Nghien Cuu Tien Trinh Nang Cap Mang Thong Tin Di Dong GSM Va Giao Thuc

Li m u
Lc bt u n em vn cha bit chn ti g, ch bit lm v 3G. Sau 1 thi gian thc tp v lm bo co thc tp em c iu kin c nhiu hn v cng ngh GSM. Em quyt nh lm ti Nghin cu tin trnh nng cp mng thng tin di ng GSM v giao thc, gip em hiu mng thng tin di ng GSM tin ln 4G nh th no v lin kt vi nhng mng thng tin khc nh th no, y l bc t vn . Bc tip theo l gii quyt vn , em s tm hiu sau khi i lm hoc hc cao hc. hon thnh ti ng thi hn, ngi u tin em xin chn thnh cm n l Thy Nguyn Ngc Vn to mi iu kin v tn tnh hng dn. Ngi tip l, Thy Qu - Hc vin bu chnh vin thng; Bc Giao, anh Phng, anh Thng phng NGN -Vin k thut bu in; anh Hng Anh i chuyn mch ca Mobifone gip em ti liu v hng dn chn ti v anh trai th lun ng vin hon thin n sm nht c th H Ni, ngy 15 thng 5 nmg 2008 Sinh vin L Th Thu Trang
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
Tm tt n
Ni dung n chia lm 2 phn - Phn mt: Trnh by theo tin trnh nng cp, pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng GSM. Ni dung ca mi Chng tp trung ch yu vo core network l; s cu trc mng (tng ng vi mi cng ngh), chc nng ca phn t trong mng, giao din v cc k thut c s dng. - Phn hai: Khi qut chung mt s giao thc s dng trong min gi d liu (t GPRS n 4G) nh RTP, BICC, H.248/MEGACO, SIP Giao thc ging nh mt quy tc giao thng gip cho vic lu thng c thng sut hn V s lng trang trong n khng cho php nn em vn cn thiu nhiu mng v tuyn trong thng tin di ng, v phn giao thc vn cha k. Em s tm hiu sau
Thesis Summary
The thesis content is devided two parts: - Part one: present the upgrade of GSM mobile communication from 2G(GSM) to 4G. The content of each chapter concentrate on the core network, as the network structure, the function of the elements in network, the interface and few used technologies - Part two: Introduce generally some protocols used in data package domain (from GPRS to 4G) such as RTP, BICC, H.248/MEGACO, SIP The protocol is similar to the traffic rule that help traffic thng sut hn Beacause of the page limitation in the thesis. Therefore, I am short of the fields of the radio in the mobile communication, and lack the details of a protocol. I will study later
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Mc Lc
Li m u ..................................................................................................................1 Tm tt n ..............................................................................................................2 Mc Lc ......................................................................................................................3 Danh sch cc Hnh v................................................................................................7 Danh sch cc bng.....................................................................................................8 Phn I Cc cng ngh mng thng tin di ng GSM .......................................9 Chng 1 Mng thng tin di ng GSM......................................................9 1.1 Lch s pht trin ..........................................................................................9 1.2 H thng GSM..............................................................................................9 1.2.1 Cc thnh phn ca h thng. ..............................................................11 1.2.1.1 phn h v tuyn ...........................................................................12 1.2.1.2 phn h chuyn mch ....................................................................14 1.2.2 Cc giao din trong mng GSM...........................................................16 1.2.2.1 Giao din A gia BSS MSC.......................................................16 1.2.2.2 Giao din Abis gia BSC BTS...................................................17 1.2.2.3 Giao din B gia MSC server VLR ...........................................18 1.2.2.4 Giao din C gia HLR v MSC server .........................................18 1.2.2.5 Giao din D gia HLR v VLR ....................................................18 1.2.2.6 Giao din E gia nhng MSC server ...........................................18 1.2.2.7 Giao din F gia MSC server v EIR ...........................................19 1.2.2.8 Giao din G gia nhng VLR .......................................................19 1.2.2.9 im giao din Nc gia MSC server v GMSC server ...............19 1.2.2.10 Giao din H gia HLR v AuC ....................................................19 1.3 S pht trin h thng khng dy ...............................................................19 Chng 2 Cng ngh GPRS ...........................................................................21 2.1 gii thiu chung v GPRS ..........................................................................21 2.2 Phn t mi trong GPRS ............................................................................22 2.2.1 Nhng Node h tr ca GPRS............................................................22 2.2.2 S phn bit Data/Voice trong BSS.....................................................23 2.2.3 n v iu khin knh (Channel Control Unit) ................................23 2.2.4 Mng tng i roaming GPRS.............................................................24 2.3 Giao din trong mng GPRS ......................................................................25 2.3.1 Giao din Gb gia BSS v SGSN.........................................................25 2.3.2 Giao din Gr gia SGSN v HLR........................................................25 2.3.3 Giao din Gn v Gp gia SGSN v GGSN .........................................26 2.3.4 Giao din Gc l ng bo hiu gia GGSN v HLR.........................26 2.3.5 Giao din Gf gia SGSN v EIR .........................................................26 2.3.6 Giao din Gs gia MSC/VLR v SGSN..............................................26 2.4 Giao thc GPRS .........................................................................................27
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Chng 3 Cng ngh GSM/EDGE ...............................................................27 3.1 S khc nhau v k thut gia GPRS v EDGE .......................................27 3.2 Chun ho ...................................................................................................30 3.3 Tng lai ca GSM/EDGE l hng ti WCDMA ...................................31 3.4 Li ch ca EGPRS....................................................................................31 Chng 4 Cng ngh UMTS Release 99.....................................................32 4.1 Tng quan v UMTS (l 3G).......................................................................32 4.2 Nhng phn t mi trong R99...................................................................35 4.3 Giao din mi trong R99 ..........................................................................38 4.3.1 Giao din Iu gia UTRAN CN .........................................................38 4.3.2 Giao din Iu CS....................................................................................38 4.3.3 Giao din Iu PS ...................................................................................40 4.3.4 Giao din Iu BC ...................................................................................40 4.3.5 Giao din Iur gia RNC RNC...........................................................41 4.3.6 Giao din Iub gia RNC Node B ......................................................43 Chng 5 Cng ngh UMTS Release 4 ........................................................45 5.1 Gii thiu ....................................................................................................45 5.2 Kin trc chuyn mch mm R4 ................................................................46 5.2.1 MSC server .........................................................................................47 5.2.2 Media gateway (MGW) .......................................................................47 5.2.3 Gateway MSC server (GMSC server) .................................................47 5.3 Nhng giao din mi trong R4 ..................................................................48 5.3.1 Giao din Mc: (G)MSC server ti CS-MGW.......................................48 5.3.2 Giao din Nc gia MSC server v MSC server...................................49 5.3.3 Giao din Nb gia 2 MGW..................................................................49 Chng 6 Cng ngh UMTS Release 5 .........................................................50 6.1 UMTS Realease 5: Gii thiu IMS ..........................................................50 6.1.1 Nhng phn t mi trong R5 ...............................................................50 6.1.1.1 CSCF Call Session Control Function..........................................50 6.1.1.2 MGCF v MGW............................................................................52 6.1.1.3 HSS (Home Subscriber Server).....................................................52 6.1.1.4 AS (Application Server)................................................................52 6.1.1.5 BGCF (Breakout Gateway Control Function) ..............................52 6.1.1.6 MRF (Multimedia Resource Function)........................................53 6.1.1.7 SLF (Subscription Location Function).........................................53 6.1.1.8 Cng bo hiu (SGW) ...................................................................53 6.1.1.9 Cng bo mt ................................................................................54 6.1.1.10 PDF (Policy Decision Function) ..................................................54 6.1.2 Nhng giao din trong kin trc IMS .................................................55 6.2 UMTS Realease 5: Truy cp gi downlink tc cao (HSDPA).............57 6.3 UMTS Release 6 v Release 7....................................................................58 6.3.1 UMTS Release 6 ..................................................................................58 6.3.2 UMTS Release 7 v xa hn .................................................................58 Chng 7 Cc cng ngh khng dy khc .....................................................59
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7.1 Mng WLAN ..............................................................................................59 7.1.1 Gii thiu chung v WLAN.................................................................59 7.1.2 So snh WLAN v UMTS ...................................................................60 7.2 WiMax (chun 802.16)...............................................................................64 7.2.1 Tng quan v WiMax (802.16)............................................................64 7.2.2 So snh 802.16 (WiMax) vi UMTS, HSDPA, v WLAN...............68 7.3 UMTS v tinh (satellite UMTS) .................................................................69 Chng 8 Tng quan v 4G............................................................................73 8.1 Yu cu xy dng mng di ng khng dy th h mi 4G ......................73 8.2. Cc quan im tip cn mng th h mi 4G.............................................73 8.2.1. Cch tip cn theo quan im h thng ...............................................73 8.2.2. Cch tip cn theo quan im tch hp mng ......................................74 8.3. nh ngha mng di ng ALL-IP 4G.......................................................74 8.4. Cc th h cng ngh..................................................................................75 8.5 Cc c im cng ngh 4G .......................................................................78 8.5.1 H tr lu lng IP ..............................................................................79 8.5.2 H tr tnh di ng tt..........................................................................79 8.5.3 H tr nhiu cng ngh v tuyn khc nhau .......................................79 8.5.4 Khng cn lin kt iu khin .............................................................80 8.5.5 H tr bo mt u cui-u cui........................................................80 8.6 Cc m hnh khuyn ngh cho 4G ..............................................................81 8.6.1 M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4G ca mobile it forum.........81 8.6.2 M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca mobi dick...................82 8.6.3 M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca cisco...........................82 8.7 Mng 4G tng qut .....................................................................................83 8.8 KT LUN ................................................................................................84 Phn 2 Giao Thc v hin trng mng di ng Vit Nam............................84 Chng 9 Giao thc trong Release 4..............................................................84 9.1 Giao thc RTP ............................................................................................84 9.1.1 RTP giao din Nb .............................................................................84 9.1.2 B nhn dng ngun ............................................................................85 9.1.3 Bo mt vi RTP..................................................................................86 9.1.4 S d tha trong RTP ..........................................................................86 9.2 Giao thc SDP (Session Description Protocol)..........................................86 9.3 MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol) ................................................86 9.4 Giao thc H.248..........................................................................................88 9.4.1. Lch s pht trin. ................................................................................88 9.4.1.1 MEGACO v MGCP .....................................................................88 9.4.2 Cc thut ng v m hnh kt ni ........................................................89 9.4.2.1 Media Gateway .............................................................................89 9.4.2.2 Termination v Context.................................................................90 9.4.2.3 c tnh, s kin, tn hiu v thng k.........................................91 9.4.2.4 nh ngha Lnh...........................................................................92 9.4.2.5 Bn tin, giao dch, hnh ng.......................................................93
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9.4.2.6 Gi ................................................................................................94 9.4.2.7 M t.............................................................................................95 9.4.3 Chi tit v cc lnh...............................................................................96 9.4.3.1 ADD .............................................................................................96 9.4.3.2 MODIFY ......................................................................................97 9.4.3.3 SUBTRACT..................................................................................98 9.4.3.4 MOVE ..........................................................................................99 9.4.3.5 SERVICECHANGE...................................................................100 9.4.3.6 NOTIFY......................................................................................100 9.4.4 Cc kch bn.......................................................................................100 9.4.4.1 Khi to MG (khi ng lnh)....................................................100 9.4.4.2 Thit lp cuc gi........................................................................102 9.4.4.3 Gii phng cuc gi: kch bn 1, kch bn 2, kch bn 3 ............102 9.4.4.4 Kim tra gi tr_AuditValue........................................................102 9.5 BICC (Bearer-Independent Call Control)...............................................103 9.6 Giao thc SIGTRAN ................................................................................104 9.7 Tng kt ....................................................................................................104 Chng 10 Giao thc trong Release 5..........................................................105 10.1 Giao thc SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) ............................................105 10.1.1 nh a ch SIP .............................................................................105 10.1.2 Nhng thnh phn SIP .....................................................................106 10.1.2.1 UA (User Agent) .......................................................................106 10.1.2.2 Proxy Server..............................................................................107 10.1.2.3 Registrar server .........................................................................107 10.1.2.4 Redirect server..........................................................................107 10.1.2.5 Location service ........................................................................107 10.1.3 SIP messages (Nhng bn tin SIP) ..................................................107 10.1.4 SIP responses ..................................................................................109 10.1.5 Conferencing with SIP .....................................................................109 Chng 11 Hin trng mng di ng Vit Nam .......................................110 11.1 Hin trng cng ngh CDMA, GSM v WiMax trn th gii ...............110 11.1.1 CDMA..............................................................................................110 11.1.2 GSM .................................................................................................111 11.1.3 WiMAX ...........................................................................................111 11.2 Tnh hnh ti Vit Nam ...........................................................................111 11.3 Tnh hnh chun b ln 3G ca cc nh khai thc vin thng Vit Nam .........................................................................................................................113 Ch vit tt ..............................................................................................................117 Ti liu tham kho...................................................................................................124
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Danh sch cc Hnh v

Hnh 1.1: M hnh h thng GSM ............................................................................12 Hnh 2.1: Tng quan nhng thay i trong BSS v mng li GSM.........................21 Hnh 2.2: Mng tng i Roaming GPRS (GRX) ...................................................24 Hnh 2.3: Nhng lp ca giao din Gb ....................................................................25 Hnh 2.4: Giao thc ca GPRS ................................................................................27 Hnh 3.1: EGPRS gii thiu nhng thay i trn BSS trong mng GPRS...............28 Hnh 3.2: Biu I/Q ch ra nhng ch li iu ch ca EDGE .............................29 Bng 3.2: Tc v iu ch ca MCS-1 ti MCS-9 ..............................................29 Hnh 3.3: Giao thc ca EDGE.................................................................................31 Hnh 3.4: Hi t nhiu chun khc nhau v EDGE ..................................................32 Hnh 4.1: Vng ph sng ca UMTS .......................................................................33 Hnh 4.2: Nhng phn t mi cho mng UMTS ......................................................35 Hnh 4.3: Kin trc phn truy nhp...........................................................................36 Hnh 4.4: Cu trc giao thc Iu CS...........................................................................39 Hnh 4.5: Cu trc giao thc Iu PS ..........................................................................40 Hnh 4.6: Nhm giao thc ca giao din Iur. ..........................................................41 Hnh 4.7: Ging giao thc giao din Iur ...................................................................43 Hnh 4.8: M hnh logic ca Node B i vi FDD...................................................44 Hnh 5.1: Khi nim mng n i vi R4 UMTS..................................................45 Hnh 5.2: Nhng phn t mi cho mng UMTS R4................................................46 Hnh 5.3: Kin trc mng BICC vi giao din A v Iu ............................................48 Hnh 5.4: User plane cho UMTS R4.........................................................................49 Hnh 6.1: H thng ph a truy nhm ( IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) )..............50 Hnh 6.2: Chuyn i bo hiu trong SGW ..............................................................54 Hnh 6.3: Kin trc IMS...........................................................................................55 Hnh 7.1: Kin trc ca WLAN ................................................................................59 Hnh 7.2: Tc d liu v s ph thuc ca chng vo di ng ...........................61 Hnh 7.3: Kin trc ni lin gia WLAN IEEE 802.11 v UMTS.........................62 Hnh 7.4: Quan h ni lin gia IEEE 802.11 WLAN AP v 3G-SGSN...............63 Hnh 7.5: S h thng mng WiMax ...................................................................65 Hnh 7.6: D on pht trin ca h thng mng v dch v ...................................66 Hnh 7.7: Cu trc mng WiMax trn nn IP ...........................................................67 Hnh 7.8: Kin trc mng UMTS v tinh..................................................................69 Hnh 7.9: Cu trc bn trong ca cng .....................................................................69 Hnh 7.10: Vin cnh v tinh trong sut Tch hp Iub ( BPNodeB ) v Iu ( BPRNC ) .........................................................................................................71 Hnh 8.1: Cc cng ngh khng dy tch hp mng 4G ..........................................75 Hnh 8.2: M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca mobile it forum..............81 Hnh 8.3: M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca mobi dick.......................82 Hnh 8.4: M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca cisco...............................82 Hnh 8.5: Kt ni lin tc gia cc mng ................................................................83
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Hnh 9.1: iu khin cng phng tin (media) .....................................................87 Hnh 9.2: Lch s pht trin ca H.248....................................................................88 Hnh 9.3: M t kt ni H.248 .................................................................................89 Hnh 9.4: V tr ca RTP ..........................................................................................91 Hnh 9.5: Mi quan h gia bn tin v giao dch.....................................................94 Hnh 9.6: Mi quan h gia giao dch, context v lnh ...........................................94 Hnh 9.7: Cc m t .................................................................................................95 Hnh 9.8: Kin trc ca BICC...............................................................................104 Hnh 10.1: Kin trc thnh phn SIP .....................................................................106 Hnh 11.1: Xu hng pht trin cc chun vin thng ...........................................112 Hnh 11.2: Mng GPRS ca MobiFone ..................................................................114
Danh sch cc bng

