HT hun luyn 6-Sigma tp trung vo tm quan trn trong vic tip nhn ca ton cng ty.

6-Sigma nhn ra rng nhng vn v ci tin vn ha pht trin k nng lnh o i cch thc kinh doanh ca cng ty. 6-Sigma cho php t l li trong 6-Sigma c tnh vi gi tr trung bnh lch khi mc tiu 1.5 sigma (3.4 DPMO c c khi tnh t l li vi gi tr trung bnh lch 1.5 sigma khi mc tiu). C l 1.5 sigma l mt khong qu ln nhng cng nc ci hn nu cho rng quy trnh s lun chnh xc ti v tr mc tiu. Hn th na, sigma, c nh ngha bng cc nghin cu kh nng my (process capability studies), l kt qu t cc s liu dao ng trong ngn hn ca quy trnh. V vy, lch 1.5 sigma cho php gi tr trung bnh dao ng quanh mc tiu. S dao ng trong di hn ca bt c quy trnh no cng thng c gi tr ln hn dao ng trong ngn hn ca chnh n do cc yu t khc nh ngi vn hnh, nguyn liu cng nh mi trng sn xut. Trong thng s ny, lch trn cho php s dao ng phn nh v cn bn Cpk nh hn Cp tng ng. Mt s ch trch v k thut khc l phn b chun ch l m hnh l tng v khng i din cho hu ht cc quy trnh. iu ny chnh xc nhng iu khng c ngha l n khng c ch. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, phn b chun l mt c lng gn ng chp nhn c. Hn na, bt k m hnh thc t no khc (phn b T-student, binominal, ) u l cho trng hp ca 6-Sigma c nhn mnh hn v phn b chun s cho mt d on vi nhiu kh nng quy trnh sn xut ra sn phm khng tiu chun t hn.

Cho d g i na, tnh n nh ca quy trnh quan trng hn phn b ca n v tnh n nh l mt trong nhng iu kin cn cho mt quy trnh tt. Tm li, c th ni khng c chng trnh no l hon ho v c th p dng cho mi trng hp, mi m hnh sn xut, kinh doanh. Vic mt m hnh mi, c nhiu in hnh thnh cng, vn c nhiu ch trch l chuyn bnh thng. iu quan trng nht l nhng nh qun l doanh nghip cn bit pht huy ti a th mnh ca chng trnh, cng c ph hp cng nh lng trc nhng im yu, nhng im cha ph hp ca chng.

Six Sigma vi cc h thng cht lng khc January 6, 2011Leave a commentGo to comments Six Sigma c xy dng trn nhng yu t thnh cng ca cc chin lc ci tin cht lng trc y v hp thnh nhng phng php c o ca ring n. So vi cc h thng qun l v ci tin cht lng khc, Six Sigma ni bt vi h phng php gip xc nh cn nguyn ca cc vn cht lng c th v gii quyt cc vn ny. Six Sigma c th thng c s dng h tr, b sung cc h thng qun l v ci tin cht lng khc. 1. ISO 9001 1.1 Mc tiu ca ISO 9001 ISO 9001 l mt H Thng Qun L Cht Lng bao gm cc tiu chun qun l cht lng chuyn bit cho cc ngnh c th. Mt H Thng Qun L Cht Lng

