one of the first battles of the French Revolutionary Wars. We used this image for the Directory and Napoleon page. Jean-Baptiste Weyler. Portrait du marquis de La Fayette . N.d. Painting. Christie'sWeb. 18 Feb 2012. <http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5334585>. This is a portrait of the Marquis de Lafayette. He was an important member of the American army during the American Revolution and was a friend of George Washington. He brought back stories of the American Revolution and helped influence the French Revolution. We used this painting on the Growing Tensions page. Jean Duplessis-Bertaux-. Prise du Palais des Tuileries. 1793. Painting. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION NAPOLEON BONAPARTE EMPEROR OF FRANCEWeb. 2 Jan 2012. <http:// www.solarnavigator.net/history/french_revolution.htm>. We used this picture for our website because it portrayed the event on August 10, 1792. On that day, about 30,000 citizens besieged the Tuileries Palace, where the royal family resided. During the time the citizens surrounded the palace, the royal family took refuge with the Legislative Assembly. We used on The Legislative Assembly.

Jean-Pierre Houel. The Storming of the Bastille. 1789. Painting. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION NAPOLEON BONAPARTE EMPEROR OF FRANCEWeb. 28 Dec 2011. <www.solarnavigator.net/history/french_revolution.htm>. This website had multiple pictures regarding the French Revolution. One is a picture of the day when the mobs attacked the Bastille on July 1789. The fall of the Bastille is often considered the start of the French Revolution because it was the first victory of the revolutionaries. This image was used on the Storming of the Bastille page. Johann-Baptist Lampi. Zarin Katharina II. (1729-1796) von Ruland, in Staatsrobe, Brustbild. 1780s. Painting. Kunst Historisches MuseumWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <bilddatenbank.khm.at/ viewArtefact?id=2422>. This is a portrait of the Czarina Katharina II of Russia. She was the empress of Russia at the time of the French Revolution and was involved in the French Revolutionary Wars. The image was used on Foreign Responses. Johann Georg Ziesenis. Portrait of Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel (17211792), Prussian Field-Marshal, showing him in his robe of the Order of the Garter. N.d. Painting. Preussen Museum: Nordrhein-Westfalen This is the portrait of the Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, a Prussian duke and general. His capture of the fortress of Verdun was one of the causes of the September Massacres. French citizens believed the Duke was trying to reinstate the monarchy and bring King Louis XVI back into power. His advances toward Paris began the September Massacres, a bloody and violent episode of the French Revolution where many nobles and clergy members were executed for being who they were. Joseph Siffred Duplessis. Jacques Necker. 1793. Painting. Bastille Day and the French Revolution (1789)Web. 16 Jan 2012. <bastille-day.com/biography/Necker>. This is a portrait of financial minister Jacques Necker. Necker was a Swiss-born financial minister. He was the financial minister that suggested to the king to make the First and Second Estates pay taxes as well. Before Necker suggested that, only the Third Estate had to pay taxes. Necker was a favorite among the Third Estate for giving the king this idea. However, the king ignored him and dismissed him. Neckers dismissal caused the storming of the Bastille. His portrait was used on the Men of the Revolution page.

Louis as No More than a Man. N.d. Painting. CHNMWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <chnm.gmu.edu/ revolution/d/59/>. "Louis as No More than a Man" is a very meaningful painting that shows how, when the monarchy fell, Louis XVI was, as implied, nothing more than a man. And it was as an ordinary man that he died at the guillotine. The picture was used to depict the "lowly" status at which Louis was executed on January 21st, 1793. It appears in year 1793 of our timeline. Louis Rides a Pig. N.d. Painting. CHNMWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/77/>. This is a caricature making fun of the King Louis XVI. After the flight of Varennes, the royalty were often combined with animals to tease them, just like this image. We used this image to show the royaltys popularity in France. Louis XVI, King of the French. N.d. Painting. CHNMWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <chnm.gmu.edu/ revolution/d/70/>. This picture of Louis XVI is an almost satirical approach to the events of the constitutional monarchy's establishment. It shows Louis donning a Phrygian cap, a liberty cap. Very clear, it represents the monarchy's status drop as the French Revolution went on, and it was used to show that very same concept on our timeline year 1791 on the "Introduction" page. Ouverture des Etats Generaux, a Versailles, le 5 mai 1789. Graphic. Gallica: Bibliotheque Numerique. Web. 8 Nov 2011. <http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b69426650/>. This etching was made by Jean-Michel Moreau le Jeune on May 5th, 1789, the same day the Estates-General officially met. This is an excellent resource because it is a primary source, the artist was there and made this etching. This is a good way to show what really happened during the meeting. This is the heading picture for the subpage Estates-General. Paul Delaroche. L'ultime adieu des Girondins le 31 Octobre 1793. 1793. Painting. ExecutedToday.comWeb. 28 Jan 2012. <www.executedtoday.com/2008/10/31/1793-girondinsgirondists-pierre-vergniaud/>. This is a painting of the meeting of the Girondins. The moderate Girondins and the radical Jacobins were the main political parties in the National Convention before the Jacobins took over and killed all the Girondins with the guillotine. This image was used to compare the two political parties on our website on The Legislative Assembly page. Rischgitz/Stringer. National Assembly. 1790. Photograph. Hulton Archive/Getty Images, Seattle. Web. 22 Dec 2011. This picture of the inside of the National Assembly building was used on our website to help depict where and how Assembly members met, including how people gathered and voiced their opinions when discussing issues and announcing decisions.

Taking of the Bastille. N.d. Painting. CHNMWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/45/ >. This is an image of the storming of the Bastille. Historians often consider the fall of the Bastille to be the beginning of the Revolution. This image shows the havoc the common Parisians wreaked on the ancient prison on July 14, 1789. It was used as the linking picture to the Storming of the Bastille page on the Revolution page. The Examination of 'Louis the Last'. 18th century. Sketch. Histoire-Musee de la Republique Francaise Depuis L'Assemblee des Notables Jusqu'a L'EmpireWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <books.google.com/books?id=LQtbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3&lpg=PR3&dq=Augustin Challamel, Histoire-muse de la rpublique Franaise, depuis l'assemble des notables, Paris, Delloye, 1842.&source=bl&ots=oubupIsGqn&sig=Ytd3P9zTGEfBdiDiJNkWtiv55WM&hl=en&sa=X&e i=OfElT_LNJ8O2sQLk0MSMAg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAw This sketch is of the trial of Louis XVI before he was sent to the guillotine. It was used for year 1792 on our timeline as a representation of the National Convention and its political processes. The Execution of Robespierre and Saint-Just. 1794. Painting. Gallica: Bibliotheque NumeriqueWeb. 16 Jan 2012. <gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6950750j/>. This painting, found on the Gallica: Bibliotheque Numerique website is an image of Robespierres execution. Maximilien Robespierre had been a leading figure of the Revolution; he was part of the Committee of Public Safety and was later the leader during the Reign of Terror. Robespierre and his supporters were executed because of accusations of dictatorship and tyranny. He had been the one who ordered all of the executions during the Reign of Terror, but in this painting, he is the one under the guillotine after taking things too far. It was used on the year 1794 on our timeline. The King Accepting the Constitution amid the National Assembly, 14 September 1791. N.d. Print. CHNMWeb. 29 Jan. 2012. <http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/143/> This print picture shows King Louis accepting the Constitution of 1791therefore starting Frances constitutional monarchy. The picture was used on our Reform page to represent the era of the National Assembly for navigational purposes.

Onlookers Celebrate the Women of the March to Versailles. 18th century. Graphic. Histoiremuse de la rpublique Franaise, depuis l'assemble des notables Print. This image from the book Histoire-musee de la republique Francaise, depuis lassemblee des notables depicts the Womens March to Versailles. The Womens March, also known as the October Days, was a march to the royal palace Versailles with women demanding bread and the head of Marie Antoinette. The March was an example of the role women played in the French Revolution. The image shows women with pikes that are being cheered on by the rest of the commoners. We used this image on the Women section of the Key Characters page. Unknown. Awakening of the Third Estate N.d. Political Cartoon. Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution. CHNM. Web. 27 Jan. 2012. The picture Awakening of the Third Estate shows representations of the First and Second Estates (clergy and nobility) flinching back in fear as the personified Third Estates breaks the shackles that once restrained him. It emphasizes on the Third Estates declaration of national authority, and shows the revolutionary storming of the Bastille in the background. We used this political cartoon on The Estates-General page as a supportive image in our analogy of the Third Estates restricted power to, as Sieys said it, a strong and robust man who has one arm still shacked. It was used to show to figuratively show the Estates breaking off its shackles. Untitled. N.d. Painting. Web. 29 Jan. 2012 <http://www.english.upenn.edu/Projects/knarf/People/ napoleon.html> This untitled picture is a painting of Napoleon Bonaparte, the war hero and eventual emperor of France. It was used on our Reaction page to represent the section titled The Directory and Napoleon for navigational purposes. Vengorpe. The Three French Consuls. 1799. Painting. L'Histoire de FranceWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <www.histoire-france.net/epoque/france-napoleon.html>. This depiction of the three French consuls of France was used on our timeline for the year 1795, when the Directory beings and Napoleon soon comes to power. Victor Adam. Battle of Varoux in French Revolution. 1837. Painting. Wargame.comWeb. 28 Jan 2012. <www.wargame.ch/wc/nwc/newsletter/21st_edition/Newsletter21/images/ FRbattleVaroux.jpg>. This is a painting of the Battle of Varoux during the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Revolutionary Wars, France was fighting against most of the countries in Europe, including Prussia, Austria, and England, as well as many others. This picture was used on our Foreign Response page.

