Trang 1 EPPO kim dch su bnh Chun b CABI v EPPO cho EU theo Hp ng 90/399003 Sheets d liu trn Su kim

dch thc vt Xanthomonas oryzae X. loi mi c thnh lp oryzae bao gm hai tc nhn gy bnh la chu u khng pvs oryzae v oryzicola. Nhng nguy c hin din kim dch thc vt i vi khu vc EPPO c th l p ng bng cc bin php tng t, h c iu tr ph hp vi nhau trong bng d liu ny. IDENTITY V tr phn loi: Vi khun: Gracilicutes Ghi ch v phn loi v danh php: Swings et al (1990) gn y chuyn giao hai pathovars bao ph bi bng d liu ny t Xanthomonas campestris X. oryzae. Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae Tn: Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Ishiyama) Swings et al. T ng ngha: Pseudomonas oryzae Ishiyama Xanthomonas campestris pv oryzae (Ishiyama). Dye Xanthomonas itoana (Tachinai) Dowson Xanthomonas kresek Schure Xanthomonas oryzae (Ishiyama) Dowson F.sp. translucens Xanthomonas oryzae (Ishiyama) Pordesimo (tn ny c cng c, khng chnh xc, c s dng cho pv. oryzicola). Tn thng gp: chy l do vi khun, Kresek bnh, BLB (ting Anh) Maladie bactrienne des feuilles du riz (Php) Bakterielle Weissfleckenkrankheit, bakterieller Blattbrand (c) Enfermedad bacteriana de las hojas del arroz (Ty Ban Nha) Bayer my tnh ang: XANTOR EPPO A1 danh sch: s 2 EU Ph lc ch: II/A1 - Xanthomonas campestris pv oryzae. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola Tn: Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola (Fang et al.) Swings et al. T ng ngha: Xanthomonas campestris pv oryzicola (Fang et al.) Dye. Xanthomonas oryzicola Fang et al. Xanthomonas translucens f.sp. oryzicola (Fang et al.) Bradbury Tn thng gp: sc l vi khun, BLS (ting Anh) Brlure bactrienne, stries bactriennes, du riz (Php) Quemaduras bacterianas, estras bacterianas, del arroz (Ty Ban Nha) Bayer my tnh ang: XANTTO EPPO A1 danh sch: s 3 EU Ph lc ch: II/A1 - Xanthomonas campestris pv oryzicola. HOSTS Cc my ch chnh ca c pathovars l la Oryza sativa subsp. Japonica thng hn kh nng chu hn subsp. indica pv. oryzicola. Hai vi khun ny cng tn cng mt s hoang d Trang 2 2 Xanthomonas oryzae

hoc tr v thnh nin trng Poaceae (Leersia spp, Leptochloa spp., Oryza spp., Paspalum scrobiculatum, Zizania, Zoysia spp), bao gm c c di poaceous c th hot ng nh tu sn bay (Li et al, 1985). Nhiu hn l nhy cm trn cy nhn to (Bradbury, 1970a; 1970b). A L PHN PHI Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae EPPO khu vc: Nga (Vin ng, min Nam nc Nga, c tm thy nhng khng thnh lp), Ukraine, c tm thy trn cc ging la Koroleva et al, 1985; nhng tnh trng ca h s ny khng chc chn. Chu : Bangladesh, Campuchia, Trung Quc (ph bin), n (ph bin), Indonesia (Ph bin), Nht Bn (Honshu, Kyushu), nhn dn nc Cng ho dn ch Hn Quc, Hn Quc Cng ha, Lo, Malaysia (bn o, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, i Loan, Thi Lan, Vit Nam. Chu Phi: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gabon, Madagascar (c th l khng, nhng nghi ng triu chng nhn thy Buddenhagen, 1985), Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo. Xem John et al. (1984). Bc M: Mexico, Hoa K (Louisiana, Texas). Trung M v Caribbean: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua (Cha c xc nhn), Panama. Nam M: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela. Chu i Dng: c (Northern Territory, Queensland). EU: Khng c Phn phi bn : Ta CMI (nm 1974, s 304). Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola EPPO khu vc: Khng c. Chu : ch gii hn n cc khu vc nhit i bao gm Bangladesh, Campuchia, Trung Quc (Phc Kin, Qung ng, Hi Nam), n (Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh), Indonesia (ph bin), Lo, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thi Lan, Malaysia (bn o, Sabah, Sarawak), Vit Nam. Chu Phi: Madagascar (Buddenhagen, 1985), Nigeria, Senegal. Chu i Dng: c (Northern Territory). EU: Khng c Phn phi bn : Ta CMI (nm 1970, s 463). SINH HC Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae Vi khun ny xm nhp vo bng cch hydathodes v vt thng trn r hoc l. Thm nhp cng c th xy ra thng qua cc kh khng, ni s c mt kt qu xy dng ca vi khun sau tit ra trn b mt l v nhp li cc nh my thng qua cc hydathodes. Mt khi bn trong h thng mch mu, vi khun nhn v di chuyn theo c hai hng. Ly lan din ra trong gi v ma, nhng ch yu l l lt v nc ti (Dath & Devadath, 1983). Cc m hnh ly lan mt rung la c phn tch bi Nayak & Reddy (1985). Ngun cy tim nng bao gm nhim vt liu trng, tnh nguyn cy la (Durgapal, 1985), b nhim rm r hoc chaff (Devadath Dath, 1985), v cc host c di,