l mt h thng c cu trc t chc, quy trnh, trch nhim v ngun lc c xc nh r rng v dng nh gi nhng n lc qun l cht lng chung. Chng ch ISO 9001 m bo cho khch hng ca cng ty rng nhng h thng v th tc chp nhn c mc ti thiu c p dng trong cng ty m bo rng nhng tiu chun cht lng ti thiu c p ng. 1.2 So snh vi Six Sigma ISO 9001 v Six Sigma p ng hai mc tiu khc nhau. ISO 9001 l mt h thng qun l cht lng trong khi Six Sigma l mt chin lc v h phng php dnh cho vic ci tin hiu qu kinh doanh. ISO 9001, vi nhng hng dn gii quyt vn v ra quyt nh, i hi c mt quy trnh ci tin lin tc nhng khng ch ra quy trnh nh th no trong khi Six Sigma c th cung cp quy trnh ci tin cn thit. Trong khi Six Sigma khng cung cp mt khun mu nh gi nhng n lc qun l cht lng chung ca t chc th ISO 9001 li c c iu ny. 1.3 Kt hp Six Sigma vi ISO Six Sigma cung cp mt h phng php p ng nhng mc tiu c th m ISO ra nh: ngn nga khuyt tt tt c cc cng on t thit k n dch v; cc k thut thng k cn thit thit lp, kim sot, kim chng nng lc ca quy trnh v c tnh ca sn phm; kho st nguyn nhn gy li cho sn phm, quy trnh v h thng cht lng; ci tin lin lc cht lng sn phm v dch v. Six Sigma h tr ISO v gip t chc p ng c cc yu cu ca ISO. Hn na, ISO l mt phng tin tuyt vi gip cung cp t liu v duy tr h thng qun l quy trnh trong c Six Sigma. Bn cnh , vic o to bi bn l cn thit i vi c hai h thng nhm m bo cho vic trin khai thnh cng. 2. Qun tr cht lng ton din (TQM) 2.1 Mc tiu ca TQM Qun Tr Cht Lng Ton Din (TQM) l mt h thng c cu trc gip tho mn cc khch hng bn ngoi ln bn trong v nh cung cp bng cch hp nht mi trng kinh doanh, vic ci tin lin tc v nhng t ph trong vic pht trin, ci tin v duy tr cc chu trnh trong khi thay i vn ho ca t chc. TQM nhm n nhng nguyn tc cht lng c p dng rng ri v xuyn sut mt t chc hay mt nhm cc quy trnh kinh doanh. 2.2 So snh vi Six Sigma TQM v Six Sigma c mt s im chung nh sau: Mt nh hng v tp trung vo khch hng Mt cch nhn v cng vic theo t chc quy trnh Mt tinh thn ci tin lin tc Mt mc tiu ci tin mi mt v mi chc nng ca t chc

 Ra quyt nh da trn d liu Li ch mang li ty thuc vo tnh hiu qu ca cng tc trin khai. S khc bit chnh gia TQM v Six Sigma l Six Sigma tp trung vo vic u tin gii quyt nhng vn c th c chn la theo mc u tin c tnh chin lc ca cng ty v nhng vn ang gy nn nhng khuyt tt ni tri, trong khi TQM p dng mt h thng cht lng bao qut hn cho tt c cc quy trnh kinh doanh ca cng ty. Mt khc bit k tip l TQM nh hng p dng cc xng cht lng trong phm vi phng ban trong khi Six Sigma mang tnh lin phng ban c ngha l n tp trung vo mi phng ban c lin quan n mt quy trnh kinh doanh c th vn ang l ti ca mt d n Six Sigma. Mt khc bit na l TQM cung cp t phng php hn trong qu trnh trin khai trong khi m hnh DMAIC ca Six Sigma cung cp mt cu trc vng chc hn cho vic trin khai v thc hin. V d, Six Sigma c s tp trung mnh m hn vo vic o lng v thng k gip cng ty xc nh v t c nhng mc tiu c th. 2.3 Kt hp TQM vi Six Sigma Six Sigma l h thng h tr cho TQM v n gip u tin ho cc vn trong mt chng trnh TQM bao qut, v cung cp m hnh DMAIC vn c th c s dng p ng cc mc tiu ca TQM. 3. Six Sigma v Lean Manufacturing (H Thng Sn Xut Tinh gn) 3.1 Mc tiu ca Lean H thng Lean nhm n mc tiu gim thi gian t lc c n t hng cho n qu trnh sn xut v phn phi sn phm bng cch loi b cc hot ng khng mang li gi tr (non-value added) v nhng lng ph trong qu trnh sn xut. M hnh l tng m h thng Lean nhm n l lung mt-sm phm (one-piece flow) vn c chi phi bi nhu cu khch hng v mt nh sn xut p dng Lean th lin tc ci tin theo hng m hnh l tng . 3.2 So snh vi Six Sigma C Six Sigma v Lean c nhng th mnh ring v chng phi hp h tng nhau bi v chng u tp trung vo vic ci thin kt qu thng qua ci tin cc quy trnh. im tp trung chnh ca Lean l loi b lng ph di nhiu hnh thc: tn ng qu mc cn thit mt bng sn xut, tn kho, nguyn vt liu, hng hc, hng sa li, thi gian chu trnh, lng ph vn, lng ph nhn cng v thi gian cng l ti ca cc d n Six Sigma. Ngoi ra, mt s cng c ca Lean cng c s dng trong cc d n Six Sigma khi cn. Cc cng c ca Lean thc cht khng mnh v thng k v vy s khng hiu qu trong vic nghin cu dao ng, m dao ng li hin hu trong mi quy trnh v cn c xc nh ci tin quy trnh. Th hai, phng php Lean ch hu dng

