Li Ni u

Nc ta t mt nn kinh t k hoch ho tp trung chuyn sang nn kinh t hng ho nhiu thnh phn vi qu trnh m ca hi nhp cng th gii to ra nhng thch thc mi trong kinh doanh. iu ny ng ngha vi vic cc doanh nghip phi tham gia vo mt cuc chy ua thc s, cuc chy ua em li nhng li th trong kinh doanh. Chnh v vy, cnh tranh gia cc doanh nghip trn th trng ngy cng tr nn gay gt v quyt lit, cht lng sn phm ang tr thnh mt yu t c bn quyt nh n s thnh bi trong cnh tranh, quyt nh n s tn ti v pht trin ca tng doanh nghip ni ring cng nh s tin b hay tt hu ca nn kinh t ni chung. C th khng nh, cht lng ang l vn mang tm quan trng v m nhng nng cao cht lng t mc ti u nht i hi cc doanh nghip phi a cht lng vo ni dung qun l trong h thng hot ng ca mnh. Hn na, trong giai on hin nay, yu cu ca ngi tiu dng v sn phm ngy cng cao, sn phm khng ch p, r m phi t cht lng cao. y chnh l chin lc hng u cc doanh nghip phi khng ngng n lc phn u trong qu trnh tm kim, pht huy nhng phng n kh thi nht cho vic sn xut v cung ng nhng sn phm c cht lng tho mn v vt k vng ca khch hng vi gi thnh hp l nht. Do , vic m bo v nng cao cht lng sn phm l yu cu khch quan thc y sn xut pht trin, gp phn nng cao i sng cn b cng nhn vin trong doanh nghip v nng cao kh nng cnh tranh ca doanh nghip, gip doanh nghip tn ti v pht trin lu di trn th trng. Vi s chuyn i c ch qun l kinh t nc ta trong thi gian qua v trong xu th khu vc ho, ton cu ha v kinh t, hng ha ngy cng phong ph a dng hn, cht lng sn phm cng ngy cng c nng cao. ng v nh nc c nhiu cc chnh sch khuyn khch u t v pht trin ngnh may mc, iu ny to iu kin cho s ra i hng lot cc doanh nghip may mc vi mi thnh phn kinh t v qui m khc nhau nc ta. Cc doanh nghip lun tm mi cch chim lnh v m rng th trng sn xut, tiu th ca mnh. Vic ny to ra s cnh tranh gay gt trong ngnh may mc. Bn cnh cc doanh nghip nh nc hot ng km hiu qu c khng t doanh nghip nh nc t khng nh mnh. Cng ty c phn may L Trc l mt trong s t cc doanh nghip c phn hot ng c hiu qu mc d mi thnh lp cha lu song hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty i vo n nh v ang tr thnh mt doanh nghip vng mnh trong c nc. Sn phm ca cng ty v ang c ngi tiu dng a chung, c bit l

hng xut khu ca cng ty sang cc nc trn th gii mang li doanh thu khng nh cho cng ty. Bn cnh nhng thnh cng, vic m bo v nng cao cht lng sn phm lun l mc tiu quan trng ca cng ty p ng nhng yu cu ngy cng kht khe ca khch hng. V vy, trong thi gian nghin cu thc t ti cng ty c phn may L Trc vi s gip v khuyn khch ca thy gio Hong Vn Liu, cc c ch, anh ch trong cng ty em chn ti: Mt s phng hng v bin php c bn nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm ti cng ty c phn may L Trc lm kho lun tt nghip nhm phn tch thc trng cht lng sn phm v qun tr cht lng sn phm, bn cnh t nhng kin thc hc em xin ng gp phn nh cng sc ca mnh a ra nhng quan im, phng hng v bin php nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm ca cng ty, gip cng ty nng cao v tr cnh tranh trn th trng. Ngoi li ni u v danh mc ti liu tham kho kho lun gm ba chng: Chng I: Nhng vn c bn v cht lng v nng cao cht lng sn phm trong cc doanh nghip cng nghip. Chng II: Thc trng cht lng sn phm v qun tr cht lng sn phm ti cng ty may L Trc. Chng III: Mt s bin php nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm cng ty c phn may L Trc. Em xin chn thnh cm n thy Hong Vn Liu tn tnh hng dn em ng thi chu xin cm n cc c ch v anh ch trong cng ty c phn may L Trc gip rt nhiu trong vic thu thp s liu d hon thnh kho lun tt nghip. V thi gian v trnh cn hn ch nn kho lun khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, em rt mong nhn c s gp , ch dn ca thy c, cc c ch, anh ch trong cng ty c phn may L Trc em hon thnh tt nht ti ca mnh.

Chng I Nhng vn c bn v cht lng v nng cao cht lng sn phm trong cc doanh nghip cng nghip
1.1. Khi nim, phn loi v vai tr ca cht lng sn phm trong doanh nghip cng nghip.

Trong iu kin kinh t th trng, cc doanh nghip c t do cnh tranh vi nhau trn mi phng din nhm t c li nhun ti a. Vic cnh tranh ny thnh cng hay tht bi ph thuc rt ln vo cht lng sn phm ca doanh nghip . Do vy, cc doanh nghip ngy cng quan tm nghim tc n cht lng sn phm v s dng yu t ny lm th v kh li hi loi b cc i th cnh tranh khc trn th trng l iu tt yu. Hin nay, cht lng sn phm ang c ch trng nghin cu v c a vo ging dy nh mt mn hc chnh trong cc trng i hc, Trung cp .... iu ny cho thy s tin b trong nhn thc ca sinh vin, ngi tiu dng ni ring v trong ngnh khoa hc kinh t nc ta ni chung. 1.1.1. Khi nim v phn loi cht lng sn phm. 1.1.1.1. Khi nim: Cht lng l mt phm tr rng v phc tp m con ngi thng hay gp trong cc lnh vc hot ng ca mnh, nht l lnh vc kinh t, k thut, x hi, tm l, thi quen ca con ngi. Hin nay, c rt nhiu nh ngha khc nhau v cht lng sn phm tu thuc vo gc xem xt, quan nim ca mi nc trong tng giai on pht trin kinh t x hi nht nh v nhm nhng mc ch ring bit. Nhng nhn chung mi quan nim u c nhng cn c khoa hc v ngha thc tin khc nhau, u c nhng ng gp nht nh thc y khoa hc qun tr cht lng khng ngng hon thin v pht trin. Theo quan nim ca h thng x hi ch ngha trc y m Lin X l i din: Cht lng sn phm l tng hp nhng c tnh kinh t - k thut ni ti phn nh gi tr s dng v chc nng ca sn phm , p ng nhng nhu cu nh trc cho n trong nhng iu kin xc nh v kinh t - k thut. V mt kinh t quan im ny phn nh ng bn cht ca sn phm qua d dng nh gi c mc cht lng sn phm t c, v vy m xc dnh c r rng nhng c tnh v ch tiu no cn c hon thin. Tuy nhin cht lng sn phm ch c xem xt mt cch bit lp, tch ri vi th trng, lm cho cht lng sn phm khng thc s gn vi nhu cu v s vn ng, bin i nhu cu trn th trng vi iu kin c th v hiu qu kinh t ca tng doanh nghip. Khim khuyt ny xut pht t vic cc nc x hi ch ngha sn xut theo k hoch, tiu th theo k hoch, do m sn phm sn xut ra khng cung cp cho th trng, cht lng sn phm th khng theo kp nhu cu th trng nhng vn tiu th c. Mt khc, trong c ch

k hoch ho tp trung, nn kinh t pht trin khp kn, cha c s m ca hi nhp vi cc nc trn th gii nn khng c s cnh tranh v sn phm, cht lng vn cha c nh gi cao trn th trng. Nhng khi nn kinh t nc ta bc sang c ch th trng, cc mi quan h kinh t i ngoi c m rng, cc doanh nghip c t do cnh tranh th nhu cu i hi ca ngi tiu dng v sn phm l im xut pht cho mi hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. Mt nh kinh t hc ni: Sn xut nhng g m ngi tiu dng cn ch khng sn xut nhng g m ta c. Do vy nh ngha trn khng cn ph hp v thch nghi vi mi trng ny na. Quan im v cht lng phi c nhn nhn mt cch khch quan, nng ng hn. Khi xem xt cht lng sn phm phi lun gn lin vi nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng trn th trng vi chin lc kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Tuy nhin, vn c nhng quan nim cha ch n vn ny: - Cc chuyn gia k thut cho rng: Cht lng sn phm l mt h thng cc c tnh kinh t - k thut ni ti ca cc sn phm c xc nh bng cc thng s c th so snh c. Quan nim ny ch ch n mt mt l k thut ca sn phm m cha ch n chi ph v li ch ca sn phm. - Cn theo cc nh sn xut li cho rng: Cht lng ca mt sn phm no l mc m sn phm th hin c nhng yu cu, nhng ch tiu thit k hay nhng ch tiu cho sn phm y. Quan nim ny cng cha ch ti mt kinh t. Nhng quan nim trn nh gi v cht lng cha y , ton din, do nhng quan nim mi c a ra gi l quan nim cht lng hng theo khch hng: Cht lng nm trong con mt ca ngi mua, cht lng sn phm l tng th cc c trng kinh - t k thut ca sn phm th hin c s tho mn nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng trong nhng iu kin tiu dng xc nh ph hp vi cng dng ca sn phm m ngi tiu dng mong mun. Quan nim ny tp trung ch yu vo vic nghin cu, tm hiu khch hng. Cc c im kinh t - k thut phn nh cht lng sn phm khi chng tho mn c nhng i hi ca ngi tiu dng. Ch c nhng c tnh p ng c nhu cu ca hng ho mi l cht lng sn phm. Cn mc p ng nhu cu l c s nh gi trnh cht lng sn phm t c. y l quan nim c trng v ph bin trong gii kinh doanh hin i. C rt nhiu tc gi cng theo quan nim ny vi nhng cch din t khc nhau: - Grosby: Cht lng l s ph hp vi nhng yu cu hay c tnh nht nh. - J.Juran: Cht lng l s ph hp vi s dng, vi cng dng. - A.Feigenboun: Cht lng sn phm l tp hp cc c tnh k thut, cng ngh v vn hnh ca sn phm nh chng m sn phm p ng c cc yu cu ca ngi tiu dng khi s dng. Phn ln cc chuyn gia v cht lng trong nn kinh t th trng coi cht lng sn phm l s ph hp vi nhu cu hay mc ch s dng. Tuy nhin, theo nhng quan nim ny cht lng sn phm khng c coi l cao nht v tt nht m ch l s ph hp vi nhu cu. Do vy, c th khi qut ho nhm pht huy nhng mt tch cc v khc phc nhng mt hn ch ca cc quan

nim trn, t chc tiu chun quc t ISO ( International Organization for Standardization ) a ra khi nim: Cht lng l tp hp cc c tnh ca mt thc th (i tng) to cho thc th (i tng) kh nng tho mn nhng nhu cu nu ra hoc tim n. Gio trnh Qun l cht lng trong cc t chc NXB gio dc 2002. y l quan nim hin i nht c nhiu nc chp nhn v s dng kh ph bin hin nay. Cht lng sn phm l tp trung nhng thuc tnh lm cho sn phm c kh nng tho mn nhng nhu cu nht nh ph hp vi cng dng ca n. Tp hp cc thuc tnh y khng phi ch l php cng n thun m cn l s tng tc h tr ln nhau. Cht lng khng th c quyt nh bi cng nhn sn xut hay t trng phn xng, phng qun l cht lng m phi c quyt nh bi nh qun l cao cp - nhng ngi thit lp h thng lm vic ca cng ty nhng cng l trch nhim ca mi ngi trong cng ty. Do , cht lng khng phi l t nhin sinh ra m cn phi c qun l. R rng, cht lng phi lin quan n mi ngi trong quy trnh v phi c hiu trong ton b t chc. Trn thc t, iu then cht i vi cht lng trc ht l phi xc nh r khch hng ca mi ngi trong t chc ngha l khng ch vn dng ch Khch hng i vi nhng ngi bn ngoi thc s mua hoc s dng sn phm cui cng m cn m rng v bao gm bt c ai m mt c nhn cung ng mt chi tit sn phm. tho mn yu cu kht khe ca khch hng, cht lng phi c xem nh mt chin lc kinh doanh c bn. Chin lc ny c thnh cng hay khng ph thuc vo s tho mn hin hu hoc tim n ca khch hng bn trong ln bn ngoi. Ci gi c cht lng l phi lin tc xem xt cc yu cu tho mn v kh nng p ng ca doanh nghip nh: trnh khoa hc cng ngh, ti nng ca nhn vin, trnh qun l ca lnh o. iu ny s dn n trit l v Ci tin lin tc . Nu m bo c cc yu cu u c p ng mi giai on, mi thi gian th s thu c nhng li ch thc s to ln v mt tng sc cnh tranh v t trng chim lnh th trng, gim bt tn ph, tng nng sut, tng khi lng giao hng, loi b c lng ph. 1.1.1.2. Phn loi cht lng sn phm. tho mn nhu cu khch hng, cc doanh nghip phi khng ngng nng cao cht lng sn phm. theo ui cht lng cao, cc doanh nghip cn phi xem xt gii hn v kh nng ti chnh, cng ngh, kinh t, x hi. V vy, i hi cc doanh nghip phi nm chc cc loi cht lng sn phm: - Cht lng thit k: L gi tr cc ch tiu c trng ca sn phm c phc ho qua vn bn trn c s nghin cu nhu cu th trng, cc c im ca sn xut - tiu dng ng thi c so snh vi ch tiu cht lng cc mt hng tng t cng loi ca nhiu hng, nhiu cng ty trong v ngoi nc. - Cht lng tiu chun: L gi tr cc ch tiu c trng c cp c thm quyn ph chun. Da trn c s nghin cu cht lng thit k, cc c quan Nh nc, cc doanh nghip ... iu chnh, xt duyt nhng ch tiu cht lng ca sn phm hng ho.

Nh vy, cht lng chun l cn c cc doanh nghip nh gi cht lng hng ho da trn nhng tiu chun c ph chun. - Cht lng thc t: Cht lng thc t ca sn phm phn nh gi tr cc ch tiu cht lng sn phm thc t t c do cc yu t chi phi nh nguyn vt liu, my mc thit b, phng php qun l ... . - Cht lng cho php: L mc cho php v lch cc ch tiu cht lng ca sn phm gia cht lng thc t vi cht lng chun. Cht lng cho php ca sn phm ph thuc vo iu kin kinh t - k thut, trnh lnh ngh ca cng nhn, phng php qun l ca doanh nghip. - Cht lng ti u: L gi tr cc ch tiu cht lng sn phm t c mc hp l nht trong iu kin kinh t - x hi nht nh. Ni cch khc, sn phm hng ho t mc cht lng ti u l cc ch tiu cht lng sn phm tho mn nhu cu ngi tiu dng, c kh nng cnh tranh vi nhiu hng trn th trng, sc tiu th nhanh v t hiu qu cao. Phn u a cht lng ca sn phm hng ho t mc cht lng ti u l mt trong nhng mc ch quan trng ca qun l doanh nghip ni ring v qun l kinh t ni chung. 1.1.2. Vai tr ca cht lng sn phm. C ch th trng to ng lc mnh m thc y s pht trin ca cc doanh nghip v nn kinh t. ng thi, n cng t ra nhng thch thc i vi doanh nghip qua s chi phi ca cc qui lut kinh t trong c qui lut cnh tranh. Nn kinh t th trng cho php cc doanh nghip t do cnh tranh vi nhau trn mi phng din. Cht lng sn phm to ra sc hp dn thu ht ngi mua. Mi sn phm c rt nhiu cc thuc tnh cht lng khc nhau, cc thuc tnh ny c coi l mt trong nhng yu t c bn to nn li th cnh tranh ca mi doanh nghip. Khch hng hng quyt nh la chn mua hng vo nhng sn phm c cc thuc tnh ph hp vi s thch, nhu cu v kh nng, iu kin s dng ca mnh. H so snh cc sn phm cng loi v la chn loi hng no c nhng thuc tnh kinh t - k thut tho mn nhng mong i ca h mc cao hn. Bi vy sn phm c cc thuc tnh cht lng cao l mt trong nhng cn c quan trng cho quyt nh la chn mua hng v nng cao kh nng cnh tranh ca doanh nghip. i vi cc doanh nghip cng nghip, cht lng sn phm lun lun l mt trong nhng nhn t quan trng nht quyt nh kh nng cnh tranh trn th trng. Cht lng sn phm l c s doanh nghip thc hin chin lc Marketing, m rng th trng, to uy tn v danh ting cho sn phm ca doanh nghip, khng nh v tr ca sn phm trn th trng. T , ngi tiu dng s tin tng vo nhn mc ca sn phm v s dng sn phm ca doanh nghip lm c s cho s tn ti v pht trin lu di ca doanh nghip, nu c th s m rng th trng ra nc ngoi. Chnh iu ny to ng lc to ln buc cc doanh nghip ngy cng phi hon thin phc v khch hng c tt nht.

Hiu qu kinh t, s thnh cng ca mt doanh nghip khng ch ph thuc vo s pht trin sn xut c nng sut cao, tiu th vi khi lng ln m cn c to thnh bi s tit kim c bit l tit kim nguyn vt liu, thit b v lao ng trong qu trnh sn xut. Mun lm c iu ny, ch c th thc hin bng cch lun nng cao cht lng sn phm vi mc tiu Lm ng ngay t u s hn ch c chi ph phi b ra cho nhng ph phm. Vic lm ny khng nhng em li li ch kinh t cho doanh nghip m cn tc ng tch cc n nn kinh t ca t nc thng qua vic tit kim ti nguyn thin nhin, gim bt nhng vn v nhim mi trng. Nng cao cht lng sn phm to iu kin cho doanh nghip i su tm ti nghin cu cc tin b khoa hc k thut v ng dng n vo qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. Trn c s , doanh nghip tin hnh u t i mi cng ngh nhm gim lao ng sng, lao ng qu kh, tit kim nguyn vt liu v nng cao nng lc sn xut. Do vy, gim c chi ph, h gi thnh sn phm t gip doanh nghip t c mc tiu kinh doanh ca mnh l nng cao li nhun, y ng thi cng l iu kin doanh nghip tn ti v pht trin. Khi doanh nghip t c li nhun cao, s c iu kin m bo vic lm n nh cho ngi lao ng, tng thu nhp cho h, lm cho h tin tng gn b vi doanh nghip t ng gp ht sc mnh vo cng vic sn xut kinh doanh. i vi nn kinh t quc dn, vic tng cht lng sn phm ng ngha vi vic ngi dn c tiu dng nhng sn phm c cht lng tt hn vi tui th lu di hn, gp phn lm gim u t chi ph cho sn xut sn phm v hn ch c ph thi gy nhim mi trng. Hn na, nng cao cht lng cn gip cho ngi tiu dng tit kim c thi gian v sc lc khi s dng sn phm do cc doanh nghip cung cp. Suy cho cng l nhng li ch m mc tiu ca vic sn xut v cung cp sn phm a li cho con ngi. Bi vy, cht lng v lun l yu t quan trng s mt i vi c doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng. Cht lng sn phm khng ch lm tng uy tn ca nc ta trn th trng quc t m cn l cch tng cng ngun thu nhp ngoi t cho t nc qua vic xut khu sn phm t cht lng cao ra nc ngoi.
1.2. c im v h thng ch tiu nh gi cht lng sn phm.

1.2.1. c im ca cht lng sn phm. Cht lng sn phm l mt phm tr kinh t - x hi, cng ngh tng hp lun thay i theo khng gian v thi gian, ph thuc cht ch vo mi trng v iu kin kinh doanh c th trong tng thi k. Mi sn phm c c trng bng cc tnh cht, c im ring bit ni ti ca bn thn sn phm. Nhng c tnh phn nh tnh khch quan ca bn thn sn phm th hin trong qu trnh hnh thnh v s dng sn phm. Nhng c tnh khch quan ny ph thuc rt ln vo trnh thit k qui nh cho sn phm. Mi tnh cht c biu th bng cc ch tiu l, ho nht nh c th o lng, nh gi c v vy ni n cht lng l phi thng qua h thng ch tiu, tiu chun c th.

Ni n cht lng sn phm l phi xem xt sn phm tho mn n mc nhu cu no ca khch hng. Mc tho mn ph thuc rt ln vo cht lng thit k v nhng tiu chun c t ra cho mi sn phm. Cht lng sn phm cn mang tnh dn tc th hin truyn thng tiu dng. Mi dn tc, mi quc gia, mi vng u c th hiu tiu dng khc nhau. Mi sn phm c th c coi l tt ni ny nhng li khng tt, khng ph hp ni khc. Trong kinh doanh khng th c mt nhu cu nh nhau cho tt c cc vng m cn cn c vo hon cnh c th ra phng n cht lng cho ph hp. Cht lng chnh l s ph hp v mi mt vi yu cu ca khch hng. Khi ni n cht lng, cn phn bit r c tnh cht lng ch quan v khch quan ca sn phm. - c tnh khch quan th hin trong cht lng tun th thit k: Khi sn phm sn xut ra c nhng c tnh kinh t - k thut cng gn vi tiu chun thit k th cht lng cng cao, c phn nh thng qua t l ph phm, sn phm hng, loi b sn phm khng t yu cu thit k. Loi cht lng ny ph thuc cht ch vo tnh cht, c im, trnh cng ngh v trnh t chc qun l, sn xut ca cc doanh nghip. Loi cht lng ny nh hng rt ln n kh nng cnh tranh v gi c ca sn phm. - Cht lng trong s ph hp: Cht lng ph thuc vo mc ph hp ca sn phm thit k so vi yu cu v mong mun ca khch hng. Mc ph hp cng cao th cht lng cng cao. Loi cht lng ny ph thuc vo mong mun v s nh gi ch quan ca ngi tiu dng. V vy n tc ng mnh m n kh nng tiu th sn phm. 1.2.2. H thng ch tiu phn nh cht lng sn phm. Cht lng sn phm c phn nh thng qua mt h thng cc ch tiu c th. Nhng ch tiu cht lng chnh l cc thng s kinh t - k thut v cc c tnh ring c ca sn phm, phn nh tnh hu ch ca sn phm. Cc ch tiu ny khng tn ti mt cch c lp m c mi quan h khng kht vi nhau. Mi loi sn phm c th c nhng ch tiu mang tnh tri v quan trng hn nhng ch tiu khc. V vy cc doanh nghip cn phi quyt nh la chn nhng ch tiu no quan trng nht sn phm ca mnh mang c sc thi ring, d dng phn bit vi nhng sn phm khc ng loi trn th trng. C rt nhiu cc ch tiu phn nh cht lng sn phm, sau y l mt s nhm ch tiu c th: Cc ch tiu chc nng, cng dng ca sn phm: chnh l nhng c tnh c bn ca sn phm a li nhng li ch nht nh v gi tr s dng, tnh hu ch ca chng p ng c nhng i hi cn thit ca ngi tiu dng. Cc ch tiu v tin cy: c trng cho thuc tnh ca sn phm, gi c kh nng lm vic chnh xc, tin cy trong mt khong thi gian xc nh. Cc ch tiu v tui th: Th hin thi gian tn ti c ch ca sn phm trong qu trnh p ng nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng.

 Cc ch tiu lao ng hc: c trng cho quan h gia ngi v sn phm trong hon cnh thun li nht nh. Ch tiu thm m: c trng cho s truyn cm, s hp dn v hnh thc v s hi ho v kt cu sn phm. Ch tiu cng ngh: c trng cho qu trnh ch to, bo m tit kim ln nht cc chi ph. Ch tiu sinh thi: Th hin mc c hi ca vic sn xut sn phm tc ng n mi trng. Ch tiu thng nht ho: c trng cho mc s dng sn phm, cc b phn c tiu chun ho, thng nht ho v mc thng nht vi cc sn phm khc. Ch tiu an ton: c trng cho tnh bo m an ton v sc kho cng nh tnh mng ca ngi sn xut v ngi tiu dng. Ch tiu chi ph, gi c: c trng cho hao ph x hi cn thit to nn sn phm. Ngoi ra nh gi, phn tch tnh hnh thc hin cht lng gia cc b phn, gia cc thi k sn xut ta cn c cc ch tiu so snh nh sau: - T l sai hng phn tch tnh hnh sai hng trong sn xut: * Dng thc o hin vt tnh, ta c cng thc: T l sai hng = S lng sn phm sai hng SLSP sai hng + SLSP tt x 100(%)

Trong , s sn phm hng bao gm c sn phm hng c th sa cha cv sn phm hng khng th sa cha c. * Nu dng thc o gi tr tnh ta c cng thc: Chi ph v sn phm hng x 100(%) Gi thnh cng xng ca sn phm hng ho Trong chi ph sn phm hng bao gm chi ph v sn phm hng sa cha c v chi ph v sn phm hng khng sa cha c. Trn c s tnh ton v t l sai hng , ta c th so snh gia k ny vi k trc hoc nm nay vi nm trc. Nu t l sai hng k ny so vi k trc nh hn ngha l cht lng k ny tt hn k trc v ngc li. - Dng th hng cht lng sn phm: so snh th hng cht lng sn phm ca k ny so vi k trc ngi ta cn c vo mt cng dng, thm m v cc ch tiu v mt c, l, ho ca sn phm. Nu th hng km th c bn vi mc gi thp cn nu th hng cao th s c bn vi gi cao. nh gi th hng cht lng sn phm ta c th s dng phng php gi n v bnh qun. T l sai hng =

Cng thc tnh nh sau:

n

Qi.Pki
P = Trong : P : Gi n v bnh qun Pki : Gi n v k gc ca th hng i Qi : S lng sn phm sn xut ca th hng i Theo phng php ny, ta tnh gi n v bnh qun ca k phn tch v k k hoch. Sau so snh gi n v bnh qun k phn tch so vi k k hoch, nu gi n v bnh qun k phn tch cao hn k k hoch ta kt lun doanh nghip hon thnh k hoch cht lng sn phm v ngc li. sn xut kinh doanh sn phm, doanh nghip phi xy dng tiu chun cht lng sn phm, phi ng k v c cc c quan qun l cht lng sn phm nh nc k duyt. Tu theo tng loi sn phm, tng iu kin ca doanh nghip m xy dng tiu chun cht lng sn phm sao cho p ng c yu cu ca nh qun l v ngi tiu dng.
1.3. Nng cao cht lng sn phm l bin php c bn tng kh nng cnh tranh ca doanh nghip.
i =1 n

Qi
i =1

1.3.1.Cc nhn t tc ng n cht lng sn phm. Cht lng sn phm chu nh hng bi nhiu nhn t khc nhau, ch trn c s xc nh y cc yu t th mi xut c cc bin php khng ngng nng cao cht lng sn phm v t chc qun l cht ch qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. Mi mt ngnh sn xut kinh doanh c nhng c im ring tuy nhin c th chia thnh hai nhm nhn t ch yu: nhm nhn t bn trong v nhm nhn t bn ngoi doanh nghip. 1.3.1.1.Nhm nhn t bn trong doanh nghip. - Nhm yu t nguyn vt liu( Materials): Nguyn vt liu l mt yu t tham gia trc tip cu thnh thc th ca sn phm. Nhng c tnh ca nguyn liu s c a vo sn phm v vy cht lng nguyn liu nh hng trc tip n cht lng sn phm sn xut ra. Khng th c sn phm tt t nguyn vt liu km cht lng. Mun c sn phm t cht lng (theo yu cu th trng, thit k...) iu trc tin, nguyn vt liu ch to sn phm phi m bo nhng yu cu v cht lng, mt khc phi bo m cung cp cho c s sn xut nhng nguyn vt liu

ng s lng, ng cht lng, ng k hn. Nh vy, c s sn xut mi ch ng n nh qu trnh sn xut v thc hin ng k hoch cht lng ra. - Nhm yu t k thut - cng ngh - thit b (Machines): i vi nhng doanh nghip cng nghip, my mc v cng ngh, k thut sn xut lun l mt trong nhng yu t c bn c tc ng mnh m nht n cht lng sn phm, n quyt nh vic hnh thnh cht lng sn phm. Nhiu doanh nghip coi cng ngh l cha kho ca s pht trin. Trong sn xut hng ho, ngi ta s dng v phi trn nhiu nguyn vt liu khc nhau v thnh phn, v tnh cht v v cng dng. Nm vng c c tnh ca nguyn vt liu thit k sn phm l iu cn thit song trong qu trnh ch to, vic theo di kho st cht lng sn phm theo t l phi trn l iu quan trng m rng mt hng, thay th nguyn vt liu, xc nh ng n cc ch gia cng khng ngng nng cao cht lng sn phm . Cng ngh: Qu trnh cng ngh c nh hng ln quyt nh cht lng sn phm. y l qu trnh phc tp, va lm thay i t nhiu hoc b sung, ci thin nhiu tnh cht ban u ca nguyn vt liu sao cho ph hp vi cng dng ca n. Ngoi yu t k thut - cng ngh cn phi ch n vic la chn thit b. Kinh nghim t thc t cho thy k thut v cng ngh c i mi nhng thit b lc hu, c k kh c th to ra sn phm cht lng cao ph hp vi nhu cu ca khch hng. Cho nn nhm yu t k thut - cng ngh - thit b c mi quan h tng h kh cht ch khng nhng gp phn vo vic nng cao cht lng sn phm m cn tng tnh cnh tranh ca sn phm trn thng trng, a dng ho chng loi nhm tho mn nhu cu tiu dng, to ra nhiu sn phm c cht lng cao, gi thnh h . Vi nhng doanh nghip c dy chuyn sn xut ng lot, tnh t ng ho cao th c kh nng gim c lao ng sng m vn tng nng sut lao ng. - Nhm yu t phng php t chc qun l ( Methods ): Trnh qun tr ni chung v trnh qun tr cht lng ni ring l mt trong nhng nhn t c bn gp phn y nhanh tc ci tin, hon thin cht lng sn phm ca cc doanh nghip. Mt doanh nghip nu nhn thc c r vai tr ca cht lng trong cuc chin cnh tranh th doanh nghip s c ng li, chin lc kinh doanh ng n quan tm n vn cht lng. Trn c s , cc cn b qun l to ra s phi hp ng b nhp nhng gia cc khu, cc yu t ca qu trnh sn xut nhm mc ch cao nht l hon thin cht lng sn phm. Trnh ca cn b qun l s nh hng n kh nng xc nh chnh sch, mc tiu cht lng v cch thc t chc ch o thc hin chng trnh k hoch cht lng. Cn b qun l phi bit cch lm cho mi cng nhn hiu c vic m bo v nng cao cht lng khng phi l ring ca b phn KCS hay ca mt t cng nhn sn xut m n phi l nhim v chung ca ton doanh nghip. ng thi cng tc qun l cht lng tc ng mnh m n cng nhn sn xut thng qua ch khen thng hay pht hnh chnh t nng cao thc lao ng v tinh thn c gng hon thnh tt nhim v c giao. V vy, cht lng ca hot ng qun l chnh l s phn nh cht lng hot ng ca doanh nghip .

- Nhm yu t con ngi ( Men ): Nhm yu t con ngi bao gm cn b lnh o cc cp, cn b cng nhn vin trong mt n v v ngi tiu dng. y l nhn t c nh hng quyt nh n cht lng sn phm. D trnh cng ngh c hin i n u, nhn t con ngi vn c coi l nhn t cn bn nht tc ng n hot ng qun l v nng cao cht lng sn phm. Bi ngi lao ng chnh l ngi s dng my mc thit b sn xut ra sn phm, bn cnh c rt nhiu tc ng, thao tc phc tp i hi k thut kho lo, tinh t m ch c con ngi mi lm c. + i vi cn b lnh o cc cp cn c nhn thc mi v vic nng cao cht lng sn phm c nhng ch trng, nhng chnh sch ng n v cht lng sn phm th hin trong mi quan h sn xut v tiu dng, cc bin php khuyn khch tinh thn vt cht, quyn u tin cung cp nguyn vt liu, gi c, t l li vay vn... + i vi cn b cng nhn vin trong mt n v kinh t trong mt doanh nghip cn phi c nhn thc rng vic nng cao cht lng sn phm l trch nhim ca mi thnh vin, l s sng cn, l quyn li thit thn i vi s tn ti v pht trin ca doanh nghip v cng l ca chnh bn thn mnh. S phn chia cc yu t trn ch l qui c. Tt c 4 nhm yu t trn u nm trong mt th thng nht v trong mi quan h hu c vi nhau. Trong phm vi mt doanh nghip, vic kho st cc yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm theo s :

Biu 1.1 : Quy tc 4M ( Materials ) Nguyn vt liu. Nng lng Cht lng sn phm

( Men ) Lnh o CBCN vin. Ngi tiu dng

( Machines ) K thut cng ngh Methods Phng php t chc qun l

1.3.1.2. Nhm nhn t bn ngoi doanh nghip. Cht lng sn phm hng ho l kt qu ca qu trnh thc hin mt s bin php tng hp: kinh t - k thut, hnh chnh, x hi... nhng yu t va nu trn (quy tc 4M) mang tnh cht ca lc lng sn xut. Nu xt v quan h sn xut th cht lng sn phm hng ho li cn ph thuc cht ch vo cc yu t sau : - Nhu cu ca nn kinh t: Cht lng sn phm chu s chi phi bi cc iu kin c th ca nn kinh t c th hin cc mt: nhu cu ca th trng, trnh kinh t, kh nng cung ng ca sn xut, chnh sch kinh t ca nh nc... Nhu cu th trng l im xut pht ca qu trnh qun l cht lng to ng lc, nh hng cho ci tin v hon thin cht lng sn phm. C cu tnh cht, c im v xu hng vn ng ca nhu cu tc ng trc tip n cht lng sn phm. Nhu cu ca th trng rt phong ph v a dng v s lng, chng loi nhng kh nng kinh t th c hn : ti nguyn, vn u t, trnh k thut cng ngh, i mi trang thit b, k nng k xo ca cn b cng nhn vin... Nh vy cht lng ca sn phm cn ph thuc vo kh nng hin thc ca ton b nn kinh t. - Trnh tin b khoa hc - cng ngh: Trong thi i ngy nay, s pht trin nh v bo ca khoa hc cng ngh hin i trn qui m ton th gii ang thm nhp v chi phi hu ht cc lnh vc ca x hi loi ngi. Cht lng ca bt k mt sn phm no cng u gn lin vi s pht trin khoa hc k thut hin i, chu k cng ngh sn phm c rt ngn, cng dng sn phm ngy cng phong ph, a dng nhng chnh v vy khng bao gi tho mn vi mc cht lng hin ti m phi thng xuyn theo di nhng bin ng ca th trng v s i mi ca khoa hc k thut lin quan n nguyn vt liu, k thut, cng ngh, thit b... iu chnh kp thi nhm hon thin cht lng sn phm p ng gn nh trit yu cu ca ngi tiu dng. c bit, i vi cc doanh nghip cng nghip c c trng ch yu l s dng nhiu loi my mc thit b khc nhau sn xut sn phm do vy khoa hc cng ngh c nh hng rt ln n nng sut lao ng v l ng lc thc y s pht trin ca doanh nghip. - Hiu lc ca c ch qun l: Kh nng ci tin, nng cao cht lng sn phm ca mi doanh nghip ph thuc cht ch vo c ch qun l ca mi nc. C ch qun l va l mi trng, va l iu kin cn thit tc ng n phng hng, tc ci tin cht lng sn phm. Thng qua c ch v cc chnh sch qun l v m ca nh nc to iu kin thun li v kch thch: Tnh c lp, t ch sng to trong vic nng cao cht lng sn phm ca cc doanh nghip. H tr ngun vn u t, thay i trang thit b cng ngh v hnh thnh mi trng thun li cho huy ng cng ngh mi, tip thu ng dng nhng phng php qun tr cht lng hin i.

