LUYỆN THI HÓA HỌC 2012

LUYN THI I HC 2012 Page 1 of 40
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TI LIU N TP HA HC

CHNG 1: ESTE - CHT BO

Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt .
Bi 1. ESTE .
I. Khi nim : Khi thay nhm OH nhm cacboxyl ca axit cacboxylic bng nhm OR th c
este
Este n chc RCOOR
,
Trong R l gc hidrocacbon hay H; R
l gc hidrocacbon
Este no n chc C
n
H
2n
O
2
( vi n>2)
Tn ca este :
Tn gc R
+ tn gc axit RCOO (ui at)

Vd : CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
: Etylaxetat
CH
2
=CH- COOCH
3
metyl acrylat
II.L tnh :- nhit si , tan trong nc thp hn axit v ancol c cng s cacbon : axit > ancol >
este
-Mt s mi c trng : Isoamyl axetat : mi chui chn ; Etyl butiat ,etyl propionat c mi da
III TNH CHT HA HC :
a.Thy phn trong mi trng axit :to ra 2 lp cht lng , l phn ng thun nghch (2 chiu )
RCOOR
,
+ H
2
O
2 4
o
H SO d
t
RCOOH + R
,
OH
b.Thy phn trong mi trng baz ( Phn ng x phng ha ) : l phn ng 1 chiu
RCOOR
,
+ NaOH
0
t
RCOONa + R
,
OH
* ESTE t chy to thnh CO
2
v H
2
O .
2 2
CO H O
n n = ta suy ra este l este no n chc , h
(C
n
H
2n
O
2
)
IV.IU CH : axit + ancol
0
2 4
, H SO t
este + H
2
O
RCOOH + R
OH
0
2 4
, H SO t
RCOOR
+ H
2
O .
Bi 2. Lipit.
I. Khi nim:Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t bo sng,khng ha tan trong nc nhng
tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c khng phn cc.
II. Cht bo:
1/ Khi nim:
Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo gi chung l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol.
Cng thc:R
1
COO-CH
2
R
1
,R
2
,R
3
: l gc hidrocacbon

R
2
COO-CH

R
3
COO-CH
2
Vd:[CH
3
(CH
2
)
16
COO]
3
C
3
H
5
: tristearoylglixerol (tristearin)
2/ Tnh cht vt l:
- nhit thng,cht bo trng thi lng khi trong phn t c gc hidrocacbon. trng thi rn
khi trong phn t c gc hidrocacbon no.
3/ Tnh cht ha hc:
a.Phn ng thy phn: [CH
3
(CH
2
)
16
COO]
3
C
3
H
5
+3H
2
O
o
H
t
+
3CH
3
(CH
2
)
16
COOH+C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

c. Phn ng cng hidro ca cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn (b nhn to)
(C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+3H
2
0
175 195
Ni
C
(C
17
H
35
COO)
3
C
3
H
5

lng rn
b. Phn ng x phng ha: [CH
3
(CH
2
)
16
COO]
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3NaOH
0
t
3[CH
3
(CH
2
)
16
COONa]
+C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

tristearin Natristearat x phng
Bi 3. Khi nim v x phng v cht git ra tng hp
I. X phng
1. Khi nimX phng thng dng l hn hp mui natri hoc mui kali ca axit bo, c thm
mt s cht ph gia
mui Na ca axit panmitic hoc axit stearic (thnh phn chnh)
2. Phng php sn xut
- un cht bo vi dung dch kim trong cc thng kn, t
o
C cao x phng
(R-COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3NaOH
C t
o
3R-COONa + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

- Ngy nay, x phng cn c sx theo s sau:
Ankan axit cacboxylic mui Na ca axit cacboxylic
II. Cht git ra tng hp
1. Khi nim
Cht git ra tng hp l nhng cht khng phi l mui Na ca axit cacboxylic nhng c tnh
nng git ra nh x phng
hoc:Cht git ra tng hp l nhng cht khi dng cng vi nc th c tc dng lm sch cc
cht bn bm trn cc vt rn m khng gy ra cc phn ng ho hc vi cc cht
2. Phng php sn xut
- Sn xut t du m, theo s sau:
Du m axit oexylbenzensunfonic natri oexylbenzensunfonat
- Cht git ra tng hp c u im: dng c cho nc cng, v chng t b kt ta bi ion Ca
2+

- X phng c nhc im: khi dng vi nc cng
lm gim tc dng git ra v nh hng n vi si
III. Tc dng ty ra ca x phng v cht git ra tng hp
Mui Na trong x phng hay trong cht git ra tng hp lm gim sc cng b mt ca cc
cht bn bm trn vi, da,..
Phn 2. Cu hi trc nghim
Cu 1: S ng phn n chc ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O2 l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 2: S ng phn n chc ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 3: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt tc dng vi:
Na, NaOH, NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra l
A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 4: Cht X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O
2
, l este ca axit axetic. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. C
2
H
5
COOH. B. HO-C
2
H
4
-CHO. C. CH
3
COOCH
3
. D. HCOOC
2
H
5
.
Cu 5: Hp cht X c cng thc cu to: CH
3
CH
2
COOCH
3
. Tn gi ca X l:
A. etyl axetat. B. metyl propionat. C. metyl axetat. D. propyl axetat.
Cu 6: Thy phn este E c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
(c mt H
2
SO
4
long) thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v
Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y bng mt phn ng duy nht. Tn gi ca E l:
A. metyl propionat. B. propyl fomat. C. ancol etylic. D. etyl axetat.
.
Cu 7: un nng este HCOOCH
3
vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l
A. CH
3
COONa v C
2
H
5
OH. B. HCOONa v CH
3
OH.
C. HCOONa v C
2
H
5
OH. D. CH
3
COONa v CH
3
OH.
Cu 8: Thy phn este X trong mi trng kim, thu c natri axetat v ancol etylic. Cng thc ca X l
A. C2H3COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3. C. C2H5COOCH3. D. CH3COOC2H5.
Cu 9: Este metyl acrilat c cng thc l
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
. B. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
. C. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
. D. HCOOCH
3
.
Cu 10: Este vinyl axetat c cng thc l
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
. B. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
. C. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
. D. HCOOCH
3
.
Cu 11: un nng este CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l
A. CH
2
=CHCOONa v CH
3
OH. B. CH
3
COONa v CH
3
CHO.
C. CH
3
COONa v CH
2
=CHOH. D. C
2
H
5
COONa v CH
3
OH.
Cu 12: Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO2 sinh ra bng s mol O2 phn ng. Tn
gi ca este l
A. n-propyl axetat. B. metyl axetat. C. etyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat.
Cu 13: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kh nng phn ng vi: Na,
NaOH, Na2CO3. X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln
lt l:
A. CH3-COOH, CH3-COO-CH3. B. (CH3)2CH-OH, H-COO-CH3.
C. H-COO-CH3, CH3-COOH. D. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3.
Cu 14: Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):
Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l:
A. C2H5OH, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, CH3OH.
C. CH3COOH, C2H5OH. D. C2H4, CH3COOH.
Cu 15: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c to
ra ti a l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 16: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua, ancol benzylic,
p-crezol. Trong cc cht ny, s cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3.
Cu 17: Khi thu phn cht bo trong mi trng kim th thu c mui ca axit bo v
A. phenol. B. glixerol. C. ancol n chc. D. este n chc.
Cu 18: Khi x phng ha tristearin ta thu c sn phm l
A. C
15
H
31
COONa v etanol. B. C
17
H
35
COOH v glixerol.
C. C
15
H
31
COOH v glixerol. D. C
17
H
35
COONa v glixerol.
.Cu 19: Cho 6 gam mt este ca axit cacboxylic no n chc v ancol no n chc phn ng va ht vi
100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tn gi ca este l
A. etyl axetat. B. propyl fomiat. C. metyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat.
Cu 20: X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch
NaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn dng l
A. 400 ml. B. 300 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 200 ml.
Cu 21: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng
thu c khi lng x phng l
A. 16,68 gam. B. 18,38 gam. C. 18,24 gam. D. 17,80 gam.
Cu 22: X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23)
Cu 23: Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S cht trong
dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 24: Cht X c cng thc phn t C2H4O2, cho cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH to ra mui v nc.
Cht X thuc loi
A. ancol no a chc. B. axit khng no n chc. C. este no n chc. D. axit no n chc.
Cu 25: Thu phn hon ton 11,44 gam este no, n chc, mch h X vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,3M (va
) thu c 5,98 gam mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X l
A. Etyl fomat B. Etyl axetat C. Etyl propionat D. Propyl axetat
Cu 26: Thu phn este X c CTPT C
4
H
8
O
2
trong dung dch NaOH thu c hn hp hai cht hu c Y v Z
trong Y c t khi hi so vi H
2
l 16. X c cng thc l
A. HCOOC
3
H
7
B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
C. HCOOC
3
H
5
D. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3

Cu 27: Propyl fomat c iu ch t
A. axit fomic v ancol metylic. B. axit fomic v ancol propylic.
C. axit axetic v ancol propylic. D. axit propionic v ancol metylic.
Cu 28: Hp cht Y c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
. Khi cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra cht Z c
cng thc C
3
H
5
O
2
Na. Cng thc cu to ca Y l
A. C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
. B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. C. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. D. HCOOC
3
H
7
.
Cu 29: Trong phn t este (X) no, n chc, mch h c thnh phn oxi chim 36,36 % khi lng. S ng
phn cu to ca X l A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.
CHNG 2: GLUCOZ - SACCAROZ - TINH BT XENLULOZ
Cu 1: Trong phn t ca cacbohyrat lun c
A. nhm chc axit. B. nhm chc xeton. C. nhm chc ancol. D. nhm chc anehit.
Cu 2: Cht thuc loi isaccarit l
A. glucoz. B. saccaroz. C. xenluloz. D. fructoz.
Cu 3: Hai cht ng phn ca nhau l
A. glucoz v mantoz. B. fructoz v glucoz. C. fructoz v mantoz. D. saccaroz v glucoz.
Cu 4: Trong iu kin thch hp glucoz ln men to thnh kh CO
2
v
A. C
2
H
5
OH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. HCOOH. D. CH
3
CHO.
Cu 5: Saccaroz v glucoz u c
A. phn ng vi AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
, un nng.
B. phn ng vi dung dch NaCl.
C. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to thnh dung dch xanh lam.
D. phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit.
Cu 6: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH
3
COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH
3
CHO v CH
3
CH
2
OH. B. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
3
CHO.
C. CH
3
CH(OH)COOH v CH
3
CHO. D. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
2
=CH
2
.
Cu 7: Cht tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. xenluloz. B. tinh bt. C. fructoz. D. saccaroz.
Cu 8: Cht khng phn ng vi AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH3, un nng to thnh Ag l
A. C6H12O6 (glucoz). B. CH3COOH. C. HCHO. D. HCOOH.
Cu 9: Dy gm cc dung dch u tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 l
A. glucoz, glixerol, ancol etylic. B. glucoz, andehit fomic, natri axetat.
C. glucoz, glixerol, axit axetic. D. glucoz, glixerol, natri axetat.
Cu 10: chng minh trong phn t ca glucoz c nhiu nhm hiroxyl, ngi ta cho dung dch glucoz phn
ng vi
A. Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH, un nng. B. AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng.
C. Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. D. kim loi Na.
Cu 11: Khi ln men 360 gam glucoz vi hiu sut 100%, khi lng ancol etylic thu c l
A. 184 gam. B. 276 gam. C. 92 gam. D. 138 gam.
Cu 12: Cho m gam glucoz ln men thnh ru etylic vi hiu sut 80%. Hp th hon ton kh CO2 sinh ra vo
nc vi trong d thu c 20 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,4 B. 45. C. 11,25 D. 22,5
Cu 13: un nng dung dch cha 27 gam glucoz vi AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH3 (d) th khi lng Ag ti a
thu c l
Cu 14: Cho 50ml dung dch glucoz cha r nng tc dng vi mt lng d AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3

thu
c 2,16 gam bc kt ta. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca dung dch glucoz dng l (Cho Ag = 108)
A. 0,20M B. 0,01M C. 0,02M D. 0,10M
Cu 15: Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ng
A. ho tan Cu(OH)2. B. trng ngng. C. trng gng. D. thy phn.
Cu 16: Mt cht khi thy phn trong mi trng axit, un nng khng to ra glucoz. Cht l
A. protit. B. saccaroz. C. tinh bt. D. xenluloz.
Cu 17: Cho dy cc cht: glucoz, xenluloz, saccaroz, tinh bt, fructoz. S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng
trng gng l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 18: Cho cc cht: ancol etylic, glixerol, glucoz, imetyl ete v axit fomic. S cht tc dng c vi
Cu(OH)2 l A. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2.
Cu 19: Phn t khi trung bnh ca xenluloz l 1620 000. Gi tr n trong cng thc (C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
l
A. 10000 B. 8000 C. 9000 D. 7000
Cu 20: Trong cc cht sau: axit axetic, glixerol, glucoz, ancol etylic, xenluloz. S cht ha tan c Cu(OH)
2

nhit thng l
A. 3 B. 5 C. 1 D. 4
Cu 21: Cho cc dung dch sau: saccaroz, glucoz, anehit axetic, glixerol, ancol etylic, axetilen, fructoz. S
lng dung dch c th tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2.
Cu 22: Khi thy phn saccaroz th thu c
A. ancol etylic. B. glucoz v fructoz. C. glucoz. D. fructoz.
Cu 23: Cng thc no sau y l ca xenluloz?
A. [C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
. B. [C
6
H
8
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
. C. [C
6
H
7
O
3
(OH)
3
]
n
. D. [C
6
H
5
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
.
Cu 24: Dy cc cht no sau y u c phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit?
A. Tinh bt, xenluloz, glucoz. B. Tinh bt, xenluloz, fructoz.
C. Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz. D. Tinh bt, saccaroz, fructoz
CHNG 3: AMIN - AMINOAXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN
AMIN - ANILIN
Tc nhn Tnh cht ha hc
Amin bc 1 Amino axit protein
R NH
2
C
6
H
5

NH
2

H
2
N-CH-COOH
R
. . .NH-CH-CO-NH-CH-CO. ..
R R
H
2
O to dd
baz
- - -
axit HCl to mui to mui to mui to mui hoc b thy phn khi
nung nng
Bazo
tan(NaOH)
- - to mui thy phn khi nung nng
Ancol
ROH/ HCl
- -
+ Br
2
/H
2
O -

to kt ta - -
t
0
, xt - c - v e - aminoaxit
tham gia phn ng
trng ng ng
--
Cu(OH)
2
-

-t o hp cht mu tm
BI 9. AMIN
1/ Khi nim: Khi thay th nguyn t H trong phn t NH
3
bng gc Hirocacbon ta thu c
amin.
Vd: NH
3
, CH
3
NH
2
, C
6
H
5
NH
2
, CH
3
-NH-CH
3
xiclohexylamin
2/ ng phn:Amin thng c ng phn v mch Cacbon, v tr ca nhm chc, bc amin.
Vd: C
4
H
11
NC 8 ng phn :
3/ Phn loi: theo hai cch
a. Theo gc horcacbon: amin bo:CH
3
NH
2
, C
2
H
5
NH
2
.. v Amin thm: C
6
H
5
NH
2
,
b. Theo bc amin: Amin bc 1: R-NH
2 ,
Amin bc 2: R-NH-R
1 ,
Amin bc 3: R- N-R
1

4/ Danh php: R
3

a. Tn gc chc:
Tn gc H-C tng ng + amin Vd: CH
3
-NH
2
Metyl amin , C
6
H
5
NH
2
phnyl amin
b. Tn thay th:
Tn H-C + v tr nhm chc+ amin,Nu mch c nhnh gi tn nhnh trc
II. Tnh cht vt l
NH
2
Amin c phn t khi nh Mtyl amin, tyl amin l cht kh, mi khai, tan nhiu trong nc
Phn t khi cng tng th:-Nhit si tng dn v tan trong nc gim dn
2. Tnh cht ha hc:
a. Tnh baz:
- Cc amin mch h tan nhiu trong nc v dd lm qu tm ha xanh ( lm hng phenolphtalein ) .
- Anilin v cc amin thm khc
khng lm i mu qu tm
- Tc dng vi axt: CH
3
NH
2
+ HCl CH
3
NH
3
Cl
C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ HCl C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl
So snh lc baz :

b. Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilin

Phn ng ny dng nhn bit anilin
*Ch : Amin no n chc : C
n
H
2n+3
N

v Amin no n chc , bc 1 : C
n
H
2n+1
NH
2

BI 10 : AMINO AXIT
1. Khi nim: Amino axit l loi hp cht hu c tp chc, phn t cha ng thi nhm amino
(NH
2
) v nhm cacboxyl (COOH).
CH
3
CH COOH
NH
2
alanin
- Tn amino axit l: Tn axit tng ng c thm tip u ng amino v ch ci Hy Lp o, |, hoc
v tr cha nhm NH
2
.
1. Cu to phn t:
- Phn t amino axit c nhm cacboxyl (COOH) th hin tnh axit v nhm amino (NH
2
) th hin
tnh baz
- iu kin thng chng l cht rn kt tinh, d tan trong nc v c nhit nng chy cao
2. Tnh cht ha hc:
a/ Tnh cht lng tnh:
HOOC CH
2
NH
2
HCl HOOC CH
2
NH
3
Cl
;
H
2
N CH
2
COOH NaOH
H
2
N CH
2 COONa H
2
O

b/ Tnh axit-baz ca dung dch amino axit:
c/ Phn ng ring ca nhm COOH: phn ng este ha.
d/ Phn ng trng ngng:
nH
2
N
[
CH
2
]
5
COOH
t
o
( NH [CH
2
]
5 CO
)
n
H
2
O

NH
2 CH
3
_NH
2
> NH
3
>
NH
2
+
H
2
O
NH
2
Br Br
Br
+ 3 HBr
3 Br
2
(2,4,6-tribromanilin)
axit c-aminocaproic policaproamit
Lu : cc axit c gc amino gn v tr o, |, khng cho phn ng trng ngng
III. ng dng:- Amino axit dng lm nguyn liu iu ch t nilon-6
Bi 11.
I/peptit
1/ khi nim
-Peptit l loi hp cht cha t 2 n 50 gc o -amino axit lin kt vi nhau bi cc lin kt peptit.
- Nhng phn t peptit cha 2, 3, 4, gc o -amino axit c gi l i-, tri-, tetrapeptit,Nhng
phn t peptit cha nhiu gc o -amino axit ( trn 10) c gi l polipeptit
Vd: hai ipeptit t alanin v glyxin l : Ala Gly v Gly-Ala .
2/ Tnh cht ho hc
a)Phn ng thu phn
peptit c th b thy phn hon ton thnh cc o -amino axit nh xt : axit hoc baz:
Peptit c th b thy phn khng hon ton thnh cc peptit ngn hn
b)Phn ng mu biur
Trong mi trng kim , peptit p vi Cu(OH)
2
cho hp cht mu tm
II/PROTEIN
1/khi nim
Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn t c phn t khi t vi chc nghn n vi triu
-protein n gin Vd:anbumin,fibroin ca t tm ,
-protein phc tp Vd:nucleoprotein,lipoprotein cha cht bo
2/ Cu to phn t
Phn t protein c cu to bi nhiu gc
min a oaxit o ni vi nhau bng lin kt peptit
(- NH - CH- CO-)
n
n > 50
R
i

