Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn

LI NI U Trong thi i cng ngh thng tin ngy cng pht trin th mng khng dy v thit b di ng tr thnh mi quan tm hng u ca x hi. Cc mng khng dy ph rng, cng ging nh nhiu k thut khc u c pht trin bi qun i. Qun i cn mt phng php truyn d liu n gin, d dng thc thi v bo mt trong mi trng chin u. Khi chi ph ca k thut khng dy gimv cht lng tng ln th n s tr thnh mt gii php hu hiu cho nhng doanh nghip ln tch hp mng khng dy vo h thng mng ca h. K thut khng dy cung cp gii php kinh t kt ni cc ta nh m khng cn i cp ng hay cp quang. Ngy nay cc k thut khng dy c chi ph ph hp cho hu ht cc cng ty. Khi cc k thut WLAN pht trin th chi ph sn xut phn cng s gim i v s lng cc thit b khng dy c ci t li ngy cng tng. Ngy nay mng khng dy ang tr ln ph bin trong cc t chc, doang nghip v c nhn. Chnh v s tin li ca mng khng dy nn n dn thay th cho cc h thng mng c dy truyn thng hin ti. iu g khng nh u th ca mng khng dy? u im l g? C khuyt im khng? Gii php thit k, trin khai nh th no? Bn cnh cng cn nghin cu cc gii php bo mt cho mng khng dy. gii quyt cc vn y chng ta cng nghin cu ti : Tm hiu v kha cnh a truy nhp v tuyn v cc vn lin quan ca h thng thng tin v tuyn WLAN. Do thi gian v kin thc cn hn ch nn ti ca chng em khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, mong nhn c s ch dn, gp ca cc thy c gio v cc bn sinh vin. Qua y chng em cng xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn nhit tnh ca cc thy c, c bit l c gio m M Hnh gip chng em rt nhiu trong thi gian lm ti va qua. H Ni 2008

Lp k thut vin thng A K46

Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn CHNG I: TNG QUAN V MNG WLAN 1.1/ C bn v WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) 1.1.1/ WLAN l g? Ni mt cch n gin , mng khng dy l mng s dng cng ngh m cho php hai hay nhiu thit b c kt ni vi nhau bng cch s dng mt giao thc chun, nhng khng cn kt ni vt l hay chnh xc l khng cn s dng dy mng (cable), mi trng truyn thng ca cc thnh phn trong mng l khng kh. Cc thnh phn trong mng dng sng in t truyn thng vi nhau. 1.1.2/ Lch s ra i. Cng ngh WLAN ln u tin xut hin vo cui nm 1990, khi nhng nh sn xut gii thiu nhng sn phm hot ng trong bng tn 900 Mhz. Nhng gii php ny (khng c thng nht gia cc nh sn xut) cung cp tc truyn d liu 1Mbps, thp hn nhiu so vi tc 10 Mbps ca hu ht cc mng s dng cp hin thi. Nm 1992, nhng nh sn xut bt u bn nhng sn phm WLAN s dng bng tn 2.4 Ghz. Mc d nhng sn phm ny c tc truyn d liu cao hn nhng chng vn l nhng gii php ring ca mi nh sn xut khng c cng b rng ri. S cn thit cho vic hot ng thng nht gia cc thit b nhng dy tn s khc nhau dn n mt s t chc bt u pht trin ra nhng chun mng khng dy chung. Nm 1997, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer (IEEE) ph chun s ra i ca chun 802.11, v cng c bit vi tn gi WIFI (Wireles Fidelity) cho cc mng WLAN. Chun 802.11 h tr ba phng php truyn tn hiu, trong c bao gm phng php truyn tn hiu v tuyn tn s 2.4 Ghz. Nm 1999, IEEE thng qua hai s b sung cho chun 802.11 l cc chun 802.11a v 802.11b (nh ngha ra nhng phng php truyn tn hiu). V nhng thit b WLAN da trn chun 802.11b nhanh chng tr thnh cng ngh khng dy vt tri. Cc thit b WLAN 802.11b truyn pht tn s 2.4 Ghz, cung cp tc truyn d liu c th ln ti 11 Mbps. IEEE 802.11b c to ra nhm cung cp nhng c im v tnh hiu dng, thng lng v bo mt so snh vi mng c dy.

