Chapter #34: The Great Depression and the New Deal FDR: A Politician in a Wheelchair Vocab: Franklin Delano

Roosevelt - Democratic nominee of 1932 election Eleanor Roosevelt - FDR's wife, became the most involved first lady What kind of man was FDR? FDR was a humble man. He gave off the impression that he was a caring man willing to do everything it took to bring reforms to the US to get out of the depression. Presidential Hopefuls of 1932 What was Roosevelt's campaign message in the 1932 election? Roosevelt's campaign message in 1932 was from the song ''Happy days are here again'' and a confidence slogan. With this message, he appealed to a majority of the US. The Humiliation of Hoover in 1932 What were the immediate results of Roosevelt's victory? The immediate results of Roosevelt's victory was that it was seen that the African American population had switched to voting for the Democrats. Also, Hoover tried to get FDR in trouble with the people during this lame duck period of being president, which he failed in. FDR and the Three R's: Relief, Recovery, Reform Vocab: New Deal - FDR's plan for getting out of the depression Banking Holiday - closed the banks for one week to help alleviate panic among consumers Hundred Days - FDR's first hundred days in office where he passed countless bills Three R's - Relief, recovery and reform Describe the purpose and implementation of the New Deal. The purpose of the New Deal was to get America out of the Great Depression. In implementing the New Deal, during FDR's first hundred days as president, he passed many bills to help the economy and to help out citizens. He passed Banking Laws, relief laws, and laws that could create jobs for Americans. Roosevelt Tackles Money and Banking Vocab: Fireside Chats -radio chats from FDR to America that he would use to tell people about issues that were going on and what he was going to do to help them. Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act - set up the FDIC which insured people's money up to 5000 so people wouldn't be scared that they would lose it. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation - created from the Glass Steagall Banking Reform Act Managed Currency - Where the dollar off the gold standard was taken off

What were the key aspects of FDR's monetary policy? The key aspects of FDR's monetary policy was to alleviate people's concern over losing them money, creating inflation, and to have more paper money in circulation so that people could pay back their loans. Creating Jobs for the Jobless Vocab: CCC - Young men hired to work in national forests, given shelter, and then a nice paycheck to bring home. FERA - gov. handouts where 3 billion was given out to the states to give out to people for relief AAA - gave low interest loans to farmers HOLC - refinanced people's home loans at lower rates CWA - temporary jobs for people in the winter Explain the difference between New Deal agencies and what radical critics wanted the government to do. What the New Deal did was help people find jobs and to help their current situations now, whether that be with their homes or their farms. The Radical critics wanted to physically handout 5000 dollars to every single citizen. A Day for Every Demagogue Vocab: Father Charles Coughlin - Catholic priest anti-New Deal who discussed Social Justice over the radio Huey Long - was the critic with the Share the Wealth idea where the government would give 5000 dollars to people in need of relief Dr. Francis E. Townsend - wanted to give 200 dollars a month to 5 million senior citizens for them to spend to boost the economy WPA - spent 11 billion building bridges, buildings, etc. Helped to curb unemployment. How did unemployment and suffering help to create a dangerous situation for the nation? Unemployment and suffering helped to create a dangerous situation for the nation because the nation was very unstable right now, and especiallly cynical towards the government because of the impression that the Hoover Administration gave off of doing little to help get out of the Depression.

Helping Industry and Labor Vocab: NRA - set up codes of fair industry were max hours were set up, minimum wage, child labor laws, and labor unions were protected. PWA - sought to build infastructure and public works buildings, dams, and set up over 34000 projects How did the NRA attempt to restore industry? The NRA attempted to restore industry by providing people with a means to want to go back to work. The NRA was set up so businesses had to have a

