Li m u Trong qu trnh i mi xy dng t nc theo con ng cng nghip ho, hin i ho, cc d n u t xy dng l mt phn quan trng ca s pht

trin kinh t. V vy, trong giai on hin nay chng ta c th khng nh c rng: Mi hot ng sn xut xy lp c tm quan trng to ln trong qu trnh xy dng v hon thin h thng hot ng sn xut xy lp, nhm nng cao hiu qu cc cng trnh d n u t. vic xy dng p ng tt nht nhng i hi v cht lng, k thut, tin thc hin, tit kim chi ph v hn ch ti mc thp nht nhng tranh chp c th gy thit hi v vt cht hoc hi n uy tn ca cc bn hu quan, vic s dng phng php u thu ngy cng t ra c yu cu k thut phc tp, d n ca cc cng ty c nhiu ch s hu, cc d n thuc khu vc Nh nc , d n c s ti tr ca cc nh ch ti chnh quc t. Chnh v vy, vic nghin cu, hc tp, nm bt c nhng kin thc v hot ng u thu ngy cng tr nn cn thit i vi cn b, sinh vin ang cng tc, hc tp trong lnh vc lin quan. Vi mong mun c nhng hiu bit r hn v th thc hot ng u thu, tm hiu thc t trn c s nhng kin thc hc trong nh trng, qua thi gian thc hin Cng ty xy lp vt t k thut, ti i su nghin cu v chn ti: Mt s gii php nhm nng cao kh nng thng thu xy dng Cng ty xy lp vt t k thut - H ni Trong ni dung ti ny, ti nghin cu 3 chng: Chng 1: C s l lun v u thu v u thu xy lp Chng 2: Thc trng v mt s cng tc u thu Cng ty xy lp vt t k thut Chng 3: Mt s gii php nhm nng cao kh nng thng thu Cng ty xy lp vt t k thut

Chng I C s l lun v u thu v u thu xy lp

I. Mt s vn v u thu 1. khi nim, mc tiu v cc loi hnh u thu ti vit nam Phng thc u thu hin nay c p dng rng ri trong cc nc c nn kinh t pht trin, nc ta hnh thc ny cng ang c p dng nhng bc khi u. Trc khi c quy ch u thu ban hnh km theo ngh nh s 43/CP ngy 16-07-1996 ca Chnh ph c th k n mt s quy nh v u thu nh sau: - Quyt nh s 91 TTG ngy 13-11-1992 ca Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh v qui nh v qun l xut nhp khu my mc thit b. - Quyt nh s 60 BXD VKT ngy 30-03-1994 ca B xy dng ban hnh v Quy ch u thu ca B Nng Nghip v Pht trin nng thn, cng nghip, Giao thng vn ti v cc tnh, thnh ph ln nh H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh. Sau ny l quy ch u thu ban hnh km theo ngh nh 43/CP ngy 16-071996 ca Chnh ph ( c sa i theo ngh nh s 93/CP ca Chnh ph ngy 23-07-1997) v hin nay l quy ch u thu ban hnh km theo ngh nh s 88/1999/N-CP ngy 01-09-1999 ca Chnh ph. Theo quy nh mi nht, u thu c hiu l qu trnh la chn nh thu p ng c cc yu cu ca cc bn mi thu. Trong , nh thu l t chc kinh t c t cch php nhn tham gia u thu. Bn mi thu l ch d n, ch u thu hoc php nhn i din, hp php ca ch d n, ch u t c giao trch nhim, thc hin vic u thu. Trng hp u thu tuyn chn t vn nh thu c th l c nhn.

Theo tnh cht cng vic, u thu c th p dng cho cng vic sau: u thu tuyn chn t vn. u thu xy lp

u thu mua sm hng ha. u thu la chn i tc thc hin d n.

Khi nh thu l nh xy dng trong u thu xy lp, l nh cung cp trong u thu mua sm hng ha, l nh t vn u trong u thu la chn i tc u t. Quy ch u thu p dng cho cc cuc u thu c t chc v thc hin Vit nam. Mc tiu ca u thu l nhm thc hin tnh cnh tranh, cng bng v minh bch trong qu trnh u thu la chn nh thu ph hp, bo m hiu qu kinh t ca d n. Nh nc khuyn khch u thu i vi tt c cc d n u t v xy dng ca cc cng trnh sn xut kinh doanh hoc vn ha x hi, khng phn bit ngun vn nhng bt buc phi t chc u thu theo quy ch u thu trong nhng trng hp sau : - Cc d n c ch u t l cc doanh nghip Nh nc hoc c quan t chc ca Nh nc c s dng vn Ngn sch Nh nc. Vn tn dng do Nh nc bo lnh, vn tn dng u t v pht trin ca Nh nc, vn u t pht trin ca doanh nghip Nh nc. - Cc d n lin doanh, hp ng hp tc kinh doanh hoc c phn c s tham gia ca cc t chc kinh t Nh nc (cc doanh nghip Nh nc) t 30% tr ln vo vn php nh, vn kinh doanh hoc vn c phn. - Cc d n cn la chn i tc u t thc hin. - u thu mua sm dng, vt t, trang thit b, phng tin lm vic ca cc c quan Nh nc, on th DN Nh nc, dng v phng tin lm vic thng thng ca lc lng v trang.