Lp k thut vin thng A K46

Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn Nm 2003, IEEE cng b thm mt s ci tin l chun 802.11g m c th truyn nhn thng tin c hai dy tn 2.4 Ghz v 5 Ghz v c th nng tc truyn d liu ln n 54Mbps. Thm vo , nhng sn phm p dng 802.11g cng c th tng thch ngc vi cc thit b chun 802.11b. Hin nay chun 802.11g t n tc 108Mbps 300Mbps. 1.1.3/ u im ca WLAN so vi mng c dy truyn thng. Mng Wireless cung cp tt c cc tnh nng ca cng ngh mng LAN nh l Inthernet v Token Ring m khng b gii hn v kt ni vt l (gii hn v caple). S thun li u tin ca mng l tnh linh ng. Mng WLAN to ra s thoi mi trong s truyn ti cc d liu gia cc thit b c h tr m khng c s rng buc v khong cch v khng gian nh mng c dy thng thng. Ngi dng mng Wireless c th kt ni mng trong khi di chuyn bt c ni no trong phm vi ph sng ca thit bi trung lp (Access Point). Mng WLAN s dng sng hng ngoi (Infrared Light) v sng Radio (Radio Frequency) truyn nhn d liu thay v dng Twist-Pair v Fiber Optic Cable. Thng thng th sng Radio c dung ph bin hn v n truyn xa hn, lu hn, rng hn, bng thng cao hn. Cng ngh Wireless bao gm cc thit b v h thng phc tp nh h thng WLAN, in thoi di ng (Mobile Phone) cho n cc thit b n gin nh tay nghe khng dy, microphone khng dy v nhiu thit b khc c kh nng truyn nhn v lu tr thng tin t mng. Ngoi ra cng bao gm c nhng thit b h tr hng ngoi nh Remote, in thoi truyn d liu trc din gia 2 thit b. Tnh d dng kt ni v thun tin trong s dng lm cho mng Wireless nhanh chng ngy cng ph bin trong cuc sng chng ta, h tr tch cc trong cng vic ca chng ta. Ni tm li th WLAN c mt s u im ni tri sau y: Trin khai: Vic thit lp h thng mng khng dy ban u ch cn t nht 1 access point. Vi mng dng cp, phi tn thm chi ph v c th gp kh khn trong vic trin khai h thng cp nhiu ni trong ta nh. Kh nng m rng: Mng khng dy c th p ng tc th khi gia tng s lng ngi dng. Vi h thng mng dng cp cn phi gn thm cp S tin li: Mng khng dy cng nh h thng mng thng thng. N cho php ngi dng truy xut ti nguyn mng bt k ni u trong khu vc c trin khai(nh hay vn phng). Vi s gia tng s ngi s dng my tnh xch tay(laptop), l mt iu rt thun li.

Lp k thut vin thng A K46

Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn Kh nng di ng: Vi s pht trin ca cc mng khng dy cng cng, ngi dng c th truy cp Internet bt c u. Chng hn cc qun Cafe, ngi dng c th truy cp Internet khng dy min ph. Hiu qu: Ngi dng c th duy tr kt ni mng khi h i t ni ny n ni khc. 1.1.4/ Hn ch ca mng WLAN. Bn cnh nhng thun li ca mng Wireless nh l tnh linh ng, tin li, thoi mith mng Wireless vn khng th thay th c mng c dy truyn thng. Thun li chnh ca s linh ng l ngi dng c th di chuyn. Cc Server v my ch c s d liu phi truy xut d liu, v v tr vt l th khng ph hp (v my ch khng di chuyn thng xuyn c). Tc mng Wireless b ph thuc vo bng thng. Tc ca mng Wireless thp hn mng c nh, v mng Wireless chun phi xc nhn cn thn nhng frame nhn trnh tnh trng mt d liu. Bo mt trn mng Wireless l mi quan tm hng u hin nay. Mng Wireless lun l mi bn tm v s giao tip trong mng u cho bt k ai trong phm vi cho php vi thit b ph hp. Trong mng c nh truyn thng th tn hiu truyn trong dy dn nn c th c bo mt an ton hn. Cn trn mng Wireless th vic nh hi rt d dng bi v mng Wireless s dng sng Radio th c th b bt v x l c bi bt k thit b nhn no nm trong phm vi cho php, ngoi ra mng Wireless th c ranh gii khng r rng cho nn rt kh qun l. Nh vy WLAN c nhng nhc im quan trng sau: V tnh bo mt: Mi trng kt ni khng dy l khng kh nn kh nng b tn cng ca ngi dng l rt cao. V phm vi: Mt mng chun 802.11g vi cc thit b chun ch c th hot ng tt trong phm vi vi chc mt. N ph hp trong 1 cn nh, nhngvi mt ta nh ln th khng p ng c nhu cu. p ng cn phi mua thm Repeater hay access point, dn n chi ph gia tng. V tin cy: V s dng sng v tuyn truyn thng nn vic b nhiu, tn hiu b gim do tc ng ca cc thit b khc(l vi sng,.) l khng trnh khi. Lm gim ng k hiu qu hot ng ca mng.

