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SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

BI S 1:KHO ST CH
CT CHM (THP M)
I.

Mc ch th nghim:
Kho st c tnh ng lc hc lu cht v kh nng hot ng ca thp m bng

cch xc nh:
- nh hng ca vn tc kh v lng ln gim p sut ca dng kh qua ct.
- S bin i ca h s ma st fck trong ct theo chun s Reynolds Rec ca dng
kh v suy ra cc h thc thc nghim.
- S bin i ca tha s lin h gia gim p ca dng kh khi ct kh v
khi ct t vi vn tc dng chy.

II.

L thuyt th nghim:

2.1. Cu to
Thp m l mt thp hnh tr gm nhiu gia on ni vi nhau bng mt bch hay
hn. Vt m y trong thp theo mt trong hai phng php: xp ngu nhin hay xp
th t.
Vt m s dng ph bin :
Vng Rasching
Vt m hnh yn nga
Vt m vng xon
2.2. S chuyn ng ca lu cht qua thp m
Khi cht lng chuyn ng t trn xung v pha kh chuyn ng t di c th
xy ra 4 ch thy lc:
Ch mng
Ch treo
Ch nh tng
Ch ko theo
2.2.1. gim p khi ct kh

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

PC Gn ( vi n = 1.8 - 2)
lgPC/Z = nlgG lgZ
y l phng trnh ng thng c h s gc n
2.2.2. gim p khi ct kh
Trong giai on u lng cht lng b gi li trong thp l khng i theo tc
kh. Giai on k tip lng cht lng b gi li trong thp tng nhanh theo tc kh,
cc ch trng trong thp nh dn v gim p ca pha kh tng nhanh.
2.3. Tha s ma st Fck theo Rec khi ct kh
Tha s ma st fck l hm s theo chun s Re vi Re :
Rec = G*De/ = 4G/a
Trong : : nht ca dng kh, kg/m.s
Zhavoronkow xc nh c kh dng kh chuyn t ch chy tng sang
chy ri ng vi tr s Rec = 50. Trong vng chy ri 50 < Re < 7000 vi ct chm ngu
nhin th:
fck = 3.8/Re0.2
Trong vng chy dng Re < 50 th h s ma st c tnh: fck = 140/Re
2.4. gim p Pc khi ct t
Pc = Pck

S lin h:

fc = fck
2.5. im lt ca ct chm
1
2

f ck .a.v 2 .. G

2 g. L
3

L
G

0.2

G
L

Trong : fck = c tnh t h thc lin h vi Re.

= vn tc di ca kh ngay trc khi vo ct chm.

= nht tng i ca cht lng so vi nc.

H thng hp thu lng kh DIDACTA

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

M hnh th nghim

Cc bc tin hnh
M van cho nc vo trong bnh cha (kha van 11).
M cc van 14 v 6, kha van 5.
M bm lng n khi nc qua van 6 chy ngc vo bnh cha th ngng bm
v kha van 6.
Kha van 23, m van 22, sau m my nn thi ht lng nc cn ng
trong cc khe ca vt m. Sau khong 5 pht, chun b lm th nghim khi ct kh.

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

o gim p khi ct kh
-

Kha van 22 thay i lng kh qua ct. ng vi 6 gi tr lu lng kh ghi

li 6 gi tr Pck trn p k thy ngn. iu chnh lu lng t mc cao xung thp


m bo iu kin lm vic ca my nn.
-

Sau khi tin hnh xong th nghim ct kh tt my nn.


o gim p ca dng kh khi ct t

M van 13 v 6. Bt bm lng, iu chnh van 14 gi lu lng lng

khng i.
-

M van 22, m my nn a khng kh vo thp.

Kha dn van 22 thay i lu lng kh G tng ng vi cc gi tr G khi o

ct kh v c Pc trn p k.
-

Lp li 5 gi tr khc nhau ca L. Nu xy ra hin tng ngp lt th tt my

Sau khi lm xong th nghim ngng my tt bm, my nn m van 5 x ht

nn.
cht lng cn li trong thp ra ngoi.

III.

Bo co th nghim:

1. Kt qu th nghim
Bng 1: Kt qu th nghim trn ct kh:
STT

Pck (N/m2)

(kg/m2.s)
1

0,097

0,98.105

0,194

1,96.105

0,293

2,94.105

0,39

4,9.105

0,487

7,84.105

0,584

10,79.105

Bng 2: Kt qu th nghim trn ct t:

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

0,004

Llng (l/s)

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

0,053

G(

STT

0,067

0,08

0,093

Pc (N/m2)

kg/s.m )

0,097

2,02. 105

2,94. 105

2,94.105

2,94. 105

9,81. 105

0,194

4,9. 105

6,86. 105

9. 105

9,81. 105

23,53. 105

0,293

9,81. 105

11,76. 105

18,63. 105

20,6. 105

39,62. 105

0,39

21,33. 105

25,15. 105

39,22. 105

44,62. 105

71. 105

0,487

37,26. 105

48,55. 105

76,5. 105

80,95. 105

128,17. 105

0,584

58,82. 105

60,89.

122,39. 105

128,24. 105

205,88. 105

2. X l s liu
i n v:
1N/m2 = 1Pa = 1,02.10-6 mmH2O
m3 1.1000 l
kg
1

D2 2
h
60 pht
3600s.
m
4
D 80 mm

Z = 1.6 m
760
mmHg
1033
1mmHg 1,33.10 2 Pa
1cmH 2O

Cng thc tnh Re:


Re

4G
a

(2)

Vi:
a: din tch b mt ring ca vt chm, m3/m2; a = 360 m3/m2
k: nht ca dng kh, kg/m.s; = 0,187 Ns/m2

VD: Re

4.0,097
0,00576
360.0,187

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

Cng thc tnh fck:


Do Re < 50
=> fck =

140
Re

(3)

VD : fck = 140/0,00576= 24305,56


Cng thc tnh fc:
fc = .fck

(4)

Vi =

Pcu
Pck

VD: =

Pcu
2,02.105
2,06 => fc = .fck = 2,06.24305,56 = 50068,63
=
0,98.105
Pck

3. Bng kt qu tnh ton v th minh ha


Kt qu tnh ton ct kh
G,
kg/m2.s

Log G

Pck/Z,

log(P/Z),

N/m2 / m

N/m2 / m

Reck

fck

0,097

-1,013

0,61.105

4,79

0,0058 24305,56

0,194

-0,712

1,23. 105

5,09

0,0115 12145,36

0,293

-0,533

1,84. 105

5,26

0,0174

8041,64

0,39

-0,409

3,06. 105

5,49

0,0232

6041,54

0,487

-0,312

4,90. 105

5,69

0,0289

4838,19

0,584

-0,234

6,74. 105

5,83

0,0347

4034,59

th log (Pck/Z) theo log G

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

th fck theo Re

3.2.Kt qu tnh ton ct t:


S lin h gia gim p kh Pc = .Pck vi:

STT

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

2.06

3.00

3.00

3.00

10.01

2.50

3.50

4.59

5.01

12.01

3.34

4.00

6.34

7.01

13.48

4.35

5.13

8.00

9.11

14.49

4.75

6.19

9.76

10.33

16.35

5.45

5.64

11.34

11.89

19.08

Kt qu tnh ton fc cho ct t


Llng (l/s)

0.004

0.053

0.067

0.08

0.093

STT

Rec

fc

1.40

50068.63

72872.16

72872.16

72872.16

238291.98

2.81

30363.40

42508.76

55769.51

60788.77

285780.34

4.24

26832.81

32166.55

50957.73

56346.17

318609.71

5.64

26299.19

31009.12

48356.97

55014.99

428949.23

7.05

22993.76

29961.00

47209.41

49955.58

620111.20

8.45

21993.93

22767.95

45763.98

47951.41

830641.19

0.067

0.08

0.093

3.3. Kt qu tnh ton log (Pc /Z) cho ct t:


Llng (l/s)

0.004

0.053

STT

log G

log (Pc /Z)

-1,013

5,1

5,26

5,26

5,26

5,79

-0,712

5,49

5,63

5,75

5,79

6,17

-0,533

5,79

5,87

6,07

6,11

6,39

-0,409

6,12

6,2

6,39

6,45

6,65

-0,312

6,37

6,48

6,68

6,7

6,9

-0,234

6,57

6,58

6,88

6,9

7,11

th log (Pc /Z) theo log G

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

4. Bn lun
Da vo th v s liu thc nghim ta thy:
- i vi ct kh: khi G tng th gim p tng theo ng thng.
- i vi ct t: khi G tng th gim p cng tng theo nhng chia thnh tng
vng r rt nh gin trong l thuyt cp. Khi lu lng lng cng tng th ct
cng d gn n im lt hn. T th thu c ta thy vng sau im gia trng th gi
tr P tng ln rt nhanh, t ngt. on thng trong vng ny rt dc nn ta rt kh vn
hnh ct chm ch nh tng ny mc d ct chm hot ng tt nht ch .
Gin f theo Re c lp nhm biu din s ph thuc ca tr lc vo lu
lng ca dng lu cht. Nu lu lng ca dng lu cht cng ln th th h s ma st f
gia hai pha cng tng. Lp th nhm xc nh c lu lng hp l vn hnh ct,
tr lc nh v thu c hiu sut truyn khi tt nht gia hai pha vi nhau m ct
vn khng b lt. Tuy nhin trong th trn th ta li thy iu ngc li tc l khi lu
lng tng ln th tr lc li gim dn, kt qu ny thu c do nh hng ca sai s

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

trong qu trnh th nghim. Nu bit mt trong hai gi tr Re hoc f th c th dng th


c th dng th xc nh gi tr cn li nh sau:
T gi tr f hoc Re bit k mt ng thng theo phng ngang hoc theo
phng ng, ct th f-Re ti mt im. T giao im , k mt ng thng vung
gc vi trc cn li th s xc nh c gi tr cn tm.
S lin h gia cc i tng tng i gn vi d on. C th l cc mi lin h
sau:
- Log(Pck/Z) - logG: l ph thuc tuyn tnh vi nhau theo ng thng ging
nh l thuyt nhn nh.
- Pc/Z - G cng gn nh c chia thnh hai hng r rt: vng di im gia
trng v vng trn im gia trng. vng di im gia trng th P tng chm v u dn
nn cc im ny thu c gn nh cng nm trn mt ng thng. Vng trn im gia
trng th P tng nhanh, t ngt nn on thng rt dc; nu tng lu lng lng v kh
ln cao na th s tin n im lt ca ct.
- Log - L: hon ton ph thuc tuyn tnh vi nhau nn c th hin thnh mt
ng thng trn th. Ph hp vi l thuyt cp n.
Tuy nhin trong qu trnh lm th nghim cng c nhiu sai s. Nhng nguyn
nhn c th dn n sai s l do:
- Lu lng dng lng khng n nh.
- Lu lng dng kh khng n nh.
- Ct nc duy tr y ct khng m bo yu cu lm cho mc nc xm nhp
vo ng o chnh p lm nh hng n kt qu.
- Ma st gia dng kh c tc ln vi ng dn lm cho ng nng ln v lm
tng th tch kh lm tng p sut cng nh hng n chnh p.

10

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

BI S 2:CHNG GIN ON
KHNG HON LU
Mc ch th nghim:

I.

Qu trnh chng ct gin on khng hon lu nhm kho st s nh hng ca cc


thng s sau:
Hiu sut thp chng khi tin hnh khng hi lu
S bin i nng sn phm nh theo thi gian chng ct

L thuyt th nghim:

II.

1. nh ngha hon lu
Chng l phng php dng tch cc hn hp cht lng, kh lng thnh cc cu t
ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc cu t trong hn hp (cng nhit , p
sut hi ca cc cu t khc).
Chng th dung mi v cht tan u bay hi, c c th ch c dung mi bay hi cn
cht tan khng bay hi.
Khi chng trng hp 2 cu t ta s thu c sn phm nh gm cc cu t c
bay hi ln v mt phn rt t cu t c bay hi b, sn phm y gm cu t c
bay hi b v mt phn rt t c bay hi ln.

2. Cn bng vt cht
Xt qu trnh chng gin on, thnh phn v lng sn phm lun thay i theo thi
gian.
Lng hn hp u l

kg, thnh phn cu t d bay hi trong hn hp u l

Ti mt thi im bt k lng cht lng trong ni chng l

vi nng l . Khi

bc hi mt lng v cng nh dw th nng trong ni s gim i mt lng

11

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

lng cht lng cn li trong ni l

. Nh vy lng cu t d bay hi trong ni

ti thi im ang xt l: ( -dW)( -

Lng cu t d bay hi chuyn vo pha hi l: .


Phng trnh cn bng vt liu i vi cu t d bay hi thi im ang xt:

Lng

rt b ta c th b qua c, n gin i ta c:

Phng trnh cho ton b qu trnh l:


_

F W D

x F . F xW .W x . D

3. Cn bng nng lng


3.1.

Cn bng nhit lng ton thp


QF +QK = QD +QW +Qm +Qng
QK = QD + QW +Qm +Qng -QF

QK: nhit lng cung cp cho ni un, W


Qm: nhit lng mt mt do mi trng xung quanh (W). c ly t 5% n 10%
nhit lng cn cung cp.
QF: nhit lng do dng nhp liu mang vo, W

QF F .C PF .t F

QD: nhit lng do dng sn phm nh mang ra, W

QD D .C PD .t D

QW: nhit lng do dng sn phm y mang ra, W


_

QW W .CPR .tW

Qng: nhit lng trao i trong thit b ngng t, W


_

Qng D .rD

12

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

C PF , C PD , C PW : nhit lng ring ca nhp liu, sn phm nh, sn phm y, J/kg..

t F , t D , tW : nhit ca nhp liu, sn phm nh, sn phm y, 0C.

rD : nhit ha hi ca sn phm nh, kJ/kg

3.2.

Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b ngng t

i vi qu trnh ngng t khng lm lnh:


_

Qng D .rD G.C.(t r tv ) Qm

i vi qu trnh ngng t lm lnh:

Qng D .rD D .C PD .(t S D t D ) G.C.(t r tv ) Qm


0
Trong : t v , t r : nhit vo v ra ca nc, C

G: lu lng dng gii nhit, kg/s


C: nhit dung ring ca dng gii nhit, J/kg/
0

t S D : nhit si hn hp sn phm nh, C

4. Nguyn tc v s chng gin on khng hon lu


Trong qu trnh chng n gin hi nc c ly ra ngay v cho ngng t.

13

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

5. M hnh chng ct
H thng chng ct 7 mm xuyn l

6. Tin hnh th nghim

14

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

M van W tho ht sn phm y ni un v o ru bng ph k.Sau ly


cn 960 pha vi sn phm y thnh ru 200 ri y bnh cha nhp liu.o
li ru bnh nhp liu ri ghi vo bng kt qu ru nhp liu VF.
ng cu dao tng ca h thng,m cng tc in ca ngun chnh.ng khong
van hon lu N1 ca bm nhp liu,m van N3,N5 ng van N2 v van N4.M
bm nhp liu bm ru vo ni un cho n khi mc lng trong ng ch mc ti
vch khong ni un.Khi hn hp di ni un di vch trng (1/3) ni un
s chy in tr ni un,lun lun phi ch mc cht lng trong ni un
M cng tc gia nhit ni un, ch ni un si.Khi hn hp si ta m van nc
GN cho thit b ngng t.
Dng th k o thi gian c 3 pht ta tin hnh o nhit ni un , nhit sn
phm nh ,lng sn phm nh thu c qua bnh cha sn phm nh v nng
sn phm nh.Xc nh nng sn phm nh bng cch m van D ly
mu sn phm vo ng ong v o nng bng ph k.
Khi sn phm thu c khong 200ml th dng th nghim.
Ngng my
Tt gia nhit ni un.
Tho sn phm nh bnh cha cn.
Tt van nc GN cho thit b ngng t qua sn phm nh.
Ngt cng tc in vo h thng.
Ngt cu dao in ca h thng.

7. H thng chng ct DVI 3000 v cc bc tin hnh th nghim


Ha trn 5 lt hn hp nhp liu c nng cn l 150.
dung dch vo ni un qua np ni,o nng nhp liu sau mi ln vo
ly gi tr trung bnh.
ng cht np ni.
M cng tc in chnh,n trng c kch hot.
M h thng nc gii nhit.

15

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

M cng tc tng bng cch m nt kha khn cp v nhn vo nt bm mu


xanh.
Thit lp gi tr trn b iu khin PID ca lu lng dng gii nhit.
M in tr ni un.
Ci t gim p ca thp chng ct gi tr thp nht 10mB trn b iu khin
PID.
Chuyn cng tc chia dng hon lu sang ch Reflux hi lu hon ton.
Sau khi t trng thi n nh ( khong 30 n 45 pht ) chuyn cng tc chia
dng hon lu sang ch Draw off khng hon lu v thu sn phm nh.
i 15 pht o th tch v nng sn phm thu c.
Ci t gi tr P mc bng 12mB v i thm khong 15 pht ly mu o.
Tng t tin hnh th nghim vi cc gi tr P khc nhau.
Lu : trong s trng hp mc d gi tr nhit dc theo thp chng ct khng thay
i nhng trng thi n nh c th cha t c bi v cc gi tr thnh phn ca cc
pha thay i rt chm.V vy thi gian lm vic ko di hn v d dng hn xc nh
thi gian ly mu ng vi mi 15 pht.

III.

Bo co th nghim:

1. Kt qu th nghim
Bng kt qu th nghim nng v nng sut:
STT

(s)

vF
(%V)

VF (lt)

vD

(mB)

(%V)

VD (lt)

vW
(%V)

G (l/s)

15

10

300

900

15

4,17

10

82

0,1

13

300

1800

13

3,762

12

86

0,173

12

300

2700

12

3,497

14

74

0,178

11

300

3600

11

3,256

16

65

0,162

10

300

4500

10

3,053

18

58,5

0,132

300

16

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

Bng kt qu th nghim nhit


STT

T1 0C

T2 0C

T3 0C

T4 0C

T5 0C

T7 0 C

T8 0C

90,7

81,7

77,09

76,7

77,5

29,1

29,4

91,5

89,6

81,07

78,1

78,3

29,2

29,4

92,8

91,5

87,9

87

85,8

29,2

29,7

94,3

93,3

90,5

89,5

88,8

29,1

29,8

95,9

94,8

91,3

91,4

90,4

29,1

29,7

97,2

96,4

93,6

93,4

92,2

29

29,5

T2 0C: Nhit sn phm y.


T5 0C: Nhit sn phm nh.
T7 0C: Nhit dng gii nhit vo.
T8 0C: Nhit dng gii nhit ra.
2. X l s liu
Nng phn mol Etanol nhp liu

Nng phn khi lng Etanol nhp liu

Lng hn hp u

17

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

: khi lng ring ca ru nhp liu


Ni suy theo bng I.2 S tay QTTB tp 1 trang 9
vF (%)

t0 C

(kg/m3)

15

30

980,71

13

89,6

950,635

12

91,5

957,28

11

93,3

958,952

10

94,8

960,76

Nng phn mol Etanol sn phm nh

Nng phn khi lng Etanol sn phm nh

Lng sn phm nh

: khi lng ring ca ru sn phm nh


Ni suy theo bng I.2 S tay QTTB tp 1 trang 9
vD (%)

t0 C

18

(kg/m3)

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

82

78,3

788,72

86

85,8

772,408

74

88,8

800,384

65

90,4

821,935

58,5

92,2

837,1835

Lng sn phm y
p dng phng trnh cn bng vt cht.Ta c:

Nng phn mol Etanol sn phm y


p dng phng trnh cn bng vt cht.Ta c:

Din tch gii hn bi ng cong

Nhit lng do dng nhp liu mang vo

:nhit dung ring ca dng nhp liu

19

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

Ni suy theo bng I.154 S tay QTTB tp 1 trang 172


(J/kg)

vF (%)

t0 C

15

30

3938,4

13

89,6

4081,713

12

91,5

4093,704

11

93,3

4104,07

10

94,8

4114,59

Nhit lng do dng sn phm nh mang ra

:nhit dung ring ca dng sn phm nh


Ni suy theo bng I.154 S tay QTTB tp 1 trang 172
(J/kg)

vD (%)

t0 C

82

78,3

3403,54

86

85,8

3448,12

74

88,8

3580,2

65

90,4

3668,13

58,5

92,2

3733,455

Nhit lng do dng sn phm y mang ra

:nhit dung ring ca dng sn phm y


Ni suy theo bng I.154 S tay QTTB tp 1 trang 172
vW (%)

t0 C

13

89,6

20

(J/kg)
4081,713

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

12

91,5

4093,704

11

93,3

4104,07

10

94,8

4114,59

96,4

4131,096

Nhit lng cung cp cho ni un


p dng phng trnh cn bng nhit ton thp.Ta c:

Trong :
Qm : nhit lng mt mt ra mi trng xung quanh v thng c ly gn bng
khong 5% n 10% lng nhit cn cung cp.
Chn :
Qng : nhit lng trao i trong thit b ngng t

Trong :
G: lu lng khi lng dng gii nhit.Quy i n v t l/s sang kg/h.