3/tnh cht : protein c p mu biure vi Cu(OH)
2
mu tm
III/Enzim
a)khi nim
Enzim l nhng cht hu ht c bn cht protein ,c kh nng xc tc cho cc qu trnh ho hc
,c bit trong c th sinh vt
b)c im ca xc tc enzim
-Hot ng xt ca ezim c tnh chn lc rt cao : mi enzim ch xt cho mt s chuyn ha nht nh
.
-Tc p nh xt ezim rt ln , thng ln gp t 10
9
n 10
11
ln tc ca cng phn ng nh xt
ha hc .
2/ Axit nucleic
a) khi nim Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v pentoz .
b) C 2 loi quan trng: AND,ARN
c) vai tr
Axit nucleic c vai tr quan trng bc nht trong cc hot ng sng ca c th , nh s tng hp
protein, s chuyn cc thng tin di truyn
AND cha cc thng tinh di truyn , m ha cho hot ng sinh trng v pht trin ca cc c th
sng .
ARN ch yu nm trong t bo cht , tham gia vo qu trnh gii m thng tin di truyn
Cu1: S ng phn amin bc mt ng vi cng thc phn t C
4
H
11
N l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 2: C bao nhiu amin cha vng benzen c cng cng thc phn t C
7
H
9
N ?
A. 3 amin. B. 5 amin. C. 6 amin. D. 7 amin.
Cu 3: Anilin c cng thc l
A. CH
3
COOH. B. C
6
H
5
OH. C. C
6
H
5
NH
2
. D. CH
3
OH.
Cu 4: Trong cc cht sau, cht no l amin bc 2?
A. H
2
N-[CH
2
]
6
NH
2
B. CH
3
CH(CH
3
)NH
2
C. CH
3
NHCH
3
D. C
6
H
5
NH
2

Cu 5: C bao nhiu amin bc hai c cng cng thc phn t C
5
H
13
N ?
A. 4 amin. B. 5 amin. C. 6 amin. D. 7 amin.
Cu 6: Trong cc tn gi di y, cht no c lc baz mnh nht ?
A. NH
3
B. C
6
H
5
CH
2
NH
2
C. C
6
H
5
NH
2
D. (CH
3
)
2
NH
Cu 7: Trong cc tn gi di y, cht no c lc baz yu nht ?
A. C
6
H
5
NH
2
B. C
6
H
5
CH
2
NH
2
C. (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH D. NH
3

Cu 8: Trong cc tn gi di y, tn no ph hp vi cht C
6
H
5
-CH
2
-NH
2
?
A. Phenylamin. B. Benzylamin. C. Anilin. D. Phenylmetylamin.
Cu 9: Trong cc cht di y, cht no c tnh baz mnh nht ?
A. C
6
H
5
NH
2
. B. (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH C. p-CH
3
-C
6
H
4
-NH
2
. D. C
6
H
5
-CH
2
-NH
2
Cu 10: Cht khng c kh nng lm xanh nc qu tm l
A. Anilin B. Natri hiroxit. C. Natri axetat. D. Amoniac.
Cu 11: Cht khng phn ng vi dung dch NaOH l
A. C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl. B. C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH. C. p-CH
3
C
6
H
4
OH. D. C
6
H
5
OH.
Cu 12: Dy gm cc cht u lm giy qu tm m chuyn sang mu xanh l:
A. anilin, metyl amin, amoniac. B. amoni clorua, metyl amin, natri hiroxit.
C. anilin, amoniac, natri hiroxit. D. metyl amin, amoniac, natri axetat.
Cu 13: Kt ta xut hin khi nh dung dch brom vo
A. ancol etylic. B. benzen. C. anilin. D. axit axetic.
Cu 14: Anilin (C
6
H
5
NH
2
) phn ng vi dung dch
A. NaOH. B. HCl. C. Na
2
CO
3
. D. NaCl.
Cu 15: C 3 cht lng benzen, anilin, stiren, ng ring bit trong 3 l mt nhn. Thuc th phn bit 3 cht
lng trn l
A. dung dch phenolphtalein. B. nc brom. C. dung dch NaOH. D. giy qu tm.
Cu 16: Anilin (C
6
H
5
NH
2
) v phenol (C
6
H
5
OH) u c phn ng vi
A. dung dch NaCl. B. dung dch HCl. C. nc Br
2
. D. dung dch NaOH.
Cu 17: Dung dch metylamin trong nc lm
A. qu tm khng i mu. B. qu tm ha xanh.
C. phenolphtalein ho xanh. D. phenolphtalein khng i mu.
Cu 18: Cht c tnh baz l
A. CH
3
NH
2
. B. CH
3
COOH. C. CH
3
CHO. D. C
6
H
5
OH.
Cu 19: Cho 9,3 gam anilin (C
6
H
5
NH
2
) tc dng va vi axit HCl. Khi lng mui thu c l
Cu 20: Cho anilin tc dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c 38,85 gam mui. Khi lng anilin phn ng
l A. 18,6g B. 9,3g C. 37,2g D. 27,9g.
Cu21: Trung ha 11,8 gam mt amin n chc cn 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
5
N B. CH
5
N C. C
3
H
9
N D. C
3
H
7
N
Cu 22: trung ha 20 gam dung dch ca mt amin n chc X nng 22,5% cn dng 100ml dung dch
HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; N = 14)
A. C
2
H
7
N B. CH
5
N C. C
3
H
5
N D. C
3
H
7
N
Cu 23: Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu c 15 gam mui. S ng phn
cu to ca X l A. 8. B. 7. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu24: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol metylamin (CH
3
NH
2
), sinh ra V lt kh N
2

( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48. B. 1,12. C. 2,24. D. 3,36.
Cu 25: Mt amin n chc c cha 31,111%N v khi lng. Cng thc phn t v s ng phn ca amin
tng ng l
A. CH
5
N; 1 ng phn. B. C
2
H
7
N; 2 ng phn. C. C
3
H
9
N; 4 ng phn. D. C
4
H
11
N; 8 ng
phn.
Cu26: Cho 11,25 gam C
2
H
5
NH
2
tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HCl x(M). Sau khi phn ng xong thu c
dung dch c cha 22,2 gam cht tan. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,3M B. 1,25M C. 1,36M D. 1,5M
Cu 27: Ba cht lng: C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH, CH
3
NH
2
ng trong ba l ring bit. Thuc th dng phn bit ba
cht trn l A. qu tm. B. kim loi Na. C. dung dch Br
2
. D. dung dch NaOH.
Cu 28. Dy gm cc cht c xp theo chiu tnh baz gim dn t tri sang phi l
A. CH
3
NH
2
, NH
3
, C
6
H
5
NH
2
. B. CH
3
NH
2
, C
6
H
5
NH
2
, NH
3
.
C. C
6
H
5
NH
2
, NH
3
, CH
3
NH
2
. D. NH
3
, CH
3
NH
2
, C
6
H
5
NH
2
.
Cu 29: Cho dy cc cht: phenol, anilin, phenylamoni clorua, natri phenolat, etanol. S cht trong dy phn ng
c vi NaOH (trong dung dch) l
A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.
Cu 30: Cht lm giy qu tm m chuyn thnh mu xanh l
A. C
2
H
5
OH. B. CH
3
NH
2
. C. C
6
H
5
NH
2
. D. NaCl.
AMINOAXIT PEPTIT - PROTEIN
Cu 1: Amino axit l hp cht hu c trong phn t
A. cha nhm cacboxyl v nhm amino. B. ch cha nhm amino.
C. ch cha nhm cacboxyl. D. ch cha nit hoc cacbon.
Cu 2: C bao nhiu amino axit c cng cng thc phn t C
4
H
9
O
2
N?
A. 3 cht. B. 4 cht. C. 5 cht. D. 6 cht.
Cu 3: C bao nhiu amino axit c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
7
O
2
N?
Cu 4: Trong cc tn gi di y, tn no khng ph hp vi cht CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH ?
A. Axit 2-aminopropanoic. B. Axit o-aminopropionic. C. Anilin. D. Alanin.
Cu 5: Trong cc cht di y, cht no l glixin?
A. H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH B. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH
C. HOOC-CH
2
CH(NH
2
)COOH D. H
2
NCH
2
-CH
2
COOH
Cu 6: Dung dch ca cht no sau y khng lm i mu qu tm :
A. Glixin (CH
2
NH
2
-COOH) B. Lysin (H
2
NCH
2
-[CH
2
]
3
CH(NH
2
)-COOH)
C. Axit glutamic (HOOCCH
2
CHNH
2
COOH) D. Natriphenolat (C
6
H
5
ONa)
Cu 7: Cht X va tc dng c vi axit, va tc dng c vi baz. Cht X l
A. CH
3
COOH. B. H
2
NCH
2
COOH. C. CH
3
CHO. D. CH
3
NH
2
.
Cu 8: Cht no sau y va tc dng c vi H
2
NCH
2
COOH, va tc dng c vi CH
3
NH
2
?
A. NaCl. B. HCl. C. CH
3
OH. D. NaOH.
Cu 9: Cht rn khng mu, d tan trong nc, kt tinh iu kin thng l
A. C
6
H
5
NH
2
. B. C
2
H
5
OH. C. H
2
NCH
2
COOH. D. CH
3
NH
2
.
Cu 10: Cht tham gia phn ng trng ngng l
A. C
2
H
5
OH. B. CH
2
= CHCOOH. C. H
2
NCH
2
COOH. D. CH
3
COOH.
Cu 11: Cho dy cc cht: C
6
H
5
NH
2
(anilin), H
2
NCH
2
COOH, CH
3
CH
2
COOH, CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
, C
6
H
5
OH
(phenol). S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.
Cu 12: chng minh aminoaxit l hp cht lng tnh ta c th dng phn ng ca cht ny ln lt vi
A. dung dch KOH v dung dch HCl. B. dung dch NaOH v dung dch NH
3
.
C. dung dch HCl v dung dch Na
2
SO
4
. D. dung dch KOH v CuO.
Cu 13: Axit aminoaxetic (H
2
NCH
2
COOH) tc dng c vi dung dch
A. NaNO
3
. B. NaCl. C. NaOH. D. Na
2
SO
4
.
Cu 14: Dung dch ca cht no trong cc cht di y khng lm i mu qu tm ?
A. CH
3
NH
2
. B. NH
2
CH
2
COOH C. HOOCCH
2
CH
2
CH(NH
2
)COOH. D. CH
3
COONa.
Cu 15: phn bit 3 dung dch H
2
NCH
2
COOH, CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
NH
2
ch cn dng mt thuc th l
A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch HCl. C. natri kim loi. D. qu tm.
Cu 16: C cc dung dch ring bit sau: C
6
H
5
-NH
3
Cl (phenylamoni clorua), H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH,
ClH
3
N-CH
2
-COOH, HOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH, H
2
N-CH
2
-COONa. S lng cc dung dch c pH < 7 l
A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 17: Glixin khng tc dng vi
A. H
2
SO
4
long. B. CaCO
3
. C. C
2
H
5
OH. D. NaCl.
Cu 18: Cho 7,5 gam axit aminoaxetic (H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH) phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng, khi
lng mui thu c l (Cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Cl = 35, 5)
Cu19: Trong phn t aminoaxit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0 gam X tc dng va
vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X l
A. H2NC3H6COOH. B. H2NCH2COOH. C. H2NC2H4COOH. D. H2NC4H8COOH.
Cu 20: 1 mol o - amino axit X tc dng va ht vi 1 mol HCl to ra mui Y c hm lng clo l 28,287%
Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
3
-CH(NH
2
)COOH B. H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH
C. H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH D. H
2
N-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH
Cu 21: Este A c iu ch t ancol metylic v amino axit no B(cha mt nhm amino v mt nhm
cacboxyl). T khi hi ca A so vi oxi l 2,78125. Amino axit B l
A. axit amino fomic. B. axit aminoaxetic. C. axit glutamic. D. axit -amino propionic.
Cu 22: C 0,01 mol aminoaxit (A) phn ng va vi 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Mt khc 1,5 gam
aminoaxit (A) phn ng va vi 80 ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Khi lng phn t ca A l
A. 150. B. 75. C. 105. D. 89.
Cu 23: Mt - amino axit X ch cha 1 nhm amino v 1 nhm cacboxyl. Cho 10,68 gam X tc dng vi HCl
d thu c 15,06 gam mui. Tn gi ca X l
A. axit glutamic. B. valin. C. alanin. D. glixin
Cu 24: T glyxin (Gly) v alanin (Ala) c th to ra my cht ipeptit ?
Cu 25: Sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh thy phn cc protein n gin nh cht xc tc thch hp l
A. -aminoaxit. B. -aminoaxit. C. axit cacboxylic. D. este.
CHNG 4: POLIME - VT LIU POLIME
PHN 1. Tm tt l thuyt .
BI 13. DI CNG V POLIME.
I. KHI NIM Polime l nhng hp cht c phn t khi rt ln do nhiu n v c s (gi l mt
xch) lin kt vi nhau to nn.
- Th d: polietilen: (CH
2
- CH
2
)
n
, xenluloz : (C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n

*Phn loi :
**Theo ngun gc :
-polime tng hp :Vd: polietilen
-Polime thin nhin : vd : tinh bt
-Polime bn tng hp : vd : t visco
**Theo cch tng hp :
-Polime trng hp :vd : polipropilen
-Polime trng ngng : vd : nilon-6,6
III.TNH CHT VT L
-Cht nhit do : polime nng chy , ngui thnh rn .
-Cht nhit rn : polime khng nng chy , m b phn hy .
IV.TNH CHT HA HC
1/ Phn ng phn ct mch polime
- Polime c nhm chc trong mch d b thy phn
Th d : tinh bt , xenluloz b thy phn thnh glucoz
2/ Phn ng gi nguyn mch polime
Nhng polime c lin kt i trong mch hoc nhm chc ngoi mch c th tham gia cc phn ng
c trng
3/ Phn ng tng mch polime ( phn ng khu mch polime )
Khi c iu kin thch hp cc mch polime c th ni vi nhau
BI 14. VT LIU POLIME .
I. Cht do:
1. Khi nim v cht do v vt liu compozit
* Cht do l nhng cht liu polime c tnh do.
- Thnh phn: polime
Cht n, cht ho do, cht ph gia.
*Vt liu Com pozit l vt liu hn hp gm t nht 2 thnh phn phn tn vo nhau m khng ho
tan vo nhau.
Thnh phn: Cht nn (polime)
Cht n, si bt (silicat), bt nh (CaCO
3
)
2. Mt s polime dng lm cht do:
a/ Polietilen: (P.E)
b/ poli (Vinylclorua) (PVC)
c/ poli(metyl metacrylat) thu tinh hu c (plexiglas)

CH
3

( CH
2
C )
n

COOCH
3
d/ poli (phenol-fomandehit) (P.P.F)
II. T:
1. Khi nim T l nhng vt liu polime hnh si di v mnh, bn nht nh.
2. Phn loi: c 2 loi
- T t nhin: Len, t tm, bng
- T ho hc
+ T tng hp: Ch to t polime tng hp: tpoliamit, vinylic
+ T bn tng hp: (t nhn to): ch to t polime thin nhin nh t visco, xenluloz axetat.
3. Mt s loi t tng hp thng gp:
a/ T nilon-6.6
b/ T nitron (olon)

n CH
2
= CH (CH
2
-CH )
n

III. Cao su:
1. Khi nim: Cao su l vt liu polime c tnh n hi.
2. Phn loi: C 2 loi: cao su thin nhin v cao su tng hp
a/ Cao su thin nhin: ly t m cy cao su
- Cu to: l polime ca isopren.
( CH
2
-C=CH-CH
2
)
n

b/ Cao su tng hp: + cao su buna v Cao su buna-S v cao su buna-N
IV. Keo dn tng hp.
1/ Khi nim:
Keo dn l loi vt liu c kh nng kt dnh 2 mnh vt liu rn ging hoc khc nhau m khng
lm bin i bn cht ca vt liu c kt dnh.
2. Mt s loi keo dn tng hp thng dng:
C/ Keo dn ure-fomandehit
a/ Nha v sm: l dung dch c ca cao su trong dung mi hu c
b/ keo dn epoxi: lm t polime c cha nhm epoxi

Cu 1: Polivinyl clorua c cng thc l
A. (-CH
2
-CHCl-)
2
. B. (-CH
2
-CH
2
-)
n
. C. (-CH
2
-CHBr-)
n
. D. (-CH
2
-CHF-)
n
.
Cu 2: Cht khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l
A. stiren. B. isopren. C. propen. D. toluen.
Cu 3: Cht c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l
A. propan. B. propen. C. etan. D. toluen.
RCOOR
`
CN CN
poliacrilonnitrin
CH
3
Cu 4: Qu trnh nhiu phn t nh (monome) kt hp vi nhau thnh phn t ln (polime) ng thi gii phng
nhng phn t nc gi l phn ng
A. nhit phn. B. trao i. C. trng hp. D. trng ngng.
Cu 5: Tn gi ca polime c cng thc (-CH
2
-CH
2
-)n l
A. polivinyl clorua. B. polietilen. C. polimetyl metacrylat. D. polistiren.
Cu 6: T monome no sau y c th iu ch c poli(vinyl ancol)?
A. CH
2
=CH-COOCH
3
. B. CH
2
=CH-OCOCH
3
. C. CH
2
=CH-COOC
2
H
5
. D. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH.
Cu 7: Cht tham gia phn ng trng hp to ra polime l
A. CH
3
-CH
2
-Cl. B. CH
3
-CH
3
. C. CH
2
=CH-CH
3
. D. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
3
.
Cu 8: Monome c dng iu ch polietilen l
A. CH
2
=CH-CH
3
. B. CH
2
=CH
2
. C. CHCH. D. CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
.
Cu 9: Dy gm cc cht c dng tng hp cao su Buna-S l:
A. CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2. B. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2.
C. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, lu hunh. D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, CH3-CH=CH2.
Cu 10: Cho cc polime sau: (-CH
2
CH
2
-)
n

; (- CH
2
- CH=CH- CH
2
-)
n

; (- NH-CH
2
-CO-)
n
Cng thc ca cc monome khi trng hp hoc trng ngng to ra cc polime trn ln lt l
A. CH
2
=CHCl, CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
, CH
3
- CH(NH
2
)- COOH.
B. CH
2
=CH
2
, CH
2
=CH-CH= CH
2
, NH
2
- CH
2
- COOH.
C. CH
2
=CH
2
, CH
3
- CH=C= CH
2
, NH
2
- CH
2
- COOH.
D. CH
2
=CH
2
, CH
3
- CH=CH-CH
3
, NH
2
- CH
2
- CH
2
- COOH.
Cu 11: Trong s cc loi t sau:
(1) [-NH-(CH
2
)
6
-NH-OC-(CH
2
)
4
-CO-]
n