Lp k thut vin thng A K46

Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn V tc : Tc ca mng khng dy (1- 125 Mbps) rt chm so vi mng s dng cp(100Mbps n hng Gbps). 1.2/ Cc loi mng Wireless. Mng Wireless c phn chia thnh 5 nhm: Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), Wireless Local-Area Network (WLAN), Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), LANLAN bridging, Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN). WLAN: i din cho mng cc b khng dy, theo chun 802.11. LAN-LAN bridging: i din cho mng ni b, nhng theo din rng hn (gia 2 ta nh). WWAN: i din cho cng ngh mng din rng nh l mng in thoi 2G, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). WMAN: i din cho mng din rng (gia cc vng). WPAN: i din cho mng c nhn khng dy, thng nh l cng ngh Bluetooth, hng ngoi.

CHNG II: KHA CNH A TRUY NHP V CC VN LIN QUAN N H THNG MNG WLAN. 2.1/ c tnh k thut mng WLAN. Lp k thut vin thng A K46 5

Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn 2.1.1/ WLAN hot ng nh th no? Wireless LAN s dng sng in t (Radio hoc sng Hng ngoi - Infrared) trao i thng tin gia cc thit b m khng cn bt k mt kt ni vt l no (cable). Sng Radio i khi cn c gi l sng mang (rt thng dng trong lnh vc vin thng - in thoi ), v n gin n thc hin chc nng truyn nng lng cho cc thit b nhn xa. D liu s c truyn theo sng mang cho nn c th lc ra mt cch chnh xc bi thit b nhn. Vn thng c cp n trong sng mang l s iu bin ca sng khi d liu c truyn km theo, mt khi d liu c truyn km theo sng mang th tnh phc tp cao hn l sng n (ch mt tng s duy nht). Nhiu sng mang c th cng tn ti trong mt phm vi v cng thi gian m khng nh hng n nhng thit b khc nu nh nhng sng ny c truyn trn nhng tng s khc nhau. Thit b nhn mun lc d liu phi chn mt tng s duy nht trng vi tng s thit b pht. Trong cu hnh ca mng WLAN thng thng, mt thit b pht v nhn (transceiver) c gi l Access Point (AP) v c kt ni vi mng c dy thng thng thng qua cp theo chun Ethernet. AP thc hin chc nng chnh l nhn thng tin, nh li v gi d liu gia mng WLAN v mng c dy thng thng. Mt AP c th h tr mt nhm ngi dng v trong mt khong cch nht nh (tu theo loi AP). AP thng c t v tr cao ni m nhng ngi c th bt sng c. Ngi dung mng WLAN truy cp vo mng thng qua Wireless NIC, thng thng c cc chun sau: PCMCIA - Laptop, Notebook ISA, PCI, USB Desktop Tch hp sn trong cc thit b cm tay Khi cc thit b ny s to ra mt mi trng mng khng dy gia nhng dng trao i thng tin v d liu. Cng ngh chnh c s dng cho mng Wireless l da trn chun IEEE 802.11 (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). Hu ht cc mng Wireless hin nay u s dng tng s 2.4GHz (trng tng s vi l viba hoc in thoi m bng con). 2.1.2/ Cc chun ca mng WLAN.

Lp k thut vin thng A K46

Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn Mng WLANs hot ng da trn chun 802.11 (802.11 c pht trin t nm 1997 bi nhm Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), chun ny c xem l chun dng cho cc thit b di ng c h tr Wireless, phc v cho cc thit b c phm vi hot ng tm trung bnh. Cho n hin ti IEEE 802.11 gm c 4 chun trong h 802.11 v 1 chun ang th nghim: 802.11 - l chun IEEE gc ca mng khng dy (hot ng tng s 2.4GHz, tc 1 Mbps 2Mbps) 802.11b - (pht trin vo nm 1999, hot ng tng s 2.4-2.48GHz, tc t 1Mpbs 11Mbps) 802.11a - (pht trin vo nm 1999, hot ng tng s 5GHz 6GHz, tc 54Mbps) 802.11g - (mt chun tng t nh chun b nhng c tc cao hn t 20Mbps 54Mbps, hin ang ph bin nht) 802.11e - l 1 chun ang th nghim: y ch mi l phin bn th nghim cung cp c tnh QoS (Quality of Service) v h tr Multimedia cho gia nh v doanh nghip c mi trng mng khng dy. Thc t cn mt vi chun khc thuc h 802.11 l: 802.11F, IEEE 802.11h, IEEE 802.11j, IEEE 802.11d, IEEE 802.11s. Mi chun c b sung nhiu tnh nng khc nhau Trn thc t th chun IEEE 802.11b c trc chun IEEE 802.11a 2.1.2.1/ Original IEEE 802.11 LAN Standard Chun IEEE 802.11 hot ng 2.4GHz vi tc l 1Mpbs hoc 2Mpbs. Trong mt mng WLAN thng thng, cc Client s kt hp vi mt AP c nh m trong nhiu m hnh lp t mng th AP s l cu ni vi mng c dy thng thng (Wired network). S kt hp ny i khi c gi l Basic Service Set (BSS) chng ta s tm hiu r hn v BSS trong phn sau. 2.1.2.2/ IEEE 802.11b Nh ch th chun b ra i trc chun a v c pht trin vo nm 1999. IEEE 801.11b hot ng tng s 2.4GHz v tc tng dn 1Mpbs, 2Mpbs, 5,5Mpbs v 11Mpbs. Tc ny s gim dn khi ngi dung cng di chuyn xa so vi AP. Trc y chun IEEE 802.11b rt ph bin v c trin khai rt nhiu trong cc doanh nghip, h gia nh v cc vn phng nh (small office home office - SOHO)