: khi lng ring ca nc gii nhit (kg/m3)


Tra theo bng I.5 s tay QTTB tp 1 trang 11

C:nhit dung ring ca nc gii nhit. (J/kg)


Tra theo bng I.147 s tay QTTB tp 1 trang 165

21

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

T (1),(2) v (3) suy ra:

Nhit lng mt mt ra mi trng xung quanh

Nhit lng trao i trong thit b ngng t

Cc s liu sau x l tng t nh trn ta thu c bng kt qu


3. Bng kt qu tnh ton v th minh ha
Bng thnh phn cn bng lng hi v nhit si ca hai cu t Etanol H2O
760mmHg
x

t0 C

100

10

20

30

40

50

90

100

33.2 44.2 53.1 57.6 61.4 65.4 69.9 75.3 81.8

89.8

100

90.5 86.5 83.2 81.7 80.8

78.4

78.4

22

80

60

79.4

70

79

80

78.6

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

Kt qu tnh ton cn bng vt cht

STT

xF

xD
kg/kg

kg/kg

kg

kg

kg/kg

kg
kg

0.052

0.122

4.904

0.585

0.782

0.079

0.111

4.825

0.0162

0.044

0.106

3.964

0.655

0.829

0.134

0.080

3.831

0.0343

0.040

0.097

3.601

0.468

0.692

0.143

0.073

3.459

0.0404

0.037

0.089

3.354

0.364

0.594

0.133

0.068

3.220

0.0405

0.033

0.081

3.128

0.303

0.527

0.111

0.064

3.018

0.0360

23

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

Kt qu tnh ton cn bng nng lng


G

Qng

QF

QD

QW

QK

Qm

kg/h

kJ

kJ

kJ

kJ

kJ

kJ

0.0830

114.9848

579.3642

1764.4884

21.0192

0.0830

2.4163

1449.7741 1434.8134

39.5333

29.3357

2.3469

0.0830

2.1672

1348.9483 1324.4155

45.2938

24.9219

1.9938

0.0830

1.8093

1284.0706 1256.1210

44.1536

19.5795

1.5664

0.0830

2.0950

1220.2090 1201.7723

38.0396

23.5847

1.8868

STT

24

1436.0088 114.8807

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

4. Bn lun

25

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

BI S 3:TNH HC QU TRNH SY
I.

Mc ch th nghim:

Kho st s bin i thng s khng kh m v vt liu sy ca qu trnh sy l


thuyt.
Xc nh lng khng kh kh cn s dng v lng nhit cn thit cho qu trnh
sy l thuyt.
So snh v nh gi s khc nhau gia qu trnh sy thc t v qu trnh sy l
thuyt.

II.

L thuyt th nghim:

2.1. S nguyn l lm vic my sy bng khng kh:


Trong qu trnh sy nu dng tc nhn sy l khng kh th gi l sy bng khng
kh. Khi sy khng kh nng tip xc vi b mt vt liu m lm bc hi nc trong
vt liu m to thnh hn hp khng kh m thot ra ngoi.
S nguyn l lm vic ca my sy bng khng kh c m t trn hnh sau:

Vt liu ban u vn cn m cho qua ca v nh b phn vn chuyn a qua


phng sy. Khng kh bn ngoi c qut ht a vo caloriphe si ri vo phng
sy. Ti caloriphe si khng kh c un nng n nhit cn thit, khi vo

26

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

phng sy khng kh tip xc vi vt liu, cp nhit cho nc trong vt liu bc hi ra


ngoi.
Hn hp khng kh sau khi sy xong theo chiu ht ca qut thot ra ngoi. i
khi cn b sung nhit khng kh sy, nguwowid ta dung caloriphe b sung cp
nhit cho khng kh ngay thi phng sy.
2.2. Sy l thuyt:
n gin cho vic nghin cu qu trnh sy trc tin ta nghin cu qua v sy l
thuyt. Trong sy l thuyt coi cc i lng b sung v nhit tn tht u bng khng
ngha l

hay

Trong thc t nu thng gp trng hp nhit b sung bng nhit tn tht


, do

cng coi l sy l thuyt.

Khi phng trnh

ta s c:

Ta c phng trnh :
So snh hai phng trnh (1) v (2) ta c:
T ta c : :
V H >0 do
Vy khi sy l thuyt nhit lng ring ca khng kh khng thay i trong sut qu
trnh H= const (ng H), ni cch khc, trong qu trnh sy l thuyt, mt phn nhit ca
khng kh c b mt mt i cng ch lm bc hi nc trong vt liu, do H khng
i.
2.3. Sy thc t:
Trong sy thc t, lng nhit b sung chung khc vi nhit lng tn tht chung do
ta c:
Theo phng trnh:
Theo phng trnh:
Cn bng hai phng trnh ny:

27

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

T ta rt ra:
Hoc
Khi phn tch ngha ca i lng , ta s thy trong thc t c th xy ra ba
trng hp:
Nhit lng b sung ln hn nhit lng tn tht chung, tc l:

Do

Hay l
Theo biu thc (3) ta c:
Hoc
Nhit lng b sung chung khng b nhit lng tn tht chung, tc l:

Do

Hay l
Theo biu thc (3) ta c:
V I >0 do :
Nhit lng b sung chung bng nhit lng tn tht chung, y l trng hp
ca sy l thuyt nu phn trn, trong trng hp ny th
Tnh lng khng kh kh cn thit lm bc hi 1kg m theo cng thc:
(kg/kg m)
Nhit lng tiu tn ring cho ton b my sy l:
,(J/kg m)

28

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

Nhit lng tiu tn ring caloriphe si:


, (J/kg m)
Lng nhit tiu hao ring caloriphe b sung trong phng sy tnh theo cng
thc:
, J/kg m
2.4 M hnh th nghim:

A. Qut hng trc


B. in tr gia nhit (Caloriphe)
C. Cn
D. B iu khin nhit lng in tr cung cp
E. B iu chnh tc qut
F. Th k
G. Lu tc k

29

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

Tu. Nhit k bu t
Ts. Nhit k bu kh
2.5 Cc bc tin hnh th nghim:
Bt cng tc tng xc nh G0, mang i lm m nc vo ch o nhit
bu t, ghi cc gi tr bu kh, bu t ti thi im ban u iu chnh tc qut,
ch phng sy kh ci t cc mc nhit lng ca in tr khi n nh (10 pht)
th bt u tin hnh th nghim ghi cc gi tr: ch s cn, nhit bu kh, bu t
trong phng sy (ti thi im ban u v sau mi 15 pht) dng th nghim (khi khi
lng vt liu khng i sau 3 ln cn) chuyn cc nt iu chnh v trng thi 0,
ng cng tc tng
Tin hnh th nghim cc mc in tr 3, 5, 7, tc qut 4, 6, 8 theo bng s liu

3 Bo co th nghim:
1. Kt qu th nghim
Khi lng vt liu kh tuyt i: G0 = 0,089kg
STT

in
tr

Qut

4
5

im 0

im1

im 2

tk(0C) tu(0C) tk(0C) tu(0C) tk(0C) tu(0C)


33

27.7

33

29

36

28

35.7

30.5

39.8

29

39

37

27

31

27

32

27

Gd

Gc

(kg)

(kg)

0.2274 0.2178

3.75

0.217

0.2022

3.92

32

0.2152 0.1938

3.88

31.5

36

0.195

0.184

3.55

35.5

28.5

0.1745

0.156

4.38

2. X l s liu
3. Bng kt qu tnh ton
Tnh cn bng vt cht v nng lng.
STT

L thuyt

W
(Kg/kg)

(Kg/kg)

(Kg)

Llt(kg)

30

(m/s)

Qlt(kJ)

Thc t
Lth(kg)

Qth(kJ)

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

1.555056 1.447191 0.0096

1.438202

1.417978 1.177528 0.0214

7.37931

1.191011 1.067416

3.666667

0.960674 0.752809 0.0185 6.166667 43.16667 5.285714

1.27191

3.84

30.72

3.36

26.88

0.0148 4.228571 63.42857 3.664762 54.97143

0.011

31

140.2069 5.437387 103.3103


44

3.361111 40.33333
37

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

4. Bn lun
+ So snh bin i lng khng kh kh s dng ca qu trnh sy l thuyt v sy
thc t.
Nhit kh v nhit t thu c t hai ln th nghim k nhau c bin
thin nh lm cho vic tra H -

tr nn kh khn hn m lng khng kh kh l

thuyt ph thuc vo hm m ca khng kh trc khi vo my sy


khi my sy

v sau khi ra

nn lng khng kh kh l thuyt tng ng k. So vi lng

khng kh kh thc t th lng khng kh kh l thuyt ln hn nhiu, v vy qu


trnh sy cha t hiu qu cao.
+ nh gi s khc nhau gia nhit lng cn gia nhit ca qu trnh sy l thuyt v
sy thc t.
Nhit lng cn gia nhit cho qu trnh sy l thuyt ln hn so vi nhit lng
cn gia nhit ca qu trnh sy thc t, iu ny cho thy qu trnh sy din ra khng
t hiu sut nh mong mun.
+ nh gi s khc nhau v hm nhit ca khng kh sau khi ra khi thit b ca qu
trnh sy l thuyt v sy thc t.

32

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

Hm nhit ca khng kh tng theo th t trc khi vo caloriphe, sau khi qua
caloriphe v sau kh sy.
+ Nu cc nguyn nhn to nn s khc bit ca qu trnh sy l thuyt v sy thc t.
-

Do gin Ramzin H -

qu nh nn khi tra ta c H,

Thao tc tin hnh th nghim.

33

khng chnh xc.

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

BI S 4:NG HC QU TRNH SY
III.

Mc ch th nghim:

IV.

L thuyt th nghim:

V.

Bo co th nghim:

5. Kt qu th nghim
1.1 Sy mc in tr R = 4 (400C) G0 = 64 g
(ph)

Gi(g)

t(0C)

tk(0C)

153.8

28

33.8

149.2

26.9

33.8

144.2

26.9

33.8

136.8

26.5

33.8

12

133

26.5

33.8

15

128

26.5

33.8

18

124.6

26

33.8

21

120

26.5

33.8

24

113.6

26

33.8

27

107.2

26

33.8

30

100.8

26

33.8

33

96

26.2

33.8

36

92

26

33.8

39

86.2

26

33.8

42

86

26.1

33.8

1.2 Sy mc in tr R = 5 (500C) G0 = 52 g
(ph)

t(0C)

Gi(g)

34

tk(0C)

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

154.6

28

34

147.6

26

34.5

141

26

34.5

133.6

26

35

12

128.4

26

35

15

120.6

25.9

35

18

114.8

26

35

21

108.8

26

35

24

102.6

26.3

35

27

98.2

26.5

35

30

94

26.2

35

33

89

26.1

35

36

83.6

26

35

39

79.8

26

35

42

75

26

35

45

73

26.1

35

48

70

26

35

51

67.2

26

35

54

65

26

35

57

64

27

35

60

62.2

27

35

63

61.4

27

35

66

61

27

35

1.3 Sy mc in tr R = 6 (600C) G0 = 60 g
(ph)

Gi (g)

t(0C)

tk(0C)

135.6

28

34.5

35

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

131

27

35.8

124.2

27

35.8

118.8

27.1

36

12

111.4

27.2

36

15

105.4

27

36

18

99.4

27

36

21

93

27

36

24

80.6

27

35.5

27

74.2

27

35.2

30

68.4

27

35.2

33

64

27.1

35.5

36

64

27.1

35.5

6. X l s liu
A. Sy mc in tr R = 4 (400C) G0 = 64 g
Cc thng s ban u
-

Din tch b mt bay hi: F = 2.3.0,2.0,3= 0,36 ( m2)

Khi lng giy lc kh tuyt i: G0 = 64 g = 0,064 ( kg)

B mt ring khi lng vt liu: f = F/G0 = 0,36/0,064 = 5,625 (m2/kg).

m ca giy lc: w i

Gi G0
.100(%) .
G0

Gi l khi lng vt liu theo thi gian (g).


