!

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Naicus R. Numfoiu (127S7)
Abiaham C. Bates (1244u)
Tyson B. Snow (1u747)
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1S West South Temple, Suite 1uuu
Salt Lake City, 0tah 841u1
Phone: 8u1-428-2uuu
Fax: 8u1-662-uu82
mimm2ib.com
abe.batesm2ib.com
tyson.snowm2ib.com

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RICBARB B0TCBER anu uWEN B0TCBER, anu
RICBARB FERu0S0N anu NICBELLE
FERu0S0N, on theii own behalf anu on behalf of
a class of similaily situateu peisons,
Plaintiffs,

v.

REC0NTR0ST C0NPANY, N.A.; BAC B0NE
L0ANS SERvICINu LP, anu BANK 0F ANERICA,
N.A.,
Befenuants.
'
'
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Case No. 2:11-cv-uu666-TS
}uuge Teu Stewait

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Plaintiffs Richaiu anu uwen Butchei, anu Richaiu anu Nichelle Feiguson, (heieinaftei
collectively iefeiieu to as "Plaintiffs"), on theii own behalf anu on behalf of a class of similaily
situateu peisons uesciibeu below, by anu thiough theii counsel Numfoiu Rawson & Bates LLC,
biing this Amenueu Class Action Complaint against Befenuants ReconTiust Company, N.A., BAC
Bome Loans Seivicing, LP, anu Bank of Ameiica, N.A. (collectively "Befenuants"), as follows:
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page1of23

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*.(./!/+.'$#'.4/'2(*/'
1. This is a uispute iegaiuing the qualifications of Befenuant ReconTiust to act in the capacity as a
piopeily qualifieu foieclosuie tiustee puisuant to 0.C.A. S7-1, subsections 21, 22 anu 2S.S(2)
(Supp. 2u11), in foieclosing on 0tah homeowneis. Befenuant Bank of Ameiica has foi yeais,
anu continues, to willfully violate the laws of the state of 0tah goveining the non-juuicial
foieclosuie of ieal piopeity locateu within the state. In uoing so, Befenuants appeai to take the
position that the laws of the state of Texas govein its tiust activities. But this position is
contiaiy to the time-honoieu law holuing that the iights anu poweis of a tiustee uepenu on the
natuie of the tiust, its valiuity anu enfoiceability, the teims of the tiust instiument, anu the
puipose anu object foi with the tiust was cieateu. In othei woius, the authoiity of a tiustee in
the management of his oi hei tiust is goveineu by the statutes of the state in which the tiust
ielationship was cieateu, the instiument cieating the tiust, anu common-law iules goveining
tiusts anu tiustees.
1
Any unusual powei in a tiustee must be explicitly confeiieu anu a giant of
powei to a tiustee is stiictly constiueu against the extension of such powei.
2. Befenuants aie foieclosing on tiust ueeu instiuments cieateu in 0tah that iepeateuly anu
expiessly iecite to tiust activities to be conuucteu in 0tah. Puipoiteu Tiustees aie appointeu
anu substituteu by the iecoiuing of instiuments in 0tah, anu all othei legally effective activity
ielateu to the non-juuicial foieclosuie of Plaintiffs' piopeities was conuucteu - as iequiieu by
0tah law - by iecoiuing instiuments anu notices as uefineu in the tiust ueeus in the offices of
the local county iecoiuei in 0tah, wheie the ieal piopeity is situateu.
S. The law of ieal piopeity has been a mattei of state pieiogative foi centuiies. Local iecoiuing
statutes pie-uate the enactment of both the 0niteu States Constitution anu the Bill of Rights.
Non-juuicial foieclosuie is a piivilege which must be exeiciseu caiefully anu in stiict
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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"9uA C.}.S. Tiusts S2S$"
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page2of23

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compliance with state statute, given the absence of supeivision by the couits. Neithei Bank of
Ameiica noi its wholly-owneu subsiuiaiy ReconTiust shoulu be peimitteu to hiue behinu theii
feueial chaiteis, selecting the state law which they finu most convenient anu efficient to
conuuct tiust activities ielateu to ieal piopeity, in expiess effoits to avoiu the costs of
compliance with the laws of the state in which they liquiuate tiust ueeu assets.
4. The plain language of 0.C.A. S7-1-21, -22, anu -2S.S anu 12 0.S.C. 92(a) iequiie that
Befenuants must comply with the 0tah law when the tiust activities in question aie conuucteu
within this state. The State in which Befenuants aie chaiteieu is of no moment, because the
chaitei is a sepaiate exeicise of fiuuciaiy powei inuepenuent of the thousanus of sepaiate
exeicises of (limiteu) fiuuciaiy tiust poweis at issue heie - wheie ReconTiust is foieclosing as
the puipoiteu tiustee against Plaintiffs' ieal piopeity locateu in 0tah. The fiuuciaiytiust
poweis at issue in this case aie exeiciseu puisuant to the tiust ueeus executeu anu iecoiueu
against the ieal piopeity in question - not baseu upon ReconTiust's chaitei in the state of
Texas. The fact that ReconTiust peifoimeu ministeiial acts in Texas in piepaiation foi its tiust
activities in 0tah is not contiolling as to its "location," as such effoits aie completely ineffective
as a mattei of law to exeicise the "powei of sale" on the tiust piopeities in 0tah that aie the
subject of this case. The tiust activities aie effective only when the uocuments aie iecoiueu in
the state of 0tah in the offices of the county iecoiuei wheie the ieal piopeity is locateu.
6(%.3/*'
S. Plaintiffs Richaiu anu uwen Butchei (the "Butcheis") aie citizens of 0tah, who iesiue at
67S East 14uu Noith, Napleton, 0tah 84664. The Butcheis owneu theii home until }une
14, 2u11, when Befenuants illegally foiecloseu anu took title to the piopeity.
6. Plaintiffs Richaiu anu Nichelle Feiguson ("Feigusons") aie citizens of 0tah, who iesiue at
44S2 South S729 West, Salt Lake City, 0tah 84128. The Feigusons owneu theii home until
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page3of23