mc d vai tr chnh xc ca cc ngun trong t nhin cha c hiu r. Ht ging truyn thng xy ra n mt mc nht nh (Hsieh et al, 1974), nhng Murty & Devadath (1984) gp kh khn trong vic chng minh ny th nghim ht ging b nhim bnh khng lm pht sinh Trang 3 Xanthomonas oryzae 3 cy ging b nhim bnh nhng gii thiu cc vi khun vo trong t. Singh et al. (1983), Tuy nhin, quan st truyn ht ging thng xuyn trong phng tng trng khi s dng rt nhiu b nhim khun mu. Singh (1971) thy rng cc vi khun khng th tn ti trong t unsterilized v ch c 15-38 ngy trong lnh vc v nc ao, nhng Murty & Devadath (1982) cho thy iu ny ph thuc vo loi t. Raj & Pal (1988) khng c c overwintering trong t hoc ht ging, v tm thy s tn ti ch trong l b nhim bnh. Reddy (1972) ni rng X. oryzae pv. oryzae sng st cho 7-8 thng trong ht ging, nhng ch 3-4 thng trong rm v ru; Kauffman & Reddy (1975) bo co rng, mc d glumes c d dng b nhim, kh thi vi khun khng c th c pht hin trn ht ging c lu tr trong 2 thng. Ngi ta cho rng thc khun ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic lm gim vi khun trong ny mm ht ging. Ni chung, r rng l hin nay kt qu v s sng cn v ngun cy l mu thun. Nhiu chng tc khc nhau (hoc pathotypes) ca vi khun tn ti, phn bit bng cch ca h hnh vi trn cy trng khc bit gia (Mew, 1987). Chng tc mi xut hin d dng v vi khun l rt d bin i c tnh. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola Vi khun ny xm nhp vo l qua cc l kh hoc vt thng. Ly lan trong 1 v xy ra do c kh lin lc v trong ma v nc thy li; theo cc iu kin thun li m, m, bnh pht trin nhanh chng v nghim trng c th xy ra. Vai tr ca truyn ht ging vnh cu ca bnh c cng nhn, nhng phn chi bi c di cn t c bit. Rao (1987) cho rng ht ging truyn c th xy ra t ma h n tip theo, nhng nu ma h ht ging c gieo vo ma ng, l tc nhn gy bnh khng th thit lp mt, ma ng thi tit kh. Vi khun c th tn ti t ma ny n ma b nhim bnh l v cc mnh v l, nhng khng th tn ti trong t khng tit trng (Devadath & Dath, nm 1970). Khng c chng tc khc bit c trng v ging c bo co. bit thm thng tin v sinh hc ca hai vi khun, Bradbury (1970a, 1970b), Singh (1971), Ou (1972). Pht hin v nhn Cc triu chng Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae Bc l vi khun xut hin trn l ca cy con, sau khi trng ra, nh nht mu xanh l cy vt mu xm-xanh ngm nc gn chp l v li nhun. Nhng tn thng kt hp li v tr thnh mu vng-trng vi cc cnh ln sng. Cui cng, ton b l c th b nh hng, tr thnh mu trng hoc xm v sau cht. V bc l v cy d b ging cy trng c th b tn cng. Nhim trng h thng, c bit n l kresek (Reddy, 1984), kt qu trong