-

Vn tc ca khng kh trong bung sy:


vk = 11,3 (km/h) =

(m/s)

Bng kt qu tnh ton:


STT
1

140.31

36

143.75

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

133.13

156.25

125.31

231.25

113.75

118.75

12

107.81

156.25

15

100.00

106.25

18

94.69

143.75

21

87.50

200

24

77.50

200

10

27

67.50

200

11

30

57.50

150

12

33

50.00

125

13

36

43.75

181.25

14

39

34.69

6.25

15

42

34.38

6.25

34.38

6.25

16

42

37

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

ng cong tc sy

Xc nh m ti hn v m cn bng

38

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

m ti hn Wk:
Thc nghim: Wk=125,31(%/)
L thuyt: Wk

W1
140,31
Wc
34.38 112.33(%)
1,8
1,8

m cn bng: Wctn=34,38(%), Wclt=53,478(%)

Xc nh p sut hi bo ha Pb v p sut hi ring phn Ph


Tra theo gin H -

ca L.K Ramzin Sch QTTB tp 3 Truyn khi NXB HQG

HCM trang 271 .Ta c bng kt qu tra sau:

tk (0C)

t (0C)

Ph (mmHg)

Pb (mmHg)

33.8

28

19

37.78

33.8

26.9

19

36.21

33.8

26.9

19

36.21

33.8

26.5

19

36.04

33.8

26.5

19

36.04

33.8

26.5

19

36.04

33.8

26

19

35.55

33.8

26.5

19

36.04

33.8

26

19

35.55

33.8

26

19

35.55

33.8

26

19

35.55

33.8

26.2

19

35.78

33.8

26

19

35.55

33.8

26

19

35.55

33.8

26.1

19

35.67

33.8

26.1

19

35.67

Vy:

39

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

Xc nh cc thng s l thuyt
Xc nh cng bay hi m Jm
J m m .( pb ph ).

760
1
760
0 .Rv .N .
0,101753.(35.92 19).
1, 722047(kg / m2 .h)
B
100
760

Vi:
m: H s trao i m (kg/m2.h.mmHg)
Pb : p sut hi m trn b mt vt liu v bng p sut hi bo ha nhit bu
t (mmHg).
Ph : p sut ring phn ca hi nc trong khng kh (mmHg).
B : p sut trong phng sy, c ly bng vi p sut kh quyn (=760mmHg).
0 : Khi lng ring cht kh trong vt liu (kg/m3).

Rv : t s gia th tch v b mt vt liu (m3/m2).


N : tc sy ng tc (%/h).
Do qu trnh l sy i lu nn h s trao i m c th c xc nh theo
phng trnh thc nghim:

m 0,04075.v0,8 0,04075.3,13890,8 0,101753(kg / m2.h.mmHg)


k

vk: tc tc nhn sy 3,1389(m/s)

Xc nh tc sy
Thc nghim: NtN=81,39(%/h)

40

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

L thuyt: Nlt 100.J m . f 100.0,101753.

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

0.36
746,9119(% / h)
0.064

Xc nh h s K trong giai on gim tc


Trong Wc l m cn bng tm c ti im N = 0 trn ng cong tc sy
Thc nghim: KTN
L thuyt: K LT

Ni
81,39

0,895(1/ h)
Wk Wc 125,31 34,38

Ni
746,9119

8, 214(1/ h)
Wk Wc 112,3314 53, 478

Xc nh thi gian sy trong giai on ng tc v gim tc


Thc nghim:
Thi gian sy trong giai on ng tc:

W1 Wkqu
NTN

140,31 125,31
0,184(h)
81,39

Thi gian sy trong giai on gim tc:

W Wc
1
1
140.21 34,38
ln( kqu
)
ln(
) 0,6(h)
KTN
W2 Wc
0,895 125,31 34,38

Thi gian sy tng cng:


1 2 0, 784(h)

L thuyt:
Thi gian sy trong giai on ng tc:

W1 Wkqu
N LT

140.21 112.3314
0,037(h)
746,9119

Thi gian sy trong giai on gim tc:

W Wc
1
1
125.31 34.38
ln( kqu
)
ln(
) 0.084(h)
K LT
W2 Wc
8.214 112.3314 34.38

Thi gian sy tng cng:


1 2 0.121(h)

B. Sy mc in tr R = 5 (500C) G0 = 52 g

41

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

Cc cng thc tnh ton c s dng nh trn sy 400C


Vi cc bng kt qu v th sau:
STT
1

197.31

269.23

183.85

253.85

171.15

284.62

156.92

200.00

12

146.92

300.00

15

131.92

223.08

18

120.77

230.77

21

109.23

238.46

24

97.31

169.23

10

27

88.85

161.54

11

30

80.77

192.31

12

33

71.15

207.69

13

36

60.77

146.15

14

39

53.46

184.62

15

42

44.23

76.92

16

45

40.38

115.38

17

48

34.62

107.69

18

51

29.23

84.62

19

54

25.00

38.46

20

57

23.08

69.23

21

60

19.62

30.77

22

63

18.08

15.38

23

66

17.31

15.38

42

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

Bng tra p sut:


tk (0C)

t (0C)

Ph (mmHg)

Pb (mmHg)

34

28

23.77

37.78

43

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

34.5

26

24.1

35.55

34.5

26

24.1

35.55

35

26

24.44

35.55

35

26

24.44

35.55

35

25.9

24.44

35.49

35

26

24.44

35.55

35

26

24.44

35.55

35

26.3

24.44

35.83

35

26.5

24.44

35.89

35

26.2

24.44

35.78

35

26.1

24.44

35.67

35

26

24.44

35.55

35

26

24.44

35.55

35

26

24.44

35.55

35

26.1

24.44

36.67

35

26

24.44

35.55

35

26

24.44

35.55

35

26

24.44

35.55

35

27

24.44

36.37

35

27

24.44

36.37

35

27

24.44

36.37

35

27

24.44

36.37

C. Sy mc in tr R = 6 (600C) G0 = 60 g
Cc cng thc tnh ton c s dng nh trn sy 400C
Vi cc bng kt qu v th sau:
STT

44

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

126.00

153.33

118.33

226.67

107.00

180.00

98.00

246.67

12

85.67

200.00

15

75.67

200.00

18

65.67

213.33

21

55.00

413.33

24

34.33

213.33

10

27

23.67

193.33

11

30

14.00

146.67

12

33

6.67

146.67

45

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

Bng tra p sut:


tk (0C)

t (0C)

Ph (mmHg)

Pb (mmHg)

34.5

28

24.1

37.78

35.8

27

25.89

36.37

35.8

27

25.89

36.37

36

27.1

26.22

36.56

36

27.2

26.22

36.62

36

27

26.22

36.37

36

27

26.22

36.37

36

27

26.22

36.37

35.5

27

25.64

36.37

35.2

27

25.57

36.37

35.2

27

25.57

36.37

35.5

27.1

25.64

36.56

7. Bng kt qu tnh ton thng s ng hc:

46

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

400C (Mc 3)

500C (Mc 5)

600C (Mc 7)

125.31

146.92

55

112.33

126.93

76.67

34.38

17.31

6.67

53.48

26.925

10.3737

(0C)

26.39

26.309

27.11667

(0C)

33.8

34.913

35.625

Pb (mmHg)

35.924

35.8778

36.54

Ph (mmHg)

19

24.3813

25.7833

0.101753

0.101753

0.101753

Jm (kg/m2h)