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Nay 24, 2u11, when Befenuants illegally foiecloseu anu took title to the piopeity.
7. Befenuant Bank of Ameiica, N. A. ("Bank of Ameiica" of "BofA" ), is a Belawaie company,
heauquaiteieu in Chailotte, Noith Caiolina, anu at all times ielevant heiein was uoing business
in the state of 0tah.
8. Befenuant BAC Bome Loans Seivicing LP ("BAC BLS") was a wholly-owneu subsiuiaiy of BofA,
baseu in Calabasas, Califoinia, which seiviceu 14 million, oi 1 in S of all 0S moitgages, until it
became a uefunct entity by meigei with paient BofA as of }uly 1, 2u11 aftei the filing of
Plaintiffs' oiiginal Complaint. BAC BLS was, at all times ielevant heiein, uoing business in the
state of 0tah.
9. Befenuant ReconTiust Company, N.A. ("ReconTiust") was incoipoiateu in the state of Belawaie
in 2u1u by Befenuant BofA as a wholly-owneu subsiuiaiy anu piivate Tiust Seivice Company,
with its piincipal heauquaiteis in Richaiuson, Texas. ReconTiust at all times ielevant heiein
was uoing business anu conuucting tiust activities in the state of 0tah. BofA, BAC BLS, anu
ReconTiust aie heieinaftei collectively iefeiieu to as the "BofA Befenuants."
7"%3*&32.3$+'(+&'5/+"/'
8. Plaintiffs oiiginally fileu in 0tah state couit puisuant to 0.C.A. 78A-S-1u2. Befenuants
iemoveu puisuant to 28 0.S.C. 1SS2. Plaintiffs aie seeking, among othei things, Beclaiatoiy
}uugment ielateu to 0tah's non-juuicial foieclosuie statute, 0.C.A. S7-1-et seq.
9. venue is piopei in Salt Lake County puisuant to 0.C.A. 78B-S-Su1 because the ieal piopeities
at issue aie locateu in 0tah anu Salt Lake Counties.
9/+/%(1'(11/9(.3$+*'
1u. Beginning in 2uu1, the 0tah legislatuie enacteu legislation to iesponu to a giowing pioblem in
the state: tiustees on tiust ueeus in 0tah weie senuing notices of uefault anu tiustee's sales to
homeowneis, anu thieatening non-juuicial foieclosuie, without giving homeowneis any ieal
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page4of23

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oppoitunity to iesolve the issues piesenteu by those notices with an actual peison on the othei
siue. To auuiess this pioblem, the legislatuie enacteu a statutoiy iegimen iestiicting the
"poweis of sale" unuei the state's non-juuicial foieclosuie piocess to authoiizeu "tiustees" who
have an office in the state, anu with whom homeowneis coulu meet with face-to-face. The
legislative intent of the 0tah law is set foith in /,&.%(0."1)23)415$",&**, S71 F.Su 1uSS, 1uS6-S7
(1uth Cii. 2uu9), which is incoipoiateu heiein by iefeience.
11. In paiticulai, 0tah law pioviues that only "qualifieu" tiustees, appointeu as such, aie given "the
powei of sale" anu fuithei, in auuition to the noimal limitations on tiustees in geneial, as
outlineu at 0tah Coue Ann. S7-1-21.S, only "qualifieu" tiustees aie authoiizeu to caiiy out
ceitain specific statutoiily manuateu piocesses such as the filing of a notice of uefault anu the
ueliveiing of the notice of sale as pioviueu in S7-1-2S anu S7-1-26.
12. Consistent with the intent of the legislatuie, 0tah law iequiies that tiustees be, .%"&$)-,.-: an
active membei of the 0tah State Bai who maintains a bona fiue office within the state, oi a title
insuiance company with a bona fiue office in the state, wheie the tiustoi oi homeownei may
meet with the tiustee to:
(A) iequest infoimation about what is iequiieu to ieinstate oi payoff the obligation secuieu by
the tiust ueeu;
(B) uelivei wiitten communications to the lenuei as iequiieu by both the tiust ueeu anu by law;
(C) uelivei funus to ieinstate oi payoff the loan secuieu by the tiust ueeu; oi
(B) uelivei funus by a biuuei at a foieclosuie sale to pay foi the puichase of the piopeity
secuieu by the tiust ueeu. 0.C.A. S7-1-21(1).
1S. ReconTiust is not a membei of the 0tah State Bai oi 0tah title insuiance company anu thus not
a qualifieu tiustee unuei 0tah law. ReconTiust has no bona fiue office within the state. In
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page5of23

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exeicising poweis of sale puipoiteuly obtaineu anu exeiciseu by ReconTiust as tiustee, it is an
"unauthoiizeu peison" conuucting "unauthoiizeu sales" unuei 0tah law.
14. Befenuants seek to avail themselves of the piivilege of non-juuicial foieclosuie in 0tah without
the coiiesponuing iesponsibility that the law imposes.
1S. In contiavention of 0tah law anu the 0tah legislatuie's intent, anu in the oiuinaiy couise of
business since 2uu1, uefenuants Bank of Ameiica anuoi BAC have executeu anu continue to
execute oi cause to be executeu, on behalf of Bank of Ameiica oi BAC, a "Substitution of
Tiustee" naming ReconTiust as the tiustee unuei the ielevant ueeu of tiust. Bank of Ameiica,
BAC, anu ReconTiust know oi shoulu know that ReconTiust uoes not qualify as a tiustee unuei
0tah law.
16. Following the execution of the "Substitution of Tiustee" naming ReconTiust as the tiustee,
ReconTiust conuucts non-juuicial foieclosuie activities against 0tah homeowneis, filing anu
ueliveiing notices of sale anu uefault. ReconTiust has engageu otheis as non-tiustee agents to
caiiy out the tiust activities - incluuing the exeicise of the powei of sale - that only a uuly
qualifieu Tiustee may exeicise.
17. The piactical anu intenueu effect of Befenuants' appointment of ReconTiust as substitute
tiustee is to ueny 0tah homeowneis the necessaiy oppoitunity oi place to meet with a qualifieu
tiustee to iequest infoimation, uelivei wiitten communications oi ieinstatement funus, oi to
come to a woikout aiiangement wheieby 0tah homeowneis coulu iesolve issues with the
moitgages seiviceu by Befenuants piioi to the uiastic iemeuy of non-juuicial foieclosuie.
18. Weie Befenuants to comply with 0tah Coue Ann. S7-1-19, &")(&6., Befenuants woulu have to
face homeowneis uiiectly anu pioviue legitimate uocumentation ielateu to theii loans anu
secuiity instiuments, incluuing having to answei questions such as who owns the oiiginal note,
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page6of23