kh l v ci cht, c bit l cc cy con c cy ghp. Trong cc nh my c, l tr thnh mu vng v sau cht. Trong giai on sau, bnh c th kh khn phn bit vi sc l do vi khun. bit thm thng tin, xem Bradbury (1970a, 1970b), Feakin (1971), Ou (1972). Mt th nghim n gin phn bit bnh bc l l bao gm ngm cc u ct ca cc c bn mt phn ca mt chic l b nhim bnh trong mt dung dch long ca fuchsin c bn trong 1-2 ngy (Goto, 1965). Cc din tch nhim trng do vi khun tim n vt qu tn thng nhn thy c vn cn khng nhim v xut hin nh im mu xanh l cy vi dn song li nhun r rng tch ra t phn lnh mnh mu ca l. Phn ng ny ch xy ra vi X. oryzae pv oryzae v khng phi vi bnh bc l khc sinh vt. Mt hn ch ca k thut ny l l c nh v l c ngn lm khng vt. Trang 4 4 Xanthomonas oryzae Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola Hp, ti mu xanh lc, nc ngm, vt interveinal di khc nhau xut hin, ban u hn ch cho cc cnh l. Cc tn thng phng to, bin mu vng cam nu ty trn cy trng v cui cng kt hp li. H phch nh git ca dch r vi khun thng trnh by trn cc tn thng. Trong giai on tin tin, bnh rt kh phn bit gy ra bi X. oryzae pv oryzae nhng tn thng li nhun vn cn tuyn tnh hn l ln sng nh trong th hai trng hp. Quan st trc tip ca vi khun c th l cn thit xc nhn. Thit hi thng gn lin vi con ln l lepidopterous, l th mc v hispa b cnh cng, k t khi vi khun d dng vo cc m b h hng do ph hoi ca cn trng. Hnh thi hc c lp cc vi khun, cc phn ca m l b mt kh trng v ngm trong nc ct, v nh ch cc kt qu c sc trn 1% dextrose agar cht dinh dng hoc Wakimoto agar (Reddy & Ou, 1974) v nhit 25-28 C. Khun lc ca X. oryzae pv. oryzae l pht trin chm, cht nhy v rm mu mu vng, v nhng ngi ca X. oryzae pv. oryzicola l kh chm pht trin, thng l mu vng nht, trn, mn, ton b, mi vm v cht nhy. C hai vi khun Gram m thanh, vin nang v co th c ng d dang vi mt cc roi. Kch thc, cho X. oryzae pv oryzae, 1,1-2,0 x 0,4-0,6 micron v cho X. oryzae pv oryzicola, 1,0-2,5 x 0,4-0,6 micron. K thut phn loi hin i khng nh r rng rng hai pathovars kh ring bit t mi khc, t pathovars Xanthomonas campestris, v t go "m nu" tc nhn gy bnh (bng s phn tch cc tnh nng kiu hnh v gel protein electrophoregrams: Vera Cruz et al, 1984; khng th n dng: c Thnh Cha Benedict et al, 1989; DNA: DNA lai: Kersters et al, 1989; acid bo h s: thay v nm 1989; DNA trnh t: Leach et al, 1990). Swings et al (1990) phn loi chng nh l X. oryzae v cung cp cc chi tit up-to-ngy ca cc nhn vt c bit ca h. Phng php pht hin v kim tra

i vi thng tin chi tit v kim tra khng nh nhn thy Dye & Lelliott (1974). Xt nghim sinh ha tip tc cho phn bit hai loi vi khun c a ra bi Reddy & Ou (1974). Khng ging nh thng xy ra mu vng hoi sinh, X. oryzae pv oryzae v X. oryzae pv. oryzicola oxy ha v c ch bi 0,1% triphenyl tetrazolium clorua. Phng php kim nghim ht ging khc nhau c s dng cho X. oryzae pv oryzae truyn vi khun kim tra (Jain et al, 1985.); ELISA vi khng th n dng (Zhu et al, 1988). i vi mt ni chung xem xt Agarwal et al. (1989), v up-to-date thng tin chi tit v chn on nhn vt thy Swings et al (1990). PHNG TIN CA PHONG TRO v phn tn Cc vi khun ch c th di chuyn khong cch ngn trong cc cy trng b nhim bnh. Ch c phng tin, khong cch phn tn trong cc ging la b nhim bnh. Cc vi khun thng c tm thy trong cc glumes, nhng cng c th xm nhp vo ni nh. Truyn ging cy trng khng c coi l mt c bit phng tin quan trng ca thc hin giao X. oryzae pv oryzae trong nc b nhim khun. l, tuy nhin, thng xuyn trnh by mt ri ro kim dch. i vi X. oryzae pv oryzicola, trng ht ging bnh c coi l v cng quan trng trong kim sot. Trang 5 Xanthomonas oryzae 5 PEST NGHA Tc ng kinh t Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae Bc l vi khun l bnh nghim trng nht ca go ng Nam , c bit k t khi trng ph bin rng ri cc ging nng sut cao ln (Ray & Sengupta, nm 1970; Feakin, 1971). Nm 1954, Nht Bn, 90 000-150 ha 000 b nh hng v thit hi hng nm t ti 22 000-110 000 t. Cn bnh ny ln u tin c bo co n vo nm 1951, nhng khng phi l cho n nm 1963 rng mt epiphytotic xy ra. Vit Nam, tn tht hin nay l th t ca 22,5% t n 7,2% vo ma kh trong cc cy trng nhy cm v 9,5-1,8%, tng ng, trong khng cy trng (Exconde, 1973). Cht nit ng k lm tng tnh nhy cm. Thit hi ni chung l t quan trng hn trong t t mu m hn v cy trng ma h trng (Thng Mi Hai Thng T). Cy ma thu (thng Nm-thng Chn) v ma ng (July-December) cy trng, Tuy nhin, b thit hi ng k. Cy trng b bnh c cha mt t l cao ca ging nh rm ng cc. Tnh hnh th gii c xem xt bi mt Hi tho quc t t chc ti Manila, Philippines (Banta, 1989). Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola Sc l vi khun l ch quan trng trong mt s lnh vc trong ma rt m t v ni t l cao ca nit c s dng. N khng thng gim sn lng nu t l N thp c p dng. Thit hi ca 5-30% c bo co t n , trong khi Philippines thit hi khng coi l ng k trong c hai ma ma hoc kh (Opina Exconde, 1971). Ni chung,