Songs Edith Plaf. Ca ira (Itll Be Okay). n.d. Web. Jan. 12 2012. This song, Ca ira, meaning Itll Be Okay, was sung in the early years of the Revolution. Revolutionaries sang this song because they were hopeful that their lives would become better in the future. We used this song on our Lasting Legacy page. This version was song by Edith Plaf. Mireille Mathieu. La Marseillaise. 1792. Audio Files. Jan 12 2012. Written in 1792 by Joseph Rouget de Lisle, and sung by Mireille Mathieu, La Marseillaise is the national anthem of France. The song relates to many of the events that happened during the Revolution. It was placed on our Home page. Secondary Sources Books Deverell, William, and Deborah Gray White, comp. United States History: Independence to 1914. California State Standards Ed. . Austin, Texas: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2006. Print. This is the eighth-grade U.S. history textbook that we use. It covers information from independence to 1914. We did not use the whole textbook for our project, but we did use a section of it. This section talked about the French Revolution and Americans reaction to the violence. Thomas Jefferson had initially supported the Revolution but after the king and queen were executed he quickly changed sides. We used this section for our Foreign Response page on our website. Doyle, William. The Oxford History of the French Revolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Print In this book, William Doyle goes in depth about the French Revolution. He tells the causes, including the Enlightenment and the rule of King Louis XVI. Doyle also writes about the causes, effects, and what happened during the storming of the Bastille, Great Fear, and the Reign of Terror. He especially describes the effects of Robespierre and the Convention on France. Also, the back of the book includes a timeline which we used to understand what happened when during the French Revolution. Finally, the book helps us understand the effects of the French Revolution and what successes and failures came out of the Revolution. The only limitation of the book would be the fact that it does not have pictures to help us visualize the French Revolution. All in all, this book helped us immensely with the understanding and analysis section of the project.

Ferris, Timothy. The Science Of Liberty: Democracy, Reason, And The Laws Of Nature. 1st ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2010. Print. In this book, Timothy Ferris describes how science and liberalism are interconnected, and how science was the cause for liberalism to be born. Using research from other books, websites, encyclopedias, and lectures, Ferris uses many historical examples of totalitarianism, liberalism, communism, and democracy to demonstrate his point in science being the catalyst of liberalism. Ferris work focuses on causes and effects that different types of governments had on nations and describes ideas of the Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, American Revolution, French Revolution, and several historical cases of dictatorship. This book is very useful to our research because it allowed us to understand where each class or group during the French Revolution fit into the different types of democracy: liberalism, progressivism, and conservatism. It also informed us on the benefits of applying liberalism and science to a society, causes, effects, and problems of the French Revolution, and philosophies that influenced it. The article does not deliberately focus on science and liberalism in France during the French Revolution, however there are citations in the book the author used. Because of the citations, we know the book is a secondary source. This book will provide a decent amount of information to be used for our research. Frey, Marsha L., and Linda S. Frey. The French Revolution. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2004. The French Revolution proved to be an ideal starting resource for our research on the French Revolution. It provided a very detailed yet easy to understand timeline, as a well as a historical overview of happenings occurring before, during, and after the French Revolution. These aspects helped us outline our course of research and aided us in clarifying the chronological order of the revolution. The book also contains several chapters concerning the issues with the ancien rgime, the Reign of Terror, the direct political and societal changes brought on by the French Revolution, and its eventual legacy. We, in particular, found the section on the revolutions immediate effects and long-lasting legacy to be especially useful to understand how it has affected the French government today, for it clearly showed us both the positive and negative effects of the revolution both then and now. A positive effect the French Revolution had is the current government, but a negative effect would be Napoleans dictatorship. The chapters explained the relation between Napolean Bonaparte and the revolution, and the cultural impact the French Revolution has on France in modern society. All in all, the book was an incredibly useful resource, and was a stepping stone for our group as we dove deeper into our research.

Johnson, Douglas. The French Revolution. New York & Toronto: G. P. Putnam's Sons & Longmans Canada Limited, Toronto, 1970. Print. In this book, Douglas Johnson discusses how Frances economy, government, society, and attempts at reform shaped the French Revolution. He uses books and websites to determine the exact causes and effects of the revolution, a time where turmoil and confusion reigned due to the battles and protests within the revolution. Johnsons research focuses on explaining key events of the French Revolution, such as the fall of the Bastille and the Reign of Terror, while pinpointing flaws in economic, political, and societal aspects of France and positive outcomes of the revolution. We found this book very useful, as it expanded our knowledge about the revolutions history. The main limitation of the book is that it ends abruptly describing Napoleans emphatic and strategic characteristics and does not go on to explain how France was like under his rule at the end of the revolution, so further research is necessary to understand what post-revolutionary France was like. This book helps provide information that we used in our project. Nardo, Don. The French Revolution. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. 12-110, 132-166, 174, 176-177, 189, 192. Print. In this anthology written by numerous historians and experts of the French Revolution, key events and people are not only described, but are also given in-depth analyses as to the causes and reasons why certain events happened and why certain decisions were made. The authors used books, important documents of the French Revolution, and websites to identify exactly what happened during the revolution, how the French felt about it, and how it still impacts the world today. The essays research focuses on events of the revolution and their effects. This anthology was useful to our research because it allows us to examine multiple viewpoints on reasons of why specific actions were taken during the revolution. For example, the viewpoints from different nations on the violence of the French Revolution was mentioned in this anthony. This anthology gives an abundant amount of information for research.

Plain, Nancy. Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette and the French Revolution (Rulers of Their Times). New York: Benchmark Books, 2002. This relatively short eighty-eight page book gives the reader a complete and informational yet brief and summarized idea of the who, what, when, where, and whys of the French Revolution. It is sectioned off into three parts: the first part centers on the Revolution itself, the second part introduces life in Revolutionary France, while the third part talks about how the different views, ideas, and perspectives people living in 18th century France had. We used the short book as a sort of introduction to our topicit was simply a researcher opener. It was used as a basic outline as to what should be further researched. For instance, it helped clarify the transitional process of the National Assemblyformerly called the EstatesGeneralbecoming the National Convention. That said, the main limitation of the book was obviously its lack of detailed explanations. Nevertheless, it covered the French Revolution in a wholesome manner and has indefinitely increased our knowledge and comprehension of the French Revolutions causes, effects, important people, events, and other aspects. Schama, Simon. Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution. Random House, 1989. Print. This book is by famous author and historian Simon Schama. He writes about the history of France and the pre-Revolution time period. Schama gives a detailed account of the French Revolution. He describes the Estates-General and the different privileges of each Estate. He then describes what happened the night of August 4, 1789, when the August Decrees were established. Schama goes on to describe the storming of the Bastille, September Massacres, the Great Fear, and the Reign of Terror. Schamas account of the French Revolution was informative and helpful. The first quote we used on the website was a quote from this book. There were also many pictures that acted as a visual along with the information. Overall, this book has helped us make our website with detailed information and decent analysis. Speilvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization, Volume II: Since 1550. St. Paul: West, 1997. Print. From Speilvogels Western Civilization, Volume II: Since 1550, we focused specifically on the French Revolution related sections. It was mainly utilized as a source of information and quotes for our Reign of Terror page under Revolution. The book talked quit thoroughly about Robespierre, a man commonly seen as the instigator of the Terror itself, and how he had gone mad with power and saw no end with his executions. Though it was not used a lot in our research, the short sections we did read and use were highly informational and wellwritten, prompting us to select quotes from it to feature in our website.

Emails Wei, Jodi. National History Day-French Revolution. Message to Dan Edelstein. 07 Oct 2011. E-mail. We interviewed Dan Edelstein, a French and Italian professor at Stanford University, on the importance of the French Revolution and how France would be different if the Revolution had never happened. After we had read his answers, we better understood the French Revolution. Some of the specific questions we asked him were why is this so important to history, for example, in Europe and around the world? and did this revolution affect any other parts of the world?. These questions were important to our project because they complemented our analysis. His answers were helpful because they included many examples like the influence of the Revolution on Germany and Italy. He also slightly brushes upon the Russian Revolution in his answer while talking about the long-term effects of the French Revolution. Wei, Jodi. National History Day-French Revolution. Message to Mike Rapport. 07 Oct 2011. E-mail. Our email interview with Dr. Mike Rapport was extremely helpful. Dr. Rapport is a professor at the University of Stirling in Scotland, UK. He specializes in the French Revolution and its impacts around the world. He is also the author of 1848: Year of Revolution. We asked him questions about the cause and effects of the Revolution and the main parts of the French Revolution, like the Convention, Reign of Terror, and Napolean. We asked questions like how did the French Revolution change the course of history in both France and the rest of Europe? and did the French Revolution spark other revolution across Europe? as these were a few of the analytical questions that were important to our project. Documentary The French Revolution. 2005. Documentary. History ChannelDVD. This documentary, by the History Channel, is about the French Revolution. The documentary talks about the causes, and all of the events, including the storming of the Bastille, the flight to Varennes, and the Reign of Terror, just to name a few. We incorporated parts of it into our website. We found the interviews particularly helpful. Overall, this documentary was very helpful to our project.

Interviews Tackett, Timothy. Personal Interview by Jamie Lee, Jodi Wei, Karen Yang, Helen Lee. 11/25/2011. Our group interviewed Timothy Tackett, Professor Emeritus of History at the University of California, Irvine, and author of numerous books and articles about the French Revolution. He informed us about how foreign countries reacted to the revolution, events that influenced the French Revolution (including the American Revolution and Enlightenment), Louis XVIs rule, the start of the revolution, and its minorities. Professor Tackett also told us about Napoleon & Sieyess role in the revolution, its impact on modern-day France, and how the people influenced the king. His information proved to be very useful to us because it gave us an entirely new perspective on events that occurred during the French Revolution, and video clips of the interview, as well as quotes from the professor, are used on our website. Pictures Boaz, David. "Thinking about the French Revolution | Britannica Blog." Encyclopedia Britannica Online Encyclopedia. 11 July 2011. Web. 03 Jan. 2012. <http://www.britannica.com/ blogs/2011/07/thinking-french-revolution/>. This picture shows a scene of mobs of people barged into the Bastille, which was also a symbol of loyal power, in search of weapons and ammunitions on the July of 1789. This event was the mark of the beginning of and the first violent incident that took place during the French Revolution. While the Bastille was being stormed, there were acts of violence, injuring and killing many people. Burning Chateaux as the Peasants Riot in the Countryside. N.d. Painting. HistoryWizWeb. 27 Jan 2012. <http://www.historywiz.com/greatfear.htm>. This is an image of the Great Fear. In its name, chateaux means castle. During the Great Fear, the feudal servants went around burning nobles homes and the documents that bound them to the land. The Great Fear sparked fear in France and led to the signing of the August Decrees, which abolished feudalism and privileges enjoyed by the nobility and clergy. We used this image on the Great Fear section of the Violent Onslaughts page.