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who is legitimately authoiizeu to mouify the teims of the note, anu who is legitimately
authoiizeu to negotiate the cuiing of uefault oi the ie-instatement of a loan.
19. Befenuants have avoiueu compliance with 0tah law because such compliance woulu be costly
anu buiuensome to them, they uo not have the moitgage uocumentation that
BoiioweisTiustois may iequest, they often uo not know who owns the unueilying note, anu
they uo not often know who has authoiity to negotiate a final iesolution oi to cuie a uefault.
2u. In fuitheiance of this unlawful tiust activityfoieclosuie scheme, Befenuants hiue fiom
homeowneis essential infoimation iegaiuing the tiue owneiship of the ielevant loans, the
iuentity of coipoiate officeis, anu the legitimacy of public iecoius filings. The iesult is that
unsophisticateu boiioweihomeowneis have no ieasonable means to apply foi oi ieceive
iemeuies available to them by state anu feueial laws anu iegulation. Befenuants iely on this
lack of boiioweitiustoi sophistication in theii effoits to non-juuicially foieclosuie absent the
supeivision of the couits in the mannei which is the quickest anu most cost effective foi them.
21. Puisuant to this scheme, Befenuants have conuucteu tens of thousanus of non-juuicial
foieclosuies illegally, having faileu to comply with 0tah Coue Ann. S7-1-2u, et seq., anu have
initiateu at least 7Su such sales, which aie piesently penuing in 0tah. While Befenuants have
substituteu in Stuait Natheson anu his law fiim (heieinaftei, "Natheson") in many of the non-
juuicial foieclosuies aftei a hanuful of BoiioweisTiustois biought actions in couit, the legal
issues piesenteu heiein aie capable of iepetition because Befenuants can substitute
ReconTiust in place of a qualifieu tiustee at any time, anu have iepeateuly showeu theii
willingness to uo so in Plaintiffs' cases anu in the mattei of 7&,,)23)8#5%"'9.:&)7-%;<)&")-,3, Civ.
No. 2:11-Cv-uu271.
22. A iecent consent oiuei between Bank of Ameiica anu the 0niteu States Bepaitment of Tieasuiy
factually coiioboiates anu eviuences the above allegations. Bank of Ameiica aumitteu, among
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page7of23

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othei things, that it hau, in "connection with ceitain foieclosuies of loans in its iesiuential
moitgage seivicing poitfolio," incluuing foieclosuies in 0tah:
a. "fileu oi causeu to be fileu . affiuavits executeu by its employees oi employees of
thiiu-paity seivice pioviueis making vaiious asseitions, such as owneiship of the
moitgage note anu moitgage, the amount of the piincipal anu inteiest uue, anu the
fees anu expenses chaigeable to the boiiowei, in which the affiant iepiesenteu that
the asseitions in the affiuavit weie maue baseu on peisonal knowleuge oi baseu on
a ieview by the affiant of the ielevant books anu iecoius, when, in many cases, they
weie not baseu on such peisonal knowleuge oi ieview of the ielevant books anu
iecoius";
b. "fileu oi causeu to be fileu . numeious affiuavits oi othei moitgage-ielateu
uocuments that weie not piopeily notaiizeu, incluuing those not signeu oi affiimeu
in the piesence of a notaiy";
c. "litigateu foieclosuie pioceeuings anu initiateu non-juuicial foieclosuie pioceeuings
without always ensuiing that eithei the piomissoiy note oi the moitgage uocument
weie piopeily enuoiseu oi assigneu anu, if necessaiy, in the possession of the
appiopiiate paity at the appiopiiate time";
u. "faileu to uevote sufficient financial, staffing anu manageiial iesouices to ensuie
piopei auministiation of its foieclosuie piocesses";
e. "faileu to uevote to its foieclosuie piocesses auequate oveisight, inteinal contiols,
policies, anu pioceuuies, compliance iisk management, inteinal auuit, thiiu paity
management, anu tiaining"; anu
f. "faileu to sufficiently oveisee outsiue counsel anu othei thiiu-paity pioviueis
hanuling foieclosuie-ielateu seivices."
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2S. Fuithei, on Nay 19, 2u11, the 0tah Attoiney ueneial infoimeu Bank of Ameiica by wiitten
lettei that ReconTiust was "not in compliance" with 0tah laws passeu in 2uu1 anu 2uu4
because ReconTiust was not a "valiu tiustee." The 0tah Attoiney ueneial concluueu that "all
ieal estate foieclosuies conuucteu by ReconTiust in the State of 0tah aie . illegal."
24. Befenuants have piofiteu fiom this complex scheme anu theii willful violations of 0tah law.
&".24/%'*6/23#32'(11/9(.3$+*'
2S. 0n oi about Novembei 7, 2uu7, Plaintiffs Richaiu anu uwen Butchei executeu a piomissoiy
note (heieinaftei, the "Butchei Note") in favoi of Countiywiue Bank, FSB listeu as "Lenuei" on
the loan uocuments in oiuei to puichase the ieal piopeity commonly known as 67S East 14uu
Noith, Napleton, 0tah (heieinaftei, the "Butchei Piopeity").
26. 0n oi about Novembei 7, 2uu7, the Butcheis executeu a Beeu of Tiust (heieinaftei the "Butchei
Tiust Beeu") in the state of 0tah foi the puiposes of secuiing the Butchei Note. The paities to
the Butchei Tiust Beeu weie the Butcheis as the "Boiioweis," Countiywiue Bank, FSB, as the
Lenuei, anu Natheson as Tiustee.
27. The Butcheis executeu the Note anu Tiust Beeu, along with othei loan closing uocumentation,
at Countiywiue's local offices locateu at 1u7u1 S. Rivei Fiont Paikway #4uu, South }oiuan, 0T
84u9S.
28. The oiiginal tiustee of the Butchei Tiust Beeu was Stewait T Natheson, Attoiney at Law, 64u E
Fiist South, Salt Lake City, 0T 841u2. 4&&).:3)at paiagiaph (B).
29. The Butchei Tiust Beeu is specifically iuentifieu on each page by a stamp which specifically
ieaus that it is 0tah specific. 4&&).:3
Su. The Butchei Tiust Beeu was iecoiueu in the offices of the 0tah County Recoiuei on Novembei
26
th
, 2uu7. 4&&).:3
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page9of23