nht trong mi trng sn xut trong khi Six Sigma hiu qu hn nhiu trong vic to ra ngn ng v h phng php chung hu dng cho ton t chc. 3.3 Kt hp Lean vi Six Sigma Rt ph bin hin nay khi cc cng ty kt hp Lean vi Six Sigma theo cch thc hay phng php c tn gi l Lean Six Sigma. Six Sigma cung cp mt cu trc v b cng c phong ph hn gii quyt vn , c bit vi nhng vn m gii php cha c bit n. Khi mc tiu l thit k quy trnh, t chc mt bng xng, gim lng ph ng thi cch thc t c mc tiu c bit trc, cc cng c v phng php ca Lean s c ngh. Tri li, ci thin nhng vn vn cha c gii php th Six Sigma nn c vn dng. V h thng ci tin ton din bao gm c nhng d n vi gii php bit trc hoc cha bit, c Six Sigma v Lean s u c ch ng trong h thng.

[LARGE]Qun l Sn xut, Lean, Six Sigma, TPM

[/LARGE]

[LARGE] v 7 li ch vng

6 Sigma Hon ho 99,99966% [/LARGE]

[*][/*] [*][LINK=javascript:void(null)]1[/LINK][/*] [*][LINK=javascript:void(null)]2[/LINK][/*] [*][LINK=javascript:void(null)]3[/LINK][/*] [*][LINK=javascript:void(null)]4[/LINK][/*] [*][LINK=javascript:void(null)]5[/LINK][/*]

( 1 Vote ) [LINK=/quan-ly-san-xuat-lean-six-sigma-tpm/722-6-sigma-hoan-hao-99,99966va-7-loi-ichvang.html?tmpl=component&print=1&layout=default&page=][IMG]/media/syste m/images/printButton.png[/IMG][/LINK] [LINK=/component/mailto/?tmpl=component&template=webtuvanquanly&link=a HR0cDovL3R1dmFucXVhbmx5LnZuL3F1YW4tbHktc2FuLXh1YXQtbGVhbi1z aXgtc2lnbWEtdHBtLzcyMi02LXNpZ21hLWhvYW4taGFvLTk5LDk5OTY2LXZ hLTctbG9pLWljaC12YW5nLmh0bWw%3D][IMG]/media/system/images/emailB utton.png[/IMG][/LINK] Ngi ng: IMQ CORPORATION Lt xem: 299 19/11/2011 [B]Lng ph v bt n trong qun l cht lng, quy trnh l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn c bn lm gim sc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip va v nh Vit Nam. Khi gia nhp WTO, trc sc p cnh tranh ln, doanh nghip Vit Nam phi hiu thu o v khc phc nhc im ny.[/B] 6 Sigma s gip doanh nghip lm c iu . [IMG]http://www.tuvanquanly.vn/images/lean 6 sigma.jpg[/IMG]

L mt h thng qun tr cht lng, cng nh l cng c ci tin quy trnh, 6 Sigma gip doanh nghip t c s hon ho n 99,99966%. B quyt thnh cng ca Ford v nhiu cng ty ln trn th gii mt phn cng t 6 Sigma m ra. l l do v sao trong Hi tho "6 Sigma - Nng cao tnh cnh tranh cho doanh nghip Vit Nam sau hi nhp" do cng ty Ford Vit Nam phi hp cng B Thng Mi t chc ngy 27.11.2006 thu ht trn 200 doanh nghip va v nh trong nc t cc lnh vc khc nhau tham d. Trong bui hi tho ny, Ford Vit Nam khng ngn ngi chia s b quyt thnh cng vi 6 Sigma ca h.