 To s cnh tranh lnh mnh, cng bng gia cc doanh nghip, kin quyt loi b nhng doanh nghip sn xut hng gi, hng nhi. Nh nc cn tc ng mnh m n vic nng cao cht lng sn phm thng qua vic cng nhn s hu c quyn cc pht minh, ci tin nhm ngy cng hon thin sn phm. Nh nc qui nh cc tiu chun v cht lng ti thiu m cc doanh nghip cn t c thng qua vic ng k cht lng sn xut. Hiu lc ca c ch qun l l n by quan trng trong vic qun l cht lng sn phm, m bo s bnh ng v pht trin n nh qu trnh sn xut, m bo uy tn v quyn li ca nh sn xut v ngi tiu dng. - iu kin t nhin : iu kin t nhin c th lm thay i tnh cht c, l, ho ca sn phm qua: Kh hu, cc tia bc x mt tri c th lm thay i mu sc, mi v ca sn phm hay cc loi nguyn vt liu sn xut ra sn phm. Ma, gi, bo lm cho sn phm b ngm nc gy , mc. m cao v qu trnh xy ho mnh gy ra r st, xm xn....lm bin i hoc gim cht lng sn phm. Vi sinh vt, cn trng ch yu tc ng vo qu trnh ln men, ti sng hay an ton v sinh thc phm. Nh vy, cc doanh nghip cn ch bo qun sn phm ca mnh thng qua vic nm bt cc tnh cht c, l, ho ca sn phm phng trnh s hao mn, gim gi tr sn phm do iu kin mi trng t nhin gy ra. - Cc yu t v phong tc, vn ho, thi quen tiu dng : Ngoi cc yu t mang tnh khch quan va nu trn, cc yu t v phong tc, vn ho, thi quen tiu dng cng nh hng mnh n cht lng sn phm m cc nh sn xut phi c gng p ng. S thch tiu dng ca tng nc, tng dn tc, tng tn gio, tng tui khng hon ton ging nhau. Do , cc doanh nghip phi tin hnh iu tra nghin cu nhu cu s thch ca tng th trng c th nhm tho mn nhng yu cu v s lng v cht lng. 1.3.2. Cc bin php ch yu nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm. 1.3.2.1. ng dng tin b khoa hc k thut vo sn xut. Cc doanh nghip sn xut nc ta c mt im yu c bn l trang thit b my mc lc hu, h hng nhiu, lao ng th cng vn chim t l cao. iu ny hn ch s pht trin ca sn xut, lm gim nng sut lao ng cng nh cha m bo cht lng sn phm. V l , cc mt hng sn phm sn xut ti Vit Nam rt kh tm c ch ng trn th trng th gii. Hn na, nh nhng thnh tu khoa hc k thut m hng ho c sn xut vi hm lng k thut cao do cc nc ngoi thm nhp vo th trng Vit Nam c tc ng rt ln n tm l ngi tiu dng nn nhu cu ca h ngy cng theo hng cht lng cao v hin i hn. C th ni, s tin b khoa hc k thut ngy nay tr thnh mt ng lc mnh m

thc y nn kinh t. Hn lc no ht, qu trnh ng dng tin b khoa hc k thut vo sn xut mang tnh quan trng v cp bch. Mt khc, tin b khoa hc k thut cn l cht xc tc quan trng trong qu trnh i mi vn ln ca doanh nghip v cht lng. y mnh vic p dng nhng thnh tu ny vo sn xut chnh l qu trnh y li v trit tiu cch thc sn xut c lc hu, tu tin bung th to nn mt phong tro v phong cch sn xut mi c t duy nng ng, sng to. Bn cnh , pht huy c ht kh nng v nng lc ca tng ngi trong sn xut. y chnh l gii php cn bn nhng c bit quan trng v cn thit c nh hng trc tip ti cht lng sn phm hng ho, quyt nh s cnh tranh tn ti, pht trin doanh nghip, gp phn khng nh trong vic i mi ton b nn kinh t theo hng cng nghip ho, hin i ho, ph hp vi s pht trin chung ca th gii. Sn phm hng ho l kt qu ca s tc ng ca con ngi vo i tng lao ng thng qua cc cng c lao ng. Vic ng dng rng ri khoa hc k thut trong cc lnh vc qun l, vt liu, my mc thit b, cng ngh... trc tip to iu kin cho qu trnh sn xut c c cc sn phm c cht lng cao, hin i ph hp vi xu th tiu dng. y l mt hng i hiu qu nht v cng to c ch ng vng nht trong cuc chin cnh tranh. c th ng dng thnh cng nhng tin b khoa hc k thut vo sn xut hiu qu nht, cc doanh nghip c th thc hin theo nhng cch sau: + Th nht: Doanh nghip cn tp trung huy ng vn t c hoc vn vay tng bc mua sm v i mi c s vt cht bao gm : h thng dy chuyn sn xut cng ngh, h thng o lng v kim tra cht lng. Khi p dng cch ny, doanh nghip cn phi xem xt cn thn khi chn mua cc loi my mc cng ngh trnh mua phi nhng my mc c, tiu tn nhiu nhin - nguyn liu... Bn cnh , doanh nghip cng cn ch mi quan h v vn cng ngh tiu th. + Th hai: Trong iu kin hn ch v vn, cc doanh nghip c th tp trung ci tin cht lng theo hng ng vin, khuyn khch ngi lao ng c v vt cht ln tinh thn h khng ngng tm ti, hc hi pht huy ni lc a ra nhng sng kin ci tin k thut, tng cng bo dng, sa cha my mc thit b, qun l k thut c th s dng my mc thit b c lu di. + Th ba: Doanh nghip cn c chnh sch, quy ch tuyn chn, bi dng trng dng, i ng xng ng nhn ti. m bo iu kin cho cn b khoa hc chuyn tm vo vic nghin cu, t chc tt thng tin khoa hc p ng kp thi nhu cu thng tin phc v cho sn xut, to s gn kt gia khoa hc v o to vi qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. 1.3.2.2. Pht huy thc, nng cao tay ngh cho i ng cng nhn. Sn phm l kt qu ca s phi hp sc lao ng v t liu sn xut. Lao ng l cht xc tc ch yu phn bit thnh cng hay tht bi trong cng tc cht lng.

Lao ng c phn cng c th, c trch nhim v nng lc th cht lng sn phm c nng cao v ngc li. Trong iu kin ngy nay, khi nhiu doanh nghip thay i, ci tin cng ngh sn xut, hin i ho trang thit b th vn t ra l ngi cng nhn phi c trnh , hiu bit thch nghi vi trang thit b mi. Mt khc, doanh nghip cng cn nng cao thc trch nhim ca ngi lao ng, gip h hiu c vai tr ca mnh i vi s tn ti v pht trin ca doanh nghip. tuyn chn lc lng cng nhn u vo, ban lnh o cn ra nhng tiu chun c th. Cc cng nhn phi tho mn c nhng yu cu ca cng vic sau mt thi gian th vic v phi m bo c sc kho. khng ngng nng cao v tri thc, trnh ngh nghip doanh nghip nn tuyn chn nhng cn b qun l, cng nhn sn xut trc tip i bi dng, o to nng cao ti cc trng i hc, cao ng, trung hc dy ngh... theo mt phm vi thi gian cho php khng nh hng n cng tc, sn xut. Ngoi ra, doanh nghip cng nn thng xuyn t chc cc cuc thi tay ngh la chn nhng ngi gii nht lm gng sng trong lao ng v hc tp t pht ng phong tro thi ua sn xut trong ton doanh nghip. Nu thc hin tt iu ny khng nhng cht lng sn phm c m bo m cn to ra nng sut lao ng cao hn gip doanh nghip hot ng n nh v tng bc m rng th trng. 1.3.2.3. Nng cao trnh qun l, c bit l qun l k thut. i ng cn b qun l l b phn cp cao trong doanh nghip. V vy, h phi l nhng ngi i u trong cc hot ng, cc phong tro hng dn ngi lao ng hiu r tng vic lm c th. Ban gim c phi nhn thc r nhim v ca mnh trong vic ci tin v nng cao cht lng sn phm, t ra ng li chin lc, tng bc du dt doanh nghip vn ln. B my qun l l yu t ch yu ca qu trnh kim tra, kim sot. B my qun l tt l b my phi da vo lao ng qun l c kinh nghim, c nng lc v c trch nhim cao vi s tn ti v pht trin ca doanh nghip. Cn b qun l phi bit cch huy ng kh nng ca cng nhn vo qu trnh ci to v nng cao cht lng sn phm, hp tc khoa hc k thut trong qu trnh sn xut nhm nng cao k nng cng ngh, trnh qun l v trnh sn xut. Hn na, cn b qun l cn i su tm hiu r nhu cu, nguyn vng ca tng cng nhn c gng p ng y cng tt nhng cng phi c ch thng pht nghim minh. B my qun l phi lm cho mi thnh vin trong doanh nghip hiu c vn nng cao cht lng sn phm l nhim v chung ca mi phng ban cng nh ca tt c cc thnh vin trong doanh nghip. 1.3.2.4. Nghin cu th trng nh hng cht lng sn phm.

Nhu cu ca con ngi l v tn m cc doanh nghip d c c gng n u cng kh c th chiu lng c ht i hi ca ngi tiu dng. Chnh v vy, doanh nghip nn i su gii quyt mt cch hi ho nht gia nhng mong mun ca khch hng vi kh nng sn xut c th p ng c. thc hin tt nht iu ny, cc doanh nghip cn phi nghin cu th trng phn khc th trng, phn bit tng loi khch hng c nhng yu cu i hi khc nhau t doanh nghip c th tin hnh phc v, cung cp sn phm tn tnh, chu o hn. Hn na, cc doanh nghip nn thnh lp mt phng Marketing m nhim vai tr nghin cu v khch hng, nhu cu th trng, i th cnh tranh... cung cp cc chnh sch v sn phm, gi c, phn phi. Cng vic ny s to iu kin thun li cho vic qung co v khuych trng sn phm. y l mt trong nhng phng ban tuy ch mi c coi trng trong nhng nm gn y nhng n cho thy hiu qu to ln qua vic gii quyt tt vn ph hp gia gi c, cht lng v th trng, gp phn nng cao kh nng cnh tranh ca doanh nghip. 1.3.2.5. Cc chnh sch ca Nh nc. Nh nc cn c cc chng trnh o to v gio dc cung cp kin thc kinh nghim cn thit i vi vic nng cao cht lng sn phm. Nh nc nn c nhiu vn bn ch th v phng hng bin php, chnh sch nng cao cht lng sn phm. Nh nc c cc chnh sch khuyn khch cc doanh nghip tham gia, cc hi ch, trin lm cc mt hng c cht lng cao v trao gii thng cho cc mt hng t cht lng cao nht, mu m p nht. Nh nc cng c nhng chnh sch cm nhp lu v c cc bin php cng rn i vi nhng c s sn xut hng gi. Nh thc y cc doanh nghip trong nc phi sn xut cc mt hng c cht lng cao, c kh nng cnh tranh trong nc v quc t. 1.3.3. ngha ca vic nng cao cht lng sn phm. Trong nn kinh t hng ho nhiu thnh phn vic m bo v nng cao cht lng sn phm c ngha v cng to ln i vi nn kinh t quc dn. i vi tng doanh nghip, m bo v nng cao cht lng c coi l mt chin lc c tm quan trng mang tnh sng cn. Cht lng, gi c v thi gian giao hng to thnh b khung tam gic vng quyt nh n s thnh bi ca doanh nghip trong cnh tranh. Nh c cht lng sn phm, dch v cao m uy tn ca doanh nghip c nng ln, khng nhng gi c nhng khch hng quen thuc m cn thu ht c nhng khch hng tim nng mi. Kt qu l th phn doanh nghip ngy cng c m rng, to c s lu di cho s pht trin ca doanh nghip.

Song song vi s tin b nh v bo ca thi i khoa hc cng ngh v thng tin, nn sn xut hng ho cng khng ngng pht trin, mc sng con ngi cng c ci thin th gn lin vi nhu cu v hng ho cng a dng, phong ph. Trong iu kin hin nay, gi c khng cn l mi quan tm duy nht th cht lng l cng c hu hiu nht doanh nghip cnh tranh. Nng cao cht lng sn phm ngha l tng tnh nng s dng, tui th, an ton ca sn phm, gim mc gy nhim mi trng, tit kim c ngun ti nguyn, tng gi tr s dng trn mt sn phm u ra. Nh tng kh nng tch lu cho ti sn xut, hin i ho cng ngh, my mc thit b, thc y tin b khoa hc k thut. Nng cao cht lng sn phm cn ng ngha vi tnh hu ch ca sn phm, tho mn nhu cu ngi tiu dng ng thi gim chi ph i mt n v sn phm nh hon thin qu trnh i mi, ci tin hot ng, ti thiu ho lng ph, ph phm hoc sn phm phi sa cha v vy m li nhun c tng cao.

Biu 1.2 : S biu din` cht lng lm tng li nhun. Cht lng T vic p ng c i hi ca khch hng T vic nhn thc c i hi ca khch hng

Gim hc ph

Tng nng sut

Gi tr ln hn

Tng th phn Chi ph thp hn Tng doanh thu Tng hiu qu s dng ti sn c nh Gim chi ph n v sn phm

Gia tng li nhun

Nng cao cht lng sn phm to c s cho doanh nghip m rng th trng trong nc v quc t, khc phc tnh trng hng sn xut ra khng tiu th c lm ngng tr sn xut, thiu vic lm, i sng kh khn. Sn xut sn phm cht lng cao, mi l, hp dn s p ng c th hiu ngi tiu dng, iu ny s kch thch vic i mi sn phm to iu kin cho doanh nghip tiu th sn phm nhanh vi s lng ln, gi tr bn tng cao. Thm ch c th gi v tr c quyn i vi nhng sn phm do c nhng li th ring bit so vi cc sn phm ng loi khc trn th trng. T , doanh nghip thu c li nhun cao, c iu kin n nh sn xut, nng cao hn na cht lng sn phm to ng lc cho doanh nghip pht trin v pht trin mnh m. Bn cnh , ngi lao ng c c vic lm n nh, tng thu nhp v c s tin tng gn b vi doanh nghip, c thc trch nhim v s sng to trong sn xut gip doanh nghip pht huy kh nng cnh tranh ca mnh. Trong iu kin nn kinh t nc ta m ca hi nhp vi th gii, cc doanh nghip c t do cnh tranh trong v ngoi nc. Hng nhp ngoi c mu m rt phong ph, a dng v rt tin li cho ngi s dng. Cc doanh nghip Vit Nam mun cnh tranh c vi cc doanh nghip nc ngoi cn phi bit vn dng chin lc c bn trc mt v lu di chnh l nng cao cht lng sn phm. Ch c sn phm, hng ho c cht lng cao doanh nghip mi m rng c th trng m c th y l m rng kh nng xut khu. y chnh l tin ho nhp vo th trng khu vc, th trng th gii, to iu kin pht trin kinh t nc nh. Tuy nhin, nu ch ch trng n nng cao cht lng sn phm m khng quan tm n chi ph dn n gi thnh qu cao khng c th trng chp nhn li l mt sai lm. V vy, khi cc doanh nghip a ra cc bin php nng cao cht lng sn phm cng cn ch n chi ph to ra sn phm , iu kin kinh t - x hi ca t nc, thu nhp trung bnh ca ngi tiu dng v th hiu ca h sn xut ra sn phm ph hp.
1.4. Qun tr cht lng sn phm l mt lnh vc quan trng bo m nng cao cht lng sn phm.

1.4.1. Khi nim, bn cht v nhim v ca qun tr cht lng sn phm. 1.4.1.1. Khi nim v qun tr cht lng. Cht lng khng phi t nhin sinh ra, cht lng khng phi l mt kt qu ngu nhin m n l kt qu ca s tc ng hng lot cc yu t c lin quan cht ch vi nhau. Mun t c cht lng mong mun cn phi qun l mt cch ng n cc yu t ny. Hot ng qun l trong lnh vc cht lng c gi l qun tr cht lng, do vy phi c hiu bit v kinh nghim ng n v qun tr cht lng mi gii quyt tt bi ton cht lng. Qun tr cht lng l mt khi nim c pht trin v hon thin lin tc, th hin ngy cng y hn bn cht tng hp phc tp ca vn cht lng v phn nh s thch ng vi iu kin mi trung kinh doanh mi. Tuy nhin, tu thuc vo

quan im nhn nhn khc nhau ca cc chuyn gia, cc nh nghin cu, tu thuc vo c trng ca nn kinh t m ngi ta a ra nhiu khi nim v qun tr cht lng. Sau y l mt s khi nim c bn c trng cho cc giai on pht trin khc nhau cng nh nn kinh t khc nhau: - Theo tiu chun quc gia Lin X: Qun tr cht lng l vic xy dng, m bo v duy tr mc tt yu ca sn phm khi thit k, ch to, lu thng v tiu dng - Qun tr cht lng ng b, JonhS Oakland. - Theo tiu chun cng nghip ca Nht Bn ( JIS Japan Industrial Standards ): Qun tr cht lng l h thng cc phng php to iu kin sn xut nhng hng ho c cht lng hoc a ra nhng dch v c cht lng tho mn nhu cu ngi tiu dng *Theo ISO 8402:1994: Qun tr cht lng l tp hp nhng hot ng ca chc nng qun tr chung, nhm xc nh chnh sch cht lng, mc ch cht lng, trch nhim v thc hin chng thng qua cc bin php nh lp k hoch cht lng, iu khin cht lng, m bo cht lng v ci tin cht lng trong khun kh mt h thng cht lng. Trong khi nim trn, chnh sch cht lng l v nh hng chung v cht lng ca mt t chc do lnh o cp cao nht ca t chc ra. Lp k hoch cht lng l cc hot ng thit lp mc ch v yu cu cht lng cng nh yu cu v vic thc hin cc yu t ca h thng cht lng. Kim sot cht lng l nhng hot ng v k thut c tnh tc nghip c s dng nhm thc hin cc yu cu cht lng. m bo cht lng l tp hp nhng hot ng c k hoch v c h thng c thc hin trong h thng cht lng v c chng minh mc cn thit rng thc th ( i tng ) s hon thnh y cc yu cu cht lng. Ci tin cht lng l nhng hot ng c thc hin trong ton b t chc nhm nng cao tnh hiu qu v hiu lc ca cc hot ng v qu trnh to thm li ch cho t chc v cc bn c lin quan. *Theo ISO 9000: 2000: Qun tr cht lng l cc hot ng c phi hp nhm ch o v kim sot mt t chc v cht lng. Trong khi nim trn ch o hoc kim sot mt t chc v cht lng thng bao gm thit lp chnh sch cht lng, mc tiu cht lng, hoch nh cht lng, kim sot cht lng, m bo v ci tin cht lng. Chnh sch cht lng l v nh hng chung ca t chc lin quan n cht lng do lnh o cp cao nht ca t chc ra. Mc tiu cht lng l mt phn ca qun tr cht lng l iu quan trng nht c tm kim hoc hng ti v cht lng. Hoch nh cht lng l mt phn ca qun tr cht lng tp trung vo vic thit lp cc mc tiu v nh r qu trnh tc nghip cn thit, cc ngun lc c lin quan tho mn cc mc tiu cht lng. Kim sot cht lng l mt phn ca qun tr cht lng tp trung vo vic tho mn cc yu cu cht lng.

m bo cht lng l mt phn ca qun tr cht lng tp trung vo vic to lng tin rng cc yu cu c tho mn. Ci tin cht lng l mt phn ca qun tr cht lng tp trung vo vic nng cao tnh hiu qu v hiu lc ca qu trnh to thm li ch cho t chc v cc bn c lin quan. 1.4.1.2. Bn cht ca qun tr cht lng. Qun tr cht lng l vic n nh mc tiu, ra nhim v, tm con ng t ti mt hiu qu cao nht. Mc tiu ca qun tr cht lng trong cc doanh nghip l m bo cht lng ph hp vi yu cu ca khch hng vi chi ph thp nht. l s kt hp gia nng cao nhng c tnh kinh t - k thut hu ch ca sn phm ng thi gim lng ph v khai thc mi tim nng m rng th trng. Thc hin tt cng tc qun tr cht lng s gip cc doanh nghip phn ng nhanh vi nhu cu th trng, mt khc cng gp phn gim chi ph trong sn xut kinh doanh. Thc cht ca qun tr cht lng l mt tp hp cc hot ng chc nng qun tr nh hoch nh, t chc, kim sot v iu chnh. l mt hot ng tng hp v kinh t - k thut v x hi. Ch khi no ton b cc yu t v kinh t - x hi, cng ngh v t chc c xem xt y trong mi quan h thng nht rng buc vi nhau trong h thng cht lng mi c c s ni rng cht lng sn phm s c m bo. Qun tr cht lng phi c thc hin thng qua mt s c ch nht nh bao gm nhng ch tiu, tiu chun c trng v kinh t - k thut biu th mc tho mn nhu cu th trng, mt h thng t chc iu khin v h thng chnh sch khuyn khch pht trin cht lng. Cht lng c duy tr, nh gi thng qua vic s dng cc phng php thng k trong qun tr cht lng. Hot ng qun tr cht lng khng ch l hot ng qun tr chung m cn l cc hot ng kim tra, kim sot trc tip t khu thit k trin khai n sn xut sn phm, mua sm nguyn vt liu, kho bi, vn chuyn, bn hng v cc dch v sau bn hng. Biu 1.3 : S biu din hot ng qun tr cht lng. Tiu chun

Mua sm nguyn vt liu

Qu trnh sn xut

Kim chng o lng th nghim kim nh

Kim tra

Tc ng

B i hoc

Qun tr cht lng c thc hin thng qua chnh sch cht lng, mc tiu cht lng, hoch nh cht lng, kim sot cht lng, m bo v ci tin cht lng. 1.4.1.3. Nhim v ca qun tr cht lng. Nhim v ca qun tr cht lng l xy dng h thng m bo cht lng trong cc doanh nghip. Trong : + Nhim v u tin: Xc nh cho c yu cu cht lng phi t ti tng giai on nht nh. Tc l phi xc nh c s thng nht gia tho mn nhu cu th trng vi nhng iu kin mi trng kinh doanh c th. + Nhim v th hai l: Duy tr cht lng sn phm bao gm ton b nhng bin php nhm bo m nhng tiu chun c quy nh trong h thng. + Nhim v th ba: Ci tin cht lng sn phm. Nhim v ny bao gm qu trnh tm kim, pht hin, a ra tiu chun mi cao hn hoc p ng tt hn nhng i hi ca khch hng. Trn c s nh gi, lin tc ci tin nhng quy nh, tiu chun c hon thin li, tiu chun ho tip. Khi cht lng sn phm ca doanh nghip khng ngng c nng cao. + Nhim v th t l: Qun tr cht lng phi c thc hin mi cp, mi khu, mi qu trnh. N va c ngha chin lc va mang tnh tc nghip. cp cao nht ca doanh nghip thc hin qun tr chin lc cht lng. Cp phn xng v cc b phn thc hin qun tr tc nghip cht lng. Tt c cc b phn, cc cp u c trch nhim, ngha v, quyn hn v li ch trong qun tr cht lng ca doanh nghip. 1.4.2. Nhng yu cu ch yu trong qun tr cht lng. Qun tr cht lng l mt lnh vc qun tr c nhng c th ring, n i hi phi thc hin nhng yu cu ch yu sau: - Cht lng phi thc s tr thnh mc tiu hng u c vai tr trung tm trong hot ng ca cc doanh nghip. Trc ht, cn c s cam kt, quyt tm thc hin ca mi thnh vin trong doanh nghip c bit l s cam kt ca gim c. - Th hai phi coi cht lng l nhn thc ca khch hng. Mc tho mn nhu cu ca khch hng chnh l mc cht lng t c. Khch hng l ngi nh gi, xc nh mc cht lng t c ch khng phi cc nh qun l hay ngi sn xut. - Tp trung vo yu t con ngi, con ngi l nhn t c bn c ngha quyt nh n vic to ra v nng cao cht lng sn phm, dch v. Tt c mi thnh vin

t gim c, cc cn b qun l cho n ngi lao ng u phi xc nh c vai tr v trch nhim trong vic m bo v nng cao cht lng sn phm. Bn cnh , cn nng cao v nhn thc, tinh thn trch nhim, o to tay ngh cho cn b, cng nhn sn xut. - m bo tnh ng b v ton din. Cng tc qun tr cht lng phi l kt qu ca mt h thng cc gii php mang tnh ng b. C ngha l phi c s phi hp nhp nhng y trch nhim gia cc khu, cc b phn v mc tiu cht lng. To ra s quyt tm, nht qun v thng nht trong phng hng chin lc cng nh phng chm hot ng trong Ban gim c. - Cc doanh nghip cng cn thit s dng vng trn cht lng v cc cng c thng k trong qun tr cht lng. - Qun tr cht lng c thc hin bng hnh ng cho nn cn vn bn ho cc hot ng c lin quan n cht lng. 1.4.3. Cc chc nng c bn ca qun tr cht lng. Qun tr cht lng c thc hin lin tc thng qua trin khai vng trn Deming ( PDCA ). Theo phng php ny, cn b qun l thit lp vng trn Deming v kt thc mi qu trnh thc hin c th ghi ra thnh vn bn trong ni b doanh nghip, sau phi xt li nhng tiu chun thc hin c trn v p dng vng trn mi. Qu trnh ny c thc hin lp i lp li thnh mt vng tun hon lin tc, nh lm cho cht lng sn phm trong cc doanh nghip khng ngng c hon thin, ci tin v i mi. Vng trn cht lng.

P A C P A D

D C

1.4.3.1. Chc nng hoch nh cht lng ( P - Plan ). y l chc nng quan trng nht v cng l giai on u tin ca qun tr cht lng. Hoch nh cht lng chnh xc, y s gip nh hng tt cc hot ng tip theo bi tt c chng u ph thuc vo k hoch. Nu k hoch ban u c xc nh tt th s cn t cc hot ng phi iu chnh v cc hot ng s c iu khin mt cch c hiu qu hn. l l do ti sao hoch nh cht lng

c coi l chc nng quan trng nht cn u tin hng u hin nay. Tuy nhin, iu ny khng c ngha l xem nh cc hot ng khc. Hoch nh cht lng l hot ng xc nh mc tiu cc phng tin ngun lc v bin php nhm thc hin mc tiu cht lng sn phm. Hoch nh cht lng cho php xc nh mc tiu, phng hng pht trin cht lng chung cho ton cng ty theo mt hng thng nht. To iu kin khai thc v s dng c hiu qu hn cc ngun lc v tim nng trong di hn, gp phn gim chi ph cho cht lng, nng cao kh nng cnh tranh, gip cc doanh nghip ch ng thm nhp v m rng th trng c bit l th trng th gii. Hoch nh cht lng cn to ra s chuyn bin cn bn v phng php qun tr cht lng sn phm ca cc doanh nghip. Ni dung ch yu ca hoch nh cht lng bao gm: + Xy dng chng trnh, chin lc, chnh sch cht lng v k hoch ho cht lng. + Xc nh vai tr ca cht lng trong chin lc sn xut. Cch tip cn c s dng trong qu trnh sn xut v tc nghip, cn b sung cc chin lc tng qut ca doanh nghip. + Xc nh nhng yu cu cht lng phi t ti tng giai on nht nh, tc l phi xc nh c s thng nht gia tho mn nhu cu th trng vi nhng iu kin mi trng kinh doanh c th nht nh vi chi ph ti u. + ra phng hng, k hoch c th thc hin c nhng mc tiu cht lng ra. + Cui cng l xc nh kt qu di hn ca nhng bin php thc hin. Khi hon thnh cc k hoch cht lng cn phi cn i tnh ton cc ngun lc nh : lao ng, nguyn vt liu v ngun ti chnh cn thit thc hin nhng mc tiu, k hoch ra. D tnh trc v a chng vo thnh mt b phn khng th tch ri trong k hoch sn xut kinh doanh ca mi doanh nghip. Ngoi cc ngun lc vt cht cn thit cng cn vch ra nhng lch trnh v thi gian v pht hin, xc nh nhng phng php, bin php c tnh kh thi trong nhng iu kin gii hn hin c v cc ngun lc m bo tnh hin thc v hp l ca cc k hoch. 1.4.3.2. Chc nng t chc thc hin ( D - Do ). T chc thc hin c ngha quyt nh n vic bin cc tng khu hoch nh thnh hin thc. Thc cht y l qu trnh trin khai thc hin cc chnh sch, chin lc v k hoch cht lng thng qua cc hot ng, nhng k thut, nhng phng tin, phng php c th nhm m bo cht lng sn phm theo ng nhng yu cu k hoch t ra. lm tt chc nng ny, nhng bc sau y cn c tin hnh theo trt t nhm m bo cc k hoch s c iu khin mt cch hp l: + To s nhn thc mt cch y v mc tiu cht lng v s cn thit, li ch ca vic thc hin cc mc tiu i vi nhng ngi c trch nhim. + Gii thch cho mi ngi bit r, chnh xc nhng nhim v k hoch cht lng c th, cn thit phi thc hin cho tng giai on.

+ T chc nhng chng trnh o to v gio dc, cung cp nhng kin thc kinh nghim cn thit i vi vic thc hin k hoch. + Xy dng, ban hnh h thng tiu chun qui trnh bt buc. + Cung cp y cc ngun lc nhng ni, nhng lc cn thit, c nhng phng tin k thut kim sot cht lng. 1.4.3.3. Chc nng kim tra, kim sot ( C - Check ). m bo cc mc tiu cht lng d kin c thc hin theo ng yu cu k hoch t ra trong qu trnh t chc thc hin, cn tin hnh cc hot ng kim tra kim sot cht lng. l hot ng theo di, thu thp, pht hin v nh gi nhng khuyt tt ca sn phm. Mc ch ca kim tra l tm kim, pht hin nhng nguyn nhn gy ra khuyt tt ca sn phm v s bin thin ca qu trnh c nhng bin php ngn chn kp thi. Nhng nhim v ch yu ca kim tra, kim sot cht lng l: + Theo di tnh hnh thc hin, t chc thu thp thng tin v cc d kin cn thit v cht lng thc hin. + nh gi tnh hnh thc hin cht lng v xc nh mc cht lng t c trong thc t ca doanh nghip. + So snh cht lng thc t vi k hoch pht hin cc sai lch v nh gi cc sai lch trn cc phng tin kinh t - k thut v x hi. + Phn tch cc thng tin nhm tm kim v pht hin cc nguyn nhn dn n vic thc hin i chch so vi k hoch t ra. Khi thc hin kim tra cc kt qu thc hin k hoch cn nh gi hai vn c bn: Mc tun th nghim tc k hoch vch ra. + Qu trnh c m bo ng th tc, yu cu v k lut khng. + Cc giai on c c tn trng hay b st. + Cc tiu chun c c duy tr v ci tin khng. Tnh chnh xc, y v kh thi ca bn thn k hoch. Nu mc tiu khng t c c ngha l mt trong hai hoc c hai iu kin trn khng c tho mn. Cn thit phi xc nh r nguyn nhn a ra nhng hot ng iu chnh khc nhau cho thch hp. C nhiu phng php kim tra cht lng sn phm nh: phng php th nghim, phng php trc quan, phng php thng k, phng php chn mu, phng php thng k, phng php dng th... 1.4.3.4. Chc nng iu chnh v ci tin (A - Action ). Hot ng iu chnh nhm lm cho cc hot ng ca h thng qun tr doanh nghip c phi hp ng b, khc phc cc tn ti v c kh nng thc hin c nhng tiu chun cht lng ra ng thi cng l hot ng a cht lng sn phm thch ng vi tnh hnh mi nhm gim dn khong cch gia nhng mong mun ca khch hng v thc t cht lng t c, tho mn nhu cu ca khch hng mc cao hn. Cc bc cng vic ch yu ca chc nng iu chnh v ci tin l:

+ Xc nh nhng i hi c th v ci tin cht lng t xy dng cc d n ci tin cht lng. + Cung cp cc ngun lc cn thit nh ti chnh, k thut, lao ng. + ng vin, o to v khuyn khch cc qu trnh thc hin d n ci to cht lng. Khi cc ch tiu khng t c, cn phi phn tch tnh hnh nhm xc nh xem vn thuc v k hoch hay vic thc hin k hoch tm ra nguyn nhn sai st t tin hnh cc hot ng iu chnh. Sa li nhng ph phm v pht hin nhng sai st trong thc hin bng vic lm thm gi u l nhng hot ng nhm khc phc hu qu ch khng phi xo b nguyn nhn. phng trnh cc ph phm, ngay t u phi tm v loi b nhng nguyn nhn t khi chng cn dng tim tng. Khi cn thit c th iu chnh mc tiu cht lng. Thc cht, l qu trnh ci tin cht lng cho ph hp vi iu kin v mi trng kinh doanh mi ca doanh nghip. Qu trnh ci tin thc hin theo cc hng ch yu sau: + Thay i qu trnh nhm gim khuyt tt. + Thc hin cng ngh mi. + Pht trin sn phm mi, a dng ho sn phm. Yu cu t ra vi ci tin cht lng l tin hnh ci tin c im sn phm, c im qu trnh nhm gim nhng sai st, trc trc trong thc hin v gim t l khuyt tt ca sn phm. 1.4.4. Ni dung ca qun tr cht lng trong cc doanh nghip. Qun tr cht lng sn phm l mt hot ng su rng bao trm t khu u tin n khu cui cng thng qua cng tc kim tra. 1.4.4.1. Qun tr cht lng trong khu thit k. y l phn h u tin trong qun tr cht lng. Nhng thng s kinh t - k thut thit k c ph chun l tiu chun cht lng quan trng m sn phm sn xut ra phi tun th. Cht lng thit k s tc ng trc tip n cht lng ca mi mt sn phm. thc hin tt khu ny cn thc hin nhng nhim v quan trng sau: - Tp hp, t chc phi hp gia cc nh thng k, cc nh qun tr Marketing, ti chnh, cung ng thit k sn phm. Chuyn ho nhng c im nhu cu ca khch hng thnh c im ca sn phm. Thit k l qu trnh nhm m bo thc hin nhng c im sn phm c xc nh tho mn nhu cu ca khch hng. Kt qu ca thit k l cc qu trnh, c im sn phm, cc bn s thit k v li ch ca sn phm . - a ra cc phng n khc nhau v c im sn phm c th p ng c cc nhu cu ca khch hng. c im ca sn phm c th ly t sn phm c hay

ci tin nhng c im c cho thch ng vi i hi mi hay t nghin cu thit k ra nhng c im hon ton mi. - Th nghim v kim tra cc phng n nhm chn ra phng n ti u. - Quyt nh nhng c im sn phm la chn. Cc c im ca sn phm thit k phi p ng nhng yu cu sau: + p ng nhu cu ca khch hng. + Thch ng vi kh nng. + m bo tnh cnh tranh. + Ti thiu ho chi ph. - Nhng ch tiu ch yu cn kim tra l : + Trnh cht lng sn phm. + Ch tiu tng hp v ti liu thit k, cng ngh v cht lng ch th. + H s khuyt tt ca sn phm ch th, cht lng cc bin php iu chnh. + H s cht lng ca thit b, cng ngh cho sn xut hng lot. 1.4.4.2. Qun tr cht lng trong khu cung ng. Mc tiu ca qun tr cht lng trong khu cung ng nhm p ng ng chng loi, s lng, thi gian, a im v cc c tnh kinh t - k thut cn thit ca nguyn vt liu m bo cho qu trnh sn xut c tin hnh thng xuyn, lin tc vi chi ph thp nht. Qun tr cht lng trong khu cung ng gm cc ni dung sau: - La chn ngi cung ng c kh nng p ng nhng i hi v cht lng vt t nguyn liu. - To lp h thng thng tin phn hi cht ch, thng xuyn, cp nht. - Tho thun v vic m bo cht lng vt t cung ng. - Tho thun v phng php kim tra, xc minh. - Xc nh cc phng n giao nhn. - Xc nh r rng, y v thng nht cc iu khon trong gii quyt nhng trc trc, khim khuyt. 1.4.4.3. Qun tr cht lng trong khu sn xut. Mc ch ca qun tr cht lng trong sn xut l khai thc, huy ng c hiu qu cc qu trnh, cng ngh, thit b v con ngi la chn sn xut sn phm c cht lng ph hp vi tiu chun thit k. thc hin mc tiu trn c hiu qu, qun tr cht lng trong giai on ny cn thc hin cc nhim v ch yu sau: - Cung ng vt t nguyn liu ng s lng, cht lng, chng loi, thi gian v a im. - Kim tra cht lng vt t nguyn liu a vo sn xut. - Thit lp v thc hin cc tiu chun, quy trnh, th tc, thao tc thc hin tng cng vic. - Kim tra cht lng cc chi tit, b phn bn thnh phm sau tng cng on. Pht hin sai st v tm nguyn nhn sai st loi b. - Kim tra cht lng sn phm hon chnh.