(2) [-NH-(CH
2
)
5
-CO-]
n

(3) [C
6
H
7
O
2
(OOC-CH
3
)
3
]
n
.
T nilon-6,6 l
A. (1). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (3). D. (2).
Cu 12: Polivinyl axetat (hoc poli(vinyl axetat)) l polime c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp
A. C
2
H
5
COO-CH=CH
2
. B. CH
2
=CH-COO-C
2
H
5
.
C. CH
3
COO-CH=CH
2
. D. CH
2
=CH-COO-CH
3
.
Cu 13: Nilon6,6 l mt loi
A. t axetat. B. t poliamit. C. polieste. D. t visco.
Cu 14: Polime dng ch to thu tinh hu c (plexiglas) c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp
A. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)COOCH
3
. B. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
.
C. C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
. D. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
.
Cu 15: Polivinyl clorua (PVC) iu ch t vinyl clorua bng phn ng
A. trao i. B. oxi ho - kh. C. trng hp. D. trng ngng.
Cu 16: Cng thc cu to ca polibutaien l
A. (-CF
2
-CF
2
-)n. B. (-CH
2
-CHCl-)n. C. (-CH
2
-CH
2
-)n. D. (-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
-)n.
Cu 17: T c sn xut t xenluloz l
A. t tm. B. t capron. C. t nilon-6,6. D. t visco.
Cu 18: Monome c dng iu ch polipropilen l
A. CH
2
=CH-CH
3
. B. CH
2
=CH
2
. C. CHCH. D. CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
.
Cu 19: T c sn xut t xenluloz l
A. t visco. B. t nilon-6,6. C. t tm. D. t capron.
Cu 20: T capron thuc loi
A. t poliamit. B. t visco. C. t polieste. D. t axetat.
Cu 21: T nilon - 6,6 c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng
A. HOOC-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH. B. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v HO-(CH2)2-OH.
C. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v H2N-(CH2)6-NH2. D. H2N-(CH2)5-COOH.
Cu 22: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y Cao su Buna. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
3
CHO. B. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
2
=CH
2
.
C. CH
2
CH
2
OH v CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
. D. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
.
Cu 23: Cao su buna c to thnh t buta-1,3-ien bng phn ng
A. trng hp B. trng ngng C. cng hp D. phn ng th
Cu 24: Cng thc phn t ca cao su thin nhin
A. ( C
5
H
8
)
n
B. ( C
4
H
8
)
n
C. ( C
4
H
6
)
n
D. ( C
2
H
4
)
n
Cu 25: T nilon -6,6 thuc loi
A. t nhn to. B. t bn tng hp. C. t thin nhin. D. t tng hp.
Cu26. Trong cc loi t di y, t nhn to l
A. t visco. B. t capron. C. t nilon -6,6. D. t tm.
Cu 27. Teflon l tn ca mt polime c dng lm
A. cht do. B. t tng hp. C. cao su tng hp. D. keo dn.
Cu 28: Phn t khi trung bnh ca PVC l 750000. H s polime ho ca PVC l
A. 12.000 B. 15.000 C. 24.000 D. 25.000
CHNG 5: I CNG KIM LOI
V TR CA KIM LOI TRONG HTTH
BI 17. V TR CA KIM LOI TRONG BTH .
I. V tr ca kim loi trong bng h thng tun hon:
_ Nhm IA ( tr hidro), nhm IIA, nhm IIIA( tr bo) v mt phn ca nhm IVA,VA,VIA.
_ Cc nguyn t nhm B ( t IB n VIIIB).
_ H latan v actini.
II. Cu to ca kim loi:
1. cu to nguyn t:
Nguyn t ca hu ht cc nguyn t kim loi iu c t electron lp ngoi cng ( 1,2 hoc 3).
2. Cu to tinh th:
nhit thng cc kim loi th gn v c cu to tinh th( tr thy ngn th lng).
Tinh th kim loi c 3 kiu mng tinh th ph bin sau:
a) Mng tinh th lc phng:
V d: Be,Mg,Zn,
b) Mng tinh th lp phng tm din:
V d: Li,Na,K,
c) Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi:
V d: Cu,Ag,Al,
3. Lin kt kim loi:
L lin kt c hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t v ion kim loi trong mng tinh th do s tham gia ca
cc electron t do
BI 18. TNH CHT CA KIM LOI . DY IN HA CA KIM LOI .
I TNH CHT VT L .
1 .Tnh cht vt l chung .
iu kin thng cc kim loi u trng thi rn (tr Hg) c tnh do dn in ,dn nhit v nh
kim .
Tm li ;tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi gy nn bi s c mt ca cc e t do trong mng tinh th
kim loi
II TNH CHT HO HC
Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi l tnh kh
M M
n+
+ ne
1 Tc dng vi phi kim
a/ Vi clo 2Fe + 3 Cl
2

o
t
2 FeCl
3
.
b/ Vi Oxi 3Fe + 2O
2

o
t
Fe
3
O
4

c/ Vi lu hunh phn ng cn un nng (tr Hg t
o
thng )
2 Tc dng vi dung dch axit .
a/Vi dd HCl,H
2
SO
4
long .Tr cc kim loi ng sau hidro trong dy in ha .
b/ vi dd HNO
3
,H
2
SO
4
c
Hu ht kim loi (tr Au,Pt) kh c N
+5
(HNO
3 loang
) N
+2
v S
+6
(H
2
SO
4 c
nng) S
+4

Ch ; HNO
3
,H
2
SO
4
c ngui lm th ng ho Al,Fe, Cr, . . . .
3 Tc dng vi nc
-Ch c cc kim loi nhm IAv IIA BTH (tr Be,Mg) kh H
2
O nhit thng .
2Na + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + H
2

-Cc kl cn li c tnh kh yu hn nn kh nc t
0
cao : Fe, Zn,
4 Tc Dng Vi Dung Dch Mui. VD: Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
Fe cht kh : Cu
2+
cht oxh
III. DY IN HO KIM LOI
1 Cp oxi ha kh ca kim loi . Vd Ag
+
/Ag ,Cu
2+
/Cu,. . . .
2 So snh tnh cht cp oxi ha kh
Tnh oxh cc ion ; Ag
+
> Cu
2+
> Zn
2+
Tnh kh .Zn>Cu>Ag
3 Dy in ha ca kim loi

4 ngha dy in ha
Cho php d on chiu ca p gia 2 cp oxh-kh theo qui tc
vd phn ng gia 2 cp Cu
2+
/Cu v Fe
2+
/Fe. Fe + Cu
2+
Fe
2+
+ Cu
c.k m c. oxh m c. oxh y c.k y
BI 19. HP KIM .
I KHI NIM
H p kim l vt liu kim loi c bn v mt s kim loi hoc phi kim khc .
II TNH CHT .
Hp kim c nhiu tnh cht ha hc tng t tnh cht ca cc n cht tham gia thnh hp kim
,nhng tnh cht vt l v tnh cht c hc ca hp kim li khc nhiu tnh cht cc n cht .
III NG DNG
Trn thc t ,hp kim c s dng nhiu hn kim loi nguyn cht .
Hp kim Au vi Ag , Cu ( vng ty) p v cng , dng ch to trang sc v trc y mt s
nc dng c tin .

Phn 2. cu hi trc nghim
Cu 1: S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IIA l
A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1.
Cu2: Cng thc chung ca oxit kim loi thuc nhm IA l
A. R
2
O
3
. B. RO
2
. C. R
2
O. D. RO.
Cu 3: Cng thc chung ca oxit kim loi thuc nhm IIA l
A. R
2
O
3
. B. RO
2
. C. R
2
O. D. RO.
Cu 4: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na (Z =11) l
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
. B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
. C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
. D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1
.
Cu 5: Hai kim loi u thuc nhm IIA trong bng tun hon l
A. Sr, K. B. Na, Ba. C. Be, Al. D. Ca, Ba.
Cu 6: Nguyn t Cr c Z = 24, cu hnh e ca Cr l
A. [Ar ]

3d
4
4s
2
.

B. [Ar ] 4s
2
3d
4
. C. [Ar ] 3d
5
4s
1
.

D. [Ar ] 4s
1
3d
5
.
Cu7: Cation M
+
c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng 2s
2
2p
6
l
A. Rb
+
. B. Na
+
. C. Li
+
. D. K
+
.
TNH CHT CA KIM LOI DY IN HA CA KIM LOI
Cu 8: Kim loi no sau y c tnh dn in tt nht trong tt c cc kim loi?
A. Vng. B. Bc. C. ng. D. Nhm.
Cu 9: Kim loi no sau y do nht trong tt c cc kim loi?
A. Vng. B. Bc. C. ng. D. Nhm.
Cu 10: Kim loi no sau y c cng ln nht trong tt c cc kim loi?
A. Vonfam. B. Crom C. St D. ng
Cu 11: Kim loi no sau y l kim loi mm nht trong tt c cc kim loi ?
K
+
Na
+
Mg
2+
Al
3+
Zn
2+
Fe
2+
Ni
2+
Sn
2+
Pb
2+
H
+
Cu
2+
Fe
3+
Ag
+
Hg
2+
Au
3+

K Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H
2
Cu Fe
2+
Ag Hg Au

A. Liti. B. Xesi. C. Natri. D. Kali.
Cu 12: Kim loi no sau y c nhit nng chy cao nht trong tt c cc kim loi?
A. Vonfam. B. St. C. ng. D. Km.
Cu 13: Kim loi no sau y nh nht ( c khi lng ring nh nht ) trong tt c cc kim loi ?
A. Natri B. Liti C. Kali D. Rubidi
Cu 14: Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca kim loi l
A. tnh baz. B. tnh oxi ha. C. tnh axit. D. tnh kh.
Cu 15: Hai kim loi u phn ng vi dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
gii phng kim loi Cu l
A. Al v Fe. B. Fe v Au. C. Al v Ag. D. Fe v Ag.
Cu 16: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng l
A. Fe + Cu(NO
3
)
2
. B. Cu + AgNO
3
. C. Zn + Fe(NO
3
)
2
. D. Ag + Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
Cu 17: Hai kim loi Al v Cu u phn ng c vi dung dch
A. NaCl long. B. H
2
SO
4
long. C. HNO
3
long. D. NaOH long
Cu 18: Kim loi Cu phn ng c vi dung dch
A. FeSO
4
. B. AgNO
3
. C. KNO
3
. D. HCl.
Cu19: Dung dch FeSO
4
v dung dch CuSO
4
u tc dng c vi
A. Ag. B. Fe. C. Cu. D. Zn.
Cu 20: ho tan hon ton hn hp gm hai kim loi Cu v Zn, ta c th dng mt lng d dung dch
A. HCl. B. AlCl
3
. C. AgNO
3
. D. CuSO
4
.
Cu 21: Hai dung dch u tc dng c vi Fe l
A. CuSO
4
v HCl. B. CuSO
4
v ZnCl
2
. C. HCl v CaCl
2
. D. MgCl
2
v FeCl
3
.
Cu 22: Cho cc kim loi: Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn; s kim loi tc dng vi dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 23: Dung dch mui no sau y tc dng c vi c Ni v Pb?
A. Pb(NO
3
)
2
. B. Cu(NO
3
)
2
. C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
. D. Ni(NO
3
)
2
.
Cu 24: Tt c cc kim loi Fe, Zn, Cu, Ag u tc dng c vi dung dch
A. HCl. B. H
2
SO
4
long. C. HNO
3
long. D. KOH.
Cu 25: Cho cc kim loi: Na, Mg, Fe, Al; kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht l
A. Al. B. Na. C. Mg. D. Fe.
Cu 26: Cho phn ng: aAl + bHNO
3

3
)
3
+ dNO + eH
2
O.
H s a, b, c, d, e l cc s nguyn, ti gin. Tng (a + b) bng
A. 5. B. 4. C. 7. D. 6.
Cu 27: Dy no sau y ch gm cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi dung
dch AgNO
3
?
A. Zn, Cu, Mg B. Al, Fe, CuO C. Fe, Ni, Sn D. Hg, Na, Ca
Cu 28: Cho phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu. Trong phn ng trn xy ra
A. s kh Fe
2+
v s oxi ha Cu. B. s kh Fe
2+
v s kh Cu
2+
.
C. s oxi ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu. D. s oxi ha Fe v s kh Cu
2+
.
Cu29: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl.
C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2.
Cu 30: Cho kim loi M tc dng vi Cl
2
c mui X; cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HCl c mui
Y. Nu cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch mui X ta cng c mui Y. Kim loi M c th l
A. Mg B. Al C. Zn D. Fe
Cu 31: kh ion Cu
2+
trong dung dch CuSO
4
c th dng kim loi
A. K B. Na C. Ba D. Fe
Cu 32: kh ion Fe
3+
trong dung dch thnh ion Fe
2+
c th dng mt lng d
A. Kim loi Mg B. Kim loi Ba C. Kim loi Cu D. Kim loi Ag
Cu 33: Th t mt s cp oxi ha - kh trong dy in ha nh sau : Fe
2+
/Fe; Cu
2+
/Cu; Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
. Cp cht
khng phn ng vi nhau l
A. Cu v dung dch FeCl
3
B. Fe v dung dch CuCl
2
C. Fe v dung dch FeCl
3
D. dung dch FeCl
2
v dung dch CuCl
2
Cu34: Dy gm cc kim loi c xp theo th t tnh kh tng dn t tri sang phi l
A. Mg, Fe, Al. B. Fe, Mg, Al. C. Fe, Al, Mg. D. Al, Mg, Fe.
Cu 35: Dy gm cc kim loi u phn ng vi nc nhit thng to ra dung dch c mi trng kim
l
A. Na, Ba, K. B. Be, Na, Ca. C. Na, Fe, K. D. Na, Cr, K.
Cu 36: Trong dung dch CuSO
4
, ion Cu
2+

khng b kh bi kim loi
A. Fe. B. Ag. C. Mg. D. Zn.
Cu 37: Cho dy cc kim loi: Fe, Na, K, Ca. S kim loi trong dy tc dng c vi nc nhit thng l
A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu38: Kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H
2
SO
4

long l
A. Ag. B. Au. C. Cu. D. Al.
Cu 39: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Cu, Fe, Ag, Zn. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 40: ng (Cu) tc dng c vi dung dch
A. H2SO4 c, nng. B. H2SO4 long. C. FeSO4. D. HCl.
Cu 41: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Cu, Fe, Zn. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2.
Cu 42: Cho dy cc kim loi: K, Mg, Na, Al. Kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht trong dy l
A. Na. B. Mg. C. Al. D. K.
S N MN KIM LOI
Cu 43: Mt s ho cht c trn ngn t c khung bng kim loi. Sau 1 thi gian, ngi ta thy khung kim
loi b g. Ho cht no di y c kh nng gy ra hin tng trn?
A. Ancol etylic. B. Dy nhm. C. Du ho. D. Axit clohydric.
Cu 44: Cho cc cp kim loi nguyn cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau : Fe v Pb; Fe v Zn; Fe v Sn; Fe v Ni.
Khi nhng cc cp kim loi trn vo dung dch axit, s cp kim loi trong Fe b ph hy trc l
A. 4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
Cu 45: bo v v tu bin lm bng thp ngi ta thng gn vo v tu (phn ngm di nc)
nhng tm kim loi
A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Sn. D. Pb.
Cu 46: C 4 dung dch ring bit: a) HCl, b) CuCl2, c) FeCl3, d) HCl c ln CuCl2. Nhng vo mi dung dch
mt thanh Fe nguyn cht. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
Cu 47: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn-Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc vi dung dch cht in
li th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l:
A. I, II v III. B. I, II v IV. C. I, III v IV. D. II, III v IV.
IU CH KIM LOI
Cu 48: Khi iu ch kim loi, cc ion kim loi ng vai tr l cht
A. b kh. B. nhn proton. C. b oxi ho. D. cho proton.
Cu 49: loi b kim loi Cu ra khi hn hp bt gm Ag v Cu, ngi ta ngm hn hp kim loi trn vo
lng d dung dch
A. AgNO
3
. B. HNO
3
. C. Cu(NO
3
)
2
. D. Fe(NO
3
)
2
.
Cu 50: Cht khng kh c st oxit ( nhit cao) l
A. Cu. B. Al. C. CO. D. H
2
.
Cu 51: Hai kim loi c th iu ch bng phng php nhit luyn l
A. Ca v Fe. B. Mg v Zn. C. Na v Cu. D. Fe v Cu.
Cu 52: Phng php thch hp iu ch kim loi Ca t CaCl
2
l
A. nhit phn CaCl
2
. B. in phn CaCl
2
nng chy.
C. dng Na kh Ca
2+
trong dung dch CaCl
2
. D. in phn dung dch CaCl
2
.
Cu53: Oxit d b H
2
kh nhit cao to thnh kim loi l
A. Na
2
O. B. CaO. C. CuO. D. K
2
O.
Cu 54: Phng trnh ho hc no sau y th hin cch iu ch Cu theo phng php thu luyn ?
A. Zn + CuSO
4
Cu + ZnSO
4
B. H
2
+ CuO Cu + H
2
O
C. CuCl
2
Cu + Cl
2
D. 2CuSO
4
+ 2H
2
O 2Cu + 2H
2
SO
4
+ O
2

Cu 55: Phng trnh ha hc no sau y biu din cch iu ch Ag t AgNO
3
theo phng php thu luyn ?
A. 2AgNO
3
+ Zn 2Ag + Zn(NO
3
)
2
B. 2AgNO
3
2Ag + 2NO
2
+ O
2

C. 4AgNO
3
+ 2H
2
O 4Ag + 4HNO
3
+ O
2
D. Ag
2
O + CO 2Ag + CO
2
.
Cu 56: Trong phng php thu luyn, iu ch Cu t dung dch CuSO
4
c th dng kim loi no lm cht
kh? A. K. B. Ca. C. Zn. D. Ag.
Cu 57: Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp gm CuO, Al
2
O
3
, MgO (nung nng). Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c cht rn gm
A. Cu, Al, Mg. B. Cu, Al, MgO. C. Cu, Al
2
O
3
, Mg. D. Cu, Al
2
O
3
, MgO.
Cu 58: Cho lung kh H
2
(d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe
2
O
3
, ZnO, MgO nung nhit cao. Sau phn ng
hn hp rn cn li l:
A. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. C. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. D. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO.
Cu 59: Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l
A. Al v Mg. B. Na v Fe. C. Cu v Ag. D. Mg v Zn.
Cu 60: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl. C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch
FeCl2.
Cu 61: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui ca chng l:
A. Ba, Ag, Au. B. Fe, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cr. D. Mg, Zn, Cu.
Cu 62: Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catt xy ra
A. s kh ion Cl
-
. B. s oxi ho ion Cl
-
. C. s oxi ho ion Na
+
. D. s kh ion Na
+
.
Cu 63: Oxit d b H
2
kh nhit cao to thnh kim loi l
A. Na
2
O. B. CaO. C. CuO. D. K
2
O.
Cu 64: Trong cng nghip, kim loi c iu ch bng phng php in phn hp cht nng chy ca kim
loi l A. Na. B. Ag. C. Fe. D. Cu.
CC DNG BI TP PHN I CNG KIM LOI
DNG 1: KIM LOI TC DNG VI PHI KIM
Cu1. Bao nhiu gam Cu tc dng va vi clo to ra 27 gam CuCl
2
?