Bng 1.1: Tc t CS-1 n CS-4 .........................................................................24 Bng 3.1: GPRS v EDGE: So snh thng tin k thut............................................28 Bng 3.2: tc v iu ch ca MCS-1 ti MCS-9 ..............................................29 Bng 9.1: Header ca RTP......................................................................................85 Bng 9.2: RTP payload type assignment ................................................................85 Bng 9.3: So snh MEGACO v MGCP ................................................................88 Bng 10.1: Nhng gii php SIP...........................................................................108 Bng 10.2: Nhng lp code tr li ca SIP ..........................................................109
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Phn I
Chng 1
Cc cng ngh mng thng tin di ng GSM Mng thng tin di ng GSM
1.1 Lch s pht trin Cng ngh di ng u tin l cng ngh tng t, khi u t nhng nm 70 vi cc cng ngh tiu biu nh AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) ti North American (1983), NTT ti Nht (1977) v NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone) ti Europe (1983). Nm 1982, hi ngh qun l bu in v vin thng Chu u (CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications ad minstrations) thnh lp 1 nhm nghin cu, GSM Group Speciale Mobile, mc ch pht trin chun mi v thng tin di ng Chu u. Nm 1987, 13 quc gia k vo bn ghi nh v ng gii thiu mng GSM vo nm 1991 Nm 1988, Tr s chun vin thng Chu u (ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute) c thnh lp, c trch nhim bin i nhiu tin c k thut GSM thnh chun European Ngy 01/07/1991 Phn Lan (finland) cuc gi in thoi GSM u tin t cng vin Helsinki, nh du GSM900 Phase 1 European. Nm 1995, chun GSM pht trin ln Phase 2. Tp trung pht trin vo pht m thoi v nhng dch v lin quan n nhng cuc gi m thoi N m 1998, 3GPP (the Third Generation Partnership) pht trin chun GSM ln GPRS v EDGE S pht trin k thut t FDMA -1G, 2G l kt hp FDMA v TDMA, 3G CDMA 1.2 H thng GSM H thng GSM lm vic trong mt bng tn hp, di tn c bn t (890960MHz). Bng tn c chia lm 2 phn: Uplink band t (890 915) MHz Downlink ban t (935 960)MHz Bng tn gm 124 sng mang c chia lm 2 bng, mi bng rng 25MHz, khong cch gia 2 sng mang k nhau l 200KHz. Mi knh s dng 2 tn s
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ring bit cho 2 ng ln v xung gi l knh song cng. Khong cch gia 2 tn s l khng i bng 45MHz. Mi knh v tuyn mang 8 khe thi gian TDMA v mi khe thi gian l mt knh vt l trao i thng tin gia MS v mng GSM. Tc m t (6.5 13)Kbps. 125 knh tn s c nh s t 0 n 124 c gi l knh tn s tuyt i ARFCN (Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number). Ful(n) = 890 MHz + (0,2MHz) * n Fdl(n) = Ful(n) + 45MHz Vi 1 <= n <= 124 Cu trc ca 2 knh vt l v knh logic: - Cc knh vt l l mt khe thi gian mt tn s v tuyn dnh truyn ti thng tin ng v tuyn ca GSM. Mi mt knh tn s v tuyn c t chc thnh cc khung TDMA di 4,62ms gm c 8 khe thi gian (mt khe di 577 s) Cc knh logic c c trng bi thng tin truyn gia BTS v MS. Cc knh logic ny c t vo knh vt l ni trn. C th chia cc knh logic gm 2 loi knh: cc knh lu lng (TCH) v cc knh bo hiu iu khin K thut a truy cp ti giao din v tuyn Trong h thng thng tin v tuyn/ di ng, cc k thut a truy nhp c s dng iu khin vic cp pht ti nguyn mng. Mc ch ca cc k thut a truy nhp l: Cung cp cho mi ngi dng (user-u cui) phng cch truy nhp xc nh ti ngun ti nguyn cn chia s (ph tn s - spectrum); gim thiu nh hng ca nhiu gia cc thu bao; s dng hiu qu bng tn sn c; h tr vic cp pht ti nguyn linh hot (cho cc dch v khc nhau) Cc phng php a truy nhp a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s (FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access ) Khi nim: FDMA l mt phng thc a truy nhp m mi thu bao c cp pht mt knh tn s xc nh v duy nht thu bao c quyn s dng knh tn s ny trong sut qu trnh lin lc. (Qualcomm, 1997) a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA Time Division Multiple Access) Khi nim: TDMA l phng thc chia s knh tn s c cp pht cho mt s thu bao. Tuy nhin, mi thu bao ch c php trao i thng tin (thu/pht) ti
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mt khe thi gian nht nh trc. khi cc knh mang thng tin ca cc thu bao s dng chung 1 knh tn s c phn bit v mt thi gian. (Qualcomm, 1997) a truy nhp phn chia theo m (CDMA Code Division Multiple Access) Khi nim: CDMA l mt phng thc a truy nhp trong cc thu bao c th s dng ng thi knh tn s c cp pht ti mi thi im v c phn knh thng qua mt m c cp pht duy nht. Tn hiu c phn bit ti my thu s dng mt b tng quan cho php ch nhn nng lng tn hiu t knh mong mun. Tn hiu t cc knh khc c coi nh nhiu i vi my thu . (Qualcomm, 1997) 1.2.1 Cc thnh phn ca h thng. PLMN theo chun GSM c chia lm 3 phn h: Phn h chuyn mch NSS (Network Switching Subsytem): MSC, HLR, VLR, AuC, EIR Phn h v tuyn RSS = BSS + MS RSS Radio SubSystem -> MS = ME +SIM: Trong SIM cha cc s nhn dng IMSI, TMSI; s hiu nhn dng vng nh v LAI - > BSS = TRAU + BSC + BTS: BSS kt ni vi NSS qua cng PCM c s 2Mbps Phn h vn hnh v bo dng (khai thc) OMS (Operation and Maintenance Subsystem) Phn h khai thc thc hin 3 chc nng chnh: Khai thc v bo dng mng, Qun l thu bao v tnh cc, Qun l thit b di ng
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Hnh 1.1: M hnh h thng GSM 1.2.1.1 phn h v tuyn BSS (Base Station System ) c chc nng cung cp ng truyn gia MS vi tng i MSC. BSS trao i thng tin vi MS trn giao din v tuyn Um v vi MSC (SGSN) bng cc truyn truyn dn 2Mbps qua giao din A(Gb): BSS = BSC + BTS + TRAU (TCE) BSC ( Base Station Controller) iu khin 1 vi Cell (1 vi BTS) vqun l tt c giao din v tuyn thng qua cc lnh iu khin xa BTS v MS. Cc lnh ny ch yu l cc lnh n nh, gii phng knh v tuyn v qun l chuyn giao (handover). Trong thc t BSC l mt tng i nh c vai tr qun l cc knh giao din v tuyn v chuyn giao. BSC phi thc hin 1 vi chc nng: - c lng bo hiu gia MS v tng i (mng li CN)
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performing gaging in a group of cells for every mobile terminating call (MTC) - Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn i vi mi BTS - Chuyn mch khe thi gian t mng li ti ng BTS - Cung cp im truy cp bo tr v vn hnh chnh cho ton b BSS - Lu d cu hnh data i vi tt c nhng phn t trong BSS. Handover l 1 thu bao t Cell ny n cell khc, yu cu mi BTS phi: nh gi thng bo o lng c pht t mi di ng trong sut qu trnh gi, xc nh khi no th chuyn giao Truy cp ti ti nguyn c sn trong mi BTS hng xm; C th thng tin vi BTS hng xm yu cu ti nguyn cho mi mobile cn handover, v hp tc handover Hp tc handover(chuyn giao) vi tng i in thoi mc ch n bit BTS no ang x l mi cuc gi BTS (Base Transceiver Station) trong 1 cell. BTS c chc nng trao i thng tin vi MS. Mi BTS bao gm cc thit b thu pht, anten v x l tn hiu c th cho giao din v tuyn cung cp giao din v tuyn cho mt cell. Dung lng knh thoi ca mng GSM, trong bt k mt vng, c xc nh bi s lng tn s mang trn mi cell v mt cell trn mt vng. nhim v chnh ca BTS l: - M knh (s dng FR, HR hoc EFR), mt m v gii mt m (ch vi nhng kt ni chuyn mch knh) - ng b mt vi mt m MS v thi gian v tn s - Khi v tuyn tng t iu ch, khuych i v phi hp thu pht - Khi bng gc phi hp tc truyn thoi, s liu v m ho knh - s c lng v optimizatin v cht lng pht UL v DL (s dng nhiu cch o ring v nhng thng bo o MS) TRAU(TCE): Tn hiu trn giao din v tuyn c m ho tc 13kbps s dng m tin nh tuyn tnh LPC. thch ng tc ny vi tc mng thoi c nh PSTN cn c b chuyn i m TRAU chuyn i gia 13kbps LPC v 64kbps PCM gia MS v MSC. TRAU c th t ti BTS, BSC hoc ti MSC. Mi 20ms cha 260bit ting s c b sung 60bit v tc lung s mi knh t 16kbps. Vi truyn s liu, khng cn chuyn i m nhng tc s liu thay i
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t 9,6kbps ln 16kbps truyn trn giao din knh mt t (trong c 3kbps TRAU) ME (Mobile Equiptment) = hardware + software l thit b di ng. ME tng ng s IMEI = Assigned at the factory SIM: lu gi thng tin nhn thc thu bao v mt m ho/ gii mt m ho. Cc thng tin lu d trong SIM Cc s nhn dng IMSI, TMSI - Kho nhn thc Ki - Kho mt m Kc - S hiu nhn dng vng nh v LAI (LAI Location Area ID) - Danh sch cc tn s ln cn C 3 lp khc bit ca thit b di ng (ME) GPRS vi GSM. - Lp A: thit b c kh nng x l cuc gi thoi v chuyn gi data cng mt thi im. - Lp B: Thit b c th x l thoi hoc lu lng gi data v c th t vic chuyn gi trng thi tr nhn cuc gi thoi. - Lp C: Thit b c th x l c 2 thoi v data 1.2.1.2 phn h chuyn mch MSC ( Mobile service Switching Centre) c nhim v iu phi vic thit lp cuc gi n nhng ngi s dng mng GSM. Mt mt giao tip vi BSS, mt khc giao tip vi mng ngoi (qua GMSC) MSC thng l mt tng i ln iu khin v qun l mt s cc b iu khin trm gc BSC. MSC thc hin cc chc nng: X l cuc gi, vn hnh v bo dng, chc nng tng tc v tnh cc. MSC c th trin khai 2 dng: MSC server - x l bo hiu; CS-MGW x l bo hiu ngi dng MSC server iu khin cuc gi t lc bt u n kt thc trong min CS, hon thnh bo hiu v bin dch vo trong mng bo hiu. Cha d liu dch v thu bao trong VLR v d liu lin quan CAMEL. CS-MGW (Circuit Switch - Media Gateway Function) gip chuyn i phng tin, iu khin vt mang v x l kch thc gi qua giao din Iu. H.248 c ngh xc nhn m ph thm v nhng giao thc ng khung.
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IWF (the Interworking Function) ni ti MSC cung cp lin kt gia mng PLMN v mng c nh (ISDN, PSTN v PDNs). Vic giao tip vi mng ngoi i hi cng thch ng (cc chc nng tng tc IWF) thch ng cc c im truyn dn ca GSM v cc mng ngoi. Chc nng ca IWF l - ph thuc vo dch v v loi mng c nh. - Chuyn giao thc c dng trong mng PLMN sang nhng giao thc c dng trong mng c nh GMSC (the Gateway MSC): thit lp mt cuc gi n ngi s dng GSM, trc ht cuc gi phi c nh tuyn n mt tng i cng GMSC m khng cn bit v tr hin thi ca thu bao.GMSC c nhim v ly thng tin v v tr hin thi ca thu bao v nh tuyn cuc gi n tng i ang qun l thu bao thi im hin thi (MSC tm tr). Mun vy, trc ht cc tng i phi da trn s thoi danh b ca thu bao tm ng HLR cn thit v hi HLR ny: MSC -> HLR tng ng -> MSC c MS. - GMSC quyt nh iu khin kt ni vi mng bn ngoi, khi truy vn ti HLR v MSC. - c trin khai trn 2 thc th: GMSC server x l bo hiu v CS-MGW - Nu cuc gi l m thoi/qung b, th call c nh tuyn trc tip ti MSC kt ni vi VBS/VGCS HLR (the Home Location Register) l c s d liu tham chiu lu gi lu di cc thng tin v thu bao - Cc s nhn dng thu bao IMSI, MSISDN - Cc thng tin v thu bao (t 1-4 triu thu bao ) - Danh sch cc dch v MS c/hn ch s dng - S hiu VLR ang phc v MS AuC (the Authentication Centre) l c s d liu lu gi cc kho thu bao Ki cho tt c cc thu bao trng mng. AuC c chc nng nhn thc v to kho Kc s dng trong cuc gi. VLR (the Visition Location Register) l c s d liu trung gian lu gi tm thi thng tin v thu bao trong vng phc v MSC/VLR.
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V tr hin thi ca MS trong vng phc v MSC no Trng thi thu bao (bn-busy, ri-idle) Cc s nhn dng: IMSI, MSISDN, TMSI Nhn dng vng LAI. S lu ng trm di ng MSRN
EIR (the Equipment Identity Register) l c s d liu thng tin v tnh hp l ca thit b ME qua s IMEI. Mt s thit b s c s IMEI thuc 1 trong 3 danh sch. - Sch trng: IMEI hp l - Sch en: IMEI ca MS b mt cp - Sch xm: IMEI ca MS b li khng p ng c chun GSM EIR c truy cp t MSC ca mng hoc MSC mng khc. Trong mng c th c nhiu EIR SMS GMSC (SMS Gateway MSC) l mt giao din gia trung tm SMS v PLMN, message ngn c gi ti MS t trung tm dch v (SC Service Centre) 1.2.2 Cc giao din trong mng GSM 1.2.2.1 Giao din A gia BSS MSC L kh nng cung cp nhiu dch v cho nhng ngi dng GSM v thu bao. Thm vo , giao din A cho php cp pht ti nguyn ph hp trong mng PLMN, vn hnh v bo qun nhng ti nguyn ny. Ch tiu k thut m giao din A cho php l: - Kt ni ca nhiu hng sn xut BSS khc nhau ti cng 1 MSC v ngc li - S dng cng mt kiu BSS (MSC) trong nhiu mng PLMN - Pht trin ring ca MSC v k thut BSS - Tin ti gim tc m thoi - h tr tt c nhng dch v Tp hp nhng c tnh gm: Nhng tham s vt l v in t trng, cu trc knh, tin trnh vn hnh mng, thng tin vn hnh v duy tr bo dng. nh ngha giao din MSC ti BSS ging trong mng ISDN. Lp 3 c thm nhng th tc iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn v nhn dng nhiu s kin s dng SCCP. Lp 2 da vo bo hiu SS7 MTP (Message Transfer Part), hoc trong trng hp vn chuyn bo hiu c s IP M3UA v SCTP. Trong trng hp SS7 MTP, lp 1 l s ( 2,048Mbps) hoc tng t th data vn c cho qua v s dng modem.
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C th ho lp 3 l 2 giao thc giao din c nhn dng trong BSS ti MSC l: BSSOMAP, BSSAP - BSSAP c chia thnh BSSMAP v DTAP: DTAP text gip messages giao din khng kh lp 3 c i qua BSS v DTAP text cng c x l BSS; BSSMAP chu trch nhim nhiu kha cnh ca x l ti nguyn v tuyn trong BSS. Text c cu trc nh mt tp nhng tin trnh c nh ngha v c th tn dng bi nh khai thc/ nh sn xut ph hp ti nhng yu cu ng dng ang dng. Chnh nhng tin trnh b iu khin theo nhng ch khc nhau ph thuc vo tham s u vo c nhn t MSC hoc c gi t OMC - BSSOMAP h tr tt c nhng thng tin O v M cho BSS bi MSC hoc BSS 1.2.2.2 Giao din Abis gia BSC BTS Giao din Abis c kh nng h tr tt c nhng dch v ti ngi dng GSM v nhiu thu bao. Thm vo , n cho php iu khin thit b v cp pht tn s trong BTS Nhng ch tiu k thut giao din Abis cho php: - Kt ni ca nhiu nh sn xut BTS/TRX khc nhau ti cng mt BSC v ngc li, tu theo nh v nhng b chuyn m - s dng cng mt loi BTS/TRX (BSC) trong nhiu mng PLMN, tu theo s nh v b chuyn m - Pht trin ring ca BSC v k thut BTS/TRX - Tin ti i mi nhng tin nghi O & M - nh v nhng b chuyn m trong BSC hay trong BTS - Gii php vt l khc nhau ca thit b khc nhau trong BTS - H tr TRX n cu thnh BTS nh ngha giao din Abis tin ti ging ISDN: Lp 3 bng nhng tin trnh thm vo iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn; Lp 2 da vo giao thc LAPD; Lp 1 l s ( tc 2,048Mbps) hoc tng t th data c i qua bi modem Trng hp transcoder c t bn ngoi BTS, tr truyn ton b trn 1 ng gia im kt ni PSTN/ISDN v MS c gii hn l 1,5ms ( xp x 300km). Transcoder t trong BTS, gii hn l 6,5ms (xp x 1300km). Transcoder l mt phn ca BSS v c th c t bn ngoi BTS (e.g MSC-site hoc BSC-site) c th ghp knh thoi v data trn nhng ng link trong BSS v trn ng link BSC-BTS
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TRX (Transceiver): trong mng GSM PLMN l mt phn t chc nng h tr 8 knh v tuyn c s ca TDMA-frame BCF (Base Control Function): l phn t chc nng x l nhng chc nng iu khin chung trong BTS, e.g frequency hopping sequences. nhiu BTS-site, mt trong s nhng BCF c th c chn thc hin nhiu chc nng thng thng (e.g external alarms, power supply, time base) 1.2.2.3 Giao din B gia MSC server VLR VLR l c s data nh v v qun l nhng thu bao di ng roaming n khu vc MSC server m VLR kt hp. Bt k khi no MSC server cn data lin quan ti MS trong khu vc MSC ny, n s tham chiu ti VLR. Khi MS roam n mt vng nh v khc, n s updating thng tin location vi MSC server ni , MSC server li thng tin ti VLR cha thng tin ny. Khi mt thu bao kch hot dch ph hay gim bt mt vi data gn vi dch v, MSC server thng tin (thng qua VLR) ti HLR l ni cha nhiu sa i v updata ti VLR nu yu cu. Giao din B bn trong MSC server/VLR 1.2.2.4 Giao din C gia HLR v MSC server GMSC server phi tham chiu ti HLR thu bao yu cu thc hin nh tuyn thng tin cuc gi hoc bn tin ngn (SMS) ti thu bao 1.2.2.5 Giao din D gia HLR v VLR Giao din D c dng trao i data nh v MS v qun l thu bao. Dch v chnh cung cp cho thu bao di ng l thit lp hoc nhn nhng cuc gi. h tr iu , nhng danh sch nh v phi trao i data. VLR thng tin cho HLR nh v MS (HLR of location of MS) ( khi updating nh v hay thit lp cuc gi) s roaming ca MS . HLR gi tt c data liu cn ti VLR h tr dch v cho thu bao di ng. Sau HLR ch o VLR trc phi xo i ng k nh v thu bao ny. 1.2.2.6 Giao din E gia nhng MSC server Khi mt MS di chuyn t mt MSC ny ti mt MSC khc trong sut cuc gi, tin trnh handover phi thc hin duy tr thng tin. Do , nhng MSC server phi trao i data bt u v thc hin hot ng Khi SMS c dch chuyn gia MS v trung tm dch v SMS, giao din ny c chc nng dich chuyn message gia MSC server phc v MS v MSC server lm vic vi SC.
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1.2.2.7 Giao din F gia MSC server v EIR Giao din F dng trao i data, mc ch EIR c th xc nhn tnh trng IMEI c gi t MS. 1.2.2.8 Giao din G gia nhng VLR Tin trnh ng k nh v s xy ra khi thu bao di ng di chuyn t VLR ny ti VLR khc. Tin trnh ny gm vic phc hi li IMSI v nhng tham s xc nhn t VLR c 1.2.2.9 im giao din Nc gia MSC server v GMSC server Trn im giao din Nc, vic iu khin cuc gi c s gia mng - mng c thc hin. V d l ISUP hoc s pht trin ca ISUP cho iu khin cuc gi c lp vt mang (BICC Bearer Independent Call Control). La chn khc dnh cho vn chuyn bo hiu trn Nc l IP. Nc s cho php s dng bt k giao thc iu khin cuc gi ph hp (BICC, SIP-T) m c th h tr yu cu lu lng. 1.2.2.10 Giao din H gia HLR v AuC Khi HLR nhn yu cu xc nhn v mt m ho d liu cho thu bao di ng v n cng khng d d liu yu cu, HLR yu cu d liu t AuC 1.3 S pht trin h thng khng dy
Th h 1G: tt c nhng h thng u bt ngun t 1G l h thng tng t (vi thoi l lu lng chnh). Mt vi chun l NMT, AMPS, Hicap, CDPD, Mobitex, DataTac, TACS v ETACS.
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Th h 2G: Tt c nhng chun thuc vo 2G l trung tm thng mi v chng l dng s. Vo khong 60% thng mi hin nay b chi phi bi chun Chu u. Nhng chun 2G l GSM, iDEN, D-AMPS, IS-95, PDC, CSD, PHS, GPRS (2,5G), HSCSD, v WiDEN. Th h 3G: p ng yu cu pht trin dung lng mng, tc (tc dch chuyn d liu) v nhng ng dng a phng tin, chun 3G bt u c a ra. Nhng h thng trong chun ny l s pht trin tuyn tnh ca h thng 2G. Chng da vo 2 c s h tng chnh song song tn ti l nhng node chuyn mch knh, v nhng node chuyn mch gi. ITU nh ngha mt b nhng k thut giao din khng kh cho 3G, nh l phn sng kin ca IMT-2000. Hin nay, s chuyn giao xy ra t h thng 2G ti 3G. Mt phn ca s chuyn giao ny l mt s nhng k thut ang c chun ha. - 2,75G: l EDGE, EGPRS - 3G: l UMTS(W-CDMA), CDMA 2000 & 1xEV-DO/IS-856, FOMA, TDSCDMA, GAN/UMA - 3.5G: UMTS (HSDPA), UMTS (HSUPA) - Post 3G: UMTS (HSOPA/LTE) Th h 4G: Ty theo nhm lm vic 4G, c s h tng v u cui ca 4G s c tt c nhng chun t 2G ti 4G trin khai. C s h tng cho 4G s ch l gi (allIP). Mt vi xut l c mt platform m nhng i mi v pht trin c th ph hp. Nhng k thut ang c xem xt nh pre-4G l WiMax, WiBro, iBurst, 3GPP Long term Evolution v 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband. Nhng k thut chnh l: - k thut baseband (bng c s) l -> OFDM: khai thc c tnh knh chn lc tn s -> MIMO: t c hiu sut ph cao nht -> Turbo principle: gim n mc nh nht SNR theo yu cu bn thu - Giao din v tuyn thch ng - iu ch, x l khng gian gm MIMO nhiu anten v nhiu ngi dng - Relaying (s chuyn tip), gm mng chuyn tip c nh(FRN-Fixed Relay Network), v the cooperative relaying concept, c bit nh l giao thc nhiu ch
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Chng 2
Cng ngh GPRS
2.1 gii thiu chung v GPRS
Hnh 2.1: Tng quan nhng thay i trong BSS v mng li GSM Nhng c im mi trong GPRS l: - Chun ho dch v d liu chuyn mch gi - Kt ni IP t u cui ti u cui - Gii php c s cho mobile internet - M rng mng GSM, vi nhng node thm vo : SGSN, GGSN H thng pht d liu GPRS trong GSM: - Pht trin GSM: dng li ton b c s h tng mng GSM ang tn ti (mng v tuyn GSM v nhng phn t mng chuyn mch, nh HLR v MSC/VLR), thm h thng chuyn mch gi - GPRS cho php thng tin IP gia MS(Mobile Station) v IH (Internet Service Host) hoc corporate LAN - Kt ni IP end-to-end t u cui di ng ti nhng ISP (Internet Service Provider) server. Pht d liu l end-to-end gm c giao din khng kh - Khng cn k hoch tn s, s dng tn s GSM. Knh v tuyn GPRS c cp php ti ngi dng ch khi pht hoc nhn d liu. Knh v tuyn khng c cp pht trc ti MS, khi MS pht gi d liu, n c gi qua
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knh v tuyn t do u tin. GPRS chia s chung giao din v tuyn cng tn ti vi GSM chuyn mch knh. Kt lun v GPRS - H thng GPRS - bc u tin hng ti 3G - M rng kin trc mng GSM - Truy cp tc cao v hiu qu ti nhng mng chuyn mch gi khc (tng ti 115kbps) - Nhng dch v mi - Nhng ng dng mi - Volume based charging - Lun lun c kt ni, lun lun online 2.2 Phn t mi trong GPRS 2.2.1 Nhng Node h tr ca GPRS tch hp GPRS vo kin trc mng GSM ang tn ti, mt lp nhng node mng c gii thiu gi l node h tr GPRS (GSNs GPRS Support Node). GSNs chu trch nhim pht v nh tuyn nhng gi d liu gia MS v mng d liu bn ngoi (PDNs). SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node): Thanh ghi nh v cha 2 loi d liu thu bao cn thit x l bt u v kt thc vic truyn gi data User profiles: IMSI, nhn dng tm thi, a ch PDP Location information: Ch hot ng ca MS, Cell hoc vng nh tuyn ni m MS ng k; s VLR ca VLR c kt hp (nu Gs c trin khai); a ch GGSN Chc nng ca SGSN: nh tuyn, qun l di ng. SGSN pht hin v ng k v tr cho cc trm di ng GPRS mi trong phm vi phc v ca n v truyn pht cc gi s liu gia cc trm di ng v cc GGSN. SGSN iu khin cc giao thc giao din v tuyn mc cao, cng nh cc giao thc mng GPRS, tnh cc data ngi dng Chc nng c th SGSN trong GSM/EDGE: Tin ti lu lng 60kbps (150kbps i vi EDGE) trn mi thu bao Kt ni qua Frame relay hoc IP ti PCU s dng chc nng giao thc Gb Chp nhn data uplink cu thnh gi IP Bo mt data downlink, gii mt m data uplink Thc hin qun l ti mc cell cho nhiu ch di ng c kt ni
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Chc nng c th SGSN trong WCDMA Lu lng tin ti 300kbps trn mi thu bao (R99) Tin ti lu lng khong 7,2Mbps downlink v 2mbps uplink (HSPA) Nhng gi downlink/uplink Tunnel/detunnel hng ti RNC Tin ti qun l di ng ti mc RNC cho nhng ch di ng c kt ni GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)cha d liu thu bao nhn t HLR v SGSN. C 2 loi d liu ging SGSN Subscription information: IMSI, a ch PDP Location information: a ch SGSN cho SGSN ni m MS ng k GGSN hnh ng nh mt giao din ti mng d liu gi bn ngoi. N chuyn i nhng gi GPRS n t SGSN thnh nh dng PDP (Packet Data Protocol) tng ng v gi chng ra ngoi trn mng ngoi tng ng. Trong hng ngc li, a ch PDP ca gi data n (l a ch IP ch) c chuyn i thnh a ch GSM ca ngi dng ch. GGSN cha a ch SGSN hin ti v profile ca nhng ngi dng ng k vo thanh ghi nh v ca n. GGSN c kh nng tp trung thng tin tnh cc cho cc mc ch thanh ton. Ni chung, c mi quan h nhiu - nhiu gia SGSNs v GGSNs: Mt GGSN giao din vi mt mng ngoi cn mt vi SGSNs; mt SGSN c th nh tuyn nhiu gi ti nhiu GGSNs khc nhau. 2.2.2 S phn bit Data/Voice trong BSS PCU (the Packet Control Unit) c chc nng iu khin n MSC nu l voice , iu khin n SGSN nu l in thoi GPRS. Chc nng khc ca PCU l : Chia ra tng gi v lp li, trn 2 ng tch bit Downlink v Uplink iu khin truy nhp Lp danh sch tt c s truyn tch cc gm qun l knh v tuyn iu khin truyn (kim sot, m, truyn li ) PCU c th c t trong mng BTS, BSC hoc ngay trc switch, v tr thch hp l BSC 2.2.3 n v iu khin knh (Channel Control Unit) Coding Speed scheme (kbit/s) CS-1 CS-2 8.0 12.0
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CS-3 CS-4
14.4 20.0
Bng 1.1: Tc t CS-1 n CS-4 Tc truyn ph thuc vo m ha knh. The least robust, nhng nhanh nht, s phi hp m CS-4 (vng ph sng ca Cell chim 25%) l MS gn BTS, khi CS-1(ph sng ca Cell chim 98%) robust nht th c dng khi MS i ra xa hn tnh t BTS. Thit b mng mi c th adapt tc truyn t ng ph thuc vo v tr di ng. C rt nhiu a ch, c th l BTS phn bit ngi dng GPRS v khng dng GPRS. C mt vi xc nhn yu cu ca ngi dng nh cuc gi thng thng, gi v nhn gi cm (bursty packet), chia s khe thi gian vi nhiu ngi dng GPRS khc v to ra m CS(Coding Scheme)t CS1 ti CS4 nhng vic la chn m li ph thuc vo cht lng khng kh. Mi mt CS li s dng mt hiu chnh li ring ph hp vi tc d liu trn giao din khng kh. Khi trin khai GPRS trong mng GSM, mi BTS cn nng cp phn mm c kh nng thc hin nhng chc nng GPRS c th nh s dng CS1 ti CS4, h tr o lng knh v tuyn GPRS. Vic nng cp nh n v m ho knh (CCU Channel Codec Unit) v lun c t BTS. CCU k tha mt vi chc nng qun l v tuyn PCU nu latter khng c t BTS 2.2.4 Mng tng i roaming GPRS ( GPRS Roaming eXchange (GRX) Network)
Hnh 2.2: Mng tng i Roaming GPRS (GRX) BG (the Border Gateway) Kim sot truyn gi gia cc mng GPRS PLMN, Cung cp mc bo mt tng ng bo v PLMN v nhiu thu bao ca n
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2.3 Giao din trong mng GPRS 2.3.1 Giao din Gb gia BSS v SGSN Khng ging vi giao din A, giao din Gb mi ngi dng c cp pht ti nguyn duy nht trong sut thi gian tn ti cuc gi, khng quan tm n lung thng tin, Giao din Gb cho php nhiu ngi dng c ghp trn cng mt ti nguyn vt l Bo hiu GPRS v d liu ngi dng c th c gi trn cng ti nguyn vt l. Tc truy cp vi mi user thay i t d liu khng ti bng thng ln nht c th (TS 4818 700) Mng truy cp, kt ni PCU vi SGSN c chun ho lp 2. N chy giao thc frame relay trn lp 2 v BSSGP, LLC v SNDCP trn nhng lp cao. Khi BSSGP header c to bi BSS th nhng header lp trn c to bi MS. Nhng header ny c truyn xuyn qua BSS. Gii hn ca GPRS, header dch v mng (layer 2) cha header ca giao thc chuyn mch (FR Frame Relay: l mt dng pht d liu packet m giao din Gb s dng gia PCU v SGSN) cng thm thng tin v kt ni o dch v mng socalled. Quyt nh chuyn mch ch da trn header FR. Khi giao thc lp 1 lung E1, n c th thit lp nhiu thay i ca kt ni vt l gia PCU v SGSN.
Hnh 2.3: Nhng lp ca giao din Gb 2.3.2 Giao din Gr gia SGSN v HLR Giao din ny c dng trao i d liu lin quan ti nh v MS v ti qun l thu bao. Dch v chnh l dch chuyn d liu gi. SGSN cho HLR bit v tr ca MS. HLR gi ti SGSN tt c d liu cn h tr dch v ti thu bao di ng
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2.3.3 Giao din Gn v Gp gia SGSN v GGSN Nhng giao din ny h tr tnh di ng gia SGSN v GGSN. Giao din Gn c dng khi GGSN v SGSN cng trong mt PLMN. Giao din Gp c dng nu GGSN v SGSN trong nhng PLMN khc nhau. Giao din Gn/Gp c mt b phn m cho php SGSNs thng tin ti thu bao v d liu ngi dng, khi thay i SGSN Kt ni trong mng SGSN v GGSN c nh ngha cho ti lp 3. Mng pht d liu ngi dng khung GTP ( GPRS Tunnelling Protocol), khung ny c gi tip thnh UDP v IP. IP gip nh tuyn xuyn qua mng Gn t pht khung GTP gia mt SGSN v mt GGSN. DNS cng s dng giao din ny Giao din Gp l giao din da vo IP gia SGSN bn trong v GGSNs bn ngoi. Gia SGSN v GGSN bn ngoi, c Border Gateway (ging nh mt firewall). Cng s dng giao thc GTP 2.3.4 Giao din Gc l ng bo hiu gia GGSN v HLR GGSN s dng ng bo hiu khng bt buc ny (Gc) ly thng tin nh v (v tr) v h tr nhiu dch v cho thu bao di ng, c th kch hot a ch mng d liu. 2.3.5 Giao din Gf gia SGSN v EIR Gia SGSN v EIR l giao din Gf chc nng l trao i d liu, mc ch l xc minh trng thi ca IMEI nhn c t MS. 2.3.6 Giao din Gs gia MSC/VLR v SGSN Giao thc ny cho php paging v s sn sng ca trm khi thc hin truyn d liu. Khi trm attach ti mng GPRS, SGSN theo di vng nh tuyn (RA) m trm attach. Mt RA l mt phn LA. Khi trm (station) c nh s th thng tin ny l ti nguyn mng. Khi trm thc hin PDP context, SGSN c BTS ang c s dng bi trm (station)
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2.4 Giao thc GPRS
Hnh 2.4: Giao thc ca GPRS
Chng 3
Cng ngh GSM/EDGE
3.1 S khc nhau v k thut gia GPRS v EDGE K thut EDGE EDGE Enchanced Data rates for GSM Evolution hoc Enhanced GPRS EGPRS : l k thut in thoi s cho php tng tc truyn data v truyn data tin cy hn. c phn loi nh chun 2,75G khng chnh thc, v tc mng chm hn EDGE c gii thiu cho mng GSM trn khp th gii t nm 2003, bt u Bc M. GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) EDGE l gii php tng tc d liu trn ng v tuyn GSM. EDGE ch gii thiu mt k thut iu ch mi v m ho knh mi m c th pht c 2 thoi chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh v dch v d liu. Do , EDGE l thm vo GPRS v khng th lm vic mt mnh. GPRS v EDGE c giao thc khc nhau v cch hot ng khc nhau trn BSS. Tuy nhin trn mng li, GPRS v EGPRS cng chia s nhng giao thc x l gi v cch thc
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EDGE khng yu cu nhng thay i phn cng hoc phn mm trong mng li GSM. Nhng n v thu pht tng thch vi EDGE phi c ci t (installed) v BSS cn phi c nng cp h tr EDGE. Phn cng u cui di ng mi v phn mm yu cu phi gii m/m ho (decode/encode) iu ch mi v phi hp m v mang tc d data user cao hn trin khai dch v mi
Hnh 3.1: EGPRS gii thiu nhng thay i trn BSS trong mng GPRS
Bng 3.1: GPRS v EDGE: So snh thng tin k thut (8PSK, 8-phase shift keying; GMSK, Gaussian minimum shift keying; MSC, Modulation coding scheme) EDGE c th pht nhiu bit gp 3 ln GPRS trong mt chu k. y l l do chnh cho tc bit EDGE cao hn. ITU nh ngha 384kbps l gii hn tc d liu cho dch v thc hin chun IMT-2000 trong mi trng khng l tng. 384kbps tng ng vi 48kbps trn mi khe thi gian, gi s mt u cui c 8 khe thi gian. K thut iu ch GMSK Gaussian minimum shift keying l mt loi iu ch pha. K thut ny tng ng l biu I/Q trong I l thc v Q l o, mi ln pht i bit 1 hoc 0 l pha thay i vi lng gia s + _ p, mi k t pht i tng ng l mt bit, mi ln dch pha miu t mt bit
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tng tc bit cao hn th phng php iu ch phi thay i. EDGE tn dng cu trc knh, b rng knh, m ho knh v nhng c cu ang tn ti v tnh nng hot ng ca GPRS v HSCSD. Chun iu ch s dng trong EDGE l 8PSK (8-Phase Shift Keying)
Hnh 3.2: Biu I/Q ch ra nhng ch li iu ch ca EDGE Coding and Speed modulation Modulation (kbit/s/slot) scheme (MCS) MCS-1 MCS-2 MCS-3 MCS-4 MCS-5 MCS-6 MCS-7 MCS-8 MCS-9 8.80 11.2 14.8 17.6 22.4 29.6 44.8 54.4 59.2 GMSK GMSK GMSK GMSK 8-PSK 8-PSK 8-PSK 8-PSK 8-PSK
Bng 3.2: tc v iu ch ca MCS-1 ti MCS-9 Phng php iu ch 8PSK l phng php tuyn tnh, mt k t nh x ti 3 bit lin nhau trong I/Q plane. Do , tc d liu tng tng ln gp 3 ln.
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Khong cch gia nhng k t khc nhau trong 8PSK ngn hn so vi GMSK. Khong cch ngn lm tng ri ro cho vic phn bit nhng k t trong my thu, khi iu kin thi tit xu. Tuy nhin, nhng bit thm vo c dng cng vo m hiu chnh li, thng tin hiu chnh c th c ly li. Ch di iu kin mi trng xu GMSK c hiu qu hn. Do , EDGE coding scheme s dng c GMSK v 8PSK Thch nghi lin kt Thch nghi lin kt s dng cht lng lin kt v tuyn, o bi MS trn ng truyn downlink hoc bi BTS trn ng truyn uplink, chn MCS ph hp nht cho vic pht nhng gi k tip. 3.2 Chun ho Hon thnh chun EDGE: Chun EDGE c th c chia lm 3 vng Chun ho nhng thay i lp vt l (nh ngha iu ch v CS) Nhng thay i giao thc cho ECSD EGPRS chun EDGE v nhng tham kho BSS ca EDGE cung cp platform thc hin k thut iu ch mi, trong khi NSS ca EDGE nh ngha nhng thay i mng tho mn lp vt l. EDGE cung cp 2 phase: Phase 1: Nhng dch v chuyn mch gi n khe v a khe v nhng dch v chuyn mch knh n khe v a khe Phase 2: Nhng dch v thi gian thc thc hin k thut iu ch mi m khng b gp trong phase 1 Phase 1 c hon thnh R99 ca 3GPP Phase 2 vn ang c tip tc bi chun 3GPP, v phm vi ca n c m rng trong WCDMA v cung cp IMS
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Hnh 3.3: Giao thc ca EDGE 3.3 Tng lai ca GSM/EDGE l hng ti WCDMA Bc pht trin tip theo cho h thng t bo GSM/EDGE, gm nhiu ci tin v dch v trong min chuyn mch gi v tng lin kt cung cp dch v trong UMTS/UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network). Da vo k thut pht tc cao GSM/EDGE kt hp vi nhng nng cao ti giao din lin kt v tuyn GPRS, GERAN s cung cp nhiu h tr tin tin cho tt c cht lng ca nhiu lp dch v cho UMTS: interactive, background, streaming and conversational. Do , phm vi mi ca nhng ng dng, nhng ng dng a phng tin IP, s c h tr y . 3. 4 Li ch ca EGPRS EGPRS gii thiu k thut iu ch mi, cng vi nhng ci tin v giao thc v tuyn, m cho php cc nh khai thc s dng ph tn ang tn ti (800, 900, 1800 v 1900MHz) hiu qu hn. Nhng ci tin n gin v giao thc ang tn ti ca GSM/GPRS lm cho EDGE chi ph hiu qu, d trin khai add-on, nng cp phn mm mi trong BSS cho php s dng nhng giao thc mi; nhng n v thu pht mi trong BTS cho php s dng k thut iu ch mi. EDGE gp 3 ln dung lng ca GPRS. S tng dung lng ny ci thin vic thc thi nhng ng dng ang tn ti v cho php nhng dch v mi nh dch v a phng tin
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Vi EDGE, nh khai thc c th trin khai nhng ng dng data khng dy, gm a phng tin khng dy, e-mail, thng tin web v dch v nh v, cho nhng ngi tiu dng v thng mi. Nhng thu bao c th duyt internet trn in thoi di ng ca h, tr gip k thut s c nhn hoc laptop tc ging vi my tnh bn.
Hnh 3.4: Hi t nhiu chun khc nhau v EDGE ECSD : Dch v HSCSD (high-speed circuit switched data) truyn data ch chuyn mch knh trn vi khe thi gian c gi l ECSD (Enhanced circuitswitched data). H tr tc GSM hin ti (2,4kbps, 4,8kbps, 9,6kbps v 14,4kbps) , CSs mi kt hp vi iu ch mi, cho php tc data :28,8kbps, 32kbps v 43,2kbps trn mi khe thi gian. V vy, ECSD h tr di ng a khe trn 4 khe thi gian c th t ti tc 172,8kbps, ECSD s dng s thch ng lin kt ng adapt ht kh nng ti nhng iu kin v tuyn EDGE classic l s pht trin t GPRS ln EDGE cn c gi l EGPRS. EGPRS da vo kin trc mng GPRS, tc ln ti 475kbps cho my thu h tr Rx trn 8 khe thi gian. EDGE compact l s pht trin IS-136 U.S, bng tn s ging nh D-AMPS 800MHz
Chng 4 Cng ngh UMTS Release 99