Cartoon Representation of the Confiscation of Church Lands. N.d. Sketch. HistoryWiz: for lovers of history. Web. 27 Mar 2012. <www.historywiz.com/civilconst-clergy.htm>. This picture, which is a political cartoon of sorts, depicts the situation of the church and of French clergymen with the passing of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. It was used on our website's "The National Assembly" page to represent the reforms of that particular document, which included the confiscation and then auctioning off of church lands. J. Beys. The Death of Robespierre 28th July 1794. N.d. Painting. AllPosters.comWeb. 29 Jan 2012. <www.allposters.com/-sp/The-Death-of-Robespierre-28th-July-1794Posters_i1584486_.htm>. This is an image of a poster made by J. Beys. It shows Robespierre being prepared for his death at the guillotine. This was a good source because it showed the end of the National Convention. Robespierre had led the ten-month Reign of Terror before he himself was killed. "Napolean Bonaparte." NNDB: Tracking the Entire World. Soylent Communications. Web. 02 Nov. 2011. <http://www.nndb.com/people/116/000050963/>. This website provided us a portrait of Napolean Bonaparte, who was once a dictator of France after the Revolution. This picture gave us a visual of what the website may mention. The portrait shows the man who took over most of Europe after the Revolution. N.d. Painting. A Prayer to Our Father: Storming the Bastille, Jerusalem, Israel. Web. 8 Jan 2012. <http://www.aprayertoourfather.com/storming-the-bastille/>. This painting of a scene from the Storming of the Bastille helped show what a major event the storming was in the French Revolution. It also shows how strongly the people felt it was necessary to risk their lives to fight for their freedom from the monarchys control. We used the image on the Growing Tensions page. N.d. Graphic. The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual HistoryWeb. 27 Jan 2012. <http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/ancien_regime.html>. This is a caricature of the reliance of the First Class (clergy) and the Second Class (nobility) to the Third Estate (commoners). The poor peasant is trying to support the clergy and the clergy is supporting the rich nobleman. This is an accurate depiction of the social standings of France. Before the Revolution, the Third Estate, already poor and starving, were the only ones to pay taxes to pay off the debt from Frances involvement in the American Revolution while the First and Second Estates enjoyed an easy life of luxury. The image was helpful so viewers can get an idea of how the First and Second Estates rode on the back of the Third Estate. We used this on the Estates-General section of the Key Characters page.

N.d. Graphic. XTimelineWeb. 27 Jan 2012. <http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx? id=115972>. This is an image of the flag of the Republic of France. It is based on the tricolore, the three color flag of France. Written on the flag are the words Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite, meaning Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. This was the motto of the French Revolution, as well as the title of our website. The image was placed on Lasting Legacy. N.d. Painting. Napoleon GuideWeb. 27 Jan 2012. <http://www.napoleonguide.com/>. This image on the front page of the Napoleonic Guide website is of Napoleon Bonaparte leading troops into war. He had been an important French general before leading a coup detat against the rest of the Directory and naming himself Consul. Napoleon eventually became Emperor of France and conquered most of the land throughout Europe and Asia before being defeated by the Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo. We used this image on the website to show Napoleon fighting and inspiring other soldiers to fight as well. N.d. Painting. Nicholas Stark's WeblogWeb. 27 Jan 2012. <napoleonstark.wordpress.com/ political-parties-of-the-french-revolution/>. This is a painting of the Jacboins club. The Jacobins and the Girondins were the two main political parties that made up the National Convention. The Convention was the ruling body of France from 1791-1794. The Jacobins were the more radical group of the two; they eventually took over and began the Reign of Terror executing all Girondins and what they considered, political opponents. We used this image on The Legislative Assembly page. N.d. Painting. Revolution Honors 1Web. 12 Jan 2012. <http:// revolutionshonors2010-1.blogspot.com/2010/11/second-revolution-emergence-of.html>. This picture on the Revolution Honors 1 website depicts the bloody violence of the September Massacres. The image shows the commoners of France violently murdering the nobles and the clergy during the September Massacres. The Massacres were a time of violence and murder when the First and Second Estates members were killed, just for being who they are. This image helps viewers by giving them an idea about the September Massacres. We placed the image next to the information on the September Massacres in the Violent Onslaughts page. N.d. Painting. The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual HistoryWeb. 28 Jan 2012. <http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/louis_trial.html>. This is a painting of the execution of King Louis XVI. King Louis XVI was the ill-fated king to have been king during the French Revolution. He was arrested and charged of crimes against the State and high treason. He was guillotined in 1791. The image was used on Foreign Response.

N.d. Painting. XTimelineWeb. 27 Jan 2012. <http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx? id=477771>. This is an image of the signing of the Constitution of 1795. The Constitution of 1795 is very similar to the Constitutions before it, the Constitution of 1793 and 1791. They were all modeled after the Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen. The Constitution of 1795 established the Second Republic of France. Proclamation of the Constitution of 1791. 1791. Painting. HistoryWizWeb. 28 Jan 2012. <http:// www.historywiz.com/constitution1791.htm>. This is an image of the day the Constitution of 1791 was proclaimed to France. The Constitution of 1791 was the first constitution of the French Revolution and was based on the Declaration of Rights of the Man and Citizen. The Constitution of 1791 lasted about eleven months. This picture was used when we talked about the Constitution of 1791 on The National Assembly page. The Bastille. N.d. Graphic. Webster's Online DictionaryWeb. 8 Jan 2012. <http://www.webstersdictionary-online.org/definitions/Bastille>. This website was a definition of the Bastille in the Websters Online Dictionary. We did not use the definition, however, there was a sketch of the Bastille on the website. We used this picture on our website so viewers will know what the prison looked like before the storming of the Bastille. The picture is placed on the Storming of the Bastille page. The Execution of King Louis. N.d. Painting. Voices from RussiaWeb. 28 Jan 2012. <http:// 02varvara.wordpress.com/2010/03/02/a-good-king-21-january-the-memorial-day-for-king-louisxvi/the-execution-of-king-louis/>. This is an image of King Louis XVI being prepared for his execution. Louis XVI was the illfated king to rule France during the French Revolution. We used this picture on the page talking about King Louiss execution on The National Convention. The Joyous Accord of 1789. 2009. Photograph. Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, Massachusetts. Web. 22 Dec 2011. This photograph of a clergyman, noble, and French citizen sitting at a table and forming a truce shows how the three estates had to compromise and come to agreement in order for a constitutional monarchy to form in France.

The Night of August 4, 1789 in the National Assembly. Graphic. HistoryWiz. History Wiz, 1999. Web. 7 Nov 2011. <http://www.historywiz.com/nightofaug4.htm>. This image depicting the National Assembly meeting on August 4th. The National Assembly, previously known as the Third Estate, was made up of the representatives of the Third Estate that became angered and signed the Tennis Court Oath to separate from the First and Second Estates. The National Assembly was such a major part of the French Revolution, we felt obliged to place a picture of it in the website. It was placed on the Great Fear section of the Violent Onslaughts page. Schnell, Alyssa. "Third Estate." Http://billsrevolutionper4.pbworks.com. PBworks. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. <http://billsrevolutionper4.pbworks.com/w/page/14323866/Third%20Estate>. This picture displays how the commoners in the 1700s dressed. The clothes the commoners and the nobility wore had a very vast difference in them. The commoners wore simple clothing, easily dirtied from their work. This is not as reliable because it is a drawing and only a depiction of what the painter thought it looked like. This helped on the website to see how much difference there was between the nobility, clergy, and commoners. The Estates. Graphic. The History GuideWeb. 10 Dec 2011. <http://www.historyguide.org/ intellect/lecture11a.html>. This page in The History Guide is about the origins of the French Revolution. He also includes graphics detailing the different causes. For example, the one that we used was a picture of three men, each symbolizing one Estate. The richly clad man on the right represents the clergy, the man in the middle represents the nobility, and the man on the right represents the commoners. On our website, we had cropped the picture so that there were three different pictures of each clergy. This picture has helped us and the viewers of our website see the differences between the Estates on the Estates-General page. The Savage Sans-Culottes. 1792. Graphic. The Fact and Fiction of the Sans-Culottes: A British Caricature of the Working Man's Sans-CulottesWeb. 28 Jan 2012. <http://www.mtholyoke.edu/ courses/rschwart/hist255/la/page2.html>. This is a British cartoon depicting the sans-culottes. The sans-culottes were the working class in France and also led the September Massacres. They killed hundreds of clergy members and nobles during the September Massacres. This source was good because it showed us what other countries, in this case Britain, thought about France and its people.

Websites "About British Reactions to the French Revolution." About British Reactions to the French Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan 2012. <britishreactionstotherevolution.wordpress.com/about/ >. This website is about the British reactions to the French Revolution. The British were initially disgusted by the Revolution before being dragged into it themselves during the Revolutionary Wars. This website helps explain their relationship and what the British thought about them. There were many primary sources and pictures on the website, but these were not used. Overall, the site was a fantastic site to use. "American President: A Reference Resource." Miller Center: University of Virginia. Rector and Visitors of the Univeristy of Virginia, 2012. Web. 29 Jan 2012. <millercenter.org/president/ washington/essays/biography/5>. This article in the Miller Center: University of Virginia website is about George Washingtons presidency. Although we did not use most of it, one particular section was extremely helpful to us. This section discussed foreign affairs during Washington presidency. It talked about Americas response to the French Revolution and how the French aided the Americans during the American revolution. The section was extremely helpful for foreign response, but the rest was somewhat less useful to us. Ames, Hayley. "The Effects of the Storming of the Bastille." eHow: Discover the expert in you. Demand Media, inc., 01 May 2011. Web. 8 Jan 2012. <http://www.ehow.com/ info_8334216_effects-storming-bastille.html>. Hayley Ames wrote the article, The Effects of the Storming of the Bastille on the eHow: Discover the expert in you website. This article is about the effects of the Storming of the Bastille. The first section is a brief summary about the Bastille prison before the French Revolution. The next section is the symbolism of the Bastille during the Revolution. The main section of this article is about the storming of the Bastille. On July 14, 1789, a group of angry commoners stormed the prison for weapons and the release of the prisoners held inside. This article also describes the immediate and long-term effects of the storming of the Bastille. It has been extremely helpful since the fall of the Bastille was a major part of the French Revolution.