- nh gi chung v cht lng sn phm thng qua cc thng s k thut, t l sn phm sai hng. 1.4.4.4. Qun tr cht lng trong v sau khi bn hng. Mc tiu ca qun tr cht lng trong giai on ny nhm m bo tho mn khch hng mt cch nhanh nht, thun tin nht vi chi ph thp nht nh m nng cao uy tn, danh ting ca doanh nghip. Ngoi mc tiu trn, rt nhiu doanh nghip cn thu c li nhun ln t hot ng dch v sau khi bn hng. V vy, nhng nm gn y cng tc m bo cht lng c cc doanh nghip rt ch v m rng phm vi, tnh cht cc hot ng dch v. Nhim v ch yu ca qun tr cht lng trong giai on ny l: - To danh mc sn phm hp l. - T chc mng li i l phn phi, dch v thun li, nhanh chng. - Thuyt minh hng dn y cc thuc tnh s dng, iu kin s dng, quy phm s dng sn phm. - Nghin cu, xut nhng phng n bao gi vn chuyn, bo qun, bc d sn phm hp l nhm tng nng sut, h gi thnh. - T chc bo hnh. - T chc dch v k thut thch hp sau khi bn hng. 1.4.5.Vai tr ca qun tr cht lng vi vic nng cao cht lng sn phm. C th ni, trong giai on hin nay qun tr cht lng chim vai tr rt quan trng. Qun tr cht lng l mt phn trong h thng qun tr kinh doanh ca cc doanh nghip, l phng tin cn thit m bo rng cht lng sn phm ca doanh nghip lun n nh. Qun tr cht lng khng nhng lm cho cht lng sn phm v dch v tho mn tt hn nhu cu ca khch hng m cn nng cao hiu qu hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Hn na, qun tr cht lng cn gip cc doanh nghip s dng c hiu qu cc ngun lc hng ti mc tiu chung. Nh c qun tr cht lng m doanh nghip duy tr v m bo thc hin cc tiu chun cht lng ra v pht hin, thc hin cc c hi ci tin cht lng thch hp hn vi nhng mong i ca khch hng c v tnh hu ch ln gi c. y chnh l c s chim lnh v m rng th trng, tng kh nng cnh tranh v cht lng, gi c, cng c v tng cng v th, uy tn doanh nghip trn th trng. nng cao cht lng sn phm v dch v, cc doanh nghip c th tp trung ci tin cng ngh hoc s dng cng ngh mi hin i hn. Hng i ny rt quan trng nhng gn vi chi ph ban u ln v nu qun l vic i mi my mc cng ngh s gy tn km rt ln. Mt khc, c th nng cao cht lng trn c s gim chi ph v tng cng cng tc qun l cht lng. Cht lng sn phm c to ra t qu trnh sn xut, cc yu t lao ng, cng ngh v con ngi kt hp cht ch vi nhau theo nhng hnh thc khc nhau th s to thnh nhng sn phm, dch v khc nhau. Do vy, tng cng cng tc qun tr cht lng s gip doanh nghip xc nh u t ng hng, khai thc qun l s dng my mc thit b, cng ngh v con ngi t hiu qu cao hn nht l yu t sng to ca con ngi trong vic

ci tin khng ngng cht lng sn phm dch v. Hn na, qun tr cht lng m bo s kt hp thng nht gia chnh sch cht lng ca doanh nghip vi chnh sch cc b phn trong doanh nghip, em li s tin tng trong ni b doanh nghip v to cho mi thnh vin trong doanh nghip thm nhit tnh thc hin cng vic c giao.
1.5. S cn thit phi qun tr nh hng cht lng cc doanh nghip Vit Nam hin nay.

1.5.1. S cn thit qun tr cht lng nh hng theo ISO 9000. i vi cc nc ang pht trin nh Vit Nam, cht lng va l mt bi ton va l mt c hi. L c hi v ngi tiu dng ngy nay trn mi quc gia ngy cng quan tm n cht lng hng ho v dch v m h mua; h thng thng tin li mang tnh cht ton cu nn cc doanh nghip c iu kin thun li trong vic hc hi kinh nghim, rt ngn qung ng m nhng ngui i trc tri qua. L mt bi ton v cc doanh nghip trong cc quc gia pht trin tin rt xa trong vic cung cp sn phm v dch v c cht lng tt. lp c khong cch ny l mt cng vic kh khn v n i hi cc doanh nghip phi thay i cch suy ngh v cung cch qun l hnh thnh lu i. Bc vo thi k m ca, nn kinh t nc ta ch c th pht trin v t c hiu qu cao bng con ng cht lng. Kh nng cnh tranh ca mi nc u ph thuc vo kh nng cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip nc . Vn mang tnh cp bch i vi cc doanh nghip nc ta hin nay l nng cao cht lng sn phm theo kp vi trnh v cht lng sn phm cc nc trong khu vc v th gii. Xt trn gic s dng sn phm, trong nhng iu kin nht nh vic nng cao cht lung tng ng vi vic tng nng sut lao ng x hi. Hin nay, c hai h thng qun tr cht lng ph bin l : qun tr cht lng theo ISO 9000 v TQM. C hai h thng ny u c chung mc ch l tho mn mi nhu cu ca khch hng. TQM, vic thc hin tham gia m bo cht lng l trch nhim ca mi thnh vin trong doanh nghip, mi thnh vin phi cng quan tm ci tin cng vic, c tinh thn hp tc cao, ngn nga khuyt tt, to ra sn phm hon ho ph hp vi nhu cu ca ngui tiu dng. Cn ISO 9000 vic thc hin m bo cht lng l thng qua cc chnh sch c thu hiu v duy tr mi cp c s di s kim sot ca bn th ba ( bn chng nhn ). TQM thc hin ci tin lin tc tng khu, tng qu trnh, s dng mt s phng php qun tr theo qu trnh, s dng k thut thng k, kim sot qu trnh bng thng k. Vi ISO 9000, vic ci tin c thc hin lin tc thng qua nh gi ni b, cc bin php phng nga, ngn chn khuyt tt, xem xt ca lnh o v hoch nh cht lng. Nhiu chuyn gia nhn xt rng p dng ISO 9000 chnh l xy dng nn mng vng chc t ti qun tr cht lng ton din. V nu p dng TQM m cha c c nn mng vng chc ca qun tr cht lng hay ph mc hot ng qun tr cht lng cho cc chuyn gia th v lu di hot ng ci tin cht lng s

khng c hiu qu. TQM cn da trn nn mng ca mt h thng qun tr cht lng v cc phng php kim sot cht lng km theo mi gip cho doanh nghip thnh cng trong mi trng cnh tranh mang tnh ton cu, m h thng qun tr cht lng da trn b ISO 9000 chnh l nn mng ni trn. ho nhp vo xu hng chung trn th trng trong nc v quc t, vic p dng qun tr cht lng nh hng theo ISO 9000 tin ti TQM l gii php cn thit v hng u khng th thiu mi doanh nghip Vit Nam hin nay. N khng nhng em li li ch cho bn thn doanh nghip v cch qun tr c hiu lc v hiu qu cc hot ng c lin quan n cht lng m cn l mt bng chng v nng lc ca doanh nghip trong vic p ng cc yu cu ca khch hng v cc bn quan tm. Mt mt l tng kh nng cnh tranh ca doanh nghip, mt khc l to s pht trin bn vng ca nn kinh t nc ta. 1.5.2. Qun tr nh hng cht lng sn phm l iu kin thit yu cc doanh nghip Vit Nam hot ng c hiu qu trong c ch kinh t hin nay. Trong nhng nm qua, cng vi s pht trin vt bc ca nn kinh t, tnh hnh qun tr cht lng nc ta c nhng khi sc mi, tin b mi. Cc t chc ch trng n nng cao nng sut v cht lng sn phm, hng Vit Nam bc u chim lnh c th trng v c ngi tiu dng chp nhn. Tuy nhin, trong iu kin nn kinh t hng ho nhiu thnh phn hin nay cng vi qu trnh m ca hi nhp vi nn kinh t th gii v khu vc, cnh tranh trn th trng ngy cng gay gt v quyt lit, cht lng sn phm ang tr thnh vn sng cn ca cc doanh nghip. iu ny i hi chng ta phi nng cao cht lng sn phm hn na m bo s tn ti v pht trin ca doanh nghip ng thi tng kh nng cnh tranh trn th trng. iu ny cng tr nn quan trng hn khi t nc chng ta l thnh vin chnh thc ca ASEAN v trong tng lai khng xa s tr thnh thnh vin chnh thc ca t chc thng mi quc t WTO. tham gia vo th trng thng mi quc t phi thc hin cc chnh sch thu, cc quy nh v xut x hng ho, phi thng nht vi cc h thng tiu chun quc t v cht lng, v an ton vi hng ho xut khu. Trong bi cnh trn, cng nh nhiu ngnh kinh t sn xut hng tiu dng khc, chuyn sang hot ng kinh doanh c lp, ngnh may Vit Nam mt ngnh kinh t xut khu quan trng li cng c thm chnh sch nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm trnh tnh trng may mn nh hin nay. Thc t nhiu nm qua cho thy sn phm may mc ca Vit Nam nh u t i mi my mc thit b cng ngh, ci tin cch thc qun tr, chng ta to ra nhng sn phm c cht lng tt v to c uy tn trn th trng th gii. Tuy nhin, nu em so snh vi sn phm ca cc i th cnh tranh khc nh Trung Quc, Hn Quc... th sn phm ca chng ta vn cha p ng c nhng i hi ca th trng c v s lng, cht lng v mu m kiu dng. Hn na, hot ng sn xut may mc qun o nc ta ch yu l thc hin hp ng gia cng vi gi tr thp.

Trong bi cnh v xu th thi i, tng cng hi nhp nn kinh t nc ta vi cc nc trong khu vc v th gii, vic i mi nhn thc, cch tip cn v xy dng m hnh qun tr mi ph hp vi cc doanh nghip Vit Nam l mt yu cu cp bch. Cc doanh nghip Vit Nam phi ng trc s la chn Cht lng hay tht bi trong sn chi v lut chi quc t mt cch bnh ng, chp nhn s cnh tranh quyt lit v khng khoan nhng vi mi i th cnh tranh trn th trng. Hin nay, xu hng chung ca phn ln cc doanh nghip Vit Nam l p dng m hnh qun tr cht lng theo ISO 9000 v TQM bi nhng l do sau: - Cc tiu chun quc t ni trn khng ch p dng ring cho doanh nghip sn xut kinh doanh m c th p dng c cho tt c cc doanh nghip, cc t chc kinh t x hi c bit l ISO 9000 phin bn nm 2000. - Tiu chun quc t ISO 9000 khng phi l cc ch tiu bt buc m l tiu chun hng dn cho cc doanh nghip p dng trong vic xy dng h thng cht lng cho doanh nghip mnh. - Qun tr cht lng chu nh hng rt ln ca yu t vn ho, phong tc tp qun v np sng, tc phong ca c ngi sn xut ln ngi tiu dng. C th ni rng ngi Vit Nam chng ta hin nay c nhiu u im nh ti nguyn thin nhin di do, iu kin kh hu thun li, c nh nc h tr u t v khuyn khch sn xut, trnh tri thc v tay ngh ngi lao ng c nng cao..., tuy nhin vn cn tn ti nhng nhc im nh tnh t nguyn, t gic cha cao. V vy vic a ra hoc p dng theo mt tiu chun no mang tnh t nguyn va mang tnh php ch l mt cch lm ph hp nht. Vic p dng h thng qun l cht lng ISO 9000 em li nhng li ch thit thc cho doanh nghip. To ra sn phm c cht lng cao, ng u v n nh hn. Mt khc gim c ng k vic ti to li, sa cha li nhng sn phm h hng, khuyt tt v gim s khiu ni, khng ng tnh ca khch hng. Nh h thng h s, vn bn c tiu chun ho lm cho cc quy nh, quy tc, th tc, trch nhim trong khi thc hin cng vic c qui nh phi r rng, mch lc v chnh xc. Do vy m hiu qu cng vic ca cc phng ban, cc b phn cng nh ca cc thnh vin trong doanh nghip c nng cao. Gip cho vic nng cao nhn thc, trnh cng nh phng php t duy ca lnh o v mi ngi trong doanh nghip, to ra phong tro lm vic thc s khoa hc. H thng qun l cht lng theo ISO 9000 xy dng mi quan h gia cc phng ban, cc b phn gn b cht ch hn trn c s hp tc do vic xc nh s lin quan ca mi thnh vin, ca mi n v phng ban, b phn n vn cht lng. Ngoi ra mi doanh nghip cng thu c nhng li ch ring khc nh vic p dng h thng cht lng theo tiu chun ISO 9000 nh gim chi ph, m rng th phn ca doanh nghip to nn hnh nh mi ca cng ty trn th trng trong nc v th gii. Nh vy, chng ta thy c li ch ca vic p dng h thng qun l cht lng theo ISO 9000 l rt ln, n khng ch nng cao cht lng sn phm ca cng ty m cn to danh ting, hn na n cn l cha kho sn phm ca cng ty thm nhp

vo th trng th gii. V vy vic p dng tiu chun ISO 9000 l mt iu kin quan trng cc doanh nghip tn ti v pht trin trong c ch kinh t hin nay. Chng II Thc trng cht lng sn phm v qun Tr Cht lng sn phm ti cng ty c phn may L trc

2.1. Gii Thiu Tng Qut V Cng Ty C Phn May L Trc.

2.1.1. Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca cng ty c phn may L Trc. Cng ty c phn may L Trc c thnh lp ngy 01/01/2000. Trc y, cng ty l mt trong ba c s may ca cng ty may Chin Thng: - C s may s 8B L Trc - Ba nh - H Ni. - C s may s 22 Thnh Cng - Ba nh - H Ni. - C s dt thm len s 115 Nguyn Lng Bng - ng a - H Ni. Chnh v vy, lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca cng ty gn lin vi s hnh thnh v pht trin ca cng ty may Chin Thng c tr s chnh t ti 22 Thnh Cng - Ba nh - H Ni. Cng ty may Chin Thng l mt doanh nghip Nh nc trc thuc Tng cng ty dt may Vit Nam, c thnh lp t ngy 2 thng 3 nm 1968, tin thn ca n l x nghip may Chin Thng. X nghip c tr s ti s 8B ph L Trc - Ba nh - H Ni v giao cho cc vi si - may mc qun l. X nghip c nhim v t chc sn xut cc loi qun o, m vi, gng tay, o d, o dt kim theo ch tiu k hoch ca Cc vi si may mc cho cc lc lng v trang v tr em. Thng 5 nm 1971, x nghip may Chin Thng chnh thc chuyn giao cho B Cng Nghip Nh qun l vi nhim v mi l chuyn may hng xut khu. Cng t x nghip bt u khi phc v pht trin, lm quen dn vi c ch th trng. Ngy 25 thng 8 nm 1992, B Cng Nghip Nh quyt nh i tn x nghip may Chin Thng thnh Cng ty may Chin Thng. y l s kin nh du mt bc trng thnh v cht ca x nghip l tnh t ch sn xut kinh doanh c thc hin y trong chc nng hot ng mi ca cng ty. Ngay sau , thng 3 nm 1994, x nghip thm len Xut khu ng a thuc Tng cng ty dt may Vit Nam c st nhp vo cng ty may Chin Thng, t y chc nng v nhim v ca cng ty c nng ln. Ngoi ra cng ty cn lin kt vi nhiu hng i Loan, Hn Quc, Singapore.... m rng v pht trin cng ngh sn xut. Trong nhng nm tip theo, cng ty c nhng bin i ln v cht, tng trng v pht trin, khng ch lao ng cn c m trong tng sn phm bao hm gi tr cht xm kt tinh t suy ngh v hnh ng ca i ng cn b cng nhn vin chc ca cng ty. Lc lng sn xut ca cng ty i mi hon ton. Cng ty u t

12,96 t ng cho xy dng c bn v 13,998 t ng cho mua sm my mc thit b. Ngy 01/01/2000 nh du mt bc ngot quan trng ca cng ty may Chin Thng l s kin c s may s 8B L Trc tch ra thnh lp cng ty c phn may L Trc : Cng ty c thnh lp di hnh thc chuyn t doanh nghip Nh nc thnh cng ty c phn theo lut cng ty (do Quc Hi thng qua ngy 20/12/1990 v mt s iu lut c Quc Hi khoa IX k hp th 5 thng qua ngy 22/06/1994). Hin nay, cng ty c phn may L Trc l mt cng ty hot ng c lp trc thuc Tng cng ty dt may Vit Nam, thnh lp theo quyt nh 68/1999 Q - BCN do B Cng Nghip cp ngy 20/10/1999. Giy php kinh doanh s 058429 do S k hoch v u t H Ni cp ngy 24/12/1999. Cng ty c tn giao dch quc t : LETRUC GARMENT STOCK COMPANY. Tn vit tt : LEGASTCO. Tr s chnh : S 8B L Trc Ba nh H Ni. in Thoi : (04) 8233870 - (04) 7338007. Fax : 84.4733721 . Ngnh ngh kinh doanh : Hng may mc. Cng ty c phn may L Trc l php nhn theo lut php Vit Nam k t ngy c cp giy php kinh doanh, thc hin hch ton c lp, c ti khon ring v con du ring, hot ng theo iu l cng ty v lut cng ty. Ngun vn ca cng ty c hnh thnh t ba ngun chnh : Nh nc, cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty v cc ngun khc. Cng ty hin c hn 1000 my mc thit b cc loi v hn 800 cn b cng nhn vin vi mt bng din tch hn 15.000 m2. Cng ty c phn may L Trc tuy mi hot ng ring c gn 5 nm nhng vi kinh nghim ca cc thnh vin Hi ng qun tr cng nh Ban gim c iu hnh nn t c nhng thnh tu nht nh v khng ngng vn ln t khng nh mnh trn th trng. Vi cht lng sn phm cao, tc nhanh v p ng c nhu cu ca n t hng ng thi hn, cng ty v ang ngy cng to uy tn cao vi khch hng trn th trng trong v ngoi nc. Hin nay, may mc ang tr thnh mt trong nhng ngnh xut khu ch lc ca nc ta, do cng ty s tip tc y mnh u t hin i ho dy chuyn sn xut, ra nhng nhim v mi v mc tiu mi bt kp vi s pht trin chung ca t nc. 2.1.2. Nhim v sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty c phn may L Trc trong mt s nm gn y. L mt cng ty may nhim v chnh ca cng ty l sn xut kinh doanh cc mt hng may mc, ch yu l nhn gia cng cc mt hng may mc ca khch hng nc ngoi, xut nhp khu hng may mc. Bn cnh , cng ty cn kinh doanh cc ngnh ngh tng hp m Nh nc cho php.

Sn phm sn xut ra ch yu tiu th nc ngoi nh cc nc: i Loan, Hn Quc, Nht v mt s nc Chu u... do vy hng nm cng ty c phn may L Trc cng ng gp mt phn vo kim ngch xut khu hng dt may nc ta. Mc tiu ca cng ty hng ti trong hot ng l huy ng vn c hiu qu cho vic pht trin sn xut kinh doanh hng may mc nhm thu li nhun ti a, to vic lm n nh cho ngi lao ng, tng c tc cho cc c ng, ng gp vo ngn sch Nh nc v cng ty. Ngoi ra, cng ty cng ang tp trung xy dng m hnh t chc qun l sn xut kinh doanh gn nh, hiu qu cao theo hng gim dn t l doanh thu gia cng v tng dn phng thc kinh doanh mua vo nguyn vt liu, bn ra thnh phm c cht lng cao. Bn cnh , cng ty c trch nhim khng ngng chm lo ci thin i sng vt cht, tinh thn, t chc bi dng nng cao trnh chuyn mn cho cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty. Vi nhim v ca mnh, cng ty c nhng bc i chin lc nh sau: Nng cao nng lc, trnh b my qun l, i ng lao ng ng thi u t trang thit b cng ngh hin i cho qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. Sn xut cc sn phm tinh xo c k ngh v hm lng cht xm cao m bo tuyt i cc tiu chun k thut to iu kin nng cao cht lng v sc cnh tranh ca sn phm. Lin tc ci tin, hon thin cng ngh may mc, thu in theo st vi xu hng pht trin ca khu vc v th gii ng thi m rng thm ngh th cng khc khi c thi c. Mi nhn ca sn xut kinh doanh l sn xut sn phm may mc cao cp, mu m a dng, phong ph thch ng vi th trng trong v ngoi nc c v s lng ln cht lng. Khng nhng duy tr v pht trin th trng c m cn tng bc m rng th trng c trong nc v ngoi nc thng qua cng tc sng to, thit k nhng mu mt mi, tm kim nhng nguyn liu c n hi cao, cht lng tt. T mc tiu, nhim v hot ng nh vy, cng ty c phn may L Trc v ang tham gia tch cc vo ch trng xy dng pht trin t nc, a t nc tng bc i ln ngy cng giu mnh. 2.1.3. Kt qu v hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty c phn may L Trc trong nhng nm gn y. Trong nhng nm qua, nh s lnh o sng sut ca Hi ng qun tr v Ban gim c, s n lc c gng ca tp th cn b cng nhn vin cng vi s quan tm gip ca cc c quan cp trn, s ng h nhit tnh ca chnh quyn s ti v cc doanh nghip i tc, cng ty c phn may L Trc tm c nhng th trng tim nng mi, thch ng dn vi s cnh tranh gay gt ca nn kinh t th trng, tng bc n nh sn xut v tnh hnh sn xut ca cng ty lun vt k hoch. Cng ty ngy cng sn xut ra nhiu sn phm p ng ngy cng tt nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng. t c hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh nh vy, cng ty khai thc v tn dng tim lc ca chnh mnh, ng dng tin b khoa hc k thut, tit kim chi ph v gim gi thnh sn phm.

Thc o cho mi s pht trin ca doanh nghip l kt qu hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip . hiu r hn v tnh hnh hot ng ca cng ty c phn may L Trc, ta c th nh gi tnh hnh sn xut sn phm ca cng ty qua bng sau: Biu s 2.1: Bng bo co v s lng sn phm sn xut trong mt s nm gn y: n v tnh : Sn phm Ch tiu 1. o Jacket cc loi 2. o smi cc loi 3. o m bi 4. Vy bu 5. Qun soc 6. Qun b 7. Qun u 8. o th thao 9. Qun th thao 10. o gi 2001 385.540 304.645 10.780 930 9.270 17.540 2.100 6.250 8.515 8.740 2002 430.985 411.180 11.290 1.370 2.780 16.320 1.840 6.540 8.740 8.975 2003 480.570 565.780 12.000 1.420 8.890 20.716 2.205 6.980 9.150 9.064 2004 854.830 753.000 24.500 1.875 7.434 29.390 2.470 7.000 11.567 9.470

(Ngun s liu vn phng Cng ty c phn may L Trc) Qua bng bo co trn ta thy sn lng ca cng ty tng dn qua cc nm. Sn lng tng chng t th trng tiu th sn phm ca cng ty ang ngy cng m rng hn. c bit l mt hng Jacket v s mi, s liu trn cho thy o Jacket v s mi ca cng ty v ang c th trng chp nhn. Bn cnh , sn phm cc chng loi khc cng dn gy c uy tn vi khch hng. iu ny c ngha l sn phm ca cng ty vi cht lng cao to c s tin tng ca khch hng v ang ngy cng nng cao v th trn th trng trong v ngoi nc. V vy m li th cnh tranh ca cng ty s cao hn. Trong nhng nm qua v mc tiu trong nhng nm ti cng ty lun c gng s lng sn phm tiu th st vi s lng thc t sn xut ra v tm cc bin php ti u nht m bo s tng trng v s lng cng nh cht lng sn phm, m rng mt hng trn c s rt ch n vic p dng cng ngh mi, ch trng qun l k thut, nng cao cht lng sn phm p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi tiu dng. Bn cnh vic tng s lng, cc hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty cng pht trin khng ngng, doanh thu nm sau cao hn nm trc, nng cao thu nhp ngi lao ng. Qua bng ny, chng ta c th nhn thy mt cch c th s pht trin ca cng ty c phn may L Trc trong nhng nm gn y.

Biu s 2.2: Kt qu hot ng kinh doanh ca cng ty c phn may L Trc. STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ch tiu Tng doanh thu - Doanh thu XK - Doanh thu N Gi tr SXCN Np ngn sch Nh nc Kim ngch XK Kim ngch NK Li nhun Thu nhp bnh qun n V Tnh Triu ng Triu ng Triu ng Triu ng Triu ng USD USD Triu ng Nghn/thng 2001 36.003 34.179 1.824 18.134 224 2002 38.554 36.574 1.980 20.992 302 2003 41.546 39.156 2.390 23.264 361 2004 54.090 51.140 2.950 34.885 624

1.224.973 1.475.600 1.934.220 2.305.008 5.969.474 6.813.343 6.586.700 7.934.740 1.035 850 1396 965 1.670 1.094 2.890 1.438

(Ngun s liu vn phng Cng ty c phn may L Trc) Nhn vo bng trn ta c th thy hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty lin tc pht trin l do cng ty khng ngng tng sn lng, ci tin my mc thit b, p dng cng ngh mi, ch trng qun l k thut v nng cao cht lng sn phm p ng nhu cu ngy cng kht khe ca khch hng trong v ngoi nc. nh gi c s pht trin mnh m ny ca cng ty ta c bng tnh sau:

Biu 2.4: Biu so snh. Tng doanh thu Doanh thu xut khu Doanh thu ni a Np ngn sch.

60000 Tr. 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Doanh thu Doanh thu XK Doanh thu N Np ngn sch

Nm

2001

2002

2003

2004

Qua bng trn ta thy tc pht trin doanh thu v th trng ca cng ty u tng qua cc nm. C th tc pht trin doanh thu nm 2002 so vi 2001 l 107% v n nm 2004 th tc pht trin so vi nm 2001 tng ln 150%. iu ny chng t cng ty khng ngng nng cao cht lng sn phm u ra, ci tin mu m cho ph hp vi nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng trn th trng, quan tm n hot ng bn hng. Bn cnh , tc pht trin ca kim ngch xut khu cng tng ln ng k to tng trng cho cng ty trong nhng nm tip theo. Cng ty cn c thnh tch trong vic to ra thu nhp v vic lm n nh cho hn 800 cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty. Thu nhp ca h cng khng ngng tng ln qua cc nm. Nm 2002/2001 tc tng l 114% nhng cho n nm 2004 th tc ny t c 169% so vi nm 2001. Ring np ngn sch cc nm t 2001 n 2004 c xu hng n nh. iu ny cho thy hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty rt hiu qu v khng ngng tng doanh thu qua cc nm. Vic tng doanh thu v sn lng sn phm a n kt qu l li nhun ca cng ty cng khng ngng tng ln qua cc nm v c xu hng tng nhanh hn trong nhng nm gn y. i vi cng ty, li nhun chnh l mt trong nhng thc o hiu qu vic sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty. Chng ta c th xem tnh hnh bin ng li nhun ca cng ty trong mt s nm gn y c th hin s sau:

Biu 2.5: S li nhun ca cng ty.

Tr. 3000 2500 2000 1500 Li nhun 1000 500 0 Nm

2001

2002

2003

2004

Nhn chung v c bn cng ty thch nghi nhanh chng vi c ch th trng cnh tranh kh quyt lit v ngnh may mc hin nay c bit l may mc xut khu. Khch hng ca cng ty khng ch gii hn mt la tui m ngay t khi thnh lp cng ty t ra mc tiu l phc v mi i tng khch hng. Vi tng th trng ring bit m cng ty c nhng mt hng ring bit tng sc cnh tranh. Mt khc, cng ty tip tc u t i mi trang thit b cng ngh, nng cao uy tn vn c ca cng ty trn th trng may mc ni chung v th trng may xut khu ni ring. Trong nhng nm qua, cng ty xy dng c mt mng li th trng u vo v th trng tiu th sn phm may mc c qui m ln, to iu kin n nh v pht trin lu di cho cng ty. Nhng phn tch khi qut trn cho thy mc d gp nhiu kh khn khi chuyn sang nn kinh t th trng cng vi s ra i cn kh mi m song cng ty c phn may L Trc tng bc a hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca mnh i vo n nh v pht trin. S tng ln ca cc ch tiu trong nhng nm gn y phn no phn nh c kt qu sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip, khng nh nhng n lc rt ng khuyn khch ca tp th cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty. 2.1.4. Mt s c im kinh t - k thut ch yu nh hng n cht lng sn phm v qun l cht lng sn phm ca cng ty. 2.1.4.1. c im v c cu t chc b my ca cng ty. * T chc b my sn xut: Cng ty c phn may L Trc trc y l mt trong nhng c s may ca cng ty may Chin Thng. Hin nay khi tch ra thnh cng ty c phn th cng ty c tr s duy nht ti ph L Trc H Ni vi mt bng din tch hn 15000 m2. Cng ty hin nay c 3 phn xng sn xut, 1 phn xng ct v 1 phn xng thu vi din

tch mt bng gn 12000 m2, cn li l h thng kho bi, ca hng gii thiu sn phm v to nh vn phng cng ty. Hin ti cng ty c h thng ca hng i l v gii thiu sn phm trn ton quc. * T chc b my qun l: Trong mi doanh nghip sn xut kinh doanh, vic hnh thnh v hon thin c cu t chc b my qun l ph hp vi quy trnh sn xut, kim tra cc hot ng ca doanh nghip trong tng khu, tng b phn c vai tr ht sc quan trng. N nh hng trc tip n s iu phi, s b tr sn xut, phng thc lm vic v s pht huy kh nng ca cc phng ban, cc b phn cho cng mt mc ch chung. Do vy, c cu t chc cht ch, khoa hc s gip doanh nghip nng cao cht lng sn phm ng thi nng cao v tr v uy tn trn th trng. Cng ty c phn may L Trc cng nhiu ln ci t b my qun tr qua qu trnh chuyn i sn xut kinh doanh cho ph hp vi tng giai on, tng thi k. Hin nay, cng ty t chc qun l theo kiu kt hp hai c cu : Trc tuyn chc nng. C ngha l phng ban tham mu vi Hi ng qun tr qua Ban gim c theo tng chc nng, nhim v ca mnh, gip Ban gim c iu hnh a ra nhng quyt nh ng n, c li ch cho cng ty. B my qun l ca cng ty c th hin qua s di y:

Biu s 2.6: T chc b my qun l ca cng ty c phn may L Trc.

i hi c ng

Ch tch HQT

Cng tc qun l ca cng ty c t chc thnh cc phng ban, cc b phn, cc phn xng thc hin cc chc nng nhim v nht nh: - i hi c ng: L c quan quyt nh cao nht gm 5 thnh vin (1 Ch tch Hi ng qun tr, 1 ph Hi ng qun tr v 3 u vin). Hi ng qun tr do i hi c ng bu ra.