[B]Ford Vit Nam tit kim c trn 1 triu USD nh 6 Sigma[/B]

6 Sigma c hnh thnh tp on Motorola vo nm 1986 v c ph bin rng ri sau do s ng dng thnh cng ca tp on General Electric (GE) vo nhng nm 90. Hin nay, c nhiu cng ty th gii nh Citigroup, American Standard, Honeywell, Ford, Kodak, Sony, IBM, Motorola, DuPont, Starwood Hotels, Dow Chemical trin khai 6 Sigma trong hu ht cc hot ng kinh doanh t sn xut cng ngh cao n dch v v ti chnh.

Kho st gn y ca cng ty DynCorp ch ra, c xp x 22% trong cc cng ty c kho st ti M ang ng dng 6 Sigma, trong , 49,3% cng ty chuyn v sn xut, 38,2% cng ty chuyn v dch v v 12,5% cng ty thuc nhng lnh vc khc. Trong bng tng sp h thng qun tr cht lng th 6 Sigma ng v tr u bng v tnh hiu qu vi mc nh gi 53,6% (xem S ).

Ti Vit Nam, nm 2000, Ford Vit Nam bt u trin khai 6 Sigma. Tri qua gn 7 nm, Ford thc hin ci tin quy trnh trong mi lnh vc sn xut kinh doanh ca h vi 200 d n 6 Sigma. Kt qu ca khong thi gian thc hin l Ford tit kim c 1,2 triu USD M v t ch s hi lng ca khch hng mc trn 90% qua mi nm. Trong nhng d n 6 Sigma, nm 2005, Ford Vit Nam tng c d n thc hin Sigma gim lng container ch linh kin nhp khu. Ford nhn thy rng, cc thng cha linh kin hai loi xe ny trong nhng container nhp khu vo Vit Nam cn rt nhiu khong trng v Ford sp xp li khng gian cho chng. Theo Ford, tit kim khng gian cng l cch thc tit kim chi ph v gp phn gia tng li nhun. T vic tit kim khng gian ny, Ford tit kim c 150.000 USD ngay trong nm thc hin. c trong nm 2006, cng vi d n ny, Ford tit kim c n 250.000 USD. Khng ch c Ford m nhiu cng ty c vn u t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam nh American Stadard, Samsung, LG cng a chng trnh 6 Sigma vo trin khai trong doanh nghip ca h. Vy, 6 Sigma c th ng dng ph bin v thnh cng trong cc doanh nghip va, nh Vit Nam vn ang chim t trng ln hin nay?

[B]Bi ton 6 Sigma cho doanh nghip va v nh[/B]

6 Sigma l h phng php ci tin quy trnh da trn thng k nhm gim thiu t l sai st hay khuyt tt n mc ch cn 3,4 li trn mi triu kh nng gy li bng cch xc nh v loi tr ngun gc gy nn bt n trong quy trnh kinh doanh. 6 Sigma gp phn loi b li sai, lng ph, xc nh mc tiu v phng php gii quyt vn nhm lm tng mc hi lng ca khch hng cng nh ci thin ng k hiu qu cui cng.

Sigma trong thng k c ngha l lch chun v 6 Sigma l 6 lch chun. 1 Sigma tng ng 69% li, 2 Sigma l 30,8%, 3 Sigma l 6,68%, 4 Sigma l 0,6210%, 5 Sigma l 0,0230% v 6 Sigma l 0,0003%. Nh vy, vi 6 Sigma (c li % l 0,0003) th s hon ho t tng ng 99,99966%.