- Ring cc d n s dung vn ti tr ca cc t chc quc t hoc ca cc t chc nc ngoi thc hin trn c s ni dung iu c c cc bn ti tr v bn

Vit Nam k kt. Trng hp c nhng ni dung trong d tho iu c khc vi quy ch u thu th c quan c giao trch nhim m phn k kt, quyt nh trc khi k kt. 2. Cc hnh thc la chn nh thu Ch u t c th la chn nh thu theo cc hnh thc sau : 2.1 u thu rng ri Theo hnh thc ny,vic gi thu c ph bin rng ri thng qua cc phng tin truyn thng v khng hn ch s lng nh thu tham gia. Bn mi thu phi thng bo cng khai v cc iu kin, thi gian rng ri ti thiu l 10 ngy trc khi pht hnh h s mi thu. u thu rng ri l hnh thc ch yu c p dng trong u thu. 2.2 u thu hn ch u thu hn ch l hnh thc u thu m bn mi thu mi mt s nh thu (ti thiu l 5 nh thu) c nng lc tham gia. Danh sch nh thu tham d phi c ngi ( hoc cp) c thm quyn chp thun. Hnh thc ny ch c xem xt p dng khi c mt trong cc iu kin sau: + Ch c mt s nh thu c kh nng p ng c yu cu ca cc gi thu. + Cc ngun vn s dng yu cu phi tin hnh u thu hn ch. + Do tnh hnh c th ca gi thu m vic p dng u thu hn ch c li th. 2.3 Ch nh thu Ch nh thu l hnh thc la chn trc tip nh thu p ng yu cu ca gi thu thng tho hp ng. Hnh thc ny ch p dng c trong cc hnh thc c bit sau : * Trng hp bt kh khng do thin tai, ch ha c php ch nh ngay n v c nng lc thc hin cng tc kp thi. * Gi thu c tnh cht nghin cu th nghim, b mt quc gia, b mt an ninh, b mt quc phng do Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh. * Gi thu c bit do Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh trn c s bo co thm nh ca B k hoch v u t, kin bng vn bn ca c quan ti tr vn v cc c quan lin quan.

2.4 Cho hng cnh tranh Hnh thc ny c p dng cho nhng gi hng mua sm hng ha c gi tr di 2 t ng. Mi gi thu phi c t nht 3 cho hng ca 3 nh thu khc nhau trn yu cu cho hng bn mi thu. Vic gi cho hng c th c thc hin bng cch gi trc tip, bng Fax, bng ng bu in hoc bng cc phng tin khc. 2.5 Mua sm trc tip

Hnh thc mua sm trc tip c p dng trong trng hp b sung hp ng c c thc hin xong (di 1 nm) hoc hp ng ang thc hin vi iu kin ch u t c nhu cu tng thm s lng hng ha hoc khi lng cng vic m trc c tin hnh u thu, nhng phi m bo khng c vt mc gi hoc n gi trong hp ng k trc . Trc khi k hp ng, nh thu phi chng minh c nng lc v k thut v ti chnh thc hin gi thu. 2.6 T thc hin Hnh thc ny ch c p dng i vi cc gi thu m ch u t c nng lc thc hin. 2.7 Mua sm c bit Hnh thc ny c p dng i vi cc ngnh ht sc c bit m nu khng c nhng quy nh ring th khng th p dng u thu c. 3.Phng thc u thu Hin nay nc ta, hot ng u thu c p tin hnh p dng theo mt trong ba phng thc sau : 3.1 u thu mt ti H s L phng thc m nh thu np H s d thu trong mt ti H s. Phng thc ny c p dng i vi u thu mua sm hng ha v xy lp. 3.2 u thu hai ti H s L phng thc m nh thu np xut k thut v xut ti chnh trong tng ti H s ring vo cng mt thi im. Ti H s xut v k thut s c

xem xt trc nh gi. Cc nh thu m tip H s xut v gi nh gi. Phng thc ny ch c p dng vi u thu tuyn chn t vn. 3.3 u thu hai giai on Phng thc ny p dng cho nhng trng hp sau : - Cc gi thu mua sm hng ha v xy lp c gi tr t 500 t ng tr ln. - Cc gi thu mua sm hng ha c tnh cht la chn cng ngh thit b ton b, phc tp v cng ngh v k thut hoc gi thu xy lp c bit phc tp. - D n hp ng thc hin theo hp ng cha kho trao tay. Qu trnh thc hin phng thc ny nh sau: a. Giai on th nht