- Ban gim c: Gm 1 gim c v 2 ph gim c. Gim c l ngi qun l iu hnh trc tip mi hot ng kinh doanh ca cng ty, l ngi i din php nhn ca cng ty trong mi giao dch v chu trch nhim trc Hi ng qun tr v i hi c ng, c quan h chc nng vi cc phng ban, cc b phn khc trong cng ty. Ph gim c ngoi nhim v thc hin nhng cng vic c gim c giao cn qun l phn xng sn xut chnh, phn xng ct v phn xng thu. - Phng phc v sn xut: Theo di, qun l bo qun hng ho vt t, thc hin cp pht vt t nguyn liu phc v sn xut theo nh mc ca phng xut nhp khu. Tham mu cho gim c v vic theo di v k kt hp ng gia cng, vn ti, thu kho bi, mua bn my mc thit b ph tng phc v cho sn xut. Ngoi ra cn nhim v qun l, iu tit cng tc vn chuyn, trc tip thc hin cc th tc giao nhn hng ho vt t phc v sn xut. - Phng k ton ti v: Tham mu cho gim c trong lnh vc ti chnh, thu- chi, vay... m bo cc ngun thu chi. Ph trch cng tc hch ton k ton, t chc hch ton kinh doanh ca ton cng ty, phn tch hot ng kinh t, t chc thc hin cc bin php qun l ti chnh theo cc chnh sch, ch chnh sch ti chnh hin hnh ca Nh nc v lp cc d n u t. Ton b cng tc k ton c thc hin ti phng k ton do k ton trng ph trch chung. B my k ton ca cng ty c thc hin theo hnh thc tp trung iu hnh quan st mi hot ng ca cng ty. Ti cc phn xng khng c t chc hch ton ring m ch c nhn vin thng k thuc t vn phng lm nhim v thu thp, kim tra chng t, thc hin ghi chp cc nghip v kinh t pht sinh, lp bo co nghip v trong phm vi quyn hn ca mnh nh bo co v s dng nguyn vt liu, v s dng vt t, v nhp khu hng tn trong phn xng. nh k cc nhn vin ny chuyn cc chng t, bo co ny v vn phng k ton ca cng ty x l v tin hnh ghi s. Phng k ton c nhim v lp, ghi nhn cc nghip v kinh t pht sinh vo s sch, hng dn v kim tra vic thc hin cc cng tc thu thp, x l thng tin k ton ca cc b phn c lin quan. Phng k ton phi m bo thc hin ng ch k ton ti chnh ca B Ti Chnh, cung cp mt cch y chnh xc ton cnh v tnh hnh ti chnh v hot ng sn xut kinh doanh t a ra nhng bin php ph hp vi nh hng pht trin ca cng ty. i ng k ton ca cng ty phi c trnh , nghip v, c kinh nghim ngh nghip trn 2 nm thc hin tt nhim v ca mnh. Hin nay b my k ton ca cng ty gm 4 nhn vin:

K ton trng

K ton TSC CCDC

K ton tp hp chi ph v tnh gi thnh

Th qu (kim K ton tin lng)

- Phng xut nhp khu : Tham mu cho gim c lp k hoch kinh doanh ngn hn, di hn theo hp ng kinh t, k kt hp ng vi bn hng nc ngoi. Trc tip t chc, theo di iu chnh k hoch sn xut, k hoch tin sn xut v giao hng. Thc hin cc nhim v xut nhp khu nh th tc xut nhp khu hng ho, th tc thanh ton tin hng, giao dch i ngoi, giao dch vn chuyn, giao dch ngn hng, thu... Thc hin k hoch cc mt ton cng ty. Cn i nguyn ph liu cho sn xut, cng phng phc v sn xut m bo cung ng nguyn ph liu cho sn xut, thc hin quyt ton tin hng vt t vi khch hng hi quan, c quan thu v thu nhp khu... Ngoi ra, cn tip cn v m rng th trng cho cng ty bng cch tm th trng tiu th trong nc v ngoi nc. - Phng kinh doanh: C nhim v xy dng v thc hin cc cng tc tip th giao dch, cc chin dch qung co v nhn t hng ca khch hng ni a v khch hng nc ngoi. Ngoi ra, y cn l b phn ph trch vic cho bn (FOB) ngha l cc sn phm c ch th ri em n cc hng cho bn, nu c chp nhn cng ty s sn xut loi hng . Theo di v qun l cc ca hng gii thiu sn phm v bn sn phm. - Phng hnh chnh : C nhim v gip vic cho gim c v cng tc hnh chnh php ch thc hin cc cng c qun l ton cng ty. Tip nhn v qun l cng vn, thc hin cc nghip v vn th, lu tr, trc tip n khch. T chc cng tc phc v hnh chnh, cc hi ngh , hi tho v cng tc v sinh cng nghip. Lp k hoch v thc hin sa cha, nng cp cc cng trnh nh xng, c s h tng phc v sn xut (in, nc, my vi tnh....) - Phng bo v qun s : C nhim v xy dng cc ni qui, quy ch v trt t an ton trong cng ty, bo v v qun l ti sn trong cng ty. Trc tip n v hng dn khch ra, vo cng ty. - Phng KCS : C trch nhim xy dng cc phng n qun l v nng cao cht lng sn phm, tit kim chi ph trong sn xut, tin hnh kim tra nguyn ph liu trc khi nhp kho, kim tra hng ho trc khi giao cho khch hng hay nhp kho.

- Phng k thut : Ph trch xy dng v qun l cc quy trnh cng ngh, quy cch tiu chun ca sn phm, xc nh cc nh mc k thut, qun l v iu tit my mc thit b. Nm bt cc thng tin v khoa hc k thut trong lnh vc may mc ng dng cng ngh mi vo sn xut. Phng k thut cn c nhim v kim tra quy cch mu hng v kt hp vi ban qun l phn xng sa cha hng b hng li. - Phng c in : C nhim v bo qun v duy tr ngun in, c kh my mc phc v cho qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh c din ra thng xuyn, lin tc. - Trung tm thit k : Ph trch vic thit k mu dng sn phm, trng by v gii thiu sn phm lm cho th trng bit n sn phm ca cng ty. ng thi y cng l ni tip nhn cc kin ng gp phn nh t ngi tiu dng. - Phn xng : L ni chuyn sn xut, gia cng cc loi sn phm ca cng ty. Hin nay cng ty c nhng phn xng sau: Phn xng 1, Phn xng 2 PXCKT, Phn xng ct v Phn xng thu. Trong , Phn xng 1 v Phn xng 2 chuyn sn xut gia cng hng may mc, PXCKT chuyn sn xut cc loi m, qun o bi. Mi phn xng u c t chc qun l theo t; ngoi cc t tham gia trc tip sn xut gia cng sn phm cn c t vn phng v phn xng thu thc hin cng on thu trong chu trnh sn xut hay nhn gia cng thu cho cc n v khc khi c hp ng. 2.1.4.2. c im v sn phm. C cu sn xut mt hng ca cng ty rt a dng v phong ph. Ngoi cc mt hng truyn thng ca cng ty l o smi, jacket, ng phc cho c quan, qun o th thao th cng ty cn sn xut qun o bi, m. Bn cnh , cng ty cn ch trng vo cc lnh vc kinh doanh ph nhm pht trin thm doanh thu nh k kt hp ng mua bn o v ng phc tr em. Vi tnh cht sn xut a dng nh vy, trong c ch th trng cng ty cn bit vn dng tim nng v lao ng, v mt my mc thit b, trnh cng nhn vo nhng nhim v sn xut a dng, m bo hon thin cht lng sn phm to doanh thu cao nht cho cng ty ng thi nng cao v tr cnh tranh ca cng ty trn th trng. 2.1.4.3. c im v th trng tiu th. * Th trng trong nc : Dn s nc ta hin nay khong gn 80 triu dn, nhu cu v sn phm may mc l thit yu ang ngy cng tng ln. Mc sng ca ngi dn c nng cao, li sng n mc hin i, hp thi trang du nhp vo nc ta. iu ny buc cc nh sn xut phi nng cao cht lng sn phm ca mnh c v kiu dng mu m ln cht liu sn phm. S lng cc doanh nghip sn xut hng may mc H Ni ni ring v c nc ni chung chim t l ln nh : cng ty may Thng Long, cng ty may Chin Thng, cng ty may 247, cng ty c phn may L Trc... ngoi ra cn c cc cng ty, doanh nghip t nhn t khp ni c th tn ti

vi lc lng mt n v t 5 n 10 ngi hoc vi trm ngi. Chnh v vy, n gy ra s cnh tranh quyt lit gia cc doanh nghip c v cht lng ln gi c. Bn cnh , hin nay trn th trng c nhiu loi qun o c nhp lu t Trung Quc, Thi Lan, Malaixia... v qun jean, o phng, s mi vi kiu dng p, mu m phong ph, gi c li r hn hng trong nc do khng phi ng thu khin nhiu ngi Vit Nam snh hng ngoi tiu dng ch yu cc mt hng ny. iu ny gy rt nhiu kh khn cho cc cng ty may mc trong nc. * Th trng nc ngoi : Khi cc i tc nc ngoi n Vit Nam k kt hp dng gia cng hng xut khu, h thng chn nhng cng ty ln c uy tn v cht lng sn phm, mu m kiu dng p, a dng v chng loi, mu sc ph hp vi nhu cu chung ca ngi tiu dng. Cng ty c phn may L trc lun ch trng n nghin cu th trng. Mt hng chnh ca cng ty l cc sn phm may mc bao gm cc chng loi : o jacket, vy o n, o ng phc c quan, o m bi, o s mi xut khu... L mt trong nhng thnh vin ca Tng cng ty dt may Vit Nam, cng ty c phn may L Trc gp mt phn khng nh vo vic y mnh sn xut hng dt may. Cc mt hng ca cng ty phong ph v chng loi, a dng v mu m v kch thc, mu sc, cht lng lun c ch trng nng cao khng nhng khng nh c mnh th trng trong nc m cn c nhng th trng kh tnh nh : Nht Bn, i Loan, Hn Quc c bit l th trng Nga, ng u vn l nhng th trng m trc y doanh nghip b ng. Cng vi cc bn hng truyn thng ( khi cng ty cn l c s may ca cng ty may Chin Thng ) cng ty khng ngng tm kim cc i tc mi trong v ngoi nc khng ngng m rng thm th trng. Cng ty thng xuyn duy tr mi lin h vi cc hng ni ting nh : Gennies fashion - i Loan, hng Hadong Hn Quc, hng Leisure, Itochi, Yongshin, Kinsho... Chnh s nhy bn vi bin ng ca th trng (sau s kin ngy 11/9), cng ty tm c mt hng i ng n l khng ngng tm kim th trng mi c trong nc v quc t thng qua hot ng ca ca hng bn l v hot ng xut khu sang th trng mi bo m u ra cho sn xut. Hn na, sn phm may mc ca cng ty lun c i mi, a dng ho v chng loi, mu m, kch c, mu sc, cht liu vi cht lng sn phm cao, gi thnh c nhiu ngi tiu dng chp nhn nn sn phm ca cng ty thu ht c rt nhiu khch hng trong v ngoi nc. iu ny c th hin qua bng sau: Biu s 2.7: Th trng hin nay ca cng ty c phn may L Trc.
STT Mt hng Th trng hin nay

1.

o Jacket

c, Php, Nga, Nht, an Mch, Hn Quc, Canada, Thy S, i Loan,Vit Nam

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Qun b Qun soc Qun u o smi o m bi Vy bu o th thao Qun th thao

c, Nga, Nht, Nauy. Nht, Hn Quc, Thi Lan. Php. c, Nht. Canada, Nga, Cng Ho Sc, Vit Nam, Php, i Loan, Thy S. Nht, Singapore, Hn Quc, Ty Ban Nha. i Loan, Vit Nam, Hng Kng, Triu Tin Singapore, Nht, Thy S. Singapore, Nht, Thy S. an Mch, Nga, c, Thi Lan.

10. o gi

(Ngun phng kinh doanh cng ty c phn may L Trc) Qua bng trn, ta thy th trng ch yu ca cng ty l Nht, c v Nga. Nht Bn, gi nhn cng rt cao nn hu ht mt hng may mc u c Nht nhp khu phc v cho nhu cu tiu dng trong nc. i vi cc th trng ny cng ty ch lm gia cng, xut khu trc tip v cht lng i hi cao. Tuy nhin, cng ty rt ch trng n nhng th trng ny v y l nhng th trng c sc tiu th ln, chim t l t hng cao nht so vi nhng th trng khc. Mt khc, cng ty cng lun m rng mng li kinh doanh tip th, cc i l gii thiu, qung co v bn sn phm, xc tin cc hp ng sn xut bn FOB trong v ngoi nc, doanh thu bn FOB nm 2004 t 20,294 t tng 25,47% so vi nm 2003, nh cng ty thit lp v m rng mi quan h vi cc khch hng tim nng nhng th trng ln khc to tin cho s pht trin lu di ca cng ty. 2.1.4.4. c im v nguyn vt liu. Do tnh cht v sn phm ca cng ty l cc sn phm may mc nn nguyn vt liu chnh l vi cc loi v cc loi khuy, ch, kho...Ngun nguyn liu chnh ny ca cng ty hu ht l nhp t nc ngoi. Cng ty lun tm mi lin h vi cc n v, cng ty trong Tng cng ty dt may v cc ngnh hu quan c ngun nguyn liu n nh. Bn cnh , sn phm ca cng ty dt trong nc cng ang c u t nng cao cht lng m chng loi a dng, gi c r li hn nhiu so vi ngun nguyn liu nhp khu nn cng ty c th nhp mt s loi vi c cht lng ca cc cng ty dt trong nc. Ngun nguyn liu l nhn t quan trng quyt nh rt nhiu n cht lng sn phm. V vy, cng ty lun tm kim nhng bn hng mi c kh nng cung cp nhng nguyn vt liu n nh, c cht lng cao, a dng v mu sc, sc chu nhit cao... m bo cho sn phm sn xut ra c cht lng ngy mt cao hn. thy r c iu ny ta c th theo di bo co nhp khu trong 3 nm (2002 2004) : Biu s 2.8 : Bo co nhp khu.

Cng dn n Cng dn n Cng dn n thng 12/2002 thng 12/2003 thng 12/2004 Mt hng S lng Tr gi S lng Tr gi S lng Tr gi (m) (USD) (m) (USD) (m) (USD) A. Vi cc loi 2.279.940 1.860.285 2.299.484 2.124.399 2.682.111 3.386.456 1. i Loan 1.054.000 745.250 1.175.873 815.440 1.954.324 1.345.272 2. Hn Quc 225.000 220.000 237.700 280.320 255.344 360.078 3. Nht 925.000 820.525 958.504 910.250 106.721 1.123.824 4. c 4.200 7.800 3.800 5.800 3.740 4.980 5. Trung Quc 9.500 3.600 18.300 7.050 29.000 1.532 6. Thi Lan 8.850 9.500 7. Vit Nam 35.745 30.000 45.245 37.375 249.760 453.624 8. Hng Kng 6.720 1.958 8.950 2.154 9.720 2.200 9. Nga 10.925 21.652 9.554 19.015 10. Malaysia 20.145 16.920 21.896 18.540 35.343 30.075 37.220 33.917 11. n 12. Indonesia 40.486 42.489 B. Ph Liu 70.613 91.007 204.252 1. i Loan 15.172 17.965 51.000 2. Hn Quc 5.180 8.059 9.245 3. Nht 21.034 26.115 33.760 4. c 2.900 1.689 1.071 5. Trung Quc 9.820 15.032 1.825 6. Thi Lan 1.756 7. Vit Nam 1.615 2.043 48.226 8. Hng Kng 10.495 12.478 46.751 9. Nga 2.641 1.732 10. Malaysia 2.075 6.845 3.819 3.524 11. n 12. Indonesia 2.005 (Bo co nhp khu cc nm 2002 2004 ca Cng ty c phn may L Trc) Qua bng bo co trn ta thy bn hng chnh v tng i n nh cng ty nhp nguyn ph liu l i Loan v m rng ra mt s th trng khc nh Nht Bn, Hn Quc, c, Trung Quc... v mt s nc ASEAN. iu ny cho thy ngun nguyn ph liu ca cng ty rt di do v a dng. V vy, vic la chn ngun cung ng nguyn ph liu ph hp vi c im sn xut sn phm vi cht lng cao v gi thnh hp l l iu kin hng u ca cng ty. Tuy nhin, ngun nguyn liu ca cng ty ch yu l nhp t nc ngoi nn ngun nguyn liu c

khai thc t cc bn hng trong nc chim t l rt nh v cng ch mi c t mua trong nhng nm gn y. Hin nay, nn cng nghip ca nc ta ang rt pht trin, cht lng vi c sn xut trn nhng dy chuyn hin i, m bo cht lng, nu so vi nc ngoi th cht lng cng khng thua km l bao nhiu. Hn na, nu cc doanh nghip may mc nhp vi trong nc s tit kim c ngoi t cho cng ty cng nh to s tng trng cho nn kinh t trong nc, gii quyt cng n vic lm cho ngun lao ng d tha, tit kim a chi ph vn chuyn, hng ho c p ng kp thi gp phn gim gi thnh v tng sc cnh tranh ca sn phm. Chnh v vy, ngoi vic m rng hp tc i ngoi vi cc bn hng nc ngoi, cng ty cng nn quan tm hn na n cc ngun nguyn liu c cht lng cc bn hng trong nc. Nh vy, cng ty s tit kim c chi ph m vn tng li nhun v ngy cng cng c th trng ca mnh. 2.1.4.5. c im v my mc thit b v quy trnh cng ngh ca cng ty c phn may L Trc. * c im v my mc thit b. Cng ty mi i vo hot ng ring t nm 2000 nn phn ln my mc thit b cn kh mi v hin i. Cng ty mnh dn u t my mc thit b mi t cc nc c nn cng nghip tin tin nh Nht Bn, c, Hn Quc.. nng cao nng sut lao ng v cht lng sn phm nhm tng kh nng cnh tranh sn phm may mc ca cng ty trn th trng trong nc cng nh trn th trng quc t. Hin nay, ti cc phn xng ca cng ty c hng trm my may cng nghip, my l, my ct, my thu hin i. Ngoi ra, cn c nhng dy chuyn sn xut c nhp khu ng lot t Nht Bn, c. Trong nm va qua, cng ty ch trng u t thm my mc thit b hin i phc v cho sn xut nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm. Di y l bng kim k tnh hnh my mc thit b ca cng ty trong nm 2004.

Biu s 2.9: Danh mc my mc thit b ca cng ty nm 2004. STT 1. 2. 3. 4. Tn thit b My may 1 kim BROTHER My may 1 kim JUKI My may 1 kim SUNSTAR My may 2 kim BROTHER Nc sn xut c Nht Nht c S lng 203 224 107 90

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.

My may 2 kim SUNSTAR My may 2 kim JUKI My vt s JUKI My vt s PEGASUS My p MEX My vt s SIRUBA My trn diu My tha trn JUKI My tha trn MINEVA My tha trn RECCE 104 My nh cc JUKI My nh cc My nh b JUKI My nh b BROTHER My zic zc SINGER My zic zc JUKI My vt gu JUKI My vt gu My dp cc My ct vng My ct vng My ct tay KM Ni hi NAOMOTO Cu ht NAOMOTO L phom VEIT My xn bng My lng lng JUBOKING Ni hi l phom My d kim SANKO My san ch My nn kh My cp chun KANSAI My khoan My mi hai My nh nhn SUNSTAR My thu JAJIMA My thu My may mc My p ch My ct lt My np smi My tra cp qun Jean

Nht Nht Nht Nht Nga Nht Tip Nht c c Nht Hungari Nht c Tip Nht Nht Lin X Nht, Trung Quc Nht c Nht Nht Nht c, Trung Quc Tip Hng Kng Nht, Vit Nam Nht Nht Nht Nht i Loan, Vit Nam i Loan Nht Nht c Hn Quc M Hn Quc Trung Quc, Vit Nam c

70 96 25 32 35 26 27 27 08 06 20 04 15 05 06 10 09 05 18 15 10 20 08 24 09 06 06 04 05 07 05 08 06 07 08 02 02 05 06 05 21 07

47. 48. 49. 50.

My git My vt My sy My b ci

Hng Kng, Nht Hng Kng, i Loan i Loan Nht

20 10 15 30

Qua bng thng k trn ta nhn thy tuy my mc thit b c ngun gc khc nhau nhng kh hon thin v ng b. Mi x nghip u c trang b y my mc thit b cn thit phc v cho qu trnh sn xut. Vi trnh cng ngh kh tin tin nh vy, cng ty kh nng sn xut ra sn phm c cht lng cao. Bn cnh , cng ty tip tc u t ci tin my mc thit b mi ph hp vi tin chung ca cc nc pht trin, nhiu phng n cng ngh ang c tip tc xy dng v thc hin, a thm my mc thit b t ng hin i vo sn xut mt hng cao cp hn, chng loi cng a dng hn, p ng nhanh chng nhu cu th trng nc ngoi cng nh th trng ni a. * c im v quy trnh cng ngh sn xut. i vi bt k mt doanh nghip sn xut no, m bo vic sn xut ra sn phm vi khi lng ln, t nng sut cao v cht lng tt cn phi sn xut hp l. Cng ty c phn may L Trc l mt doanh nghip c quy m sn xut tng i ln, i tng ch bin l vi v c ct may thnh cc loi hng khc nhau, k thut sn xut vi mu m vi ca mi chng loi mt hng c s phc tp khc nhau, ph thuc vo chi tit cc loi mt hng . Do mi mt hng k c c vc cho tng mt hng c yu cu sn xut k thut ring v loi vi ct, v cng thc pha ct cho tng c vc (qun, o...), c v thi gian hon thnh cho nn cc chng loi mt hng khc nhau c sn xut trn cng mt loi dy chuyn (ct, may) nhng khng c tin hnh cng mt thi gian. Do c cu chi ph ch bin v mc ca mi loi chi ph cu thnh sn lng sn phm tng mt hng khc nhau. Vi hng may gia cng, cc phn xng sn xut c t chc theo quy trnh cng ngh khp kn, bao gm: nhn nguyn ph liu, gic mu s , ct, phi mu, may, l, ng gi, nhp kho vi cc loi my mc chuyn dng v s lng sn phm tng i ln c ch bin t nguyn liu chnh l vi. Biu s 2.10: Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut sn phm may ca cng ty c phn may L Trc. Giao nhn nguyn ph liu Gic mu s Sn xut mu i Thu bn thnh phm Thu ho sn phm Ct bn thnh phm Phi mu May Ghp TP

Git, mi, ty

Quy trnh sn xut sn phm ca cng ty l quy trnh sn xut phc tp kiu bng truyn, lin tc. Sn phm c tri qua nhiu cng on sn xut k tip nhau. Cc mt hng ca cng ty c v s kiu cch, chng loi khc nhau song tt c u phi tri qua mt quy trnh cng ngh trn. Ring i vi mt hng c yu cu ty, mi hoc thu trc khi a vo dy chuyn l, ng gi cn phi mi hoc thu. Trong cc bc to ra thnh phm th cng on may sn phm t bn thnh phm ct, thu v ghp ph liu l quan trng nht. y l cng on m ngi cng nhn s dng k thut ca mnh to ra thnh phm cui cng. Tnh hp l v khoa hc ca qu trnh may nh hng ln n cht lng sn phm. hiu r hn tng cng on ca quy trnh cng ngh, ta s xem xt c th cng vic ca tng cng on : Cng on giao nhn nguyn ph liu: V l may gia cng nn nguyn ph liu ch yu do khch hng cung cp. Cng ty s chu trch nhim a nguyn ph liu n tng phn xng. Mi phn xng s kim tra v s lng, chng loi vt t sau tin hnh cn i nguyn ph liu v bt tay vo sn xut. Phng k thut s tin hnh chun b nguyn vt liu ch th mu m giao cho khch hng duyt. Cng on gic mu s : Sn phm mu i s c gic trn mt s vi tng chi tit nh. Cn c vo s ny ngi cng nhn c th tin hnh cc bc tip theo. Cng on ct bn thnh phm: Cn c vo mu s , ngi cng nhn tin hnh ct th (ct lt qua, cha thnh hnh dng c th nh trong s mu) vi cc chi tit phc tp, i hi s chnh xc, kho lo v tin hnh ct tinh (ct lun theo hnh dng nh s ) i vi cc chi tit n gin. Nu khch hng c yu cu thu, in thm th s bn thnh phm ct s c em i thu, in. Cng on phi mu: Phi mu kch c cho ph hp vi yu cu ca khch hng. Cng on may: c phn cng cho ba t tin hnh may chi tit v may lp rp hon chnh sn phm. Cng on thu ho sn phm: Cng vic ny do mt ngi i din tng t m trch. Sau khi sn phm c hon thnh ngi thu ho sn phm c trch nhim kim tra hng lot, nu pht hin sai st s tr li t sn xut khc phc sa cha li, cn nu khng c li, ngi thu ho s chuyn sn phm n khu tip theo. Cng on git, mi, ty. l: Vic ny cng do mt ngi t thc hin.

 Cng on KCS (kim tra cht lng sn phm): Sn phm sau khi c git, ty, l s c chuyn n b phn KCS mi phn xng. B phn ny s tin hnh kim tra li mt ln na sn phm xem sn phm c tiu chun cht lng ra khng trc khi ng gi sn phm. Nu sn phm no khuyt tt th sn phm s b mang tr li cho ngi thu ho sn phm, ngi ny li tr li cho t sn xut tin hnh sa cha hay may li. Cng on ng gi, nhp kho v chun b xut xng: L cng on cui cng ca quy trnh cng ngh. i vi mt hng FOB cng bao gm cc cng on ca quy trnh cng ngh trn nhng cn thm khu thit k v nguyn ph liu do cng ty t lo. Nh vy, quy trnh cng ngh sn xut m cng ty ang p dng l quy trnh cng ngh khp kn, tng b phn chuyn mn ho r rt v th tit kim c nguyn ph liu, nng cao nng sut lao ng m bo cht lng sn phm lm ra t tiu chun m cng ty ln k hoch. 2.1.4.6. c im v lao ng. Mun sn xut ca ci vt cht th 3 yu t khng th thiu l: lc lng lao ng, t liu lao ng v i tng lao ng trong lc lng lao ng l yu t ng vai tr quan trng nht. Nu sn xut m khng c lao ng th hot ng sn xut s b ngng tr, khng th tin hnh lin tc c. Nu khoa hc l iu kin cn th yu t lao ng l iu kin , l yu t c bn quyt nh n cht lng sn phm cng nh nng cao sc cnh tranh ca sn phm trn thng trng. Gi s c cng ngh hin i nhng khng c lao ng tay ngh, trnh k thut chuyn mn cao th my mc, thit b cng ngh hin i cng khng th pht huy c tc dng. Do vy, tng bc nng cao cht lng sn phm cng nh nng cao hiu qu hot ng kinh doanh, cng ty v ang dn n nh i ng cn b qun l v cng ngh k thut trong cc dy chuyn sn xut sao cho ph hp nht. Bn cnh , cng ty cng khng ngng bi dng, o to cht lng i ng cng nhn sn xut trc tip p ng tt hn nhu cu cng vic. Cng ty hin ang s dng lng lao ng l 850 ngi lm vic theo gi hnh chnh (2 ca/ngy). Nhng khi vo v chnh cng ty c th tng s ca lm vic ln 3 ca/ ngy. Biu s 2.11: S lng v c cu lao ng trong cng ty nm 2004. Cc loi lao ng STT 1. Lao ng gin tip (k c hp ng) Trong chia ra: - Trnh i Hc v trn i Hc - Trnh trung cp, cao ng - Nhn vin tp v n v tnh Ngi Ngi Ngi Ngi S lng 45 30 15 0 T l % 5,3 3,5 1,8 0

2.

Lao ng trc tip (chia theo bc): - Bc 1 - Bc 2 - Bc 3 - Bc 4 - Bc 5 Bc 6

Ngi Ngi Ngi Ngi Ngi Ngi Ngi

805 90 297 385 18 10 5

94,7 10,6 34,9 45,3 2,1 1,2 0,6

( Ngun bo co tnh hnh lao ng ca cng ty ) hiu thm tnh hnh nhn s ca cng ty c phn may L Trc ta i su phn tch c cu lao ng ca cng ty nm 2004. Biu s 2.12: C cu lao ng trong cng ty nm 2004. Lao ng gin tip 1. Ban gim c 2. Phng phc v sn xut 3. Phng hnh chnh 4. Phong k ton ti v 5. Phng xut nhp khu 6. Phng kinh doanh 7. Phng k thut 8. Phng KCS 9. Trung tm thit k 10.Phng bo v qun s 11.Phng c in S lng 03 05 04 04 04 05 05 05 05 03 02 Lao ng trc tip 1. Phn xng may 1 2. Phn xng may 2 3. Phn xng CKT 4. Phn xng thu 5. Phn xng ct S lng 235 260 125 59 126

Tng cng:

45

805

c trng ca ngnh may l kt hp my mc thit b vi lao ng th cng. Do vy, lc lng cng nhn sn xut chnh vn l ph n, h c i tay kho lo v chu kh lm vic. Tuy nhin, do t l lao ng n chim kh cao trong cng ty khong 85% trong khi lao ng nam ch chim 15% lm nh hng khng nh n nng sut lao ng cng nh cht lng sn phm v cng tc qun l lao ng. H c ch ngy ngh cao: ngh , ngh m, con m... trong giai on cng ty buc phi tm ngi khc thay th. Ngi c thay th c khi phi o to li hon ton hoc phi bi dng thm mi c th lm tt c cng vic do vy m tn km v chi ph nhng cht lng sn phm cng khng c m bo bng ngi lao ng chnh. Hn na, c nhiu trng hp nhng cng nhn sau khi ngh mt thi gian quay tr li lm vic tay ngh khng cn linh hot, n nh nh trc d dn n lm khng ng quy cch v khng t tiu chun. Do vy, cng ty nn c s quan tm hn na v vn ny lm sao va gii quyt n nh cc vn ngh v

nhng l do trn va khng lm nh hng n tnh hnh sn xut v cht lng sn phm. Hin nay, s cn b qun l v nhn vin, cng nhn c trnh i hc v trn i hc cn t, s lng cn b qun tr trong cng ty ch chim t l tng i 5,3% cho nn y l mt hn ch ln c nh hng trc tip n trnh qun l ca doanh nghip. V vy, nng cao c cht lng sn phm v v tr ca cng ty trn th trng, cng ty nn sp xp b tr li i ng cn b nhm p ng nhim v trong qu trnh i mi ng thi b sung thm i ng cn b c trnh i hc v trn i hc qua o to c bn v i ng cn b ch cht ca cng ty. Hn na, c s tip cn vi s pht trin khoa hc k thut cng ngh v phng php qun l mi cng ty cn to iu kin cho cn b, ngi lao ng c thm c hi hc tp, nghin cu nng cao trnh , bi dng thm kin thc chuyn mn qua cc kho hc o to ti chc, cc kho hc ngn hn v di hn phc v cho cng tc qun tr, cc trung tm dy ngh. Vic phn cng b tr lao ng v s lng lao ng hp l s to iu kin cng ty tng nng sut lao ng, gim cc chi ph v nhn cng, to iu kin tng li nhun cng nh tng kh nng cnh tranh ca cng ty. 2.1.4.7. c im v ngun vn kinh doanh. Vn l iu kin vt cht khng th thiu c trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. Mun kinh doanh th phi c vn u t, mua sm ti sn c nh, cng c dng c, d tr hng ho, chi tr cc khon chi ph phi chi khc... Nh vy, c th hiu vn kinh doanh ca doanh nghip l biu hin bng tin ca ton b ti sn thuc quyn s hu ca doanh nghip ang phc v cho hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. Cng ty c phn may L Trc l thnh vin ca Tng cng ty dt may Vit Nam. Ngun vn ca cng ty c hnh thnh t ba ngun chnh: - Mt l ngun vn ca Nh nc. - Hai l ngun vn huy ng t cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty. - Ba l ngun vn huy ng t bn ngoi. S c ng v c cu phn phi vn theo ch s hu trong cng ty c th hin bng sau: Biu s 2.13 : C cu phn phi vn ca cng ty c phn may L Trc.

Loi c ng
C ng l CBCNV C ng t do C ng l Nh nc

S c ng (ngi) 583 20 01

S c phn S c phn u i thng ( c phiu ) ( c phiu ) 72.800 1.506 0 10.994 0 23.500

Tng s c phn ( c phiu ) 74.306 10.994 23.500

Phn % so vi vn iu l 68.3% 10.1% 21.6%

Tng cng

604

72.800

36.000

108.800

100%

(Ngun s liu vn phng Cng ty c phn may L Trc) Qua bng s liu trn ta thy ngun vn c huy ng t cn b cng nhn vin l rt ln cn huy ng t bn ngoi rt t. iu ny chng t vn ni b rt quan trng gip cho cng ty yn tm sn xut kinh doanh, hn na vic m bo y ngun vn l mt vn ct yu qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh din ra lin tc v c hiu qu. V vy c cu vn hp l l yu t quan trng cng ty s dng vn c hiu qu, tit kim vn trong kinh doanh. Vn kinh doanh ca cng ty c phn may L Trc c chia thnh hai phn: Vn c nh v vn lu ng. + Vn c nh: Bao gm t ai, nh xng, my mc thit b, cng c dng c... c tnh bng tin mt. + Vn lu ng: Bao gm nguyn vt liu chnh, nguyn vt liu ph v ti sn khu sn xut nh sn phm d dang, bn sn phm. Sau y l kt qu bo co tnh hnh vn kinh doanh ca cng ty trong nhng nm gn y: Biu s 2.14: Tnh hnh v ngun vn ca cng ty trong nhng nm gn y. Nm C Ch tiu Tng vn KD Vn c nh Vn lu ng 2001 S tin T l (Tr.) (%) 32.996 100 25.326 77 7.670 23 2002 S tin T l (Tr.) (%) 33.924 100 24.981 74 8.943 26 2003 S tin T l (Tr.) (%) 34.953 100 25.201 72 9.752 28 2004 S tin T l (Tr.) (%) 37.099 100 25.849 70 11.250 30

(Ngun s liu vn phng Cng ty c phn may L Trc) Nhn vo bng trn ta thy c s tng ln hay gim i ca vn kinh doanh. C th nm 2001 vn kinh doanh t 32.996 triu ng trong vn lu ng chim 23% v vn c inh chim 77% th n cc nm 2002, 2003 v 2004 vn kinh doanh tng ln tng i. Ngun vn c nh ca cng ty lun n nh v tng trong hai nm gn y l do cng ty mua b sung thm my mc thit b cng ngh hin i, cn ngun vn lu ng hng nm u tng do c s u t t ngn sch Nh nc v b sung t cc qu, cc ngun khc trong v ngoi cng ty nh huy ng ngun vn ni lc, vay ngn hng, vay cc t chc kinh t... Nh vy, vi s tng trng ca ngun vn qua tng nm s l iu kin thun li doanh nghip m bo thc hin c chin lc kinh doanh ra. V vy, bo ton v pht trin ngun vn cng ty p dng rt nhiu bin php trong ng ch l cc bin php sau: - Ch ng mua sm ti sn c nh tng nng lc sn xut, thc hin u t theo chiu su. Vic u t mua sm ti sn c nh tng nng lc sn xut l vic lm c ngha quan trng trong vic nng cao hiu qu s dng vn c nh trong cng ty. Thc hin c iu ny s gip cho cng ty c kh nng theo kp

cnh tranh v cht lng sn phm, chng loi sn phm ng thi h gi thnh sn phm nhm t hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh cao nht. - Thc hin tt cng tc khu hao v s dng qu khu hao. Trch khu hao c bn l hnh thc thu hi vn do vy vn c c m bo v nng cao hiu qu hay khng l ph thuc vo vic tnh v trch khu hao c ng v hay khng. - i vi ti sn lu ng, cng ty y mnh tiu th sn phm, x l kp thi cc khon n kh i, tin hnh p dng cc hnh thc hot ng tn dng, tng vng quay ca vn nhm tng kh nng mua sm v thanh ton ca cng ty. Nh vy, qua ch tiu v ngun vn ta thy vn c bit quan trng c nh hng ln n cng tc qun tr cht lng ca cng ty. V vy cn phi s dng ngun vn mt cch c hiu qu khng ngng nng cao cht lng sn phm ca cng ty.
2.2. Thc trng cht lng sn phm v qun tr cht lng sn phm ti cng ty c phn may L Trc.