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S1. The ietuin auuiess foi the iecoiuing of the Butchei Tiust Beeu is Custom Title Solutions, which
was baseu in Santa Ana, Califoinia. 4&&).:3)at p. 1.
S2. The Butchei Tiust Beeu uefineu "Applicable Law" as "all contiolling applicable feueial, state
anu location statutes . . . ." 4&&).:3)at paiagiaph (I).
SS. The Butchei Tiust Beeu uefineu "Successoi in Inteiest of Boiiowei" as "any paity that has
taken title to the Piopeity . . . ." 4&&).:3)at paiagiaph Q.
S4. The Butchei Tiust Beeu iequiies that notices in connection with the secuiity instiument,
incluuing any Substitution of Tiustee, Notice of Befault, oi Notice of Tiustee's Sale, be ueliveieu
in wiiting to the Boiiowei at the Piopeity Auuiess locateu in the state of 0tah. 4&&).:3)at
paiagiaph 1S.
SS. The Butchei Tiust Beeu ueclaieu that both feueial law anu the "law of the juiisuiction in which
the Piopeity is locateu" goveining the instiument anu its constiuction, consistent with
Applicable Law. 4&&).:3)at paiagiaph 16.
S6. The Butchei Tiust Beeu iequiieu the Beneficiaiy to pioviue notice of acceleiation to the
Boiiowei in the state of 0tah. 4&&).:3)at paiagiaph 18.
S7. The Butchei Tiust Beeu pioviueu the Boiioweis with the iight to ieinstate aftei acceleiation, a
iemeuy to be peifoimeu in the state of 0tah piioi to the exeicise of the powei of sale. 4&&).:3 at
paiagiaph 19.
S8. The Butchei Tiust Beeu iecites non-unifoim covenants specifically uesigneu to puipoit to
comply with the Applicable Law of the state of 0tah, by setting foith both the acceleiation anu
ieinstatement peiious iequiieu befoie the powei of sale coulu be exeiciseu by the Tiustee.
These covenants specifically iecite to statutoiy iequiiements that unambiguously iefei to the
iequiiements of 0tah's tiust ueeu statute, 0.C.A. S7-1-19 - S7-1-S6, setting foith the mannei in
which the piopeity coulu be solu by non-juuicial piocess thiough public auveitisement anu
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setting foith the uistiibution of pioceeus fiom such sale consistent with state law. 4&&).:3)at
paiagiaph 22.
S9. The Butchei Tiust Beeu iecites the Tiustee's uuties ielateu to any ieconveyance of the
piopeity, an act which must be peifoimeu by iecoiuation in offices of the 0tah County
Recoiuei. 4&&).:3)at paiagiaph 2S.
4u. The Butchei Tiust Beeu, consistent with state statute, specifically iecites that any successoi
tiustee, as with the oiiginal tiustee, shall have "all <sic> title, powei anu uuties" confeiieu upon
the Tiustee heiein anu by Applicable Law." 4&&).:3)at paiagiaph 24.
41. The Butchei Tiust Beeu iequiieu that copies of any notice of uefault anu sale be sent to the
Boiioweis auuiess which is the Piopeity Auuiess. 4&&).:3 at paiagiaph 2S.
42. The Tiust Beeu puipoiteuly became effective by its execution by the Boiioweis in the state of
0tah, acknowleugeu by a Notaiy Public as iequiieu by state law, iesiuing in Spiingville, 0tah.
4&&).:3)at p. 9.
4S. 0n Febiuaiy 8
th
, 2u11, Countiywiue Bank FSB iecoiueu a Coipoiate Assignment of Beeu of
TiustNoitgage (the "Fiist Assignment") to BAC Bome Loans Seivicing, FKA Countiywiue
Bome Loans Seivicing, iequesteu by ReconTiust anu puipoiteuly executeu by "Baviu N.
uiegoiy, Assistant Secietaiy of Countiywiue Bank FSB" by notaiizeu acknowleugment in
Taiiant County, Texas, wheie ReconTiust is locateu. The Fiist Assignment is piepaieu on a
0tah specific foim, as iuentifieu in the lowei iight hanu coinei of the uocument.
44. 0n the same uate, BAC Bome Loans Seivicing iecoiueu a Substitution of Tiustee, naming
ReconTiust as successoi tiustee to 0tah licenseu attoiney Stewait T Natheson, oiiginal tiustee
of the tiust ueeu. The Substitution of Tiustee is piepaieu on a 0tah specific foim, as iuentifieu
in the lowei iight hanu coinei of the uocument.
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4S. 0n the same uate, ReconTiust iecoiueu a Notice of Befault anu Election to Sell on behalf of BAC
Bome Loans Seivicing, LP FKA Countiywiue Bome Loans Seivicing, LP, by BAC uP, LLC, Its
ueneial Paitnei, as AIF. The Notice of Befault specifically iecites to the Butchei's allegeu
bieach puisuant to the Tiust Beeu anu as pioviueu in Title S7, Chaptei 1, 0.C.A. (19SS), -()
-0&%:&:)-%:)(5==,&0&%"&:. The Notice of Befault was executeu by one "}illian Woou,
Authoiizeu Signei," which is ambiguous as to any authoiity this inuiviuual puipoiteuly hau to
act on behalf of the puipoiteu Beneficiaiy. The Notice of Befault was piepaieu on a 0tah
specific foim, as iuentifieu in the lowei iight hanu coinei of the uocument.
46. 0n }une 17
th
, 2u11, BAC Bome Loans Seivicing FKA Countiywiue Bome Loans Seivicing LP, by
BAC uP, LLC its ueneial Paitnei, iecoiueu anothei Coipoiation Assignment of Beeu of
TiustNoitgage (the "Seconu Assignment") to Feueial National Noitgage Association
("FNNA"). The instiument was executeu by one "Caiolyn Bolleman, Assistant Secietaiy" of BAC
BLS. The Seconu Assignment was piepaieu on a 0tah specific foim, as iuentifieu in the lowei
iight hanu coinei of the uocument.
47. ReconTiust claimeu to be the "successoi" oi "substitute" tiustee unuei the Butchei Tiust Beeu,
even though ReconTiust knew oi shoulu have known that it uiu not qualify as a tiustee unuei
0tah law.
48. ReconTiust, puipoiting to act as qualifieu tiustee unuei 0tah law, publisheu notice of an illegal
non-juuicial foieclosuie sale of the Butchei Piopeity. The sale was scheuuleu foi }une 14, 2u11.
49. 0n }une 14, 2u11, ReconTiust, puipoiting to act as a qualifieu tiustee unuei 0tah law, illegally
conuucteu a non-juuicial foieclosuie sale on the Butchei Piopeity.
Su. 0n }une 2u
th
, 2u11, ReconTiust iecoiueu a Tiustee's Beeu teiminating the Butcheis' owneiship
inteiest in the piopeity in favoi of FNNA, puipoiteuly locateu at the same auuiess as BAC BLP,
4uu National Way, Simi valley, CA. The Tiustee's Beeu iecites that Befenuants piopeily
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page12of23