Cc nh thu np H s d thu s b gm xut v k thut v phng n ti chnh (cha c gi) bn mi thu xem xt v tho lun c th vi tng nh thu, nhm thng nht v yu cu v tiu chun k thut nh thu chun b np H s d thu chnh thc ca mnh. b. Giai on th hai Bn mi thu mi cc nh thu tham gia trong giai on th nht np H s d thu chnh thc vi xut v k thut v xut chi tit v kinh t vi y ni dung v tin thc hin, iu kin hp ng gi d thu. 4. iu kin thc hin u thu 4.1 Vic t chc u thu ch c thc hin khi c cc iu kin sau: a. Vn bn quyt nh u t hoc giy php quyt nh u t ca ngi (hoc cp) c thm quyn. b. K hoch u thu c ngi c thm quyn ph duyt. c. H s mi thu c ngi (hoc cp) c thm quyn ph duyt. d. Bn mi thu khng c tham gia vi t cch l nh thu i vi cc gi thu do mnh t chc.

Trong trng hp u thu tuyn chn t vn thc hin cng vic chun b d n hoc u thu la chn i tc thc hin d n, iu kin t chc u thu l c vn bn chp thun ca ngi (hoc cp) c thm quyn v h s mi thu c duyt. 4.2 Nh thu tham d u thu phi m bo cc iu kin sau: a. C giy php ng k kinh doanh. i vi u thu mua sm thit b phc tp c quy nh trong h s mi thu, ngoi giy ng k kinh doanh, phi c giy php bn hng thuc bn quyn ca nh sn xut. b. C nng lc v k thut v ti chnh p ng yu cu ca gi thu. c. Ch c tham gia mt n v d thu trong mt gi thu, d l n phng hay lin doanh d thu. Trng hp tng cng ty ng n v d thu th cc n v trc thuc khng c php tham d vi t cch l nh thu c lp trong cng mt gi thu. II. u thu trong xy lp: 1. Vai tr ca u thu trong xy dng: Xy dng l mt trong nhng ngnh kinh t ln ca nn kinh t quc dn, ng vai tr ch cht khu cui cng ca qu trnh sng to nn c vt cht k thut v ti sn c nh cho mi lnh vc hot ng ca t nc v x hi di mi hnh thc ( xy dng mi, ci to, m rng v hin i ho ti sn c nh). Cng vi s pht trin ca nn kinh t, quy m hot ng xy dng ca nc ta ngy cng m rng, th trng xy dng ngy cng sng ng, tnh x hi ca qu trnh sn xut sn phm xy dng ngy cng cao, qua phng thc la chn t chc nhn thu thng qua u thu bc u hnh thnh v ngy cng pht trin, ngy cng th hin r tnh u vit ca n. Th nht: i vi ch u t u thu gip cho ch u t tit kim c vn u t, m bo ng tin v cht lng cng trnh. V trong u tranh din ra s cnh tranh gay gt gia cc nh thu v ch u t l chn nhng nh thu p ng gay gt nhng yu cu ca mnh ra: gi thnh hp l, m bo ng tin thi cng cht lng cng trnh tt. Do s tit kim c ti a vn b ra.