4.1 Tng quan v UMTS (l 3G) CDMA c dng trong mng IMT-2000 3G l WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) v cdma2000. - WCDMA l i th ca cdma2000 v l mt trong 2 chun 3G, tri ph rng hn i vi CDMA do c th pht v nhn thng tin nhanh hn v hiu qu hn. - Chu u, mng 3G WCDMA c bit nh l UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephony System) l mt ci tn khc cho W-CDMA/dch v 3G.
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UMTS s dng WCDMA, WCDMA nh chun pht v tuyn. N c bng thng knh l 5 MHz, c th mang 100 cuc gi cng mt lc, hoc n c th mang d liu ti 2 Mbps. Tuy nhin, vi s tng cng HSDPA v HSUPA chnh l trong nhng release sau ny (R99/R4/R5/R6) ca chun, tc pht d liu tng ti 14,4 Mbps
Hnh 4.1: Vng ph sng ca UMTS UMTS cho php c 2 ch FDD v TDD. Ch u tin l FDD l uplink v downlink trn cc tn s khc nhau. Khng gian gia chng l 190MHz cho mng band 1. TDD uplink v downlink c chia theo thi gian vi nhng trm c s (base station) v sau di ng pht ln lt trn cng tn s, c bit ph hp ti nhiu loi ng dng khc nhau. N cng thc hin nhng cell nh. Thi gian bo v c yu cu gia pht v thu. H thng TDD c th hiu qu khi s dng trong picocell mang d liu internet. Tn s: hin ti c 6 bng s dng cho UMTS/WCDMA, tp trung vo UMTS tn s cp pht trong 2 bng Uplink (1885 2025)MHz v Downlink (2110 2200) MHz. Bn trong nhng bng ny nhiu s phn chia c d tr cho nhng ng dng khc. - (1920 1980) v (2110 2170)MHz FDD (FDD, WCDMA) ghp thnh cp uplink v downlink, bng thng l 5MHz v vch qut l 200kHz, mt nh khai thc cn 3-4 knh (2 x 15MHz hoc 2 x 20MHz) c th xy dng mng tc cao, dung lng cao
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(1900-1920) v (2010 2025) MHz TDD (TDD, TD/CDMA) khng c ghp thnh cp, bng thng l 5MHz v vch qut(raster) l 200kHz. Vic pht v thu khng b tch bit trong tn s - (1980-2010) v (2170-2200) MHz Satellite uplink v downlink. Tn s c thit k bi UARFCN, UARFCN = 5 x (frequency in MHz) UMTS s dng WCDMA nh mt c cu vn chuyn v tuyn. iu ch trn ng uplink v downlink l khc nhau. Downlink s dng dch kha pha cu phng (QPSK) cho tt c nhng knh vn chuyn. Tuy nhin, Uplink s dng 2 knh ring bit thc hin quay vng ca b pht trng thi on v off khng gy ra nhiu trn ng audio, nhng knh i ( dual channel phase chifl keying) dng m ha d liu ngi dng ti I hoc u vo In-phase ti b iu ch DQPSK, v iu khin d liu c m ha bng vic s dng m khc nhau ti u vo Q hoc quadrature ti b iu ch. - cdma2000, chun 3G khc. N l mt s nng cp cdmaOne. N s dng tri ph rng do c th pht v thu thng tin nhanh hn v hiu qu hn, pht d liu internet nhanh, video, v pht nhc cht lng CD. Tuy nhin, c nhiu phn t cdma2000 c gi l cdma20001X, 1X-EV-DV, 1X EV-DO, v cdma2000 3X. Chng pht dch v 3G khi chim d mt ph tn nh (1,25 MHz mi sng mang) u im ca cng ngh W-CDMA so vi GSM: - Tiu chun thng nht ton cu cho cc loi hnh thng tin v tuyn. - C kh nng truyn ti a phng tin. - Thc hin truyn ti dch v hnh nh tc thp cho n tc cao nht l 2Mbps. - Tnh bo mt ca cuc thoi v mc hiu qu khai thc bng tn cao hn. - C kh nng chuyn mch mm, tch hp c vi mng NGN. - Cht lng thoi c nng ln v dung lng mng tng ln 4-5 ln so vi GSM. - CDMA c c ch gip tit kim nng lng, gip tng thi gian thoi ca pin. - Kh nng m rng dung lng ca CDMA d dng v chi ph thp hn so vi GSM. Cc phng thc truyn tin song cng gia MS v BS Truyn sng phn chia theo thi gian (TDD Frequency Division Duplex)
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Phng thc TDD s dng cng mt knh tn s mang thng tin theo hai hng ti cc khe thi gian lun phin. Truyn song cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD Frequency Division Duplex)
Hng xung: Downlink Hng thun: Forward channel Hng ln: Uplink Hng ln: Reverse Channel Phng thc FDD s dng knh tn s hai bng tn khc nhau mang thng tin theo hai hng 4.2 Nhng phn t mi trong R99
Hnh 4.2: Nhng phn t mi cho mng UMTS C s h tng GPRS c dng pht dch v SMS v WAP ti c 2 ngi dng GSM v UMTS, GPRS l ci cu gia 2G v 3G
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Mt phn ca mng GSM/GPRS vn c s dng, nhng mt s thnh phn mi phi c trin khai cho UMST.s Thit b user (UE): c th h tr mt hoc nhiu chun v tuyn v cha USIM. N ng thi l bn sao ti Node B, RNC v CN Ging nh Node B, UE x l tn hiu v tuyn. Nhim v tnh ton chuyn su gm sa li, tri ph v iu ch tn hiu tip tc l khuych i nng lng. Ging vi RNC, MS tham gia vo bo hiu cho vic thit lp kt ni v gii phng cn thm thc hin chuyn giao. thc hin c mc ch ny, n o cng mi trng nhn c t nhng cell hng xm v pht gi tr o c ti RNC. Vic mt m v gii mt m thng tin cng xy ra vi RNC trong UE. RNC ( Radio Network Controller) l mt thit b mng trong PLMN vi chc nng iu khin mt vi Node B. RNC ging nh BSC v m ng chc nng qun l ti nguyn trong tt c cell gn ti n( cp pht knh, handover, iu khin nng lng). Mt s lng ln giao thc gia UE v RAN c trin khai trong RNC.
Hnh 4.3: Kin trc phn truy nhp Chc nng chnh ca RNC l qun l knh v tuyn (trn Uu-, hoc air-, interface) v knh terrestrial ( hng v MGW v SGSN). Chc nng qun l ti nguyn v tuyn gm. - iu khin tha nhn cuc gi: K thut pht CDMA cung cp mt s lng ln knh giao din v tuyn. RNC phi tnh ton ti lu lng hin ti trong mi cell ring bit. Thng tin c bn, CAC (Call Admission Control) xc nh
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mc nhiu sau khi knh yu cu ang s dng l chp nhn, nu cn thit, loi b knh Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn. RNC qu l ti nguyn v tuyn trong tt c nhng cell c gn trong n. Thm vo l lp k hoch s dng knh, cng vic gm tnh ton nhiu v mc tn dng v iu khin u tin Thit lp v gii phng radio bearer: Radio bearer l knh d liu ngi dng trong tng truy cp trn phn lp RLC. RNC chu trch nhip thit lp, duy tr v gii phng bearer theo yu cu Cp pht m: M CDMA trong UMTS c qun l bi cy m. RNC cp pht mt phn m trong cy m ti MS v c th thay i cp pht trong xut tin trnh kt ni iu khin nng lng: Hot ng hiu qu ca mng CDMA l nng lng pht ca tt c user b iu khin. Quy trnh iu khin nhanh thc t c t trong Node B nhng gi tr iu khin ch c n nh RNC. Da vo gi tr nhiu o c, thng tin t cc cell khc v trong mt vi trng hp th da vo RNC boundaries Lch trnh gi: Bng cch pht d liu chuyn mch gi, nhiu MS cng chia s ti nguyn giao din v tuyn. RNC c chc nng cp pht dung lng pht ti nhiu trm ring bit. Handover: Da vo gi tr o lng t Node B v UE, RNC pht hin cell khc tt hn ph hp cho kt ni hin ti. RNC quyt nh n handover, chu trch nhim bo hiu vi cell mi v thng tin cho MS knh mi. Xy dng li SRNS: C th MS s di chuyn ra ngoi vng qun l bi RNC. Trong trng hp ny, RNC khc phi tha nhn iu khin kt ni Vit li mt m: D liu ti t mng c nh pht trn giao din v tuyn phi c vit li mt m trong RNC. Chuyn i giao thc: RNC phi x l thng tin gia CN, RNC hng xm v Node B c kt ni. Chuyn mch ATM: ng thng tin gia nhng Node B v RNC, gia nhng RNC v gia RNC v CN l da vo nh tuyn ATM. RNC c th phi chuyn mch v kt ni ti kt ni ATM cho php thng tin gia nhng node khc nhau.
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O & M: Tm tt ny cha ng nhng chc nng hnh chnh phc tp trong qun l mng. D liu c sn phi c pht trn giao din c nh ngha ti OMC (Operation and Maintenance Centre) Node B: Tng ng vi BTS. Nhim v kt ni trc tip giao din v tuyn c x l BTS. u vo n t RNC. Node B c th qun l mt hoc mt vi cell, Node B gm mt b thu CDMA chuyn i tn hiu v tuyn thnh dng d liu v sau hng n ti RNC trn giao din Iub. Trong hng ngc li, b pht CDMA chun b d liu u vo cho vn chuyn trn giao din v tuyn v nh tuyn n ti b khuych i nng lng. C 3 loi Node B tng ng vi 2 ch UTRA: UTRA-FDD Node B, UTRA-TDD Node B v Dual-mode Node B Hin nay, Node B lin kt ti RNC l qua lin kt ATM. Khong cch ln c th gia Node B v RNC v khong thi gian x l, nhim v thi gian then cht khng c cha trong RNC: iu ny bao gm iu iu khin nng lng vng lp trong (ILPC Inner Loop Power Control) trong mng CDMA tt c ngi dng cng nhn mt cng tn hiu. RNC phi c mt bc tranh chnh xc tnh hung hin ti c th trong cell a ra quyt inh handover, iu khin nng lng v iu khin tha nhn cuc gi. V vy, MS v Node B thc hin o cht lng kt ni v mc nhiu v pht kt qu ti RNC. Trong trng hp c bit ca chuyn giao mm, tch hoc kt hp nhng chui d liu ca nhiu sector khc nhau cng c x l trong Node B 4.3 Giao din mi trong R99 4.3.1 Giao din Iu gia UTRAN CN Iu l giao din m chia h thng thnh UTRAN v CN, x l chuyn mch, nh tuyn v iu khin dch v. Iu c 3 trng hp khc nhau: Iu CS l kt ni UTRAN ti CS CN; Iu PS l kt ni UTRAN ti PS CN; Iu Broadcast (Iu BC) c dng h tr dch v qung b cell 4.3.2 Giao din Iu CS
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Hnh 4.4: Cu trc giao thc Iu CS Lp vt l l giao din vi mi trng vt l: Cp quang, lin kt v tuyn hoc cp ng. Trin khai lp vt l c th c chn t nhiu k thut pht chun nh SONET, STM1, hoc E1 Cm giao thc Control Plane gm RANAP, nh ca giao thc SS7 bng rng. Lp ph hp l:SCCP, MTP3-B v lp thch hp bo hiu ATM (SAAL) cho giao din mng - mng (SAAL-NNI gm SSCF, SSCOP, AAL5). Lp SSCF v SSCOP c thit k vn chuyn bo hiu trong mng ATM, qun l kt ni bo hiu. AAL5 gip phn on d liu ti nhng cell ATM Cm giao thc Transport Network Control Plane bao gm giao thc bo hiu thit lp kt ni AAL2 (Q.2630.1 v lp thch hp Q.2150.1), trn cng l giao thc SS7 bng rng Cm User Plane: Kt ni AAL2 c dnh cho mi dch v CS ring.
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4.3.3 Giao din Iu PS
Hnh 4.5: Cu trc giao thc Iu PS Cm Control Plane gm RANAP, v vt mang bo hiu SS7, vt mang bo hiu IP (gm M3UA (c SS7), SCTP, IP, v AAL5). SCTP c chc nng vn chuyn bo hiu trong internet. Transport Network Control Plane khng hiu qu vi Iu PS, vic a ra tunnel GTP ch cn mt b nhn dng tunnel v a ch IP cho c 2 hng, v chng c gp vo bn tin phn nh RANAP RAB. Iu CS cng s dng nhng thnh phn tin tc ny nh a ch v nhn dng bo hiu AAL2 c dng cho d liu user plane. User Plane, nhiu dng d liu gi c ghp trn mt hoc mt vi kt ni o AAL5. Phn User Plane ca giao thc tunnelling GPRS l cung cp nhiu nhn dng cho lung d liu gi ring. Mi lung s dng vn chuyn khng kt ni UDP v a ch IP 4.3.4 Giao din Iu BC Giao din ny kt ni RNC vi min qung b ca CN, c tn l trung tm qung b cell. c dng nh ngha thng tin qung b cell c pht ti ngi dng di ng qua dch v qung b cell
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Service Area Broadcast Protocol (SABP) cung cp sc cha cho trung tm qung b cell trong CN nh ngha, sa i v xo bn tin qung b cell t RNC. SABP c nhng chc nng sau: X l bn tin: qung b bn tin mi, ci to nhng bn tin qung b ang tn ti v dng qung b bn tin c th X l ti: Xc nh ti ca knh qung b bt k mt im c th trong thi gian cui cng Reset: Cho php trung tm qung b cell kt thc qung b trong m hoc nhiu vng dch v hn 4.3.5 Giao din Iur gia RNC RNC
Hnh 4.6: Nhm giao thc ca giao din Iur. C 2 s chn la cho vn chuyn bo hiu RNSAP: Nhm SS7 (SCCP v MTP3-B) v vn chuyn SCTP/IP. 2 giao thc User plane (DCH: dedicatedd channel; CCH: Common channel) Giao din ny c thit k h tr chuyn giao mm trong inter-RNC, nhiu c im c thm vo trong xut qu trnh pht chun, hin ti, giao din Iur cung cp nhng chc nng ring bit l: 1. H tr s di ng inter-RNC c s 2. H tr lu lng knh chuyn dng (dedicated) 3. H tr lu lng knh chung (common) 4. H tr qun l ton b ti nguyn.
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V l do trn, giao thc bo hiu Iur (RNSAP) c chia thnh 4 module. Ni chung, n ch c th trin khai mt trong 4 module gia 2 RNC, tu theo s cn thit ca nh vn hnh. Iur1: H tr tnh lu ng inter-RNC c s. Chc nng ny yu cu module c bn ca bo hiu RNSAP. Vin gch u tin ny dnh cho vic xy dng giao din Iur chc nng cn thit cho s di ng ca user gia 2 RNC, nhng khng h tr vic trao i lu lng d liu user. Nhng chc nng a ra bi module c s gm: H tr xy dng li SRNC H tr cell bn trong RNC v update vng ng k UTRAN H tr nh s gi trong RNC Thng bo li giao thc Iur2: H tr lu lng knh chuyn dng Chc nng ny yu cu module knh chuyn dng ca bo hiu RNSAP v cho php lu lng knh chuyn dng v knh chia s gia 2 RNCs. u tin l h tr trng thi chuyn giao mm inter-RNC, cho php vic mc ni ca SRNC. Giao thc khung cho knh chuyn dng, trong DCH FP ngn, nh ngha cu trc khung d liu l mang d liu ngi dng v khung iu khin dng trao i thng tin o lng v iu khin. V th, giao thc ny cng nh r nhng bn tin n v nhng th tc. Khung d liu ngi dng c nh tuyn xuyn qua DRNC. Nhng chc nng c a ra bi module Iur DCH l: Thit lp, sa i v gii phng knh chuyn dng v chia s trong DRNC v nhng chuyn giao trong trng thi knh chuyn dng Thit lp v gii phng nhng kt ni vn chuyn chuyn dng ngang qua giao din Iur Dch chuyn nhng khi vn chuyn DCH gia SRNC v DRNC Qun l lin kt v tuyn trong DRNS, qua th tc thng bo o lng chuyn dng, th tc iu chnh nng lng v th tc iu khin ch nn Iur 3: H tr lu lng knh chung. Chc nng ny cho php x l chui d liu knh chung (v d. RACH, FACH v CPCH) ngang qua giao din Iur. N yu cu module knh vn chuyn chung ca giao thc RNSAP v giao thc khung knh vn chuyn chung (CCH FP).
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Chc nng ca module knh vn chuyn chung l: Thit lp v gii phng kt ni vn chuyn ngang qua Iur i vi dng data knh chung S phn chia lp MAC gia SRNC (MAC-d) v DRNC (MAC-c). Vic lp chng trnh i vi pht data hng downlink c thc hin DRNC iu khin lung gia MAC-d v MAC-c Iur 4: H tr qun l ton b ti nguyn. Chc nng ny cung cp bo hiu h tr qun l ti nguyn v tuyn c tng ln v c im O&M ngang qua giao din Iur. Chc nng ca module qun l ton b ti nguyn Iur l: Dch chuyn thng tin cell v o lng gia 2 RNC Dch chuyn nhng tham s nh v gia b iu khin Dch chuyn thng tin ng b ho gia 2 RNC 4.3.6 Giao din Iub gia RNC Node B
Hnh 4.7: Ging giao thc giao din Iur, khc bit chnh l trong mng v tuyn v Plane iu khin mng vn chuyn, bo hiu SS7 c t SAAL-UNI. S chn la SCTP/IP khng c trnh by y. Cu trc ca giao din, cn thit phi gii thiu m hnh logic ca Node B. N bao gm cng iu khin chung (lin kt bo hiu chung) v nhng im cui lu lng, mi ci b iu khin bi cng iu khin chuyn dng (lin kt bo hiu
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chuyn dng). Mt im cui lu lng iu khin mt s my di ng c nhng ti nguyn chuyn dng trong Node B, v lu lng tng ng c ch xuyn qua cng d liu chuyn dng. Nhng cng d liu chung bn ngoi nhng im cui lu lng, c s dng ch RACH, FACH v lu lng PCH.
Hnh 4.8: M hnh logic ca Node B i vi FDD Ch : mt im cui lu lng c th iu khin nhiu hn mt cell, v mt cell c th b iu khin nhiu hn mt im cui lu lng. Bo hiu giao din Iub (NBAP) c chia thnh 2 thnh phn: NBAP chung (CNBAP), ci ny nh ngha th tc bo hiu ngang qua lin kt bo hiu chung, v NBAP chuyn dng (D-NBAP), c dng trong lin kt bo hiu chuyn dng Nhm giao thc User Plane nh ngha cu trc nhng khung v th tc iu khin trong bng cho mi loi knh vn chuyn. Bo hiu Q.2630.1 c dng cho qun l ng kt ni AAL2 trong User Plane.
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5.1 Gii thiu Trong Release 99 UMTS,nh vi GPRS/GSM, mng li chia lm 2 phn: Mng chuyn mch knh ( tt c MSC/VLR v GMSC) Mng chuyn mch gi (tt c SGSN/SLR v GGSN) Do , nh khai thc mng phi install, cu hnh v bo tr 2 mng ny. tng ca R4 UMTS l ho hp 2 mng thnh mt phn t n. thnh cng ta cn c 3 s chn la 1) vn chuyn trn mng chuyn mch knh. Trong mng GSM, vic phn cp ti nguyn cng nhc dn n mng ny khng ph hp cho nhng ng dng vn chuyn data 2) vn chuyn trn mng ATM. V mt l thuyt th n l gii php d nht, v ATM ph hp cho vn chuyn nhng ng dng thi gian thc v khng, 3) vn chuyn trn mng chuyn mch gi, mng IP. l gii php c ngh bi R4. V th, VoIP phi c trin khai cho php vn chuyn lu lng thoi c ng gi (packetized)
Hnh 5.1:
Khi nim mng n i vi R4 UMTS
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Hnh 5.2: Nhng phn t mi cho mng UMTS R4 chuyn i bo hiu SS7 gia cc mng cn thm 2 gateway Cng bo hiu vn chuyn T-SGW: Cng ny thng chuyn i bo hiu lin quan ti call ( nh thit lp v hu call) gia PSTN (SS7) hoc PLMN pre-R4 v mng R4 Cng bo hiu roaming R-SGW: Cng ny thc hin vic chuyn i bo hiu (cho roaming, qun l di ng) gia bo hiu c bn SS7 ca mng pre4 v bo hiu c bn IP ca mng R4 5.2 Kin trc chuyn mch mm R4 Kin trc chuyn mch mm l s phn bit chc nng chuyn mch v iu khin cuc gi. Thnh phn iu khin cuc gi l MSC server, trong trng hp ny l chuyn mch mm. Vic phn bit nhng chc nng ny khin cho MSC server chia t l mng d dng hn, v d nh yu cu lu lng tng ln. Nu nh trin khai mng yu cu dung lng chuyn mch nhiu hn, ch cn thm MGW; nu h yu cu dung lng iu khin cuc gi nhiu hn, ch cn thm MSC server. i vi R4, chc nng MSC ca GSM c chia ra thnh 2 thnh phn; MSC server v MGW
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5.2.1 MSC server MSC server thc hin nhng chc nng nh iu khin cuc gi (thit lp v hu cuc gi), v qun l di ng v mt duy tr ni ng k trong vng iu khin ca n. MSC server tch hp vi VLR, v n lm d thng tin v tr cng nh d liu CAMEL i vi thu bao. Nhng chc nng ca MSC server gm: iu chnh vic ng k nhiu di ng cung ng cho vic qun l di ng Cung cp nhng chc nng xc nhn nh tuyn cuc gi gc ti ch nh tuyn cuc gi ch bng vic dng k thut nh s ti nhng di ng ring bit MSC server hon thnh vic bo hiu t mng di ng trn giao din Iu ti b iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC). N cng iu khin vic thit lp nhng vt mang qua mng li ca n bng vic dng MGW Vic chn la trin khai kt ni cn c mi quan h nhiu - nhiu (m:n) gia MSC server v MGW, chnh iu ny cho php cp pht hiu qu ti nguyn ngi dng v MSC server c th cn bng ti gia nhiu MGW. Ngoi ra, nhng giao thc chun ho cng c s dng: Q.BICC hoc SIP-T ( cho bo hiu trong MSC); H.248/MeGaCo ( cho bo hiu MSC server ti MGW) 5.2.2 Media gateway (MGW) MGW bin dch lu lng phng tin gia nhng loi mng khc nhau. Chc nng ca MGW gm: Chm dt nhng knh mang t mng chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi Xo echo cho mch chuyn mch knh Bin dch phng tin t mt dng CODEC ti mt dng khc, v d nh t G.711 ti G.729 H tr chn la chc nng cu truyn hnh Mi MGW c iu khin bi mt hoc mt vi MSC server 5.2.3 Gateway MSC server (GMSC server) GMSC server ging vi GMSC trong GSM v chc nng iu khin cuc gi. N lm vic trong s kt hp vi HLR cho php: Nhng cuc gi t bn ngoi mng ca nh khai thc c nh tuyn ti MSC server tng ng
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Nhng cuc gi bn trong mng ca nh khai thc c nh hng vo mng PSTN GMSC server s dng nhng dch v ca MGW iu khin vic thit lp nhng knh mang truyn qua mng li CS v kt thc knh mang chuyn mch knh.
PSTN ISUP PoI A TDM A Iu MSC-S A Mc MGW A Nc MSC-S B Mc MGW B ISUP A Iu TDM PoI B PSTN
BSC A
Ater
TRAU TransCoder A
Nb Iu TransCoder A TransCoder B Iu
TRAU TransCoder B
Ater
BSC B
RNC A
RNC B
Call Control Signalling PoI: Point of Interconnect
Ater Interface Iu and Nb Interface
A and TDM Interface: 64kb/s
Hnh 5.3: Kin trc mng BICC vi giao din A v Iu 5.3 Nhng giao din mi trong R4 C th trin khai giao din Nb trn mng ATM.Giao din Mc da vo MEGACO. Giao thc ny nh a ch mi quan h gia MGW( chuyn i voice chuyn mch knh ti lu lng gi c bn) v MSC server (ra lnh logic dch v ca lu lng ) 5.3.1 Giao din Mc: (G)MSC server ti CS-MGW N h tr vic phn ly nhng phn t iu khin cuc gi khi nhng phn t iu khin vt mang, v phn ly nhng phn t iu khin vt mang khi nhng phn t vn chuyn. N s dng giao thc Megaco H.248/IETF N c nhng c tnh sau:
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Vic x l kt ni mm do cho php h tr nhiu ch gi khc nhau v ch x l nhiu phng tin khc nhau m khng b gii hn khi s dng H.323 Kin trc m l ni m vic nh ngha s m rng/ng gi tip tc lm vic, giao din ny c th thc thi Phn b linh ng ti nguyn vt l MGW. MGW vt l c th c chia thnh nhiu MGW ring o, gm mt tp nhng im kt thc c cp pht tnh S phn b linh ng ti nguyn pht gia nhng min (domains), nh MGW iu khin nhiu vt mang v qun l ti nguyn tu theo giao thc H.248 5.3.2 Giao din Nc gia MSC server v MSC server Giao din ny mang bo hiu gia 2 MSC server. Chnh iu ny cho php MSC server x l cuc gi n t MGW, bo hiu nhng yu cu ca cuc ti MSC server khc m iu khin cuc gi i ra MGW. Giao thc m x l chc nng bo hiu ny l BICC. BICC cung cp nhiu dch v tng ng ti giao thc iu khin cuc gi ISDN (ISUP) 5.3.3 Giao din Nb gia 2 MGW
Hnh 5.4: user plane cho UMTS R4 Nb gia nhng MGW th mang d liu ngi dng. Giao thc c dng vn chuyn d liu l giao thc user plane (UP). Trong ch h tr, n cho php iu khin chnh xc thi gian lung phng tin gia nhng MGW v t MGW ti UTRAN (RNC). C 2 s chn la giao thc transport sn c trn Nb, l IP v ATM. Trng hp chn IP, lu lng ngi dng s c mang dng gi RTP, ci ny c pht trn UDP/IP. Chn ATM, lu lng transport l AAL2 khi n trong UTRAN.
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6.1 UMTS Realease 5: Gii thiu IMS UMTS R5 a mng li tin 1 bc xa hn v nh ngha mt kit trc cho mng ton IP t u cui - u cui. MSC v giao din IuCS khng c yu cu trong mng R5. Thit b user thng tin vi IMS l qua SGSN v GGSN. Li ca IMS gm c mt s node l CSCF. CSCF v c bn l kin trc SIP, SIP l mt trong nhng giao thc li cho dch v k thu VoIP IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem ) c thit k bi chun khng dy, vic m rng ny c cp nht bi 3GPP, 3GPP2 v TISPAN nhm h tr nhng mng khc bit hn vi GPRS, nh WLAN, CDMA2000 v mng c nh. IMS khng mong i t chun ho nhng ng dng, nhng gip truy cp nhng ng dung a phng tin v voice bng u cui khng dy v c dy, tc l gip kiu hi t di ng c nh (FMC). iu ny c thc hin bi lp iu khin ngang cch li mng truy cp khi lp dch v. Ni dung trong Release 5 chia lm 4 phn: IMS; Ipv6, IP transport in UTRAN; Improvements in GERAN, MExE; HSDPA 6.1.1 Nhng phn t mi trong R5
Hnh 6.1: H thng ph a truy nhm ( IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) ) 6.1.1.1 CSCF Call Session Control Function CSCF chu trch nhim iu khin phin v l im iu khen cho nhng chc nng sau: Nhn thc ngi dng
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nh tuyn cuc gi Thit lp QoS trn mng IP Kim tra s pht sinh ca h s chi tit cuc gi (CDR) cho mc nh tnh chi ph Tt c nhng bo hiu iu khin call/session trong IMS c thc hin bi giao thc SIP. C 3 loi CSCF c nh ngha l: P-CSCF, S-CSCF v I-CSCF. Mi mng s cung cp nhiu CSCF i vi mi loi. Chnh iu ny cho php chia s ti v h tr tng tin cy xuyn sut vic s dng nhiu server d phng. Proxy CSCF (P-CSCF) y l im lin lc u tin cho bao hiu cuc gi n t UE. P-CSCF hng bo hiu cuc gi ti S-CSCF. i vi thu bao roaming, P-CSCF s c t trong mng ln cn, hoc c th hn i vi ngi dng n (given user) th PCSCF s c t trong cng mng. P-CSCF cng chu trch nhim kim tra s pht sinh ca CDR i vi nhng cuc gi di ng gc Serving CSCF (S-CSCF) S-CSCF thc thi iu khin call/session v tnh chi ph cho thu bao n (given subscriber). S-CSCF lun lun c t trong mng ni b ca thu bao. iu ny c ngha l tt c nhng bo hiu cuc gi di ng gc u c nh tuyn qua mng ni b ca ngi dng. Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF) I-CSCF c t ng bin gii ca IMS, v hot ng nh mt im i vo cho bo hiu SIP n t mng bn ngoi ca nh khai thc. Bo hiu ny c th l: Yu cu thit lp cuc gi SIP d nh ti thu bao thuc mng ca nh khai thc Yu cu thit lp cuc gi SIP d nh ti thu bao roaming trong mng ca nh khai thc Yu cu ng k, th I-CSCF chu trch nhim ch nh S-CSCF cho thu bao. S chn la S-CSCF c th c thc hin l ph thuc vo nhn dng ca thu bao (a ch SIP hoc IMSI), x l nhng nn tng chia s ti hoc s dng vic xp sp server chnh/ server d phng.
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6.1.1.2 MGCF v MGW MGCF l mt cng cho php thng tin gia nhng ngi dng IMS v CS. Tt c bo hiu iu khin cuc gi n t ngi dng CS c d nh ti MGCF, ni thc hin chuyn i giao thc gia ISUP (ISDN User Part), hoc BICC, v giao thc SIP v hng phin ti IMS. Trong cng kiu cch , tt c nhng phin IMS gc hng ngi dng CS i ngang qua MGCF. MGCF cng iu khin nhng knh phng tin vo trong thc th user-plane c kt hp, CIMS-MGW (IMS Media Gateway). Thm vo , MGCF c th thng bo thng tin thanh ton ti CCF. 6.1.1.3 HSS (Home Subscriber Server) HSS cha c s d liu chnh ca tt c thu bao trn mng v cha nhng thng tin sau: Thng tin nhn dng (s in thoi ca ngi dng, a ch SIP, IMSI) Thng tin bo mt ( Kho nhn thc bo mt) Thng tin v tr ( hin ti phc v cho GGSN, SRNC, a ch IP) Thng tin tiu s ngi dng N cng c chu trch nhim to ra thng tin bao mt nh yu cu cao hn v nhn thc v tnh ton vn v nhng kho mt m. HSS st nhp vi HLR/AuC, c nh ngha trong nhng Release trc v cung cp nhng dch cho 3 min, nh sau: Nhn thc, m t s lc dch v v thng tin v tr cho IMS ( dch v cho CSCF) Dch v HLR/AuC cho min chuyn mch gi ( dch v cho SGSN v GGSN) Dch v HLR/AuC cho min CS (dch v cho MSC server R4) 6.1.1.4 AS (Application Server) AS cung cp nhng dch v gia tng ti thu bao. N c th l bt k th g t khi nhn dch v phim nh (truyn hnh theo yu cu) cung cp nhng dch v thoi v hm th truyn hnh 6.1.1.5 BGCF (Breakout Gateway Control Function) BGCF chu trch nhim chn ni m s g (tho) ti min CS xy ra. Kt qu ca tin trnh chn la c th l trong cng mt mng (ni m BGCF ) hoc mng khc. nu s g xy ra trong cng mng, sau BGCF chn la MGCF x l mt phin. Nu s g t mng khc, sau BGCF hng phin ti BGCF khc trong mng c chn. Quy tc chn la thc t khng r rng. Thm
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vo , BGCF c th thng bo thng tin tnh ton ti CCF v tp hp thng tin thng k. 6.1.1.6 MRF (Multimedia Resource Function) MRF c to thnh t 2 thnh phn, b iu khin MRF v b x l MRF, v chu trch nhim cung cp nhng chc nng nh: Ho nhp nhiu phng tin thc hin hi ngh hnh nh/thoi (cu truyn hnh) Cung cp nhng thng bo a phng tin x l dng phng tin v d nh chuyn m audio Chc nng ca MRF c chia thnh MRFC v MRFP, Giao din gia 2 thnh phn b iu khin bi giao thc H.248/MEGACO. MRFC nhn bo hiu iu khin cuc gi qua giao thc SIP (v d nh thit lp cu truyn hnh gia mt s ng nghip) MRFC cn thit cho vic h tr nhng dch v knh mang lin quan, nh hi ngh, nhng thng bo ti ngi dng hoc chuyn m knh mang. MRFC gii thch bo hiu SIP nhn c qua S-CSCF v s dng nhng ch dn MEGACO (Media Gateway Control protocol) iu khin MRFP. MRFC c th gi thng tin thanh ton ti CCF v OCS. MRFP cung cp nhng ti nguyn user-plane m c yu cu v ch dn bi MRFC. MRFP thc hin nhng chc nng sau: Trn nhng lung phng tin n Ngun lung phng tin (i vi nhng thng bo a phng tin) X l lung phng tin (v d, chuyn m audio, phn tch phng tin) 6.1.1.7 SLF (Subscription Location Function) SLF c dng nh l mt c cu quyt nh cho php I-CSCF, S-CSCF v AS tm a ch HSS, ni cha d liu thu bao nhn dng ngi dng n khi nh khai thc mng trin khai nhiu a ch HSS 6.1.1.8 Cng bo hiu (SGW) SGW c dng ni lin nhng mng bo hiu khc nhau, nh mng bo hiu SCTP/IP v mng bo hiu SS7. SGW thc hin chuyn i bo hiu (bng 2 cch) mc vn chuyn gia SS7 v IP (gia Sigtran SCTP/IP v SS7 MTP). SGW khng phin dch nhng bn tin lp ng dng (v d, BICC, ISUP)
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6.1.1.9 Cng bo mt
Hnh 6.2: Chuyn i bo hiu trong SGW bo v lu lng control-plane gia nhng min bo mt, lu lng s i xuyn qua SEG trc khi vo hoc ri khi min bo mt. Min bo mt tham chiu ti mng b qun l bi quyn lc hnh chnh n. c trng, iu ny xy ra ng thi vi nhng ng bin nh khai thc. SEG c t ng bin ca min bo mt v n khin cho iu khon bo mt ca min bo mt hiu qu khi hng ti SEG khc trong min bo mt ch. Nh khai thc mng c th c nhiu hn mt SEG trong mng trnh xa mt li n hoc v nhng l do thc hin. 6.1.1.10 PDF (Policy Decision Function) PDF chu trch nhim to ra nhng quyt nh ng li l da vo phin v thng tin phng tin lin quan thu c t P-CSCF. N hnh ng nh mt im quyt nh ng li i vi s iu chnh SBLP. Sau y l chc nng ca n i vi SBLP l: Cha phin v thng tin phng tin lin quan (a ch IP, s cng, bng thng) Pht th cho php nhn ra PDF v phin Cung cp quyt nh cho php tuy theo phin c tch tr v thng tin phng tin lin quan da vo vic nhn yu cu nhn thc vt mang t GGSN Cp nht quyt nh nhn thc ti nhng sa i phin m lm thay i phin v thng tin phng tin lin quan Kh nng thu hi quyt nh nhn thc bt k thi im no Kh nng cho php s dng vn mng nhn thc (v d, giao thc gi, hoc PDP, context)
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Kh nng ngn vic s dng vt mang nhn thc (v d, PDP context trong khi duy tr nhn thc) bo cho P-CSCF khi vt mang b mt hoc gim bt. Du hiu sa i ch c a ra khi vt mang c nng cp hoc gim cp t hoc ti 0kbps cho qua b nhn dng IMS-charging ti GGSN v qua b nhn dng GPRS-charging ti P-CSCF
Hnh 6.3: Kin trc IMS 6.1.2 Nhng giao din trong kin trc IMS Cx l kt ni gia HSS v CSCF (I-CSCF v S-CSCF). Gio thc cho giao din Cx da vo DIAMETER. Giao thc s dng phng php query/response, t y nhng yu cu c gi ti c s d liu HSS, HSS phn ng li bng thng tin v thu bao. Giao thc cng c th c dng bi I-CSCF hoc S-CSCF cp nht gi tr vo c s d liu HSS. Nhng kiu truyn c h tr l: 1. Giy php ng k cho thu bao (I-CSCF - HSS) 2. Cu hi v nhng hng nhn thc cho thu bao (S-CSCF - HSS) 3. Khai bo tnh trng ang k ( S-CSCF - HSS) 4. Xo tn ng k ca mang khi u (HSS - S-CSCF) 5. Cu hi v tr i vi thu bao (I-CSCF - HSS) l quyt nh nh tuyn cuc gi i vo d tr dnh ring cho thu bao thuc vo mng ny 6. Cp nht s lc tiu s ca ngi dng (HSS - S-CSCF)
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Miu t nhng giao din