2.2.1. Phn tch tnh hnh cht lng sn phm ti cng ty c phn may L Trc trong thi gian qua. Cng ty c phn may L Trc l mt doanh nghip thuc Tng cng ty dt may Vit Nam c coi l c quy m ln v gia cng hng may mc trong c nc vi danh mc sn phm kh a dng v chng loi, phong ph v hnh thc mu m. Cng ty nhn thc c cht lng l vn sng cn, l cng c cnh tranh hu hiu ca doanh nghip trong c ch th trng. Hin nay tt c cc sn phm n tay ngi tiu dng u c m bo v cht lng, c kim tra k lng trc khi xut xng, bn cnh cng ty cng khng a ra bn cc sn phm th cp hay sn phm km cht lng. Vi c im sn phm l mt hng may mc do sau qu trnh gia cng m b hng nh: li ch, li ng may... u phi hu b hoc sa cha hon chnh li tuy nhin hu ht ch c mt s bn thnh phm hng mi c th sa cha li c. Cng ty lun c gng gim ti a t l sn phm hng gim chi ph sn xut, nng cao cht lng sn phm. Cht lng thc t ca cng ty c th hin qua cc s liu sau: Nm 2001 2002 2003 2004 T l sai hng 1.72 1.51 1.34 1.2

T bng trn ta thy t l sai hng v sn phm gim dn theo cc nm nh vic kim sot cht ch nguyn vt liu u vo nn cng ty hu nh khng gp nhiu trc trc v cht lng do khu chun b nguyn vt liu. Nm 2002 so vi nm 2001 gim 0,21% nhng cho n nm 2004 th t l ny gim c 0,52%. Hn na, nh s c gng n lc v s qun tr ng n ca cn b cng nhn vin

trong cng ty m t l ph phm ca cng ty tng i nh v ngy cng c hn ch. Trong nhng nm gn y, cng ty u t mt lng my mc thit b kh hin i, cc dy chuyn vn cn pha trn gia th cng v my mc nhng cng gp phn ng k cho vic nng cao cht lng sn phm ca cng ty. Mi dy chuyn sn xut, ngoi nhng cng nhn ca phn xng c b tr thm k s ph trch v k thut nhm m bo cho dy chuyn hot ng lin tc v khc phc nhng s c k thut nh hng n cht lng sn phm. Cn b KCS cn thng xuyn theo st qu trnh sn xut nm bt tnh hnh cht lng, kp thi ngn nga sn phm km cht lng xut xng v n tay ngi tiu dng. Tuy nhin vn cht lng ca cng ty vn cn nhiu tn ti. Mc d sn phm hng gim i rt nhiu nhng kt qu vn cha phi l ti u chng hn nh: t l hao ht nguyn vt liu cn cao do cng ty vn cn duy tr mt s lng my mc thit b c gy nn hin tng li ng may, lm m cc... trong qu trnh sn xut. Hn na, v vn cng nhn sn xut trc tip th trnh tay ngh, thc k lut, tc phong cng nghip trong sn xut cu h cha cao nn nh hng khng nh n cht lng sn phm sn xut ra. hiu c th hn tnh hnh cht lng sn phm ca cng ty ta s i xem xt tnh hnh cht lng tng phn xng. 2.2.1.1. Tnh hnh cht lng bn thnh phm phn xng ct. Phn xng ct l ni tin hnh ct bn thnh phm theo nh mc v k hoch ct c th bng biu ct bn thnh phm do phng k thut chuyn cho kho pht nguyn ph liu theo nh mc. Cng vic ct bn thnh phm gm cc bc sau: Nhn nguyn ph liu t kho v theo biu ct bn thnh phm , kim tra li kh vi v k hiu. - Tin hnh tri vi theo chiu di c quy nh trong bn gic mu v biu ct bn thnh phm. - Xoa phn ln bn gic in xung bn vi, sau dng mu ba v li cho chnh xc ri dng my ng ct thnh tng mng v a ln my ct tnh pha thnh cc chi tit bn thnh phm. - Bn thnh phm c a xung bn th ph nh s th t trnh nhm ln khi may. - Sau khi nh s, bn thnh phm c ng gi v nhp kho bn thnh phm, sau cp pht ln phn xng may theo k hoch. Cng on ct bn thnh phm rt quan trng bi v sn phm may c p hay khng mt phn cng l do cht lng ca khu ct bn thnh phm. Qun l tt c c khu ny s to tin tt cho cng on may hon thin sn phm t nng sut v cht lng cao hn. Mt khc, khu ny cn phi ch n tnh k hoch v tnh ng b. Bi mt sn phm may c nhiu chng loi nguyn ph liu nh vi chnh, vi lt, vi phi v bng dng... do vy khi ct phi ng b c chnh, ph v lt phn xng may tin hnh sn xut c tri chy. nh gi cng vic ca phn xng ct ta hy xem bng tng kt tnh hnh cht lng bn thnh phm trong 4 nm qua.

Biu s 2.15: Tnh hnh cht lng bn thnh phm phn xng ct. C Sa cha Nm c 2001 4.500 2002 4.230 2003 3.980 2004 3.277 Ph phm 380 319 257 216 Ti Sa cha c 3.800 3.451 3.002 2.868 Ph phm 295 226 219 198 Cp qun Sa Ph cha phm c 2.780 421 2.511 403 2.257 389 2.085 334 Tay Thn o Thn qun Sa Sa Sa cha cha cha c c c 3.745 2.890 1.951 3.545 2.156 1.832 3.131 2.087 1.688 3.029 1.986 1.455

Do c im ca cng vic ct phn xng l nu bn thnh phm b ct hng c to th c th sa cha ct li theo c nh hn, nu trong trng hp li ct qu nng hoc khng th chuyn c sang c nh hn th mi cho vo loi ph phm. S ph phm ny s c chuyn i ra mt yu cu qun c phn xng lp bin bn hng sau trnh by vi ph gim c ph trch phn xng yu cu th kho cung cp vi mi thay th. i vi cc bn thnh phm nh thn o, tay o, thn qun b phn ct lun kt hp v chuyn sang cc b phn khc phc v cng vic hon thin sn phm. Do vy, i vi nhng loi bn thnh phm nh th ny hu nh khng c ph phm hoc nu c l rt t khng ng k. Nhn vo bng tng kt ta thy t l bn thnh phm hng phi sa cha cng nh t l ph phm l chp nhn c v ngy cng th hin c s ci thin. Tuy nhin, v cht lng bn thnh phm ct phc v tt cho cng on may th vn cn phi c nng cao hn na v cc bn thnh phm vn cha c ct chnh xc tuyt i m thng ct qu rng hoc qu hp so vi paton (mu). Cc bn thnh phm ny tuy khng b coi l ph phm nhng gy khng t kh khn cho phn xng may thm ch cn lm gim cht lng thnh phm may. S lng vi ct theo qui nh i vi tng loi vi c ghi r theo nh hng dn tc nghip ca phng k thut. Thng thng i vi loi vi kh ct th mt my ct c th ct 30- 40 lp vi, cn vi d ct th c 80- 100 lp. Cc l vi thng di 20 m vi kh rng 1,5 m. Tuy nhin, do nhu cu ca tin cng vic cn gp cng nh thi quen lm u ca mt s cng nhn khng tun th v s lng ct, cho ct vi qu nhiu lp vi dn n bn thnh phm ct b x lch, nhn dm, ng ct khng m bo ng. S lng cng nhn ct cc nm gn y thng vo khong trn 100 ngi vi bc th trung bnh 2,8. Phn xng ct lun c qun c l ngi c kinh nghim, c bc th t bc 4 tr ln. Chnh nh s quan tm ca ban lnh o cng ty, phn xng ct c trang b nhng my mc cng ngh ct hin i v nng cao cht lng bn thnh phm, iu ny c th hin r trong nm 2004 vi t l bn thnh phm ct hng gim

0,92%, ph phm gim 0,084%. y c th c coi l thnh tch cao nht m phn xng ct t c trong nhiu nm qua. 2.2.1.2. Tnh hnh cht lng bn thnh phm phn xng thu, in. Khi tin hnh xong cng vic ct nguyn liu to ra bn thnh phm, nu mu m hng c yu cu thu hay in th phn xng ct s in s th t ri chuyn sang cho phn xng thu, in. Hin nay, phn xng thu c trang b bn dn my thu ca Nht, c mi dn my c 10 u my. V s lng cng nhn ng my c 43 ngi. Nu c nhiu hng thu, phn xng s b tr chia lm 3 ca sn xut. Ngoi ra cn 15 ngi nht ch thu, bc dng thu v mt ph gim c ph trch phn xng thu. Cc mu hnh cn thu thng l con ging, biu tng, ch. Nhn chung, tnh hnh cht lng phn xng thu l rt tt. Do tnh cht cng vic l s dng cc dn my thu t ng nn t l sai hng l rt t hu nh khng c. Nu c nhng bn thnh phm thu khng p, hnh hay ch nh hn mu hoc thu ngc chiu, nhm mu ch c th tho ch thu li nhng nu mt ch thu qu dy, vic tho ch s lm rch vi th cn tho thun, thng lng vi khch hng nhng bn thnh phm c th chp nhn c. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh t chc thu sn phm v bc dng thu, do t chc lm cha hon ton tt nn nhiu ln xy ra tnh trng c nhng mt hng ly ln trc nhng phn xng thu khng lm theo th t b qua lm nhng mt hng ly ln sau. Do vy, nhng bn thnh phm cn lm ngay lp rp hon thin sn phm th phn xng thu lm sau cn nhng bn thnh phm cha cn lm ngay th li c lm trc. Chnh vic lm ny gy ch tc cho sn xut, lm chm tin giao hng cho khch. Trc y, khi c nhng bn thnh phm cn thu, phng k thut ch a sn phm mu xem v hng dn cch phi mu . By gi, phng k thut mun khc phc tnh trng thu khng ng v tr, kch thc, mu hnh cn thu nn i vi mi mt hng u c quy trnh k thut hng dn thu, hng dn t m mu thu, mu ch, kch thc ch hoc mu hnh cn thu. ng thi ph gim c ph trch phn xng thu cng qui nh r trch nhim qun l cng nh trch nhim ca tng cng nhn thu cui mi qu c xt thng thi ua. Nh nhng bin php tch cc nh vy m phn xng thu dn dn i vo n nh v lun m bo cht lng nhng bn thnh phm xut cho phn xng may hon thin. 2.2.1.3. Tnh hnh cht lng sn phm phn xng may. Phn xng may l ni sn xut chnh ca cng ty, bao gm c may v hon thin sn phm khp kn mt cng on sn xut. Trong cng ty c phn may L Trc c hai phn xng may chuyn sn xut gia cng hng may mc. Cn mt phn xng may CKT chuyn sn xut cc loi m, o bi. Hin nay, trang thit b my mc phc v cng on may ang dn c hin i ho vi nhiu loi my tin tin nh: my b ci, my p mex..., cng vic chnh ca phn xng may bao gm ph qun c phn xng i lnh hng bn thnh phm theo tin k hoch, ph trch k thut ca phn xng i ly mu paton v quy trnh may phng k thut, sau v kim tra khp li paton ln na v pht mu cho cng nhn may. Ngi cng nhn may ly du v kim tra bn thnh phm theo mu ny ri da vo o mu v quy

trnh may hon thin sn phm. Trong qu trnh sn xut, thng th mt phn xng chia lm 3 t vi mi t l mt dy chuyn sn xut bao gm khong 60 my may v nhng may chuyn dng khc vi s cng nhn khong trn 75 ngi. Ngi ph trch dy chuyn l t trng t qun l sn xut chu trch nhim phn chuyn, b tr lao ng sao cho ph hp vi tng m hng. Do vy, ngi t trng c kinh nghim qun l, c tay ngh chuyn mn cao, c nhit tnh cng tc th s qun l tt dy chuyn sn xut t nng sut cao. Khi sn phm may xong s c lm v sinh cng nghip v c kim tra cht lng ca t kim tra dy chuyn. Mi sn phm li c kim tra ln na bi b phn KCS ca cng ty. C nhiu m hng cn c c ngi i din khch hng kim tra trc tip ti phn xng. Nhng sn phm t cht lng s c bao gi, ng thng nhp kho. Trong nhng nm gn y, cng ty thit lp h thng cc ch tiu nhm m bo sn phm lm ra t cht lng tt, nng cao uy tn ca cng ty trn th trng. 2.2.1.4. H thng ch tiu nh gi cht lng sn phm ca cng ty c phn may L Trc. Mi sn phm u cha trong n mt h thng nhng c im ni ti. l cc ch tiu phn nh cht lng ca sn phm. Cc doanh nghip mun sn xut hng ho u phi xy dng nhng tiu chun nhm nh gi v m bo t c cc ch tiu trn. c c nhng ch tiu , b phn k thut cng ngh ca cng ty phi nghin cu a ra cc ch tiu trn c s tiu chun ngnh v cc iu kin ca cng ty sau mi tp hp li thnh mt h thng cc tiu chun. H thng tiu chun ny phi c trung tm o lng cht lng Nh nc duyt v cho php tin hnh sn xut. Da vo h thng tiu chun ng k ny, c quan Nh nc v cht lng c th kim tra gim st tnh hnh cht lng ca cng ty, ng thi cn b ca cng ty c c s nh gi tnh hnh bo m cht lng trong cng ty mnh. Phng k thut ca cng ty nghin cu da trn cc tiu chun quc gia, tiu chun ngnh v cc yu cu ca khch hng thu gia cng. Cng vi s xem xt mt cch ton din h thng sn xut nh my mc thit b v nng lc lm vic ca cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty, phng k thut a ra tiu chun cht lng cho sn phm may ca cng ty. * Yu cu chung i vi sn phm may. - m bo mt mi ch may: 5mi/1cm, ng may thng, u, p, khng si ch v b mi. - u v cui ng may phi c li mi chc chn v trng kht. Khng ni ch tu tin cc ng dim ngoi. - Nht sch cc u ch, khng h du c. - m bo cc thng s k thut. - V sinh cng nghip phi sch s. * Yu cu i vi cc bn thnh phm. Cc bn thnh phm phi c kim tra k cng trc khi chuyn n cc phn xng may hon thin sn phm. Cc ch tiu cn kim tra: v tr, cht liu, hnh

dng, chng loi. Nhng chi tit t yu cu l nhng chi tit p ng c nhng tiu chun sau: - Dn dng: + Dng khng dnh: Phi phng, ng kch thc. + Dng dnh: Khng c chy nha sang mt phi ca vi, khng bng dp, phi phng v ng kch thc. - Sang du v tr: + ng nh mu: Np, ai gu, tra kho... + ng v tr: V tr ca chi tit ng nh mu paton. + Ti: Sang du vo thn khp vi mu, vi mu kho, ti cn lm. - Kim tra vt s: + Mu ch vt s phi ng. + mau tha hp l (theo yu cu ca khch hng). + ng vt s khng c lng, si ch. + B vt s: Tu theo yu cu ca khch hng m kim tra t mc 0,7 ly hay 0,5 ly. - May chi tit di: + May ti: Sao cho ng kiu ti, ng chi tit, v tr, kch thc, may u mi ch, trnh si ch, t ch, ng li ch phi trng khp vi ng may thng khng b sng, vi cc ng ln phi trn u nh mu. + May c: Khng c dm, do, vn, trn u, ng kch thc vi cc im i xng. - Cng on l: L phng, phi m bo l vo mt tri, dn ng may. - Dn ng may: + Kim tra trc khi dn: V sinh cng nghip sch s, khng cn tp cht trn ng may, ng may sa gn theo yu cu ca qu trnh, ng kch thc, khng si ch hay b mi. + Kim tra sau khi dn: Phi u, dnh cht ng may gia bng dn, ng may khng c chng cho, dm, nhit va . (Ch : mun th ng bng dn m bo, ngi kim tra phi dng my p lc kim tra nn, p lc l bao nhiu tu theo cht vi qui nh. Nu c hin tng phun nc, ng dn khng ng nhit qui nh, cha t yu cu phi dng my dn tng cng sa cha). * Yu cu i vi thnh phm may. Khi sn phm c hon thin, cng on kim tra thnh phm phi c thc hin k trong tng chi tit. Vic thc hin tt ni dung kim tra cng on ny gp phn m bo cht lng sn phm sn xut ra v c giao cho khch hng. Trnh hin tng lt cc sn phm khng tiu chun vn c xut i. Mi thnh phm cn c kim tra k ch tiu nh : v tr, kch thc, hnh dng, mu sc, ng may. Gi tr cn t c l ph hp vi mu paton, phi mu, hng dn tc

nghip, mu gc, thng k chi tit ca phng k thut v ti liu khch hng cung cp. Nhng thnh phm t yu cu cn phi p ng c nhng tiu chun sau: - ng ch diu: Ch diu khng c vnh, st, nhe ch, t ch, b mi, ng chng loi v mu sc, diu hai kim phi u. - Vi ngoi khng c loang mu, c li si. - Nhn: ng v tr, chc chn, ng chng loi, kch c. - ng chp: Phi u, khng b xp ly, b dm. - Ti: Thng, ming ci khng h, gc ming ti vung, kho ti phng sng. - C: Khng c dm, vn, bng, ng khp paton. - Gu: Khng c vn bng, diu gu khng u. - Kho ngc: ng v tr, kch thc. - Dy co, gu: Phi i chn cn thn. - Moi qun: ng may u, khng vnh, st, nhe ch, t ch, khng vn bng, khng h moi. - L: K, cn thn, khng c l bng, khng c l vo mt phi ca vi. - Tn cc: Chc chn, ng v tr, khng xoay bp, xui chiu. - nh cc: ng mu ch, ng chng loi ch, chng loi cc, khng lng chn cc. - Thn khuyt: ng kch thc, b khuyt u, khng b mi, khi chm khuyt khng c chm vo b. - Nt chn: ng mt phi, ng hng quay. - z: Nm ng v tr, ng chng loi, khng b mo khi tn, i hi cht chn, ng kch thc, c m nha hoc m vi. - Kim tra bng gai: May ng v tr qui nh, ng kch thc, mau tha chnh xc, khng c si ch, phi ng mu qui nh. Trong qu trnh kim tra cn o: i vi cc loi qun: Vng cp Vng mng Vng gu ai qun tnh theo ng dc Di ging Di ng trc Di ng sau i vi cc loi o: Di o sau Vng ngc Vng gu Ngang vai Di tay Rng nch dung sai: 1cm. dung sai: 1cm dung sai: 0,5cm. dung sai: 1cm. dung sai: 0,5cm. dung sai: 0,5cm. dung sai: 0,5cm. dung sai: 1cm. dung sai: 1cm. dung sai: 1cm. dung sai: 0,5cm. dung sai: 0,5cm. dung sai: 0,5cm.

Vng ca tay Kho ngc Rng c

dung sai; 0,5cm. dung sai: 0,5cm. dung sai: 0,5cm.

y l cc ch tiu c bn m cng ty t ra v buc cc cng nhn sn xut phi tun th nghim ngt. Ngoi ra, i vi tng m hng c th, nu khch hng yu cu thm mt s ch tiu khc khng nm trong h thng ch tiu ca cng ty th cc ch tiu ny phi c m t r rng trong bng dn tc nghip. i vi cn b kim tra sn phm phi l th bc 4 tr ln v c t nht 5 nm kinh nghim. Nhn chung, h thng ch tiu v sn phm ca cng ty so vi cht lng chung trn th trng p ng c yu cu ca khch hng. Trong nhng nm trc mt, vi s hin i ho ton b dy chuyn cng ngh, my mc tin tin cng ty s ch trng lp mt h thng ch tiu mi, cch qun l mi nhm khng ngng nng cao hn na cht lng sn phm. thy c thc trng cht lng sn phm mt cch c th t khi cng ty thit lp h thng ch tiu, ta s xem xt mt s chng loi sn phm ca cng ty trong thi gian va qua.

2.2.2. Thc trng cht lng mt s sn phm ca cng ty. Cht lng sn phm c quyt nh bi nhiu yu t kt hp nh: nguyn vt liu, my mc thit b, trnh tay ngh ca ngi cng nhn... T khi nn kinh t nc ta chuyn sang c ch th trng, ngun nguyn liu tr nn rt cn thit v i khi khng cn cung cp y cho cc doanh nghip hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. Mt khc, s ra i ngy cng nhiu ca cc cng ty trong cng ngnh cng dn ti s cnh tranh ngy cng mnh trong lnh vc may mc trong v ngoi nc. V vy, theo kp vi nhp pht trin ca nn kinh t th trng ng thi cng tng cng kh nng cnh tranh, cng ty khng ngng u t trang thit b hin i, sa cha v nng cp my mc thit b hin c, mua sm thm cc dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut tin tin ca cc nc, m rng danh mc mt hng cc sn phm mi, cng c th trng nguyn liu u vo cho sn xut bng cch k hp ng vi nhiu bn hng m bo cung cp y v ng chng loi nguyn vt liu theo yu cu sn xut. Bn cnh , cng ty cng lin tc i mi cc ch tiu v cht lng sao cho ph hp vi yu cu ca khch hng ng thi phng qun l h thng cht lng ca cng ty cn nghin cu, tm ti cc phng php lm gim nh mc tiu hao nguyn liu, tit kim chi ph nguyn vt liu trong gi thnh nng cao hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh. Ta hy xem xt mt s sn phm truyn thng ca cng ty nh sn phm o Jacket v o s mi. 2.2.2.1. Sn phm o Jacket.

o Jacket l loi sn phm ch yu ca cng ty, sn phm ny c sn xut t nhiu nm trc y v sn lng sn xut ra chim t trng ln trong tng sn lng sn phm ca cng ty vo khong trn 40%. Loi sn phm ny ngay t nhng nm u tin thu ht c khch hng trong v ngoi nc c bit l nc ngoi bi cht lng v gi c ca n. Cc sn phm ny lm ra hu nh khng c ph phm hoc ph phm khng vt qu mc cho php. C c thnh tch nh vy l bi trong thi gian qua cng ty rt c nhng kinh nghim t khi cha tch khi cng ty may Chin Thng v p dng vo trong sn xut dy chuyn mi, cht lng nguyn ph liu cng nh tay ngh cng nhn c nng cao r rt. Chnh v vy m phn xng sn xut o Jacket l phn xng u tin c lnh o cng ty chn p dng m hnh qun tr cht lng mi ISO 9002 v hin nay x nghip c chng nhn do BVQI cp. Cng tc qun tr cht lng ca cng ty ngy cng i vo n np, n nh, b phn k thut ca cng ty hu nh khng phi thc hin kim tra thng xuyn i vi sn phm ca phn xng ny bi sn phm sn xut ra t cht lng v yu cu ca khch hng. thy c hiu qu ca vic p dng ISO 9002 phn xng sn xut o Jacket ta xem t l ph phm ca mt hng ny qua vic so snh gia k hoch ra v thc t t c. Biu s 2.16: Bng theo di sn phm - ph phm - t l ph phm o Jacket t nm 2001- 2004. K hoch Nm 2001 2002 2003 2004 Thc t

Sn lng T l ph Sn lng T l ph Ph phm Ph phm (1000 sp) phm (%) (1000 sp) phm (%) 385.540 76 0.02 385.540 73 0.02 430.985 65 0.015 430.985 44 0.01 480.570 58 0.012 480.570 31 0.006 854.830 50 0.006 854.830 18 0.002

(Ngun s liu vn phng k thut cng ngh Cng ty c phn may L Trc) Qua bng rheo di trn, c th ni cht lng sn phm Jacket ca cng ty tng u qua cc nm nh vic p dng tiu chun ISO 9002 vo sn xut. Thc t cho thy t l ph phm gim i 0,015% so vi k hoch ra. Nm 2001 t l ph phm l 0,02% ng mc vi k hoch l do lc ny cng ty ch mi trin khai xy dng h thng qun l cht lng. Nhng bt u t nm 2002 cho n nm 2004, t l ph phm gim i r rt v vt k hoch ra nh vic p dng h thng qun l cht lng ISO 9002. Qua , ta thy rng hiu qu ca vic p dng qun tr theo cht lng ISO 9002 l rt tt v ph hp vi iu kin thc t ca cng ty, to tin cn bn cho vic xy dng v p dng b tiu chun mi nht ISO 9000:2000. 2.2.2.2. Sn phm o s mi.

Khi ni n cng ty c phn may L Trc th khng th khng ni n sn phm o s mi. y cng l mt hng xut khu ch yu ca cng ty vi u im l d sn xut, kiu dng a dng v gi c li phi chng nn ph hp vi nhu cu ca khch hng. Do vy m sn phm o s mi c tiu dng rng ri trn th trng v c phn ln ngi tiu dng a thch do cht lng sn phm ngy cng c nng cao. Ngun cung ng sn phm o s mi lun n nh qua cc nm, bn cnh cng ty vn lun t vn cht lng sn phm ln hng u lun gi c khch hng c v thu ht c nhiu khch hng mi. Vic m bo cht lng sn phm o s mi trong thi gian qua c th hin bng sau. Biu s 2.17: Bng theo di sn phm - chnh phm - ph phm - t l ph phm o s mi t nm 2001- 2004. Nm Sn lng (sp) Chnh phm Ph phm T l ph phm % 2001 304.645 304.557 88 0.03 2002 411.180 411.108 72 0.02 2003 565.780 565.732 48 0.008 2004 753.000 752.979 21 0.003 Qua bng theo di trn, c th thy cht lng sn phm o s mi tng u qua cc nm v t l ph phm ngy cng gim. Mt khc, mc tiu th o s mi tng mt cch nhanh chng, nm 2001 cng ty ch mi trin khai sn xut 304.645 (sp) nhng cho n nm 2004 sn lng o s mi tng n 753.000 (sp). y c coi l con s kh quan mang li doanh thu khng nh cho cng ty, to iu kin pht huy hn na vic sn xut kinh doanh ngy cng hon thin v cht lng, gia tng v s lng cc chng loi sn phm c bit l sn phm o Jacket v o s mi. Ngoi hai sn phm truyn thng ca cng ty l sn phm o Jacket v o s mi cng ty cn sn xut qun b, qun u, o vy cc loi khc... Tuy nhin, nhng mt hng ny khng phi l mt hng ch yu ca cng ty nn cht lng vn cha c ch nhiu i khi khng m bo theo yu cu. Do vy, cc nh qun tr trong cng ty nn quan tm hn na i vi nhng sn phm ny, phi lun lun kim tra v a ra cc phng php x l kp thi, ph hp bo m v nng cao cc ch tiu cht lng cho tt c cc chng loi sn phm ca cng ty. 2.2.3. Phn tch cng tc qun tr cht lng sn phm ca cng ty c phn may L Trc trong thi gian qua. Thc cht ca cng tc qun tr l qun tr con ngi, l yu t c bn ca lc lng sn xut. Trong h thng sn xut, con ngi lun gi v tr trung tm, c ngha quyt nh, ni cch khc nu khng c con ngi s khng c qu trnh sn xut.

Qun tr chnh l hot ng ch quan, c thc v c tnh nng ng ca con ngi, khi qui m sn xut cng ln, trnh sn xut cng phc tp th vai tr t chc qun l sn xut cng cao. N tr thnh nhn t quan trng tng nng sut lao ng v nng cao cht lng sn phm. Trong iu kin ngy nay, do i hi v cht lng sn phm ca th trng ngy cng cao, thit b khoa hc k thut phc v sn xut ngy cng hin i dn n nhng ngi tham gia cng tc qun tr cht lng phi c trnh hc vn cao, c kinh nghim v gii v k thut sn xut, hiu bit tng tn v my mc thit b hin i, i su st vi thc t sn xut. Ti cng ty c phn may L Trc, cng tc qun tr cht lng l cng tc tng hp. N lin quan n mi ngi, mi phng ban v cc cn b cng nhn vin ti cc phn xng sn xut. Nhng chu trch nhim cao nht trc Hi ng qun tr l Gim c cng ty v Gim c cng ty l ngi c Hi ng qun tr u quyn thay mt lnh o, iu khin mi hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty. Di y l cc mt qun tr cht lng sn phm ca cng ty trong thi gian va qua. 2.2.3.1. Qun tr cht lng nguyn vt liu. Hin nay, cng ty c mt mng li cung cp nguyn vt liu cho sn xut bo m giao ng thi hn, cht lng ng yu cu. Cng ty cng to mi quan h lu di vi bn cung ng vt t m bo qu trnh sn xut c din ra lin tc nh vi i Loan, Nht, Hn Quc, Thi Lan... v mt s ph liu khc nh ch may, ch thu th c nhp t cc nc Ty u, Hng Kng, Indonesia... m bo hng nhp ng yu cu cht lng, b phn kim tra cht lng sn phm v b phn nghin cu sn phm u kim tra qua cc bc phn tch nguyn liu. Bn cnh , cng ty cng c bin php kt hp vi cc nh cung ng nh sau: - Cng ty a ra cc yu cu, bn cung ng gi mu gii thiu sn phm v cc thng tin v c tnh sn phm km theo. - B phn k thut v KCS th mu trn sn phm, nhn xt v nh gi. - Phng kinh doanh xem xt gi c, phng thc mua bn, nhp v chn nh cung ng. Trong qu trnh giao hng, nu bn cung ng khng giao hng ng vi cht lng nguyn vt liu gi mu, cn b k thut c quyn khng cho php nhp l hng . Trong qu trnh bo qun, lu kho nguyn vt liu cng c kim tra thng xuyn trnh s xung cp v cht lng, s dng nhng vt dng, cch thc bo qun theo qui nh ng thi cng kim tra kho hng... m bo cht lng trc khi a vo sn xut. Trc khi a nguyn vt liu vo sn xut, cn b qun l cht lng kim tra ln cui cng m bo sn phm sn xut ra khng c s sai st g v khu nguyn vt liu. Nu thy nguyn vt liu khng cht lng cho sn xut, cn b kim tra c quyn khng cho php nhp nguyn vt liu vo sn xut.

2.2.3.2. Qun tr cht lng trong sn xut. Trong khi sn xut trn dy chuyn, cng ty cng thng xuyn kim tra, gim st nhm ngn chn sai hng ngay t u thng qua b phn KCS v cc cn b k thut. B phn KCS c b tr u cc phn xng bao gm mt cn b KCS vn phng cng ty kim tra chnh cn c hai cn b KCS lm vic mi phn xng. Ngoi ra, mi phn xng u c cn b k thut c bng k thut v kinh nghim t 5 nm tr ln trc tip gim st tin trnh sn xut may mu v hng dn cng nhn may trn dy chuyn. Tt c h u l nhng cn b c chuyn mn, nghip v cao, u c tinh thn trch nhim, thc hin tt cc nhim v v chc nng c giao. Nhng sng kin, tng mi ca b phn ny ng vai tr quan trng trong ci tin v nng cao cht lng sn phm. Trong qu trnh tc nghip, b phn KCS thng dng phng php trc quan v chn mu ngu nhin kim tra. thc hin tt cng tc cht lng sn phm cc n v sn xut th ngay t cng tc lm bn gic, ch mu, vit quy trnh k thut cho sn phm mi chun b a vo sn xut, i hi phng k thut phi lm chnh xc, thu tm y mi kin ng gp ca khch hng c th a ra c mt sn phm hon chnh nht, mt bn quy trnh tc nghip y nht b phn sn xut cn c vo tin hnh sn xut hng lot. Khi bn thnh phm v mu, quy trnh k thut c a vo sn xut th Ph gim c ph trch phn xng, t trng sn xut, b phn KCS v k thut ca phn xng phi ra cc bin php qun l cht lng hp l v khoa hc nht. Trc khi vo sn xut, m hng no cng phi ghp th paton mu xem xt cc b phn c khp vi nhau khng, t c th pht hin ra nhng sai st trong bn gic v iu chnh cho hp l. 2.2.3.3. Cng tc qun tr nhn lc. Trong nn kinh t th trng, ngun nhn lc l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng ca cc doanh nghip ngnh may mc ni chung v cng ty c phn may L Trc ni ring u b chi phi bi quy lut gi tr. Ngun nhn lc ca cng ty lun b bin ng do nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau nh ngh , ngh v l do sc kho... iu ny dn n mt vng lun qun l tay ngh cng nhn cha cao, lng thng xuyn thay i, cng vic khng n nh, khng c ch trng u t nng cao tay ngh... iu ny s lm cho cng ty kh c th thc hin c bt c mt k hoch no c th nng cao cht lng sn phm. Chnh v vy, lm c s cho cc hot ng ci tin cht lng, cng ty c ch i ng tho ng i vi cng nhn vin nh thng cho nhng ngi lao ng lm vic chm ch v c thc trch nhim vi cng vic hay thng cho nhng ngi lm vic t hiu qu cao trong sn xut. Cc ch ny c thc hin cng khai, r rng v c ghi thnh vn bn tho thun c th trong cc hp dng trong cng ty v ngi lao ng. ng thi cng ty cng t chc bi dng, o to nng cao tay ngh cho cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty nhm nng cao thc v thch ng vi iu kin lao ng mi, my mc thit b hin i... Bn cnh , cng ty thay i ch tr lng theo

sn phm v thc hin ch tr lng theo cht lng, theo hiu qu cng vic. Nu ngi cng nhn to ra sn phm cht lng km hay lm vic u, v trch nhim th s nhn lng thp ngc li nu ngi cng nhn lm vic chm ch, c thc hc hi v to ra sn phm cht lng cao s c nhn lng cao. Chnh iu ny to cho cng nhn phi t mnh tm hiu, hc hi ln nhau nng cao tay ngh nhm sn xut ra sn phm c cht lng tt hn ng thi m bo v iu kin vt cht cho bn thn ngi cng nhn. 2.2.3.4. Cng tc qun l v i mi cng ngh. y l bin php c cng ty s dng thng xuyn v rt c ch trng trong thi gian va qua phc v cho mc tiu hng u ca cng ty l m bo v nng cao cht lng sn phm. u t i mi cng ngh, cng ty tng bc u t mt cch c trng im do ngun vn cn hn hp. Ngay t khi mi thnh lp, cng ty u t gn 20 t ng cho vic mua sm cc trang thit b mi ng b c nhp khu trc tip ch yu t cc nc pht trin nh Nht, c. Ring nm 2004 va qua, cng ty u t b sung thm s my mc thit b hin c l 4,2 t ng trong c trang thit b chuyn dng t ti xng chuyn sn xut o Jacket t cc nc Nht, Tip Khc nhm tng bc n nh v pht trin sn xut, to c s lu di cho kh nng cnh tranh ca cng ty. Bn cnh , phng k thut, phng KCS cn kt hp cht ch vi b phn thi ua ca cng ty m cc cuc thi tng nng sut, hi tho nng cao cht lng, xut cc hnh thc khen thng i vi cng nhn c nng sut cao, to ra sn phm c cht lng cao v c pht, cnh co i vi cng nhn lm ra sn phm c cht lng km. C th ni, vic i mi cng ngh tc ng mnh m n cht lng sn phm ca cng ty, c th l; - Tng cht lng sn phm, gim t l ph phm. - a dng ho chng loi sn phm, mu m kiu dng. - M rng quy m sn xut v tiu th sn phm. 2.2.3.5. Cng tc kim tra cht lng sn phm. Cng tc kim tra cht lng sn phm c vai tr rt quan trng trong vic m bo v nng cao cht lng sn phm nht l trong iu kin hin nay ca cng ty: nguyn vt liu i khi khng c cung cp y cng mt thi gian nn thiu n nh, tay ngh ca mt b phn cng nhn sn xut trc tip cn non tr. Qua s b my t chc ca cng ty, ta thy cng tc kim tra cht lng sn phm c thc hin bi phng k thut v phng KCS. B phn KCS ca cng ty phi l nhng ngi c o to trng trung cp may v tri qua t nht 5 nm kinh nghim sn xut, cn li u l th bc cao v cc t trng sn xut chuyn sang. Hu ht i ng ch mu ca phng k thut u l th bc cao thng l bc 5. B phn lm mu cng u c trnh trung cp may. B phn vit quy trnh k

thut v dch ti liu k thut u l ngi c trnh i hc ngoi ng, kinh t, k thut v trung cp may va c trnh suy lun va c tay ngh cao lm vic. Nhim v t ra i vi mi cn b kim tra l khng v bt c l do no m b trng nhn vin ti cc cng on ca quy trnh cng ngh, cc n v kim tra cht lng sn phm. Ti mi cng on ca qa trnh sn xut, b phn k thut s ly mu kim tra. Khi tin hnh kim tra cht lng sn phm, nhn vin kim tra phi ghi chp li bng vn bn hoc vo cc phiu kim tra theo qui nh v da vo tp ti liu qun l cht lng ca cng ty. Khi pht hin sai hng, khuyt tt cc cn b ny phi lp tc bo ngay cho cc n v sn xut v lp bin bn kim tra ngay ti ch. i vi sn phm may ca cng ty vn p dng phng php trc quan v chn mu ngu nhin l ch yu. Vic kim tra ny c p dng i vi cc quy trnh khc nhau c th hin nh sau: Biu s 2.18: Quy trnh kim tra v ni dung yu cu ca cng tc kim tra cht lng sn phm. n v chu trch nhim kim tra Quy trnh sn xut Ni dung yu cu kim tra i tng kim tra, ni kim tra - 100% nguyn ph liu v ti kho cng ty hoc ni giao nhn theo yu cu ca khch hng. - Ti t ct ca phn xng. - 100% bn ct v cc chi tit bn thnh phm. - 100% b hng ng b. - Kim tra li t ct. - 100% cc ng may chi tit ca 50 sn phm u tin trn dy chuyn. - Kim tra xc sut v pht hin li sau khi thu ho ca phn xng may kim tra. - 100% thnh phm cui cng.