1.722047

1.169809

1.094526

Nlt (%/h)

746.912

507.3869

474.7342

Ntn (%/h)

81.39

157.19

211.11

Klt (1/h)

8.214

3.9147

9.82276

Ktn (1/h)

0.895

1.213

4.638

(h)

0.037

0.1387

0.1039

(h)

0.184

0.32056

0.3363

(h)

0.084

0.3082

0.0717

(h)

0.6

0.724

0.814

(h)

0.121

0.4469

0.1756

(h)

0.784

1.04456

1.1503

Thng s

(kg/m .h.mmHg)

47

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

8. Bn lun
1. Nhn xt ng cong sy v ng cong tc sy.
- ng cong sy:
+ giai on ng tc: ng cong sy gim u nh mt ng thng do
hm m ca vt liu gim u theo thi gian.
+ giai on gim tc: ng cong sy chuyn t ng thng sang ng
cong, s gim khng u nhau. Hm m gim theo nhit , 600C l thp nht
ri 500C v 400C hm m cui cao nht, do nhit sy khc nhau, nhit
cng cao th kh nang bay hi cng cao, vt liu cng kh.
- ng cong tc sy:
+ giai on ng tc: ng cong tc sy l mt ng thng song song
vi trc x ca th. Gi tr ca N 600C l cao nht. Do N l tc sy, m tc
tc sy cng tng khi nhit tng. Nhng y tc sy 400C v 500C li
bng nhau l do qu trnh tin hnh th nghim c sai st.
+ Giai on gim tc: Gi tr Wk gim dn theo nhit , nhit cng cao gi
tr Wk cng gim. Do nhit cng cao th kh nng bay hi ca vt liu cng cao
nn gi tr Wk cng gim khi nhit tng.
2. cc ch khc nhau th thi gian sy thay i nh th no? ch
no c li hn?
+ Trn thc t th nhit cng cao th thi gian sy cng gim nhng trong
qu trnh tnh ton th khng nh vy, khi tnh ton nhit cng cao th thi gian
sy cng tng, do trong qu trnh lm th nghim c sai st. Nhng thi gian sy l
thuyt th di hn thc nghim.
+ Cc sai st khi lm th nghim dn n nhit cng tng th thi gian sy
cng di:
- Khi bt u sy th m ban u ca vt liu khng u nhau.
- Khi kt thc qu trnh sy th khi lng cui cng ca vt liu cng khng
u nhau, ng ra 3 nhit sy khc nhau th ki lng vt liu cui cng phi

48

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

bng nhau, nhng do trong qu trnh lm th nghim th nhit sy cng cao th


khi lng cui cng nh. Hay ni chnh xc l trong qu trnh sy th vt liu
cha kh hon ton.
- chnh lch nhit bu kh v nhit bu t thp.
* i vi tng loi vt liu v yu cu i hi ca vt liu m ta c ch
nhit thch hp cho qu trnh sy. C nhng vt liu i hi m ca vt liu
thp th sy nhit cao s thun li hn, do thi gian sy s ngn hn. C
nhng vt liu cn m cao th sy nhit thp li c li hn, tuy thi gian
sy di.
3. Nguyn nhn dn n sai s trong th nghim v tnh ton.
+ Khong thi gian gia 2 ln cn khng u nhau.
+ Cn khng chnh xc do khi lng vt liu gim lin tc.
+ Thit b trong phng th nghim quy m cn nh v c h hng.

49

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

BI S 5:CHNG LIN TC
Mc ch th nghim:

I.

Qa trnh chng lin tc nhm kho st s nh hng ca cc thng s sau


Lu lng dng nhp liu
Nhit dng nhp liu
V tr nhp liu
Lu lng dng chuyn ng trong thp chng
Ch s hi lu

L thuyt th nghim:

II.

1. Cn bng vt cht
Xt qu trnh chng gin on, thnh phn v lng sn phm lun thay i theo thi
gian.
Lng hn hp u l

kg, thnh phn cu t d bay hi trong hn hp u l

Ti mt thi im bt k lng cht lng trong ni chng l

vi nng l

. Khi

bc hi mt lng v cng nh dw th nng trong ni s gim i mt lng

lng cht lng cn li trong ni l

thi im ang xt l: ( -dW)( -

. Nh vy lng cu t d bay hi trong ni ti

Lng cu t d bay hi chuyn vo pha hi l:

Phng trnh cn bng vt liu i vi cu t d bay hi thi im ang xt:

Lng

rt b ta c th b qua c, n gin i ta c:

Phng trnh cho ton b qu trnh l:

50

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

F W D

x F . F xW .W x . D

2. Cn bng nng lng


Cn bng nhit lng ton thp
QF +QK = QD +QW +Qm +Qng
QK = QD + QW +Qm +Qng -QF
QK: nhit lng cung cp cho ni un, W
Qm: nhit lng mt mt do mi trng xung quanh (W). c ly t 5% n 10%
nhit lng cn cung cp.
QF: nhit lng do dng nhp liu mang vo, W

QF F .C PF .t F

QD: nhit lng do dng sn phm nh mang ra, W

QD D .C PD .t D

QW: nhit lng do dng sn phm y mang ra, W


_

QW W .CPR .tW

Qng: nhit lng trao i trong thit b ngng t, W


_

Qng D .rD
C PF , C PD , C PW : nhit lng ring ca nhp liu, sn phm nh, sn phm y, J/kg..

t F , t D , tW : nhit ca nhp liu, sn phm nh, sn phm y, 0C.

rD : nhit ha hi ca sn phm nh, kJ/kg

Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b ngng t


i vi qu trnh ngng t khng lm lnh:
_

Qng D .rD G.C.(t r tv ) Qm

i vi qu trnh ngng t lm lnh:

Qng D .rD D .C PD .(t S D t D ) G.C.(t r tv ) Qm

51

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

0
Trong : t v , t r : nhit vo v ra ca nc, C

G: lu lng dng gii nhit, kg/s


C: nhit dung ring ca dng gii nhit, J/kg/
0

t S D : nhit si hn hp sn phm nh, C

3. M hnh chng ct
H thng chng ct 7 mm xuyn l

4. Tin hnh th nghim


-

Pha trn cn 20

M cng tc chnh , m h thng nc gii nhit.m cng tc tng

52

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

M van nhp liu ti a khi lng lng trong bnh th ngng bm

M in tr ni un

M my tnh thit lp lu lng dng chy v ci gi tr p sut

Chuyn cng tc sang ch Reflux n nh khong 30-45

Khi n nh ta chuyn sang ch draw off sau xc nh Rmin v nhit

si nhp liu
-

Khi nhit nhp liu gn bng nhit si ca nhp liu m bm nhp liu

m van thu sn phm nh v y


-

Sau 10 o nng sn phm nh v y v ln lt cai R ln lt bng

1.75;2;2.25;2.5;275;3.

Bo co th nghim:

III.