Interface Name
IMS entities
Description
Protocol over
Cr
MRFC, AS
HTTP c dng bi MRFC rt ra dedicated documents (scripts and nhng ti TCP/SCTP nguyn khc) t AS channels I-CSCF/SDiameter
Cx Dh
I-CSCF, S-CSCF, Dng thng tin gia HSS CSCF v HSS
SIP AS, OSA, Dng bi AS tim ra ng HSS Diameter SCF, IM-SSF, trong mi trng nhiu HSS HSS Dng bi I-CSCF/S-CSCF tm I-CSCF, S-CSCF, ng HSS trong mi trng nhiu Diameter SLF HSS UE, P-CSCF Dng trao i nhng bn tin gia SIP UE v CSCFs Cho php nh khai thc iu chnh (Rel5), QoS trong user plane v trao i thng COPS tin tch cc tng ng gia mng Diameter (Rel6+) IMS v GPRS Dng trao i thng tin decisionrelated mt cch kho lo gia P- Diameter CSCF v PDF
Dx Gm
Go
PDF, GGSN
Gq ISC Ma
P-CSCF, PDF
S-CSCF, I-CSCF, Dng trao i ban tin gia CSCF v SIP AS AS I-CSCF -> AS Dng hng nhng yu cu SIP trc tip ti nhn dng dch v cng SIP cng c qun l bi AS
Mg Mi Mj Mk
MGCF bin i bo hiu ISUP thnh MGCF -> I-CSCF bo hiu SIP v hng bo hiu SIP SIP ti I-CSCF S-CSCF -> BGCF BGCF -> MGCF BGCF -> BGCF Dng trao i nhng bn tin gia SIP S-CSCF v BGCF Dng trao i bn tin gia BGCF SIP v MGCF trong cng mng IMS Dng trao i bn tin gia nhng BGCF trong nhng mng IMS khc SIP nhau
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Mm Mn Mp Mr Mw
I-CSCF, S-CSCF, Dng cho vic trao i nhng bn tin Not specified external IP gia mng IMS v mng IP bn ngoi network MGCF, IM-MGW MRFC, MRFP S-CSCF, MRFC Cho php vic iu khin ti nguyn H.248 user-plane Dng trao i nhng bn tin gia H.248 MRFC v Dng trao i nhng bn tin gia SIP S-CSCF v MRFC
P-CSCF, I-CSCF, Dng trao i nhng bn tin gia SIP S-CSCF nhng CSCF P-CSCF, I-CSCF, S-CSCF, BGCF, Dng trao i thng tin tnh cc Diameter MRFC, MGCF, offline vi AS AS, MRFC SIP AS, SCS, HSS IM-SSF, HSS MRFC, AS Dng trao i thng tin tnh cc Diameter online vi ECF OSA Dng trao i thng tin gia SIP Diameter AS/OSA v HSS Dng trao i thng tin gia IMMAP SSF v HSS Dng bi MRFC gi ra documents (scripts v nhng ti nguyn khc) t HTTP AS
Rf
Ro Sh Si Sr
Ut
UE, AS (SIP AS, Cho php UE qun l thng tin lin HTTP(s) OSA SCS, IMquan ti nhng dch v ca n SSF)
6.2 UMTS Realease 5: Truy cp gi downlink tc cao (HSDPA) iu quan trng trong UMTS R5 l gii thiu k hoch pht d liu mi c gi l HSDPA, HSDPA lm tng tc pht d liu t mng ti user. Khi 384kbps l tc ln nht trong R99 UTRAN, HSDPA cho php tc t 1,4 ti 3.6Mbps mi user, ph thuc vo kh nng ca thit b user v tng ti 14,4Mbps bng nhng thit b u cui tin tin. Thm ch di iu kin v tuyn t l tng v ti ca cell nng, tc 800kbps vn c th i vi user. Chi ph chnh cho HSDPA l phi tng dung lng ca kt ni backhaul(hng tr li) thuc cell ti mng, chi ph pht mi bit s tng ln kh xa v thc t cng s nhng BTS c th h tr bng thng ton th cao hn nhiu.
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Gii thiu HSDPA vo nm 2006 do cho php nh khai thc mng UMTS cnh tranh trc tip vi DSL, cp v truy cp internet WiMax cho home v office. 6.3 UMTS Release 6 v Release 7 6.3.1 UMTS Release 6 : Truy cp gi Uplink tc cao (HSUPA l th h 3,5G) IMS v HSDPA tip tc c pht trin thnh UMTS Release 6. Khi HSDPA thc cht l tng bng rng ton din vi mi cell v mi user trong hng downlink, tc uplink khng tng t R99. V th, uplink vn b gii hn ti 64128kbps v ti 384kbps trong mt vi mng di iu kin l tng. S ni bt ca IMS, tuy nhin, khi ng vic tri rng s nhng ng dng trc tip t user ti user nh hi ngh a phng tin. Nhng ng dng ny gi nhiu d liu bng chng nhn v do uplink s tr thnh c trai ca h thng trong sut thi gian. Do , UMTS R6 gii thiu s nng cao tc pht uplink c gi l HSUPA. V mt l thuyt HSUPA cho php tc d liu khong mt vi Mbps cho mi ngi dng trong iu kin l tng. Trong iu kin tn hiu thc t, s nhng user trn mi cell v kh nng u cui ang c xem xt, HSUPA vn c th pht tc xung quanh 800kbps. Hn na, HSUPA cng tng s lng ln nht users c th gi d liu qua cng mt cell v v th lm gim ch ph ton b mng. Nhng ng dng khc non-IMS thch gi messages email vi s attachment file rt ln v bn tin MMS vi ni dung video ln cng li dng HSUPA. Trong Release 6 c 4 ni dung chnh l: Tch hp WLAN, qung b a phng tin v a sc thi, ci tin trong IMS, HSUPA 6.3.2 UMTS Release 7 v xa hn: thm ch tc d liu cao hn Khi HSDPA tng tc d liu kh xa so vi tc UMTS u tin, cuc ua tng bng rng v tc d liu ngi dng vn tip tc. K thut pht phc tp hn nh OFDM v MIMO c tho lun trong nhm lm vic 3GPP i vi Release 7. Mc tiu l tng tc d liu ln 10 ln so vi HSDPA cho php mng UMTS c th cnh tranh vi nhng k thut wireless v fixed-line trong tng lai.
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Chng 7 Cc cng ngh khng dy khc