"Bastille." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/55622/Bastille>. This encyclopedia entry gives a physical description of the Bastille, along with its use and a description of the storming of the Bastille. Using books and websites, the encyclopedia writers focus on how the Bastille was created and how it was used historically. The article was semi-useful because it did not explain the importance of the prison in-depth. This site gives us a brief summary and definition of the Bastille. Burbeck, James. "The French Revolt and Empire: Napoleonic Wars Summary." War Times Journal. The War Times Journal, 2003. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <http://www.wtj.com/articles/ napsum1/>. This article in the War Time Journal is about the French Revolution and the empire Napoleon built after the Revolution. The article briefly summarizes the Revolution in a simple paragraph, which we did not use, but we did use the next section about the Napoleonic Wars and its effects. Although the article did not include the causes of the wars or pictures, it was an excellent source for information regarding the Napoleonic Wars. Carson, Nacie. About the Storming of Bastille. eHow. eHow, n.d. Web. 4 Oct 2011 <http:// www.ehow.com/about_4708083_storming-bastille.html>. Nacie Carson based her article on a Thinkquest website called Revolution. She describes the long-term and short-term causes of the storming of the Bastille prison, causes that include the financial crisis and the starvation among the Third Estate. Carson wrote about the significance of the storming of the Bastille including how the prison was a symbol of monarchy, the causes, and the effects. About the Storming of the Bastille was helpful to our project. The storming of Bastille was one of the major events of the French Revolution. The Bastille prison was a symbol to the French citizens of the ancient regime. When the prison fell, revolutionaries were inspired and continued wreaking havoc on the French monarchy. This article is helpful to explain the effects, both long and short-term, of the storming of the Bastille. However, the main limitation of the article is that it just focused on the Bastille and did not tell readers about the rest of the French Revolution, which is our main topic. Even with this restriction, it provided excellent information about the Bastille. Our website will not be based on this article or event, but it did provide useful information on an important part of the French Revolution.

Casteele, John. "About the September Massacres." eHow: Discover the expert in you. Demand Media, inc., 2012. Web. 8 Jan 2012. <http://www.ehow.com/about_4674410_the-septembermassacres.html>. This webpage on the September Massacres informs readers on different aspects and events that happened at different times during the massacre. Using websites, the writer focuses on the massacres causes, importance, and effects. This article was useful in grasping the concept of what happened during the massacre, but it does not go in-depth and include an interpretation of the event, so research would need to be completed on that. Parts of this webpage will be used on our site. "Causes and Effects of the French Revolution." 123HelpMe.com. 22 Jan 2012 <http://www. 123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=22726>. This paper on the 123HelpMe.com site is about the Causes and Effects of the French Revolution. Since we already know about the causes of the French Revolution, the economic struggles and Enlightenment thinkers, we did read about the effects of the French Revolution. The author of the paper wrote about the causes of the Revolution, a brief summary of the events, and the effects of the Revolution. We focused on the effects and we learned many things that we incorporated into our website. For example, we used the information about Napoleon and his kingdom. The paper was extremely helpful to our website. Chatel, Amanda. "Bastille Day: The Women's March on Versailles." The Grindstone. The Grindstone, 14 Jul 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2012. <thegrindstone.com/mentor/bastille-day-thewomens-march-on-versailles/>. This article is about the Parisian womens march to the Versailles Palace. The women were angered that the king and queen were enjoying a luxuriant life while they were struggling to keep their families from starving to death. To demand the attention of the king, 60,000 women marched to the palace and screamed for bread and Marie Antoinettes head. This article gives a detailed account of the incident with its causes and effects as well. The effects were that the royal family was moved to the Tuileries Palace and kept under house arrest before the king was arrested and executed. Chavis, Jason. "Thermidorian Reaction: The End of the Reign of Terro." West European History @ suite 101. suite101, 06 Aug 2009. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <jason-chavis.suite101.com/ thermidorian-reaction-a107617>. This page, part of the Western European History@suite101 is about the Thermidorian Reaction. The Thermidorian Reaction happened on July 27, 1794 when Robespierre was arrested and sentenced to death. This source explains why it happened, how it happened, what happened, and why it was so important. Overall, this source was extremely helpful with all of the important information about the Thermidorian Reaction.

Chew, Robin. "Marie Antoinette: Queen of France, 1755-1793." Lucidcafe: Library. Lucidcafe, Nov 1995. Web. 2 Dec 2011. <http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95nov/antoinette.html>. Robin Chews detailed biography of Marie Antoinette helped us a lot. The article started off by telling a bit of Marie Antoinettes life as a princess of Austria. It goes on to tell about Antoinettes extravagance and her life in the French court. Finally Chew tells about what happened during the French Revolution, for example, she tells about how a mob of women took the royal family and held them under house arrest at the Tuileries palace, her arrest, and her death at the guillotine. This is a good source because it covers everything: early life, involvement in the French Revolution, death, and legacy. "Civil Constitution of the Clergy." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/ EBchecked/topic/119210/Civil-Constitution-of-the-Clergy>. This article in the Encyclopedia Britannica is about the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. The Civil Constitution Clergy was written to try to reform the Church. During the French Revolution, the clergy owned most of the land. This Constitution stopped the collection of the church tax and rid of church lands. This article gives a quick summary about the document and helped us write about the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. Collin, Ross, Jack Dale, Sheilah Marans, and Jason Zalmanowitz. "The Constitution of 1791." Revolution. ThinkQuest, n.d. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <library.thinkquest.org/C006257/revolution/ const_1791.shtml>. This section in the Revolution website is about the Constitution of 1791. The Constitution was the kept promise of the National Assembly when they signed the Tennis Court Oath. It was based on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. This section helps explain the importance of the Constitution. Collin, Russ, Jack Dale, Sheilah Marans, and Jason Zalmanowitz. "Storming of the Bastille." Revolution. ThinkQuest, n.d. Web. 8 Jan 2012. <http:// library.thinkquest.org/C006257/revolution/storming_of_bastille.shtml>. This section of the Revolution website on ThinkQuest is about the Storming of the Bastille. This section was just a summary about what happened, it did not include anything about the causes or effects of the event. Even if it did not include those items, it was still an extremely helpful source because it is an extremely detailed account of the storming of the Bastille.

Collin, Russ, Jack Dale, Sheilah Marans, and Jason Zalmanowitz. "The Brunswick Manifesto." Revolution. ThinkQuest, n.d. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <library.thinkquest.org/C006257/revolution/ brunswick_manifesto.shtml>. This section of the Revolution website is about the Brunswick Manifesto. The Manifesto was somewhat important to the Revolution because it caused the September Massacres. The Duke of Brunswick had issued a manifesto stating he would defend the royals with his armies if they were in any way threatened or harmed. This sparked the bloody five days of the September Massacres. This paragraph about the Manifesto was helpful and did a good job summarizing the event. Collin, Russ, Jack Dale, Sheilah Marans, and Jason Zalmanowitz. "The sans-culottes." Revolution. ThinkQuest, n.d. Web. 20 Dec 2011. <http://library.thinkquest.org/C006257/ revolution/sans_culottes.shtml>. This page in the ThinkQuest website Revolution is about the sans-culottes. The sansculottes were the commoners and the main fighting force of the Revolution. The term sansculottes means no pants because they did not wear the breeches that identified the wealthier citizens. Although the information is short, the information written on the page was helpful for understanding what the sans-culottes were, what they wanted, and what they did. "Committee of Public Safety." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/ EBchecked/topic/482481/Committee-of-Public-Safety>. This article explains how, when, and why the Committee of Public Safety was created. Using websites, the authors of the webpage focused on the actions the Committee took to help France and mention important leaders of it. The entry did not give a description of the exact successes and failures of the Committees decisions. This article informed us briefly about the Committees purpose and function. "Constitution of 1793 (France)." History Wars Weapons. N.p., 01 Jul 2011. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <historywarsweapons.com/constitution-of-1793-france/>. This source provided us with information about the Constitution of 1793. The Constitution of 1793 was the second constitution written during the French Revolution and was modeled after the Declaration of Rights of the Man and Citizen and the first constitution, the Constitution of 1791. This website gives us information about the background of the Constitution and the new changes it installed, like the Directory. Overall, the website was a good source to us.

Corbett, Bob. "The Haitian Revolution of 1791-1803." Haiti. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti/history/revolution/revolution1.htm>. This website provided us with an essay about the Haitian Revolution. Although the author, Bob Corbett, had written it in four parts, we only used the first essay because that is the section that mentioned the French Revolution. The French Revolution influenced the Haitian Revolution because the slaves rose up against their owners like the French rose up against their king. Information on this site was included on the Foreign Response and Lasting Legacy page. Crittenden, Catherine Coiner. "French Revolution." The Jefferson Monticello. Monticello, 14 Jul 2010. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <http://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/frenchrevolution>. This page on the Monticello website is about the French Revolution and President Jeffersons reactions to it. He had supported it in the beginning; he thought they would be like America and form a democracy similar to theirs, but when things turned violent, he quickly changed sides. This source was helpful because it gave us an idea of what other countries reactions were to the Revolution. Curtis, Jerry. "Effects of the French Revolution." Helium: Where knowledge rules. Helium, Inc., 31 May 2009. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <http://www.helium.com/items/1466876-what-were-theeffects-of-the-french-revolution>. This article on the Helium: Where knowledge rules site is called Effects of the French Revolution. The article was helpful because it was a two-page explanation of the positivities and negativities of the Revolution. Some of the positive aspects of the Revolution were its social and economic reforms; but the negative aspect was that its Reign of Terror killed thousands of people and made countries like America turn away from France. Overall, the article was an extremely helpful one. Dugdale-Pointon, Tristan. "Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)." History of War. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_napoleonic.html>. This website is about the Napoleonic Wars. The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars between Napoleon and various European countries. This website explains everything that we needed to know about the Napoleonic Wars including who fought against who, where, and when. We also found the section talking about the effects of the Napoleonic Wars helpful for our Lasting Legacy and Foreign Response pages.