Lp k thut vin thng A K46

Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn 2.1.2.3/ IEEE 802.11a Chun 802.11a hot ng tng s 5GHz 6GHz v t c tc cao l 54Mpbs (cho d cc cng ngh hin ti truyn tc 6Mpbs, 12Mpbs, 24Mpbs). Hot ng tng s 5GHz, tng s ny trng vi tng s hot ng ca mt vi thit b khc nh: cc thit b s dng cng ngh Bluetooth, vi sng (microware), in thoi m bng con (cordless phone). Chnh v vy cn trnh lp t AP cnh cc thit b ny trnh tnh trng b nhiu sng. Chun ny cn h tr ng thi 64 Client v bao gm c cc chc nng bo mt 64bit , 128bit v 152bit WEP m ha v lc a ch MAC. Tuy t c tc cao nhng hu ht cc doanh nghip v ngi dng cm thy khng tin tng i vi chun IEEE 802.11a nh chun IEEE 802.11b trc . V vy h vn tip tc s dng v trin khai mi chun IEEE 802.11b. Mt vn khc na ca chun IEEE 802.11a l khng tng thch vi nhng h thng c sn s dng chun IEEE 802.11b. 2.1.2.4/ IEEE 802.11g Mt chun mi c a ra l IEEE 802.11g, vi tc truyn t 20Mpbs 54Mpbs. Tng t nh chun IEEE 802.11b, chun IEEE 802.11g hot ng tng s 2.4GHz cho nn c th tng thch vi h thng theo chun IEEE 802.11b., y l mt c im thun li hn chun IEE 802.11a. Chun IEEE 802.11g hin ti c s dng rt ph bin mi ni. V tnh n nh v h tr kh nng bo mt cao. 2.1.2.5/ IEEE 802.11e L chun mi nht ca h IEEE 802.11, nhng vn trong thi gian th nghim. Chun ny s l s la chn tt nht trin khai nhng khu vc ln nh cc doanh nghip ln, nh hng, khch sn v sn bay. Khng nh nhng chun khc, y l chun u tin c pht minh nhm m rng mi trng mng khng dy cho tng h gia nh hoc doanh nghip. Chun IEEE 802.11e cng c tnh nng QoS (Quality of Service) v h tr Multimedia cho h thng mng theo chun IEEE 802.11b v IEEE 802.11a, trong khi vn duy tr kh nng tng thch vi nhng chun trc . QoS v h tr Multimedia thc cht l cung cp nhng dch v cho khch hang ti nh nh Video-on-demand, Audio-on-demand, Voice over IP (VoIP), Internet tc cao, v.v