Hin nay, hu ht doanh nghip sn xut t nhn Vit Nam ang duy tr mc 3 Sigma. Theo cc chuyn gia, nu doanh nghip p dng cc nguyn tc 6 Sigma th kh nng thnh cng cng t mc 4 hoc 5 Sigma v nh vy cng mang li kt qu gim thiu khuyt tt r rt.

Hin nay, 6 Sigma o lng cc kh nng gy li ch khng phi cc sn phm b li. Sn phm cng phc tp s cng c nhiu kh nng b li hn. Gi nh bn l mt cng ty ang sn xut 5 n hng cho khch, mi n hng l 5 chic gh g. Bn bao gi t hi 1 chic gh g s c bao nhiu kh nng b li cn c khc phc hay cha?

Bi ton ny c cc chuyn gia cng ty Mekong Capital gii p nh sau: S kh nng gy li trn mt mt hng gh g c xc nh l vt liu g lm gh ng cha? (1 kh nng), m ca g nm trong phm vi cho php (1 kh

nng), gh c lm theo ng kch c khch hng yu cu (1 kh nng), gh khng b h hng (1 kh nng), gh c sn ng mu sc (1 kh nng) v gh c ng gi ng quy cch (1 kh nng). Nh vy, tng s kh nng gy li l 6 v nu nhn cho 5 chic gh/1 n hng th c n 30 kh nng. Nu cng c nhiu n hng th tng s kh nng gy li cng ln v doanh nghip cng hao tn chi ph sa cha. Vic ng dng 6 Sigma l o lng cc kh nng gy li sm hn c hng gii quyt.

Ni cch khc, mc ch ca 6 Sigma l ci thin cc quy trnh sao cho nhng vn khuyt tt v li khng xy ra thay v ch tm ra cc gii php ngn hn hoc tm thi cho vn (iu ny rt nhiu doanh nghip Vit Nam mc phi). Nhng khi nguyn nhn gy sai lch c xc nh xy ra th quy trnh s ci thin trong tng lai, nhng sai lch khng b lp li.

Nu bn l mt cng ty sn xut g Vit Nam ang gp phi tnh trng chm tin khu kim tra cht lng ca cng on lp rp hon thin s b (do bn phi thng xuyn nhn c nhng chi tit sai hng t cc b phn ch nhm v phi ti ch chng), bn s chn gii php no y khc phc?

Gii php ca bn c th cng ging nh nhiu gii php ph bin m cc doanh nghip Vit Nam a ra. n gin l cn i li chuyn bng vic a thm cng nhn vo khu kim tra v ti ch. Nhng nu l 6 Sigma th gii php khc hn.

6 Sgima s ch dn iu tra v kim sot cc tc nhn chnh ngn nga li xy ra ngay cng on u tin, chng hn nh cc t trng khng gim st cng vic hiu qu, cc hng dn cho khu ch nhm khng r rng, cc th tc cn chnh my mc khng ng cch, quy trnh kim tra cht lng g ti phn xng ra phi g cn thiu. Nu bn l mt cng ty chuyn sn xut chi bng nha v ang gp phi tnh trng sai mu sn phm so vi yu cu khch hng th bn s lm g?

Thng thng, bn chc chn s iu chnh cng thc pha mu ang s dng bng n lc th-sai. Ngha l bn ang gii quyt vn trong ngn hn v trong tng lai, bn li s gp nhng li khc na. Nhng gii php ca 6 Sigma th khng?

Cng c ny nhanh chng xc nh v kim sot cc tc nhn u vo chnh ca quy trnh phi mu dn n vic lm lch mu ca sn phm, chng nh t nh cung cp vt t, h thng thu thp v kim tra cc cng thc phi trn mu, cc hng dn v cng thc phi trn, kh nng thc hin cng vic ca cng nhn theo hng dn cng vic.