Elster, Jon. "The Night of August 4, 1789. A study of social interaction in collective decisionmaking." Revue europeenne des sciences sociales: European Journal of Social Sciences. N.p., 2007. Web. 21 Jan 2012. <ress.revues.org/88>. This website is about the night of August 4th, when the August Decrees were passed abolishing feudalism and clerical and noble privileges in France. The first section gives the background of the French Revolution, like the economic struggles of the country. The next part goes on to tell about the Great Fear, the period of time that sparked the passing of the August Decrees. The last part tells the impact of the August Decrees to the rest of the French Revolution. Overall, it was a good source because it was well-written and detailed, but it did not tell about any other events or give any pictures and primary sources. Esteves, Isabelle. "French History: The September Massacres." Helium: Where knowledge rules. Helium, Inc. , 22 Aug 2008. Web. 8 Jan 2012. <http://www.helium.com/items/1122616semtember-massacre>. This article on the September Massacres was created to inform readers on the event and its importance in the French Revolution. Using books and websites, the author focuses on the cause of the September Massacres and what happened during the period of time that month. This article was useful because it describes the way people were killed, where mobs traveled, and why they killed people in the first place. The article is fairly one-sided though, and the writer does not provide a view supporting the mobs. Further research will have to be done in order to grasp the opposing view to this article, but we will use information from this webpage to incorporate in our website. Everett, J.H.. "Fear and Violence in the French Revolution." GoodReads. GoodReads Inc, May 29 2011. Web. 21 Jan 2012. <http://www.goodreads.com/story/show/270956-fear-and-violencein-the-french-revolution>. This interesting and informative article, titled Fear and Violence in the French Revolution on the goodreads website is about, as the title suggests, the fear and violence experienced during the Revolution. The article mainly talks about the Reign of Terror. The Terror was a time period of about ten months where so-called political opponents and counterrevolutionaries were executed at the guillotine. The Terror was led by Maximilien Robespierre, the leader of the Committee of Public Safety, which was a part of the National Convention. He condemned thousands of men and women to the guillotine where they were beheaded. The article, written by J. H. Everett, had both its pros and cons. On the good side, it gives a very detailed description of how fear impacted how people responded to the Reign of Terror. On the other hand, it only went in depth for the Reign of Terror, which although significant, the Terror was not the main part of the Revolution; the article does not mention any other violent happenings, like the Great Fear or the September Massacres. Even with that limitation, this website has been a helpful source for us.

"France History - Timeline of the French Revolution." Bonjour la France. Bonjour la France, 2012. Web. 30 Jan 2012. <http://www.bonjourlafrance.com/france-facts/france-history/timelinefrench-revolution.htm>. This timeline on the French Revolution's course events was quoted for use on our own, selfmade interactive timeline on the "Introduction" page of our website. French Revolution. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 6th ed. Pearson Education, Infoplease, 1994. Web. <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0819666.html>. The Infoplease encyclopedia was able to provide this very informative article for us. It is a secondary source because it is based on both other secondary and primary sources and the authors of this article were not actually at the French Revolution. The French Revolution entry provided many, many sub-articles including Origins of the Revolution, The EstatesGeneral and the National Assembly, The Revolution of 1789, Factionalism and War, The Revolution of 1792, The Republic, The Reign of Terror, The Directory and the Coming of Napolean, and Effects of the Revolution. Even though this encyclopedia entry was on the Infoplease website, the source is actually The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. Since the article had nine articles within it, its scope was on all of the French Revolution. It was very useful to our project because it gives the facts about the Revolution and talks about the effects of the French Revolution. However, it did have a restriction. This article did not tell how the French Revolution affected people today. In conclusion, the article was extremely helpful because it chronicled the French Revolution. The article will fit into our research as a basis and a reference on the French Revolution. "French Revolution: Women in the French Revolution." French Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Jan 2012. <http://staff.gps.edu/mines/French%20Revolution%20-%20women.htm>. This website is about womens role in the French Revolution. It was anonymously written. There were many sections on this website, including information about what the women did, both violent and passive, and also about individual women. Women participated in many aspects of the Revolution, including the Womens March to Versailles and the Storming of the Bastille. Also, Olympe de Gouges, one of the individual women that were mentioned in the site, was a political activist that wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman. Another woman mentioned is Charlotte Corday, the famous assassin of Marat. Overall, this website helped with the analysis piece of what women and minorities did.

Gascoigne, Bamber. "History of the Napoleonic Wars." History World. History World, n.d. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp? groupid=531&HistoryID=aa13>rack=pthc>. This source by Bamber Gascoigne is a three-page article on the History World website about the Napoleonic Wars. The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars Napoleon waged on the parts of Europe and Asia. He conquered most of the land in Europe and Asia before being defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, the end of the wars. The beginning of the article starts with Napoleons Russian campaign in 1812 and goes on to wars up until 1815 and the Congress of Vienna. This source was helpful because it was detailed and included everything we needed to know, including the who, when, where, and whys of the Napoleonic Wars. However, even if it did include all of those, we would have liked more pictures, primary sources, causes, and effects. Overall, this was a good source for the details of the Napoleonic Wars. Gascoigne, Bamber. "The French Revolutionary Wars." History World. History World, n.d. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac04>. This website talks about the French Revolutionary Wars. The French Revolutionary Wars was a series of wars France fought against Austria, Prussia, England, as well as some others, from 1792 to 1799. This website was helpful because it had many of the information we needed in order to understand the French Revolutionary wars to incorporate them into our website. It also briefly talks about the September Massacres and Napoleons reign, but those were not the main focus of the website. Geib, Rich. "The French Revolution." Welcome to Rich Geib's Universe. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan 2012. <www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/french/french.html>. This page in Mr. Rich Geibs website is about the French Revolution. The section we used the most was the section talking about the Reign of Terror. This page was helpful because it provided good information in a quick summary as well as numerous pictures and quotes. Many of the quotes were from Maximilien Robespierre himself; he was the one who condemned thousands to death at the guillotine. Overall, this source was extremely helpful to us.

Gough, Hugh. "The Night the Old Regime Ended, August 4, 1789, and the French Revolution.." Historian 69.2 (2007): 373 . Gale World History in Context. Web. 21 Jan 2012. <ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/AcademicJournalsDetailsPage/AcademicJournalsDetailsWindow? displayGroupName=Journals&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=WHIC&action=e&windowsta te=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE| A165193209&mode=view&userGroupName=orange_main&jsid=1b4dc9c2b9a0ad15b895e3621 4915fe6>. This work on the OCPL database is about the night of August 4th, 1789 in the National Assembly. A month prior, the Great Fear broke out causes peasants throughout France to go against their feudal lords and wreak havoc on the rural countryside. On the fateful night of August 4th, the August Decrees were signed abolishing feudalism and noble and clerical privileges. This article explains the August Decrees and the August 4th meetings significance perfectly and it was extremely helpful to us. Graves, Dan. "French Revolution Cult of Supreme Being." Christianity.com. N.p., May 2007. Web. 27 Jan 2012. <http://www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630325/>. This source was about the Cult of Supreme Being, founded by Maximilien Robespierre. Robespierre de-Christianized France and replaced Christianity with the Cult of Supreme Being, with the goddess Reason as the deity all French citizens were to worship. The Cult was one of the pieces of evidence that shows Robespierre was going power-hungry near the end of his reign. extremely helpful one. "Great Fear." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/243266/ Great-Fear>. This webpage gives a short outline of the events that occurred within the Great Fear. Using websites, the encyclopedia writers discuss the storming of the Bastille, provincial uprisings, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, and end of feudalism. The article listed the events in the Great Fear rather than explaining them in detail, so the information was very limited. This webpage gave us a definition of the Great Fear.

Grubin, David. "Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution." PBS. PBS, 13 Sep 2006. Web. 20 Dec 2011. <http://www.pbs.org/marieantoinette/index.html>. In this web document filled with information addressed in the PBS film Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution, film writer David Grubin writes about King Louis XVIs actions leading to the French Revolution and his participation in it. Grubin and the filmmakers interviewed several historians and incorporated information from websites and books to write about how Louis XVI was involved the French Revolution. The writing stresses the way Louis XVI ruled and how parts of his actions, due to being overpowered by the National Assembly, led to the start of the revolution. The writing was useful because it showed us how Frances almost-bankruptcy and King Louis XVIs ignorance contributed to the French Revolution. The major limitations of the article are that it does not give more detailed explanations of Louis XVIs actions and that it does not give examples from primary sources as to what his thoughts were about making such crucial decisions that led to the revolution. A web link to useful resources is provided however, and videos of the interviews with historians are also provided. This website gives us basic background information about the Kings actions that led to the French Revolution. Hamlin, John. "The French Revolution: Development of Sociological Theory." University of Minnesota Duluth. University of Minnesota Duluth, 27 Feb. Web. 20 Dec 2011. <http:// www.d.umn.edu/~jhamlin1/political.html>. This page is an outline of the social classes of France, as well as the causes of the French Revolution. The outline gives the population of each Estate and their privileges. For example, according to the outline, the First Estate has 130,000 members and collected the tithe and supervised education but did not have to pay taxes. We found this outline extremely helpful when we wrote about the estates. This outline acted as a basis for the paragraphs. "Jacobin Club." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/299007/ Jacobin-Club>. This page in the Encyclopedia Britannica is about the Jacobins Club of the French Revolution. The Jacobins and Girondins were the two main political parties during the Revolution. Power passed from the more moderate Girondins to the Jacobins in 1793. This page describes the power of the Jacobins and how it took the Girondinss power and used it to take control of France. This article was useful to write and understand the differences between the Jacobins and Girondins.

Keener, Candance. "How the French Revolution Worked." Howstuffworks. HowStuffWorks, Inc., 2012. Web. 8 Jan 2012. <http://history.howstuffworks.com/european-history/frenchrevolution.htm>. This seven-part article on the howstuffworks website is about the French Revolution. The article, by Candace Keener, is titled How the French Revolution Worked. The first part explains the class systems of the ancien regime and the Enlightenment and the American Revolutions influence on the French Revolution. The next section is about pre-Revolution France. It describes the Palace of Versailles, the royal home of the royal family. This section also brushes upon the reign of Louis XV. The main part of the second section is about Marie Antoinette. It tells about the Queens habits of gambling, partying, and hunting and the feelings of the Third Estate toward the queen. The third section is about King Louis XVIs convening of the Estates-General, the Tennis Court Oath, and the National Assembly. The last time the Estates-General met was in 1614. The Tennis Court Oath was an oath the Third Estate delegates took to officially split from the other two Estates. They renamed themselves the National Assembly. The next section is about the violence of the French Revolution. it mentions the storming of the Bastille, and also the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. The next two sections are about the Reign of Terror and Robespierres rule, as well as the beginning of Napoleons reign. Overall, this article has been extremely helpful because it includes everything of the French Revolution. Kent, Emerson. "French Revolution 1789-1799." Emerson Kent.com: History for the Relaxed Historian. N.p., 2012. Web. 12 Jan 2012. <http://www.emersonkent.com/ wars_and_battles_in_history/french_revolution.htm>. This website had everything that we needed. It included the why, what, how, when, wheres of the French Revolution. The first section talks about the causes of the French Revolution while the next section discusses the storming of the Bastille and the Great Fear, two of the violent episodes of the French Revolution. The next section talks about the royal familys flee from France as well as the declaration of the French Republic. The last section talks about the Reign of Terror and the Directory before ending with a brief discussion of Napoleon. Although it had many things, like pictures and a couple primary sources, it did not tell what happened after Napoleon took power and most of the information was just a brief definition of each event.