Lp k thut vin thng A K46

Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn Chun 802.11g tng thch vi chun 802.11b, khng tng thch vi chun 802.11a. Nu chun 802.11g hot ng trong mng c chun 802.11b th s hot ng vi tc theo chun 802.11b (11Mbps) 2.1.3/ Bluetooth Bluetooth l mt giao thc hng ngang n gin dng kt ni nhng thit b di ng nh Mobile Phone, Laptop, Handheld computer, Digital Camera, Printer, v.v truyn ti thng tin vi nhau. Bluetooth s dng chun IEEE 802.15 vi tng s 2.4GHz 2.5GHz, tng t nh chun IEEE 802.11 v IEEE 802.11b . Bluetooth cho php cc thit b di ng trnh c tnh trng nhiu sng t nhng tn hiu khc nhau bng cch chuyn sang mt tng s mi sau khi truyn hoc nhn mt gi d liu. Bluetooth l cng ngh tiu th nng lng thp vi khong cch truyn ln n 30feet (~ 10m) vi tc khong 1Mpbs, khong cch ny c th tng ln 300feet (~100m) nu tng ngun ln 100mW. Mt mng Bluetooth ch c kh nng h tr cho 8 thit b trong cng thi gian. Bluetooth l cng ngh c th k nhm p ng mt cch nhanh chng vic kt ni cc thit b di ng v cng l gii php to mng WPAN (nu trong phn Wireless Network Types), c th thc hin trong mi trng nhiu tng s khc nhau. Mi mt thit b trn mng Bluetooth c th l thit b chnh hoc ph. Thit b chnh th c chc nng to ra s kt ni trong mng, thit b ph th gi tn hiu tr li cho thit b chnh. Mt mng Bluetooth c th c n 7 my ph vi 1 my chnh. Tt c cc my ph ch giao tip vi my ch, v vy mi giao tip gia cc my ph phi thng qua my chnh. Hu ht cc thit b Bluetooth u pht ra mt nng lng phng x ng hng (EIRP effective isotropic radiated power). 2.2/ Knh trong mng Wireless. 2.2.1/Knh trong mng Wireless Mng Wireless hot ng 14 knh (nhng thc t khi hot ng th ch c 1 knh pht) Trn thc t, mt cng ty tm trung hoc ln khi trin khai h thng ny s khng s dng duy nht mt Access Point m c th c 2 hoc nhiu Access Point t gn nhau phc

Lp k thut vin thng A K46

Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn v cho ton b khu vc cng ty. m s hot ng ca mng trnh gp tnh trng nhn vin s dng my laptop hoc cc thit b cm tay khc khng truy cp vo mng.Wireless uc khi anh ta ri khi khu vc phng mnh. 2.2.2/M hnh thit lp knh cho mng Wireless Mt s iu ch khi lp t Access Point: - Cn c nhng vng giao nhau gia bn knh cc Access Point. - Knh thit lp cho cc Access Point phi lch nhau 5 knh. 2.3/ Cc m hnh mng WLAN. Mng 802.11 linh hot v thit k, gm 3 m hnh mng sau: M hnh mng c lp(IBSSs) hay cn gi l mng Ad hoc M hnh mng c s (BSSs) M hnh mng m rng(ESSs) 2.3.1/ M hnh mng AD hc ( Independent Basic Service Sets (BSSs) ) Cc nt di ng(my tnh c h tr card mng khng dy) tp trung li trong mt khng gian nh hnh thnh nn kt ni ngang cp (peer-to-peer) gia chng. Cc nt di ng c card mng wireless l chng c th trao i thng tin trc tip vi nhau , khng cn phi qun tr mng. V cc mng ad-hoc ny c th thc hin nhanh v d dng nn chng thng c thit lp m khng cn mt cng c hay k nng c bit no v vy n rt thch hp s dng trong cc hi ngh thng mi hoc trong cc nhm lm vic tm thi. Tuy nhin chng c th c nhng nhc im v vng ph sng b gii hn, , mi ngi s dng u phi nghe c ln nhau.

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Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn

2.3.2/ M hnh mng c s (Basic Service Sets (BSSs) ) Bao gm cc im truy nhp AP (Access Point) gn vi mng ng trc hu tuyn v giao tip vi cc thit b di ng trong vng ph sng ca mt cell. AP ng vai tr iu khin cell v iu khin lu lng ti mng. Cc thit b di ng khng giao tip trc tip vi nhau m giao tip vi cc AP.Cc cell c th chng ln ln nhau khong 10-15 % cho php cc trm di ng c th di chuyn m khng b mt kt ni v tuyn v cung cp vng ph sng vi chi ph thp nht. Cc trm di ng s chn AP tt nht kt ni. Mt im truy nhp nm trung tm c th iu khin v phn phi truy nhp cho cc nt tranh chp, cung cp truy nhp

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Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn ph hp vi mng ng trc, n nh cc a ch v cc mc u tin, gim st lu lng mng, qun l chuyn i cc gi v duy tr theo di cu hnh mng. Tuy nhin giao thc a truy nhp tp trung khng cho php cc nt di ng truyn trc tip ti nt khc nm trong cng vng vi im truy nhp nh trong cu hnh mng WLAN c lp. Trong trng hp ny, mi gi s phi c pht i 2 ln (t nt pht gc v sau l im truy nhp) trc khi n ti nt ch, qu trnh ny s lm gim hiu qu truyn dn v tng tr truyn dn