7.1 Mng WLAN 7.1.1 gii thiu chung v WLAN Nm 1997, IEEE phc tho chun 802.11 cho WLAN. n nm 1999, chun 802.11b c phc tho v c cng nhn bi mng li cng nghip. u im l tit kim c chi ph thit lp cc ng mng trong cc ta nh v chi ph bo dng, tit kim thi gian, kh nng m rng v qun l cao, tnh linh ng, tch hp tt vi cc my tnh c sn, chia s ti nguyn. Nhc im l tc b hn ch bi bng thng c sn, n nh ng truyn ph thuc nhiu vo cc thit b pht sng, tnh bo mt ca h thng cha cao, tn s cao th tc nhng suy hao cng tng lm gim khong cch.
Hnh 7.1: Kin trc ca WLAN Di tn s dng: cc sn phm khng dy s dng iu ch ph tri rng (DSSS v FHSS) hot ng di tn cng nghip, khoa hc v y t (ISM) - Di 900MHz v 2,4GHz: u im l c kh nng xuyn qua chng ngi vt v thu pht mnh trong khong cch vi km - Di 3,5GHz: cc thit b trong di tn ny trong mt s trng hp kh ging vi thit b di 2,4GHz. suy ln khi xuyn qua vt cn nn t c s dng.
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Chun mng WLAN - Nhm lp vt l: -> chun 802.11b: s dng k thut DSSS, c 14 knh trn bng tn 2,4GHz, tc ti a l 11Mbps trn mi knh. Nhc im l di tn trng vi di tn ca nhiu thit b trong gia nh nh l vi sng, in thoi m conc th b nhiu -> Chun 802.11a l nng cp ca 802.11b, di tn lm vic l 5MHz, cng ngh tri ph OFDM, tc d liu ti a 25Mbps ti 54Mbps -> Chun 802.11g lm vic di tn 2,4GHz, tc ti a 54Mbps, k thut iu ch OFDM - Nhm lp lin kt d liu MAC -> Chun 802.11e,i b xung cho c 802.11a,b,g: i vi 802.11e nhm cung cp cc chc nng v cht lng dch v (voice, video, QoS rt cao). 802.11i nhm ci thin v mt an ninh cho mng khng dy -> 802.11n vn cha ra mt, tn s lm vic l 2,4GHz hoc 5GHz, tc d liu 200Mbps ln nht l 540Mbps, phm vi xp x l 50m, s dng k thut MIMO 7.1.2 So snh WLAN v UMTS Khc bit v tc gia WLAN v UMTS l, tc truyn ln nht ca hospots WLAN l 11-54Mbps, 384kbps l vi UMTS R99 hoc 800kbps ti 3Mbps l ca HSDPA. S tht l, WLAN c dng cho kt ni wireless vn phng, dng trao i d liu gia nhng PC v Server trong LAN. ng dng khc cho k thut WLAN trong nhng to nh cng cng. y, tc b gii hn bi tc lin kt backhaul ti internet. V hu ht hotspots, DSL s dng backhaul, chnh n gii hn tc downlink vo khong 1-8Mbps. Bng rng ny phi c chia vi tt c user ca hotspot. Trong thc t, bng thng uplink thm ch nh hn v trong hu ht trng hp b gii hn ti 256kbps ti 1Mbps. Do , tc pht ln nht ca WLAN khng c s dng nh trong l thuyt. S dng UMTS, tc trn 384kbps ti 3Mbps vi HSDPA sn sng vi mi user. Node-B UMTS vi 3 phn onc dung lng pht vo khong 12Mbps, n c th x l nhiu user hn hotspot ca WLAN vi tc tng ng mi user. Ch , Node-B thng bao ph mt vng a l ln hn nhiu so vi hotspot ca WLAN.
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WLAN sn c nhng a im cng cng nh hotel, airport lounges, v nh ga. Mong mun s lng hotspot s tng ln trong tng lai, v phm vi ngn ca WLAN. Mt khc, mng UMTS li bao ph nhng khu vc rng nh thnh ph
Hnh 7.2: Tc d liu v s ph thuc ca chng vo di ng Khi mng li UMTS l mt s pht trin ca mng GSM v GPRS ang tn ti, gii php tnh cc trn ton th gii vn ang tn ti. Mt khc WLAN khng c gii php tnh cc chun v n phc v cho home v office. i vi nhng hotspot thng mi, th vic tnh cc l ni dung cn thit. V s vng mt nhng chun v s lng rt ln nhng nh khai thc hotspot, mt s gii php tnh cc khc ang xut hin trn th trng. Nh th , tr trc tip qua th tn dng, v tr qua GSM hoc UMTS ( nu hotspot ca WLAN c khai thc bi nh khai thc di ng ca user). Kch thc ca cell cng l khc bit ln gia WLAN v UMTS. WLAN b gii hn ti mt vi trm mt v cng sut pht ln nht l 0,1W. Trong to nh phm vi ny gim xung v nhng vt cn nh nhng bc tng. Nhng cell ca UMTS c th ph sng vi km nhng cng c th ph sng cho nhiu to nh hoc floors (pico-cells) H thng in thoi l ng dng quan trng. Phn chuyn mch knh ca mng UMTS c thit k cho h thng in thoi voice v video. Xu hng r
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rng l hng voice (v video) trn IP (VoIP). UMTS nh a ch bng kin trc IMS. Nhng hotspot khng dy s li dng t xu th ny. Nhng khc s dng VoIP, cng vi notebook, cho php ngi dng lm cuc gi qua WLAN nh, trong vn phng, hoc hotspot cng cng. Gn y, nhng thit b nh nh thng tin Nokia gii thiu kt ni WLAN thm vo truy cp GSM v UMTS. chc chn cht lng dch v tt i vi ng dng in thoi trong nhng hotspot c ti, thm DCF vo im truy cp chc chn bng rng v thi gian tr khng i cho cuc gi. Gii php cho vn ny c chun ho c th trong 802.11e. Ch , nhng hotspot cng cng kt ni internet qua ng dy DSL vi bng thng uplink c gii hn ch vi trm kbps. Do , ch c 2 hoc 3 cuc gi ng thi xy ra. V l do ny, in thoi trn nhng hotspot WLAN cng cng s ch b sung dung lng cuc gi voice ca mng GSM v UMTS. Nhng chun R6 miu t lm sao IMS c th c m rng ti WLAN cng cng.
Hnh 7.3 : Kin trc ni lin gia WLAN IEEE 802.11 v UMTS Hnh 7.4 ch ra 5 im ni lin gia WLAN v UMTS. Kin trc ni lin ny bao gm nhng thay i nh ti nhiu chun v nhiu k thut ang tn ti v c bit cho lp MAC v vt l. Hai ni lin u tin lun lun c s tng tc gia im truy cp (AP) WLAN v phn chuyn mch gi ca mng li UMTS. Ni lin ny l c th thng qua phn t 3G-SGSN v GGSN. Trong 2 trng hp mng
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WLAN xut hin nh l mt cell ca UMTS hoc vng nh tuyn (RA). Mng UMTS s l mng Master(ch) v mng WLAN IEEE 802.11 s l mng slave (t). iu ny c ngha l vic qun l di dng v bo mt s c x l bi mng UMTS. iu ny yu cu nhng card PCMCIA dual-mode truy cp ti 2 lp vt l khc nhau. Thm vo , tt c lu lng s n 3G-SGSN ca UMTS u tin hoc 3G-GGSN trc khi trm ti nhng ich cui cng ca n, d l ch cui cng trong mng WLAN.
Hnh 7.4: Quan h ni lin gia IEEE 802.11 WLAN AP v 3G-SGSN thng qua IWU (IWU cnh tranh vi b iu khin RNC) Trong ni lin th 3 im truy cp o (VAP) tri ngc nhng vai tr ca UMTS v WLAN nh trong 2 kin trc ni lin u tin. y, WLAN IEEE 802.11 l mng Master(ch) v UMTS l mng Slave (t). Vic qun l di ng l tu theo WLAN, v IAPP ( l Inter-Access Point Protocol) l giao thc thc hin qun l ny Kin trc ni lin th 4 cng di ng/ proxy di ng (MG) c s dung gia UMTS v WLAN 802.11. y, chng l 2 mng peer-to-peer. MG l proxy c trin khai mt l trn UMTS hoc WLAN v s x l di ng v nh tuyn. Kin trc ni lin th 5 l da vo giao thc Mobile IP. iu c gi l no-coupling v c 2 mng l nhng peers. Mobile IP x l qun l di ng. Phn
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t A HA/FA c gm vi kin trc ny, ci m lm lp IP ca nhng thng bo tc nhn ca tc nhn di ng (HA/FA) v thc hin s cp nht rng buc 7.2 WiMax (chun 802.16) 7.2.1 tng quan v WiMax (802.16) WiMax (World interoperability Microwave Access) l h thng truy nhp vi ba c tnh tng tc ton cu da trn c s tiu chun k thut IEEE 802.16-2004. Tiu chun ny do hai t chc quc t a ra: T cng tc 802.16 trong ban tiu chun IEEE 802, vi Din n WiMax. T cng tc IEEE 802.16 l ngi ch nh ra tiu chun cn Din n WiMax l ngi trin khai ng dng tiu chun IEEE 802.16. Din n WiMax l t chc phi li nhun, h tr v thng mi ha cong ngh theo tiu chun 802.16. y gii thiu c s l lun v WiMax cng nh xem xt cc tiu chun vi cc m hnh ng dng WiMax nh l mt trong cc gii php truy cp bng rng khng dy. Cng ngh truy nhp khng dy ang c trin khai ng dng c trin vng nhm b sung cho mng thng tin di ng. Mng Wi-Fi ch yu phc v cho mng cc b LAN, cn WiMax phc v ch yu cho mng th MAN (Metropolitan Area Network). Mng WiMax cng nh mng th hu tuyn (truyn dn qua cp) nh mng DSL u c s dng phc v cc thu bao trong vng ti 50km. Hai m hnh ng dng WiMax Tiu chun IEEE 802.16 xut 2 m hnh ng dng: - M hnh ng dng c nh - M hnh ng dng di ng M hnh ng dng c nh (Fixed WiMax) M hnh c nh s dng cc thit b theo tiu chun IEEE 802.16-2004. Tiu chun ny gi l khng dy c nh v thit b thng tin lm vic vi cc anten c nh t ti nh c thu bao. Anten t trn nc nh hoc trn ct thp tng ng nh cho thng tin v tinh. Tiu chun IEEE 802.16-2004 cng cho php t anten trong nh nhng tt nhin tn hiu thu khng kho bng anten ngoi tri. Bng tn cng tc (theo quy nh v phn b ca quc gia) trong bng 2,5 GHz hoc 3.5 GHz. rng bng tn l 3,5 MHz. Trong mng c nh, WiMax thc hin cch tip ni khng dy n cc moderm cp, n cc i dy thu bao ca mch xDSL hoc mch Tx/Ex (truyn pht/chuyn mch) v mch OC-x (truyn ti qua sng mang). WiMax c nh c th phc v cho cc loi ngi dng (user) nh: cc x nghip, cc khu dn c nh
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l, mng cp truy nhp WLAN cng cng ni ti mng th, cc trm gc BS ca mng thng tin di ng v cc mch iu khin trm BS. V cch phn b theo a l, cc user th c th phn tn ti cc a phng nh nng thn v cc vng su vng xa kh a mng cp hu tuyn n . Trong m hnh ny b phn v tuyn gm cc trm gc WiMax BS (lm vic vi anten t trn thp cao) v cc trm ph SS (SubStation). Cc trm WiMax BS ni vi mng th MAN hoc mng PSTN
Hnh 7.5: S h thng mng WiMax M hnh ng dng WiMax di ng M hnh WiMax di ng s dng cc thit b ph hp vi tiu chun IEEE 802.16e. Tiu chun 802.16e b sung cho tiu chun 802.16-2004 hng ti cc user c nhn di ng, lm vic trong bng tn thp hn 6 GHz. Mng li ny phi hp cng WLAN, mng di ng cellular 3G c th to thnh mng di ng c vng ph sng rng. Hy vng cc nh cung cp vin thng hip ng cng tc thc hin c mng vin thng digital truy nhp khng dy c phm vi ph sng rng tha mn c cc nhu cu a dng ca thu bao. Tiu chun IEEE 802.16e c thng qua trong nm 2005. Chng ta bit n cc cng ngh truy nhp Internet ph bin hin nay nh quay s qua Modem thoi, ADSL, hay cc ng thu knh ring, hoc s dng cc h thng v tuyn nh in thoi di ng, hay mng Wi-Fi. Mi phng php truy cp mng c c im ring. i vi Modem thoi th tc qu thp, ADSL tc
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c th ln n 8 Mbps nhng cn c ng dy kt ni, cc ng thu knh ring th gi thnh t m khng d trin khai i vi cc khu vc c a hnh phc tp. H thng thng tin di ng hin ti cung cp tc truyn 9,6 Kbps qu thp so vi nhu cu ngi s dng, ngay c cc mng th h sau GSM nh GPRS (2,5G) cho php truy cp tc n 171,2 Kbps hay EDGE khong 300-400 Kbps cng cha th p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng khi s dng cc dch v mng Internet. h thng di ng th h tip theo 3G th tc truy cp Internet cng khng vt qu 2Mbps. Vi mng Wi-Fi ( chnh l mng LAN khng dy) ch c th p dng cho cc my tnh trao i thng tin vi khong cch ngn. Vi thc t nh vy, WiMax ra i nhm cung cp mt phng tin truy cp Internet khng dy tng hp c th thay th cho ADSL v WiFi.
Hnh 7.6: D on pht trin ca h thng mng v dch v H thng WiMax c kh nng cung cp ng truyn vi tc ln n 70 Mbps v vi bn knh ph sng ca mt trm anten pht ln n 50km. M hnh ph sng ca mng WiMax tng t nh mng in thoi t bo. Bn cnh , WiMax cng hot ng mm do nh WiFi khi truy cp mng. Mi khi mt my tnh mun truy nhp mng n s t ng kt ni n trm anten WiMax gn nht. WiMax hot ng nh th no Thc t WiMax hot ng tng t WiFi nh tc v khong cch ln hn rt nhiu cng vi mt s lng ln ngi dng. Mt h thng WiMax gm 2 phn: - Trm pht: ging nh cc trm BTS trong mng thng tin di ng vi cng sut ln c th ph sng mt vng rng ti 8000 km 2 .
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- Trm thu: c th l cc anten nh nh cc Card mng cm vo hoc c thit lp sn trn Mainboard bn trong cc my tnh, theo cch m WiFi vn dng. Cc trm pht BTS c kt ni ti mng internet thng qua cc ng truyn tc cao dnh ring hoc c th c ni ti mt BTS khc nh mt trm trung chuyn. Cc anten thu/pht c th trao i thng tin vi nhau qua cc tia sng truyn thng hoc cc tia phn x. Trong trng hp truyn thng, cc anten c t c nh trn cc im cao, tn hiu trong trng hp ny n nh v tc truyn c th t ti a. Bng tn s dng c th dng tn s cao n 66GHz v tn s ny tn hiu t b giao thoa vi cc knh tn hiu khc v bng thng s dng cng ln hn. i vi trng hp tia phn x, WiMax s dng bng tn thp hn, 2 11GHz, tng t nh WiFi, tn s thp tn hiu d dng vt qua cc vt cn, c th phn x, nhiu x, un cong, vng qua cc vt th n ch.
Hnh 7.7: Cu trc mng WiMax trn nn IP c im WiMax s dng k thut OFDM ci thin hiu sut a ng trong cc mi trng khng theo tm nhn thng. OFDMA thay i t l (S-OFDMA) dng h tr bng thng knh t l t 1,25 n 2MHz. WiMax di ng phin bn 1 s bao gm cc bng thng knh 5; 7; 8,75 v 10MHz dnh cho cc di tn c cp php trn th gii nh: 2,3GHz; 2,5GHz; 3,3 GHz v 3,5 GHz
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- Tc d liu cao: k thut anten MIMO cng vi cc nguyn l chia nh knh linh hot, m ha v iu ch nng cao, tt c c kh nng h tr tc d liu ng xung ln ti 28Mbps cho mt sector trong mt knh 10 MHz - Cht lng dch v (QoS) l tin c bn ca kin trc MAC trong IEEE 802.16. N nh ngha lung dch v m c th nh x n cc im m DiffServ hoc cc nhn lung cho php kt ni u cui ti u cui theo giao thc IP trn c s QoS. Ngoi ra, cc nguyn l bo hiu trn c s chia nh knh v MAP cung cp c ch linh ng cho vic lp lch ti u ti nguyn khng gian, tn s v thi gian trn giao din v tuyn theo khung. - Tnh mm do: Ti nguyn ph cho bng rng khng dy c cp pht khc nhau. V vy cng ngh WiMax di ng thit k c th linh hot hot ng trong cc knh khc nhau t 1,25 n 20 MHz tha mn cc yu cu trn ton cu. - Kh nng bo mt: cc c tnh bo mt trong WiMax di ng l tt nht trong lp vi s xc thc trn theo EAP, m ha c xc thc theo AES-CCM, cc ngun bo v bn tin iu khin theo CMAC v HMAC. Cc xc thc cho mt tp cc ngi dng ang tn ti bao gm: th SIM/USIM, cc th thng minh, cc chng ch s, cc nguyn l Username/password theo cc phng php EAP tng ng cho kiu nhn thc. 7.2.2 So snh 802.16 (WiMax) vi UMTS, HSDPA, v WLAN. 802.16 nhm ti nhng kt ni bng rng trong khong cch rng. iu ny yu phng php khc trn lp 2 th nht ca nhm giao thc khi so snh vi WLAN. Bng s phn chia theo thi gian v tn s, h thng 802.16 c th dng 2 bng c cp php v khng c cp php. Truy cp internet nhanh vi tc trong khong 1 v 10Mbps trn khong cch vi km trong mi trng thc t, mng 802.16 c th cnh tranh vi nhng k thut mng ng u khc nh UMTS v HSDPA. Tri ngc vi HSDPA, 802.16 l s pht trin t nhin cho mng UMTS v s c dng bi cc nh khai thc khng dy ng thi, 802.16 l k thut gy s hng th cho nhng nh khai thc mng mi mun cnh tranh vi nhng gii php khc thuc v truy cp internet bng rng c nh v khng dy. S m rng 802.16e l nhm vo chun ci thin tnh hung thm vo nh tnh di ng, v nhng nh sn xut thit b notebook nh Intel a ra chipset h tr s m rng di ng ca chun 802.16. Thm vo kin trc mng c nh ngha cho
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php roaming quc gia v quc t. 802.16 chng t l mt s chn la k thut cho vic truy cp internet nhanh nng thn v min ni. Trong nhng nc pht trin, 802.16 cho php nhng nh khai thc cung cp truy cp internet ti th trng rng ln cng ging nh cch ca mng GSM. Chun 802.16e thm di ng ti h thng WiMAX v cho php u cui roam t BS ti BS (Base Station). nh ca s m rng ny l cnh tranh vi nhng k thut khng dy khc nh UMTS, CDMA v WLAN i vi s di chuyn ca thu bao s dng thit b nh notebook khi t nh hoc vn phng. 7.3 UMTS v tinh (satellite UMTS)
Hnh 7.8: Kin trc mng UMTS v tinh C s h tng mng bao gm min AN v CN. Min AN cung cp nhng chc nng lin quan ti v tuyn v CN cung cp nhng chc nng tng tc mng khng lin quan n v tuyn v c nh.
Hnh 7.9: Cu trc bn trong ca cng (GWS the GateWay Subsystem, GTS the GateWay Transceiver Subsystem, GSC the Gateway Station Control)
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Ni dung tch hp yu cu s dng phn v tinh nh RAN, c gi l USRAN (UMTS Satellite Radio Access Network). iu ny s cung cp nhng thut li khi tch hp bi v chun mt t c th c ti s dng vi mt cht c gng thch nghi v/ hoc sa i. Mt vi s iu tra t c h thng mc tiu l tu theo nhng im tham chiu khc nhau, loi k thut truy cp v tinh (truy cp trc tip/gin tip), loi qu o v tinh (GSO (Geo Synchronous Orbit)/Non GSO (NGSO)) v mc x l on-board ca v tinh, v tinh ti sinh/khuynh hng ng dn (BP) V tinh trong sut Trong v tinh trong sut, tt c giao thc ca mng li v truy cp v tuyn c trin khai trn phn mt t, tc l cng (GW). V tinh thc hin vai tr khuych i nhng tn hiu v tuyn. Khi kt qu l khng c chuyn mch onboard hoc mc nh tuyn cao l c th , tc l tt c nhng kt ni gia 2 u cui lin kt vi v tinh s c nh tuyn qua phn mt t ( double-hop). 2 vin cnh c th c xem xt trong nhng im giao din gia phn v tinh v mng li mt t Tch hp giao din Iub (Iub*)= BPNodeB Trong vin cnh ny, phn v tinh gm v tinh v GW thc vin vai tr ca Node B, v c kt ni ti RNC chun (mt t) trn giao din Iub. Ch , giao din Uu* l giao din khng kh Uu bin i trong iu kin din mo ca L1, tn s mang, cu trc knh vt l v iu khin nng lng ca thnh phn v tinh GW s c mt n v tng tc v tinh S-IWU (l Satellite-InterWorking Unit) nhm qun l tt c th tc c th ca v tinh nh qun l di ng v tinh inter/intra v th tc iu khin nng lng. GW khng gm chc nng RNC trong
BPNodeB , nh chc nng IW (Inter-Work) phi c trang b trong RNC mt t.
RNC cng vi S-IWU c coi l RNC*. Vin cnh ny c nhng u im l s tch hp phn v tinh vo UMTS mt t c th ch vi mt cht bin i GW ang tn ti, v hu ht nhng chc nng IW quan trng c trin khi trong RNC* mt t. Nhc im quyt nh ca vin cnh ny l th tc c th ca v tinh b iu khin bi RNC mt t, tc l s n lc bo hiu gia v tinh v thnh phn mt t trn Iub* l bt k th tc RTI (Radio Technology Independent) cng nh giao thc RTD (Radio Technology Dependent)
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Tch hp giao din Iu ( BPRNC ) Trong vin cnh ny, on v tinh kt ni trc tip ti mng li UMTS( SGSN) qua giao din chun Iu nu nh n l mng truy cp v tuyn UMTS (UTRAN). Do , GW v tinh c m rng vi S-IWU t chc nng mng truy cp v tuyn mt t UMTS chun
Hnh 7.10: Vin cnh v tinh trong sut Tch hp Iub ( BPNodeB ) v Iu ( BPRNC ) Tri ngc vi BPNodeB , th tc c th ca v tinh cho giao thc RTD b iu khin trc tip bi GW v tinh. Hn na, khi GW chuyn i tn hiu giao thc RTI ti nh dng chun nh v hng ti mng li UMTS. u im ca vin cnh ny l s n gin ca vic tch hp m phn v tinh c tch hp vo UMTS mt t khng cn m rng phn mt t, v hiu qu ca giao thc RTD m mi on v tuyn c th thc hin th tc RAT (Radio Access Technology) c lp vi nhau. Vic chn chm v tinh cho S-UMTS Nhng chm v qu o khc nhau c th c hnh dung cho s khai thc nhng dch v S-UMTS. Khng c chm v tinh no l tt nht ang tn ti v s thay i pros v cons ca chm v tinh. Di nhng c tnh ca 2 qu o, GEO v LEO, c so snh trong nhng iu kin thuc khu vc hot ng ca chng. Nhng v tinh ng b GEO quay quanh tri t cao 36000km kt qu l tr truyn cao khng nh cho h thng thng tin. Tr truyn gia 2 trm tri t trn GEO l xung quanh 500ms. Theo s nh ngha ca 3GPP cho lp hi thoi, tr
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ny khng chp nhn c, vic s dng v tinh GEO cho ng dng ny l khng thc t. Mc d tr truyn di, vic s dng v tinh GEO trong S-UMTS l th v v vng ph sng rng ca chng v tc d liu cao trn ng downlink V tinh qu o thp (LEO- Low Earth Orbiting) quay cao trong khong t 700 ti 2000km trn tri t. Chng c tim nng l thnh cng h thng vin thng ton cu trong tng lai, nh tr truyn tn hiu nh hn nhiu v yu cu t nng lng ca u cui tri t. H thng LEO cng mng li nhng cell v tinh nh hn, cho php ti s dng tn s tt hn v v th dung lng cao hn h thng GEO. Nhc im chnh ca LEO so snh vi GEO (hoc mng khng dy mt t) l v tinh LEO di chuyn vi tc cao xung quanh tri t, v d, vi tc 8km/s so vi mt t. S di chuyn ca v tinh c th lm tng s lng loi chuyn giao (handovers) trong xut cuc gi, vic tng tng s iu khin v/ hoc lu lng t trc.
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Chng 8
Tng quan v 4G
8.1 Yu cu xy dng mng di ng khng dy th h mi 4G Vic trin khai ti mt s nc ch ra mt vi vn m 3G cha gii quyt c hoc mi ch gii quyt c mt phn l : - S kh khn trong vic tng lin tc bng thng v tc d liu tho mn nhu cu ngy cng a dng cc dch v a phng tin, v cc dch v khc vi nhu cu v cht lng dch v (QoS) v bng thng khc nhau. - S gii hn ca gii ph s dng. - Mc d c ha hn kh nng chuyn vng ton cu, nhng do tn ti nhng chun cng ngh 3G khc nhau nn gy kh khn trong vic chuyn vng (roamming) gia cc mi trng dch v khc bit trong cc bng tn s khc nhau. - Thiu c ch chuyn ti seamless (lin mch) gia u cui vi u cui khi m rng mng con di ng vi mng c nh. Trong n lc khc phc nhng vn ca 3G, hng ti mc tiu to ra mt mng di ng c kh nng cung cp cho ngi s dng cc dch v thoi, truyn d liu v c bit l cc dch v bng rng multimedia ti mi ni (anywhere), mi lc (anytime), mng di ng th h th t - 4G (Fourth Generation) c xut nghin cu v ha hn nhng bc trin khai u tin trong vng mt thp k na (2010). Hin nay, 4G mi ang giai on u ca qu trnh pht trin vi cch tip cn tng i khc nhau c xut bi mt s t chc c uy tn trn th gii. 8.2. Cc quan im tip cn mng th h mi 4G 8.2.1. Cch tip cn theo quan im h thng Cch tip cn ny c NTTDoCoMo ca Nht Bn xut, tc ha hn mc t 2 n 20Mbps, vi cc tng sau : - Pht trin v xy dng mng truy nhp v tuyn mi v h tr cho mng truy cp ny, mng li mi cng cn phi c xy dng nn tng IP. - S dng di ph mi, c bit l vng c cp pht cho mc ch quc phng hoc qung b. Cch tip cn ny k tha cch tip cn khi xy dng cc th h mng di ng trc y, ngha l, tp trung chnh vo vic xy dng mt h thng mi hon ton.
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8.2.2. Cch tip cn theo quan im tch hp mng Trong cch tip cn ny, thay v n lc pht trin cc cng ngh v giao din v tuyn mi cho h thng 4G, cc nh nghin cu cho rng v thc cht h thng 4G ch l s tch hp cc h thng khng dy c pht trin v ang trin khai trn th gii nh (WLAN, DSL, v tinh, qung b, 2G, 3G, ...). Cch tip cn ny c U ban chu u (EC - European Commision) thng qua trong vic xy dng cc h thng 4G. Theo cch tip cn ny, ngi s dng s c h thng cung cp kh nng di ng c nhn (personal mobility), theo , h c th t thit b ca mnh truy nhp n cc dch v m khng cn quan tm n cc cng ngh giao din khng gian ang s dng (WLAN, GSM, GPRS,...). Theo quan im ny, cng ngh IP cho mng c nh s c trin khai n cc trm c s (Base Station - vit tt l BS), v cc trm ny s tr thnh cc router truy cp (access router). Gn y, quan im ny c ti khng nh trong Bo co 4G 2005: S thay i chui gi tr khng dy a ra ngy 30 thng 6 nm 2005 bi VisionGain - T chc uy tn chuyn a ra cc a ra cc phn tch nh gi v tnh hnh cng ngh trn th gii [39] - theo : 4G khng ch nh ngha ra mt chun mi, m 4G a ra mt mi trng trong cc phng thc truy nhp khng dy s c kh nng phi hp hat ng cung cp cc phin truyn thng c kh nng chuyn giao thng sut gia chng. R rng, theo quan im ny h thng s linh hot hn (khng ph thuc vo mt cng ngh c th no), vi chi ph trin khai thp (da trn cc cng ngh v h thng sn c). H thng da trn quan im ny c gi l h thng ALL-IP 4G. 8.3. nh ngha mng di ng ALL-IP 4G nh ngha mng di ng ALL-IP 4G : hay cn gi l mng di ng th h mi vi nn tng l vic tch hp cc cng ngh truy cp da trn giao thc IP (Internet Protocol), nhm mc ch cung cp cc dch v tc cao ti mi ni, mi lc, khng gin on cng vi kh nng c nhn ho cao cho ngi s dng. Trong , cc cng ngh khng dy c tch hp bao gm: Truyn thng v tinh (satellite communication), Mng in thoi t bo (cellular telephon network), Truyn hnh s (digital video broadcast - DVB, Pht thanh s (digital audio broadcast - DAB), Mng cc b khng dy (wireless local area network - WLAN) da trn cng ngh mi nhn Bluetooth, Mng di ng c bit (mobile ad hoc network - MANET), ...,
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Qua s tch hp ny m kh nng p ng bng thng rng ca mng Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, MANET, ...; kh nng bao ph dch v trn din rng ca mng v tinh, t bo, ...; vi kh nng vt tri c kim chng ca cc cng ngh da trn nn IP c tn dng nhm p ng tt nht nhu cu c p ng dch v thng sut vi cht lng cao ca ngi s dng. Hn na, vi c im c nhn ho, h thng ALL-IP 4G c kh nng iu chnh cung cp dch v ph hp vi ngi s dng vi cc iu kin khc nhau.
Vertical Handover
Sateline
Global Layer Regioal layer National layer Local layer