Phng phc v sn xut Nguyn vt liu - Mu sc. nhp ngoi - Kim tra li si. hoc mua v - Kh vi. sn xut. Thu ho cng on ct Ct - Tri vi. - chnh xc ca ct. - m bo ng b trc khi chuyn sang may. - Kim tra cc ng may. - Ch. - V sinh cng nghip. - Tnh ng b ca chi tit. - Kch thc. - Theo mu chun hoc theo TLH k thut cc phn xng.

B phn k thut May ca phn xng kim tra trc khi sn xut hng lot. Thu ho cng on ct.

Phng k thut kim tra cc sn phm a i ra cng ngoi cng ty. Thu ho mi ca cc phn xng ph tr

Thu, in, p, cc sn phm a i gia cng.

- Theo mu hoc theo TLH ca t k thut cc phn xng may. - Theo TLH ca phng k thut i vi sn phm mu. - Theo mu hoc theo TLH ca t k thut cc phn xng. - Theo TLH ca phng k thut i vi sn phm mu. - Kim tra l thnh phm. - V sinh cng nghip ca thnh phm. - Kim tra kch thc ng may, ch. - Kim tra v mu sc, m hng, s lng sn phm trong 1 thng. - S lng thng v a ch giao hng. - ai np v gin bng dnh.

- Kim tra 100% thu, in, p. - Kim tra li t thu, in, p hoc ti ni gia cng. - 100% sn phm mi. - Kim tra ti phn xng ty, mi. - Kim tra xc sut pht hin sau khi thu ho ca phn xng ph tr kim tra hoc sau khi ch to. - 100% thnh phm sau l. - Kim tra li t l. - Kim tra xc sut thnh phm sau khi thu ho ca cc phn xng kim tra 100% hoc sau khi ti ch. - Kim tra 100% hm ti t l. - Kim tra xc sut pht hin li sau khi thu ho ca cc x nghip may kim tra 100% s hm hoc sau khi ti ch. - Kim tra ti t l hoc ni ng hm ca cc phn xng. - Kim tra ti kho thnh phm hoc ti ni ng hm ca cc phn xng.

Thu ho cng on L l ca cc phn xng. Phng k thut kim tra cht lng sn phm. Thu ho cng on ng gi, l ca cc phn ng hm. xng. Kim tra cht lng sn phm.

Hi ng kim tra Phc tra cht cht lng ca lng sn phm cng ty. nhp kho.

cho vic kim tra nh gi ng tnh hnh cht lng sn phm ca cng ty, phng k thut cng ngh phi hp vi phng xut nhp khu m bo nguyn vt liu u vo cho quy trnh sn xut. Vi cc phng ban khc, tu theo tnh hnh c th m c yu cu phi hp trong vic m bo v nng cao cht lng sn phm. Cng ty thc hin nguyn tc 3 kim tra: cng nhn t kim tra, t kim tra, cn b KCS v cn b k thut kim tra. Cng tc qun tr nhn lc dn dn i vo n

np. Phng k thut di s ch o trc tip ca gim c thc hin tt nhim v ca mnh: thng xuyn theo di v bm st tnh hnh p dng cht lng sn phm ti cc phn xng. Kim tra cht lng sn phm ch l khu cui cng ca qu trnh sn xut. Nu pht hin ra sn phm cui cng b hng th nh hng rt ln n ti chnh ca cng ty. Do vy, cng ty xy dng k hoch kim tra pht hin sai xt ngay t u ca qu trnh sn xut, quyt nh v theo di nghim ngt cht lng nguyn vt liu u vo, thng xuyn theo di tin hnh sn xut sn phm v kim tra k lng thnh phm.
2.3. Qu trnh xy dng v thc hin h thng qun tr cht lng ti cng ty c phn may L Trc.

2.3.1. Hnh trnh n vi ISO 9000 ca cng ty c phn may L Trc. Trong nhng nm va qua, cng ty c phn may L Trc lun nghim tc thc hin qui nh ca Nh nc v cng ttc qun l cht lng chp hnh nghim chnh vic ng k cht lng hng ho vi c quan qun l cht lng. Cc loi sn phm do cng ty sn xut, c bit l chng loi sn phm mi u c lm th tc ng k vi chi cc tiu chun - o lng - cht lng H Ni. Trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh, cng ty lun m bo cht lng ng k. Thanh tra B cng nghip nh, Chi cc tiu chun - o lng - cht lng H Ni lun nh gi cng ty l n v thc hin tt cng tc ny. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh thc hin v qun l theo h thng vn bn ni b ca cng ty vn cn nhiu tn ti v cha ph hp vi yu cu ca th trng mi. Hn na, cng ty nhn thc c tm quan trng ca cht lng trong thi k hin nay l v kh cnh tranh s mt nn lnh o cng ty quyt tm xy dng cho cng ty mnh mt h thng qun l cht lng nhm tng cng kh nng kim sot cht lng v hn ch ti a s khiu ni ca khch hng v cht lng sn phm. Mt khc, do sn phm ca cng ty ch yu l xut khu, khch hng phn ln l nc ngoi nh : Nht, Hn Quc, c... nn vic p dng h thng cht lng y cn mang tnh cht i ngoi, m bo tuyt i cc yu cu theo n t hng ca khch hng. Qua tho lun nh gi, cng ty quyt nh p dng tiu chun ISO 9000 vo cng ty. Lnh o cng ty nhn thc rng: - p dng ISO 9000 s em li cho doanh nghip mt phng php qun l cht lng mang tnh h thng vi cc c im sau: + Hng vo qu trnh. + Hng vo phng nga. + Kim sot cc hot ng khc phc, phng nga. - p dng ISO 9000 s m bo cc nguyn tc sau:

+ nh hng bi khch hng: Ngha l sn xut sn phm g, yu cu v cht lng n u... u phi c xy dng mt cch c th v y xut pht t yu cu ca khch hng. + S lnh o: Lnh o va l ngi ng u mt t chc trong doanh nghip va l ngi a ra v quyt nh cc mc tiu trc mt, lu di. Lnh o phi bo m c s nht tr cao t mi cp trong doanh nghip th s thu c kt qu cao nht v tt nht. + S tham gia ca mi ngi: H thng m bo cht lng theo ISO 9000 thnh cng c hay khng khng ch ph thuc vo s nhit tnh ca i ng cn b, vo cc iu kin thun li ch quan v khch quan m n cn ph thuc rt nhiu vo ngun nhn lc t mi gc tham gia vo vn hnh h thng ny. + Tnh h thng: Phng php qun l h thng l cch huy ng, phi hp tt c cc ngun lc thc hin mc tiu chung ca doanh nghip. Bng phng php ny m doanh nghip tm ra mi lin quan gia cc qu trnh v c th phi hp hi ho gia chng mang li hiu qu trong qun l, sn xut v kinh doanh. + Ci tin lin tc: Bng phng php ny, doanh nghip lun c s ch ng iu chnh, ci tin h thng vn bn, ci tin phng php lm vic thch nghi vi iu kin c th. + a ra cc quyt nh da trn s kin c th: Nh cc quyt nh c xy dng trn cc thng tin, s vic khch quan m hiu qu ca cc quyt nh em li rt cao v mang tnh thuyt phc r rng. + Pht trin cc mi quan h: Mun h thng vn hnh thun li v tri chy th phi xy dng cc mi quan h (c bn trong v bn ngoi doanh nghip) c bn v chc chn. Nh cc mi quan h gn b v ph hp ny m kh nng thu nhn v x l thng tin lin quan n h thng mt cch nhanh chng v chnh xc. Cn c vo cc yu cu ca tiu chun chng nhn v phm vi p dng: + TCVN ISO 9001: 1994: H thng cht lng - m hnh m bo cht lng trong thit k, trin khai sn xut, lp t v dch v k thut. + TCVN ISO 9002: 1994: H thng cht lng - m hnh m bo cht lng trong sn xut, lp t v dch v k thut. + TCVN ISO 9003: 1994: H thng cht lng m hnh m bo cht lng trong kim tra v th nghim cui cng. Sau khi xem xt, cn nhc lnh o cng ty quyt nh xy dng v p dng h thng qun l cht lng theo tiu chun quc t ISO 9002 bi m hnh ny ph hp vi thc t ca cng ty v lp k hoch trin khai xy dng bt u t thng 2 nm 2001. Ban lnh o cng ty ch trng p dng u tin cho phn xng sn xut o Jacket v sau ny s nhn rng m hnh cho cc phn xng cn li. S la chn ny l c c s v mt hng o Jacket l mt hng truyn thng v tham gia cnh tranh ch yu ca cng ty v phn xng sn xut mt hng ny c iu kin trin khai ISO 9002 t hiu qu cao nht. 2.3.2. Nhng ni dung chnh ca qu trnh xy dng v trin khai h thng qun tr cht lng. * Qu trnh trin khai:

 c th thc hin thnh cng d n ISO, cng ty trin khai cc hot ng chnh sau: - Chun b ti liu, kin thc v o to. Thu ti liu, thng tin v ISO. Gi cn b i d cc kho o to v ISO 9000. M lp o to nhn thc v ISO 9000. - Kho st thc trng, xy dng v trin khai chng trnh. Phn tch thc trng qun l cht lng ca cng ty ph hp vi cc yu cu ca tiu chun ISO 9002 tm ra nhng im cn xem xt trong qu trnh son tho vn bn. Xy dng k hoch thc hin cng tc son tho vn bn cho tng n v v cc thnh vin tham gia . T chc hi tho rt kinh nghim v trin khai thc hin. - T chc p dng, vn hnh h thng. - Ci tin h thng, nh gi hiu qu qua cc ln xem xt tnh hnh sn xut kinh doanh. 2.3.3. Tnh hnh thc hin. to nn mng v c s thc hin vic p dng m hnh qun l mi, ngay t nm 2001 lnh o cng ty cp ti nhiu h thng qun l cht lng mi, vai tr v tc dng ca n khi p dng v s cn thit phi p dng vo cng ty. Vn ny c nu ra nhiu hi ngh, cuc hp vi s c mt ca nhiu thnh phn, i tng tham gia. c s quan tm ca cc cp lnh o, c s khuyn khch v gip ca cc i tc quen thuc c bit l cng ty may Chin Thng, cng ty bt u thc hin chin lc trong vic i mi cng tc qun l a doanh nghip i ln ngang tm vi cc nc trong khu vc v lnh o ca cng ty quyt nh trin khai thc hin ngay t u cho phn xng sn xut o Jacket t thng 2 nm 2001. 2.3.4. Nhng ni dung chnh thc hin. Cn c vo mc tiu nh, c s gip v t vn ca c quan qun l v ch tr ti, cng ty c phn may L Trc xy dng cng chnh thc c ph duyt. n vi m hnh qun tr cht lng mi, cng ty thu thp cc ti liu lin quan n b tiu chun; + Gii thiu chung v qun tr cht lng theo ISO 9000. + Cm nang v ISO 9000. + Hng dn xy dng h thng vn bn. + Ti liu o to: nh gi cht lng ni b. + nh gi h thng cht lng. + Din n cht lng v ISO. + Cc tiu chun Vit Nam v ISO. + Qun l cht lng ton din. + Danh mc tiu chun Vit Nam.

+ B tiu chun v qun l v m bo cht lng. tip cn vi phng thc cht lng khoa hc v tin tin. Cn c vo tnh hnh thc t sn xut v kinh doanh, cng ty quyt nh la chn m hnh qun l cht lng theo tiu chun quc t ISO 9002 v p dng u tin cho phn xng sn xut o Jacket. Cng ty o to nhn thc chung v ISO 9000 cho cn b ch cht v cn b k thut vo ngy 25/6/2001. - o to nhn thc chung v ISO 9000 cho ton th cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty vo ngy 29/6/2001. - T chc kho hc chuyn gia nh gi ni b theo tiu chun ISO 9000 do cn b ca trung tm BVQI ging cho mt s cn b trong cng ty t ngy 2 n 4/5/2001. Cng ty t chc cc bui hc cho cn b cng nhn vin xy dng v trin khai p dng nh: - Trin khai p dng h thng vn bn i vi cn b cng nhn vin t t trng sn xut tr ln cho ton cng ty t ngy 28/5/2001. - Ngoi ra, cng ty c hai cn b i hc lp chuyn gia nh gi ni b theo tiu chun ISO 9000 do trung tm nng sut thuc Tng cc tiu chun - o lng - cht lng t chc t ngy 18 n 20/5/2001. Cng ty xy dng k hoch trin khai thc hin trn c s cng c ph duyt. Hi ng qun tr ca cng ty quyt nh b nhim i din lnh o v cht lng. i din lnh o v cht lng c trch nhim v quyn hn nh sau: + C trch nhim trong vic xy dng, p dng v duy tr h thng cht lng theo tiu chun ISO 9002: 1994. + Tng hp v bo co mi vn c lin quan n h thng cht lng vi gim c xem xt. + i din cho cng ty lin h vi cc t chc bn ngoi v cc vn lin quan n h thng cht lng. + iu phi hot ng ca h thng cht lng. Hi ng qun tr quyt nh thnh lp Ban ch o ISO bao gm cc ng ch trong Ban gim c v cc trng n v cng ty xy dng v ban hnh quy ch t chc thc hin h thng qun l cht lng. * o to xy dng h thng vn bn. Cn b t vn ca Chi cc tiu chun - o lng - cht lng H Ni v Trung tm chng nhn ph hp tiu chun BVQI o to cch thc xy dng vn bn cho cc thnh vin c ban ch o phn cng nhim v. Trong 9 ngy hc vi hn 100 lt ngi tham d, cc thnh vin nm bt c cc yu cu c bn xy dng h thng (T ngy 9 n ngy 19/10/2001). Hng tun t thng 6 n thng 12/2001 lnh o cng ty hp vi cc thnh vin c phn cng vit ti liu tham lun, ng gp cc kin v thng qua cc iu trong h thng vn bn. * H thng vn bn. H thng vn bn ca cng ty bao gm ba tng ti liu h thng vn bn th hin ton b c cu t chc, trch nhim, cc qu trnh v ngun lc cn thit thc hin h thng qun l cht lng.

Biu s 2.19: Cu trc h thng QTCL ca cng ty. Tng 1: S tay cht lng. Tng 2: Cc qui trnh. Tng 3: Cc hng dn, biu mu. - Tng 1: S tay cht lng: xc nh chnh sch cht lng, cc yu t ca h thng cht lng, c cu t chc ca h thng cht lng, phn cng trch nhim, quyn hn ca lnh o v vic dn ti cc quy trnh vn bn. - Tng 2: Gm cc quy trnh, m t cc bin php qun l cht lng, nhng hot ng lin quan n cc yu t thuc h thng QLCL theo tiu chun ISO 9002 c thc hin ti phn xng may o Jacket ca cng ty. - Tng 3: Cc hng dn cng vic, cc biu mu, bn v, s , ti liu ny c tnh cht c th ho cc ti liu tng 2. - Tng 1: S tay cht lng. + Mc ch: a ra cam kt ca lnh o cng ty v cht lng sn phm p ng yu cu mong mun ca khch hng qua to s tho mn cho khch hng i vi sn phm ca cng ty. Xc nh cc b phn trong cng ty trc thuc h thng cht lng. Xc nh nhim v, quyn hn ca lnh o v trng cc n v trong cng ty. a ra chnh sch chung i vi cc yu t ca h thng cht lng. + Ni dung s tay cht lng bao gm: Gii thiu v cng ty. Gii thiu h thng vn bn. S t chc ca cng ty. Ni dung chnh sch cht lng. Trch nhim v quyn hn ca lnh o. Cc chnh sch chung theo 17 iu ca ISO 9002. + Gii thiu v chnh sch cht lng ca cng ty: Gim c cng ty l ngi ra chnh sch cht lng. Chnh sch cht lng ca cng ty c phn may L Trc l cung cp cc sn phm tt nht thng qua vic lin tc ci tin v i mi nhm khng ngng nng cao s tho mn nhu cu ca khch hng v cc bn lin quan.

Vic to ra cc sn phm cht lng tt tho mn nhu cu ca khch hng l trch nhim ca mi cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty. + Cam kt ca lnh o: Chng ti cam kt lun lun cung cp cc sn phm hon ton p ng c cc yu cu ca khch hng, t cht lng ca hng ho ln hng u. t c cht lng trong cng vic, chng ti cam kt trn nhng nguyn tc sau: Trong cng vic lun quan h cht ch vi khch hng m bo sn phm p ng c yu cu ca khch hng. p dng, duy tr v ci tin h thng qun l cht lng c kh nng v hiu qu trong cng vic. H thng ny c lp k hoch v pht trin bi s hp tc ca tt c mi ngi da trn c s ca tiu chun ISO 9001: 1994 H thng qun l cht lng trong cng ty. C cc ngun lc cn thit nh ngun nhn lc c s h tng v mi trng lm vic thun li p ng cc yu cu t ra. To mi c hi o to v bi dng kin thc cho ton th cn b cng nhn vin h khng ngng ci tin cng vic ca mnh. - Tng 2: Cc quy trnh ca h thng. + H thng cht lng: Cng ty lp quy trnh nhm thit lp mt h thng thng nht cho vic lp v ph duyt k hoch cht lng cho cc sn phm mi, sn phm theo n t hng. + Xem xt hp ng: Quy trnh qui nh cc hnh thc xem xt trc khi k kt hp ng tiu th cc sn phm ca cng ty nhm hiu r cc yu cu ca khch hng v xem xt iu kin p ng ca cng ty. + Kim sot ti liu, d liu: Qui nh mt phng php thng nht v nht qun trong vic son tho v kim sot cc ti liu, d liu thuc h thng cht lng. + Mua sn phm: Quy trnh cung cp phng php thng nht cho vic qun l cc nh thu ph v qu trnh mua nguyn vt liu, chi tit bn thnh phm, ph tng thay th nhm tho mn yu cu sn xut ca cng ty. + Nhn bit ngun gc sn phm v trng thi kim tra, th nghim: Cung cp mt h thng thng nht v nht qun cho vic nhn bit v xc nh ngun gc sn phm, t nguyn vt liu n khi giao nhn sn phm, phn bit cc trng thi kim tra ca sn phm vi mc ch: Kim sot qu trnh: Quy trnh cung cp mt h thng ng b v nht qun m bo cc qu trnh sn xut c tin hnh c k hoch trong iu kin c kim sot. Kim tra v th nghim: Quy trnh qui nh h thng hot ng kim tra v th nghim xc nhn mi yu cu v cht lng i vi nguyn vt liu, bn thnh phm v sn phm c p ng. Kim sot thit b kim tra o lng v th nghim. Kim sot sn phm khng ph hp. + Hnh ng khc phc v phng nga. + Xp d, lu kho, bao gi, bo qun v giao hng.

+ Kim sot h s cht lng. + Xem xt nh gi cht lng ni b. + o to. + Dch v k thut. + K thut thng k. - Tng 3: Gm cc hng dn cng vic, cc biu mu, ph lc, bn v k thut... ch ra cch thc tin hnh cng vic hoc hot ng c th, i tng s dng l ngi trc tip tin hnh cng vic c th nh sau: + Quy trnh xem xt ca lnh o gm: 03 Biu mu t BM.01.01 n BM.01.03 01 Ph lc PL.01.01 + Quy trnh h thng cht lng gm: 04 Biu mu t BM.02.01 n BM.02.04 01 Ph lc PL.02.01 + Quy trnh kim sot ti liu, d liu gm; 09 Biu mu t BM.05.01 n BM.05.09 03 Ph lc t PL.05.01 n PL.05.03 + Quy trnh mua sn phm gm: 05 Biu mu t BM.06.01 n BM.06.05 + Quy trnh kim sot qu trnh gm: 07 Biu mu t BM.09.01 n BM.09.07 08 Ph lc t PL.09.01 n PL.09.08 + Quy trnh kim tra v th nghim gm: 06 Biu mu t BM.10.01.01 n BM.10.02.04 04 Ph lc t PL.10.01 n PL.10.04 - Qu trnh trin khai, p dng h thng vn bn vo thc t: Hng tun Ban thng trc ISO t chc kim tra, nh gi cc n v thc hin cng tc trin khai p dng h thng vn bn vo thc t. Sau khi kim tra, Ban thng trc ISO tng hp cc nhn xt nh gi gi cc n v khc phc cc im lu nhm khng ngng nng cao hiu qu v hon thin h thng vn bn. Qu trnh trin khai p dng h thng vn bn vo thc t, cng ty hai ln mi chuyn gia BVQI tin hnh nh gi s b. Ngy 2 - 6/11/2001 chuyn gia ca BVQI tin hnh nh gi s b ln 1 vi tng s 40 im lu . Ngy 4 - 5/12/2001 chuyn gia ca BVQI tin hnh nh gi s b ln 2 vi tng s 15 im lu . T ngy 20 - 22/12/2001 cng ty tin hnh nh gi ni b nhm kim tra tnh hiu qu, s ph hp ca h thng vn bn, tm ra cc im cha ph hp cng ty b sung hon thin h thng, pht huy ht hiu qu ca m hnh qun l cht lng. Sau khi p dng ISO 9002 th nng sut ca phn xng sn xut o Jacket tng ln ng k. o Jacket l mt hng chnh ca cng ty v l mt hng cao cp nn cc

chi ph v nguyn ph liu v chi ph lm li l rt ln nhng sau khi p dng ISO 9002 th t l ph phm gim i r rt iu ny lm cho chi ph gim i. Ngy 1/1/2002 chuyn gia ca BVQI tin hnh nh gi chnh thc v cp chng ch ISO 9002 cho cng ty. y l c s cng ty c phn may L Trc khng nh c v tr sn phm ca mnh i vi khch hng trong nc v quc t. Vic p dng ISO 9002 s gip doanh nghip c mt nn tng trong qu trnh qun l v ci tin cht lng sn phm v dch v, to dng nim tin cho khch hng v cc thnh vin trong n v ng thi chng ch ISO 9002 l giy thng hnh cho cc doanh nghip Vit Nam thm nhp vo th trng th gii, y chnh l bc m quan trng cng ty tin hnh p dng h thng qun l cht lng ny i vi tt c cc phn xng cn li v ph hp vi xu th hin ti y cng l tin cng ty tin hnh i mi l xy dng v p dng b tiu chun mi nht ISO 9000: 2000 ngay khi b tiu chun ISO 9000: 1994 ht hiu lc. 2.3.5. Nhng kh khn khi p dng ISO 9002. Cng ty c phn may L Trc c quy m sn xut tng i ln, lc lng lao ng hu ht cn non tr v trnh v kinh nghim nn tay ngh, kin thc cha cao do vy vic xy dng p dng h thng tiu chun ISO 9002 ngay t nm 2001 trong cng ty vn cn nhiu b ng v khng trnh khi thiu st khi tin hnh p dng vo qu trnh sn xut, cha p ng c ht cc iu kin ca tiu chun cho nn y c coi l mt tr ngi i vi cng ty. Hn na, h thng vn bn, th tc c Ban lnh o xy dng y nhng v bn cht vn cn nng v hnh thc, vic p dng ngay vo thc t cn cha cao, cha t yu cu ra. Trong thc t, cng ty vn gp nhiu kh khn v ti chnh trong vic p dng ISO 9002 cng nh trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca mnh. Mt khc, qu trnh thc hin ISO i hi phi c thi gian di, vic thc hin theo cc yu cu vit ra trong vn bn khng ch tn km v vt cht m cn tn nhiu cng sc ca c Ban lnh o v ton th cng nhn vin trong cng ty. Cng ty cha thng xuyn, su rng t chc cc lp o to v ISO 9000, s cp nht cn thp, cn qu nhiu quan im nghi ng v hiu qu ca vic p dng. V cng vic ny mang li hiu qu trong di hn nu ch nhn nhn di gc hp xem xt v trc mt h s khng thy c hiu qu to ln ca vic p dng h thng qun l cht lng ny.
2.4. nh gi chung v cht lng sn phm v cng tc qun tr cht lng cng ty c phn may L Trc.

Trn c s tm hiu su st v cng ty, phn tch thc trng cht lng sn phm kt hp vi s liu v qu trnh hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty trong nhng nm gn y ta thy c mt s im ni bt l mc d cng ty c phn may L Trc tch ra khi cng ty may Chin Thng thnh lp ring cha lu song tng bc khng nh c v tr ca mnh trn th trng. c c thnh cng nh vy khng th khng ni n s n lc c gng ca Ban lnh o v ton th cn

b cng nhn vin trong cng ty. Qua thi gian nghin cu, nh gi tnh hnh v thc trng cht lng sn phm ca cng ty ta thy c mt s u nhc im nh sau: 2.4.1. V u im. 2.4.1.1. Cht lng sn phm. * V thit b cng ngh. Cng ty mnh dn u t mt lng vn ln mua sm my mc thit b cng ngh hin i nhm phc v cho vic nng cao cht lng sn phm, to c uy tn ln trn th trng. Khng ch c vy, cng ty cn ch trng u t vo nguyn ph liu sn xut v khng ngng i mi cch thc t chc qun l, t chc sn xut v t chc lao ng sao cho ph hp nht. Trn c s tim lc hin c, Ban lnh o cng ty lun ra nhng sng kin, pht minh ch to nhng mu dng trong dy chuyn cng ngh t phc v cho mc tiu a dng ho sn phm, nng cao cht lng sn phm v tng nng sut lao ng. Chnh v vy, cc sn phm ca cng ty ngy cng c m bo v nng cao c v s lng ln cht lng ng thi tng c th phn ngi tiu dng. * V trnh tay ngh ca cng nhn. Lc lng lao ng trong cng ty ch yu l n nn rt ph hp vi yu cu cng vic i hi s kho lo v chu kh lm vic. Trong nhng nm gn y, cng ty thng xuyn t chc cc cuc thi th gii v lun to iu kin cho i ng cng nhn tham gia cc kho hc o to tay ngh ngn v di hn do vy trnh tay ngh ca cng nhn trong cng ty c nng cao ng k. Mt khc, thc trch nhim ca tng cng nhn vi phn vic ca h cng c nng cao v c phn nh r rng, gn lin vi n l ch thng, pht nghim minh v cht lng. thng, pht c cng bng cc cn b KCS s i chiu danh sch xc nh ai s c thng hoc pht, mc thng hoc pht l bao nhiu sau s tnh vo tin lng hng thng ca cng nhn vin. Thng qua c ch ny nhc nh cng nhn sn xut tun th cc nguyn tc trong cng ty cng nh cc yu cu k thut, tp trung sn xut m bo cht lng sn phm lm ra. * Xy dng h thng ch tiu. Sn phm ca cng ty rt phong ph v a dng v chng loi, mu m nn chng c nhng m hng ring. Cho nn khng th thng nht trong mt h thng ch tiu chung cho tt c cc sn phm may. Chnh v vy, cng ty rt linh ng ra cc ch tiu c th i vi nguyn vt liu u vo, bn thnh phm v sn phm cui cng. Cc ch tiu ny c cng ty ra cn c vo tiu chun chung ca ngnh v ch yu da vo cc yu cu k thut ca cc n v t hng. Nu khch

hng yu cu sa i th phng k thut s c nhim v thit k li mu cho l hng v cng vic ny c thc hin kh u n trong thi gian qua. 2.4.1.2. V cng tc qun l cht lng. * V cng tc qun l nguyn vt liu. Cng ty thit lp c mt mng li cung cp nguyn vt liu n nh v lu di m bo cho qu trnh sn xut c din ra lin tc, khng b gin on. Nh ngun nguyn liu c cht lng cao nn sn phm sn xut ra lun t c cht lng ra, p ng c mi yu cu ca khch hng trong v ngoi nc. * V cng tc o to lao ng v i mi cng ngh. Do cng ty xc nh c ngay t u tm quan trng ca cht lng sn phm v cng tc qun tr, nng cao cht lng sn phm trong nn kinh t cnh tranh hin nay cho nn cng ty giao tng nhim v c th cho cc phng ban c lin quan da trn cht lng v trnh qun tr my mc thit b hin c v s ph hp vi tay ngh cng nhn. V vy m cng ty lun hon thnh mc tiu ra. Tuy nhin, do cn tn ti cc vn v trnh ca mt b phn khng nh cng nhn tay ngh cn non tr nhiu khi cha p ng c nh mong mun v vy cng ty lun cao v to mi iu kin cho ngi lao ng tham gia cc kho hc o to nng cao, bi dng tay ngh. Bn cnh , lnh o cng ty cng nhn thc c rng vic nng cao cht lng sn phm khng ch da ch yu vo trnh tay ngh ca cng nhn m cn ph thuc rt nhiu vo vic i mi, thay th my mc thit b ph hp vi yu cu ngy cng cao ca sn phm lm ra. * V cng tc kim tra cht lng sn phm. Cng ty nh gi cng tc kim tra l mt yu cu ht sc quan trng trong qun tr cht lng nht l trong giai on hin nay. Do , cng ty rt ch v tng cng cng tc kim tra cht lng sn phm trong tng qu trnh c th. Khu kim tra c cng ty coi l khu quyt nh n cht lng sn phm nn cng ty tin hnh kim tra cht ch ton b qu trnh, t vic kim tra cht lng nguyn ph liu u vo, cht lng bn thnh phm n cht lng sn phm cui cng. Do vic kim tra c tin hnh thng xuyn v cht ch nn cht lng sn phm ca cng ty lun c nng cao cng vi n l t l ph phm ngy cng gim. Do c im sn xut v yu cu ca khch hng nn cng ty ch yu kim tra cht lng sn phm bng phng php trc quan v phng php chn mu ngu nhin. Bn cnh , b phn KCS cng vi phng k thut ca cng ty tin hnh xy dng mt h thng ch tiu nh gi cht lng sn phm gip cng nhn c th t nh gi c ngay cht lng sn phm do mnh to ra. Khi c s chuyn i mt hng th nhn vin KCS u c tp hun nng cao trnh nghip v v lp ra

cc ch thng, pht r rng nhm tng cng hn na cng tc kim tra cht lng sn phm. * V m hnh qun l theo tiu chun ISO 9002. Ban lnh o cng ty c phn may L Trc c s chuyn bin mnh m trong nhn thc v vai tr ca cng tc qun tr cht lng sn phm trong c ch th trng hin nay. Chnh v vy, cng tc qun tr cht lng c Ban gim c v Ban lnh o cng ty rt quan tm, thng xuyn hp chuyn v cht lng v lun ng vin, khuyn khch cc thnh vin trong cng ty khng ngng nng cao cht lng sn phm. Cho nn c th ni s quan tm, ch o xuyn sut v tn tnh ca Ban gim c v Ban lnh o cng ty l mt nhn t quan trng gip cho cng tc qun tr cht lng sn phm ca cng ty hot ng ngy cng tch cc v c hiu qu hn. Chnh v cng ty nhn thc c vai tr, tm quan trng ca vic p dng h thng cht lng theo tiu chun ISO 9002 nn p dng thnh cng ISO 9002 cho phn xng sn xut o Jacket. y l nhn thc c ngha rt quan trng th hin s linh hot, nhy bn ca cng ty bi hin nay c rt nhiu doanh nghip Vit Nam vn cha nhn thc r c u im ca m hnh qun l mi v li th cnh tranh v cht lng do m hnh mi mang li. S thay i trong cung cch qun l mi em n nhng hiu qu ng khch l sau: - Sn phm sai hng phi sa cha li gim. - Nng sut lao ng ca ngi cng nhn tng ln v m bo cng nhn c vic lm n nh, thu nhp bnh qun tng u qua cc nm. - Gim c thi gian v chi ph kim tra cui cng. - m bo ng tin giao hng. - Cht lng sn phm c nng cao. - Cng ty ngy cng chim c lng tin v s tn nhim ca khch hng th hin qua nhiu n t hng cao cp c gi tr ln ca cc nc Php, c, Canada, Khi Bc u. 2.4.2. V nhc im. 2.4.2.1. V cht lng sn phm. Cht lng nguyn ph liu u vo tuy c kim tra kh cht ch nhng vn khng trnh khi nhng sai st v vn cn lt nhng nguyn ph liu khng m bo theo yu cu, do vy cht lng nguyn ph liu khng ng b gy nn nhng thit hi tng i ln trong qu trnh sn xut. Mt khc, cng ty tp trung qu nhiu vo vic kim tra cht lng sn phm. Cng ty cho rng mun c cht lng cao th phi tng cng kim tra cht lng do

vy m ngi ta coi trng vic kim tra. Thc cht cho thy, cng ty cng ng nht qun l cht lng vi kim tra cht lng sn phm, m bo cht lng theo tiu chun thng qua kim tra nhng nu ch nhn mnh kim tra cht lng sn phm th cha , ch l bin php khc phc ch khng phi l phng nga. Cht lng sn phm mc d l mc tiu cn t n ca cng ty nhng t c iu ny m ch dng li kim tra cht lng sn phm th khng c hiu qu m n phi c tri qua mt qu trnh gm nhiu khu trong mi khu u tc ng n cht lng sn phm. V vy, kim tra cht lng sn phm l kim tra nhng g xy ra ri, n khng c tc dng phng nga v ci tin cht lng. Chnh v qu tp trung vo cng tc kim tra nn lm tng thm chi ph cho vic sa cha v khc phc hn na cn lm mt rt nhiu thi gian. Cng ty cha nhn thc ng n mi quan h gia chi ph v cht lng, cha tnh ton v qun l c chi ph cho cht lng. Cng ty cho rng mun m bo v nng cao cht lng th nn tng chi ph nh chi ph u t i mi cng ngh, chi ph tng cng cng tc kim tra m cha thy c rng c th nng cao cht lng m khng nht thit phi tng nhiu chi ph bng cch lm tt cng tc qun tr cht lng, ch trng hn cc bin php phng nga. Cng ty cng cha tnh ton v phn chia c th chi ph cht lng vi cc chi ph cho sn xut khc m c tnh gp chung vo chi ph sn xut do vy m cha c bin php iu chnh hp l. 2.4.2.2. V cng tc qun l cht lng. Nhng kin thc v qun tr cht lng cha c cng ty ch trng mt cch ng mc, mt khc cng ty cng c k hoch o to chuyn su trnh , k nng cho cng nhn nhng vic thc hin vn cn hn ch do nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau: cha b tr c thi gian, cng nhn phi tng nng sut lm vic kp tin giao hng cho khch... nn mt s cng nhn vn cha p ng c yu cu ca dy chuyn sn xut hin i v phng php lm vic mi. Mt b phn khng nh cng nhn vin vn cn m h v tiu chun ISO 9002 t khi cng ty trin khai p dng v h cha hiu r c ngha v vai tr thit thc m ISO 9002 mang li l do cng ty vn cha c iu kin ph bin su rng v thng xuyn cho cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty. V vy, nh hng rt ln n qu trnh qun tr cht lng ti cng ty v lc lng ny l trc tip tham gia tin hnh sn xut kinh doanh. Cng ty mi ch quan tm n cht lng sn phm m cha quan tm v m bo n cht lng hot ng ca cc phng ban, cc b phn hot ng trong cng ty. V cng tc t chc qun l cht lng sn phm vn cn nhiu hn ch. Do ch yu kim tra bng phng php trc quan v phng php chn mu nn vn c th lt nhng sn phm khng t tiu chun cht lng hn na cn mt kh nhiu thi gian, kt qu ph thuc rt ln vo trnh , nghip v v thc trch nhim ca

cn b kim tra. C cu t chc ca b phn cht lng cn chng cho, phng k thut cng ngh chu trch nhim chung v cht lng sn phm trong khi phng phc v sn xut li trc tip kim tra v bo qun cht lng nguyn vt liu u vo. Hin nay trong cng ty vn cn mt lng khng nh cng nhn sn xut trc tip cha coi trng vn cht lng sn phm nn dn n tnh trng lm ba, lm u, khng th t mnh gii quyt c nhng ch tc, vng mc trong qu trnh sn xut m hon ton th ng vo cp trn. i ng cn b k thut ca cng ty qu mng, cng ty ch c 30 ngi c bng i hc v trn i hc nhng ch c mt vi ngi l c bng k thut. Do vy, s ngi am hiu v my mc thit b, trnh v t ng ho v tin hc hu nh rt t. Trong khi , cng ty li ang thc hin chin lc hin i ho ton b my mc, cng ngh sn xut v vy m cng nhn sn xut cha pht huy ht nng sut cng nh cng dng ca s my hin i mi u trang b. Chnh iu ny lm hn ch vic tng hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh v nng cao cht lng sn phm. Cng ty bt u c xu hng pht trin v thm nhp phc v th trng may mc ni a tuy nhin kt qu bc u thu c vn cn khim tn mt phn l do mi trng cnh tranh bn ngoi kh quyt lit vi nhiu cng ty may ln c truyn thng vi mu m a dng, phong ph, gi c hp l vi thu nhp ca ngi tiu dng trong nc. Nhng nguyn nhn c bn vn l do cng ty cha t ht quyt tm v cha thc s ch trng u t nhm to ch ng vi th trng trong nc. iu ny th hin r qua b my qun l ca cng ty l cha thit lp phng marketing. y l mt phng ban c bit rt quan trng trong nn kinh t th trng. N s c vai tr nghin cu tng th trng c th ca ngi tiu dng, c th thit k nhng sn phm ph hp nht vi yu cu ca h. ng thi n cn c nhim v qung b, khuych trng sn phm ca cng ty n mi ngi dn h hiu r v sn phm ca cng ty v bc u tiu dng chng. y chnh l hng i chin lc lu di ca cng ty nu mun chim lnh c th phn trong nc.