2. 3.4/ M hnh mng m rng (Extended Service Sets (ESSs) ) Mng 802.11 m rng phm vi di ng ti mt phm vi bt k thng qua ESS. Mt ESSs l mt tp hp cc BSSs ni m cc Access Point giao tip vi nhau chuyn lu lng t mt BSS ny n mt BSS khc lm cho vic di chuyn d dng ca cc trm gia cc BSS, Access Point thc hin vic giao tip thng qua h thng phn phi. H thng phn phi l mt lp mng trong mi Access Point m n xc nh ch n cho mt lu lng c nhn t mt BSS. H thng phn phi c tip sng tr li mt ch trong cng mt BSS, chuyn tip trn h thng phn phi ti mt Access Point khc, hoc gi

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Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn ti mt mng c dy ti ch khng nm trong ESS. Cc thng tin nhn bi Access Point t h thng phn phi c truyn ti BSS s c nhn bi trm ch.

M hnh mng m rng Lp k thut vin thng A K46 13

Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn

CHNG III: VN BO MT V CC NG DNG CA H THNG MNG WLAN 3.1/ Vn bo mt trong h thng WLAN 3.1.1/ Tng quan v bo mt trong mng khng dy. Khi trin khai thnh cng h thng mng khng dy th bo mt l vn k tip cn phi quan tm, cng ngh v gii php bo mt cho mng Wireless hin ti cng ang gp phi nhiu nan gii, rt nhiu cng ngh v gii php c pht trin ri a ra nhm bo v s ring t v an ton cho d liu ca h thng v ngi dng. Nhng vi s h tr ca cc cng c (phn mm chuyn dng) th Attacker d dng ph v s bo mt ny. Chng ta s cng tm hiu su hn v vn bo mt v cc gii php phng chng m nhiu chuyn gia nghin cu v pht trin thnh cng trong nhng phn sau. Nh rt nhiu ti liu nghin cu v bo mt trong mng Wireless th c th bo mt ti thiu bn cn mt h thng c 2 thnh phn sau: Authentication - chng thc cho ngi dng: quyt nh cho ai c th s dng mng WLAN. Encryption - m ha d liu: cung cp tnh bo mt d liu. Authentication + Encryption = Wireless Security Bi v mng Wireless truyn v nhn d liu da trn sng radio, v v AP pht sng lan truyn trong bn knh cho php nn bt c thit b no c h tr truy cp Wireless u c th Lp k thut vin thng A K46 14

Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn bt sng ny, sng Wireless c th truyn xuyn qua cc vt liu nh btng, nha, st, Cho nn ri ro thng tin b cc attacker nh cp hoc nghe trm rt cao, v hin ti c rt nhiu cng c h tr cho vic nhn bit v phn tch thng tin ca sng Wireless sau dng thng tin ny d kha WEP (nh AirCrack, AirSnort, ). 3.1.2/ Cc h thng bo mt d liu cho mng Wireless. 3.1.2.1/ WEP Wired Equipvalent Privacy WEP l mt h thng m ha dng cho vic bo mt d liu cho mng Wireless, WEP l mt phn ca chun 802.11 gc v da trn thut ton m ha RC4, m ha d liu 40bit ngn chn s truy cp tri php t bn ngoi. Thc t WEP l mt thut ton c dng m ha v gii m d liu. c tnh k thut ca WEP: iu khin vic truy cp, ngn chn s truy cp ca nhng Client khng c kha ph hp S bo mt nhm bo v d liu trn mng bng cch m ha chng v ch cho nhng Client no c ng kha WEP gii m WEP key lengths. Mt kha WEP chun s dng kha 64bit m ha theo thut ton RC4 (s nghin cu trong phn sau). Trong 64bit c 40bit c n. Nhiu nh cung cp s dng nhiu tn khc nhau cho kha WEP nh: standar WEP, 802.11-compliant WEP, 40-bit WEP, 40+24bit WEP hoc thm ch l 64-bit WEP. Nhng hin ti th 64-bit WEP thng c nhc n hn ht. Nhng vi nhng thit b s dng 64-bit WEP thng th tnh bo mt khng cao v d dng b tn cng. Hin nay c mt chun tt hn l 128-bit WEP, hu ht cc doanh nghip, c nhn u dn chuyn sang 128-bit WEP s dng thut ton RC4 m ha, tnh bo mt cao hn, cc Attacker cng kh khn trong vic d thy kha WEP. Nhng v sau tnh bo mt ca kha WEP 128-bit cng khng cn kh khn na i vi cc Attacker nh s h tr ca cc cng c d tm kha WEP, th lc Wi-fi Protected Access WPA l mt chun bo mt cao cp hn WEP c ra i (chng ta s nghin cu su hn v WPA trong phn sau. 3.1.2.2/ WPA Wifi Protected Access WPA c thit k nhm thay th cho WEP v c tnh bo mt cao hn. Temporal Key Intergrity Protocol (**IP), cn c gi l WPA key hashing l mt s ci tin da trn WEP, l v n t ng thay i kha, iu ny gy kh khn rt nhiu cho cc Attacker d thy kha ca mng.