Thng qua u thu, ch u t nm c quyn ch ng hon ton. Bi v, ch khi c s chun b y k lng v tt c mi mt trc khi u t mi tin hnh mi thu v t chc u thu la chn nh thu. Tuy nhin nh gi c ng cc h s d thu, m bo tnh cng bng trong u thu, i hi cc cn b ca ch u t phi c trnh nht nh.Vic qun l mt d n u t vi bn B cng i hi cc cn b phi t nng cao trnh ca mnh p ng c vi yu cu thc t. Kt qu l thc y vic nng cao trnh nng lc ca i ng cn b kinh t, k thut ca bn ch u t Th 2: i vi cc nh thu Trc ht phng thc u thu s pht huy tnh ch ng trong vic tm kim cc c hi tham gia d thu v u thu, cc nh thu s phi tch cc tm kim cc thng tin do cc ch u t ang mi thu trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng, trn th trng, gy dng cc mi quan h vi cc t chc trong v ngoi nc, t tm cch tng cng uy tn ca mnh c th nm bt c cc c hi d thu. Vic tham gia d u thu, trng thu v tin hnh thi cng theo hp ng lm cho nh thu phi tp trung ngun vn ca mnh vo mt im u t, ngay t qu trnh tham gia u thu. Nu trnh k thut cng ngh ca nh thu khng cao th cng kh c c hi trng thu hoc nu c trng thu th cng do trnh thi cng, nng lc qun l ca nh thu thp km dn n d b l. Thc t ny i hi cc nh thu phi khng ngng nng cao trnh v mi mt nh : t chc qun l, o to i ng cn b, u t nng cao nng lc my mc thit b, c nh vy mi m bo thng thu, m bo hiu qu ng vn ca mnh b ra l c li, mt khc nng cao c trnh thi cng cng trnh, nng cao uy tn c trn th trng. Th 3: i vi Nh nc Hot ng u thu nhm nng cao hiu qu s dng vn tp trung (vn t Ngn sch Nh nc). u thu da trn c s cnh tranh gia cc nh thu trn mi mt (ti chnh, k thut) nn n thc y cc n v u thu tng cng trnh , hiu qu v mi mt. Qua u thu ch u t s chn c nh cung cp sn phm, dch v vi gi hp l nht ng thi m bo ng tin v cht lng. Qua hn hai nm thc hin quy ch u thu theo ngh nh 43/CP, hn mt nm thc hin sa i b sung quy ch u thu theo NDD 93/CP v hin nay l quy ch u thu theo N 88/1999/N-CP ca Chnh ph c th thy r phng thc u thu tng bc thay th phng thc ch nh thu (mang nhiu tim n tiu cc trong nn kinh t th trng), ng thi tnh quan h ca n cng c th hin r:

ch tnh cc gi thu do Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt l 96 gi thu vi gi tr trng thu l 2.390 triu USD (so vi gi d kin ban u l 2.782 triu USD tit kim c 14,09%). Cc d n khc cc b, ngnh, a phng nh p dng phng thc u thu, gi trng thu u gim so vi d ton ph duyt l t 8-10% Hot ng u thu gp phn i mi c ch qun l hnh chnh Nh nc trong hot ng u t v xy dng. Trc y trong xy dng cng nh trong cc ngnh kinh t khc, Nh nc qun l ton b trong vic quyt nh xy dng cng trnh no, vn, xut gii php k thut, thi gian, do n v no thi cng... Trong c ch th trng hin nay vi hot ng u thu c p dng th Nh nc ch cn qun l sn phm cui cng, tc l cng trnh hon thnh vi cht lng m bo. Vic thi cng mua vt t, thi gian thi cng tng hng mc cng trnh, c bit l gi cng trnh ty thuc vo kh nng tng nh thu khc nhau. Trch nhim ca cc c quan qun l Nh nc v xy dng by gi ch yu chuyn sang vic nghin cu ban hnh cc chnh sch, quy ch v xy dng iu ch v lnh vc ny cho ph hp vi c ch th trng. Trong c ch th trng hin nay, phng thc u thu ngy cng th hin r tnh u vit v vai tr quan trng ca n i vi ch u t, nh thu v Nh nc, do vic p dng phng thc ny v hot ng kinh doanh, xy dng l tt yu nhm m bo li li ch chnh ng cho ngi lao ng cho doanh nghip v cho Nh nc. 2. Trnh t v ni dung t chc u thu xy lp Vic t chc u thu c t chc thc hin theo trnh t sau: Chun b u thu. S tuyn (nu c) Np v nhn H s d thu. M thu. nh gi v xp hng nh thu. Trnh duyt kt qu u thu. Cng b trng thu v thng tho hon thin hp ng. Trnh duyt ni dung hp ng v k hp ng.