A. 12,4 gam B. 12,8 gam. C. 6,4 gam. D. 25,6 gam.
Cu2: t 1 lng nhm(Al) trong 6,72 lt O
2
. Cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho ho tan hon ton vo dung
dch HCl thy bay ra 6,72 lt H
2
(cc th tch kh o kc). Khi lng nhm dng l
A. 8,1gam. B. 16,2gam. C. 18,4gam. D. 24,3gam.
DNG 2: KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH AXIT
Cu 1. Cho 10 gam hn hp cc kim loi Mg v Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl long d thu c 3,733 lit
H
2
(kc). Thnh phn % ca Mg trong hn hp l:
A. 50%. B. 35%. C. 20%. D. 40%.
Cu 2. Mt hn hp gm 13 gam km v 5,6 gam st tc dng vi dung dch axit sunfuric long d. Th tch kh
hidro (ktc) c gii phng sau phn ng l.
A. 2,24 lit. B. 4,48 lit. C. 6,72 lit. D. 67,2 lit.
Cu 3. Cho 4,05 gam Al tan ht trong dung dch HNO
3
thu V lt N
2
O (kc) duy nht. Gi tr V l
A. 2,52 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 1,26 lt.
Cu 4: Hn hp X gm Fe v Cu, trong Cu chim 43,24% khi lng. Cho 14,8 gam X tc dng ht vi dung
dch HCl thy c V lt kh (ktc) bay ra. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,12 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
Cu 5: Ho tan hon ton 1,5 gam hn hp bt Al v Mg vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt H
2
(kc). Phn %
khi lng ca Al trong hn hp l
A. 60%. B. 40%. C. 30%. D. 80%.
Cu 6: Ho tan m gam Fe trong dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 4,48 lt kh H
2
( ktc).
Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56, H = 1, Cl = 35,5)
A. 2,8. B. 1,4. C. 5,6. D. 11,2.
Cu 7: Ho tan 6,4 gam Cu bng axit H
2
SO
4

c, nng (d), sinh ra V lt kh SO
2

(sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48. B. 6,72. C. 3,36. D. 2,24.
Cu 8: Ho tan m gam Al bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c 3,36 lt H
2

( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 5,40. D. 1,35.
Cu 9: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch HNO
3

long (d), sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 6,72. B. 4,48. C. 2,24. D. 3,36.
Cu 10: Cho 10 gam hn hp gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau phn ng thu c
2,24 lt kh hiro ( ktc), dung dch X v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l (Cho H = 1, Fe = 56, Cu =
64)
Cu 11: Cho 20 gam hn hp bt Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c 1 gam kh H
2
bay ra. Lng
mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l bao nhiu gam ?
A. 40,5g. B. 45,5g. C. 55,5g. D. 60,5g.
Cu 12: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 3,36 lt kh
( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c, ngui), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh
ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 15,6. B. 10,5. C. 11,5. D. 12,3.
Cu 13. Cho 1,86 gam hn hp Al v Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
long d th thu c 560 ml lt kh N
2
O
(ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) bay ra. Khi lng mui nitrat to ra trong dung dch l:
DNG 3 : XC NH CNG THC
Cu 1. Ho tan 2,52 gam mt kim loi bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d, c cn dung dch thu c 6,84 gam
mui khan. Kim loi l:
A. Mg. B. Al. C. Zn. D. Fe.
Cu2. Nhit phn hon ton 3,5 gam mt mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr 2 thu c 1,96 gam cht rn. Mui
cacbonat ca kim loi dng l:
A. FeCO
3
. B. BaCO
3
. C. MgCO
3
. D. CaCO
3
.
Cu 3. Ho tan hon ton 0,575 gam mt kim loi km vo nc. trung ho dung dch thu c cn 25 gam
dung dch HCl 3,65%. Kim loi ho tan l:
A. Li. B. K. C. Na. D. Rb.
Cu 4. Cho 9,1 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat trung ho ca 2 kim loi kim 2 chu k lin tip tan hon ton
trong dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc). Hai kim loi l:
A. K v Cs. B. Na v K. C. Li v Na. D. Rb v Cs.
Cu 5. Ho tan 1,3 gam mt kim loi M trong 100 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,3M. trung ho lng axit d cn
200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Xc nh kim loi M?
A. Al. B. Fe. C. Zn. D. Mg.
Cu 6. Cho 19,2 gam kim loi (M) tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO
3
long th thu c 4,48 lt kh NO (ktc,
sn phm kh duy nht). Kim loi (M) l:
A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Mg.
DNG 4: KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH MUI
Cu 1. Ho tan 58 gam CuSO
4
. 5H
2
O vo nc c 500ml dung dch CuSO
4
. Cho dn dn mt st vo 50 ml
dung dch trn, khuy nh cho ti khi dung dch ht mu xanh th lng mt st dng l:
A. 0,65g. B. 1,2992g. C. 1,36g. D. 12,99g.
Cu 2. Ngm mt inh st sch trong 200 ml dung dch CuSO
4
sau khi phn ng kt thc, ly inh st ra khi
dung dch ra nh lm kh nhn thy khi lng inh st tng thm 0,8 gam. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch
CuSO
4
dng l:
A. 0,25M. B. 0,4M. C. 0,3M. D. 0,5M.
Cu 3. Nhng mt inh st c khi lng 8 gam vo 500ml dung dch CuSO
4
2M. Sau mt thi gian ly inh st
ra cn li thy nng 8,8 gam. Nng mol/l ca CuSO
4
trong dung dch sau phn ng l:
A. 0,27M B. 1,36M C. 1,8M D. 2,3M
Cu 4: Ngm l km trong dung dch cha 0,1 mol CuSO
4
. Phn ng xong thy khi lng l km:
A. tng 0,1 gam. B. tng 0,01 gam. C. gim 0,1 gam. D. khng thay i.
Cu5: Nhng 1 thanh nhm nng 50 gam vo 400ml dung dch CuSO
4
0,5M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh nhm
ra cn nng 51,38 gam. Hi khi lng Cu thot ra l bao nhiu?
A. 0,64gam. B. 1,28gam. C. 1,92gam. D. 2,56gam.
DNG 5: NHIT LUYN
Cu 1: Cho kh CO kh hon ton n Fe mt hn hp gm: FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
thy c 4,48 lt CO
2
(ktc) thot
ra. Th tch CO (ktc) tham gia phn ng l
A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 3,36 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
Cu 2. kh hon ton 45 gam hn hp gm CuO, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe v MgO cn dng va 8,4 lt CO
(ktc). Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l:
A. 39g B. 38g C. 24g D. 42g
KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT
BI 25: KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM.
A.KIM LOI KIM
I. V tr - cu hnh e ngt :Kloi kim thuc nhm IA,gm Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr. Cu hnh e ngoi cng ns
1

II. Tnh cht vt l: Cc kloi kim c mu trng bc v c nh kim, dn in tt, t
o
nc, t
o
s thp, khi
lng ring nh, cng thp v chng c mng tinh th lp phng tm khi.
III. Tnh cht ha hc: Cc nguyn t kim loi kim c nng lng ion ha nh, v vy kim loi kim
c tnh kh rt mnh. Tnh kh tng dn t liti n xesi.MM
+
+1e.
Trong hp cht, cc kim loi kim c s oxi ha+1.
1. Tc dng vi pk
a/ Vi O
2
2Na + O
2
(kh)Na
2
O
2
4Na+O
2
(kk)2Na
2
O
b/ Vi Cl
2
2K + Cl
2
2KCl
2. Tc dng vi axit 2Na+2HCl2NaCl+H
2
; 2Na+H
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+H
2

3. Tc dng vi H
2
O 2K+2H
2
O2KOH+H
2

Na nng chy v chy trn mt nc, K bn chy, Rb&Cs p mnh lit.
KLK tc dng d dng vi H
2
O nn ngi ta bo qun n trong du ha.
IV: ng dng, trng thi t nhin v iu ch
1.ng dng : Ch to hp kim c t
0
nc thp. Hp kim Li-Al dng trong k thut hng khng. Cs lm t
bo quang in
2. Trng thi t nhin : tn ti dng hp cht( trong nc bin, silicat, alumiunat)
3. iu ch : Kh ion ca KLK thnh KL t do M
+
+eM bng cch pnc mui halogenua ca KLK
2NaCl
pnc
2Na+Cl
2

B.HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM.
I. Natri hidroxit
-NaOH(xt n da) l cht rn, khng mu, d nng chy, ht m mnh ta nhiu nhit
-NaOH l cht in li mnh: NaOHNa
+
+ OH
-

-NaOH td c vi axit, oxitaxxit, mui
*CO
2
+2NaOHNa
2
CO
3
+ H
2
OCO
2
+2OH
-
CO
3
2-
+H
2
O hoc CO
2
+NaOHNaHCO
3

*HCl+NaOHNaCl+H
2
O: H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
*CuSO
4
+2NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+Cu(OH)
2
: Cu
2+
+ 2OH
-
Cu(OH)
2

-NaOH Lm x phng, phm nhum, t nhn to,luyn nhm, tinh ch du m.
II. Natri hirocacbonat
- Na
2
CO
3
l cht rn, mu trng tan nhiu trong nc. nhit thng Na
2
CO
3
.10H
2
O, nhit cao
kt tinh to Na
2
CO
3
. Na
2
CO
3
l mui ca axit yu v c nhng tnh cht chung ca mui.
- Na
2
CO
3
dng trong cng nghip thy tinh, bt git, phm nhum.
III. Kali nitrat: KNO
3
l nhng tinh th khng mu, bn trong kk, tan nhiu trong nc. B nhit phn
2KNO
3

o
t
2KNO
2
+O
2
; nhit cao KNO
3
l cht oxi ha mnh .
2. ng dng : Dng lm phn bn, to thuc n 2KNO
3
+3C+S
o
t
N
2
+3CO
2
+K
2
S
PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH to kt ta l
A. KNO
3
. B. FeCl
3
. C. BaCl
2
. D. K
2
SO
4
.
Cu 2: Dung dch lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh l
A. NaCl. B. Na
2
SO
4
. C. NaOH. D. NaNO
3
.
Cu 3: Sn phm to thnh c cht kt ta khi dung dch Na
2
CO
3

tc dng vi dung dch
A. KCl. B. KOH. C. NaNO
3
. D. CaCl
2
.
Cu 4: Khi nhit phn hon ton NaHCO
3
th sn phm ca phn ng nhit phn l
A. NaOH, CO
2
, H
2
. B. Na
2
O, CO
2
, H
2
O. C. Na
2
CO
3
, CO
2
, H
2
O. D. NaOH, CO
2
, H
2
O.
Cu 5: bo qun natri, ngi ta phi ngm natri trong
A. nc. B. ru etylic. C. du ha. D. phenol lng.
Cu6: Mt mui khi tan vo nc to thnh dung dch c mi trng kim, mui l
A. Na2CO3. B. MgCl2. C. KHSO4. D. NaCl.
Cu 7: C th dng NaOH ( th rn) lm kh cc cht kh
A. NH
3
, O
2
, N
2
, CH
4
, H
2
B. N
2
, Cl
2
, O
2
, CO
2
, H
2

C. NH
3
, SO
2
, CO, Cl
2
D. N
2
, NO
2
, CO
2
, CH
4
, H
2

Cu 8: Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc.
B. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc
C. in phn dung dch NaNO
3
, khng c mn ngn in cc
D. in phn NaCl nng chy
Cu 9: Cho dy cc cht: FeCl
2
, CuSO
4
, BaCl
2
, KNO
3
. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 10: Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l
A. 2KNO3
0
t
2KNO2 + O2. B. NaHCO3
0
t
NaOH + CO2.
C. NH4Cl
0
t
NH3 + HCl. D. NH4NO2
0
t
N2 + 2H2O.
Cu 11: Qu trnh no sau y, ion Na
+
khng b kh thnh Na?
A. in phn NaCl nng chy. B. in phn dung dch NaCl trong nc
C. in phn NaOH nng chy. D. in phn Na
2
O nng chy
Cu 12: Qu trnh no sau y, ion Na
+
b kh thnh Na?
A. Dung dch NaOH tc dng vi dung dch HCl. B. in phn NaCl nng chy.
C. Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
tc dng vi dung dch HCl. D. Dung dch NaCl tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
.
Cu 13: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch NaCl, cc m xy ra:
A. s kh ion Na
+
. B. S oxi ho ion Na
+
. C. S kh phn t nc. D. S oxi ho phn t nc
Cu 14: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch KBr, phn ng no sau y xy ra cc dng?
A. Ion Br
b oxi ho. B. ion Br
b kh. C. Ion K
+
b oxi ho. D. Ion K
+
b kh.
Cu 15: in phn NaCl nng chy vi in cc tr, catt thu c
A. Na. B. NaOH. C. Cl
2
. D. HCl.
Cu16: Trng hp khng xy ra phn ng vi NaHCO
3
khi :
A. tc dng vi kim. B. tc dng vi CO
2
. C. un nng. D. tc dng vi axit.
Cu 17: Cho s phn ng: NaHCO
3
+ X
Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O. X l hp cht
A. KOH B. NaOH C. K
2
CO
3
D. HCl
Cu 18: Cho 0,02 mol Na
2
CO
3
tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl th th tch kh CO
2
thot ra ( ktc) l
A. 0,672 lt. B. 0,224 lt. C. 0,336 lt. D. 0,448 lt.
Cu 19: Trung ho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M bng 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 400. B. 200. C. 100. D. 300.
Cu 20: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo dung dch cha 8 gam NaOH, thu c dung dch X.
Khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch X l (Cho C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23)
Cu 21: in phn mui clorua kim loi kim nng chy thu c 1,792 lt kh (ktc) anot v 6,24 gam kim
loi catot. Cng thc ho hc ca mui em in phn l
A. LiCl. B. NaCl. C. KCl. ,D. RbCl.
Cu 22: Cho 0,69 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc (d) thu c 0,336 lt kh hiro ( ktc). Kim loi
kim l (Cho Li = 7, Na = 23, K = 39, Rb = 85)
A. Rb. B. Li. C. Na. D. K.
Cu 23: tc dng ht vi dung dch cha 0,01 mol KCl v 0,02 mol NaCl th th tch dung dch AgNO
3
1M
cn dng l
A. 40 ml. B. 20 ml. C. 10 ml. D. 30 ml.
Cu 24: Cho 6,08 gam hn hp NaOH v KOH tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra 8,30 gam hn hp mui
clorua. S gam mi hidroxit trong hn hp ln lt l:
A. 2,4 gam v 3,68 gam. B. 1,6 gam v 4,48 gam. C. 3,2 gam v 2,88 gam. D. 0,8 gam v 5,28 gam.
Cu 25: Cho 100 gam CaCO
3
tc dng vi axit HCl d. Kh thot ra hp th bng 200 gam dung dch NaOH
30%. Lng mui Natri trong dung dch thu c l
A. 10,6 gam Na
2
CO
3
B. 53 gam Na
2
CO
3
v 42 gam NaHCO
3

C. 16,8 gam NaHCO
3
D. 79,5 gam Na
2
CO
3
v 21 gam NaHCO
3

Cu 26: Cho hn hp cc kim loi kim Na, K ha tan ht vo nc c dung dch A v 0,672 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
Th tch dung dch HCl 0,1M cn trung ha ht mt phn ba dung dch A l
A. 100 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 300 ml. D. 600 ml.
Cu 27: Cho 1,15 gam mt kim loi kim X tan ht vo nc. trung ho dung dch thu c cn 50 gam dung
dch HCl 3,65%. X l kim loi no sau y?
A. K. B. Na. C. Cs. D. Li.
Cu 28: Nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c khi cho 3,9 gam Kali tc dng vi 108,2 gam H
2
O l
A. 5,00% B. 6,00% C. 4,99%. D. 4,00%
Cu 29: Ho tan m gam Na kim loi vo nc thu c dung dch X. Trung ho dung dch X cn 100ml dung
dch H
2
SO
4
1M. Gi tr m dng l
Cu 30: Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8 gam cht rn v kh X.
Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l
KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT
BI 26:KIM LOI KIM TH. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM
TH
Phn 1- l thuyt
A. KIM LOI KIM TH
I.V tr v cu to :Kim loi kim th thuc nhm IIA, gm Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba,Ra. electron lp nggoi
cng nS
2
,
II.Tnh cht vt l: Nhit nng chy v nhit si tng i thp. cng c cao hn kim loi
kim nhng vn thp. Khi lng ring tng i nh,l nhng kim loi nh hn nhm.(tr Ba)
II.Tnh cht ho hc:
Cc nguyn t kim loi kim c nng lng ion ha tng i nh, v vy
Kim lo i ki m th c tnh kh manh.Tnh kh tng dn t Be n Ba: MM
2+
+2e.
Trong cc hp cht , klk th c s oxh l +2.
1/Tc dng vi phi kim: VD: 2Mg + O
2
2MgO
a) Kim loi kim th kh c H
+
trong cc dung dch axit HCl, H
2
SO
4
thnh kh H
2

M + 2H
+
M
2+
+ H
2
|
b) Kim loi kim th kh c N
+5
trong HNO
3
long xung N
-3
; S
+6
trong H
2
SO
4
c xung S
-2
.
4Mg+10HNO
3
long
4Mg(NO
3
)
2
+NH
4
NO
3
+ 3H
2
O
4Mg+50H
2
SO
4
4MgSO
4
+H
2
S+ 4H
2
O
3/ Td vi H
2
O :
-Ca,Sr,Ba tc dng vi nc nhit thng thnh dung dch baz Vd : Ca +2 H
2
O = Ca(OH)
2
+ H
2
|
- Be khng tc dng vi nc. Mg tc dng chm vi nc nhit thng to ra Mg(OH)
2
,Mg tc
dng nhanh vi hi nc nhit cao to thnh MgO: 2Mg +O
2
=2MgO
B. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM TH
1/ Canxi hiroxit:Ca(OH)
2
rn ,mu trng , t tan trong nc
-dd canxi hiroxit l mt dd baz mnh :Ca(OH)
2
Ca
2+
+2OH
-
tc dng vi oxit axit, axit ,mui.
Ca(OH)
2
+CO
2
CaCO
3 +
+ H
2
O Nhn bit CO
2

-ng dng:ch to to va xy nh,kh chua, ty trng ,kh trng, sx amoniac, clorua vi, vt liu xy
dng.
2/ canxi cacbonat:CaCO
3
Cht rn mu trng ,khng tan trong nc

-y l mui ca mt axit yu v khng bn,tc dng vi nhiu axit v c v hu c gii phng kh CO
2
:
CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CaCl
2
+H
2
O +CO
2
CaCO
3
+ 2CH
3
COOH Ca(CH
3
COO)
2
+H
2
O+CO
2
c bit:CaCO
3
tan dn trong nc c cha kh CO
2
: CaCO
3
+ H
2
O +CO
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2

ph n ng x y ra theo 2 chi u :chiu (1) gii thch s xm thc ca nc ma,chiu (2) gii thch s
to thnh thch nh trong hang ng.
3/Canxi sunphat:CaSO
4
cht rn mu trng , t tan trong nc.C 3 loi:
+ CaSO
4 .
2H
2
O :thch cao sng,bn nhit thng. CaSO
4 .
H
2
O :thch cao nung, iu ch bng cch
nung thch cao sng.
+ CaSO
4
:thch cao khan, iu ch bng cch nung th ch cao sng nhi t cao h n.
+th ch cao nung th ng d ng c t ng,ph n vi t b ng,b b t khi g y x ng
II.N C CNG:
1/khi nim:
-Nc cng l nc c cha nhiu ion Canxi,Magi.
-Nc cha it hoc khng c cha ion Canxi ,magi gi l nc mm.
2./phn loi nc cng:
-Nc cng tm thi : nc c cha cc mi :Ca(HCO
3
)
2
,Mg(HCO
3
)
2

-Nc cng vnh cu: nc c cha cc mui: CaCl
2
,MgCl
2
,CaSO
4
,MgSO
4.
-
Nc cng ton phn:nc c c tnh tm thi v tnh vnh cu.
3/ tc hi ca nc cng:nc cng lm x phng t bt, nu thc phm b lu chin v gim mi v, gy
tc hi trong cc ngnh sn xut.
4/ Cc bin php lm mm nc cng:Nguyn tc:gim nng cation :Ca
2+
,Mg
2+
trong nc cng.
*Phng php kt ta:
-Vi nc cng tm thi: un si hoc dung Ca(OH)
2
hoc Na
2
CO
3
d kt ta ion canxi,magie ,loi b
kt ta ta c nc mm: M(HCO
3
)
2
MCO
3
+CO
2
+H
2
O
-Vi nc cng vnh cu: Dung Na
2
CO
3,
Na
3
PO
4
,Ca(OH)
2
d lm mm :
Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2-

CaCO
3
3Ca
2+
+2PO
4
3-
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
Mg
2+
+ CO
3
2-

MgCO
3
3Mg
2+
+2PO
4
3-
Mg
3
(PO
4
)
2

*Phng php trao i ion: Dng cht trao i ion(ht zeolit), hoc nha trao i ion. Nc cng i
qua cht trao i ion l cc ht zeolit th ion canxi ,magi c trao i bng nhng ion khc nh
H
+
,Na
+
.ta c nc mm.