Keough, Sandra D. . "March to Versailles." PCCUA. PCCUA, n.d. Web. 27 Jan 2012. <www.pccua.edu/keough/march_to_versailles.htm>. This website is about the Parisians womens march to Versailles. These women marched to the royal palace, Versailles, where the royal family was living, to demand bread and the head of Marie Antoinette. They were angered that while they struggled to keep their family alive, the king and queen were enjoying luxurious lives of comfort, so they stormed the palace, killing hundreds of guards in the process. The women eventually captured the king and queen and sent them to house arrest in the Tuileries Palace. The Tuileries was in the heart of Paris and they lived their until Louis execution. "King Louis XVI and the French Revolution." Scribd. Scribd, 4/3/2008. Web. 8 Oct 2011. <http://www.scribd.com/doc/2435590/King-Louis-XVI-and-the-French-Revolution>. In this webpage displaying an essay about King Louis XVI and the French Revolution, the writer by the name of Madda discusses what the king did during the revolution, what he could have done to prevent it, what his goals were during the revolution, and the consequences he received from his actions. Using online sources, Madda wrote about what Louis XVIs intents were during the time of the revolution; he wanted to stop the disorder between the French social classes, to stay alive and in his position as king, and he wanted to keep France a monarchy. The essay was useful because it educated us about the causes of Louis XVIs poor ruling, actions he could have taken to end the revolution, and the effects of his actions. Primary limitations of this writing are that the author did not include what Louis XVI actually did, as in what orders he gave, and the writing was biased because the writer clearly sees Louis XVI as a poor leader, even though he had to rule France at one of its worst times in history. Although the essay contains these limitations, it still supplies us with a plentiful amount of information that we will put to use in our research. Kreis, Steven. "Lecture 11: The Origins of the French Revolution." The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History. The History Guide, 30 Oct 2006. Web. 10 Dec 2011. <http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture11a.html>. Steven Kreis has wrote many pages about the French Revolution. This page is about the causes of the French Revolution. He told about the financial debt caused by the royal extravagance, the unfairness between the three estates, the influence of Enlightenment thinkers like Rousseau and Montesquieu, and how the ideals of the American Revolution moved themselves to France. He also goes into detail about the First, Second, and Third Estates. This source also includes various primary sources and quotes. Kreiss article was a good source to inform us about the causes of the French Revolution.

Kreis, Steven. "Lecture 12: The French Revolution: The Moderate Stage, 1789-1792." The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History. N.p., 13 May 2004. Web. 12 Jan 2012. <http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture12a.html> This source was extremely helpful because it is a detailed summary of the French Revolution from 1789-1792, which the author, Steven Kreis, titles The Moderate Stage. The lecture starts off with parts of the kings letter, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, and the kings speech after the flight to Varennes. The first paragraph briefly summarizes the origins of the Revolution, like the social structure, American Revolution, and Enlightenment. The next section is about the invoking of the Estates-General to solve the problems of France. The third and fourth section talk about the delegates of the Third Estate at the meeting and how they were neglected and eventually signed the Oath of the Tennis Court which made them promise to make a constitution. The rest of the article is about the storming of the Bastille, October Days, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. The source was helpful because it was detailed and had many primary sources and pictures. Kreis, Steven. "Lecture 13: The French Revolution: The Radical Stage, 1792-1794." The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History. N.p., 03 Aug 2009. Web. 22 Dec 2011. <http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture13a.html>. This page is another one of Mr. Kreiss lectures. In this lecture, he describes the radical stage, where most of the fighting took place. This page has helped us immensely. It goes into detail on everything that happened during the years of 1792-1794. During this time, the September Massacres and the Reign of Terror occurred. Mr. Kreis describes the passing of power from the Girondins to the Jacobins and the rise and fall of Maximilen Robespierre. Kreis, Steven. "Maximilien Robespierre, 1758-1794." The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History. N.p., 30 Mar 2005. Web. 27 Jan 2012. <http:// www.historyguide.org/intellect/robespierre.html>. This page in The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History is about Maximilien Robespierre. He had been the leader of the Committee of Public Safety and he led the Reign of Terror. He sent countless of victims to the guillotine during the tenmonth period of the Reign of Terror. This page was helpful because it gave a biography of him and his significance. However, it did not provide enough pictures or primary sources for us to deem the source perfect.

Kreis, Steven. The Fall of Bastille (July 14, 1789). The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History. N.p., 13, May 2004. Web. 4 Oct 2011.<http:// www.historyguide.org/intellect/bastille.html>. In this article, Steven Kreis discusses what happened during the fall of Bastille. On July 14, 1789, the rebels took the prison of Bastille, which had once been a symbol of the power of the Ancient Regime. This is an excellent secondary source because most of the information was based on information from Western Civilization: A Brief History. This is extremely helpful in explaining what happened during the fall of Bastille. This article is pretty limited because it only explains what happens during the fall of Bastille, but not the causes, effects, or significance of Bastille. Bastille is a major part of the French Revolution so this article will definitely be used in our website. Lewis, Jone Johnson. "Marie Antoinette." About.com Women's History. The New York Times Company, n.d. Web. 2 Dec 2011. <http://womenshistory.about.com/od/rulerspre20th/p/ marieantoinette.htm>. The last queen of France, who met her unfortunate demise at the guillotine, was an important part of the French Revolution. She represented the ignorance and extravagance of the noble society. This article on About.coms Womens History section was by Jone Johnson Lewis. Ms. Lewis wrote a biography on Marie Antoinette and how she fit into the French Revolution. Although this is a good source, the only limitation is that this source does not give enough background information on Marie Antoinette or her legacy. Even with these limitations, this source is excellent to write our paragraph on Marie Antoinette. Lord Acton, John Emerich Edward Dalberg. "Lectures on the French Revolution." The Online Library of Liberty: A project of Liberty Fund, Inc. . Liberty Fund, Inc. , 1910. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php? title=74&chapter=45410&layout=html&Itemid=27>. This source, written by Lord Acton John Emerich Edward Dalberg, is about the French Revolution. It has many sections about each event during the French Revolution. We found this site tremendously helpful because it included everything, including the causes, effects, the storming of the Bastille, September Massacres, and the flight to Varennes. Overall, the source was extremely helpful and its information was incorporated into our site.

"Louis XVI (1754-1793)." BBC History. BBC, 2011. Web. 2 Dec 2011. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/ history/historic_figures/louis_xvi.shtml>. King Louis XVI was a major part of the French Revolution. He was king before and during the French Revolution and died at the guillotine during the Revolution. Louis was the last king of France. His reign represented what the sans-culottes of the French Revolution had fought against. This BBC page gave a short biography about King Louis XVI and his relationship to the French Revolution. The article helped us write the information on our own website. Louis XVI, king of France. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 6th ed. Pearson Education, Infoplease, 1994. Web. 22 Dec 2011 <www.infoplease.com/biography/var/louisxvi.html>. This Infoplease article, part of The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, gave us information about the last king of France, Louis XVI. In the beginning of the article, the editors wrote about King Louis XVIs early life and his indecisive ruling style . Further on the article, it explains Louiss actions, like calling the Estates-General and the way he dealt with the economic problems in France. At the end, it explains his attempted flight to Varennes and his arrest and execution. Overall, the article gave a lot of important information that helped us understand and be better able to write our own short biography of King Louis XVI. Marie Antoinette. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 6th ed. Pearson Education, Infoplease, 1994. Web. 22 Dec 2011 <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0831824.html>. This brief, but informative summary of the life of Queen Marie Antoinette helped our group immensely. It starts off with a little background information, like her birth, family, and marriage to Louis XVI. Following the background information, the article goes on to tell of her life at the French court, like her extravagance and scandals, like the Diamond Necklace Affair. The next section is on her part in the French Revolution. For example, her flight to Varennes and the letters to her family in Austria to free her. The last part of the article is about the end of her life. It tells of the days before her execution of the guillotine. This is a good source for the information on just the life of Marie Antoinette. However, our group would have liked more on the influence of the queen on the Revolution. "Maximilen Robespierre (1758-1794)." BBC. BBC, 2011. Web. 22 Dec 2011. <http:// www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/robespierre_maximilien.shtml>. This short biography on the BBC History section is about Maximilien Robespierre. Robespierre had been the leader of the Convention and later the leader of the Reign of Terror before he was executed himself. This is a good source about Robespierre because it tells his early life, rise to power, and his fall. The biography also tells about the struggles between the Jacobins and Girondins political groups, the two opposing political groups during the French Revolution. Overall, this source was helpful because it included most of the information we were looking for.

Moore, Richard. "Napoleon Bonaparte." Napoleonic Guide. N.p., 1999. Web. 20 Dec 2011. <http://www.napoleonguide.com/leaders_napoleon.htm>. This website is all about Napoleon Bonaparte. This page is a biography about him, including his early life, impact on the French Revolution, and his military conquests. This website helped us understand and write about Napoleon. The only limitation this website had was that it did not give any information about his legacy and how he has influenced the French government of today. Moore, Richard. "Napoleon on War." Napoleonic Guide. N.p., 1999. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <http:// www.napoleonguide.com/maxim_war.htm>. This website provided many quotes from Napoleon on war. Napoleon was a brilliant general and conquered much of the land in Europe and Asia. This source was good for us and the viewers of our website to get an idea of Napoleons views and ideas about war. Moore, Richard. "The Directory." Napoleonic Guide. N.p., 1999. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <http:// www.napoleonguide.com/directory.htm>. This page in the Napoleonic Guide website is about the Directory. The Directory was a fivemember body of government from 1795-1799. It was overthrown by Napoleon. The website was helpful because it was a simple outline of what the Directory was. But the simplicity of the page also had a bad side; it did not give us any information about the actual French Revolution or its effects. Even with this limitation, the topic it did focus on had extremely helpful information. "Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)." BBC: History. BBC, 2011. Web. 10 Dec 2011. <http:// www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/bonaparte_napoleon.shtml>. Napoleon Bonaparte is an extremely well-known dictator. He rose to the top through the French Revolution. He had helped run the Directory, before taking over the Directory and became the emperor of France. His rule was the reason the French Revolution was first a failure because he had oppressed the people as the previous monarchy had. This page gives a short biography about Napoleon and how he came to power to his capture and death in 1821. Even though the page does not go into detail about his legacy, it has helped us to be better able to write about Napoleon ourselves.