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complieu with the iequiiements of Title S7, but these iecitals aie false given that ReconTiust is
not a uuly qualifieu tiust ueeu Tiustee.
#/%9"*$+'*6/23#32'(11/9(.3$+*'
S1. 0n oi about August 21, 2uu7, Plaintiffs Richaiu u. Feiguson anu Nichelle R. Feiguson executeu
a piomissoiy note (heieinaftei, the "Feiguson Note") in favoi of Countiywiue Bank, FSB listeu
as "Lenuei" on the loan uocuments in oiuei to puichase the ieal piopeity commonly known as
44S2 South S72u West, Salt Lake City, 0tah (heieinaftei, the "Feiguson Piopeity").
S2. 0n oi about August 21, 2uu7, the Feigusons executeu a Beeu of Tiust (heieinaftei the
"Feiguson Tiust Beeu") in the state of 0tah foi the puiposes of secuiing the Feiguson Note. The
paities to the Feiguson Tiust Beeu weie the Feigusons as the "Boiioweis," Countiywiue Bank,
FSB, as the Lenuei, anu Natheson as Tiustee.
SS. The oiiginal tiustee of the Feiguson Tiust Beeu was Stewait T Natheson, Attoiney at Law, 648
E Fiist South, Salt Lake City, 0T 841u2. 4&&).:. at paiagiaph (B).
S4. The Feiguson Tiust Beeu is specifically iuentifieu on each page by a stamp which specifically
ieaus that it is 0tah specific. 4&&).:.
SS. The Feiguson Tiust Beeu was iecoiueu in the offices of the Salt Lake County Recoiuei on
Septembei 6th, 2uu7. 4&&).:.
S6. The ietuin auuiess foi the iecoiuing of the Feiguson Tiust Beeu is Chicago Title, SeiviceLink
Bivision in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania. 4&&).:. at p. 1.
S7. The Feiguson Tiust Beeu uefineu "Applicable Law" as "all contiolling applicable feueial, state
anu location statutes . . . ." 4&&).:3 at paiagiaph (I).
S8. The Feiguson Tiust Beeu uefineu "Successoi in Inteiest of Boiiowei" as "any paity that has
taken title to the Piopeity . . . ." 4&&).:. at paiagiaph Q.
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page13of23

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S9. The Feiguson Tiust Beeu iequiies that notices in connection with the secuiity instiument,
incluuing any Substitution of Tiustee, Notice of Befault, oi Notice of Tiustee's Sale, be ueliveieu
in wiiting to the Boiiowei at the Piopeity Auuiess locateu in the state of 0tah. 4&&).:. at
paiagiaph 1S.
6u. The Feiguson Tiust Beeu ueclaieu that both feueial law anu the "law of the juiisuiction in
which the Piopeity is locateu" goveining the instiument anu its constiuction, consistent with
Applicable Law. 4&&).:. at paiagiaph 16.
61. The Feiguson Tiust Beeu iequiieu the Beneficiaiy to pioviue notice of acceleiation to the
Boiiowei in the state of 0tah. 4&&).:. at paiagiaph 18.
62. The Feiguson Tiust Beeu pioviueu the Boiioweis with the iight to ieinstate aftei acceleiation,
a iemeuy to be peifoimeu in the state of 0tah piioi to the exeicise of the powei of sale. 4&&).:.
at paiagiaph 19.
6S. The Feiguson Tiust Beeu iecites non-unifoim covenants specifically uesigneu to puipoit to
comply with the Applicable Law of the state of 0tah, by setting foith both the acceleiation anu
ieinstatement peiious iequiieu befoie the powei of sale coulu be exeiciseu by the Tiustee.
These covenants specifically iecite to statutoiy iequiiements that unambiguously iefei to the
iequiiements of 0tah's tiust ueeu statute, 0.C.A. S7-1-19 - S7-1-S6, setting foith the mannei in
which the piopeity coulu be solu by non-juuicial piocess thiough public auveitisement anu
setting foith the uistiibution of pioceeus fiom such sale consistent with state law. 4&&).:. at
paiagiaph 22.
64. The Feiguson Tiust Beeu iecites the Tiustee's uuties ielateu to any ieconveyance of the
piopeity, an act which must be peifoimeu by iecoiuation in offices of the Salt Lake County
Recoiuei. 4&&).:. at paiagiaph 2S.
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page14of23