Wireless LANs DAB and DVB-T
2G, 3G
Persional network layer

Wireless PANs
Horizontal Handover
Hnh 8.1: Cc cng ngh khng dy tch hp mng 4G Vi mi trng tch hp nhiu cng ngh (hnh 1-1), mng di ng ALL-IP 4G cn c gi l mng khng ng nht (heterogeneous network) hay mi trng khng ng nht (heterogeneous enviroment). 8.4. Cc th h cng ngh Thng tin di ng pht trin t h thng tng t (analogue) th h th nht (1G) n cc th h thng th h th hai (2G) nh CDMA v GSM. Hin nay, th h th ba (3G) bt u c a vo s dng, cung cp cc dch v a phng tin cht lng cao v ha hn cho php kh nng roarming ton cu. Mc d c chm tr trong vic trin khai do s suy thoi kinh t trn ton th gii nhng trin vng pht trin cc th h cng ngh k tip - vi kh nng p ng bng rng cng nh cht lng dch v ngy cng cao - l rt ln.
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a. Th h th nht (1G) Th h thng tin di ng u tin (1G) l cc h thng tng t, s dng k thut a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s (FDMA), bt u xut hin vo u thp nin 80 v hot ng cho n khi b thay th bi cc th h hai (2G). Cc chun cng ngh ph bin nht ca th h ny l: H thng in thoi di ng cao cp (AMPS - Advance Mobile Phone System) pht minh bi Bell Labs v ci t ti M nm 1982 [3,40]. Phin bn c s dng ti chu u ca AMPS c tn TACS (Total Access Communication System). b. th h th hai (2G) Th h th hai (2G) xut hin vo nhng nm 90 vi mng di ng u tin, s dng k thut a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA). Trong thi k ca th h th hai, nn cng ngh thng tin di ng tng trng vt tri c v s lng thu bao v cc dch v gi tr gia tng. Cc mng th th hai cho php truyn d liu hn ch trong khong t 9.6 kbps n 19.2 kbps. Cc mng ny c s dng ch yu cho mc ch thoi v l cc mng chuyn mch knh. Tng t nh trong 1G, khng tn ti mt chun chung ton cu no cho 2G, hin nay cc h thng 2G da trn 3 chun cng ngh chnh sau: D- AMPS (Digital AMPS): c s dng ti Bc M. D-AMPS ang dn c thay th bi GSM/GPRS v CDMA2000. D-AMPS s dng knh AMPS sn c v cho php s chuyn i gia cc h thng s v tng t trong cng mt khu vc din ra APMS chia mi cp knh 30kHz thnh 3 khe thi gian v nn gi liu thoi theo cc phng php s. H thng s cng lm cho cc cuc gi tr nn an ton hn cho ngi s dng cc phng php m mt. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): Cc h thng trin khai GSM c se dng rt rng ri trn th gii (ngoi tr Bc M, Nht). H thng GSM dn knh phn chia tn s c s dng, vi mi u cui di ng truyn thng trn mt tn s v nhn thng tin trn mt tn s khc cao hn (chnh lch 80MHz trong D-AMPS v 55MHz trong GSM). Trong c hai h thng, phng php dn knh phn chia thi gian li c p dng cho mt cp tn s, lm tng kh nng cung cp dch v ng thi ca h thng. Tuy nhin, cc knh GSM rng hn cc knh AMPS (200kHz so vi 30kHz) qua GSM cung cp truyn d liu cao hn D-AMPS - CDMA (code Division Multiple Access): D-AMPS v GSM l cc h thng tng i truyn thng, chng s dng c hai cng ngh FDM v TDM chia ph
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tn s ra thnh cc knh v cc knh ny c gn vi cc khe thi gian. CDMA s dng cng ngh a truy cp thng qua m [3]. Nh cng ngh ny m CDMA c th nng cao dung lng cung cp ng thi cc cuc gi trong mt cell cao hn hn so vi hai cng ngh trn. Thng qua Qualcomm, CDMA pht trin v tr thnh mt gii php cng ngh tt nht v tr thnh nn tng ca cc h thng di ng th h th 3 (3G). - PDC (Personal Digital Cellular): L chun c pht trin v s dng duy nht ti Nht Bn. Ging nh D-AMPS v GSM, PDC s dng TDMA. Chun PDC c NTTDoCoMo a vo trin khai trong dch v Digital MOVA vo thng 3/1993. PDC s dng tn s mch gi l 28.8kHz, 3 khe thi gian, t tc chuyn mch knh l 9.6kbps v chuyn mch gi l 28.8kHz. PDC hot ng hai bng tn 800MHz v 1.5 Ghz. Ci tin t cc mng 2G, cc mng 2.5G nh GPRS s dng chuyn mch knh cho thoi v chuyn mch gi cho d liu, tr nn ph bin v phng thc chuyn mch gi s dng bng thng hiu qu hn rt nhiu, bng thng tc ti a ln ti 171.2 kbps (thc t l 33 kbps). Trong h thng ny, tt c cc gi tin ca mi ngi dng u cnh tranh bng thng vi nhau v ngi dng ch b tnh cc cho lng d liu c gi i. c. Th h th 3 (3G) Tip theo, cc mng 3G c xut khc phc nhng nhc im ca cc mng 2G v 2.5G c bit tc thp v khng tng thch gia cc cng ngh nh TDMA v CDMA gia cc nc. Vo nm 1992, ITU cng b chun IMT-200 (International Mobile Telecommunication-2000) cho h thng 3G vi cc u im chnh c mong i em li bi h thng 3G l: - Cung cp dch v thoi cht lng cao - Cc dch v tin nhn (e-mail, fax, SMS, chat, ...) - Cc dch v a phng tin (xem phim, xem truyn hnh, nghe nhc,...) - Truy nhp Internet (duyt Web, ti ti liu, ...) - S dng chung mt cng ngh thng nht, m bo s tng thch ton cu gia cc h thng. tho mn cc dch v a phng tin cng nh m bo kh nng truy cp Internet bng thng rng, IMT-2000 ha hn cung cp bng thng 2Mbps, nhng thc t trin khai ch ra rng vi bng thng ny vic chuyn giao rt kh, v vy
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ch c cc ngi s dng khng di ng mi c p ng bng thng kt ni ny, cn khi i b bng thng s l 384 Kbps, khi di chuyn bng t s l 144Kbps. Theo c t ca ITU mt cng ngh ton cu s c s dng trong mi h thng IMT-2000, iu ny dn n kh nng tng thch gia cc mng 3G trn ton th gii. Tuy nhin, hin nay trn th gii tn ti hai cng ngh 3G ch o: UMTS (W-CDMA) v CDMA2000. UMTS (W-CDMA) UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone System), da trn cng ngh W-CDMA, l gii php c a chung cho cc nc ang trin khai cc h thng GSM mun chuyn ln 3G. UMTS c h tr bi Lin Minh Chu u v c qun l bi 3GPP (third Generation Partnership Project), t chc chu trch nhim cho cc cng ngh GSM, GPRS. UMTS hot ng bng thng 5MHz, cho php cc cuc gi c th chuyn giao mt cch hon ho gia cc h thng UMTS v GSM c. CDMA2000 Mt chun 3G quan trng khc l CDMA2000, chun ny l s tip ni i vi cc h thng ang s dng cng ngh CDMA trong th h 2. CDMA2000 c qun l bi 3GPP2, mt t chc c lp v tch ri khi 3GPP ca UMTS. CDMA2000 c tc truyn d liu t 144Kbps n Mbps. H thng CDMA2000 khng c kh nng tng thch vi cc h thng GSM hoc D-AMPS ca th h th 2. Hin nay, c nhiu n lc hng n thng nht hai chun ny thnh mt chun chung, nhng thc t th vn ngn cn tin trnh thng nht ny khng n t cc vn k thut cng ngh m ch yu t vn trong cc lnh vc nhy cm nh: kinh t, chnh tr. Cc ch li em li t vic trin khai 3G l khng th chi ci, tuy nhin, cc kh khn trong vic duy tr ngun ngn sch cho trin khai cc h thng ny (chi ph mua quyn s dng bng tn (licese), chi ph trin khai h thng) trong bi cnh suy thoi kinh t th gii cn tr vic trin khai 3G ti nhiu quc gia. Hin ti ch c Nht Bn v Hn Quc trin khai thnh cng cc h thng in thoi di ng th h 3. 8.5 Cc c im cng ngh 4G Trong mc ny, chng ta s xem xt 5 c im c bn, l ng lc cho s pht trin h thng di ng 4G.
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8.5.1 H tr lu lng IP S xut hin ca dch v VoIP cho thy vic truyn thoi c th d dng thc hin qua mng IP chuyn mch gi, mc d vn c kh khn v tr u cui-u cui do trin khai trn c s h tng mng hin ti. Kin trc mng 4G c xy dng vi mc tiu chnh l cung cp dch v IP cht lng cao, kh nng x l lu lng thoi v cc lu lng thi gian thc s ch l mc tiu th yu. Vic cung cp cc dch v c cht lng theo yu cu qua mng v tuyn l mt th thch ln i vi cc h thng 4G. 8.5.2 H tr tnh di ng tt Trong cc h thng 4G, ngi dng s di ng trong mt vng c kch thc ng k v giao tip thng qua cc thit b u cui v tuyn. Ngi dng phi c kh nng lin lc bng mt s nhn dng duy nht. Nh vy, phi c cch nh x t s nhn dng ny thnh mt a ch m cc gi tin c nh tuyn n. Vic nh x a ch ny chc chn phi do ngi dng iu khin v ch ngi dng mi c th thay i a ch ch v iu chnh truy nhp ca ngi gi. Trong trng hp ng truyn t ngun ti ch i qua nhiu vng mng khc nhau th s khng tin li nu nh x ny ch lin h ti mt nh iu hnh mng duy nht. Mng 4G s phi c mt phng tin ph hp nhn dng ngi dng v cho php ngi dng iu khin s nhn dng v thc hin nh x mt cch hiu qu ti mt im ch chung. 8.5.3 H tr nhiu cng ngh v tuyn khc nhau Cc h thng di ng 1G, 2G v 3G s dng ph tn dnh ring cho mng di ng mt t v c cp php bi mt s t cc nh iu hnh mng mi nc. S khng thng nht v thi gian cng nh cch thc cp pht ph tn dn n nhu cu v in thoi a mode c kh nng hot ng nhiu di tn khc nhau. Trong cc h thng 4G, s dng nhiu cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn khc nhau. Xu hng hin nay l s dng ph tn trong bng tn khng cn cp php ISM. Cng ngh Bluetooth (mi c IEEE chun ho thnh tiu chun 802.15.1) c dng nh l cng ngh cho mng c nhn v tuyn WPAN. Tiu chun IEEE 802.11b c dng cho mng ni ht v tuyn WLAN cng di tn ny. Cc cng ngh ny c s dng ngy cng rng ri cung cp cc dch v bng rng cho ngi dng trong khun vin to nh vn phng, trng i hc hoc cc khu trung tm. Ngoi ra cn c cc phin bn mi ca tiu chun ny nh 802.11a hot ng trong di tn 5 GHz v 802.11g hot ng cng di tn vi tiu chun
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802.11b, cho php truyn vi tc ln hn. Nt mng 4G c th thch ng cc kh nng khai thc mt cch hiu qu c cc di tn cn trng. 8.5.4 Khng cn lin kt iu khin Trong m hnh mng GSM, ngi dng phi ng k thu bao vi mng v mng s d theo thu bao khi thu bao di chuyn t vng ny sang vng khc, nhm ti a ho kh nng phc v ca mng. Vic s dng dch v ca mng GSM c o v tnh cc thng qua mng thng tr. Mi hot ng ca trm di ng cng cn phi thng qua mng thng tr. Thm ch khi ngi dng chuyn sang mt vng mi, ngi dng vn c s lin lc vi mng thng tr thit lp ng truyn ti thc th tnh cc trc khi thc hin cuc gi. Hai my u cui GSM khng th lin lc trc tip vi nhau m trc tin chng phi nhn thc vi mng, lin kt vi cc thng tin tnh cc v sau mng s lm trung gian thc hin kt ni gia hai u cui. Ch ny khin cho nh iu hnh phi s dng ph tn, cp bng tn cho tng c nhn, thc hin o khi mi ngi dng truy cp. Trong trng hp ca bng tn ISM th vic hn ch s dng bng tn hon ton khng cn thit. C th lp mng Ad hoc t mt nhm nt, cho php cc nt giao tip trc tip vi nhau, thm ch cc nt c th cng tc vi nhau, chuyn tip lu lng ca nhau. Khi khng c iu hnh mng, s xy ra vn l khi mt nt di ng mun giao tip vi mt nt ngoi di hot ng ca n, th n khng th thc hin c tr khi c mt nt trung gian chuyn tip cc gi tin ti nt hoc ti mng c nh. Nh vy, nu c mt phng tin tnh cc thi gian thc qua mt lin kt th s khng cn quan tm ti vic lin kt vi thc th tnh cc v khi c th chuyn tip lu lng. Phng thc ny c th c s dng trong khu vc dn c tha, cho php cc nt di ng c nhn hot ng nh mt nt chuyn tip gi gia cc nt ngoi di hot ng. Trong vng mt dn c cao hn cng c th s dng phng thc ny khuyn khch cc t chc thit lp cc im truy nhp ti cc khu vc nh khun vin trng i hc hoc cc trung tm bun bn. Cc t chc thc hin cng vic ny s tr thnh cc nh iu hnh ca mng 4G. 8.5.5 H tr bo mt u cui-u cui Tnh bo mt trong cc h thng di ng 2G v 3G c tp trung ch yu vo hai dch v chnh. Th nht, ngi dng di ng phi c mng nhn thc.
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Vic nhn thc ny thng dng li vic lin kt ngi dng vi b phn tnh cc. Khi cc ti khon l ti khon tr trc th b phn tnh cc thng khng lu tr thng tin v ngi dng. Trong trng hp ny s khng c s trao i thng tin nhn thc u cui-u cui gia ngi dng v thc th ngang cp u kia. Dch v bo mt th hai c mng 2G, 3G cung cp l m ha thng tin. V dch v ny khng ngn chn c s tn cng khi dng cc thit b qut nn n khng thay th c vic mt m ho u cui-u cui. Trong mng 4G, cc nt di ng v c nh s tng tc vi nhau khng cn lin h vi iu hnh mng. Cc giao thc v th tc phi c kh nng cho php ngi dng trong cc nt mng ny nhn thc thng tin nhn dng ngi dng v c th kt ni. y chnh l tnh nng bo mt u cui- u cui. 8.6 Cc m hnh khuyn ngh cho 4G Sau y cc m hnh khuyn ngh cho mng 4G ca cc t chc tham gia pht trin mng. 8.6.1 m hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4G ca mobile it forum
Hnh 8.2: M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca mobile it forum
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8.6.2 m hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca mobi dick
Hnh 8.3: M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca mobi dick 8.6.3 m hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca cisco
Hnh 8.4: M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca cisco
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8.7 Mng 4G tng qut Da trn xu th pht trin ca thng tin di ng, mng 4G s c bng thng rng hn, tc d liu cao hn, chuyn giao nhanh hn v khng gin on, v c bit cung cp cc dch v lin tc gia cc h thng v cc mng. Mng 4G s bao gm tt c cc h thng ca cc mng khc nhau, t mng cng cng n mng ring, t mng bng rng c qun tr mng n mng c nhn v cc mng adhoc. Cc h thng 4G s hot ng kt hp vi cc h thng 2G v 3G cng nh cc h thng pht qung b bng rng khc. Thm vo , mng 4G s l mng Internet di ng da trn IP hon ton. Hnh 2.26 cho thy mt lot cc h thng mng 4G s tch hp: v tinh bng rng, mng t ong 2G, mng t ong 3G, mch vng ni ht v tuyn (WLL) v mng c nhn (PAN), dng giao thc IP l giao thc tch hp.
Hnh 8.5: Kt ni lin tc gia cc mng
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8.8 KT LUN H thng v tuyn bng rng 4G trong tng lai s m ra mt phng thc truyn thng mi hon ton da trn IP, em li nhiu tin ch cho ngi s dng. Cc hng vin thng hng u trn th gii ang cng nhau nghin cu a mt tiu chun ton cu cho h thng 4G. Tuy nhin, c th tr thnh nhng h thng thng mi, cn c rt nhiu vn cn nghin cu v th nghim. Ti Vit Nam, cc nh khai thc mng di ng ang gp rt cc mng thng tin di ng 2G, 2,5G ln mng 3G. Do , vic nghin cu h thng ny l rt cn thit, nhm n u cc xu hng cng ngh ca th gii, a vo ng dng ti Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, v khun kh bi bo c hn, nhiu vn khng c a ra y.
Phn 2
Chng 9
Giao Thc v hin trng mng di ng Vit Nam