Napoleon Bonaparte. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 6th ed. Pearson Education, Infooplease, 1994. Web. <http://www.infoplease.com/biography/var/napoleonbonaparte.html>. This article in The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia on the website InfoPlease is about the French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon had been a famous French leader and later the emperor of France. Napoleon rose to power through the Directory. He became one of the three consuls of France before he overthrew the other two men and became the sole ruler of France. Although this article briefly tells all of this, it does go into detail about Napoleons success after the French Revolution as the Emperor of France and the general of the French army. "Napoleonic Wars, Impact on the U.S. Economy (Issue)." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Encyclopedia.com, 2000. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. This article in the Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History talks about the impact of the Napoleonic Wars on American economy. It talks about the Embargo and Non-Intercourse Act that America passed so as not to trade with Britain and France. This website was helpful because of its relationship to Foreign Response. "National Assembly." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/404373/ National-Assembly>. This article in the Encyclopedia Britannica is about the National Assembly. The National Assembly was formed by the representatives of the Third Estate after they were angered they were locked out of the meeting room of the Estates-General. The National Assembly lasted only a short time before they turned into the National Constituent Assembly. This page helped us to write about the National Assembly in our Key Terms section. "National Convention." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/ EBchecked/topic/404639/National-Convention>. This page in the Encyclopedia Britannica is about the National Convention. The National Convention ruled France from 1792-1795. The article focuses on the Conventions rule and its rise and fall. This page was only semi-useful because it focuses on just one thing, not the big picture. Overall, this article helped us understand and write about the National Convention ourselves.

"Necker, Jacques". Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford University Press. 28 March 2012 <http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/Necker, Jacques>. This page is the Oxford Dictionarys definition of the French financial minister Jacques Necker. We used this information of the Men of the Revolution page. Pascal, Blaise. "Causes of the September Massacres during the French Revolution." Helium: Where knowledge rules. Helium, Inc., 29 Jul 2011. Web. 8 Jan 2012. <http://www.helium.com/ items/2204834-causes-of-the-september-massacres-during-the-french-revolution>. This article in Helium: Where knowledge rules, is about the causes of the September Massacres. The title of the article is Causes of the September Massacres during the French Revolution and it was written by Blaise Pascal. This has been a good source because it tells what the causes of the event was, in this case, the fall of Verdun and the Prussian armys advance toward Paris caused the September Massacres. The Massacres had been a large part of the French Revolution, and is often called the First Terror. This article was extremely helpful in telling us why this mass killing of nobility and clergy happened. "Reign of Terror." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/588360/ Reign-of-Terror>. This page is part of the Encyclopedia Britannica and is about the Reign of Terror. The Reign of Terror was a period of time where the Jacobins party ordered the executions of people they thought opposed the Revolution. The Reign of Terror is one of the reasons some historians consider the French Revolution a failed revolution. This article helped us understand who was behind the Terror, the causes, and effects. "Robespierre biography." Bastille Day and the French Revolution (1789). N.p., 14 Jul 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2012. <bastille-day.com/biography/Robespierre-Biography>. This article in the Bastille Day and the French Revolution (1789) page is about the life of Maximilien Robespierre. Robespierre had been an extremely influential speaker. He was elected as the head of the Committee of Public Safety, an extension of the National Convention. He was actually the one who condemned countless of Girondins and so-called political opponents to the guillotine before he himself was guillotined. This website was helpful because it tells of Robespierres life in a short, to-the-point, summary. However, we would have liked more primary sources or pictures to supplement the information given on the website.

"Robespierre, Maximilien." Terrorism Reference Library. Ed. Matthew May, James L. Outman, and Elisabeth M. Outman. Vol. 3: Primary Sources. Detroit: UXL, 2003. 47-53. Gale World History In Context. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/PrimarySourcesDetailsPage/ PrimarySourcesDetailsWindow? displayGroupName=PrimarySources&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=WHIC&action=e&wi ndowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE|CX3426400064&mode=view>. This article in the OCPL (Orange County Public Library) Database is an excerpt from Maximilien Robespierres speech. The article does not directly start off with the speech, but it did give a background on Robespierre, which was helpful because some people might not know who he was. Robespierre was the head of the Committee of Public Safety, part of the National Convention. He led the executions during the Reign of Terror, but was eventually guillotined himself because of dictatorship and tyranny charges. The excerpt was, in some ways, special: it gave definitions of any words that we did not understand. Overall, this source was an excellent source for information about Maximilien Robespierre "Robespierre, Maximilien de". Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford University Press. 28 March 2012 <http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/Robespierre, Maximilien de>. Maximilien Robespierre was one of the main figures of the French Revolution because he led the bloody Reign of Terror. This entry of the Oxford Dictionary is the definition of Robespierre. It was short and to-the-point, so we used it for our Men of the Revolution page. Robinson, J.H.. "The National Convention." Hanover Historical Texts Project. Hanover College Department of History, Mar 2001. Web. 21 Jan 2012. <http://history.hanover.edu/texts/ natcon.html>. This website is a part of the Hanover Historical Texts Project. The website was mainly various primary sources about the National Convention; the one that was most important to us was the Proclamation of the Convention to the Nations, December 1792. This is the speech that proclaimed the National Convention to be the government. The irony of this document is that it talks about gaining liberty and maintaining it. However, after the Committee of Public Safety was formed, the Reign of Terror began, led by Maximilien Robespierre. Robespierre condemned thousands to die at the guillotine. This document was an extremely helpful source because it shows what the goal was for the Convention and the contrast of what really happened.

"Royalty.nu - French History - Marie Antoinette, Louis XVI, and the French Revolution." The World of Royalty. Cinderella, n.d. Web. 9 Oct 2011. <http://www.royalty.nu/Europe/France/ MarieAntoinette.html>. On this website exhibiting a paper about Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution, the author with the pen name Cinderella writes about what the French citizens thought about the queen, the few actions Antoinette took due to her minuscule role in the royal family, and the results of her actions. Using websites, books, and films, the writer focuses on her early, middle, and later life as queen of France, and her actions during the French Revolution. The essay was useful because it informs us specifically on how French citizens viewed Antoinette and what occurred from the choices she made. Limitations included how the author did not focus on Marie Antoinettes participation in the French Revolution, but rather gave certain information irrelevant to her role during the specific timeframe. The source is secondary because the writer give a large list of books, websites, and documentaries for further research though. This essay gives us a basic outline of what the queen did during the revolution. Roy, Shuvaisish. "Positive and Negative Effect of French Revolution." Scribd.com. Scribd.com, 02 Dec 2010. Web. 27 Jan 2012. <http://www.scribd.com/doc/44545546/Positive-and-NegativeEffect-of-French-Revolution>. This document on the Scribd.com site is about the positive and negative effects of the French Revolution, positively, the French Revolution abolished monarchial rule, while negatively, Napoleon took over and formed a dictatorship, almost as bad as the monarchy itself. It was written by Shuvaisish Roy. The source was helpful because we wanted to be able to distinguish the positive and negative effects the French Revolution had on the rest of the world. The source was helpful; however, it was kind of short and we would have like a little more information from the author.

Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media (George Mason University) and American Social History Project (City University of New York). Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution. 2001. Florence Gould Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities. 23 Oct. 2011 <http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/ Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution is an incredibly complete, comprehensive, and immensely useful website. It provides a huge selection of resources both primary and secondarythat include pictures, text documents, analysis articles, maps, songs, and a timeline. Not only are there sources that provide a basic outline of our topic, but very finely detailed and specific sources for when we wish to focus on certain topics, such as Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette. This website proved superior to many other of our online sources due to its thorough explanation on the French Revolution in its entirety and the primary sources the website provided us. From it, we learned much about the immediate effects and long-lasting legacies of the French Revolution. It also conveniently highlighted the importance and roles of women in the French Revolution, which we related directly back to our National History Day project. On a side note, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution also helped our group with our website design. It showed us an example of a very well constructed and organized website. The main limitation of this website would have to be the length and quantity of the websites content. The amount of information held in the website is somewhat overwhelming and hard to keep track of, despite the information itself being highly useful. Either way, all in all, this website was extremely beneficial and useful to our project, and has become a source we can always refer to as we expand our research into more detailed stages. Santoski, Teresa. "Daily TWiP-The Womeon's March on Versailles, a defining moment of the French Revolution, takes place today in 1789." Nashuatelegraph.com. NashuaTelegraph, 05 Oct 2010. Web. 27 Jan 2012. <www.nashuatelegraph.com/news/873245-196/daily-twip---thewomens-march-on.html>. This article in the NashuaTelegraph.com website commemorates the 221 anniversary of the womens march to Versailles. It gives a summary of the event and its effects. It was extremely helpful because it gave a detailed account of October Days, as it is sometimes called, but it did not tell of the causes of the event, which seemed to us to be the only limitation. Overall, it was extremely helpful to our project.