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6S. The Feiguson Tiust Beeu, consistent with state statute, specifically iecites that any successoi
tiustee, as with the oiiginal tiustee, shall have "all <sic> title, powei anu uuties" confeiieu upon
the Tiustee heiein anu by Applicable Law." 4&&).:. at paiagiaph 24.
66. The Feiguson Tiust Beeu iequiieu that copies of any notice of uefault anu sale be sent to the
Boiioweis auuiess which is the Piopeity Auuiess. 4&&).:. at paiagiaph 2S.
67. The Tiust Beeu puipoiteuly became effective by its execution by the Boiioweis in the state of
0tah, acknowleugeu by a Notaiy Public as iequiieu by state law, iesiuing in Salt Lake County,
0tah. 4&&).:. at p. 11.
68. 0n }anuaiy 9th, 2u11, Countiywiue Bank FSB iecoiueu a Coipoiate Assignment of Beeu of
TiustNoitgage (the "Fiist Assignment") to BAC Bome Loans Seivicing, LP FKA Countiywiue
Bome Loans Seivicing LP, iequesteu by ReconTiust Company, N.A ("ReconTiust") anu
puipoiteuly executeu by "Camelia Boone, Assistant Secietaiy of Noitgage Electionic
Registiation Systems, Inc." by notaiizeu acknowleugment in Taiiant County, Texas, wheie
ReconTiust is locateu. The Fiist Assignment is piepaieu on a 0tah specific foim, as iuentifieu in
the lowei iight hanu coinei of the uocument.
69. 0n the same uate, BAC Bome Loans Seivicing iecoiueu a Substitution of Tiustee, naming
ReconTiust as successoi tiustee to 0tah licenseu attoiney Stewait T. Natheson, oiiginal tiustee
of the tiust ueeu. The Substitution of Tiustee is piepaieu on a 0tah specific foim, as iuentifieu
in the lowei iight hanu coinei of the uocument.
7u. 0n the same uate, ReconTiust iecoiueu a Notice of Befault anu Election to Sell on behalf of BAC
Bome Loans Seivicing, LP FKA Countiywiue Bome Loans Seivicing, LP, by BAC uP, LLC, Its
ueneial Paitnei, as AIF. The Notice of Befault specifically iecites to the Feiguson's allegeu
bieach puisuant to the Tiust Beeu anu as pioviueu in Title S7, Chaptei 1, 0.C.A. (19SS), as
amenueu anu supplementeu. The Notice of Befault was executeu by one "}illian Woou,
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page15of23

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Authoiizeu Signei," which is ambiguous as to any authoiity this inuiviuual puipoiteuly hau to
act on behalf of the puipoiteu Beneficiaiy. The Notice of Befault was piepaieu on a 0tah
specific foim, as iuentifieu in the lowei iight hanu coinei of the uocument.
71. 0n }une 1st, 2u11, BAC Bome Loans Seivicing FKA Countiywiue Bome Loans Seivicing LP, by
BAC uP, LLC its ueneial Paitnei, iecoiueu anothei Coipoiation Assignment of Beeu of
TiustNoitgage (the "Seconu Assignment") to Feueial National Noitgage Association
("FNNA"). The instiument was executeu by one "Lanetia }ones, Assistant Secietaiy" of BAC
BLS. The Seconu Assignment was piepaieu on a 0tah specific foim, as iuentifieu in the lowei
iight hanu coinei of the uocument.
72. ReconTiust claimeu to be the "successoi" oi "substitute" tiustee unuei the Feiguson Tiust
Beeu, even though ReconTiust knew oi shoulu have known that it uiu not qualify as a tiustee
unuei 0tah law.
7S. ReconTiust, puipoiting to act as qualifieu tiustee unuei 0tah law, publisheu notice of an illegal
non-juuicial foieclosuie sale of the Feiguson Piopeity. The sale was scheuuleu foi Nay 24,
2u11.
74. 0n Nay 24, 2u11, ReconTiust, puipoiting to act as a qualifieu tiustee unuei 0tah law, illegally
conuucteu a non-juuicial foieclosuie sale on the Feiguson Piopeity.
7S. 0n }une 1st, 2u11, ReconTiust iecoiueu a Tiustee's Beeu teiminating the Feigusons' owneiship
inteiest in the piopeity in favoi of FNNA, puipoiteuly locateu at the same auuiess as BAC BLP,
4uu National Way, Simi valley, CA. The Tiustee's Beeu iecites that Befenuants piopeily
complieu with the iequiiements of Title S7, but these iecitals aie false given that ReconTiust is
not a uuly qualifieu tiust ueeu Tiustee.


Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page16of23

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21(**'(2.3$+'(11/9(.3$+*'
76. This action is biought unuei 0tah Rule of Civil Pioceuuie 2S on behalf of Plaintiffs anu otheis
similaily situateu as uesciibeu below:
2:;<<'=>?@A@B@CAD'All peisons subjecteu to the actions of Befenuants in non-juuicial foieclosuie
pioceeuings instituteu by BofA, BAC BLS, wheieby ReconTiust, as the puipoiteu tiustee,
exeiciseu tiust activities in the state of 0tah in violation of 0tah Coue Ann. S7-1-2u et seq., in
the time peiiou set foith as follows:
*EFG:;<<'(: fiom }anuaiy 1, 2uu1, until Nay 1u, 2u11;
*EFG:;<<'-: fiom Nay 1u, 2u11, to piesent, anu continuing thiough the penuency of this action.
77. Plaintiffs aie similaily situateu to othei 0tah homeowneis in the putative class wheie
Befenuants engageu in illegal tiust activities in effoits to non-juuicially foieclose without
authoiity anu in violation of 0tah law.
78. Plaintiffs aie unable to state the exact numbei of putative class without uiscoveiy of
Befenuants' iecoius. Bowevei, Plaintiffs aie infoimeu anu believe, anu theieon allege, that the
class exceeus 1u,uuu membeis. In paiticulai, Befenuants have conuucteu moie than 2Su non-
juuicial foieclosuie sales in the state of 0tah since Nay 17, 2u1u, anu hau appioximately 1,Suu
sales auveitiseu pei month piioi to the enactment of 0.C.A. S7-1-2S.S.
79. The pioposeu class is so numeious as to make joinuei of all of its membeis impiacticable.
8u. 0pon infoimation anu belief, moie than 7S% of the pioposeu class membeis aie citizens of
0tah.
81. Theie aie questions of law oi fact common to the pioposeu class. Foi example, the iights that
aie the subject of this litigation aie helu in common by each class membei. Plaintiffs have each
been foiecloseu upon wheie the chain of title to theii piopeity eviuences unlawful tiust activity
by ReconTiust at the uiiection of Befenuants. In many, if not most, of these cases Plaintiffs have
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page17of23