Cu 1: S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IIA l
A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1.
Cu 2: Trong bng tun hon, Mg l kim loi thuc nhm
A. IIA. B. IVA. C. IIIA. D. IA.
Cu 3: Dy gm cc kim loi u phn ng vi nc nhit thng to ra dung dch c mi trng kim l
A. Be, Na, Ca. B. Na, Ba, K. C. Na, Fe, K. D. Na, Cr, K.
Cu 4: phn bit hai dung dch KNO
3
v Zn(NO
3
)
2
ng trong hai l ring bit, ta c th dng dung dch
A. HCl. B. NaOH. C. NaCl. D. MgCl
2
.
Cu 5: Kim loi khng phn ng vi nc nhit thng l
A. Fe. B. Na. C. Ba. D. K.
Cu 6: Hai kim loi u thuc nhm IIA trong bng tun hon l
A. Sr, K. B. Na, Ba. C. Be, Al. D. Ca, Ba.
Cu7: Cht c th dng lm mm nc cng tm thi l
A. NaCl. B. NaHSO
4
. C. Ca(OH)
2
. D. HCl.
Cu8: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
to ra kt ta l
A. NaOH. B. Na
2
CO
3
. C. BaCl
2
. D. NaCl.
Cu 9: Nc cng l nc c cha nhiu cc ion
A. Cu
2+
, Fe
3+
. B. Al
3+
, Fe
3+
. C. Na
+
, K
+
. D. Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
.
Cu 10: Hai cht c dng lm mm nc cng vnh cu l
A. Na2CO3 v HCl. B. Na2CO3 v Na3PO4. C. Na2CO3 v Ca(OH)2. D. NaCl v Ca(OH)2.
Cu 11: Nc cng khng gy ra tc hi no di y?
A. Gy ng c nc ung.
B. Lm mt tnh ty ra ca x phng, lm h hi qun o.
C. Lm hng cc dung dch pha ch. Lm thc phm lu chn v gim mi v thc phm.
D. Gy hao tn nhin liu v khng an ton cho cc ni hi, lm tc cc ng ng dn nc.
Cu 12: Cho cc hiroxit: NaOH, Mg(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3. Hiroxit c tnh baz mnh nht l
A. NaOH. B. Mg(OH)2. C. Fe(OH)3. D. Al(OH)3.
A. Na
2
O v H
2
O. B. dung dch NaNO
3
v dung dch MgCl
2
.
C. dung dch AgNO
3
v dung dch KCl. D. dung dch NaOH v Al
2
O
3
.
Cu 14: Khi dn t t kh CO
2
n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
thy c
A. bt kh v kt ta trng. B. bt kh bay ra.
C. kt ta trng xut hin. D. kt ta trng, sau kt ta tan dn.
Cu 15: Cho dy cc kim loi: Fe, Na, K, Ca. S kim loi trong dy tc dng c vi nc nhit thng l
A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
Cu 16: Sn phm to thnh c cht kt ta khi dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2

tc dng vi dung dch
A. HNO
3
. B. HCl. C. Na
2
CO
3
. D. KNO
3
.
Cu 17: Cho 10 gam mt kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thot ra 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Tn ca kim loi
kim th l
A. Ba. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Sr.
Cu 18: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO
2
v 68,64% CO v th tch i qua 100 gam dung dch Ca(OH)
2

7,4% thy tch ra m gam kt ta. Tr s ca m bng
Cu 19: Thi V lt (ktc) kh CO
2
vo 300 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,02M th thu c 0,2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca
V l: A. 44,8 ml hoc 89,6 ml B. 224 ml C. 44,8 ml hoc 224 ml D. 44,8 ml
Cu 20: Dn 17,6 gam CO
2
vo 500 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,6M. Phn ng kt thc thu c bao nhiu gam kt
ta? A. 20 gam. B. 30 gam. C. 40 gam. D. 25 gam.
Cu 21: Dn V lit CO
2
(ktc) vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
thu c 25 gam kt ta v dung dch X, un nng dung
dch li thu thm c 5 gam kt ta na. Gi tr ca V l
A. 7,84 lit B. 11,2 lit C. 6,72 lit D. 5,6 lit
Cu 22: Khi trn ln dung dch cha 0,15 mol NaHCO
3
vi dung dch cha 0,10 mol Ba(OH)
2
, sau phn ng thu
c m gam kt ta trng. Gi tr m l (Cho C = 12, O = 16, Na = , Ba = 137)
Cu 23: Ho tan ht 5,00 gam hn hp gm mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim v mt mui cacbonat ca kim
loi kim th bng dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt CO
2
(kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng s thu c mt
hn hp mui khan nng
Cu 24: Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d) thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H
2
( ktc). Th
tch dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
2M cn dng trung ha dung dch X l
A. 150 ml B. 60 ml C. 75 ml D. 30 ml
NHM V HP CHT CA NHM
A. NHM
I. V tr v cu to: Nhm c s hiu nguyn t 13, thuc chu k 3, nhm IIIA, chu k 3 BTH
2. Cu to ca nhm: Cu hnh e: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1
hay [Ne]3s
2
3p
1
. S oxi ho: +3.
II. Tnh cht vt l: Al mu trng bc, mm, d ko si v dt mng, nh (2,7g/cm
3
), t
0
nc
= 660
0
C, dn
in v nhit tt.
III. Tnh cht ha hc: Nhm l kim loi c tnh kh mnh sau kim loi kim v kim th.
Al Al
3+
+ 3e
1. Tc dng vi phi kim: Tc dng trc tip v mnh vi nhiu phi kim nh: O
2
, Cl
2
, S,
2. Tc dng vi axit HCl v H
2
SO
4
long H
2
:
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
2Al + 6H
+
2Al
3+
+ 3H
2

Vi HNO
3
long hoc c nng, H
2
SO
4
c nng th nhm kh
5 +
N v
6 +
S xung s oxi ho thp hn.
Al + 4HNO
3
long Al(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
2Al + 6H
2
SO
4
c, nng Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
Vi HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
c ngui: khng tc dng .
4. Tc dng vi nc.
Nhm c th kh c nc H
2
: 2Al + 6H
2
O 2Al(OH)
3
+ 3H
2

Nhng vt bng nhm c ph mng Al
2
O
3
rt mng, mn, bn nn khng cho nc v kh thm qua.
5. Tc dng vi dung dch kim.
Nhm tan trong dung dch kim : 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H
2
O 2NaAlO
2
(dd) + 3H
2

Hin tng trn c gii thch nh sau:
- Mng bo v Al
2
O
3
b ph hy trong dung dch kim: Al
2
O
3
+ 2NaOH 2NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O
- Nhm kh nc: 2Al + 6H
2
O 2Al(OH)
3
+3H
2

-Mng Al(OH)
3
b ph hy: Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH 2NaAlO
2
(dd) + 3H
2

IV. ng dng v sn xut.
1. ng dng:Ch to my bay, t, tn la, tu v tr, trang tr ni tht, bt nhm trn bt st( tecmit)
dng hn ng ray.
2. Sn xut: Trong cng nghip, nhm c sn xut t qung boxit bng phng php in phn. C 2
cng on:Tinh ch qung boxit(Al
2
O
3
.2H
2
O): loi b tp cht SiO
2
, Fe
2
O
3
in phn Al
2
O
3
nng
chy( hn hp Al
2
O
3
vi criolit Na
3
AlF
6
): 2Al
2
O
3

pnc
4Al + 3O
2

Cu 1: S electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Al l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 1. D. 2.
Cu 2: Al
2
O
3

phn ng c vi c hai dung dch:
A. Na
2
SO
4
, KOH. B. NaOH, HCl. C. KCl, NaNO
3
. D. NaCl, H
2
SO
4
.
Cu 3: Kim loi Al khng phn ng vi dung dch
A. NaOH long. B. H
2
SO
4
c, ngui. C. H
2
SO
4
c, nng. D. H
2
SO
4
long.
Cu 4: nhit thng, kim loi Al tc dng c vi dung dch
A. Mg(NO
3
)
2
. B. Ca(NO
3
)
2
. C. KNO
3
. D. Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
Cu 5: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. Mg(OH)
2
. B. Ca(OH)
2
. C. KOH. D. Al(OH)
3
.
Cu6: phn bit dung dch AlCl
3
v dung dch KCl ta dng dung dch
A. NaOH. B. HCl. C. NaNO
3
. D. H
2
SO
4
.
Cu7: Nguyn liu chnh dng sn xut nhm l
A. qung pirit. B. qung boxit. C. qung manhetit. D. qung lmit.
Cu 8: Ch dng dung dch KOH phn bit c cc cht ring bit trong nhm no sau y?
A. Zn, Al
2
O
3
, Al. B. Mg, K, Na. C. Mg, Al
2
O
3
, Al. D. Fe, Al
2
O
3
, Mg.
Cu 9: Kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. Ag. B. Cu. C. Fe. D. Al.
Cu 10: Cht c tnh cht lng tnh l
A. NaCl. B. Al(OH)3. C. AlCl3. D. NaOH.
Cu 11: Cho phn ng: aAl + bHNO
3

3
)
3
+ dNO + eH
2
O.
H s a, b, c, d, e l cc s nguyn, ti gin. Tng (a + b) bng
A. 5. B. 4. C. 7. D. 6.
Cu 12: Kim loi Al khng phn ng vi dung dch
A. H
2
SO
4
c, ngui. B. Cu(NO
3
)
2
. C. HCl. D. NaOH.
Cu 13: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. Al
2
O
3
. B. MgO. C. KOH. D. CuO.
Cu 14: Cht khng c tnh cht lng tnh l
A. NaHCO
3
. B. AlCl
3
. C. Al(OH)
3
. D. Al
2
O
3
.
Cu 15: Phn ng ha hc xy ra trong trng hp no di y khng thuc loi phn ng nhit nhm?
A. Al tc dng vi Fe
2
O
3
nung nng B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng.
C. Al tc dng vi Fe
3
O
4
nung nng D. Al tc dng vi axit H
2
SO
4
c nng
Cu 16: Al
2
O
3

phn ng c vi c hai dung dch:
A. KCl, NaNO
3
. B. Na
2
SO
4
, KOH. C. NaCl, H
2
SO
4
. D. NaOH, HCl.
Cu 17: Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l
A. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln. B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan.
C. ch c kt ta keo trng. D. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.
Cu 18: Sc kh CO
2
n d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
. Hin tng xy ra l
A. c kt ta nu . B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta li tan.
C. c kt ta keo trng. D. dung dch vn trong sut.
Cu 19: Nhm hidroxit thu c t cch no sau y?
A. Cho d dung dch HCl vo dung dch natri aluminat. B. Thi kh CO
2
vo dung dch natri aluminat.
C. Cho d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl
3
. D. Cho Al
2
O
3
tc dng vi nc
Cu 20: Cc dung dch MgCl
2
v AlCl
3
u khng mu. phn bit 2 dung dch ny c th dng dung dch ca
cht no sau y?
A. NaOH. B. HNO
3
. C. HCl. D. NaCl.
Cu 21: Cho 2,7 gam Al tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, th tch kh H
2

( ktc) thot ra l (Cho Al = 27)
A. 3,36 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
Cu 22: Cho bt nhm tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng bt nhm
phn ng l (Cho Al = 27)
Cu 23: Cho 5,4 gam bt nhm tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c V lt kh hiro ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (Cho H = 1, Al = 27)
A. 0,336 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 0,224 lt.
Cu 24: Ho tan m gam Al vo dung dch HNO
3
rt long ch thu c hn hp kh gm 0,015 mol N
2
O v 0,01
mol NO. Gi tr ca m l
Cu 25: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp Al v Fe trong lng d dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thot ra 0,4 mol kh, cn
trong lng d dung dch NaOH th thu c 0,3 mol kh. Gi tr m dng l
Cu 26: Ha tan hon ton hp kim Al - Mg trong dung dch HCl, thu c 8,96 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Nu cng cho
mt lng hp kim nh trn tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c 6,72 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Thnh phn phn
trm theo khi lng ca Al trong hp kim l
A. 69,2%. B. 65,4%. C. 80,2%. D. 75,4%.
Cu27. Cho dung dch cha 2,8 gam NaOH tc dng vi dung dch cha 3,42 gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
. Sau phn ng

khi
lng kt ta thu c l
Cu28: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l
15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Al = 27)
A. 1,2. B. 1,8. C. 2,4. D. 2.
ST v HP CHT
Bai 31 ST
1. V tr: Fe thuc 26, Nhm VIIIB, Chu k 4
2. Cu hnh electron nguyn t: Cu hnh electron : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
4s
2
hay [Ar] 3d
6
4s
2

KL: Fe l nguyn t d, c 2 e ngoi cng c th nhng 2e hoc 3e phn lp 4s v 3d tr thnh
ion Fe
2+
v

Fe
3+
. Fe Fe
2+
[Ar]3d
6
+ 2e
Fe Fe
3+
[Ar]3d
5
+3e
II. Tnh cht vt l: St l kim loi mu trng, hi xm, do, dai, d rn, KLR ln (D = 7,9 g/cm
3
), nng
chy 1540
o
C. Dn in, dn nhit tt, c tnh nhim t.
III. Tnh cht ha hc: Fe c tnh kh trung bnh
- Khi tc dng vi cht oxi ha yu, st b oxi ha n s oxi ha +2: Fe Fe
+2
+ 2e
- Khi tc dng vi cht oxi ha mnh, st b oxi ha n s oxi ha +3: Fe Fe
+3
+ 3e
1. Tc dng vi phi kim : nhit cao, st kh nguyn t phi kim thnh ion m v b oxi ha n s
oxi ha +2 hoc +3
o
Fe +
o
S
0
t

2 +
Fe
2
S ( st II sunfua) 3
o
Fe + 2
o
O
2

0
t

3 / 8 +
Fe
3
2
4
O
( oxit st t)
(FeO. Fe
2
O
3
)
2
o
Fe +3
o
Cl
2

0
t
2
3 +
Fe
1
3
Cl (st III clorua)

2. Tc dng vi axt
a. Fe kh ion H
+
ca dung dch HCl, H
2
SO
4
long thnh H
2
, Fe b oxi ha n s oxi ha +2.
o
Fe +
4
1
2
SO H
+

2 +
FeSO
4
+
o
H
2

b. Fe kh
5 +
N hoc
6 +
S trong dung dch HNO
3
long hoc H
2
SO
4
, HNO
3
c, nng n s oxi ha thp
hn, cn Fe b oxi ha n s oxi ha +3
o
Fe +4H
5 +
N O
3
(l)
3 +
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+
2 +
N O+ H
2
O
o
Fe+6H
5 +
N O
3
()
0
t
3 +
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3 O N
4 +
2
+
3H
2
O
2
o
Fe + 6
4
6
2
O S H
+
()
0
t

3 +
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+
4
2
+
SO + 6H
2
O
Ch : St b th ng vi axt HNO
3
c, ngui hoc H
2
SO
4
c, ngui.
3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui Fe c th kh ion ca kim loi ng sau n trong dy in ha
VD: Fe +
2 +
Cu SO
4

2 +
FeSO
4
+ Cu
4. Tc dng vi nc
- nhit thng, Fe khng kh c nc
- nhit cao, Fe kh hi nc to ra H
2
v Fe
3
O
4
hoc FeO
3Fe + 4H
2
O
< C t
o o
570
Fe
3
O
4
+ 4 H
2
Fe + H
2
O
> C t
o o
570
FeO + H
2

IV- Trng thi t nhin: St tn ti ch yu dng hp cht trong: qung manhetit (Fe
3
O
4
), qung
hematit (Fe
2
O
3
), qung hematit nu ( Fe
2
O
3
.nH
2
O), qung xirit (FeCO
3
), qung pirit (FeS
2
). St c
trong hemoglobin (huyt cu t) ca mu. St t do c trong nhng thin thch.
Bi 32: HP CHT CA ST
I. HP CHT Fe(II): St(II) oxit, St(II) hiroxit, Mui st(II).
- Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca Fe(II) l tnh kh (nhng 1e): Fe
2+
Fe
3+
+ 1e
1/. St (II) oxt: FeO
- FeO tan trong dd HNO
3
long NO | : 3FeO+10HNO
3
(l) 3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+NO+5H
2
O
Phng trnh ion thu gn: 3FeO+NO
3
-
+10H
+
3Fe
3+
+NO+5H
2
O
- FeO cht rn, en, khng c trong t nhin. iu ch: Fe
2
O
3
+
2
H
CO

c
0
500
2FeO+CO
2
2/. St (II) hiroxit Fe(OH)
2

- Fe(OH)
2
rn mu trng hi xanh, khng tan trong nc. Fe(OH)
2
km bn trong khng kh => d b oxi
ha thnh Fe(OH)
3
mu nu + : 4Fe(OH)
2
+O
2
+2H
2
O4Fe(OH)
3

- iu ch Fe(OH)
2
tinh khit: iu ch trong iu kin khng c khng kh: Fe
2+
+2OH
-
Fe(OH)
3

3/. Mui Fe(II)
- Mui st(II) + cht oxi ha Mui st(III) VD:
3
3
2 2
2
2 2 eCl F Cl eCl F
+ +
+
- Mui st(II) a s tan trong nc, kt tinh dng ngm nc: FeSO
4
.7H
2
O , FeCl
2
.4H
2
O
- iu ch:
2
) (OH Fe
FeO
Fe
+HCl Mui st(II) VD:Fe +2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
hoc FeO+H
2
SO
4