Chng III Mt s bin php nhm m bo v nng cao cht Lng sn phm ti cng ty c phn may L Trc

3.1.Phng hng kinh doanh ca cng ty trong thi gian ti.

3.1.1. Mc tiu chin lc. 3.1.1.1. Mc tiu cht lng. - Duy tr hot ng c hiu lc ca h thng qun l cht lng xy dng. - Xy dng v p dng h thng qun l cht lng theo ISO 9001: 2000. 3.1.1.2. Mc tiu kinh doanh. Cng ty ln k hoch pht trin khng ch theo chiu rng nh nn kinh t bao cp m cn pht trin theo chiu su. Chnh s i mi ton b cng ty thm vo li c quyn xut khu trc tip, quan trng hn c l cng ty c t chc chng nhn h thng qun l cht lng BVQI chng nhn h thng qun l cht lng ca cng ty t tiu chun ISO 9002 nn tnh hnh sn xut ca cng ty lun vt k hoch. Trong nhng nm ti cng ty tip tc y mnh kinh doanh hng may mc, c bit l th trng xut khu. Chin lc kinh doanh mi ca cng ty l vn tip tc coi trng nhng th trng c sc thu ht ln, quen thuc ng thi y mnh trin khai, qung b hn na vo nhng th trng tim nng mi thuc cc nc Chu u, Chu M v mt s nc ASEAN, t chc kinh doanh thm mt s dch v b sung khc sau bn hng nhm pht trin doanh thu hn na cho cng ty. Vi nhng nh hng c bn ni trn, mc tiu phn u ca cng ty nm 2005 l: hon thnh ton din cc ch tiu k hoch sn xut kinh doanh, cc khon n ngn sch Nh nc, tng cng i mi my mc v quan trng hn c l nng cao cht lng sn phm v m rng th phn ca cng ty. tip tc duy tr kt qu t c v khng ngng pht trin thc hin c hiu qu mc tiu kinh doanh ca cng ty th Ban gim c cng cc phng ban ra cc ch tiu c bn cn phi t c trong nm 2005:

Biu 3.1: K hoch nm 2005. STT 1. Ch tiu Gi tr sn xut cng nghip n v tnh Triu ng K hoch nm 2005 42.650

2. 3. 4. 5.

Tng doanh thu - Doanh thu xut khu - Doanh thu ni a + FOB Np ngn sch Li nhun Tng s vn - Vn c nh - Vn lu ng Tng s lao ng Thu nhp bnh qun Sn phm ch yu - o Jacket - o Smi

Triu ng Triu ng Triu ng Triu ng Triu ng Triu ng Triu ng Triu ng Ngi 1000/thng Chic Chic

70.773 54.008 16.765 864 4000 42.320 27.000 15.320 860 1.850 980.000 875.000

6. 7. 8.

3.1.2. K hoch hnh ng ca cng ty nm 2005. - a dng ho mu m v pht trin sn phm cao cp thch hp vi nhiu th phn. - n nh, nng cao cht lng v to ra cht lng nh hng ngi tiu dng. Bin php: - La chn gi khch hng truyn thng, c hiu qu v giu tim nng. - Lin tc ci tin v u t i mi thit b cng ngh sn xut. - Nghin cu th trng tm hiu nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng. - Pht huy nng lc ca cc phng tin kim tra (cc thit b trong sn xut v my tnh). - To ra nhiu sn phm mi vi mu m phong ph a dng, gi c ph hp vi ngi tiu dng. Trin khai: - Tng cng kho st, thm d kin ca khch hng. - Nghin cu cc c tnh th cm ca sn phm tho mn nhu cu tim n ca ngi tiu dng. - B tr cc im kim tra ph hp v kim sot cht ch cc qu trnh sn xut. - Hng dn, to thi quen tiu dng mi cho khch hng. - Tip tc nghin cu p dng cng ngh thng tin tin tin vo cng tc qun l ni b pht trin n nh, o to bi dng nghip v cho cn b cng nhn vin. - y mnh cng tc qung co. - Tng cng khu qun l iu hnh t chc, sn xut, u t thit b chuyn dng, y mnh p dng sng kin ci tin nng cao cht lng sn phm. - Tng cng vic phi hp thng xuyn trong cc t chc ng chnh quyn, cng on. y mnh cng tc thi ua phong tro su rng trong i ng cn b cng nhn vin.

3.2. Mt s bin php nhm m bo v nng cao cht lng sn phm cng ty c phn may L Trc.

3.2.1. Cc gii php ch yu nng cao cht lng sn phm cng ty c phn may L Trc. 3.2.1.1. C cu li b my qun l cht lng. Hin nay, lc lng lm cng tc qun l ni chung v qun l cht lng ni ring trong cng ty cn kh mng, nhng ngi c trnh i hc v trn i hc cng chim t l rt nh trong khi c nhiu cng vic phi cn n nh qun tr c trnh , kinh nghim. V vy cng ty nn to iu kin cho cc nh qun tr tham gia cc kho hc o to nng cao trnh chuyn mn, sp xp li b my qun l sao cho ph hp nht vi qui m sn xut ca mnh. Ring b phn qun l cht lng, cng tc kim tra ch yu bng phng php trc quan v chn mu ngu nhin nn nhiu khi vn lt nhng sn phm khng t tiu chun cht lng ra, m nu kim tra 100% sn phm th li rt tn thi gian. Hn na, s lng ngi lm b phn ny rt t v nghip v chuyn mn cn khim tn nn kh c th s dng nhng phng php khc thay th. Trong tnh hnh hin nay khi m cng ty p dng ISO 9002 cho phn xng o Jacket v trin khai ISO 9002 cho cc phn xng cn li, tin ti xy dng tiu chun ISO 9001 : 2000 th cn phi c cu li b my cn b qun tr cht lng m bo ngun nhn lc cho qu trnh trin khai v theo di qu trnh thc hin. Cng ty nn b sung thm cc nh qun tr c nng lc, trnh v nghip v cao nhng s lng mc ti thiu cn thit sao cho ph hp vi tnh hnh chung ca cng vic ng thi khuyn khch, ng vin cc nh qun tr hin c tham gia cc kho hc nng cao trnh v nghip v chuyn mn m bo cho c cu b my qun l cht lng ca cng ty lun n nh, cht lng sn phm lun t tiu chun cao nhng vn tit kim c chi ph. C th l cc b phn phng ban nh : Ban ch o ISO, Phng cht lng v KCS phn xng cng vi vic ra nhng nhim v ch yu m bo hon thin tiu chun ISO 9002 c c s xy dng v p dng tiu chun ISO 9001: 2000. Ban ch o ISO 9000 bao gm cc cn b ch cht, trng cc phng ban v cc t trng k thut. Ban ch o ISO 9000 chu trch nhim bin son ti liu, th tc, hng dn cc cng vic v giao cho cc phng ban thc hin. - Phng cht lng: C chc nng phi hp tt c cc hot ng c lin quan n cht lng. Phng cht lng s tham mu cho i din lnh o trong vic son tho ti liu v nht l trong cc hot ng trin khai cht lng. thc hin c iu ny phng cht lng phi bao gm cc cn b c trnh , c hiu bit chuyn mn trong qun tr cht lng, nm vng cc phng php thng k. Cng ty c th chn lc t b phn KCS ca cng ty v o to cc cn b KCS thnh cc cn b qun l cht lng. Qun tr cht lng i hi phi c s tham gia ca mi ngi vo qu trnh vi phng chm phng nga l chnh. Cn b qun tr cht lng s l ngi hng dn

cng nhn lm theo cc th tc v gip h pht hin nguyn nhn, ci tin cng ngh. Nguyn nhn c pht hin ngay t u s to iu kin h thng hot ng c hiu qu. Tuy nhin, trong iu kin hin ti vn cn phi c cc t kim tra cht lng (KCS) theo di tnh hnh cht lng cui mi dy chuyn tng phn xng. Cc t kim tra cht lng phi hot ng c lp vi cc phn xng v chu s qun l ca phng cht lng. Ngoi ra, khi c cu li b my qun l cht lng cn xem xt v mi quan h gia cc phng ban, Qun tr chc nng cho l mt phng php tt cc phng ban c th theo di ln nhau bi cht lng khng th c to ra bi ngi cng nhn sn xut trc tip. Mr Deming chuyn gia qun tr cht lng ngi M ch ra rng vic qun tr cht lng cn phi c xo b hng ro ngn cch gia cc phng ban v thc hin qun tr chc nng cho. 3.2.1.2. Tip tc o to cc kin thc v qun tr cht lng cho cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty. o to, bi dng kin thc chuyn mn v cht lng cho cn b cng nhn vin l vn quan trng hng u trong qun tr cht lng. y l cng vic m cng ty thc hin ngay t nhng bc u tin khi tin hnh xy dng h thng qun l cht lng ISO 9002. Sau khi c cp giy chng nhn ri, cng vic o to bi dng kin thc v ISO 9000 vn rt quan trng. N khng ch cn l tuyn truyn, o to nhng kin thc c bn, nhng hiu bit chung v ISO 9000 na m l o to, bi dng nng cao s hiu bit chung, kh nng p dng sng to, ci tin v dn dn hon thin h thng c chng nhn v m rng p dng cho ton cng ty. C th ni, y chnh l mt khu c ngha quyt nh m bo cho s thnh cng ca cng ty khi xy dng h thng ISO 9000. Theo tin s Karou Ishikawa- chuyn gia ni ting trong lnh vc qun tr cht lng Nht Bn vit Qun l cht lng bt u t o to v kt thc cng bng o to. Mt khi c s cam kt v chnh sch ci tin cht lng th o to v hun luyn l mt yu t ht sc quan trng thc hin ci tin cht lng. Theo Jonhs Okaland - gi s qun l cht lng Anh, chu k o to v cht lng c th c biu din bng s sau. Biu 3.2: Chu trnh o to cht lng. Chnh sch mc tiu cht lng o to Kim nh tnh hiu lc Phn cng trch nhim

nh gi kt qu

Xc nh mc tiu

Thc thi v theo di

o to cht lng xut pht t chnh sch, mc tiu cht lng v thc hin theo vng trn khp kn. Trong thc t, trnh tay ngh, l lun cng nh hiu bit v qun tr cht lng, trit l c bn ca h thng qun tr theo ISO 9000 cng ty c phn may L Trc vn cha thng nht v hon thin. V vy, thc hin qun tr cht lng tt hn, p ng c nhng yu cu ca b tiu chun ISO th cng ty phi thng xuyn t chc gio dc v o to cp nht nhng kin thc v tiu chun ISO. trin khai, y mnh o to m bo thc hin c nhng mc tiu ra th cng ty nn thc hin theo tin trnh sau: - o to cho i ng cn b lnh o cp cao. y cn tp trung o to v nhng vn c tnh cht chin lc nh xy dng chnh sch chin lc, cc k hoch cht lng, cc mc tiu chin lc di hn v trung hn cho doanh nghip, cc nguyn l c bn cho h thng qun tr cht lng. Trong b tiu chun ISO 9000 vai tr ca lnh o cp cao c c bit nhn mnh v ch trng. qu trnh thc hin din ra c hiu qu th lnh o cp cao phi thu hiu nhng yu cu ca tiu chun ISO t a ra nhng cam kt cng nh nhng bc i c th ng thi m bo y cc ngun lc cn thit cho vic p dng thnh cng b tiu chun ISO 9000. - Cng ty c th mi chuyn gia ca BVQI n o to thm cho i ng lnh o cp cao, thi gian thc hin c th ko di t 1- 3 ngy. - o to, o to li cho i ng lnh o cp trung gian (bao gm cc phng ban, cc qun c, gim st vin cng ty) trc tip chu trch nhim v cht lng. H phi c o to c th v nhng yu cu ca b tiu chun ISO, nhng kin thc tc nghip v qun tr cht lng, c bit l cc cng c thng k trong kim sot cht lng, h l nhng ngi qun l c lin quan trc tip n tnh hnh sn xut kinh doanh v cht lng sn phm ca cng ty. Do vy, h phi hiu thu o c th v ni dung v phng php lm vic theo cc yu cu ca b tiu chun.

Nh vy, vic p dng v vn hnh h thng qun tr cht lng theo tiu chun ISO 9000 mi t hiu qu. i vi vic o to cho i ng lnh o cp trung gian ny, cng ty c th tin hnh theo hai cch sau: + Th nht, mi chuyn gia ca BVQI v o to ti cng ty trong thi gian t 1-3 ngy. + Th hai, c mt nhm t 2-3 ngi tham gia vo chng trnh o to cp nht ISO 9000 ti trung tm chng nhn cht lng thuc Tng cc o lng cht lng. Sau v cng ty o to cho i ng lnh o cp trung gian. Vic thc hin theo cch no tu thuc vo kh nng v ti chnh cng nh ch trng ca lnh o cng ty. - o to cho i ng cng nhn trc tip tham gia sn xut kinh doanh. H phi nh gi c mt cch ng n v vai tr thc hin cc mc tiu, chnh sch cht lng ca cng ty. Hn na, y l lc lng ch yu ca cng ty, l ngi trc tip to ra cc ch tiu cht lng do vy h phi c o to, hun luyn thc hin tt cc nhim v c giao. Mt khc, cc cp lnh o phi gip h thy c thc trch nhim, tinh thn t gic v tnh tp th cng nhau hot ng v mc tiu chung ca cng ty. Gn quyn li v trch nhim ca h vi cng vic c giao. 3.2.1.3. Thc hin chnh sch khuyn khch vt cht, tinh thn nhn vin. khuyn khch vic thit lp thc t gic v thc hin, p dng, duy tr v chuyn i m rng h thng qun tr cht lng xy dng, cng ty cn ra cc bin php thng, pht v vt cht r rng, phn minh bi ngi lao ng to ra sn phm c cht lng, chu kh lm vic c trch nhim m khng c thng trong khi ngi li lm vic u li c thng hoc ngi c cng, c thnh tch cng nh ngi khng c thnh tch u c thng nh nhau ... s lm nn lng ngi lao ng dn n lm vic khng c trch nhim na, khng c ch phn u. Cho nn y l bin php c tnh hiu qu, khng ch ng vin kp thi nhng b phn, c nhn lm tt cht lng theo yu cu qui nh ca h thng cht lng, pht huy tnh sng to v kh nng tim n trong mi c nhn ngi lao ng m cn ngn chn ngay cc hnh ng c hay s sut vi phm cc yu cu. khon tin thng kch thch ngi lao ng trong sn xut tun th ng cc yu cu t ra ca h thng, cng ty nn xem xt li h s thng, pht da vo mc quan trng ca tng b phn c nh hng trc tip n nng sut cht lng ca sn phm cng nh trch nhim ca mi cp trong vic p dng h thng qun l cht lng ISO 9000. Ni dung tiu chun bnh bu nh sau: - Tiu chun A, B, C theo thng: * Loi A: + Hon thnh tt nhim v c giao.

+ m bo ngy cng ch trong thng (nu ngh m, ngh khng lng 1 ngy u b xung loi). Ring ngh php 2 ngy trong thng vn t loi A. + Chp hnh tt mi ni qui, qui ch ca cng ty, phn xng; khng vi phm bt k khuyt im no. *Loi B: + Hon thnh tt mi nhim v c giao. + m bo 18 ngy cng ch trong thng. + Vi phm mt khuyt im. + Nhng ngy ngh phi c l do chnh ng, phi c n xin ngh v bo trc mt hm cng ty b tr ngi khc thay. * Loi C: + Ngy cng t t 8 n 18 ngy trong thng. + Vi phm t 2 khuyt im tr ln. + Ngh 1 ngy khng c l do tr ln. - Tiu chun bnh bu lao ng tin tin: + Hon thnh tt mi nhim v c giao. + t tiu chun bnh bu loi A 12 thng/ nm. + Khng vi phm bt k khuyt im no. + Nng ng, sng to trong cng vic. + c mi ngi suy tn, bnh chn. - Tiu chun lao ng xut sc: + t tiu chun lao ng tin tin trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. + C nhiu ng gp cho mi hot ng phong tro. + Lun t c nhng thnh tch vt tri. + Thc s gng mu c mi ngi trong cng ty ghi nhn. + c mi ngi suy tn, bnh chn. Khuyn khch vt cht v tinh thn i vi ngi lao ng l mt nguyn tc ht sc quan trng nhm thu ht v to ng lc mnh m cho ngi lao ng trong qu trnh lm vic trong thc tin. Khng nn qu coi trng mt pha khuyn khch vt cht hoc tinh thn m phi kt hp cht ch gia hai loi khuyn khch ny, kt hp cht ch gia thng, pht nghim minh th ng lc to ra mi mnh m v t hiu qu. Mt trong cc bin php thc y cht lng i ln l ci tin cht lng. Trong iu kin hin nay, ci tin l mt phng php quan trng nng cao nng sut lao ng. Cng ty cn c cc ch khen thng i vi cc sng kin, ti nhm thc y tin b k thut, ci tin v hp l ho sn xut mang li hiu qu kinh t, gp phn nng cao i sng cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty.

Cng ty cng cn ra cc mc thng i vi cc sng kin. Thc hin tt iu ny, s khuyn khch mi ngi lm vic ng trch nhim c qui nh trong cc th tc cng nh tun th cc yu cu c ph chun trong h thng v pht huy tnh sng to, ci tin v hon thin h thng qun tr cht lng trong cng ty. 3.2.1.4. i mi trang thit b, ng b ho dy chuyn sn xut. My mc thit b, dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut nh hng trc tip n cht lng sn phm sn xut ra, n l phng tin cng tc nng cao cht lng sn phm t hiu qu cao. Vic u t trang thit b mi hin i, ng b ho dy chuyn sn xut l mt vic lm ht sc cn thit nhng cng rt kh khn cho cng ty bi n i hi ngun vn ln, vy ngun vn ny cn huy ng u cho vn l vn nan gii. Hn na, khi i mi trang thit b v m rng sn xut ri th li phi lm sao cho my mc lm vic lin tc, trnh tnh trng phi ngng hot ng do thiu vic. Theo k hoch ca cng ty t nay n ht nm 2010 tng s vn u t xy dng c bn s l hn 20 t ng. Trong bao gm vn huy ng t cc c ng trong cng ty, vn vay ngn hng v vn ngn sch cp. Trc mt cng ty cn u t c trng im to iu kin huy ng thm cc ngun vn khc. Trong nm va qua, cng ty bt u thc hin i mi, b sung thm nhiu my mc thit b ca Nht v c l hai cng quc khoa hc tin tin trn th gii Do ngun vn cng ty cn eo hp nn vn cn tn ng s my mc thit b c, cha th ng b ho tt c cc my mc, dy chuyn sn xut c cho nn my mc thit b c thiu ng b, hay gp hng hc, mt nhiu thi gian sa cha lm nh hng khng nh n cht lng sn phm. Nm 2004 va qua, cng ty huy ng hn 4 t mua sm trang thit b mi gp phn m bo v hon thin hn na cht lng sn phm, ng thi loi b dn nhng my mc c, lc hu gy ngng tr sn xut kinh doanh. C th ni, vic u t vo my mc thit b, dy chuyn cng ngh cng ty c phn may L Trc l vic lm cn thit nhm tng nng sut lao ng, nng cao cht lng sn phm v tng sc cnh tranh trn th trng. u t ng hng v c hiu qu trc tin cng ty cn xem xt, kim tra v nh gi li ton b my mc thit b, xc nh khu vc no cn u t ngay. Do hn ch v vn nn cng ty phi ch trng u t vo nhng khu, nhng b phn dy chuyn sn xut quan trng. Cng ty u t ln lt theo th t, bt u t khu quan trng v cn thit ri n cc b phn cn li. Cn trnh u t trn lan va khng t c hiu qu va gy lng ph. Vi thc trng hin nay, cng ty cn phi thng k r rng, chnh xc tng s vn c nh v vn lu ng hin c t xc nh tim lc vn cng ty n u trc mt huy ng u t ng b dy chuyn sn xut mt s mt hng ch yu nh: + Thit b dy chuyn sn xut o s mi (mc t ng v bn t ng). + Thit b dy chuyn sn xut o m bi. Sau , cng ty s pht trin sn xut sn phm khc trn nng lc sn xut sn c t to tin cho cng ty thay i dn cc my mc thit b c, lc hu tin dn

n u t ng b my mc thit b, dy chuyn sn xut hin i to iu kin cho cng ty pht trin vng mnh. Bn cnh vic u t my mc thit b cng ngh, cng ty cn khuyn khch ngi lao ng tm ra nhng bt cp, nhng nguyn nhn lm gim nng sut, cht lng nh dy chuyn sn xut khng ng b, cng nhn thiu trch nhim trong cng vic... gp phn hon thin v ci tin cht lng. Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh, qua qu trnh t ng ho din ra ngy cng nhanh v xc nh s thiu ng b nh th no, b phn no a ra kin xut nn u t vo nhng b phn no, chi ph ra sao... ng thi s gim c lao ng th cng, lao ng chn tay, con ngi s vt v trong cng vic. 3.2.1.5. Tm kim cc ngun c th cung cp nguyn ph liu n nh, c uy tn. Hin nay, cng ty vn thc hin phn ln l may gia cng n thun nhng i lc pha i tc vn u thc cho cng ty nhp nguyn ph liu ca mt s cng ty nc ngoi khc c ch nh hoc cho cng ty quyn t ch mua nguyn ph liu sn xut. iu ny s to cho cng ty c c ngun cung cp nguyn ph liu n nh v ng tin cy, to iu kin thun li cho cng ty xc tin phng thc mua t bn on. Vic nghin cu la chn ngun hng tt gp phn p ng kp thi, chnh xc nhu cu th trng, thc hin ng thi hn hp ng vi cht lng tt. Thu mua l khu quan trng, l khu u tin quyt nh trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh ng thi chng t doanh nghip c kh nng pht trin giai on sau hay khng. Trong thu mua hng dt may, vn la chn ngun hng l rt quan trng. Cn phi chn ngun hng ph hp vi iu kin kinh doanh ca doanh nghip v c im ca th trng nc ta. V vy cn nghin cu khai thc cc ngun nguyn ph liu ph hp k c trong v ngoi nc. 3.2.1.6. Thnh lp phng Marketing. T nhiu nm nay, th trng tiu th ca cng ty c phn may L Trc ch yu l nc ngoi nh Nht, Hn Quc, mt s nc EU... i vi th trng trong nc, cng ty hu nh b ng. Trong khi , th trng nc ta hin nay ang l mt th trng ln y tim nng, nhu cu v iu kin mua ca ngi tiu dng cng tng ln rt nhiu. Nu xt v lu di, cng ty cn phi to ch ng cho mnh i vi th trng trong nc c th t c li nhun cao hn. Tuy nhin, cc knh tiu th ca cng ty c t chc cha hp l, h thng i l cha pht trin, t c hnh thc khuyn mi, qung co. Hin ti trong cng ty cha c phng Marketing ring bit m b phn Marketing ny nm trong phng kinh doanh, do vic nghin cu nhu cu th trng cha c c th nn cng ty cha th nm bt c ht nhu cu ca tng th trng, sn phm ca cng ty cha c mi ngi dn bit n nhiu nn vic tiu th sn phm vn cha t hiu qu cao. Vi iu kin hin nay ca cng ty, khi m ngy cng c nhiu i th cnh tranh th vai tr ca cht lng hng ho cng nh vai tr ca hot ng Marketing ngy cng tr nn quan trng. Cng tc Marketing tt s xc nh c ng tiu chun sn phm cn sn xut ph hp vi th hiu ngi tiu dng, t c chnh sch ci

tin cht lng thch hp. Cng ty khng ch cng c cng tc cht lng bng cch hon thnh tt tiu chun cht lng ra m phi i tm mu m tiu chun mi theo th hiu trong tng lai ca khch hng. Mt khc, cng ty cn phi nh hng cc hot ng ca mnh theo nhu cu, i hi ca th trng v bng mi cch vn ln p ng cho c nhng yu cu, i hi . Xut pht t l lun v tnh hnh thc t sn xut kinh doanh hin nay, m bo v nng cao cht lng sn phm cng nh gp phn chim lnh th trng trong nc, cng ty nn thnh lp phng Marketing ring bit mi c th tp trung lm tt chc nng v nhim v ca mnh. Ni cch khc, vic thnh lp phng Marketing c lp l bin php cn thit gip cng ty trong mi lnh vc c bit l cng tc ci tin, nng cao cht lng sn phm. lm c vic ny, Ban gim c cng ty cn tin hnh ch o thc hin mt s ni dung c th nh: - Da trn c s nng ct l cn b b phn phng kinh doanh, cng ty ch o hnh thnh mt i ng cn b, nhn vin Marketing. C th tuyn thm nhn vin mi tt nghip i hc chuyn ngnh Marketing. Sau khi c ngun nhn lc, Ban gim c ra mc tiu, chnh sch v phng hng hot ng c th. Mc tiu chnh l thc hin chin lc khai thc v m rng th trng, i su vo nhng c im mang tnh c th ca tng khu vc, tng thi k. - i ng phng Marketing cn phi tng hp thng tin v cht lng, mu m sn phm, yu cu, th hiu ca ngi tiu dng t a ra cc thng s k thut ci tin sn phm. Ngoi ra cn nghin cu khi qut v th trng nh qui m th trng, c cu, nhu cu v s vn ng ca th trng. Nghin cu chi tit th trng nh khch hng l i tng mua sn phm ca cng ty thuc tng lp x hi no, trnh vn ho, tui,... Nghin cu cc i th cnh tranh xc nh kiu cch v mc cnh tranh ca i th tim n v i th trc tip... Trn c s , cng ty s thy c li th v nhc im ca sn phm m cng ty ang sn xut t ra phng n thch hp. - Phng Marketing c th tin hnh nghin cu th trng bng cch la chn trn c s ti liu nghin cu nh bn tin kinh t, thng tin kinh t i ngoi, tp ch thng mi... c bit quan trng l bng nhng thng tin thu thp c t vic nghin cu thm d thc t. T nhng tin trn, i ng cn b Marketing a ra cc chnh sch v sn phm, gi c, phn phi v khuych trng. Ban u phi a nhng sn phm mu ra th trng qung co v thm d. Thu thp thng tin phn hi t pha ngi tiu dng tip tc nghin cu, xut cc gii php k thut nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm, nng lc sn xut v quyt nh gi c. T chc tt cc knh tiu th hin c v m rng nhng th trng mi nhm chim lnh th trng. ng thi xy dng chin lc khuyn mi hp l, c bit ch n qung co v xc tin bn hng. Vic thc hin gii php ny, cng ty c th thy hiu qu ng k trong qu trnh gii quyt vn ph hp gia cht lng, gi c v nhu cu th trng. T , y mnh vic tiu th v tng li nhun. Cng lc cng ty to c sc mnh cho mnh

trong vic cnh tranh vi cc i th khc. Cc mu m qua s sng lc ca i ng cn b nghin cu th trng s tm cho cng ty th trng v xc nh mi loi th trng cn loi sn phm no. To ra s h tr ln trong cng vic m bo v nng cao cht lng sn phm. Cng tc nghin cu th trng ly vic tho mn ti a nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng, ly hiu qu kinh t lm thc o cho mi hot ng. Khi lng sn phm m cng ty tiu th s nh gi thnh cng ca cng tc ny. Trong thi gian ti, cng ty nn thnh lp thm phng Marketing vi mt c cu nh sau: Biu 3.3: T chc phng Marketing. Phng Marketing

B phn Marketing nghin cu th trng mi

B phn Marketing nghin cu th trng chung

B phn Marketing nghin cu th trng truyn thng

- B phn Marketing nghin cu th trng truyn thng: Mc ch gi vng v i su vo th trng quen thuc. - B phn Marketing nghin cu th trng mi: Mc ch pht hin, pht trin v m rng th trng cho cng ty. B phn ny nghin cu v nhu cu, s thch, qui m v cch xm nhp th trng mi. - B phn Marketing nghin cu th trng chung: Chuyn tng hp nhng kt lun c th cho tng khu vc th trng. Vi hnh thc t chc nh th ny s to thun li cho vic thc hin chin lc khai thc v m rng th trng, i su vo nhng c im mang tnh c th. Vic thnh lp phng Marketing s em li hiu qu ng k cho cng ty trong vic qun l cht lng l sn phm sn xut ra lun t cht lng tt, khc phc c tnh trng ph phm. t c cht lng ti u l mc tiu lu di phi phn u n lc khng ngng ca mi ngi trong cng ty, v vy vic thnh lp phng Marketing s gip cng ty nhanh chng thu thp c nhng thng tin mi nht, chnh xc nht v nhu cu ca khch hng, trnh c tnh trng i chch hng trong sn xut v

cc mu m qua sng lc cn thn, xc nh c yu cu v sn phm ca tng th trng c th. 3.2.1.7. Xy dng chuyn tip h thng qun tr cht lng theo b tiu chun ISO 9000: 2000. Nhu cu ca khch hng lun thay i theo khng gian v thi gian nn i hi cht lng sn phm dch v ngy mt hon thin hn. Do , doanh nghip lun lun phi nm bt nhu cu ca khch hng v tho mn nhu cu mt cch tt nht vi chi ph kinh t hp l nht. Vic o mc tho mn ca khch hng v cht lng sn phm l rt kh khn v kh thc hin mt cch trc tip. Tuy nhin, c th nh gi gin tip s tho mn, hi lng ca khch hng thng qua: s lng khch hng mua lp li , nim t ho v danh ting khi mua, s dng mt nhn hiu sn phm... Khch hng nh gi v cht lng ca sn phm thng qua vic nh gi h thng QLCL m doanh nghip p dng cng nh cam kt m t chc a ra. Nh vy, vic p dng h thng QLCL tin tin, khng ngng ci tin v hon thin h thng cht lng tho mn ngy mt tt hn nhu cu khch hng l mt tt yu khch quan cho mi doanh nghip mun ng vng v pht trin trong c ch th trng. Mt khc s ci tin khng ngng h thng QLCL l i hi ca bn thn tng doanh nghip, lun lun ci tin khng ngng h thng cht lng em li nhng li ch: + Tho mn ngy mt tt hn nhu cu khch hng (nhu cu ny lun bin i). + Tit kim c chi ph v ngun lc, h gi thnh sn phm do gim t l sai hng, sn phm khng ph hp. + Nng cao mt bc trnh qun l, thc trch nhim ca mi c nhn trong doanh nghip lm cho mi ngi trong doanh nghip gn kt vi nhau, ngy cng gn b vi cng vic c giao, gn b vi doanh nghip thng qua vic tho mn trong lao ng. Vic ban hnh b tiu chun mi ISO 9000: 2000 l mt yu cu khch quan do s i hi ngy cng cao ca khch hng, do trnh pht trin ca qun tr cht lng. Nm bt c iu , Ban gim c cng ty c phn may L Trc c th coi y l mt cch thc v cng l c hi nng cao trnh qun l cht lng phin bn ISO 9000: 2000 thay cho phin bn ISO 9000: 1994 kp nng cao tng bc cht lng sn phm, tng nng lc cnh tranh ca hng Vit Nam trn th trng trong nc v quc t. Cc gii php thc hin: * Xy dng v thc hin tin trnh chuyn i. thc hin chuyn i thnh cng h thng m bo cht lng theo b tiu chun ISO 9000: 1994 sang h thng m bo cht lng theo b tiu chun ISO