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been foicibly evicteu fiom theii homes by Befenuants acting thiough oi on behalf of
ReconTiust. This tiust activities, incluuing the iecoiuing of Substitutions of Tiustee, Notices of
Befault, publication anu mailing of Notice of Tiustee's Sales, the peifoimance of the sales, the
iecoiuing of Tiustee's Beeus, anu ensuing eviction pioceeuings weie conuucteu baseu upon
Befenuants violation of state law goveining such activities anu the non-juuicial exeicise of the
powei of sale confeiieu by the tiust ueeus.
82. Befenuants' lack of authoiity to conuuct these tiust activities, incluuing the exeicise of the
powei of sale, is an issue of law common to all membeis of the class.
8S. The nameu Plaintiffs will faiily anu auequately piotect the inteiests of the class.
84. Counsel aie competent anu expeiienceu in complex civil litigation matteis, incluuing class
actions, anu paiticulaily in matteis involving the 0tah Tiust Beeu Act anu the non-juuicial
foieclosuie piocess in the state of 0tah.
8S. The claims of the nameu Plaintiffs aie typical of the claims of the membeis of the class, having
been wiongfully anu illegally foiecloseu upon by Befenuants in violation of 0tah statutes.
86. The piosecution of sepaiate actions by inuiviuual class membeis woulu cieate the iisk of
inconsistent oi vaiying aujuuications with iespect to each inuiviuual class membei, which coulu
establish incompatible stanuaius of conuuct foi Befenuants.
87. Befenuants, in thieatening anu conuucting illegal foieclosuies in the cases of the inuiviuual
Plaintiffs, anu thioughout the state of 0tah, have acteu oi iefuseu to act on giounus geneially
applicable to all claims, theieby making appiopiiate injunctive anu monetaiy ielief foi all
membeis of each class.
88. Inueeu, the aujuuication of the nameu Plaintiffs' claims oi the stateu causes of action on an
inuiviuual basis woulu, as a piactical mattei, be uispositive on the inteiests anu iemeuies
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page18of23

!+"
"
available to the citizens of 0tah who aie not paities to penuing litigation; such inuiviuuals
inteiests woulu be impaiieu oi impeueu absent a class action pioceeuing.
89. The common questions of law oi fact pieuominate ovei any questions affecting inuiviuual class
membeis only. A class action is supeiioi to othei available methous foi the faii anu efficient
aujuuication of this contioveisy.
9u. Theie is no uifficulty that shoulu be encounteieu in the management of this litigation that
woulu piecluue its maintenance as a class action.
91. Consequently, class ceitification is piopei unuei Rule 2S of the 0tah Rules of Civil Pioceuuie.
Plaintiffs iequest that the class be ceitifieu as soon as possible.
#3%*.'2("*/'$#'(2.3$+'
&>G:;H;BCHI'7E=JK>AB'
5@C:;B@CA<'C?'"L2L(L'M'NOPQPQ0'>B'<>RL'
'
92. Plaintiffs iepeat anu ieincoipoiate all pieceuing paiagiaphs by iefeience.
9S. Plaintiffs iequest that this Couit issue ueclaiatoiy juugment ueteimining the iights, status anu
legal ielations of the paities to this action.
94. Theie is an actual contioveisy between the paities when Plaintiffs challenges the legality of the
iecoiueu uocuments on title to theii Piopeities which puipoiteuly enableu Befenuants to
exeicise the piivilege of non-juuicial foieclosuie, thiough ReconTiust anu its non-tiustee
agents, by the iecoiuing of ceitain conveyances such as Assignments, Substitutions of Tiustee,
Notices of Befault, anu Tiustee's Beeus making auveise claims to Plaintiffs' inteiests in theii
Piopeity.
9S. Plaintiffs iequest a speeuy heaiing auvanceu on the calenuai as peimitteu by Feueial Rule of
Civil Pioceuuie S7.
96. In the time peiiou at issue, Plaintiffs each obtaineu legal title to theii piopeities by waiianty
ueeu, puisuant to 0.C.A. S7-1-12, piioi to theii inteiest being tiansfeiieu in tiust puisuant to
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page19of23

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0.C.A. S7-1-2u by the execution anu $&>#$:.%?)of the Tiust Beeus on each Piopeity.
97. 0tah law peimits only piopeily qualifieu tiustee, as set foith by 0.C.A. S7-1-21(1)(a)(i) oi (iv),
to foieclose upon a tiust ueeu in the mannei pioviueu by 0.C.A. S7-1-24 anu S7-1-27, by the
exeicise of &."1&$)juuicial oi non-juuicial powei of sale. 4&&)0.C.A. S7-1-2S (2uu1).
2

98. ReconTiust is an "unauthoiizeu peison" puisuant to 0.C.A. S7-1-2S.S (2u11) when it uoes not
qualify as tiust ueeu tiustee puisuant to S7-1-21(1)(a)(i) oi (iv) by its failuie it to be an (a)
"active membei of the 0tah State Bai who maintains a place within the state"; oi (b) a title
insuiance company oi agency holuing a ceitificate of authoiity oi license unuei Title S1A,
Insuiance Coue, also "maintaining a bona fiue office in the state." 4&&).:3
99. The expiess statutoiy language of S7-1-21 expiesses the legislatuie's cleai intentions that a
piopeily qualifieu tiust ueeu tiustee 05(" maintain a bona fiue place of business within the
state of 0tah wheie tiustoihomeowneis may meet face-to-face to obtain vital infoimation
necessaiy to cuie any allegeu uefault anu to otheiwise avoiu the consequences of non-juuicial
foieclosuie within the timelines piesciibeu by statute.
1uu. Plaintiffs piay foi ueclaiatoiy juugment that ReconTiust must comply with 0tah law in
availing itself of the piivilege of non-juuicial foieclosuie in conuucting foieclosuies against 0tah
homeowneis as a puipoiteu "tiustee" unuei the 0tah Tiust Beeu Act.
1u1. Plaintiffs piay foi ueclaiatoiy juugment that ReconTiust is not qualifieu, puisuant to S7-1-
21(S) anu (4), to exeicise the powei of sale given that it is not piopeily qualifieu puisuant to
Subsections (1)(a)(i) oi (iv).
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
#
"The tiustee who is qualifieu unuei Subsection S7-1-21(1)(a)(i) oi (iv) is given the powei of sale by which
the tiustee may exeicise anu cause the tiust piopeity to be solu in the mannei pioviueu in Sections S7-1-
24 anu S7-1-27, aftei a bieach of an obligation foi which the tiust piopeity is conveyeu as secuiity; oi, at the
option of the beneficiaiy, a tiust ueeu may be foiecloseu in the mannei pioviueu by law foi the foieclosuie of
moitgages on ieal piopeity. The powei of sale may be exeiciseu by the tiustee without expiess piovision foi
it in the tiust ueeu$"
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page20of23