Bng vic truy tm cn nguyn, 6 Sigma t ra hu hiu khi gii quyt nhng khuyt tt v gip tm ra p s lu di cho cc vn , ch khng phi trong ngn hn. V vi nhng sn phm, dch v nh nht, 6 Sigma cng c th "vt l tm su" gii quyt trit . l l do v sao, cng c ny ng dng ph hp trong mi quy m doanh nghip.

6 Sigma vi 7 li ch vng Trc ht, 6 Sigma gip gim chi ph sn xut. Vi t l khuyt tt gim ng k, doanh nghip c th loi b nhng lng ph v nguyn vt liu v vic s dng nhn cng km hiu qu lin quan n khuyt tt. iu ny s gim bt chi ph hng bn trn tng n v sn phm, t gia tng li.

Th hai, 6 Sigma gip gim chi ph qun l. Khi t l khuyt tt gim v s khng cn ti din trong tng lai, doanh nghip s tit kim c thi gian cho cc hot ng mang li gi tr cao hn.

Th ba, 6 Sgima gp phn lm gia tng s hi lng ca khch hng. Phn ln doanh nghip t nhn Vit Nam gp phi nhng vn ti din lin quan n sn phm khng p ng c cc yu cu khch hng khin khch hng khng hi lng v c khi hy b n t hng. V th, thng qua vic gim ng k t l li t cng c 6 Sigma, doanh nghip s lun cung cp n khch hng nhng sn phm tt nht h yu cu v lm tng s hi lng ni h.

Th t, 6 Sgima lm gim thi gian chu trnh. Cng mt nhiu thi gian x l nguyn vt liu v thnh phm trong quy trnh sn xut th chi ph sn xut cng cao. Tuy nhin, vi 6 Sigma, c t vn ny sinh hn trong qu trnh sn xut, c ngha l quy trnh lun c hon tt nhanh hn, v vy, chi ph sn xut, c bit l chi ph nhn cng trn tng n v sn phm lm ra s thp hn. Th nm, 6 Sigma gip doanh nghip giao hng ng hn. Mt vn thng gp vi nhiu doanh nghip sn xut t nhn Vit Nam l t l giao hng tr rt cao. Nhng dao ng bt n sinh ra vn ny c th c loi tr trong Sigma. Do vy, 6 Sigma c vn dng gip m bo vic giao hng ng hn v u n.

Th su, 6 Sgima gip doanh nghip m rng sn xut d dng hn. Mt cng ty vi s quan tm cao v ci tin quy trnh v loi tr cc ngun gc gy khuyt tt s c c s hiu bit su sc hn v nhng tc nhn tim tng cho cc vn trong nhng d n m rng quy m sn xut. V vy, cc vn t c kh nng xy ra khi cng ty m rng sn xut v nu c xy ra th cng s nhanh chng c gii quyt.

Th by, 6 Sigma gp phn to nn nhng thay i tch cc trong vn ha cng ty. 6 Sigma cng vt tri v yu t con ngi khng km u th ca n v k thut. Nhn vin thng t hi bng cch no h gii quyt nhng vn kh khn. Nhng khi h c trang b nhng cng c a ra nhng cu hi ng, o lng ng i tng, lin kt mt vn vi mt gii php v ln k hoch thc hin th h c th tm ra nhng gii php cho vn mt cch d dng hn. V vy, vi 6 Sgima, vn ha t chc ca cng ty chuyn sang hnh thc tip cn c h

thng trong vic gii quyt vn v mt thi ch ng vi thc trch nhim gia cc nhn vin.

Nh vy, vi 6 Sigma, doanh nghip s tm c 7 li ch vng cho s tng trng ca mnh. Trc vn hi mi, sc cnh tranh cao i hi doanh nghip Vit Nam phi tm c li th cnh tranh cho ring mnh. Trong s cc cng c nng cao tnh cnh tranh y, hy nn ngh u tin n cng c gim lng ph, trnh ri ro t n hon ho 99,99966% v 7 li ch vng. Nu Ford Vit Nam v rt nhiu doanh nghip th gii tng thnh cng vi 6 Sigma th cc doanh nghip trong nc ti sao li khng bt u vi n? (Trn Trng T)

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