Giao thc trong Release 4
9.1 Giao thc RTP Giao thc RTP (RFC 1889) cung cp pht audio v video thi gian thc t u cui ti u cui, trn mng IP qua UDP. RTP cung cp vic nhn dng loi payload, nh s tun t v kim tra pht (delivery monitoring). Mi payload c gi i s dng RTP, RTP c nhi thm chc chn n c pht ti CODEC tc chnh xc. RTP c th s dng trong R4 nu lp vn chuyn IP ang c dng, mang gi qua min CS gia nhng MGW (Media GateWay). RTP cng l chn la vn chuyn i vi phng tin thi gian thc R5 trong min IMS 9.1.1 RTP giao din Nb i vi giao din Nb, 3GPP pht biu rng timestamp ca RTP c th b b qua v s h tr ca giao thc iu khin thi gian thc (RTCP) l s chn la MGW. RTP trong trng hp ny ch c s dng tm gn nhng message ca UP cho vn chuyn IP i vi mng R5, RTP c dng iu chnh thi gian t u cui - u cui, v d a phng tin ang c pht gia 1 cp UE.
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Header ca RTP bt u vi s version, n hin ti l 2. PTYPE nh ngha payload (v d G.711, G.723 audio hoc H.263 video).
Bng 9.1: Header ca RTP Mi loi payload nh ngha mt profile, n khng ch nh ngha loi phng tin v CODEC m cn c th ho n chi tit timestamp ca RTP v M. Payload c 2 loi: static v dynamic. Vic ch nh static l s ca RFC, c th 1890. Tn s ng h RTP c a ra trong bng, nh ngha timestamp ca RTP l phi th no ln ln. V th ng h 8kHz, timestamp s c tng ln 125 . Payload dynamic (ng) c ch nh khi phin c to ra s dng mt vi c cu khng b kim sot bi RTP (v d SDP v SIP)
Bng 9.2: RTP payload type assignment 9.1.2 B nhn dng ngun Mi ngun phng tin (media source) trong phin c nh ngha bi mt s duy nht 32bits c gi l b nhn dng ngun. B nhn dng nn c chn ngu nhin gim trng hp 2 trm cng chn mt b nhn dng. Mc d trng hp sung t (chng hn nh 2 trm cng ID) l nh, mi trm cung cp mt vi c cu pht hin s c ca n v a ra bin php cu cha tnh hung. C th, trm pht hin vic pht ca trm khc cng vi b nhn dng ngun, mong mun chn mt b nhn dng mi ngu nhin. Sau n s gi message RTCP BYE ch
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rng n ang kt thc dng media u tin, v sau s dng b nhn dng mi. Trong header ca RTP, 2 loi ca b nhn dng ngun c th hin din, b nhn dng ngun ng b v b nhn dng ngun ng gp (contributing source identifier) 9.1.3 Bo mt vi RTP RFC 1889 cng b rng nhng gi RTP c th c bo mt. K thut yu cu l khi mt m tri buc vic s dng chun bo mt d liu (DES). Gii mt m chnh xc gi c th c xc nh bi nhiu kim tra gi tr header, v d nh kim tra s version l 2 v payload c bit. Khng c c cu trong RTP cho php trao i kho mt m. iu ny s thc hin on iu khin cuc gi/phin ca cuc gi s dng nhng giao thc nh SIP v SDP. 9.1.4 S d tha trong RTP Thm d tha vo RTP cho php mt vi gi RTP m b mt trn ng pht nhng khng mt d liu. nh dng d tha RTP gm payload u tin cng vi nhiu payload th 2. N s dng cho vic pht chng hn nh khng dy ni m tc li c th l cao. 9.2 Giao thc SDP (Session Description Protocol) SDP (RFC 2327) khng thc s l mt giao thc, nhng nh dng chun dng trnh by thng tin phin. Nhng miu t SDP gm loi phin, loi payload RTP, nh thi gian ca phin, s cng gi d liu RTP ti . Nhiu giao thc khc nhau dng SDP trnh by nhng chn la media (phng tin), bao gm BICC, SIP, MGCP v MEGACO. Trng miu t phng tin (media) miu t loi phng tin (video/audio), s dng CODEC v s cng RTP. Trng bng rng a ra yu cu bng rng khong kbit mi giy cho phin, cho php mng tnh ton QoS hoc yu cu tha nhn. SDP thng dng ch offer/response. Trong trng hp ny, trm u tin c th offer thng tin vi nhiu chn la phng tin khc nhau; trm th 2 s respond vi chn la u tin ca n. 9.3 MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol) Giao thc MGCP cho php s phn tch ca chc nng cng trong vic bo hiu iu khin ring v chc nng bin dch phng tin
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Bo hiu cuc gi c tch ri khi d liu phng tin v c gi trc tip ti server MSC. Server MSC s dng bn tin H.248 ch th cho MGW. Cng phng tin cung cp kt ni gia mng IP v mng bn ngoi. S pht trin ca nhng giao thc iu khin phng tin. S pht trin ca giao thc iu khin MGW bt u vi SGCP ( giao thc iu khin cng n). iu ny c pht trin trung tm khm ph Bell
Hnh 9.1: iu khin cng phng tin (media) N hot ng trn UDP v c thit k nhm x l nhng cuc gi thoi. Giao thc tng t khc, IPDC (IP Device Control protocol) c pht trin bi thng tin mc 3 Vo nm 1999 c 2 IPDC v SGCP c hp nht thnh chun mi gi l MGCP. MGCP bin i v m rng tnh hot ng ca c giao thc ny. MGCP, tuy nhin, by gi b th ch bi MEGACO hoc H.248, y l giao thc c lm r trong mng R4 UMTS
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9.4 Giao thc H.248 9.4.1. Lch s pht trin.
Hnh 9.2: Lch s pht trin ca H.248 9.4.1.1 MEGACO v MGCP
Bng 9.3: So snh MEGACO v MGCP
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a) S khc nhau gia MEGACO v MGCP MGCP: Do IETF nh ngha v c s dng rng ri cho cc gii php cp (cable). M hnh kt ni da trn cc im cui v cc kt ni. Cc gi c a vo giao thc chnh. c trin khai nhiu hn v r hn i vi cc GW nh (cc RGW) MEGACO: Do IETF v ITU-T hp tc xy dng. M hnh kt ni da trn cc termination v context. Cc gi c nh ngha trong cc ph lc/RFC rin. Cc lp ng dng ln hn cho hi ngh a bn v cc cuc gi a phng tin. Hiu qu hn v m hn cho cc tin trnh trong tng lai m khng b ph v b) S ging nhau gia MEGACO v MGCP nh ngha giao din gia mt MGC v mt MG. Cho php kin trc tch bit gia vic qun l knh mang v iu khin cuc gi. S dng SDP cho cc kh nng knh mang. H tr m ho dng k t. Phn li nh v kh nng m rng ln thng qua c ch gi. p ng cc yu cu ca TGW, AFW v RGW. Kt lun, v c bn MEGACO v MGCP rt ging nhau (l cc giao thc khc nhau truyn thng tin ging nhau) 9.4.2 Cc thut ng v m hnh kt ni 9.4.2.1 Media Gateway
Hnh 9.3: M t kt ni H.248
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Media Gateway L nh ngha giao din gia mt MGC v mt MG MG truy nhp (AGW): l kt ni in thoi thng thng hoc cc PBX ti mng th h mi MG trung k (TGW): L kt ni cc chuyn mch thuc mng PSTN ti MG truy nhp di ng: cho php cc khc hng ca mng di ng 3G kt ni ti MG trung k di ng: cho php mng di ng 3G kt ni MG bo hiu: chuyn i tn hiu bo hiu s 7 gia mng chuyn mch knh v mng chuyn mch gi. 9.4.2.2 Termination v Context. a) Termination
- Mt Termination c m t bi mt s c tnh. Cc c tnh ny c nhm vo mt Descriptor (m t) trong cc lnh - Cc Termination c th c lp trnh to ra cc tn hiu - Cc Termination c th c lp trnh nhn bit cc s kin (event) - Cc s liu thng k c th c thu thp trong mt Termination v c thng bo cho MGC - C 2 loi Termination: + Cc Termination vt l (Cc Termination bn c nh): Cc Termination ny c MGC chn v tn ti mt cch bn c nh. V d, mt Termination th hin mt knh TDM c th tn ti trong MG cho n khi n b xo. + Cc Termination tm thi: Cc Termination ny c MG chn. V d cc dng thng tin nh dng RTP ch tn ti trong thi gian n c s dng
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b) Context
- Mt context th hin mt mi lin h gia mt s termination. MGC v MG s dng context thit lp, duy tr v gii phng cc cuc gi VoIP - Cc context c nhn dng bi context_ID. Ga tr ny c MG n nh v l duy nht trong MG - Mt context m t cu trc ca mt phin ti mc gateway. Cu trc ny nh ngha cc mi lin h gia cc termination lin quan n nhau trong context.
Hnh 9.4: V tr ca RTP 9.4.2.3 c tnh, s kin, tn hiu v thng k a) c tnh V d v cc c tnh: - Ti mc Termination (i vi cc knh TDM): Thay i trng thi iu khin ting vng (bt/tt), kch thc b m Jitter ln nht - Ti mc MG: S lng context ti a, s lng termination ti a trong mt context
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b) S kin - Cc s kin c th c nhn ra trong cc Termination tu thuc vo loi termination - Cc termination ng dy analog h tr cc s kin sau: Nhc my, gc my, cc s a tn v cc tn hiu chuyn i thu bao nhc my hay gc my - Mt s s kin khc c th c MG thng bo cho MGC: net/qualert , MG thng bo v cht lng mng b suy gim; rtp/pltrans, MG thng bo v vic chuyn i khun dng ca RTP c) Tn hiu - Cc tn hiu c th c p dng cho cc Termination tu thuc vo loi termination - Cc tn hiu tone c to ra trn cc knh audio - Cc termination ng dy analog h tr cc tn hiu i vi cc tn hiu tone khc nhau: Dial Tone dt (0x0030) Ringing Tone rt (0x0031) Busy Tone bt (0x0032) Congestion Tone ct (0x0033) Special Information Tone sit (0x0034) (Recording) Warning Tone wt (0x0035) Payphone Recognition Tone prt (0x0036) Call Waiting Tone cw (0x0037) Caller Waiting Tone cr (0x0038) d) Thng k V d v cc s liu thng k c thng bo cho MGC i vi cc termination TDM v RTP: - Duration: cho bit khong thi gian m termination tn ti trong context - S lng octet gi v nhn - S lng cc gi RTP gi v nhn - Tr truyn dn gi RTP 9.4.2.4 nh ngha Lnh H.248 cung cp cc lnh iu khin cc context, termination, c tnh, s kin, tn hiu v s liu thng k.
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- Cc lnh thm cc Termination vo mt context, thay i cc termination, loi b cc termination khi mt context v kim tra cc c tnh ca cc context hay cc termination - Cc lnh cng c s dng gim st cc c tnh ca cc context v cc termination (v d: xc nh cc s kin trong mt termination phi thng bo cho MGC, cc tn hiu/hnh ng c p dng cho mt terminaiton) - a s cc lnh c MGC khi to v MG phi tr li cc lnh ny. Trng hp ngoi l l cc lnh Notify v ServiceChange: Lnh Notify c MG gi cho MGC v lnh ServiceChange c th c MG hay MGC gi. + Add: Lnh add thm mt termination vo mt context. Lnh Add trn termination u tin trong mt context c s dng to ra context + Modify: Lnh Modify thay i c tnh, cc s kin v cc tn hiu ca mt termination + Subtract: Lnh Subtract xo mt termination khi context v gi tr cc s liu thng k ca bn tham gia vo termination ny trong context. Lnh Subtract trn termination cui cng trong mt context s xo context ny. + Move: Lnh Move c s dng chuyn mt termination ti mt context khc. + AuditValue: Lnh AuditValue gi tr trng thi hin ti ca cc c tnh, cc s kin, cc tn hiu v cc s liu thng k ca cc termination. + Notify: Lnh Notify cho php MG thng bo cho MGC v cc s kin xut hin trong MG + ServiceChange: Lnh ServiceChange c th c gi bi MGC hay MG 9.4.2.5 Bn tin, giao dch, hnh ng - Cc bn tin H.248 gia MGC v MG c trao i thng qua cc bn tin UDP v c truyn ti qua IP - Mi bn tin c th bao gm mt tp cc giao dch (Transaction) - Cc lnh H.248 c nhm vo cc giao dch + TransactionRequest (giao dch yu cu) mng mt hay nhiu lnh H.248 + TransactionReply (giao dch p ng) mang mt hay nhiu p ng H.248 - Trong mt giao dch, cc lnh hot ng trong mt context n c nhm vo trong mt hnh ng.
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Hnh 9.5: Mi quan h gia bn tin v giao dch
Hnh 9.6: Mi quan h gia giao dch, context v lnh 9.4.2.6 Gi - Cc loi gateway khc nhau c th thc thi cc termination vi cc c tnh khc nhau. H.248 cho php c cc bin i trong cc termination bng cch cho php
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cc termination c cc c tnh, cc s kin, cc tn hiu v cc s liu thng k tu chn. Cc tu chn ny c thc thi bi cc MG. - t c kh nng lin kt hot ng gia MG/MGC, cc c tnh nh trn c nhm vo trong cc gi v thng thng mt termination h tr mt tp cc gi. MGC c th kim tra mt termination quyt nh cc gi m n h tr. Cc c tnh, s kin, tn hiu v s liu thng k cng nh l cc tham s ca chng nh ngha trong cc gi c tham chiu n thng qua cc nhn dng (ID). h tr mt gi ngoi l th MG phi h tr tt c cc c tnh, cc tn hiu, cc s kin v cc s liu thng k c nh ngha trong gi ny. MG cng c th h tr mt tp gi tr con c lit k trong mt gi i vi mt c tnh hay tham s ring. - Trong ng dng lp 4, iu khin Gateway trung k th phi h tr cc gi sau: + Cc gi chung/c s + Cc gi mng/RTP + Cc gi knh TDM + Cc gi to Tone 9.4.2.7 M t
Hnh 9.7: Cc m t M t phng tin [M t TerminationState] [M t Stream ] [M t LocalControl]

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[M t Local] [M t Remote] 9.4.3 Chi tit v cc lnh 9.4.3.1 ADD ADD (TerminationID [, MediaDescriptor] [, EventsDescriptor] [, EventBufferDescriptor] [, SignalsDescriptor] [, AuditDescriptor] )
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V d v lnh ADD
9.4.3.2 MODIFY MODIFY (TerminationID [, MediaDescriptor] [, EventsDescriptor] [, EventsBufferDescriptor] [, SignalsDescriptor] [, AuditDescriptor] )
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V d lnh MODIFY
9.4.3.3 SUBTRACT SUBTRACT (TerminationID [, AuditDescriptor] )
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V d v lnh SUBTRACT
9.4.3.4 MOVE MOVE (TerminationID [, MediaDescriptor] [, EventsDescriptor] [, EvenBufferDescriptor] [, SignalsDescriptor] [, AuditDescriptor] ))
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9.4.3.5 SERVICECHANGE ServiceChange (TerminationID, ServiceChangeDescriptor )
9.4.3.6 NOTIFY
9.4.4 Cc kch bn 9.4.4.1 Khi to MG (khi ng lnh) - Th t i gia MG v MGC c thc hin nh sau: + MGC i lnh ServiceChange t MG + Khi nhn c lnh ServiceChange t MG th MGC tr li thng qua mt p ng ServiceChange. - Cc trng hp khi to khc nhau:
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+ Trng hp thng thng (MGC s cp) + Khng c p ng t MGC s cp + Khng c p ng t MGC s cp hay th cp Khi to MG, trng hp thng thng
Khi to MG, khng c p ng t MGC s cp
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9.4.4.2 Thit lp cuc gi
9.4.4.3 Gii phng cuc gi: kch bn 1, kch bn 2, kch bn 3
9.4.4.4 Kim tra gi tr_AuditValue
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9.5 BICC (Bearer-Independent Call Control) c im ca giao thc BICC l: + Tng thch v da vo giao thc ISUP + Dung lng cuc gi thoi/d liu (nhng khng c c im a phng tin c bit) + c lp vi k thut mng di (v th nn c lp vt mang) + H tr m ho tandem-free ca cuc gi di ng Khi BICC l c lp- vt mang, n yu cu 1 c cu thit lp nhiu vt mang qua mng. ITU-T cung cp nhiu tin c chy BICC trn ATM v IP. L o tng, tuy nhin, mc tiu di hn l phi s dng BICC cho mng IP vi ATM ang c cung cp nh l gii php tp thi. S pht trin BICC bt u vi CS1 (Capability Set 1). CS1 l s chn la vn chuyn duy nht c sn trong ATM. Trong trng hp ny, nh khai thc mng c th chuyn mng ca h t gii php TDM truyn thng ti s dng ATM, cho php vn chuyn thi gian thc trn AAL1 hoc AAL2. Node CS2 cua BICC phi cung cp tt c dch v b sung ISUP (cuc gi hng ti busy) cng nh thit lp vt mang c s. CS2 cho php la chn vt mang phi tnh n IP. Hnh 2.5 ch ra biu kin trc BICC. Ch BICC , ging nh MEGACO, chia iu khin mng thnh iu khin cuc gi v iu khin chuyn mch hoc vt mang. Chc nng dch v cuc gi c t server MSC thc hin nhng chc nng sau: iu khin cuc gi, giao din ti mng ISUP, giao din ti mng vt mang hng nhng yu cu s dng BICC, giao din ti chc nng iu khin vt mang (BCF) yu cu nhiu vt mang c thit lp. Chc nng nh hng ln nhau ca vt mang (BIWF, tng ng vi MGW ca UMTS) thc hin bin dch gia 2 mng khc nhau, v d gia TDM v ATM hoc ATM v IP. Chc nng cung cp BIWF gm: giao din vi UP (user plane), bin dch CODEC, thit lp vt mang v tear down. BCF cung cp bo hiu yu cu thit lp vt mang mi. CSF iu khin BCF, yu cu thit lp vt mang v tng tc ln nhau gia chng s dng giao thc BICC
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Hnh 9.8:
Kin trc ca BICC
9.6 Giao thc SIGTRAN Truyn bo hiu (sigtran) c a ra bng ti liu bi IETF di dng RFC 2719. N nh ngha kin trc cho vic vn chuyn nhng gi bo hiu trn mng IP cn c trn mng chuyn mch knh (SCN). N c thit k h tr nhng bn tin bo hiu hin ti, nh nhng ci c dng SS7, trong sut. Trong mng R4 UMTS c li IP, sigtran c dng h tr nhng bn tin BICC ngang qua mng li gia nhng server MSC. Trn thc t, i vi R4 3 s chn la cho vn chuyn SS7 l: MTP quy c( MTP1- lp vt l, MTP2-lp lin kt d liu, MTP3-lp mng), AAL5/ATM v sigtran. Khi nhiu mng d liu xy dng c h tr IP, c th s dng nhng mng ny mang lu lng thoi vi bo hiu SS7 tr ln hp dn. cung cp c cu vn chuyn, 2 lp tng cng c yu cu, lp thch ng ngi dng MTP3 (M3UA) v giao thc pht iu khin chui (SCTP; RFC 2960) 9.7 Tng kt Trong R4 ca UMTS, kin trc li ca mng tin trin t k thut GSM TDM ti mng li chuyn mch gi s dng IP hoc ATM. R4 cng gii thiu vic s dng kin trc chuyn mch mm, ni m iu khin cuc gi v vt mang c tch bit. N khng ch ci tin m rng cp v s ng tin cy m cn cho php h tr iu khin chui a phng tin thng qua vic s dng nhng giao thc nh MEGACO v SDP. R4 l bc quan trng trong s pht trin UMTS s dng IP cho tt c s vn chuyn (R5 v beyond)
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Chng 10 Giao thc trong Release 5

10.1 Giao thc SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) SIP, c nh ngha bi RFC 3261, c thit k cho php nhng phin a phng tin c thit lp gia nhng ngi dng trn mng IP. Cng nh iu khin cuc gi, RFC SIP h tr nhng chc nng nh tnh di ng ngi dng v s nh hng mi cuc gi. Nhng loi dch v sau c h tr: thit lp cuc gi a phng tin, tnh di ng ngi dng, cuc gi hi ngh, dch v b sung (call hold, call redirect, ), nhn thc v thanh ton, truyn thng thng nht, truyn thng khn cp v pht hin s hin din ngi dng ch li ca SIP khi di chuyn ti kin trc tt c IP l nh sau: - Bo hiu SIP u cui - ti - u cui gia ngi dng IP di ng v ng dy c nh. - Server SIP internet c th cung cp nhng dch v gi tr gia tng ti ngi dng di ng - SIP c thit k nh mt giao thc IP, do n tch hp tt vi nhng giao thc IP v nhng dch khc - SIP l t quan trng v d dng thc hin 10.1.1 nh a ch SIP Nhng ngi dng SIP c t qua b ch th ti nguyn khng i SIP (URIs). y l mt vi v d ca URIs SIP: Sip: icurtis@orbitage.com Sip: +447789005240@wcom.com; user = phone Trong trng hp u tin, a ch SIP nh ngha ngi dng kt ni ti internet; trng hp th 2, s in thoi c gi i v ngi dng phi c lin lc qua cng PSTN. i vi nhng thu bao UMTS, vic nhn dng IP ca thu bao ( l a ch SIP) c cha trong ISIM (module ng dng nhn dng thu bao h thng a phng tin internet)ca thu bao. iu ny l ng dng trn UICC (Universal Integrated Circuit Card), nh l USIM (UMTS SIM). i vi UE khng c ng dng ISIM, a ch SIP (hoc nhn dng cng cng) c th bt ngun nh sau: Sip: IMSI number @MNC.MCC.IMSI.3gppnetwork.org MNC l m mng di ng (4 v 5 s IMSI) v MCC l m nc di ng (l 3 s u tin ca IMSI). S sp xp trt t ny khin cho n c th l ng c cho min
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DNS b qun l bi nh nc v nh khai thc, rt d dng t ngi dng trn mng di ng, ch cn a ra IMSI ca chng. V d ch ra a ch SIP IMSIderived: Sip: 234150999999999@15.234.IMSI.3gppnetwork.org Loi a ch SIP ny ch c dng trong IMS, tc l gia CSCF v HLR, v khng c dng bn ngoi. Trong trng hp ny, s nc danh xut hin IMSI phi c dn xp mt cht, v s nhn dng cng cng tm thi phi c dng cho tt c s ng k gia UE v S-CSCF. Tuy nhin s nhn dng ny c d private bn trong mng ca nh khai thc, khi lin kt GPRS cung cp s bo mt lp lin kt v tt c nhng kt ni khc trong IMS c bo v khi s dng IPSec 10.1.2 Nhng thnh phn SIP Hnh 3.1.2 ch ra kin trc thnh phn c s cho mng SIP. Server SIP chu trch nhim gip thit lp cuc gi v qun l di ng, nhng SIP cng cho php nhng ngi dng thc hin thit lp cuc gi trc tip vi nhau khng cn server dch dng vo. Mt vi server SIP (proxy v redirect) c th l stateless. y l c tnh mong mun khi chia mng thnh nhng node ln.
Hnh 10.1: Kin trc thnh phn SIP 10.1.2.1 UA (User Agent) UA to ra hoc chp nhn nhng cuc gi vi t cch l i din cho ngi dng SIP. Ngi dng SIP c th l mt ngi thc t hoc ng dng trn server. UA hon thnh bo hiu cuc gi SIP v thc hin vai tr giao din ti mng SIP.
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UA c th thc hin vai tr UA server (UAS) hoc UA client (UAC). UAS x l nhng yu cu SIP n (thit lp cuc gi) v pht nhng cu tr li tng ng (accept, reject, busy). UAC pht nhng yu cu vi t cch i din cho ngi dng SIP. i vi mng UMTS mi UE s cha mt UA x l nhng cuc gi ngi dng. Mt loi server khc s thc hin vai tr UA l dch v mail voice/video, n s chp nhn nhng cuc gi m b redirect khi UE tt my hoc bn 10.1.2.2 Proxy Server Proxy SIP hng nhng yu cu vi t cch l i din cho tc nhn SIP. Proxy SIP c th chp li bn tin SIP trc khi forward n ti v tr chnh xc ca n. i vi nhng cuc gi n, proxy s thm vn dch v location xc nh phi forward cuc gi th no. Proxy c th c cu hnh cung cp iu khin nhn thc v thc hin vai tr l im iu khin gia mng private bn trong v mng public bn ngoi 10.1.2.3 Registrar server Registrar server cho php SIP agent (tc nhn SIP) ng k v ch hin ti ca chng. Trong 3G, thng tin v tr gm a ch IP ch UE c phn cng trong khi thit lp context PDP, ID cell UTRAN ca trm v nhn dng P-CSCF. Registrar chu trch nhim d thng tin update hng ngy vo location service (nh v or v tr) bng (up-to-date) vic gi nhng update 10.1.2.4 Redirect server Redirect server p ng (tr li) yu cu UA bng p ng redirection ch ra v tr hin thi ca bn c gi. Trong trng hp ny UA phi thit lp cuc gi mi ti v tr c c bit. 10.1.2.5 Location service Redirect hoc proxy server s dng location service nhm thu c thng tin v ni ca ngi dng. Location service c th c t chung vi nhng server SIP khc 10.1.3 SIP messages (Nhng bn tin SIP) SIP c s thc hin tt c chc nng ca n bng 6 loi bn tin c bn c gi l gii php (methods), c nh ngha trong RFC 3261. INVITE v ACK c dng cho vic thit lp cuc gi SIP c s. INVITE bt u cuc gi v ACK l by t cu tr li cui cng cho INVITE u tin.
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BYE dng kt thc khi mt bn gc my. CANCEL c dng kt thc cuc gi ang c thit lp. REGISTER c s dng bi UA nhm ch ra v tr ca chng v sn sng ti registrar server. S ng k s xut hin trn s khi u UA ngay khi ngi dng di chuyn ti mt min mng khc (v d nh khi roaming vo mt mng khc). OPTIONS cho php UA xc nh c kh nng (v d, CODEC no c dng) ca UA ang c gi hay proxy server. Yu cu INFO mang bo hiu thnh cu nhng khng nh hng trng thi ca cuc gi SIP. PRACK (provisional acknowledgement) l mt bn tin khng mong i cho php nhng message tr li tm thi c tha nhn. bn tin 1xx l ch khng ng tin cy (ng rng, UA c gi ang cnh bo ngi dng) UPDATE cho php thay i thng tin phng tin xung quanh phin trc khi n c thit lp. N c dng biu l nhng tham s QoS c thng lng vi phin. Bng 10.1: Nhng gii php SIP
Bn tin REFER dng ch th cho UA thit lp phin vi bn th 3. N h tr nhng dch v b sung khc chng hn nh dch chuyn cuc gi hoc hi ngh SUBSCRIBE v NOTIFY h tr khai bao s kin. Nhng s kin c th c dng, nh biu th email mi n hoc UA SIP ang sn sng sau khi busy. Bn tin SUBSCRIBE c gi bi UA ti mt UA khc; phm vi yu cu l mt
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chui nhng s kin m ngi gi mun c thng bo. Bn tin NOTIFY dng biu th s xy ra s kin ti UA ang lng nghe. MESSAGE dng h tr truyn thng ngay lp tc. N cho php bn tin ngn c gi t UA ti UA khng yu cu thit lp phin. Bn tin c a ra dng multi-part MIME (ging email) v c th cha a phng tin khi attachment. Bn tin khn cp trong SIP c th c pht trc tip ti ch ca chng hoc qua message relay. 10.1.4 SIP responses Phn t SIP tr li vi yu cu vi phm vi code tr li c t chc thnh 6 lp Tr li tm thi 1xx hoc tin tcc gi tr li khi yu cu c nhn v ang c x l nhm ch ra mt vi ci lin quan chui cuc gi. Tt c nhng code khc (2xx 6xx) iu coi nh l code tr li cui cng v ng kt thc gii quyt Bng 10.2: Nhng lp code tr li ca SIP
10.1.5 Conferencing with SIP Hi ngh l ni m nhiu bn c th tham gia cng cuc gi, by gi n l mt c im chung ca h thng thng tin audio v a phng tin. SIP h tr 3 ch khc nhau ca hi ngh: meet-me, interactive broadcast v ad hoc. Hi ngh meet-me bao gm tt c phng tin (media) ang c chn vi nhau s dng central server c gi l cu hi ngh. Mi ngi dng c a ln thi gian biu thng tin vi cu hi ngh hoc n v a hi ngh (MCU Multi-Conference Unit). Hi ngh interactive broadcast, cu hi ngh cng c dng nhng phng tin c trn c gi ti a ch a sc thi thay v n sc thi, ti mi ngi tham gia mt cch ln lt. iu ny cho php 2 kiu ngi tham ra hi ngh:
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passive, ngi ch nhn phng tin (nh, nghe v xem); active, ngi gi cng nh nhn. Bo hiu SIP ch b yu cu cho ngi tham gia active. Cui cng, hi ngh ad hoc, hi ngh im - ti - im c m rng ra bng mt chui nhng INVITE.
Chng 11 Hin trng mng di ng Vit Nam