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Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn Mt khc WPA cng ci tin c phng thc chng thc v m ha. WPA bo mt mnh hn WEP rt nhiu. V WPA s dng h thng kim tra v bo m tnh ton vn ca d liu tt hn WEP (bn c th tm hiu r hn trong cc ti liu v bo mt mng khng dy ca Cisco). 3.1.2.3/ WPA2 - Wi fi Protected Access 2 WPA2 l mt chun ra i sau v c kim nh ln u tin v ngy 1/9/2004. WPA2 c National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) khuyn co s dng, WPA2 s dng thut ton m ha Advance Encryption Standar (AES). WPA2 cng c cp bo mt rt cao tng t nh chun WPA, nhm bo v cho ngi dng v ngi qun tr i vi ti khon v d liu. Nhng trn thc t WPA2 cung cp h thng m ha mnh hn so vi WPA, v y cng l nhu cu ca cc tp on v doanh nghip c quy m ln. WPA2 s dng rt nhiu thut ton m ha d liu nh **IP, RC4, AES v mt vi thut ton khc. Nhng h thng s dng WPA2 u tng thch vi WPA. 3.1.2.4/ ** IP? **IP l mt chun da trn chun IEEE 802.11i. **IP c pht trin nhm nng cao tnh bo mt cho WEP. **IP s dng thut ton RC4 m ha vi 128bit cho m ha v 64bit cho chng thc. 3.2/ ng dng ca h thng mng WLAN. 3.2.1/ Truy cp mng. WLAN c thit k vi vai tr ca lp truy cp (access layer), c ngha l chng c s dng nh l mt im i vo mng c dy. WLAN nm lp lin kt d liu (data-link layer) ging nh cc cng ngh truy cp khc nh Dial-up, ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line), cp, Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM (Asynchronous Tranfer Mode) Do khng c tc v kh nng phc hi cao nn mng khng dy khng c ci t lp phn tn (Distribution layer) hay lp li (Core layer). Tt nhin, trong mng nh th khng c s khc bit gia lp truy cp (Access layer), lp phn tn hay lp li. Lp li phi rt nhanh v rt n nh c th iu khin mt lng ln lu lng (traffic) trn mng m khng gp kh khn hay c thi gian cht. Lp phn tn ca mng phi nhanh, linh hot v ng tin cy. Mng WLAN khng p ng c cc yu cu ny nn n ch c s dng lp truy cp.

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Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn

Hnh 1. Vai tr truy cp ca WLAN WLAN cung cp 1 gii php cho cc kh khn lin quan n tnh di ng. WLAN l 1 gii php kh nhanh, r tin v hu nh c th ci t bt k u. Khi xem xt vic s dng WLAN cho mng ca bn th hy lun nh rng vic s dng chng vi kh nng m chng cung cp s cho kt qu tt hn. Cc nh qun tr Ci t WLAN lp phn tn hay lp li phi bit c chnh xc nhng hiu nng m n mang li trc khi ci t chng khng phi g b chng v sau. Vai tr duy nht lp phn tn ca WLAN trong mng doanh nghip l kt ni gia cc ta nh. Trong trng hp ny, mng khng dy xem nh l ng vai tr ca lp phn tn, tuy nhin n cn ph thuc vo on mng khng dy ny c s dng nh th no trong mng. C mt s nh cung cp dch v internet khng dy WISP (Wireless Internet Service Provider) s dng nhng tn s khng dy c cp php trong vai tr ca lp phn tn ch khng phi l cc tn s khng cp php nh ca WLAN. 3.2.2/ Tnh di ng. WLAN khng th thay th mng LAN c dy v tc kt ni nhng u th ca WLAN chnh l tnh di ng ca n. Trong cc nh kho th mng khng dy c s dng theo di v tr ca cc kin hng. Cc thng tin v v tr ny s c ng b vi my tnh trung tm phc v cho cng vic nhp hng cng nh xut hng. Cc my qut khng dy cm tay tr nn rt ph bin trong cc t chc m cng nhn phi di chuyn x l cc n t hng cng nh kim k.