FeSO
4
+H
2
O
II. HP CHT Fe(III) Fe
2
O
3
. Fe(OH)
3
. Cc mui st(III).
Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca hp cht Fe(III) l tnh oxi ha (nhn e) Fe
3+
+1e Fe
2+
hoc Fe
3+
+3e
Fe
1/. St (III) oxit : Fe
2
O
3
Rn, nu, khng tan trong nc
- nhit cao, Fe
2
O
3
b CO hoc H
2
kh mnh
Fe
2
O
3
+Al
cao t 0
Al
2
O
3
+Fe Fe
2
O
3
+ 3CO
cao t 0
2Fe+3CO
2 |

- Trong t nhin: di dng qung hmatit dng luyn gang
- Fe
2
O
3
l 1 oxit baz => tan trong axit mnhmui Fe(III)
Fe
2
O
3
+6HCl 2FeCl
3
+3H
2
O
* iu ch: 2Fe(OH)
3
0 t
Fe
2
O
3
+3H
2
O
2/. Fe(OH)
3
rn, nu, khng tan trong nc. Fe(OH)
3
tan trong axit mnh mui Fe(III)
2Fe(OH)
3
+3H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6H
2
O
*iu ch:Fe
3+
+3OH
-
Fe(OH)
3 +

3/Mui Fe(III): Cc mui Fe(III) a s tan trong nc. Kt tinh thng dng ngm nc. FeCl
3
.6H
2
O,
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.9H
2
O
*Mui st (III)+ KLMui Fe(II) VD:
2
2 0
3
3
3 2 eCl F e F eCl F
+ +
+
Oxi ha kh
2
2
2
2 0
3
3
2 2 uCl C eCl F u C eCl F
+ + +
+ +
* FeCl
3
dng lm cht xc tc trong tng hp hu c
BI 33: HP KIM CA ST
I. GANG.
1. Khi nim gang: Gang l hp kim ca St vi Cacbon trong c t 2-5% khi lng Cacbon ngoi
ra cn c mt lng nh cc nguyn t Si, Mn, S. . .
2. Phn loi gang: c 2 loi:
- Gang xm( cha cacbon) Dng c b my, ng dn nc, cnh ca. . .
- Gang trng Cha t cacbon hn v Cacbon ch yu dng xementit( Fe
3
C), dng luyn thp.
3. Sn xut gang:
a. Nguyn tc: Kh qung st oxyt bng than cc trong l cao.
b. Nguyn liu:Qung st oxyt( Hematit : Fe
2
O
3
). Than cc, cht chy( CaCO
3
hoc SiO
2
).
c. Cc phn ng xy ra:
* Phn ng to cht kh CO: C + O
2
CO
2
CO
2
+ C 2CO
* Phn ng kh st oxyt: (1) 3Fe
2
O
3
+ CO

= CO
2
+ 3Fe
3
O
4

(2) Fe
3
O
4
+ CO

= 3CO
2
+ FeO
(3) FeO + CO

= CO
2
+ Fe
* Phn ng to x: CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2
CaO + SiO
2
CaSiO
3
( Canxi Silicat)
II. THP.
1. Khi nim thp: Thp l hp kim ca ca st cha t 0.012% khi lng cacbon cng vi mt s
nguyn t khc( Si, Mn, Cr, Ni. . .)
2. Phn loi thp:
*Thp thng( Thp cacbon). Thp mm: (cha < 0.1% C).Thp cng: ( cha >0.9% C).
*Thp c bit:
- Thp cha 13% Mn Rt cng Dng lm my nghin .
- Thp cha 20% Cr v 10% Ni Rt cng Dng lm dng c gia nh.
- Thp cha 18% W v 5% Cr Rt cng Dng lm my nghin . . .
3. Sn xut thp:
* Nguyn tc: Gim hm lng cc tp cht C. Si, S, Mn. . . .c trong Gang bng cch oxy ha cc cht
d thnh oxyt ri bin thnh x v tch ra khi thp.
* Cc phng php luyn thp: a. Phng php Bet-x-me. b. Phng php Mac-tanh c. Phng php
l in.
Cu 1: Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe
2+
?
A. [Ar]3d
6
. B. [Ar]3d
5
. C. [Ar]3d
4
. D. [Ar]3d
3
.
Cu 2: Trong cc loi qung st, qung c hm lng st cao nht l
A. hematit nu. B. manhetit. C. xierit. D. hematit .
Cu 3: Hai dung dch u phn ng c vi kim loi Fe l
A. CuSO
4
v ZnCl
2
. B. CuSO
4
v HCl. C. ZnCl
2
v FeCl
3
. D. HCl v AlCl
3
.
Cu 4: Cho st phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c mt cht kh mu nu . Cht kh l
A. NO2. B. N2O. C. NH3. D. N2.
Cu 5: Ho tan m gam Fe trong dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 4,48 lt kh H
2
( ktc).
Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56, H = 1, Cl = 35,5)
A. 2,8. B. 1,4. C. 5,6. D. 11,2.
Cu 6: Ho tan hon ton m gam Fe trong dung dch HNO
3
long d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 0,448
lt kh NO duy nht ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56, H = 1, Cl = 35,5)
A. 11,2. B. 0,56. C. 5,60. D. 1,12.
Cu 7. Bao nhiu gam clo tc dng va kim loi st to ra 32,5 gam FeCl
3
?

A. 21,3 gam B. 14,2 gam. C. 13,2 gam. D. 23,1 gam.
Cu 8: Cho mt t bt st nguyn cht tc dng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thu c 560 ml mt cht kh (
ktc). Nu cho mt lng gp i bt st ni trn tc dng ht vi dung dch CuSO
4
th thu c m gam mt cht
rn. Gi tr m l
Cu 9: Hn hp X gm Cu v Fe, trong Cu chim 43,24% khi lng. Cho 14,8 gam X tc dng ht vi dung
dch HCl thy c V lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,36 lt.
Cu 10: Cho 20 gam hn hp bt Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c 1 gam kh H
2
bay ra. Lng
mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l bao nhiu gam ?
Cu 11. Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch HNO
3
ly d ta thu c 8,96 lit(kc) hn hp kh X gm 2 kh NO v
NO
2
c t khi hi hn hp X so vi oxi bng 1,3125. Gi tr ca m l
Cu 12: Phn hy Fe(OH)3 nhit cao n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn l
A. FeO. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe3O4. D. Fe(OH)2.
Cu 13: Sn phm to thnh c cht kt ta khi dung dch Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3

tc dng vi dung dch
A. NaOH. B. Na
2
SO
4
. C. NaCl. D. CuSO
4
.
Cu 14: Dy gm hai cht ch c tnh oxi ho l
A. Fe(NO
3
)
2
, FeCl
3
. B. Fe(OH)
2
, FeO. C. Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. D. FeO, Fe
2
O
3
.
Cu 15: Cho s chuyn ho: Fe
X
FeCl
3
Y
Fe(OH)
3
(mi mi tn ng vi mt phn ng). Hai cht X,
Y ln lt l
A. HCl, NaOH. B. HCl, Al(OH)
3
. C. NaCl, Cu(OH)
2
. D. Cl
2
, NaOH.
Cu 16: Hp cht st (II) sunfat c cng thc l
A. FeSO
4
. B. Fe(OH)
3
. C. Fe
2
O
3
. D. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
Cu 17: St c th tan trong dung dch no sau y?
A. FeCl
2
. B. FeCl
3
. C. MgCl
2
. D. AlCl
3
.
Cu 18: Hp cht no sau y ca st va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh?
A. FeO. B. Fe
2
O
3
. C. Fe(OH)
3
. D. Fe(NO
3
)
3
.
Cu 19: Nhn nh no sau y sai?
A. St tan c trong dung dch CuSO
4
. B. St tan c trong dung dch FeCl
3
.
C. St tan c trong dung dch FeCl
2
. D. ng tan c trong dung dch FeCl
3
.
Cu 20: Cht c tnh oxi ho nhng khng c tnh kh l
A. Fe. B. Fe
2
O
3
. C. FeCl
2
. D. FeO.
Cu 21: Cho phn ng: a Fe + b HNO
3
c Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ d NO + e H
2
O
Cc h s a, b, c, d, e l nhng s nguyn, n gin nht. Th tng (a+b) bng
A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 22: Cho dy cc cht: FeCl
2
, CuSO
4
, BaCl
2
, KNO
3
. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 23: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Cu, Fe, Ag, Zn. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 24: Kh hon ton 16 gam Fe
2
O
3
bng kh CO nhit cao. Kh i ra sau phn ng c dn vo dung
dch Ca(OH)
2
d. Khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 15 gam B. 20 gam. C. 25 gam. D. 30 gam.
Cu:25 Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau
phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l
Cu 26: Cho 32 gam hn hp gm MgO, Fe
2
O
3
, CuO tc dng va vi 300ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
2M. Khi
lng mui thu c l
Cu 27: Ha tn 10 gam hn hp bt Fe v Fe
2
O
3
bng dd HCl thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch A. Cho
dung dch A tc dng vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta. Nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i
c cht rn c khi lng l:
Cu 28: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va
vi V ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l (cho Fe = 56)
A. 40. B. 80. C. 60. D. 20.
CRM v HP CHT
A. CROM
1. V tr ca - Cu to:Crom thuc 24, nhm VIB, chu k 4. Cu hnh electron:
Cr (Z=24): 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
1
Hay [Ar]3d
5
4s
1

II. TNH CHT VT L: Crom c mu trng bc, rt cng, kh nng chy (t
nc
= 1890
o
C).Crom l kim
loi nng, D = 7,2g/cm
3
.
III. TNH CHT HA HC: Crom l kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn st km hn km, s oxi ha t
+1 n +6( thng gp l +2, +3, +6).
1. Tc dng vi phi kim
- nhit thng Crom ch tc dng vi Flo, bn trong kk v c lp
3
3
2
O Cr
+
bo v.
- nhit cao, crom kh nhiu phi kim: oxi, clo, lu hunh,
0
Cr 4 + 3O
2

o
t
3
3
2
O Cr 2
+

0
Cr 2 + 3Cl
2

o
t
3
3
Cl Cr 2
+

0
Cr 4 + 3S
o
t
3
3
2
2 S Cr
+

2. Tc dng vi nc: Cr khng tc dng vi H
2
O
3. Tc dng vi axit HCl, H
2
SO
4
long nng mui Cr(II) nu khng c kk v kh H
2
:

0
Cr + 2HCl
2
2
Cl Cr
+
+ H
2
|
Ch : Tng t nhm, crom khng tc dng vi axit HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
c, ngui.
V. SN XUT

Qung cromit FeO.Cr
2
O
3
oxit crom Cr
2
O
3
Cr ( tinh khit 97 99%):
Cr
2
O
3
+ 2Al
o
t
2Cr + Al
2
O
3

B. MT S HP CHT CA CROM
II.Hp cht crom(III).
1.Crom(III) oxit: Cr
2
O
3
l cht rn ,mu lc lc thm, khng tan trong nc.
Cr
2
O
3
: l oxt lng tnh tan trong axt v kim c.
2.Crom(III) hiroxit Cr(OH)
3
l cht rn , mu lc xm ,khng tan trong nc .
.iu ch: CrCl
3
+3NaOHCr(OH)
3
+3NaCl.
Cr(OH)
3
: hiroxit lng tnh . Cr(OH)
3
+ NaOHNaCrO
2
+2H
2
O Cr(OH)
3
+
3HClCrCl
3
+3H
2
O
Tnh axit Natricromit Tnh baz
3.Mui crom(III): c tnh oxi ha v tnh kh.
Trong mi trng axt mui Cr(III) d b khmui Cr(II) 2Cr
+3
+ Zn
0
2Cr
+2
+ Zn
+2

(c.oxh) (c.k)
Trong mi trng kim mui Cr(III) b oxi ha thnh mui Cr(VI).2Cr
+3
+3Br
2
0
+16OH
-
2CrO
4
-2
+16Br
-
+8H
2
O
III.Hp cht Crom(VI).
1.Crom(VI) oxt CrO
3
l cht rn , mu thm .
-L oxt axt tc dng vi nc 2axit: CrO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
CrO
4
(axt cromic)
2CrO
3
+H
2
O H
2
Cr
2
O
7
(axit icromic)
CrO
3
c tnh oxi ha rt mnh ,mt s cht v c v hu c (S,C,P,NH
3
, C
2
H
5
OH) bc chy khi tip
xc vi CrO
3
Cr
2
O
3
Vd:2CrO
3
+ 2 NH
3
Cr
2
O
3
+N
2
+ 3H
2
O
2.Mui Cromat v icromat.
Mui Cromat CrO
4
2-
(mu vng) v mui icromat Cr
2
O
7
2-
(mu da cam) u c tnh oxi ha mnh.
Trong mi trng axt mui crom(VI) b kh mui Crom(III). Vd:
+ K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ 6 FeSO
4
+7H
2
SO
4
Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
+3Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+K
2
SO
4
+7H
2
O
+ K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+6KI +7H
2
SO
4
Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 4 K
2
SO
4
+7H
2
O +3I
2

.Trong mi trng thch hp :2CrO
4
2-
+ 2H
+
Cr
2
O
7
2-
+ H
2
O
(mu vng) (mu da cam)
Cu 1: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cr
3+
l:
A. [Ar]3d
5
. B. [Ar]3d
4
. C. [Ar]3d
3
. D. [Ar]3d
2
.
Cu 2: Cc s oxi ho c trng ca crom l:
A. +2; +4, +6. B. +2, +3, +6. C. +1, +2, +4, +6. D. +3, +4, +6.
Cu 3: Nh t t dung dch H
2
SO
4
long vo dung dch K
2
CrO
4
th mu ca dung dch chuyn t
A. khng mu sang mu vng. B. mu da cam sang mu vng.
C. khng mu sang mu da cam. D. mu vng sang mu da cam.
Cu 4: Oxit lng tnh l
nhit nhm

tch

A. Cr
2
O
3
. B. MgO. C. CrO. D. CaO.
Cu 5: Cho phn ng : NaCrO
2
+ Br
2
+ NaOH Na
2
CrO
4
+ NaBr + H
2
O
Khi cn bng phn ng trn, h s ca NaCrO
2
l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 6: Cp kim loi no sau y bn trong khng kh v nc do c mng oxit bo v?
A. Fe v Al. B. Fe v Cr. C. Mn v Cr. D. Al v Cr.
Cu 7: Khi so snh trong cng mt iu kin th Cr l kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn
A. Fe. B. K. C. Na. D. Ca.
Cu 8: Khi lung K
2
Cr
2
O
7
cn dng oxi ho ht 0,6 mol FeSO
4
trong dung dch c H
2
SO
4
long lm mi
trng l (Cho O = 16, K = 39, Cr = 52)
A. 29,4 gam B. 59,2 gam. C. 24,9 gam. D. 29,6 gam
Cu 9: Mun iu ch 6,72 lt kh clo (kc) th khi lung K
2
Cr
2
O
7
ti thiu cn dng tc dng vi dung dch
HCl c, d l (Cho O = 16, K = 39, Cr = 52)
Cu 10: Khi lng bt nhm cn dng thu c 78 gam crom t Cr
2
O
3
bng phn ng nhit nhm (gi s
hiu sut phn ng l 100%) l
Cu 11: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Cr, Fe tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long nng (trong
iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v 7,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X (trong iu
kin khng c khng kh) c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 42,6. B. 45,5. C. 48,8. D. 47,1.
NG, KM v HP CHT
A. NG
I. V tr v cu to: Kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm I
B
, Chu k 4, S hiu NT l 29, K hiu Cu
Cu
64
29
.
Cu hnh e: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
1.
hoc: | | Ar 3d
10
4s
1
.Trong cc hp cht ng c soh ph bin l: +1;
+2.
Cu hnh e ca: Ion Cu
+
: | | Ar 3d
10
Ion Cu
2+
: | | Ar 3d
9
b. Cu to ca n cht:
- ng c BKNT nh hn kim loi nhm I
A
- Ion ng c in tch ln hn kim loi nhm I
A
- Kim loi ng c cu to kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din l tinh th c chc lin kt trong
n cht ng bn vng hn.
3. Mt s tnh cht khc ca ng:
- BKNT: 0,128 (nm).
- BK cc ion Cu
2+
: 0,076(nm); Cu
+
: 0,095 (nm)
- m in: 1,9
- Nng ln ion ha I
1
, I
2
: 744; 1956 (KJ/mol)
- Th in cc chun: E
0
Cu
2+
/
Cu
: +0,34(V).
II. Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu , do, d ko si v trng mng. Dn in v nhit rt cao (ch
km hn bc). D = 8,98g/cm
3
; t
0
nc

= 1083
0
C
III. Ha tnh: Cu l KL km hot ng; c tnh kh yu.
1. P vi phi kim:
- Khi t nng 2Cu + O
2
2CuO (ng II oxit)
- Cu td Vi Cl
2
, Br
2
, S nhit thng hoc un nng.
PT: Cu + Cl
2
CuCl
2
(ng clorua) Cu + S CuS (ng sunfua).
2. Tc dng vi axit:
a. Vi HCl, H
2
SO
4
(l): Khng phn ng nhng nu c mt O
2
ca khng kh th Cu b oh Cu
2+
(H 7.11)
PT: 2Cu + 4HCl + O
2
2CuCl
2
+ 2H
2
O.
b. Vi HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c nng:
0 4 2 ) 0 ( 3 ) ( 8 3
2
2
2 3
2 5
3
0
H NO N Cu l NO H Cu + | + +
+
+ +
0 2 0 2 ) 0 ( ) ( 4
2
4
2 2 3
2 5
3
0
H N N Cu NO H Cu + + +
+ + +

0 4 2 ) ( ) , ( 2
2 2
4
2 3
2
4
6
2
0
H O S SO Cu n SO H Cu + + +
+ + +

3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui:
- ng kh c ion ca nhng kim loi ng sau n trong dy in ha trong dung dch mui KL
t do
TD: Cu + 2AgN0
3
Cu(N0
3
)
2
+ 2Ag+ Cu + 2Ag
+
Cu
2+
+ 2Ag+
B. Mt s hp cht ca ng:
1. ng (II) Oxit: CuO l cht rn, mu en
Tnh oxi ha: TD: | + +
+
2
0 2
0 0
0
C Cu C O Cu
t
0 3 3 2
2
2
0 0
3
3 2
0
H N Cu H N O Cu
t
+ | + +
+

Tnh baz : CuO + 2HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
O
2. ng (II) hiroxit: Cu(OH)
2
Cht rn, mu xanh
Tnh baz: Phn ng vi axit M + H
2
O TD: Cu(OH)
2
+ 2HCl CuCl
2
+ 2H
2
0
Cu(OH)
2
d b nhit phn: Cu(OH)
2