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1u2. Plaintiffs piay foi ueclaiatoiy juugment that the tiustees ueeus upon which ReconTiust anu
its non-tiustee agents have acteu as unqualifieu tiustees aie ineffective to encumbei anu
teiminate theii inteiest in theii ieal piopeity. The powei of sale anu othei tiustee poweis
unuei the tiust ueeu "may be exeiciseu only if the beneficiaiy has appointeu a qualifieu
successoi tiustee unuei Section S7-1-22." 4&&)0.C.A. S7-1-21(4).
1uS. Plainiffs piay foi ueclaiatoiy juugment that ReconTiust cannot exeicise the %#%@A5:.>.-,)
powei of sale confeiieu by 0.C.A. S7-1-2S, but must insteau avail itself of the A5:.>.-,
foieclosuie iemeuy set foith by statute.
1u4. Plaintiffs piay foi ueclaiatoiy juugment that Befenuants aie liable foi statutoiy uamages,
actual uamages, anu fees as to Plaintiffs Butchei, Feiguson anu otheis similaily situateu, as set
foith in pait by 0.C.A. S7-1-2S.S, when ReconTiust is an "unauthoiizeu peison" by statute
conuucting "unauthoizeu sales."
1uS. Befenuants conuucteu these "unauthoiizeu sales" by employing non-tiustee agents, uespite
having actual knowleuge that ReconTiust was an "unauthoiizeu peison" anu thus theii actions
weie unalwful anu in violation of state law.
*/2$+&'2("*/'$#'(2.3$+'
)HCAJ?E:'#CH>G:C<EH>'
5@C:;B@CA<'C?'"L2L(L'M'NOPQPSQ'

1u6. Plaintiffs iepeat anu ieincoipoiate the pieceuing paiagiaphs by iefeience.
1u7. In the time peiiou at issue in the Complaint, Befenuants conuucteu unlawful foieclosuie
activities against Plaintiffs by the peifoimance of tiust activities ielateu to Plaintiffs' tiust ueeus
without complying with 0tah law.
1u8. In the time peiiou at issue, ReconTiust was not a qualifieu tiustee puisuant to the plain
language of Title S7 subsection 21.
1u9. Plaintiffs have suffeieu uamages puisuant to Befenuants unlawful actions in ielation to the
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page21of23

##"
"
tiust piopeities, incluuing both economic anu special uamages iesulting fiom the non-juuicial
foieclosuies anu foicible evictions piosecuteu by Befenuants without piopei qualification.
.43%&'2("*/'$#'(2.3$+'
)HCAJ?E:'#CH>G:C<EH>'
"L2L(L'M'NOPQPSTLN'U*EFG:;<<'('CA:IV'

11u. Plaintiffs iepeat anu ieincoipoiate the pieceuing paiagiaphs by iefeience.
111. In the time peiiou at issue in the Complaint, anu as set foith above, Befenuants have
conuucteu unlawful foieclosuie activities against Plaintiffs by the peifoimance of tiust
activities ielateu to Plaintiffs' tiust ueeus without complying with 0tah law.
112. In the time peiiou at issue, ReconTiust was not a qualifieu tiustee puisuant to the plain
language of Title S7 subsection 21 anu was theiefoie an "unauthoiizeu peison" by statute
conuucting "unauthoizeu sales" in 0tah. 0.C.A. S7-1-2S.S.
11S. Plaintiffs have suffeieu uamages puisuant to Befenuants unlawful actions in ielation to the
tiust piopeities, incluuing both economic anu special uamages iesulting fiom the non-juuicial
foieclosuies anu foicible evictions piosecuteu by Befenuants without piopei qualification.
114. Befenuants aie theiefoie liable to Plaintiffs foi the gieatei of actual uamages oi statutoiy
uamages, anu Plaintiff's costs anu attoiney fees.
6%(8/%'#$%'%/13/#'
WBEREF0RE, Plaintiff uemanus juugment against Befenuants as follows:
1. Foi Beclaiatoiy }uugment that ReconTiust is an "unqualifieu peison" which may not exeicise
the powei of non-juuicial sale puisuant to 0tah Coue Annotateu Title S7.
2. Foi Beclaiatoiy }uugment that the Substitutions of Tiustee iecoiueu by Befenuants against
Plaintiffs' piopeities in the time peiiou at issue aie voiu.
S. Foi Beclaiatoiy }uugment that the Notices of Befault iecoiueu by Befenuants against Plaintiffs'
piopeities in the time peiiou at issue aie voiu.
Case2:11cv00666TSDocument58Filed03/21/12Page22of23

#%"
"
4. Foi Beclaiatoiy }uugment that the Assignments iecoiueu by Befenuants against Plaintiffs'
Piopeities in the time peiiou at issue aie voiu.
S. Foi Beclaiatoiy }uugment that the Tiustee's Beeus iecoiueu by Befenuants against Plaintiffs'
piopeities in the time peiiou at issue aie voiu.
6. Foi an 0iuei uiiecting all Befenuants to immeuiately iescinu the above-iuentifieu false anuoi
misleauing uocuments iecoiueu on title to Plaintiffs' Piopeity.
7. Foi a peimanent injunction pieventing Befenuants fiom conuucting non-juuicial foieclosuie
sales in the State of 0tah that uo not fully comply with the iequiiements of the 0tah Tiust Beeu
Act.
8. Foi statutoiy uamages authoiizeu by 0tah law against each uefenuant on a pei plaintiff basis
anu in favoi of each Plaintiff anu class membei, inuiviuually.
9. Foi compensatoiy anu inciuental uamages.
1u. Foi punitive uamages.
11. Foi attoiney's fees anu costs as manuateu by statute.
12. Foi any anu all othei ielief the Couit ueems appiopiiate.
Bateu this 21st Naich 2u12.
N0NF0RB RAWS0N & BATES LLC

_______________________________
Abiaham Bates
Attoineys foi Plaintiffs
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