11.1 Hin trng cng ngh CDMA, GSM v WiMax trn th gii 11.1.1 CDMA
Vo nhng nm cui ca th k XX, s xut hin ca cng ngh CDMA c nhiu ngi tin tng l mt cng ngh hin i, tin tin thay th cho cng ngh GSM chm chp (9 kbps), vn ch c th ng dng dch v thoi. T con s 0, th phn ca CDMA nhanh chng chim n khong 15% th trng th gii vi hng trm triu thu bao. V mt cng ngh, GSM l mt gii thut bao gm 2 gii thut ghp li (FDMA v TDMA) nn ng nhin l tn s s dng hiu qu hn, s lng ngi dng cng mt thi im nhiu hn, v s c nghn mng cng c gim thiu? Con ng nng cp h tng mng 2G ca CDMA ln cng ngh 3G kh d dng (CDMA2000 1xEV-DO vi tc ti xung 2,4 Mbps), trong khi h tng mng 2G GSM cn phi thay i rt nhiu (i lin vi vn u t ln) mi ln c th h 3G WCDMA (xem S cc thit b cn u t tin ln 3G). Vi ho quang ny, nh cung cp dch v mng GSM hng u ca M l Cingular (sau ny thnh AT&T) nm 2002 cng tng a ra tuyn b s hp tc vi Nortel chuyn sang mng CDMA. Mc d khng thnh hin thc nhng tnh cho ti thi im 11/2007 c gn 50 nh khai thc GSM cc quc gia khc chuyn qua CDMA
Tri qua 5 nm trin khai, con ng CDMA ch tin thm c mt bc l ln cng ngh 1xEV-DO Rev.A vi tc truyn d liu tng ln 3,1 Mbps. Cc nghin cu nng cp CDMA ln 1xEV-DO Rev.B (3,5G), Rev.C (pre 4G)? hin ti vn "dm chn" trong phng th nghim ca Qualcomm v 3GPP2, cng ty v t chc chuyn nghin cu, pht trin CDMA. Vy cu hi t ra l liu con ng ca CDMA c hn l ang i vo ng ct? Thc ra hin nay nhu cu ca ngi dng v nhng ng dng tc cao vn cha ln, vi hn 270 nh khai thc CDMA trn 99 quc gia hin nay, cng ngh 3G EVDO Rev.A vn l mt ci ch va tm (mi ch c 14 mng v 32 mng ang trin khai). Do vy, cc mng CDMA vn cn nhiu dch v khai thc trong thi gian gn v ch i cc nh nghin cu ca Qualcomm a cc cng ngh 3,5G, 4G ca CDMA vo thc t.
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11.1.2 GSM Xut hin u tin trn th gii vo u nhng nm 90 do Vin Tiu chun Vin thng chu u (ETSI) v sau ny l t chc 3GPP hu thun. Mc d dung lng v tc khng cao so vi CDMA, nhng vi tnh m v tnh tiu chun ha cao ca GSM gip n d dng trin khai trn mi quc gia, d dng tng thch vi nhiu nh cung cp t thit b tng i cho n in thoi. Sau mt thi gian di, GSM tm ra cho mnh con ng pht trin ring, cng ngh 3,5G u tin trn th gii l HSDPA c trin khai ti M vo cui nm 2005. Vi tc ln n 14,4 Mbps, HSDPA thc s tha mn nhu cu khch hng v tc bng rng cho bt c dch v di ng no: in thoi c hnh, xem tivi trc tuyn, ti phim, ti nhc, online v.v. Nh vy cng ngh GSM ang c cp nht dn ln W-CDMA (3G), HSDPA (3,5G)... GSM hin nay ang p o th trng vi hn 2,5 t thu bao, chim 85% th phn th gii (12/2007, ngun thng co bo ch GSMA ti cuc hp 3G va qua c t chc ti Vit Nam). Nhm tha mn nhu cu cng tng ca khch hng, v khng th ch i th nghim lu hn na, mt s nh cung cp CDMA ti cc th trng pht trin phi thay i theo 2 hng: hoc t b CDMA nhy hn qua con ng GSM vi cng ngh HSDPA (hng Telstra ca c), hoc i song song c hai (3 nh khai thc Hn quc: KTF, SK-Telecom, LG-Telecom). 11.1.3 WiMAX c pht trin bi mt t chc khng phi vin thng l IEEE (Vin k s in - in t), WiMAX c xem nh l mt gii php khc tin ln 4G. Tuy c nh gi cao nhng cng ngh v cc trin khai trong thc t ca WiMAX cng cha mang li tnh kh thi cao v kh nng di ng. Mc d cc ng dng c nh (cung cp kt ni Internet tc cao, in thoi VoIP?) c th nghim kh tt mt s th trng, nhng khng thc s kh thi vi s di ng (v d in thoi di ng) tung ra th trng. Ngy 19/10/2007 ti Geneva, vi vic t chc Lin minh Vin thng Quc t ITU (thuc Lin hip quc) chp thun WiMAX vo b cc tiu chun cng ngh vin thng 3G ton cu (IMT-2000), tha nhn kh nng ng dng WiMAX vo thit b di ng. Trong tng lai, vi nhng ci tin v cng ngh WiMAX mi tr thnh chun cho h thng thng tin di ng th h th 4 11.2 Tnh hnh ti Vit Nam
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Ngnh vin thng Vit Nam hin nay v ang tin bc trn c 3 con ng GSM, CDMA, WiMAX. Trong thi gian ti, ngoi vic ph thuc vo tnh kh thi ca cc cng ngh 3,5G, tin-4G ca cc t chc th gii, vn tip theo ca cc nh khai thc hin nay l di tn s.
Hnh 11.1: Xu hng pht trin cc chun vin thng Mun nng cp ln th h mi cao hn, tt c cc nh khai thc u cn bng tn mi trin khai (Cc cng ngh 3,5G nh HSDPA, EV-DO Rev.B u cn bng thng t 5 MHz n 20 MHz, trong khi bng thng cc doanh nghip c cp hin ti thng thng ch 8 MHz). u nm 2008 B Thng tin v Truyn thng t chc thi tuyn di tn (1,9 - 2,1)Ghz ca 3G v ch cp 4 giy php cho 4 nh vin thng. Tham ra thi tuyn c 7 nh vin thng (MobiFone, Vinaphone, Viettel, S-Fone (SPT), EVN Telecom (E-Mobile), Hanoi Telecom (HT-Mobile) v c GTEL (thuc b cng an)), 3 nh cung cp GSM l Viettel, MobiFone, Vinaphone vi th phn ln, thun li v ci tin cng ngh do 3 giy php 3G kh tut khi tay h, giy php cui dnh cho mt trong 4 nh cung cp cn li. 3 nh cung cp cn li khng c giy php s i mt vi kh khn v tng s lng thu bo, tng lai s xt nhp vi cc nh vin thng 3G Nh vy, bi m B Thng tin & Truyn thng a ra thi tuyn nn hng n nhng tiu ch nh kinh nghim khai thc, nng lc ti chnh, s lng khch hng, knh phn phi v i ng nhn lc tt nhng nh khai thc ny c
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th sm trin khai cung cp dch v ngay sau khi nhn c giy php. Trn thc t hin nay, nhiu doanh nghip ly giy php nh "vt trang sc" nh bng thng hiu doanh nghip gy lng ph ti nguyn tn s quc gia. Nu c cp php 3G, Nhiu dch v tin ch s c trin khai ngay lp tc nh xem phim, nghe nhc trc tuyn, Internet qua mobile, thng mi in t kch cu khch hng s dng cc dch v d liu nhiu hn. y cng s l chin lc pht trin ca nh khai thc trong tng lai tip tc gi v tr dn u trn th trng thng tin di ng Vit Nam. Vit Nam hin l th trng vin thng pht trin nhanh th 2 khu vc ASEAN vi khong trn 40 triu ngi s dng in thoi v 17% dn s s dng Internet. Theo kho st ca Cng ty nghin cu th trng GFK Vit Nam, doanh s ca th trng vin thng - cng ngh thng tin v in t Vit Nam s t khong 3,5 t USD trong nm nay v t 6 n 7 t USD vo nm 2010. 11.3 Tnh hnh chun b ln 3G ca cc nh khai thc vin thng Vit Nam MobiFone Nhm p li s tin tng ca khch hng i, MobiFone t k hoch cho nm 2008 vi t l rt mch t 1,2%, t l thit lp thnh cng cuc gi t 96%; mc phc v nhn cng ca tr li khch hng 81% trong vng 60 giy; ca h thng l 90%; h s thu bao ri mng t 45%; s khiu ni c c s/100 khch hng: 0,25 khiu ni/qu, vt qua yu cu v cht lng tiu chun ca ngnh. MobiFone tip tc u t m rng vng ph sng, cp nht cng ngh i i vi tng cng ti u ha v nng cao cht lng mng li, nhm cung cp cho khch hng nhng dch v tt nht ti tt c cc tnh thnh ph v th x trong c nc, tp trung nng cao cht lng dch v ti cc im c s lng, tc pht trin thu bao ln nh cc thnh ph th x ln, cc trc ng quc l chnh, cc khu cng nghip, khu thng mi ln,...
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Hnh 11.2: Mng GPRS ca MobiFone D kin, trong nm 2008, mng MobiFone s c thm 6.000 trm, nng tng s trm ln gn 10.000 trm vo cui nm 2008. Trong thi gian ti, MobiFone s ng dng v trin khai cng ngh mi, dch v mi trn mng, trin khai NGN Core, EDGE v UMTS IMT2000 v cc cng ngh h tr tc cao trn mng di ng nh HSDPA; tp trung thi tuyn xin cp giy php thit lp v cung cp dch v vin thng theo chun cng ngh di ng 3G. Mng di ng S-Fonev EVN Telecom vi cng ngh CDMA trn di tn 450MHz (di tn khc bit), s gp nhiu kh khn khi tm ngun cung cp in thoi, cng nh kh nng roaming ca cc thu bao khi ra nc ngoi s nh hng n vic kinh doanh. Nhiu chuyn gia tin on. EVN Telecom Trong gn 2 nm chnh thc i vo hot ng th t c 2 triu thu bao, trong khi trn th gii c hn 10 triu thu bao CDMA. EVN Telecom l
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ngi tin phong trong lnh vc in thoi c nh khng dy (l hi t gia in thoi di ng v c nh), ngy 2/4/2007 EVN c 1 triu thu bao, v n by gi c 2 triu thu bao ( 1,3 triu thu bao l in thoi c nh khng dy ECom) Hin nay, bng tn 450MHz m EVN c cp b can nhiu bi rt nhiu thit b pht sng khc. Thm ch ti mt s tnh mng di ng ca cng ty b t lit v can nhiu nng nh Hi Phng, H Ty, Lai Chu.vic can nhiu ny khin cht lng dch v b nh hng rt ln, c bit ti cc trung tm th, khin EVN Telecom gn nh phi chuyn hng sang th trng nng thn bng dch v v tuyn c nh. vng su vng xa, hi o, ven bin th EVN Telecom li rt mnh, v vng ph sng rng hn rt nhiu ln so vi cc mng vin thng khc (1 trm BTS CDMA 450MHz ca EVN ph sng trn 40km, gp 3 ln trm BTS ca GSM). Do , cng tc thng tin lin lc, thng bo d phng hay lin lc trc thit tai, hay cng tc khc phc thin tai s t hiu qu ng k. Vic ph th tng Nguyn Sinh Hng s dng cc dch v vin thng ca EVN trong nhng ln ch huy chng bo l, chng t kh nng phc v ca EVN nhng vng c bit ny. Vinaphone nhng bc tin ln 3G (GSM/GPRS/WCDMA) L trnh cng ngh v cc bc trin khai c th: Pha 1: Pht trin GPRS v chun b mng li IP ca Vinaphone (2003) - GPRS c Vinaphone trin khai chnh thc t 1/7/2004 - Do nhu cu cha ln nn hin nay GPRS mi trin khai mt s thnh ph ln nh: H Ni, TP HCM, Nng, ng Nai, Vng Tu, Hu - Trong nm 2005, Vinaphone GPRS s trin khai trn ton quc Trin khai cng ngh EGPRS (EDGE) trn mng Vinaphone - EGPRS ph hp v mt gi c cc dch v v ng dng trn con ng tin ti mng 3G - Tng tc d liu, nng cao cht lng, s dng hiu qu ph tn hn - EGPRS s dng phng thc iu ch kha dch pha 8 mc (8-PSK) cho php truyn tc bit cao gp 3 ln GMSK s dng trong GSM v GPRS Pha 2: W-CDMA - Ton b mng 3G s dng chuyn mch gi IP Gii php hng ERICSSON Bc 1: Kt hp GPRS vo mng GSM hin ti
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+ Mng cn trin khai lp t thm hai nt mng mi l SGSN v GGSN + Cc b iu khin trm gc BSC yu cu mt khi HW mi gi l khi iu khin gi PCU (Packet Control Unit) Bc 2: Trin khai mng UMTS + Cc trm mi a vo l cc Node B (Node B Universal BTS), c ni vi mng di ng qua cc RNC (Radio Network Controller) + MSC v SGSN thay i thch ng vi mng UMTS v gi l MSCu v SGSNu Bc 3: Mng li c s IP Bc 4: Mng c s IP + Cc thnh phn mng GSM c loi b, ch cn cc BTS c iu khin bi cc BSC Server thng qua mng IP
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Ch vit tt
A
3GPP AAL AGW AMPS AN ARFCN AS AuC ATM Third Generation Partnership ATM Adaptation Layer Access GateWay Advace Mobile Phone System Access Network Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number Application Server Authentication Centre Asynchronous Transfer Mode
B
BG BCF BGCF BICC BIWF BPSK BSS BSC BSSGP BTS Border Gateway Base Control Function Breakout Gateway Control Function Bearer Independent Call Control Bearer IWF Binary Phase Shift Keying Base Station System Base Station Controller Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol Base Transceiver Station
C
CAMEL CCH CCU CDR CDMA CN CPCH CS Customised Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic Control Channel Channel Codec Unit Call Detail Record Code Division Multiple Access Core Network Common Packet Channel Circuit Switch
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CSCF CRNC
Call Session Control Function Controlling Radio Network Controller
D
DAB DCF DCH Diff-serv DHCP DNS DPCH DRNC DSSS DVB Digital Audio Broadcast Distributed Coordination Function Dedicated Channel Differentiated Service Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Domain Name Service Dedicated Physical Channel Drift Radio Network Control Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Digital Video Broadcast
E
EDGE EC ECSD EGPRS EIR ETSI Enhanced Data rates for Global/GSM Evolution European Commision Enhanced Circuit Switched Data Enhanced GPRS Equiptment Identity Register European Telecommunication Standards Institute
F
FACH FDD FDMA FH FR FTP Frequency Access Channel Frequency Division Duplex Frequency Division Multiple Access Frequency Hopping Frame Relay File Transfer Protocol
G
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
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GERAN GMSC GMSK GPRS GRX GSM GTP
GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network Gateway MSC Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying General Packe Radio Service GPRS Roaming eXchange Global System for Mobile Communication GPRS Tunnelling Protocol
H
HDLC HLR HR HSS HTTP High Level Data Link Control Home Location Register Half Rate Home Subscriber Server Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
I
ICMP ID IEEE IETF IMEI IMS IMSI IMT-2000 IPv6 IPDC ISDN ISUP ISP ITU IWF Internet Control Message Protocol Identifier Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Internet Engineering Task Force International Mobile Equiptment Identity IP Multimedia Subsystem International Mobile Subscriber Identity International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 Internet Protocol Version 6 IP Device Control Protocol Intergrated Services Digital Network ISDN User Part Internet Service Provider International Telecommunication Union Interworking Function
K
Kc Ciphering Key
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Ki
Individual Subscriber authentication key
L
LAI LCP LEO LLC Location Area ID Link Control Protocol Low Earth Orbitiong Logical Link Control
M
MAC MAN MANET MAP ME MEGACO MCS MGCF MGCP MGW MIMO MRF MS MSC MSISDN MSID MSRN MTP Media Access Control Metropolitan Area Network Mobile Ad hoc Network Mobile Application Part Mobile Equiptment Media Gateway Control Protocol Modulation and Coding Scheme Media Gateway Control Function Media Gateway Control Protocol Media GateWay Multiple Input Multiple Output Multimedia Resource Function Mobile Station Mobile Service Switching Centre Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number Mobile Station Identifier Mobile Station Roaming Number Message Transfer Part
N
NSAP NSS Network Service Access Point Network Switching Subsystem
O
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OFDM OMS
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Operation and Maintenance
P
PBX PCM PCCH PCH PCU PDC PDCH PDCP PDF PDN PDP PDU PIN PLMN PSTN Private Branch eXchange Pulse Code Modulation Paging Control Channel Paging Channel Packet Control Unit Personal Digital Cellular Packet Data Channel Packet Data Convergence Protocol Policy Decision Function Packet Data Network Packet Data Protocol Protocol Data Unit Personal Identification Number Public Land Mobile Network Public Switched Telephone Network
Q
QPSK Quadrature (Quaternary) Phase Shift Keying
R
RA RACH RAI RAN RANAP RAND RAT RF RFC RIP Routing Area Random Access Channel Routing Area Identity Radio Access Network Radio Access Network Application Part RANDom network Radio Access Technology Radio Frequency Request For Comments Routing Information Protocol
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RLC RLP RNC RNS RNSAP RTD RTI RTP RSS
Radio Link Control Radio Link Protocol Radio Network Controller Radio Network Subsystem Radio Network Subsystem Application Part Radio Technology Dependent Radio Technology Independent Real Time Protocol Radio SubSystem
S
SAAL SC SCCP SCN SCTP SGSN SIM SIP SMS SMTP SNDCP SONET SRNC SRNS SS7 SSCF STM STP S-UMTS Signalling ATM Adaptation Layer Service Centre Signalling Connection Control Part Switching Channel Network Streaming Control Transport Protocol Serving GPRS Support Node GSM Subscriber Identity Module Session Initiation Protocol Short Message Service Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Sub-Network Dependent Covergence Protocol Synchoronous Optical Serving Radio Network Controller Serving RNS Signalling System No.7 Service Specific Coordination Function Synchoronous Transfer Mode Signalling Transfer Point Satellite UMTS
T
TDD TDM Time Division Duplex Time Division Multiplexing
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TDMA TGW TMSI TRAU TRX
Time Division Multiple Access Trunk GateWay Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity Transcoder and Rate Adapter Unit Transceiver
U
UA UDP UE UMTS UNI UP URL USIM USRAN UTRAN User Agent User Datagram Protocol User Equiptment Universal Mobile Telephone System User Network Interface User Plane Uniform Resource Locator UMTS SIM UMTS Satellite Radio Access Network Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
V
VCI VLR VoIP Virtual Channel Identifier Visition Location Register Voice over IP
W
WCDMA WAP WLAN WiMax Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Wireless Application Protocol Wireless Local Access Network World interoperation Microwave Access
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Ti liu tham kho

[1], inh Vn Phc, (2002) ti, Nghin cu pht trin cc dch v truyn s liu v khai thc thng tin trn mng GSM-VMS, Cng ty thng di ngVMS [2], Geoff Sanders, Lionel Thorens, Manfred Reisky, (2003) GPRS Network, John Wiley & Sons Ltd [3], Heikki Kaaranen, Ari Ahtiainen, Lauri Laitinen, (2005) UMTS Networks (Architecture, Mobility and Services), John Wiley & Sons Ltd [4], Harri Holma and Antti Toskala both of Nokia, Finland; (2004)WCDMA for UMTS (Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications), John Wiley & Sons Ltd [5], Harri Holma and Antti Toskala both of Nokia, Finland; (2007) WCDMA for UMTS HSPA evolution and LTE; John Wiley & Sons Ltd [6], Jeffrey Bannister, Paul Mather and Sebstian Coope; (2004) Convergence Technologies for 3G Networks (IP, UMTS, EGPRS and ATM); John Wiley & Sons Ltd [7], Sudhir Dixit Ramjee Prasad; (2003) Wireless IP and Building the Mobile Internet; Artech House (Boston-london) [8], Martin Sauter (Nortel Networks, Germany; (2006) Communication Systems for the Mobile Information Society; John Wiley & Sons Ltd [9], Miikka Poikselka, Georg Mayer, Hisham Khartabil and Aki Niemi; (2004) the IMS IP Multimedia Concepts and Services in the Mobile Domain; John Wiley & Sons Ltd [10], Universitatsprofessor Dr.-Ing Bernhard Walke; (21, Juli 2005) Satellite UMTS Specification of Protocols and Traffic Performance Analysis; aus Seoul, Korea [11], Ericsson; EDGE Introduction of high-speed data in GSM/GPRS networks; technical paper [12], Timo Halnen, Javier Romero, Juan Melero; (2003) GSM, GPRS and EDGE Performance (Evolution Towards 3G/UMTS); John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [13], Emmanuel Seurre, Patrick Savelli, Pierre-Jean Pietri; (2003) EDGE for Mobile Internet; Artech House [14], Valtteri Niemi and Kaisa Nyberg; (2003) UMTS Sercurity; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [15], (2005) Giao thc H.248; Trung tm DCN Mi - Vin KHKT Bu in
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[16], [17], [18], [19], [20],
http://www.3gpp.org/ http://www.itu.int/net/home/index.aspx http://www.huawei.com/solutions/radio_access_network.do http://www.etsi.org/WebSite/homepage.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS
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Nghien Cuu Tien Trinh Nang Cap Mang Thong Tin Di Dong GSM Va Giao Thuc

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Nghien Cuu Tien Trinh Nang Cap Mang Thong Tin Di Dong GSM Va Giao Thuc

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Li m u

Danh sch cc Hnh v

Danh sch cc bng

Cng ngh GPRS

2.1 gii thiu chung v GPRS

2.4 Giao thc GPRS

Hnh 2.4: Giao thc ca GPRS

Cng ngh GSM/EDGE

Chng 4 Cng ngh UMTS Release 99

4.3.3 Giao din Iu PS

Chng 5 Cng ngh UMTS Release 4

Khi nim mng n i vi R4 UMTS

Call Control Signalling PoI: Point of Interconnect

Ater Interface Iu and Nb Interface

A and TDM Interface: 64kb/s

Chng 6 Cng ngh UMTS Release 5

Miu t nhng giao din

I-CSCF, S-CSCF, Dng thng tin gia HSS CSCF v HSS

Chng 7 Cc cng ngh khng dy khc

Global Layer Regioal layer National layer Local layer

Persional network layer

Hnh 8.2: M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca mobile it forum

8.6.2 m hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca mobi dick

Hnh 8.4: M hnh tham chiu cho mng di ng 4g ca cisco

Hnh 8.5: Kt ni lin tc gia cc mng

Giao Thc v hin trng mng di ng Vit Nam

9.4 Giao thc H.248 9.4.1. Lch s pht trin.

Hnh 9.2: Lch s pht trin ca H.248 9.4.1.1 MEGACO v MGCP

Bng 9.3: So snh MEGACO v MGCP

Hnh 9.3: M t kt ni H.248

Hnh 9.5: Mi quan h gia bn tin v giao dch

Hnh 9.7: Cc m t M t phng tin [M t TerminationState] [M t Stream ] [M t LocalControl]

9.4.3.2 MODIFY MODIFY (TerminationID [, MediaDescriptor] [, EventsDescriptor] [, EventsBufferDescriptor] [, SignalsDescriptor] [, AuditDescriptor] )

9.4.3.3 SUBTRACT SUBTRACT (TerminationID [, AuditDescriptor] )

9.4.3.4 MOVE MOVE (TerminationID [, MediaDescriptor] [, EventsDescriptor] [, EvenBufferDescriptor] [, SignalsDescriptor] [, AuditDescriptor] ))

9.4.3.5 SERVICECHANGE ServiceChange (TerminationID, ServiceChangeDescriptor )

Khi to MG, khng c p ng t MGC s cp

9.4.4.2 Thit lp cuc gi

9.4.4.3 Gii phng cuc gi: kch bn 1, kch bn 2, kch bn 3

9.4.4.4 Kim tra gi tr_AuditValue

Kin trc ca BICC

Chng 10 Giao thc trong Release 5

Chng 11 Hin trng mng di ng Vit Nam

Call Session Control Function Controlling Radio Network Controller

GERAN GMSC GMSK GPRS GRX GSM GTP

Individual Subscriber authentication key

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Operation and Maintenance

RLC RLP RNC RNS RNSAP RTD RTI RTP RSS

TDMA TGW TMSI TRAU TRX

Ti liu tham kho

[16], [17], [18], [19], [20],

http://www.3gpp.org/ http://www.itu.int/net/home/index.aspx http://www.huawei.com/solutions/radio_access_network.do http://www.etsi.org/WebSite/homepage.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS

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