9000: 2000 th trc tin cng ty phi a ra mt lch trnh v cc bc thc hin c th. Cc bc cng ty cn tin hnh c th hin theo biu 3.4. Ton b tin trnh chuyn i bt u t cam kt ca lnh o n nh gi cp chng ch h thng m bo cht lng theo ISO 9001: 2000 s c thc hin trong vng mt nm vi cc bc thc hin c th: - Cam kt ca lnh o: C th ni lnh o trong QLCL l mt yu cu quan trng, yu cu th 5 trong 8 yu cu ca h thng qun l cht lng ISO 9001: 2000 l bc trin khai u tin. Nu lnh o ca cng ty khng nhn thc, khng thu hiu ng n v cht lng th s khng th c quyt nh, hng i ng n cng nh ngi lao ng s khng thc c s cn thit phi to ra cht lng. Mt khc, lnh o cp cao trong doanh nghip chu trch nhim v c cam kt i vi cc chnh sch, mc tiu v cht lng th bn thn vic s to ra mt s cp rng ln, vt ra ngoi nhng th tc c chp nhn, nhng chc nng m bo cht lng, ng thi n s to ra s t chu trch nhim tc ng ln nhau trong mi hot ng ca doanh nghip t nghin cu th trng n cung cp sn phm dch v. lm tt chc nng v th hin c vai tr ca mnh i vi cng tc QLCL lnh o ca cng ty cn: + Cam kt v li cun mi ngi cng tham gia vo cng tc QLCL. + To iu kin v ngun nhn lc cho vic pht trin c hiu qu v hiu lc h thng cht lng. + Thit lp tm nhn chnh sch v mc tiu cht lng gn vi mc tiu ca cng ty. + Dn dt cng ty i theo phng hng nh, to s trung thc gia mi ngi vi nhau. + To mi trng khuyn khch s li cun v pht trin con ngi. Biu 3.4: Cam kt ca lnh o cng ty. Cam kt ca lnh o

Tin hnh o to cp nht ISO 9000 : 2000

Tng bc sa i h thng vn bn

- Tin hnh o to cp nhp ISO 9000: 2000 : Mt khi c s cam kt v chnh sch ci tin h thng cht lng th o to hun luyn l mt yu t ht sc quan trng thc hin ci tin h thng cht lng. Chng trnh v o to cp nhp c cp c th gii php th 2. - Tng bc sa i h thng vn bn : Sau khi tin hnh o to cp nht nhng kin thc v qun l cht lng v h thng cht lng theo tinh thn ca b tiu chun ISO 9000: 2000 cng ty cn tin hnh sa i vn bn theo yu cu ca tiu chun mi. Vic thay i u tin chnh l s tay cht lng bi v s tay cht lng bao qut ton b h thng qun l m cng ty xy dng v p dng. Hn na n cn bao gm c nhng cam kt ca lnh o, chnh sch v mc tiu cht lng. Cng vic tip theo l sa i cc qui trnh : cng ty c th rt xung 10 qui trnh so vi 17 qui trnh hin nay. Nhng bn biu v hng dn cng vic cng cn sa i cho ph hp vi yu cu ca tiu chun mi. Ton b qu trnh sa i h thng vn bn cn c tin hnh trong vng t 4 n 6 thng. - Vn hnh th h thng vn bn mi : Vic sa i h thng vn bn i lin vi vic vn hnh th h thng vn bn ny. Mc ch ca vic sa i i lin vi vic vn hnh th l tm ra nhng iu bt hp l khi tin hnh xy dng, sa

i t iu chnh cho ph hp. Trnh lng ph thi gian v quyn lc khng cn thit. Hng tun cng ty cn t chc cc bui nh gi tnh thc thi v hiu lc ca vn bn mi, thng qua nh gi tin b thc hin vic p ng cc yu cu ca tiu chun mi. Pht hin v x l nhng iu bt cp chnh l b sung kp thi. - Vn hnh QMS (Quality Maragerment Systems) mi : Sau khi thc hin sa tng phn cc qui trnh th tc theo tiu chun mi th tin hnh nh gi h thng QLCL mi xem xt s thng nht, nht qun gia cc qui trnh th tc. Khi tin hnh cng vic bc ny, cng ty cn tin hnh nh gi ni b. Cng ty c th mi chuyn gia BVQI tham gia vic nh gi mang tnh khch quan v c th yu cu chuyn gia ghi nhn cc kt qu nh gi. - nh gi cht lng phn tch d liu bng cng thc thng k : Trong b tiu chun ISO 9000: 2000 cng c thng k vn c coi trng, n l c s hot ng ci tin lin tc h thng cht lng thng qua vic phn tch cc kt qu ca vic trin khai thc hin ca doanh nghip so vi mc tiu, cam kt m t chc a ra. Hin ti cng ty mi s dng 2 cng c thng k n gin l s nhn qu v biu pareto. Vic s dng 2 cng c ny mi ch ra c t l sai hng, sn phm khng ph hp. N cha a ra c chi ph m cng ty phi b ra khc phc sai hng v sn phm khng ph hp. - nh gi cp chng ch ISO 9001: 2000 : Khi cng vic c tin hnh tri chy, h thng QMS mi i vo n np. Sau nhiu ln tin hnh nh gi ni b tm ra nhng im cha ph hp, cng ty c th yu cu c quan t vn tin hnh nh gi s b tm ra nhng im lu , khng ph hp sa i khc phc sau cng ty mi t chc chng nhn h thng qun l cht lng BVQI tin hnh nh gi chnh thc cng nhn v cp chng ch ISO 9001: 2000 cho cng ty. * Gim bt chi ph cho qu trnh chuyn i. Vic chuyn i ny s khng tn nhiu chi ph nh vic xy dng h thng cht lng theo ISO 9002: 1994 ban u. qu trnh chuyn i t hiu qu cao vi chi ph thp l iu khng phi d dng i vi cng ty. - Vn la chn t chc t vn : Vic la chn t chc t vn cho doanh nghip trong vic thc hin ISO 9000 c vai tr rt quan trng. Doanh nghip nn chn t chc c y uy tn, nng lc v kinh nghim vi chi ph hp l, gip doanh nghip trnh lng ph thi gian, tin ca v cc ngun lc khc khng cn thit. Nhng i vi vic chuyn i ny, cng ty khng nht thit phi nh t vn gip. Bi v d sao v c bn cng ty cng hiu r v b tiu chun ISO 9000: 1994 v vic trin khai xy dng, p dng trong doanh nghip mnh phi tin hnh nh th no cho ph hp v t hiu qu cao. iu quan trng l cng ty phi nm c nhng thay i c bn ca b tiu chun mi so vi b tiu chun

c: nhng ci tin, nhng yu cu i hi cao hn m doanh nghip phi p ng. Nu chuyn i m thu t vn t u cho n cui thc s rt tn km, cng ty ch nn nh n t chc t vn nu trong qu trnh chuyn i cng ty gp phi nhng kh khn, vng mc m t mnh khng th gii quyt c. - Vn la chn t chc chng nhn : i vi cng ty c phn may L Trc th y l giai on thun li nht cho cng ty tin hnh chuyn i, cng ty cn c nh hng ngay c th xin chng nhn ISO 9001: 2000 khi m chng ch c ht hiu lc. gim chi ph, cng ty c th tho thun vi BVQI T chc chng nhn cht lng trong cc ln nh gi, gim st thc hin theo b tiu chun ISO 9000: 1994 c th thc hin nh gi s b theo tiu chun ISO 9001: 2000 v t chc o to v vic chuyn i ngay ti cng ty. Cng ty nn c hnh ng khc phc ngay sau ln nh gi s b vic nh gi chnh thc theo tiu chun ISO 9001: 2000 c cng nhn. Hot ng ny gip cho cng ty trnh khi nhng sai lm trong qu trnh tip cn b tiu chun mi v c th trc tip p dng ngay cho h thng qun l cht lng ca cng ty, t gim nhng chi ph tn km khng cn thit trong qu trnh chuyn i. * Xy dng nhm cht lng. - C s hnh thnh nhm cht lng trong cng ty : + Nhm cht lng c lp ra thc hin cc hot ng qun l cht lng trn tinh thn t nguyn v t qun. H thng xuyn gp g tho lun, trao i mt ch c nh hng n cng vic hoc ni lm vic ca h nhm mc ch hon thin cht lng cng vic cng nh ci thin mi trng lm vic. + Nhm cht lng a ra nhiu li th cho cng ty trong vic huy ng sc mnh tng hp, ti nng v tr tu ca mi ngi nhm mc tiu nng cao cht lng. l to nn s cng hng lm tng nng sut, ci tin cht lng sn phm. Vic a ra quyt nh tp th ng ng hn to iu kin cho vic khuyn khch thi ua gia c nhn, s trao i gia cc c nhn trong nhm hoc gia cc nhm vi nhau s gp phn xy dng mi quan h tt p, lnh mnh trong ton cng ty... + Cng ty c phn may L Trc c nhiu iu kin xy dng nhm cht lng bi v khu t chc, qun l, vn ho, phong cch, v mi quan h gia cc c nhn trong cng ty rt tt. Trong giai on thc hin chuyn i hin nay vic xy dng v duy tr nhm cht lng c tc dng:

 y mnh vic tuyn truyn, ph bin nhng kin thc v b tiu chun ISO 9000: 2000. Hnh thnh thi quen lm vic tm hiu nguyn nhn, thc y qu trnh ci tin lin tc h thng cht lng. To ra mi quan h gia cc c nhn v gia cc nhm trong cng cng ty vi mc tiu chung l thc hin chuyn i thnh cng h thng qun l cht lng theo tiu chun mi. - S lng, t chc v mc tiu hot ng: + S lng nhm cht lng cn xy dng v duy tr t 25-30 nhm trong cc phn xng sn xut c th t 10-15 nhm cn li l cc n v khc. + T chc nhm cht lng: Mi nhm cht lng c t 3 n 10 ngi trong cn ch ra mt nhm trng. Lnh o trong cng ty chn ra b phn th k nhm cht lng, ti y cc tng, kin xut ca cc nhm, cc thnh vin trong nhm c ghi nhn chuyn ti lnh o. + Mc tiu hot ng: Thng xuyn gp g, trao i v cc ch c lin quan n vic gii quyt cng vic m tng c nhn t mnh khng th gii quyt c. Pht huy sc mnh ca tp th trong vic ci thin iu kin lm vic, tng nng sut lao ng. Tng cng iu tra, kim sot cht lng sn phm, cng vic thc hin. Hc hi, trao i kinh nghim, kin thc gia cc thnh vin ca nhm. Ngoi ra, cng ty nn phi hp vi t chc cng on trong vic xy dng cc nhm cht lng. y cng chnh l thc hin phng php t chc cho on vin, cng nhn vin chc lao ng (CNVCL) hot ng to thm s on kt nht tr cao trong ni b t chc cng on v trong cng ty. T chc cng on s thay mt Ban lnh o v Ban gim c cng ty ph bin su rng cho cn b cng nhn vin (CBCNV) trong cng ty hiu c tm quan trng ca cht lng sn phm v nhim v ca cc nh qun tr cht lng. Bn cnh , cng on cn to sc thu ht, li ko CNVCL tham gia vo cc hot ng tch cc cho cng ty: ra v thc hin cc bin php xy dng cc nhm cht lng nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm, cc phng hng phc v khch hng mt cch tt nht, a ra cc sng kin ci tin k thut hp l ho sn xut, cc bin php tng nng sut lao ng, nng cao hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh... ng thi cn gii quyt nhng khc mc v tin lng, tin thng, ph cp lng, thi gi lm vic, thi gi ngh ngi, nh mc lao ng, an ton v sinh lao ng bo v quyn li chnh ng cho ngi lao ng. 3.2.2. Mt s kin ngh i vi Nh nc.

3.2.2.1. u t pht trin ngnh dt, c s cn i gia ngnh dt v may. Hin nay, ngnh dt may trong nc hu ht vn cha p ng c nhu cu v nguyn ph liu cho ngnh may. Cc doanh nghip may hu nh phi nhp khu phn ln nguyn ph liu t nc ngoi. c bit i vi cc doanh nghip may gia cng th gn 100% cc loi vi l nhp khu, chnh v vy cn phi lm sao cho cn i gia ngnh dt v ngnh may mc. Cn phi u t ngnh dt theo chiu su, hnh thnh mt s cm sn xut dt, in nhum vi cng ngh hin i nhm p ng hiu qu cho ngnh may xut khu v trong nc. iu ny cng to cho s pht trin ca ngnh may ln ngnh dt ca Vit Nam, mun lm c iu ny Nh nc cn phi: - C quy hoch pht trin ngnh dt theo chiu su nhm m bo s cn i gia hai ngnh dt v may. - C chnh sch khuyn khch v tn dng v thu i vi cc doanh nghip ngnh dt. - C chnh sch khuyn khch cc doanh nghip may s dng ngun nguyn liu trong nc. 3.2.2.2. Ci cch cc th tc hnh chnh. Trong nhng nm gn y, cc th tc hnh chnh ca Nh nc vn cn rt rm r, phc tp. Chnh iu ny lm cn tr khng nh n hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cc doanh nghip m cng ty c phn may L trc cng nm trong s . V mt xut nhp khu, yu t cn tr ln nht i vi doanh nghip l vic thng qua hi quan. Vn bit rng ngi lm hi quan phi thc hin theo trch nhim v ngha v ca h nhng vn ch th tc qu rm r, phi thng qua nhiu bc lm mt rt nhiu thi gian nhiu khi lm gim tin giao hng cho khch ca doanh nghip. n gin ho cc th tc hnh chnh v chng tham nhng trong cc c quan chc nng ca Nh nc nh thu v, hi quan, ngn hng..., i mi quy ch v cch thc lm vic, b bt cc bc khng cn thit trong xt duyt u t, vay vn u t nhm nng cao hiu qu qun l i vi mi ngnh, mi cp v to iu kin thun li cho doanh nghip tin hnh sn xut kinh doanh. 3.2.2.3. Nh nc cn c cc chnh sch u i nhm thc y cc hot ng gia cng. Nc ta l mt nc m nn kinh t c xut pht im rt thp, cc doanh nghip thng i sau trong qu trnh hi nhp. V vy, Nh nc cn c nhng chnh sch nhm thc y cc doanh nghip pht trin sn xut, trnh tnh trng tt hu so vi cc nc khc. C th l: * V li vay ngn hng: Hin nay, ngnh may mc ca nc ta nhn chung my mc sn xut a phn l lc hu, mt s my mc vn cn mi nhng trnh cng ngh khng cao do vy m cht lng sn phm khng cao. u t cho pht trin sn xut th ngun vn ca bn thn doanh nghip khng th no p ng c, do vy cn

phi c s h tr ca Nh nc. Nh nc cn c s h tr v mt tn dng nh n gin cc th tc cho vay vn, gim li sut vay... * V qun l v phn b hn ngch: Trong nhng nm qua, Nh nc c ch trng thay i rt nhiu trong vn qun l v phn b hn ngch. Mc d vi cch phn b hin nay ca B thng mi c nhiu tin b song vn cn tn ti nhiu vn bt cp cn phi c gii quyt dt im. Thc t cho thy s lng sn phm sn xut xut khu bao gi cng ln hn s lng sn phm trong hn ngch. Do vy, cng ty lin tc b thiu hn ngch v lun phi lo lng tm cch xin hn ngch b sung hoc phi tm cc doanh nghip khc xut khu u thc vi s tin khng nh. iu ny dn n chi ph sn xut gia cng tng ln ng thi to ra nhiu hin tng tiu cc trong vn gii quyt xin hn ngch. 3.2.2.4. Tng cng cung cp thng tin khoa hc cng ngh v ngnh dt may. Trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh, cc doanh nghip thng thiu thng tin v cng ngh v th trng cng ngh, iu ny nh hng rt ln n hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh. V vy, Nh nc phi thng xuyn c cc d n nhm cung cp cc thng tin khoa hc cng ngh cho doanh nghip. Tng cng ty dt may Vit Nam nn t chc h thng thng tin v khoa hc cng ngh dt may. Ngoi nhng thng tin v cng ngh v th trng cng ngh, h thng cn cung cp cc thng tin khc v th trng hng may mc trong nc v quc t. 3.2.2.5. Thnh lp t chc xc tin thng mi. Th trng tiu th trn th gii lun bin ng v tng i phc tp, nhng hin ti cc thng tin v th trng vn cn thiu v chnh xc cha cao. V vy, Nh nc nn sm thnh lp t chc xc tin thng mi tr gip cc nh sn xut trong hot ng kinh doanh. Chc nng ca t chc ny l cung cp thng tin v t chc xc tin cc hot ng thng mi, tin hnh nghin cu th trng nc ngoi. T chc ny s thit lp mt ngn hng d liu v cc th trng nc ngoi. Trong thi gian trc mt, khi m cha thnh lp c ngay t chc xc tin thng mi, B thng mi cn phi thnh lp cc vn phng i din nc ngoi nghin cu, theo di c th, chnh xc tnh hnh th trng nc ngoi v thng xuyn ng ra t chc v bo tr cho cc on i kho st th trng nc ngoi. Kinh nghim ca mt s nc cho thy, ngoi vic xy dng v thc hin chin lc pht trin hp l ngnh dt may, cc nc thc hin nhng bin php chim lnh th trng hu hiu. y c th c coi l kinh nghim qu bu i vi nc ta. V d: n , Indonsia thnh lp kho hng ca mnh ngay ti cng Chu u (nh cng Rotterdam) bm st lch giao hng. Indonsia thnh lp trung tm mu dch v phn phi ca mnh Rotterdam, trung tm c quan h cht ch vi cng bin, sn bay v gi vai tr m ca vo Chu u ca mt hng dt may xut khu vo th trng ny, trung tm cng ng ra lo liu a im cho cc cuc trng

by trin lm v cc mc ch thng mi khc. y l vn ti cn thit doanh nghip cnh tranh vi cc i th khc. Ngoi nhng gii php trn, Nh nc cn hon thin v xy dng cc vn bn c lin quan n vic m bo v nng cao cht lng sn phm, thng xuyn t chc cc hi tr, trin lm. ng thi Nh nc cn thc y mnh m hn na vic ci tin h thng php lut to mi trng php l an ton cho doanh nghip hot ng, m bo quyn li cho c ngi tiu dng v ngi kinh doanh, to sn chi v lut chi cho tht s cng bng v thun li cho cc hot ng kinh t ni chung v cho lnh vc qun tr cht lng ni ring. Trn y l mt s gii php c bn va c ngha trc mt va c ngha lu di nhm khc phc nhng hn ch v thc y hot ng sn xut kinh doanh pht trin c bit l gia cng xut khu cng ty c phn may L Trc. thc hin tt nhng gii php ny i hi phi c s n lc ca tp th cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty v c s h tr t pha Nh nc.

kt lun
a nn kinh t vo qu o cht lng ni chung, cng nh a cc doanh nghip thuc mi thnh phn kinh t ca nc ta vo qu o cht lng ni ring cn c bit ch pht huy 3 nhn t c bn l con ngi, cng ngh v QTCL, ng thi phi kt hp hi ho mi quan h hu c gia 3 nhn t ny c th to nn ng lc tng hp mnh m a nc ta tng bc i ln thot khi s tr tr, yu km v cht lng trong nhiu thp nin qua. iu ny s mang li s tin tng cho ngi tiu dng trong nc v quc t v cht lng sn phm ca cc doanh nghip nc ta. Bn cnh to cho nn kinh t nhiu thnh phn ang khi sc ca nc ta mt sc sng lnh mnh, y tim nng, to iu kin thun li p ng kp thi nhu cu ca x hi, ca ngi tiu dng trong nc cng nh ca cc th trng nc ngoi m ta mun vn ti trong tin trnh hi nhp 1 cch bnh ng vi cc nc trn th gii. Trong iu kin t do bun bn, t do cnh tranh ca nc ta hin nay, hu ht cc doanh nghip u nhn thc r vai tr quan trng ca cht lng sn phm i vi qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. Cng ty c phn may L Trc l 1 trong nhng doanh nghip nh vy, Ban lnh o Cng ty nhn nh "cht lng sn phm l mi quan tm hng u, l nhn t quan trng tn ti v pht trin trong tnh hnh mi". m bo cht lng sn phm n nh v pht trin m rng quy m sn xut, tng ngn sch, tit kim chi ph, h gi thnh sn phm, nng cao hiu qu kinh t th cc doanh nghip cn phi lm tt cng tc QTCL. Cng ty c phn may L Trc l 1 doanh nghip ln ca ngnh may, tuy mi thnh lp ring c 5 nm song hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh v cht lng sn phm ca Cng ty lun n nh v khng ngng pht trin c du hiu tng trng cao nh i ng lao ng tr tui, nng ng, sng to, tay ngh cao, cn b qun l c trnh , kinh nghim v Ban lnh o sng sut, ch o tn tnh tng ng i nc bc trong tng khu hot ng ca Cng ty. Mc tiu trong thi gian

ti ca cng ty l khng ngng nng cao cht lng sn phm, hon thnh nhim v sn xut kinh doanh ra v chim lnh c th phn trong nc v mt s th trng tim nng ln nc ngoi... Trong thi gian thc tp ti Cng ty C phn may L Trc, da trn c s l lun khoa hc QTKD v phn tch nh gi tnh hnh, thc trng cht lng sn phm v cng tc QTCLSP ca Cng ty. Trong nhng nm qua cng vi mong mun bc u, vn dng kin thc hc, em mnh dn xut mt s phng hng v bin php c bn nhm m bo v nng cao CLSP ca Cng ty. ng trn mt gc nh, em hy vng nhng bin php ny s em li li ch, tng mi v gp phn a cng ty vng bc pht trin trong tng lai. Trong qu trnh hon thnh ti kho lun ny, em nhn c s gip , hng dn tn tnh ca thy Hong Vn Liu v cc c ch, anh ch trong Cng ty C phn may L Trc. Mc d em c nhiu c gng nhng do trnh hiu bit thc t cn hn ch nn kho lun khng th khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em rt mong nhn c s gip , ch bo cng nh s thng cm ca cc thy c, cc c ch, cc anh ch trong Cng ty c phn may L Trc kho lun tt nghip ca em, c hon thin hn. Em xin chn thnh cm n ! H Ni, thng 5 nm 2005 S.V thc hin

Nguyn Hng Thu

ti liu tham kho

1. Qun l cht lng sn phm theo TQM & ISO - 9000. PGS.TS Nguyn Quc C; Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut 2. Qun l cht lng ng b. Tc gi: Johns.Oakland; Nh xut bn thng k 3. Qun l cht lng trong cc t chc. GS-TS. Nguyn nh Phan; Nh xut bn gio dc. 4. Qun l cht lng ton din Tc gi: T Th Kiu An - Ng Th nh - Nguyn Hong Vit - inh Phng Vng ; Nh xut bn thng k 5. ISO - 9000: 2000 Tc gi: Ph c Tr - Phm Hng ; Nh xut bn KH&KT' 6. Chin lc thnh cng ca cc Cng ty ln Tc gi: Prahalad, Yves Doz; Nh xut bn vn ho thng tin 7. Qun l c hiu qu theo phng php Deming Tc gi: Nguyn Trung Tnh & Phm Phng Hoa. NXB Thng k (1996) 8. Qun tr sn xut & tc nghip. TS: Trng on Th; Nh xut bn thng k 9. Mt s ti liu vn bn do cng ty c phn may L Trc cung cp. 10. Kho lun tt nghip nhng nm trc

nhn xt ca c s thc tp
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nhn xt ca ging vin hng dn

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mc lc
Trang Li ni u ............................................................................................................... 1 Chng I: Nhng vn c bn v cht lng v nng cao cht lng sn phm trong cc doanh nghip cng nghip ..... 3 1.1. Khi nim, phn loi v vai tr ca cht lng sn phm trong doanh nghip cng nghip ...................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1. Khi nim v phn loi cht lng sn phm ..................................................... 3 1.1.1.1. Khi nim ......................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1.2. Phn loi cht lng sn phm ........................................................................ 5 1.1.2. Vai tr ca cht lng sn phm ........................................................................ 6 1.2. c im v h thng ch tiu nh gi cht lng sn phm ........................ 7 1.2.1. c im ca cht lng sn phm .................................................................... 7 1.2.2. H thng ch tiu phn nh cht lng sn phm ............................................... 8 1.3. Nng cao cht lng sn phm l bin php c bn tng kh nng cnh tranh ca doanh nghip ........................................................................................... 10 1.3.1. Cc nhn t tc ng n cht lng sn phm ............................................... 10 1.3.1.1. Nhm nhn t bn trong doanh nghip ......................................................... 11 1.3.1.2. Nhm nhn t bn ngoi doanh nghip ......................................................... 13 1.3.2. Cc bin php ch yu nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm .......................... 15 1.3.2.1. ng dng tin b khoa hc k thut vo sn xut ......................................... 15 1.3.2.2. Pht huy thc, nng cao tay ngh cho i ng cng nhn ......................... 16 1.3.2.3. Nng cao trnh qun l, c bit l qun l k thut ................................. 17 1.3.2.4. Nghin cu th trng nh hng cht lng sn phm .......................... 17 1.3.2.5. Cc chnh sch ca Nh nc ......................................................................... 17 1.3.3. ngha ca vic nng cao cht lng sn phm .............................................. 18 1.4. Qun tr cht lng sn phm l mt lnh vc quan trng m bo nng cao cht lng sn phm .......................................................................................... 20

1.4.1. Khi nim, bn cht v nhim v ca qun tr CLSP ....................................... 20 1.4.1.1. Khi nim v QTCL ....................................................................................... 20 1.4.1.2. Bn cht ca QTCL ........................................................................................ 21 1.4.1.3. Nhim v ca qun tr cht lng................................................................... 22 1.4.2. Nhng yu cu ch yu trong QTCL................................................................. 23 1.4.3. Cc chc nng c bn ca qun tr cht lng .................................................. 24 1.4.3.1. Chc nng hoch nh cht lng (P - Plan) .................................................. 24 1.4.3.2. Chc nng t chc thc hin (D - Do) ............................................................ 25 1.4.3.3. Chc nng kim tra, kim sot (C - Check) ................................................... 25 1.4.3.4. Chc nng iu chnh v ci tin (A - Action) ............................................... 26 1.4.4. Ni dung ca qun tr cht lng trong cc doanh nghip ............................... 27 1.4.4.1. Qun tr cht lng trong khu thit k .......................................................... 27 1.4.4.2. Qun tr cht lng trong khu cung ng ....................................................... 28 1.4.4.3. Qun tr cht lng trong khu sn xut ....................................................... 28 1.4.4. Qun tr cht lng trong v sau khi bn hng .................................................. 28 1.4.5. Vai tr ca QTCL vi vic nng cao cht lng sn phm .............................. 29 1.5. S cn thit phi qun tr nh hng cht lng cc doanh nghip Vit Nam hin nay ............................................................................................................. 30 1.5.1. S cn thit QTCL nh hng theo ISO - 9000................................................ 30 1.5.2. Qun tr nh hng cht lng sn phm l iu kin thit yu cc doanh nghip Vit Nam hot ng c hiu qu trong c ch kinh t hin nay ..................... 31 Chng II: Thc trng cht lng sn phm v qun tr cht lng sn phm ti cng ty c phn may L Trc ......................... 33 2.1. Gii thiu tng qut v cng ty C phn may L Trc .................................. 33 2.1.1. qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca cng ty C phn may L Trc ............. 33 2.1.2. Nhim v sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty C phn may L Trc trong mt s nm gn y ................................................................................................................. 34 2.1.3. Kt qu v hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty C phn may L Trc 35 2.1.4. Mt s c im kinh t - k thut ch yu nh hng n cht lng sn phm v qun l cht lng sn phm ca cng ty ..................................................... 39

2.1.4.1. c im v c cu t chc b my ca cng ty ........................................... 39 2.1.4.2. c im v sn phm .................................................................................... 44 2.1.4.3. c im v th trng tiu th ...................................................................... 44 2.1.4.4. c im v nguyn vt liu .......................................................................... 46 2.1.4.5. c im v my mc thit b v quy trnh cng ngh ca cng ty C phn may L Trc................................................................................................................. 48 2.1.4.6. c im v lao ng .................................................................................... 52 2.1.4.7. c im v ngun vn kinh doanh .............................................................. 54 2.2. Thc trng cht lng sn phm v QTCLSP ti cng ty C phn may L Trc ............................................................................................................................. 56 2.2.1. Phn tch tnh hnh cht lng sn phm ti cng ty C phn may L Trc trong thi gian qua ....................................................................................................... 56 2.2.1.1. Tnh hnh cht lng bn thnh phm phn xng ct ............................... 57 2.2.1.2. Tnh hnh cht lng bn thnh phm phn xng thu, in ........................ 59 2.2.1.3. Tnh hnh cht lng sn phm phn xng may ........................................ 60 2.2.1.4. H s ch tiu nh gi cht lng sn phm ca cng ty C phn may L Trc .............................................................................................................................. 60 2.2.2. Thc trng cht lng mt s sn phm ca cng ty ........................................ 64 2.2.2.1. sn phm o Jacket ........................................................................................ 64 2.2.2.2. sn phm o s mi .......................................................................................... 65 2.2.3. Phn tch cng tc qun tr cht lng sn phm ca cng ty C phn may L Trc trong thi gian qua .............................................................................................. 66 2.2.3.1. Qun tr cht lng nguyn vt liu ............................................................... 67 2.2.3.2. Qun tr cht lng trong sn xut ................................................................ 67 2.2.3.3. Cng tc qun tr nhn lc .............................................................................. 68 2.2.3.4. Cng tc qun l v i mi cng ngh ......................................................... 68 2.2.3.5. Cng tc kim tra cht lng sn phm ........................................................ 69 2.3. Qu trnh xy dng v thc hin h thng qun tr cht lng ti cng ty C phn may L Trc .............................................................................................. 72 2.3.1. Hnh trnh n vi ISO - 9000 ca cng ty C phn may L Trc ................... 72

2.3.2. Nhng ni dung chnh ca qu trnh xy dng v trin khai h thng QTCL . 73 2.3.3. Tnh hnh thc hin ............................................................................................ 74 2.3.4. Nhng ni dung chnh thc hin .................................................................. 74 2.3.5. Nhng kh khn khi p dng ISO - 9002 .......................................................... 79 2.4. nh gi chung v cht lng sn phm v cng tc QTCL cng ty C phn may L Trc ..................................................................................................... 79 2.4.1. V u im ........................................................................................................ 80 2.4.1.1. Cht lng sn phm ..................................................................................... 80 2.4.1.2. V cng tc qun l cht lng ...................................................................... 81 2.4.2. V nhc im................................................................................................... 82 2.4.2.1. V cht lng sn phm ................................................................................ 82 2.4.2.2. V cng tc qun l cht lng ...................................................................... 83 Chng III: Mt s bin php nhm m bo v nng cao cht lng sn phm ti cng ty C phn may L Trc ......................... 85 3.1. Phng hng kinh doanh ca cng ty trong thi gian ti .......................... 85 3.1.1. Mc tiu chin lc ........................................................................................... 85 3.1.1.1. Mc tiu cht lng ........................................................................................ 85 3.1.1.2. Mc tiu kinh doanh ..................................................................................... 85 3.1.2. K hoch hnh ng ca cng ty nm 2005...................................................... 86 3.2. Mt s bin php nhm m bo v nng cao cht lng sn phm cng ty C phn may L Trc ........................................................................................... 87 3.2.1. Cc gii php ch yu nng cao cht lng sn phm cng ty C phn may L Trc......................................................................................................................... 87 3.2.1.1. C cu li b my qun l cht lng ............................................................ 87 3.2.1.2. Tip tc o to cc kin thc v QTCL cho cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty ......................................................................................................................... 88 3.2.1.3. Thc hin chnh sch khuyn khch vt cht, tinh thn nhn vin ................ 90 3.2.1.4. i mi trang thit b, ng b ho dy truyn sn xut .............................. 92 3.2.1.5. Tm kim cc ngun c th cung cp nguyn ph liu n nh, c uy tn ..... 93 3.2.1.6. Thnh lp phng marketing ............................................................................ 94

3.2.1.7. Xy dng chuyn tip h thng qun tr cht lng theo b tiu chun ISO 9000:2000 .................................................................................................................... 96 3.2.2. Mt s kin ngh i vi Nh nc ................................................................. 102 3.2.2.1. u t pht trin ngnh dt, c s cn i gia ngnh dt v may ............. 102 3.2.2.2. Ci cch cc th tc hnh chnh .................................................................. 102 3.2.2.3. Nh nc cn c cc chnh sch u i nhm thc y cc hot ng gia cng ........................................................................................................................... 103 3.2.2.4. Tng cng cung cp thng tin khoa hc cng ngh v ngnh dt may ...... 103 3.2.2.5. Thnh lp t chc xc tin thng mi ........................................................ 104 Kt lun ................................................................................................................ 105 Ti liu tham kho ......................................................................................... 107

Kho Kho lun tt nghip

Nguyn Hng Thu

Biu 2.3: nh gi tc tng trng ca cng ty trong mt s nm gn y.

STT 1

Ch tiu Gi tr sn xut CN Tng doanh thu

VT Tr. Tr. Tr. Tr. Tr. USD USD Tr.

2001 18134 36003 34179 1824 224

2002 20992 38554 36574 1980` 302

2003 23264 41546 39156 2390 361

2004 34885 54090 51140 2950 624

Tc pht trin 2002/2001 2003/2001 2004/2001 116% 107% 107% 109% 135% 120% 114% 135% 114% 128% 115% 115% 131% 161% 158% 110% 161% 129% 192% 150% 150% 162% 279% 188% 133% 279% 169%

Doanh thu XK Doanh thu N

3 4 5 6 7

Np ngn sch NN Kim ngch XK Kim ngch NK Li nhun

1224973 1475600 5969474 6813343 1035 850 1396 965

1934220 2305008 6586700 7934740 1670 1094 2890 1438

Thu nhp bnh qun Ng./thng