Schutrick, Carrie. "French history: The September Massacres." Helium: Where knowledge rules. Helium, Inc., 18 Dec 2008. Web. 12 Jan 2012. <http://www.helium.com/items/1270132-frenchhistory-the-september-massacres>. This article by Carrie Schutrick is about the September Massacres. The Massacres was a short time period, only five days, where French commoners violently and crudely killed members of the First and Second Estates for being who they were. The article starts off with the causes and rumors that started the Massacres, including the most important: the Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick had captured the fortress Verdun with no resistance and his issued manifesto of reinstating the monarchs. The next section talks about the bloody murders during the Massacres. This article was extremely helpful to know why and what happened during the September Massacres, but it did not tell how the Massacres influenced the rest of the Revolution. September Massacres. Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 7 Jan 2012. <www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/ 535103/September-Massacres>. This article in the Encyclopedia Britannica is about the September Massacres, a period of time running from September 2-6. During this time, there were mass killings of members of the First and Second Estates. This article helped us because it gives a concise but detailed account of the September Massacres. Even if it was detailed, it was concise, maybe too concise. It did not give us any information of its causes or effects. Overall, this article was helpful for the general idea of the September Massacres. "Sieyes, Emmanuel Joseph." The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 6th ed. Pearson Education, Infoplease, 1994. Web. 22 Dec 2011. <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0845175.html>. This page in the Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (published on Infoplease), is about Joseph Emmanuel Sieyes. Sieyes was a French clergyman that became famous after writing the pamphlet, What is the Third Estate?, which denounced the privileges the nobles and clergy received. Sieyes also helped write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen and was one of the three consuls along with Napoleon until Napoleon overpowered Sieyes and the other consul, Ducos. This page helped us write about Sieyes and his contributions to the French Revolution. Stark, Nicholas. "Political Parties of the French Revolution." Nicholas Stark's Weblog. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <napoleonstark.wordpress.com/political-parties-of-the-french-revolution/>. This website provided us with bullet-points about the different political clubs of the French Revolution. It provided us information about the Jacobins, Girondins, Cordeliers, as well as many others that were just extensions of the three parties listed above. We learned a lot about each party and we saw the differences between each one. These differences would eventually lead to conflicts between the Girondins and Jacobins.

Steinmetz, Janet. "Marie Antoinette: Archduchess of Austria and Queen of France." Marie Antoinette: Archduchess of Austria and Queen of France. 2010. Web. 2 Dec 2011. <http:// www.austrianantoinette.com/>. Marie Antoinette was the last queen of France, and the first foreign queen to rule. When she was born, she was made a princess of Austria. This website is all about Queen Marie Antoinette. There are multiple pages including a biography, chronicle, a page on Louis XVI, her children, family, and the key people of the French Revolution. Although this website was very informative, it did not go into detail about the rest of the French Revolution. It only focused on a small part of a large event. Although it only focuses on one part, it was extremely informative about Marie Antoinette. "Storming of the Bastille." History Articles: Take a dive into the wonderful world of history. World History Onilne, 2011. Web. 8 Jan 2012. <http://www.worldhistoryonline.org/modernhistory/storming-of-the-bastille.html>. This article in the World History Online database is about the Storming of the Bastille. This was helpful because it describes the history of the prison, the role of the fall, the causes, the actual fight, and the kings reaction when he heard about the fall. All of the sections were informative. However, our group would have liked more pictures to help viewers understand what was happening. "Storming of the Bastille." History Wars Weapons. WordPress, 14 Apr 2011. Web. 8 Jan 2012. <http://historywarsweapons.com/storming-of-the-bastille/>. This article in the History Wars Weapons website is about the Storming of the Bastille. This first part of the website is a summary of what happened, before going into a background of the French Revolution. The background of the Revolution talks about the financial problems, the Estates-General, and other events leading up to the storming of the Bastille. The next part is a detailed account of the fall. Although it did not mention anything about the aftermath and effects of the fall, it did give us good idea about what happened during the storming of the Bastille. Sydenham, M.J.. "The French Revolution." Discover France. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/History/DF_revolution.shtml>. This website talks about the French Revolution. It includes the causes, effects, and the events in between. The information was detailed and extremely useful. We used the section that talked about the Reign of Terror the most because we were writing about that topic when we came across this website. Overall, it was an extremely helpful website.

"Tennis Court Oath." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/587409/ Tennis-Court-Oath>. This page in the Encyclopedia Britannica is about the Tennis Court Oath. The Tennis Court Oath was signed outside the meeting room of the Estates-General. The representatives of the Third Estate, the lowest class, were locked out and decided to sign the Tennis Court Oath, breaking away from the rest of the Estates-General. The representatives formed the National Assembly. This article helped us write and understand the Tennis Court Oath. "The Fact and Fiction of The Sans-Culottes: A British Caricature of the Working Man's SansCulottes." The France of Victor Hugo. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <http://www.mtholyoke.edu/ courses/rschwart/hist255/la/page2.html>. This website talks about the sans-culottes and the September Massacres. The September Massacres were a bloody period of time in September where nobles and clergy members were killed. This website explains that with even more detail. Overall, this site was helpful because of its details of what the sans-culottes were and their role in the Revolution. "The French Revolution." The French Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <faculty.ucc.edu/ egh-damerow/french_revolution.htm>. This website is about the French Revolution. It is a general summary that we found helpful especially when it talked about the causes and effects of the Revolution. It goes into the specifics of the storming of the Bastille and the flight to Varennes, both of which had negative effects on the royal family and monarchy. Overall, this source was extremely helpful. "The French Revolution." The National Archives. The National Archives, n.d. Web. 8 Jan 2012. <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/lesson36.htm>. This website was extremely helpful. This is because it included seven primary sources, three of which were from the London Gazette. These excerpts from the paper of July 13, 1789; July 14, 1789; and July 15, 1789 were helpful because they were primary sources and because they were what other people thought of the French Revolution. The other four sources were excerpts from letters and reports from various important people of the French Revolution. The second primary source was an excerpt from the London Gazette on July 14, 1789. We used this source on our website because it was a detailed account of the storming of the Bastille.

"The Great Fear." The Great Fear. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan 2012. <tyberven.tripod.com/ index.html>. This website is about the Great Fear, a period of time during the French Revolution where peasants stormed their feudal lords houses and burned feudal documents. The website tells of the causes of the Great Fear and events preceding it. The next section talks about the actual event and what happened during the time period of July-August 1789. The last, and most important, section is about the signing of the August Decrees, abolishing feudalism and noble and clerical privileges. Overall, this website was extremely helpful for information regarding the Great Fear. "The Haitian Revolution: 1794-1804." PBS: Africans in America. PBS, n.d. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p2990.html>. This page on the PBS.org website is about the Haitian Revolution. The Haitian Revolution was influenced by the French Revolution; Haiti was Frances richest colony. The Haitian Revolution would create the first free slave country in the world. The French Revolution had influenced the Haitian Revolution and this information was included in the Foreign Response page. "Thermidorian Reaction." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/ EBchecked/topic/591497/Thermidorian-Reaction>. This encyclopedia entry describes Robespierres execution and the events that followed it. Using websites, the authors of the article focus on how Robespierres execution and arrest came to be. The entry does not give first-hand accounts or quotes of how French citizens actually felt about the Thermidorian Reaction. This webpage gave us a summary of the Thermidorian Reaction and the events following it. "Thermidorian Reaction." HistoryPapers.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <ap_history_online.tripod.com/apeh8c.htm>. This essay on the HistoryPapers.net website is about the Thermidorian Reaction. The Thermidorian Reaction was the reaction people got when they found out Robespierre was arrested and sentenced to death. Robespierre and his closest supporters were arrested on July 27, 1794 for supporting the bloody Reign of Terror. After the Reign of Terror ended, the era of the Convention was over and replaced with the Directory. This site explains all of this which we found extremely helpful.

Volk, Kevin. "French Revolution: The Great Fear to the end of the Terror." Prezi. Prezi Inc. , 28 Apr 2011. Web. 21 Jan 2012. <prezi.com/ivpfls-ihtwo/french-revolution-the-great-fear-to-theend-of-the-terror/>. This Prezi presentation by Kevin Volk, is about the French Revolution from the Great Fear to the end of the Terror. The presentation had many sections and we learned about the Great Fear, the feudal peasant revolt, August Decrees, abolishing feudalism, October Days, when Parisian women marched to Versailles to get the attention of the king, the Constitution of 1791, and the end of the Terror. Although not extremely detailed, it did include pictures and summaries of each event. "War and Social Upheavel: The Napoleonic Wars (1798-1815)." Historical Boys' Clothing. N.p., 03 Apr 2011. Web. 29 Jan 2012. <histclo.com/essay/war/war-ne.html>. This website is titled The War and Social Upheaval: The Napoleonic Wars (1793-1815). It was extremely helpful because it included a lot of information about the Napoleonic Wars and its effects. Although it was an extremely helpful source, like other sources, it did not include any pictures or primary sources which would have been extremely helpful to us. Wilde, Robert. "Napoleon Bonaparte." About.com: European History. The New York Times Company, n.d. Web. 28 Jan 2012. <europeanhistory.about.com/od/bonapartenapoleon/a/ bionapoleon.htm>. This page about Napoleon Bonaparte was written by European historian Robert Wilde. The page is just a summary of Napoleons life and exploits. We found the sections talking about his accomplishments the most helpful because most of them were accomplished during and after the French Revolution. We talked about his accomplishments, like the Napoleonic Wars and Napoleonic Code, in the Foreign Response and Lasting Legacy pages. Wilde, Robert. "Pre-Revolution France - France Pre-Revolution."About.com. The New York Times Company, n.d. Web. 9 Oct 2011. <http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/ thefrenchrevolution/a/hfr1.htm>. In this web article, Robert Wilde writes about geographical, social, and political aspects of France before the occurrence of the French Revolution. With research from books and websites, Wilde describes what life was like in France pre-revolutionarily: the land was made of different provinces and governed in separate sections, and laws were applied differently in each area, while the three estates or social groups of France were relatively the same as it was during the revolution. This essay was useful because it gave us a good description of each part of life in France, though it lacked in telling how the king and queen of France ruled and what the laws were exactly in the parts of France. However, the author wrote more sections to his article about the French Revolution, which offered more insight. We used his information on the Pre-Revolution section of our website.

Wilde, Robert. "Recreating France 1789-91." About.com: European History. The New York Times Company, 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2012. <europeanhistory.about.com/od/thefrenchrevolution/a/ hfr4.htm>. This source is the fourth section of the History of the French Revolution on About.com by European historian, Robert Wilde. It is titled Recreating France 1789-91. It talks about the Great Fear, the feudal peasant revolt, and the night of August 4th in the National Assembly. On August 4th, the August Decrees were passed saying that all privileges enjoyed by the clergy and nobility would be abolished. The next sections talk about the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, October Days, the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, and the forming of the Jacobins and Girondins political parties. The article was helpful because it provided detail on all of the events from 1789-1791, but we would have liked more pictures or primary sources.