vt l do vi khun l mt bnh t quan trng hn so vi bc l vi khun. Kim sot Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae Cn thn qun l cy trng (Padmanabhan, 1983), s dng ging khng v ht ging phng php iu tr (Singh & Monga, 1985) gip gim t l mc bnh. Ngm go cy ging khng sinh ti cy c xut (Durgapal, 1983). H thng bactericides ang c pht trin (Takahi, 1985). Bacterization ca ht ging vi hunh quang pseudomonads c th nh l mt phng php kim sot sinh hc (Anuratha & Gnanamanickam, 1987). K t khi gia tng mc nghim trng bnh vo nhng nm 1970 v 1980, loi ging khng tr thnh mt xem xt rt quan trng v c mt khi lng ln cc ti liu v chn nui v sng lc tnh khng bc l hi. S tn ti ca cc chng tc khc nhau (Sinh hc) lm cho n quan trng c c n nh (Nayak Chakrabarti, 1986) hoc ngi ln thc vt (Qi & Mew, 1985) khng chin. Xem Buddenhagen (1983), Kaul & Sharma (1987) hoc Mew (1987) kin v khng bnh bc l vi khun. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola Cc tc nhn gy bnh sc l vi khun hu nh khng i hi phi c bin php kim sot c bit no ngoi tr vic s dng ht ging khe mnh. Khng iu tr cng khng khng c c cp n bt k quan trng mc trong vn hc. Kim dch ng thc vt nguy c C hai X. oryzae pv oryzae v X. oryzae pv. oryzicola l dch hi kim dch EPPO A1 (OEPP / EPPO, 1979; 1980). Trc y l cng c ngha kim dch cho COSAVE, CPPC, IAPSC v NAPPO, trong khi sau ny c lit k ch COSAVE v IAPSC. Bc l vi khun l mt bnh cc k nghim trng, gy ra nhng vn rng ln vng Vin ng, nhng vng mt t cc vng trng la chu u. Phn phi hin c ca n cho thy rng n c th tn ti cc nc a Trung Hi v n r rng trnh by mt nguy c nghim trng i vi EPPO khu vc. Vt l do vi khun l mt bnh t quan trng, vi mt nhit i phn phi v xc sut tng ng thnh lp trong khu vc EPPO. Ca n tnh trng kim dch i vi khu vc EPPO l ng tranh ci, nhng trong mi trng hp cc bin php thc hin chng li X. oryzae pv. oryzae cng s loi tr n. Trang 6 6 Xanthomonas oryzae Kim dch ng thc vt BIN PHP EPPO cho thy rng cc nc c th cm nhp khu ht ging la t cc nc b nhim khun (OEPP / EPPO, 1990). Ngoi ra, cc ht ging nh vy nn n t mt ch ging cy trng kim tra pht trin ma, v bn thn h cn phi c kim tra trc v sau khi nhp khu. hai vi khun gy bnh. EPPO th tc kim dch thc vt th nghim cc ging la ang trong chun b. Liu tham kho

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