minimum wage, restrictions on child labor, and there was a max hours people week that businesses could have their workers on. Paying Farmers Not to Farm How did the federal government attempt to help farmers? The federal government attempted to help farmers with the passing of two Agricultural Adjustment Acts which payed farmers to farm less so that they would not have a surplus of crops and go into debt all over again. Also the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act which paid farmers to plant crops like soybeans that preserved the soil. Dust Bowls and Black Blizzards Vocab: Dust Bowl - Where the fertile topsoil on farms blew away during a drought in Oklahama, kansas, and Texas Okies and Arkies - since the farmers could not farm, they had to look for new jobs elsewhere. The Grapes of Wrath - novel by Steinbeck which talked about the Okies and their adventure looking for work Indian Reorganization Act - opposite of the Dawes Act, which encouraged Indians to live traditionally How did nature cause problems for some farmers on the plains? Nature especially caused issues for farmers on the plains with the Dust Bowl. There was a massive drought in states like OK, KS, and TX and on top of that, the winds blew away the fertile top soil on the farms, virtually making it impossible for farmers to use that land. Battling Bankers and Big Business Vocab: Federal Securities Act - required companies to report honest financial numbers. SEC - set up to monitor stocks. "Reformist New Dealers were determined from the outset to curb the `money changers....'" Explain. From the Start, New Dealers wanted to make sure that something like the stock market crash and Black Tuesday could never happen again. So they found the root of the problem, which was the money changers, and tried to make sure of it, that that would not happen again.

The TVA Harnesses the Tennessee River Vocab: TVA - built a serious of dams across TN River, provided jobs, helped with housing, and provided electricity to people. Creeping Socialism What arguments were used for and against the TVA project? Arguments for the the TVA Project was that it would make for more jobs since the dam needed construction work, and it would also improve housing in those areas.

Makers of America: The Dust Bowl Migrants Vocab: Farm Security Administration - set out to improve the lifestyle of farmers, and the government would buy part of the farmers land and set up group farms. Okievilles - poor towns in Oklahoma. Housing Reform and Social Security Vocab: FHA - offered low interest home loans and then gave people jobs to build homes. Social Security - set up a payment plan for old people, delinquent children, handicapped and dependents. How did the FHA and Social Security attempt to help some of society's least fortunate? The FHA attempted to help the least fortunate by stopping the spread of slums. The FHA would help the poor buy homes on low interest rates and then go out and build other homes for money. Social Security ensured that you wouldn't have to work for the rest of your life and would not have to worry about money if you were incapable of working. A New Deal for Labor Vocab: Wagner Act - organized the right of unions to collectively bargain and strike National Labor Relations Board - in charge of labor unions during the time CIO - organized by John Lewis, admitted the unskilled How did labor respond to the improvement of conditions brought about by the New Deal? With the improvement of working conditions in the New Deal, workers, both skilled, and unskilled were able to find jobs. Also, labor unions had a huge membership increase. Landon Challenges "the Champ Vocab: Alfred Landon - governor of Kansas, Republican canididate of 1936 election American Liberty League - Where Democrats and Republicans joined together because they didn't like the socialist impressions of FDR What was the significance of the 1936 election? The significance of the 1936 elections was that the American Liberty League formed. With this, Democrats and Republicans joined together to form a group against FDR's socialist reforms. Nine Old Men on the Supreme Bench Why did Roosevelt ask Congress for a bill that would allow him to add justices to the Supreme Court? Roosevelt asked Congress for a bill that would allow him to add justices to the Supreme Court so that he could gain support for what he wanted.

The Court Changes Course Vocab: Court Packing - Packing the court with your supporters Hugo Black - appointed as a justice to the Supreme Court What were the consequences of FDR's attempt to pack the Court? Consequences of FDR's attempt to pack the Court were that he even caused more tension with the Supreme Court and they were even more against him. Also, some people were not beginning to see FDR as a dictator. The Twilight of the New Deal Vocab: Roosevelt Recession - Where Social Security cut into people's spending money and FDR finally cut back on massive government spending John Maynard Keynes - British economist who said its okay for the government to deficit spend Hatch Act - banned federal officials from politically campaigning Assess the successfulness of FDR in his second term. FDR's success in his second term was very limited. He did not do much to help get out of the Depression and reverted back to his old ways of massive deficit spending. New Deal or Raw Deal? What criticism of the New Deal seems most fair to you? Least fair? The criticism of the New Deal that seems most fair is the massive government spending. Because of this, the US was now doubled in debt in a matter of a 7 years. The least fair is that he didn't do anything. With the New Deal, he passed many bills to help unemployment and the banks and stock markets.