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Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn

Hnh 2. Tnh di ng

Trong trng hp ny th mng khng dy to ra kh nng truyn d liu m khng cn phi tn thi gian, cng sc nhp d liu 1 cch th cng nh trong mng c dy. Mt s cng ngh khng dy mi c th cho php ngi dng chuyn vng (roaming) gia cc vng khc nhau m khng lm mt kt ni. Trong cc t chc ln c mng khng dy tri rng ton b cng ty th kh nng chuyn vng s tng nng sut lm vic mt cch ng k. 3.2.3/ M rng mng c dy bng mng khng dy. Cc mng khng dy c th c xem nh mt phn m rng ca mt mng c dy. Khi bn mun m rng mt mng hin ti nu bn ci t thm ng cp th s rt tn km. Hay trong nhng to nh ln, khong cch c th vt qu khong cch ca CAT5 cho mng Ethernet. C th ci t cp quang nhng nh th s yu cu nhiu thi gian v tin bc hn, cng nh phi nng cp switch hin tai h tr cp quang. Cc WLAN c th c thc thi mt cch d dng. V t phi ci t cp trong mng khng dy.

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Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn

3.2.4/ Kt ni gia cc to nh. Trong mi trng mng campus hay trong mi trng c 2 to nh st nhau, c th c trng hp cc user t to nh ny mun truy cp vo ti nguyn ca to nh khc. Trong qu kh th trng hp ny c gii quyt bng cch i mt ng cp ngm gia 2 to nh hay thu mt ng leasesline t cng ty in thoi. S dng k thut WLAN, thit b c th c ci t mt cch d dng v nhanh chng cho php 2 hay nhiu to nh chung mt mng. Vi cc loi anten khng dy ph hp, th bt k to nh no cng c th kt ni vi nhau vo cng mt mng trong mt khong cch cho php. C 2 loi kt ni: P2P v P2MP. Cc lin kt P2P l cc kt ni khng dy gia 2 to nh. Loi kt ni ny s dng cc loi anten trc tip hay bn trc tip mi u lin kt.

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Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn

Cc lin kt P2MP l cc kt ni khng dy gia 3 hay nhiu to nh, thng dng hubandspoke hay kiu kt ni star, trong mt to nh ng vai tr trung tm tp trung cc im kt ni. To nh trung tm ny s c core network, kt ni internet, v server farm. Cc lin kt P2MP gia cc to nh thng s dng cc loi anten a hng trong to nh trung tm v anten chung hng trn cc spoke. 3.2.5/ Mt s ng dng khc.

Cc vn phng di dng.

Phn phi d liu on cui Cc vn phng di ng

MC LC TRANG CHNG I: TNG QUAN V MNG WLAN.........................................................................2 1.1.2/ Lch s ra i...............................................................................................................2 1.1.3/ u im ca WLAN so vi mng c dy truyn thng.............................................3 1.2/ Cc loi mng Wireless......................................................................................................5 CHNG II: KHA CNH A TRUY NHP V....................................................................5 CC VN LIN QUAN N H THNG MNG WLAN...............................................5 2.1/ c tnh k thut mng WLAN.........................................................................................5 2.1.1/ WLAN hot ng nh th no?..................................................................................6 2.1.2/ Cc chun ca mng WLAN.......................................................................................6 2.1.2.2/ IEEE 802.11b........................................................................................................7 2.1.2.3/ IEEE 802.11a.......................................................................................................8 Lp k thut vin thng A K46 20

Bi tp ln:K thut a truy nhp v tuyn 2.1.2.4/ IEEE 802.11g........................................................................................................8 2.1.2.5/ IEEE 802.11e........................................................................................................8 2.1.3/ Bluetooth......................................................................................................................9 2.2.1/Knh trong mng Wireless............................................................................................9 2.3.1/ M hnh mng AD hc ( Independent Basic Service Sets (BSSs) ).........................10 CHNG III: VN BO MT V CC NG DNG CA.........................................14 H THNG MNG WLAN.......................................................................................................14 3.1/ Vn bo mt trong h thng WLAN............................................................................14 3.1.1/ Tng quan v bo mt trong mng khng dy..........................................................14 3.1.2/ Cc h thng bo mt d liu cho mng Wireless...................................................15 3.1.2.1/ WEP Wired Equipvalent Privacy....................................................................15 3.1.2.2/ WPA Wifi Protected Access............................................................................15 3.1.2.3/ WPA2 - Wi fi Protected Access 2..................................................................16 3.1.2.4/ ** IP?..................................................................................................................16 3.2/ ng dng ca h thng mng WLAN..............................................................................16 3.2.2/ Tnh di ng...............................................................................................................17 3.2.3/ M rng mng c dy bng mng khng dy...........................................................18 3.2.4/ Kt ni gia cc to nh............................................................................................19 3.2.5/ Mt s ng dng khc...............................................................................................20 MC LC....................................................................................................................................20

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