1. Kt qu th nghim
Bng kt qu th nghim nng v nng sut:
STT

VF(%)

VF(l/h)

VD(%)

Vw(l/s)

G(L/s)

20

5.184

92

0.222

0.0833 38.6144 38.6144

20

6.048

97

0.261

0.0833 41.3184 41.3184

20

6.912

98

0.296

0.0833 42.0192 42.0192

20

7.776

98.5

0.437

0.0833 42.5548 42.5548

20

8.64

96

0.543

0.0833 41.5624 41.5624

20

9.504

96.5

0.3

0.0833 41.7908 41.7908

53

VF(%)

VF(%)

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

STT

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6

T7

T8

94.1

90.7

78.3

78.1

83.8

68

29.5

31.1

94.8

91.5

74.8

78.1

87.4

67

29.6

33.9

95.3

91.4

78.4

78.1

87.4

60.2

29.6

33.8

95.5

88.4

78.3

78.1

88.6

55.2

29.6

33.7

96

89.4

78.3

78.1

77.3

57

29.6

32.8

97

93.3

80

78.1

77.3

59.1

29.6

32.8

Bng kt qu th nghim nhit


T2 0C: Nhit sn phm y.
T5 0C: Nhit sn phm nh.
T7 0C: Nhit dng gii nhit vo.
T8 0C: Nhit dng gii nhit ra.
2. X l s liu

54

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

6 20% 6 80%
F

.1000 292, 75mol / h


18
46
xF
MR

0, 2
46
xF

0, 0892
0, 2 0,8
xF 1 xF

46 18
M F M H 2O

xD
MR

92
xD
46 0,818
92 8
xD 1 xD

46 18
M F M H 2O
xW

xW
MR
xW 1 xW

M F M H 2O

4
46
4 96

46 18

0, 02436

D W F

D.xD W .xW F .xF


D W 292, 75

0,818 D 0, 02436W 0, 0892 292, 75


D 23,92

W 268,8
ng ct:
x
R
5,184
0,818
y
x D
x
0,83829 x 0,132
R 1
R 1 5,184 1
5,184 1
ng chng:
292, 75
292, 75
5,184
1
LR
L 1
23,92
23,92
y
x
xw
x
0, 02436 2,817 x 0, 044
R 1
R 1
5,184 1
5,184 1
F
L , lng hn hp nhp liu so vi sn phm nh.
D
Cn bng nng lng

3. Bng kt qu tnh ton v th minh ha

55

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

Bng thnh phn cn bng lng hi v nhit si ca hai cu t Etanol H2O


760mmHg
x

t0 C

100

10

20

30

40

50

90

100

33.2 44.2 53.1 57.6 61.4 65.4 69.9 75.3 81.8

89.8

100

90.5 86.5 83.2 81.7 80.8

78.4

78.4

80

60

79.4

70

79

Bng 1
STT

XF

XD

XW

0.0892

292.75

0.818

0.02436

0.0892

292.75

0.927

0.00792

0.0892

292.75

0.95

0.005923

0.0892

292.75

0.963

0.003937

0.0892

292.75

0.904

0.01196

0.0892

292.75

0.915

0.01196

Cn bng vt cht

56

80

78.6

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

STT

5.184

292.75

23.92

268.8

6.048

292.75

25.89

266.86

6.912

292.75

25.823

266.926

7.776

292.75

26.026

266.72

8.64

292.75

25.349

267.4

9.504

292.75

25.04

267.7

ng lm vic phn chng ng lm vic phn ct

STT

5.184

y=2.817x-0.044

y=0.838292x+0.133

6.048

y=2.462x-0.012

y=0.897x+ 0.131

6.912

y=2.306x-0.008

y=0.873x+0.12

7.776

y=2.167x-0.005

y=0.886x+0.109

8.64

y=2.094x-0.013

y=0.896+0.093

9.504

y=2.018x-0.012

y=0.905x+0.00012

57

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

STT

G
(l/h)

Qng

300

769.26

18,449.8
1

22,635.0
3

1,742.72 127.50 1,721.18

6,088.37

304.42

300

1,633.1
3

18,178.4
9

22,669.8
7

1,886.25 225.16 1,015.35

7,282.52

364.13

300

1,684.6
7

16,333.5
1

22,650.7
0

1,881.37 224.58

990.83

8,984.75

449.24

300

1,681.2
0

14,976.9
0

21,890.3
3

1,896.16 255.55

49.50

9,537.08

476.85

300

1,389.4
4

15,465.2
8

22,194.4
0

1,846.84

18.96

3,002.58

9,059.45

452.97

300

1,407.7
1

16,035.0
5

23,188.6
0

1,824.32

18.73

3,974.81

9,441.43

472.07

QF

QW

QD

QIID

QIIW

nghim
ThTh
nghim
1 1

Ru
Etylic
Ru
Etylic

58

QK

Qm

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn


Th nghim 2

Ru Etylic

Th nghim 3

Ru Etylic

59

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn


Th nghim
Th
nghim 55

Ru Etylic

60

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

61

SVTH: inh Tun Hong

GVHD :Phm Qunh Thi Sn

4. Bn lun
1. Bn v nh hng ca dng hon lu n tinh khit ca sn phm v hiu sut mm
v hiu sut tng qut ca ct chng ct.
-

Dng hon lu cng nhiu th tinh khit ca sn phm cng cao, v dng

hon lu s nhp tr li vo phn nhp liu, v vy dng hon lu cng nhiu th tinh
khit ca nguyn liu ban u cng cao, m tinh khit ca nguyn kiu cng cao th
tinh khit ca sn phm s cng cao. Nhng dng hon lu cng nhiu th thi gian
chng ct s cng di, tinh khit cng cao.
-

Dng hon lu cng nhiu th s bc thang tnh c cng t hay s mm l

thuyt cng t, dn n hiu sut tng qut cng thp. Do dng hon lu c lin quan ti
ch s hon lu, m ch s hon lu cng tng th s bc thang cng t. M ch s bc
thang cng t th hiu sut tng qut cng t.
-

Dng hon lu cng tng th ch s hon lu cng tng do: R x =

Lo
. Khi
D

dng hon lu Lo tng th D gim do khi Lo tng th RX tng.


-

S bc thang cng t th hiu sut cng gim do s bc thang v hiu sut

tng qut t l thun vi nhau.


2. Bn v nh hng ca v tr mm nhp liu trn tinh khit v hiu sut mm.
Do trong qu trnh tin hnh th nghim do c sai st nn khng c kt lun r rng
v nh hng ca v tr mm nhp liu ln tinh khit ca sn phm.
3. Nhng ng dng chng ct trong cng nghip, thit b chng ct trong thc t v m
hnh th nghim.
Trong thc t ng dng ca thit b chng ct l tch cc cu t d bay hi da vo
chnh lch ca nhit bay hi. Nh chng ct cc sn phm cn

62

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