0
t
CuO + H
2
0
3. ng II sunfat: CuS0
4
(khan) mu trng, cht rn. CuSO
4
hp th nc to thnh CuSO
4
.5H
2
O mu
xanh dng CuSO
4
khan dng pht hin du vt ca nc trong cc cht lng.
Cu 1: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu l
A. [Ar]4s
1
3d
10
. B. [Ar]4s
2
3d
9
. C. [Ar]3d
10
4s
1
. D. [Ar]3d
9
4s
2
.
Cu 2: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu
2+
l
A. [Ar]3d
7
. B. [Ar]3d
8
. C. [Ar]3d
9
. D. [Ar]3d
10
.
Cu 3: C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch KOH (d) vo 4 dung
dch trn th s cht kt ta thu c l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 4: Hai kim loi u phn ng vi dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
gii phng kim loi Cu l
A. Al v Fe. B. Fe v Au. C. Al v Ag. D. Fe v Ag.
A. Fe + Cu(NO
3
)
2
. B. Cu + AgNO
3
. C. Zn + Fe(NO
3
)
2
. D. Ag + Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
Cu 6: Dung dch FeSO
4
v dung dch CuSO
4
u tc dng c vi
A. Ag. B. Fe. C. Cu. D. Zn.
Cu 7: Kim loi Cu phn ng c vi dung dch
A. FeSO
4
. B. AgNO
3
. C. KNO
3
. D. HCl.
Cu 8: Hai kim loi c th iu ch bng phng php nhit luyn l
A. Ca v Fe. B. Mg v Zn. C. Na v Cu. D. Fe v Cu.
Cu 9: Cht khng kh c st oxit ( nhit cao) l
A. Cu. B. Al. C. CO. D. H
2
.
Cu 10: Dung dch mui no sau y tc dng c vi c Ni v Pb?
A. Pb(NO
3
)
2
. B. Cu(NO
3
)
2
. C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
. D. Ni(NO
3
)
2
.
Cu 11: loi b kim loi Cu ra khi hn hp bt gm Ag v Cu, ngi ta ngm hn hp kim loi trn vo
lng d dung dch
A. AgNO
3
. B. HNO
3
. C. Cu(NO
3
)
2
. D. Fe(NO
3
)
2
.
Cu 12: Tt c cc kim loi Fe, Zn, Cu, Ag u tc dng c vi dung dch
A. HCl. B. H
2
SO
4
long. C. HNO
3
long. D. KOH.
Cu 13: Mt kim loi phn ng vi dung dch CuSO4 to ra Cu. Kim loi l
A. Fe. B. Ag. C. Cu. D. Na.
Cu 14: ng (Cu) tc dng c vi dung dch
A. H2SO4 c, nng. B. H2SO4 long. C. FeSO4. D. HCl.
Cu 15: Kim loi M phn ng c vi: dung dch HCl, dung dch Cu(NO3)2, dung dch HNO3 (c, ngui). Kim
loi M l
A. Al. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Ag.
Cu 16: Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn ng l
A. cht xc tc. B. cht oxi ho. C. mi trng. D. cht kh.
Cu 17: Trng hp xy ra phn ng l
A. Cu + Pb(NO
3
)
2
(long) B. Cu + HCl (long)
C. Cu + HCl (long) + O
2
D. Cu + H
2
SO
4
(long)
Cu 18: Hp cht no sau y khng c tnh lng tnh?
A. ZnO. B. Zn(OH)
2
. C. ZnSO
4
. D. Zn(HCO
3
)
2
.
Cu 19: Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch mui sunfat ca mt kim loi c ho tr II thy sinh ra kt ta tan
trong dung dch NaOH d. Mui sunfat l mui no sau y?
A. MgSO
4
. B. CaSO
4
. C. MnSO
4
. D. ZnSO
4
.
Cu 20: Dy no sau y sp xp cc kim loi ng theo th t tnh kh tng dn?
A. Pb, Ni, Sn, Zn. B. Pb, Sn, Ni, Zn. C. Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb. D. Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn.
Cu 21: St ty l st c ph ln b mt bi kim loi no sau y?
A. Zn. B. Ni. C. Sn. D. Cr.
Cu 22: Cho 19,2 gam kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
long, d thu c 4,48 lt kh duy nht NO
(ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Mg. B. Cu. C. Fe. D. Zn.
Cu 23: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl.
C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2.
Cu 24: Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l
A. Al v Mg. B. Na v Fe. C. Cu v Ag. D. Mg v Zn.
Cu 25: Cho 7,68 gam Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
long thy c kh NO thot ra. Khi lng mui
nitrat sinh ra trong dung dch l
A. 21, 56 gam. B. 21,65 gam. C. 22,56 gam. D. 22,65 gam.
Cu 26: t 12,8 gam Cu trong khng kh. Ho tan cht rn thu c vo dung dch HNO
3
0,5M thy thot ra
448 ml kh NO duy nht (ktc). Th tch ti thiu dung dch HNO
3
cn dng ho tan cht rn l
A. 0,84 lt. B. 0,48 lt. C. 0,16 lt. D. 0,42 lt.
Bi 3 S LC V NIKEN KM CH THIT
Phn 1: l thuyt .
I/NIKEN(Ni) Ni 28,nhm VIIIB,chu k 4
a.L tnh:Ni l kl mu trng bc,rt cng.
b.Ha tnh Ni c tnh kh yu hn Fe,tc dng vi nhiu n cht v hp cht nhng khng tc dng
vi H
2
. VD: Ni + Cl
2
t
0
NiCl
2
2Ni + O
2
500
0
C 2NiO

c.ng dng: Ni c nhiu ng dng rt quang trng:chng g cho st,lm cht xc tc...
II/KM(Zn) Zn 30,nhm IIB,chu k 4
a.L tnh:Zn l KL c mu lam nhc.
- t
0
thng Zn kh gin 100-150
0
C do v dai 200
0
C gin.
-Zn v hp cht rn ca Zn khng c,ring ZnO
(h)
rt c.
b.Ha tnh Zn l KL hat ng,c tnh kh mnh hn Fe
-Zn tc dng vi O
2
,S...khi ung nng 2Zn + O
2
t
0
2ZnO
Zn + Cl
2
ZnCl
2

-Zn tc dnh vi axit,kim,mui : Zn + HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2
; Zn + FeCl
2
ZnCl
2
+ Fe
c.ng dng Zn dng Chng g cho st,to hp kim vi ng , Sx pin kh,
ZnO lm thuc gim au,cha bnh nga....
III/CH(Pb) Pb 82,nhmIVA,ck 6
a.L tnh: -Pb l Kl mu trng hi xanh,mn d dt mng. Pb v hp cht ca ch rt c
b.Ha tnh Tc dng vi O
2
: 2Pb + O
2

0
t
PbO; Tc dng vi S :Pb + S
0
t
PbS
c.ng dng Pb dng Ch to bn cc acquy,v dy cp. Ch to thit b bo v khi cc tia t
ngoi.
IV/THIC(Sn) Sn 50,nhm IVA,ck 5
a.L tnh: diu kin thng:Sn l KL trng bc,mm d dt mng. Sn tn ti 2 dng th hnh:Sn
trng v Sn xm Sn
Trng
Gim t
0
Sn
Xm

b.Ha tnh Sn tan chm trong HCl lang Sn + 2HCl SnCl
2
+ H
2

un nng,Sn tc dng vi O
2
:Sn + O
2
t
0
SnO
2

c.ng dng Sn dng chng g(st ty), l thit dng trong cc t in, Sn dng sx hp kim, SnO
2
lm
men(gm,s)
1/ Dy no sau y sp xp cc kim loi theo th t tnh kh tng dn?
A. Pb, Ni, Sn, Zn. B. Pb, Sn, Ni, Zn. C. Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb. D. Ni, Zn, Sn, Pb.
2/ St ty l st c ph ln b mt bi kim loi no sau y? A. Zn. B. Ni. C. Sn. D.
Cr.
4/ Hp cht no sau y khng c tnh lng tnh? A. ZnO. B. Zn(OH)
2
. C. ZnSO
4
. D.
Zn(HCO
3
)
2
.
5/ Cho dd NaOH vo dd mui sunfat ca mt kim loi c ha tr II thy sinh ra kt ta tan trong dd
NaOH d. Mui sunfat l mui no sau y? A.MgSO
4
. B. CaSO
4
. C. MnSO
4
. D.
ZnSO
4
.
SBT 1/ ln sch mt loi thy ngn c ln tp cht Zn, Sn & Pb cn khuy loi thy ngn ny trong
A. dung dch Zn(NO
3
)
2
. B. dung dch Sn(NO
3
)
2
. C. dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
. D. dung dch
Hg(NO
3
)
2
.
2/ Hai mu km c khi lng bng nhau. Cho mt mu tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl to ra 6,8 g
mui. Cho mu cn li tan hon ton trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
th khi lng mui c to ra l
A. 16,1 g. B. 8.05 g. C. 13,6 g. D. 7,42 g.
4/ Ngm mt bn km vo 0,2 lt dung dch AgNO
3
. Sau khi phn ng kt thc ly bn km ra, sy kh,
thy khi lng bn km tng 15,1 g. Nng mol ca dung dch AgNO
3
l
A. 0.5 M. B. 1.0 M. C. 0,75 M. D. 1,5 M.
5/ Kim loi no sau y khng phi l kim loi chuyn tip( nhm B).
A. Zn. B. Pb. C. Ni. D. Cu.
Phn 3. Bi tp ca Crom, ng, Niken, Km, Ch, Thit cho hs kh- gii
3/ Cho 20,4 g hn hp Mg, Zn, Ag vo cc ng 600ml dung dch HCl 1m (va ). Sau khi phn ng
kt thc, thm dn NaOH vo t kt ta ti a. Lc kt ta v nung nhit cao n khi lng
khng i c a gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a l A. 23,2. B. 25,2. C. 27,4. D. 28.1.
3/ Cho 32 gam hn hp gm MgO, Fe
2
O
3
, CuO td vi 300 ml dd H
2
SO
4
2M. khi lng mui thu c
l
6/ Ha tan hon ton 19,2 g Cu vo dung dch HNO
3
long. Kh NO thu c em oxi ha thnh NO
2
ri
sc vo nc cng vi dng kh oxi chuyn ht thnh HNO
3
. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia vo
qu trnh trn l A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
4/ Cho V lt kh H
2
(ktc) i qua bt CuO d, un nng, thu c 32 g Cu. Nu cho V lt H
2
(ktc) i qua
bt FeO d, un nng, th khi lng Fe thu c l bao nhiu? Gi s H cc phn ng l 100%
5/ Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol Ag
2
O & 0,2 mol Cu td ht vi dung dch HNO
3
long d. C cn dung dch
thu c sau phn ng c hn hp mui khan A. Nung A n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn
B c khi lng l A. 26,8 g. B. 13,4 g. C. 37,6 g. D. 34,4 g.
3/ Ha tan 58,4 g hn hp mui khan AlCl
3
v CrCl
3
vo nc, thm d dd NaOH sau tip tc cho
thm nc, ri li thm d dd BaCl
2
thu c 50,6 g kt ta. % v khi lng ca hn hp mui ban u
l
A. 45,7 % AlCl
3
& 54,3% CrCl
3
B. 46,7 % AlCl
3
& 53,3% CrCl
3

C. 47,7 % AlCl
3
& 52,3% CrCl
3
D. 48,7 % AlCl
3
& 51,3% CrCl
3

PHN BIT MT S CHT V C
Phn 1- l thuyt .
I- Nhn bit cation:
Cation Dung dch thuc th Hin tng Gii thch
NH
4
+
Kim NH
3
| OH
-
+ NH
4
+
NH
3
+H
2
O
Ba
2+
Dung dch H
2
SO
4
l BaSO
4
+ trng Ba
2+
+SO
4
2-
BaSO
4

Al
3+
Kim d
NH
3
d
Al(OH)
3
+ keo tan
Al(OH)
3
+ keo khng tan
3OH
-
+ Al
3+
Al(OH)
3

Al(OH)
3
+OH
-
AlO
2
-
+ 2 H
2
O
3NH
3
+3H
2
O+Al
3+
Al(OH)
3
+NH
4
+

Fe
2+
Kim hoc NH
3
d
Fe(OH)
2
+ hi xanh sau
chuyn thnh nu
Fe
2+
+ 2OH
-
Fe(OH)
2
+
4Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O 4Fe(OH)
3

+

Fe
3+
Kim hoc NH
3
d Fe(OH)
3
+ nu
Fe
3+
+ 3OH
-
Fe(OH)
3
+
3NH
3
+3H
2
O+Fe
3+
Fe(OH)
3
+

+3NH
4
+

Cu
2+

NH
3
d

Kim
+ xanh tan thnh dd xanh
m

+ xanh
2NH
3
+2H
2
O+Cu
2+
Cu(OH)
2
++2NH
4
+

Cu
2+
+ 2OH
-
Cu(OH)
2
+
Mg
2+
Kim hoc NH
3

d
Mg(OH)
2
+ trng Mg
2+
+ 2OH
-
Mg(OH)
2
+
II- Nhn bit anion:
Anion Dung dch thuc th Hin tng Gii thch
CO
3
2-
dd HCl hoc H
2
SO
4
long
Bt kh khng mu,
khng mi.
CO
3
2-
+ 2H
+
CO
2
| + H
2
O
SO
4
2-

BaCl
2
trong mtr axit long
d
BaSO
4
+ trng Ba
2+
+SO
4
2-
BaSO
4

Cl
-
AgNO
3
trong mtr HNO
3

long
AgCl + trng Ag
+
+ Cl
-
AgCl +
NO
3
-
Cu(bt) +H
2
SO
4
long

Dung dch xanh, kh
khng mu ha nu
trong khng kh
3Cu+2NO
3
-
+8H
+

3Cu
2+
+2NO+4H
2
O
2NO+O
2
2NO
2
(nu)
III- Nhn bit cht kh
Kh Mi Dung dch thuc th Hin tng - Gii thch
SO
2

Hc, gy ngt Dung dch brom d
SO
2
+ Br
2
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+
2HBr
CO
2
Ca(OH)
2
d hoc Ba(OH)
2
d
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ +
H
2
O
CO
2
+ Ba(OH)
2
BaCO
3
+ +
H
2
O
NH
3
khai Qu tm Chuyn mu xanh
H
2
S Trng thi
Cu
2+
hoc Pb
2+

H
2
S + Cu
2+
CuS+ mu en +
2H
+

H
2
S + Pb
2+
PbS+ mu en +
2H
+


Cu 1: Ch dng dung dch KOH phn bit c cc cht ring bit trong nhm no sau y?
A. Zn, Al
2
O
3
, Al. B. Mg, K, Na. C. Mg, Al
2
O
3
, Al. D. Fe, Al
2
O
3
, Mg.
Cu 2: phn bit CO
2
v SO
2
ch cn dng thuc th l
A. dung dch Ba(OH)
2
. B. CaO. C. dung dch NaOH. D. nc brom.
Cu 3: C 5 dung dch ring r, mi dung dch cha mt cation sau y: NH
4
+
, Mg
2+
, Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
, Al
3+
(nng
khong 0,1M). Dng dung dch NaOH cho ln lt vo tng dung dch trn, c th nhn bit ti a c my
dung dch?
A. 2 dung dch. B. 3 dung dch. C. 1 dung dch. D. 5 dung dch.
Cu 4: phn bit dung dch Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3

v dung dch FeCl
2

ngi ta dng lng d dung dch
A. K
2
SO
4
. B. KNO
3
. C. NaNO
3
. D. NaOH.
Cu 5: C 4 mu kim loi l Na, Ca, Al, Fe. Ch dng thm nc lm thuc th c th nhn bit c ti a
Cu 6: nhn bit ion NO
3
-
ngi ta thng dng Cu v dung dch H
2
SO
4
long v un nng, bi v:
A. to ra kh c mu nu. B. to ra dung dch c mu vng.
C. to ra kt ta c mu vng. D. to ra kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh.
Cu 7: Sc mt kh vo nc brom, thy nc brom b nht mu. Kh l
A. CO
2
. B. CO. C. HCl. D. SO
2
.
Cu 8: Hn hp kh no sau ay tn ti bt k iu kin no?
A. H
2
v Cl
2
. B. N
2
v O
2
. C. HCl v CO
2
. D. H
2
v O
2
.
1/ C 5 dd ring l, mi dd cha 1 cation: NH
4
+
,Mg
2+
, Fe
3+
, Al
3+,
Na
+
, nng khong 0,1M. Bng cch
dng dd NaOH cho ln lt vo tng dd, c th nhn bit c ti a
A. dd cha ion NH
4
+
. B. hai dd cha ion NH
4
+
v Al
3+
.
C. ba dd cha ion NH
4
+
, Fe
3+
v Al
3+
. D. nm dd cha ion NH
4
+
,Mg
2+
, Fe
3+
, Al
3+,
Na
+
.
2/ C 5 dd ha cht khng nhn, mi dd nng khong 0,1M ca mt trong cc mui sau; KCl,
Ba(OH)
2
, K
2
CO
3
, K
2
S, K
2
SO
4
.Ch dng dd H
2
SO
4
long, nh trc tip vo tng dd, th c th nhn bit
c ti a nhng dd no? A. K
2
CO
3
. B. Ba dd: Ba(OH)
2
, K
2
CO
3
, K
2
S.
C. Hai dd: Ba(OH)
2
, K
2
S. D. Hai dd: Ba(OH)
2
, K
2
SO
4
.
1/ C cc l ha cht khng nhn, Mi l ng mt trong cc dd ha cht khng mu sau: Na
2
SO
4
, Na
2
S,
Na
2
CO
3
, Na
3
PO
4
, Na
2
SO
3
. Ch dng thuc th l dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, nh trc tip vo tng dung
dch th c th nhn c cc dung dch
A. Na
2
S, Na
2
CO
3
, Na
2
SO
3
. B. Na
2
S, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. Na
2
S, Na
2
CO
3
, Na
3
PO
4
. D. Na
2
SO
4
, Na
2
S, Na
2
CO
3
, Na
3
PO
4
, Na
2
SO
3
.
1/C 5 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng ng mt trong cc dd sau (nng khong 0,1M): NH
4
Cl,
FeCl
2
, AlCl
3
, MgCl
2
, CuCl
2
. Ch dng dd NaOH nh t t vo tng dd, c th nhn bit c ti a cc
dd no sau y? A. Hai dd: NH
4
Cl, CuCl
2
. B. Ba dd: NH
4
Cl, MgCl
2
,CuCl
2
.
C. Bn dd: NH
4
Cl, MgCl
2
, AlCl
3
,CuCl
2
. D. C 5 dd.
2/ C 4 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng ng mt trong cc dd sau( nng khong 0,01M) : NaCl,
Na
2
CO
3
, KHSO
4
, CH
3
NH
2
. Ch dng giy qu tm ln lt nhng vo tng dd, quan st s i mu ca
n c th nhn bit c dy cc dd no sau y?
A. Hai dung dch KHSO
4
& CH
3
NH
2
. B.Hai dung dch NaCl& KHSO
4
.
C. Dung dch NaCl. D. Ba dung dch NaCl, KHSO
4
&Na
2
CO
3
.
SBT 1/ C cc dung dch khng mu ng trong cc l ring bit, khng dn nhn: ZuSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
,
Al(NO
3
)
3
. phn bit cc dung dch trn c th dng A. qu tm. B. dung dch NaOH.
C. dung dch Ba(OH)
2
. D. dung dch BaCl
2
.
2/ phn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l ring bit, khng dn nhn: MgCl
2
, AlCl
3
, ZnCl
2
, KCl,
FeCl
2
bng pphh, c th dng A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch NH
3
.
C. dung dch Na
2
CO
3
. D. qu tm.
3/ phn bit 2 dung dch Na
2
CO
3
v Na
2
SO
3
c th ch cn dng
A. dung dch NaOH. B. nc brom. C. dung dch Ca(OH)
2
. D. dung dch
H
2
SO
4
.
1/ C th nhn bit cc kh CO
2
, SO
2
v O
2
ng trong cc bnh ring bit nu ch dng
A. nc brom v tn m chy d. B. nc brom v dung dch Ba(OH)
2
.
C. nc vi trong v nc brom. D. tn m chy d v nc vi trong.
2/ phn bit cc kh CO, CO
2
, O
2
, SO
2
c th dng
A. tn m chy d v nc vi trong v nc brom.
B. tn m chy d v nc vi trong v dung dch K
2
CO
3

C. dung dch Na
2
CO
3
v nc brom.
D. tn m chy d v nc brom.
3/ Phng th nghim b nhim bi kh Clo. Dng cht no sau y c th kh c clo mt cch an
ton?
A. Dung dch NaOH long. B. Dng kh NH
3
hoc dung dch NH
3
.
C. Dng kh H
2
S. D. Dng kh CO
2
.
1/ phn bit cc dung dch : ZnCl
2
, MgCl
2
, CaCl
2
, AlCl
3
ng trong cc l ring bit c th dng
A. dung dch NaOH & dung dch NH
3
. B. qu tm.
C. dung dch NaOH & dung dch Na
2
CO
3
. D. natri kim loi.
2/ phn bit cc dung dch : Na
2
CO
3
, NaHCO
3
, Na
2
SO
3
, NaHSO
3
ng trong cc l ring bit c th
dng
A. Axit HCl & nc brom. B. nc vi trong v nc brom.
C. dung dch CaCl
2
v nc brom. D. nc vi trong v Axit HCl.
3/ C th dng cht no sau y phn bit cc dung dch : BaCl
2,
Na
2
SO
4
, MgSO
4
, ZnCl, KNO
3
,
KHCO
3

A. Kim loi natri. B. Dung dch HCl. C. Kh CO
2
. D. Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
.
4/ phn bit cc dung dch long: HCl, HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c th dng thuc th no sau y ?
A. Dung dch Ba(OH)
2
& bt ng kim loi . B. Kim loi st v ng.
C. Dung dch Ca(OH)
2
. D. Kim loi nhm v st.

I - Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn vt liu cho tng lai:
Ha hc kt hp vi cc ngnh KH ngin cu v khai thc cc vt liu mi c trng lng nh, bn
cao v c cng nng c bit: vt liu compozic; vt liu hn hp cht v c v hu c; vt liu hn hp
nano.
II - Ha hc v vn lng thc thc phm
- Ha hc gp phn lm tng s lng v cht lng lng, thc thc phm.
Nghin cu v sn xut cc cht ha hc c tc dng bo v v pht trin thc vt, ng vt .Th d :
phn bn ha hc, thuc tr su,dit c, kch thch sinh trung Nghin cu ra cc cht mu, cht ph
gia thc phm, hng liu gip ch bin c thc thc phm thm ngon, hnh thc p nhng vn m
bo v sinh an ton thc phm.
- Bng phng php ha hc, tng cng ch bin thc phm nhn to hoc ch bin thc phm theo
cng ngh ha hc t ra sn phm c cht lng cao hn ph hp vi nhng nhu cu khc nhau ca con
ngi.
III- Ha hc v vn may mc
Cc loi t si ha hc c sn xut bng phng php cng nghip nn dn p ng uc nhu cu
v s lng, cht lng v m thut
IV- Ha hc v vn sc khe con ngi
1.Dc phm
- Nhiu loi bnh khng th ch dng cc loi cy c t nhin trc tip cha tr.
- Ngnh ha hc gp phn to ra nhng loi thuc tn dc c nhiu u th: s dung n gin, bnh
khi nhanh, c hiu qu c bit i vi mt s bnh do virut v mt s bnh him ngho
2.Cht gy nghin, cht ma ty, phng chng ma ty
Ha hc gp phn lm r thnh phn ha hc, tc dng tm, sinh l ca mt s cht gy nghin, ma
ty. Trn cow s gip to ra cc bin php phng chng s dng cht ma ty, cht gy nghin.
V - Ho hc v vn nhim mi trng v phng chng nhim mi trng:
1. nhim khng kh nh: Gy hiu ng nh knh. nh hng khng tt n sc kho con ngi. nh
hng n s sinh trng v pht trin ca ng - thc vt.To ma axit
2. nhim mi trng nc: Tc nhn ho hc gy nhim mi trng nc bao gm cc ion ca kim
loi nng, cc anion NO
3
, PO
3
4
, SO
2
4
, thuc bo v thc vt v phn bn ho hc.
3. nhim t: nhim t do kim loi nng l ngun nhim nguy him i vi h sinh thi t.
* Nhn bit mi trng b nhim: Quan st. Xc nh bng cc thuc th, xc nh PH. Xc nh
bng cc dng c o.
Mt s phng php x l cht thi gy nhim mi trng
+ Phng php hp th.
+ Phng php hp th trong than bn, phn rc, t xp, than hot tnh.
+ Phng php oxi ho - kh.
1/ Nhin liu c coi l sch, t gy nhin mi trng hn c l
A. ci, g, than cc. B. than , xng, du.
C. xng, du. D. kh thin nhin.
2/ Theo tnh ton, nm 2000 c nc ta tiu th lng nhin liu tng ng 1,5 triu tn du v thi
vo mi trng 113700 tn kh CO
2
. Trong 1 ngy lng nhin liu tiu th tng ng vi khi lng
du v lng CO
2
thi vo mi trng l
A. 0,003 triu tn du, 200 tn CO
2
. B. 0,004 triu tn du, 311 tn CO
2
.
C. 0,005 triu tn du, 415 tn CO
2
. D. 0,012 triu tn du, 532 tn CO
2
.
3/ Trong danh mc v sinh i vi lng thc thc phm. B y t qui nh c 5 cht ngt nhn to c
dng trong ch bin lng thc,
thc phm, nhng c qui nh liu lng s dng an ton. Th d cht Acesunfam k, liu
lng c th chp nhn c l t 0-15 mg/kg trng lng c th mt ngy. Nh vy, mt ngi
nng 60 kg, trong mt ngy c th dng lng ny ti a l A. 12mg. B. 1500 mg. C. 10
mg. D. 900 mg.
1/ Cc tc nhn ha hc gy nhim mi trng nc gm
A. cc kim loi nng: Hg, Pb, Sb. B. cc anion: NO
3
-
, PO
4
3-
, SO
4
2-
.
C. thuc bo v thc vt, phn bn ha hc. D. c A, B, C.
2/ Khi nghin cu mu t ca mt lng ngh ti ch ch, ngi ta xc nh hm lng ch trong bn,
trong t nh sau:
Th t Mu nghin cu Hm lng Pb
2+
(ppm)
1 Mu bn cha nc thi c quy. 2166,0
2 Mu t ni nu ch. 387,6
3 Mu t gia cnh ng. 125,4
4 Mu t gn ni nu ch. 2911,4
Hm lng ch ln hn 100ppm l t b nhim. Trong s cc mu t nghin cu trn, mu b
nhim ch l A. mu 1, 4. B. mu 1, 2. C. mu 2, 3. D. c 4 mu.
3/ Mt loi than c cha 2% lu hunh dng cho mt nh my nhit in. Nu nh my t ht 100
tn than trong mt ngy m th khi lng kh SO
2
do nh my x vo kh quyn trong mt nm l
A. 1420 tn. B. 1250 tn. C. 1530 tn. D. 1460 tn.
SBT 1/Trong s ngun nng lng sau y, nhm cc ngun nng lng no c coi l nng lng
sch ?
A. in ht nhn, nng lng thy triu. B. Nng lng gi, nng lng thy triu. C. Nng
lng nhit in, nng lng a nhit. D. Nng lng mt tri, nng lnght nhn.
2/ Vit Nam c m qung rt ln Thi Nguyn nn xy dng khu lin hp gang thp ti y. Khu
sn xut c xy dng gn khu vc khai thc m l do
A. tin vn chuyn nguyn liu lm cho chi ph sn xut thp.
B. khng th bo qun qung st lu di sau khi khai thc.
C. ch c th xy dng nh my sn xut thp Thi Nguyn.
D. c th bo qung qung st khi vn chuyn, nhng iu kin kh hu ni khc khng m bo.
3/ Trong s cc vt liu sau, vt liu no c ngun gc hu c?
A. Gm, s. B. Xi nng. C. Cht do. D. t st nn.
1/ Ngi ht thuc l nhiu thng mc cc bnh nguy him v ng h hp. Cht gy hi ch yu c
trong thuc l l A. becberin. B. nicotin. C. axit nicotinic. D. mocphin.
2/ Kh biogas sn xut t cht thi chn nui c s dng lm ngun nhin liu trong sinh hot nng
thn. Tc dng ca vic s dng kh biogas l
A. pht trin chn nui. B. t ly nhit v gim thiu mi trng.
C. gii quyt cng n vic lm khu vc nng thn. D. gim gi thnh sn xut du, kh.

1/Hin tng tri t nng ln do hiu ng nh knh ch yu do cht no sau y ?
A. Kh clo. B. Kh cacbonic. C. kh cacbon oxit. D. Kh hidro clorua.
2/ Ma axit ch yu l do nhng cht sinh ra trong qu trnh sn xut cng nghip nhng khng c x
l trit . l nhng cht no sau y? A. SO
2
, NO
2
. C. H
2
S, Cl
2
. B.CO
2
, SO
2
.
D. NH
3
, HCl.
3/ Nhm no sau y gm cc ion gy nhim ngun nc?
A. NO
3
-
, NO
2
-
, Pb
2+
, Na
+
, Cl
-
. B. NO
3
-
, NO
2
-
, Pb
2+
, Na
+
, Cd
2+
, Hg
2+
.
C. NO
3
-
, NO
2
-
, Pb
2+
, As
3+
, D. NO
3
-
, NO
2
-
, Pb
2+
, Na
+
, HCO
3
-
.
4/ Nguyn nhn ca s suy gim tng ozon ch yu l do
A. kh CO
2
. B. ma axit. C. clo v cc hp cht ca clo. D. qu trnh sn xut gang thp

HA HC V VN MI TRNG
I - Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn vt liu cho tng lai:
Ha hc kt hp vi cc ngnh KH ngin cu v khai thc cc vt liu mi c trng lng nh, bn
cao v c cng nng c bit: vt liu compozic; vt liu hn hp cht v c v hu c; vt liu hn hp
nano.
II - Ha hc v vn lng thc thc phm
- Ha hc gp phn lm tng s lng v cht lng lng, thc thc phm.
Nghin cu v sn xut cc cht ha hc c tc dng bo v v pht trin thc vt, ng vt .Th d :
phn bn ha hc, thuc tr su,dit c, kch thch sinh trung Nghin cu ra cc cht mu, cht ph
gia thc phm, hng liu gip ch bin c thc thc phm thm ngon, hnh thc p nhng vn m
bo v sinh an ton thc phm.
- Bng phng php ha hc, tng cng ch bin thc phm nhn to hoc ch bin thc phm theo
cng ngh ha hc t ra sn phm c cht lng cao hn ph hp vi nhng nhu cu khc nhau ca con
ngi.
III- Ha hc v vn may mc
Cc loi t si ha hc c sn xut bng phng php cng nghip nn dn p ng uc nhu cu
v s lng, cht lng v m thut
IV- Ha hc v vn sc khe con ngi
1.Dc phm
- Nhiu loi bnh khng th ch dng cc loi cy c t nhin trc tip cha tr.
- Ngnh ha hc gp phn to ra nhng loi thuc tn dc c nhiu u th: s dung n gin, bnh
khi nhanh, c hiu qu c bit i vi mt s bnh do virut v mt s bnh him ngho
2.Cht gy nghin, cht ma ty, phng chng ma ty
Ha hc gp phn lm r thnh phn ha hc, tc dng tm, sinh l ca mt s cht gy nghin, ma
ty. Trn cow s gip to ra cc bin php phng chng s dng cht ma ty, cht gy nghin.
V - Ho hc v vn nhim mi trng v phng chng nhim mi trng:
1. nhim khng kh nh: Gy hiu ng nh knh. nh hng khng tt n sc kho con ngi. nh
hng n s sinh trng v pht trin ca ng - thc vt.To ma axit
2. nhim mi trng nc: Tc nhn ho hc gy nhim mi trng nc bao gm cc ion ca kim
loi nng, cc anion NO
3
, PO
3
4
, SO
2
4
, thuc bo v thc vt v phn bn ho hc.
3. nhim t: nhim t do kim loi nng l ngun nhim nguy him i vi h sinh thi t.
* Nhn bit mi trng b nhim: Quan st. Xc nh bng cc thuc th, xc nh PH. Xc nh
bng cc dng c o.
Mt s phng php x l cht thi gy nhim mi trng
+ Phng php hp th.
+ Phng php hp th trong than bn, phn rc, t xp, than hot tnh.
+ Phng php oxi ho - kh.
1/ Nhin liu c coi l sch, t gy nhin mi trng hn c l
A. ci, g, than cc. B. than , xng, du.
C. xng, du. D. kh thin nhin.
2/ Theo tnh ton, nm 2000 c nc ta tiu th lng nhin liu tng ng 1,5 triu tn du v thi
vo mi trng 113700 tn kh CO
2
. Trong 1 ngy lng nhin liu tiu th tng ng vi khi lng
du v lng CO
2
thi vo mi trng l
A. 0,003 triu tn du, 200 tn CO
2
. B. 0,004 triu tn du, 311 tn CO
2
.
C. 0,005 triu tn du, 415 tn CO
2
. D. 0,012 triu tn du, 532 tn CO
2
.
3/ Trong danh mc v sinh i vi lng thc thc phm. B y t qui nh c 5 cht ngt nhn to c
dng trong ch bin lng thc,
thc phm, nhng c qui nh liu lng s dng an ton. Th d cht Acesunfam k, liu
lng c th chp nhn c l t 0-15 mg/kg trng lng c th mt ngy. Nh vy, mt ngi
nng 60 kg, trong mt ngy c th dng lng ny ti a l A. 12mg. B. 1500 mg. C. 10
mg. D. 900 mg.
1/ Cc tc nhn ha hc gy nhim mi trng nc gm
A. cc kim loi nng: Hg, Pb, Sb. B. cc anion: NO
3
-
, PO
4
3-
, SO
4
2-
.
C. thuc bo v thc vt, phn bn ha hc. D. c A, B, C.
2/ Khi nghin cu mu t ca mt lng ngh ti ch ch, ngi ta xc nh hm lng ch trong bn,
trong t nh sau:
Th t Mu nghin cu Hm lng Pb
2+
(ppm)
1 Mu bn cha nc thi c quy. 2166,0
2 Mu t ni nu ch. 387,6
3 Mu t gia cnh ng. 125,4
4 Mu t gn ni nu ch. 2911,4
Hm lng ch ln hn 100ppm l t b nhim. Trong s cc mu t nghin cu trn, mu b
nhim ch l A. mu 1, 4. B. mu 1, 2. C. mu 2, 3. D. c 4 mu.
3/ Mt loi than c cha 2% lu hunh dng cho mt nh my nhit in. Nu nh my t ht 100
tn than trong mt ngy m th khi lng kh SO
2
do nh my x vo kh quyn trong mt nm l
A. 1420 tn. B. 1250 tn. C. 1530 tn. D. 1460 tn.
SBT 1/Trong s ngun nng lng sau y, nhm cc ngun nng lng no c coi l nng lng
sch ?
A. in ht nhn, nng lng thy triu. B. Nng lng gi, nng lng thy triu. C. Nng
lng nhit in, nng lng a nhit. D. Nng lng mt tri, nng lnght nhn.
2/ Vit Nam c m qung rt ln Thi Nguyn nn xy dng khu lin hp gang thp ti y. Khu
sn xut c xy dng gn khu vc khai thc m l do
A. tin vn chuyn nguyn liu lm cho chi ph sn xut thp.
B. khng th bo qun qung st lu di sau khi khai thc.
C. ch c th xy dng nh my sn xut thp Thi Nguyn.
D. c th bo qung qung st khi vn chuyn, nhng iu kin kh hu ni khc khng m bo.
3/ Trong s cc vt liu sau, vt liu no c ngun gc hu c?
A. Gm, s. B. Xi nng. C. Cht do. D. t st nn.
1/ Ngi ht thuc l nhiu thng mc cc bnh nguy him v ng h hp. Cht gy hi ch yu c
trong thuc l l A. becberin. B. nicotin. C. axit nicotinic. D. mocphin.
2/ Kh biogas sn xut t cht thi chn nui c s dng lm ngun nhin liu trong sinh hot nng
thn. Tc dng ca vic s dng kh biogas l
A. pht trin chn nui. B. t ly nhit v gim thiu mi trng.
C. gii quyt cng n vic lm khu vc nng thn. D. gim gi thnh sn xut du, kh.

1/Hin tng tri t nng ln do hiu ng nh knh ch yu do cht no sau y ?
A. Kh clo. B. Kh cacbonic. C. kh cacbon oxit. D. Kh hidro clorua.
2/ Ma axit ch yu l do nhng cht sinh ra trong qu trnh sn xut cng nghip nhng khng c x
l trit . l nhng cht no sau y? A. SO
2
, NO
2
. C. H
2
S, Cl
2
. B.CO
2
, SO
2
.
D. NH
3
, HCl.
3/ Nhm no sau y gm cc ion gy nhim ngun nc?
A. NO
3
-
, NO
2
-
, Pb
2+
, Na
+
, Cl
-
. B. NO
3
-
, NO
2
-
, Pb
2+
, Na
+
, Cd
2+
, Hg
2+
.
C. NO
3
-
, NO
2
-
, Pb
2+
, As
3+
, D. NO
3
-
, NO
2
-
, Pb
2+
, Na
+
, HCO
3
-
.
4/ Nguyn nhn ca s suy gim tng ozon ch yu l do
A. kh CO
2
. B. ma axit. C. clo v cc hp cht ca clo. D. qu trnh sn xut gang thp

Cu 1: Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c dng rc ln thu ngn
ri gom li l
A. vi sng. B. ct. C. lu hunh. D. mui n.
Cu 2: Hin tng tri t nng ln do hiu ng nh knh ch yu l do cht no sau y?
A. Kh cacbonic. B. Kh clo. C. Kh hidroclorua. D. Kh cacbon oxit.
Cu 3: T l s ngi cht v bnh phi do ht thuc l gp hng chc ln s ngi khng ht thuc l. Cht gy
nghin v gy ung th c trong thuc l l
A. nicotin. B. aspirin. C. cafein. D. moocphin.
Cu 4: Tc nhn ch yu gy ma axit l
A. CO v CH4. B. CH4 v NH3. C. SO2 v NO2. D. CO v CO2.
Cu 5: Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bn bi kh clo. kh c, c th xt vo khng kh dung
dch no sau y?
A. Dung dch HCl. B. Dung dch NH
3
. C. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
. D. Dung dch NaCl.
Cu 6: Dn khng kh b nhim i qua giy lc tm dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
thy dung dch xut hin mu en.
Khng kh b nhim bn kh no sau y?
A. Cl
2
. B. H2S. C. SO2. D. NO2.
Cu 7: Trong kh thi cng nghip thng cha cc kh: SO
2
, NO
2
, HF. C th dng cht no (r tin) sau y
loi cc kh ? A. NaOH. B. Ca(OH)
2
. C. HCl. D. NH
3
.

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LUYN THI I HC 2012 Page 1 of 40

+ tn gc axit RCOO (ui at)

b oxi ho. B. ion Br

Cl (st III clorua)

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