2.1 Chun b u thu

* Lp v trnh duyt k hoch u thu ca d n. K hoch u thu ca d n do bn mi thu lp v phi c ngi c thm quyn ph duyt. Trng hp cha iu kin lp k hoch u thu ca ton b d n bn mi thu c th lp k hoch u thu cho tng phn ca d n theo giai on thc hin nhng phi c ngi c thm quyn ph duyt cho php. Ni dung k hoch u thu ca d n bao gm: - Phn chia d n thnh cc gi thu - Gi gi thu v ngun ti chnh. - Hnh thc la chn nh thu v phng thc u thu p dng i vi tng gi thu. - Thi gian t chc u thu cho tng gi thu. - Loi hp ng cho tng gi thu. - Thi gian thc hin hp ng. Nh vy nhng vn c bn u dc xc nh trong k hoch u thu. Gi thu l cn c t chc u thu v xt thu c phn chia theo tnh cht hoc trnh t ca d n ph hp vi cng ngh v m bo tnh ng b ca d n. Gi gi thu c xc nh cho tng gi thu trn c s tng mc u t hoc tng d ton hoc d ton c duyt. Cc vn khc ( la chn phng thc u thu, thi gian thc hin) c xc nh c th cho tng gi thu ty theo tnh cht, quy m tng gi thu. Bn mi thu thnh lp t chuyn gia hoc thu t vn gip vic cp u thu trn c s chp thun ca ngi (hoc cp) c thm quyn. Ty theo tnh cht v mc phc tp ca tng gi thu, thnh phn t chuyn gia bao gm cc chuyn gia v: - K thut, cng ngh. - Kinh t, ti chnh. - Php l v cc vn khc (nu cn). T chuyn mn c trch nhim: - Chun b ti liu php l, son tho h s mi thu. - Tip nhn v qun l h s d thu.

- Phn tch nh gi, so snh v xp hng cc h s d thu theo tiu chun nh gi c nu trong h s mi thu v tiu chun nh gi chi tit c duyt trc khi m thu. - Tng hp ti liu v qu trnh nh gi xt chn nh thu v lp bo co xt thu - C trch nhim pht biu trung thc, khch quan kin ca mnh bng vn bn vi bn mi thu trong qu trnh phn tch, nh gi xp hng cc h s d thu v chu trch nhim bo mt thng tin, khng c cng tc vi nh thu di bt c hnh thc no v khng c tham gia thm nh cc kt qu u thu T trng t chuyn gia do bn mi thu quyt nh v c ngi (hoc cp) c thm quyn chp thun, c trch nhim iu hnh cng vic, tng hp v chun b cc bo co nh gi hoc cc ti liu c lin quan khc. thc hin tt nhim v ca mnh, chuyn gia hoc t vn phi c trnh chuyn mn lin quan n gi thu, c kinh nghim trong cng tc qun l thc t hoc nghin cu, am hiu qu trnh t chc nh gi,xt chn kt qu u thu. * Chun b h s mi thu v h s tuyn (nu c) Bn mi thu phi chun b y cc ti liu, thng s k thut (ch dn k thut) c lin quan v nu r iu kin ca cng trnh cc bn d thu chun b h s mi thu thng gm: - Th mi thu hoc thng bo mi thu - Mu n d thu. - Ch dn i vi nh thu . - Ch dn k thut. - Bn tin lng d ton. - iu kin chung ca hp ng. - iu kin c th ca hp ng. - Hp ng kinh t v giao nhn thu xy lp cng trnh. - Mu bo lnh d thu. - Mu bo lnh thc hin hp ng. Trng hp cn s tuyn th bn mi thu phi lp h s tuyn bao gm: .

- Th mi thu. - Ch dn s tuyn. - Tiu chun nh gi. - Ph lc km theo. 2.2 S tuyn Vic s tuyn nh thu phi c tin hnh i vi cc gi thu xy lp c gi tr t 200 t ng tr ln nhm la chn cc nh thu nng lc v kinh nghim thc hin, p ng yu cu ca h s mi thu. S tuyn nh thu c tin hnh theo cc bc: - Thng bo mi s tuyn. - Nhn v qun l H s d thu s tuyn. - nh gi H s d thu. - Trnh duyt kt qu s tuyn. - Thng bo kt qu s tuyn. 2.3 Mi thu Mi thu c tin hnh thng qua cc phng tinh thng tin di chng hoc qua cc thng bo trc tip ty theo loi hnh u thu c p dng (trng hp c s tuyn ch nhng nh thu no lt qua s tuyn mi c mua h s mi thu). Thng bo mi thu hoc th mi thu bao gm cc ni dung ch yu sau: - Tn v a ch bn mi thu. - M t tm tt d n, ngun vn a im v thi gian xy dng. - Ch dn vic tm hiu h s mi thu. - Thi hn, a im nhn h s mi thu v m thu. 2.4 Np v nhn h s d thu Khi nhn c thng bo mi thu hoc th mi thu, cc t chc xy ng nu iu kin v mun tham gia u thu th tham kho h s mi thu, chun b hon tt h s d thu v gi n cho bn mi thu theo thi gian v a im ghi trn thng bo mi thu hay th mi thu.

H s d thu gi i c nim phong. Bn mi thu c trch nhim bo qun cc h s d thu, khng c m trc gi quy nh. 2.5 M thu Nhng h s d thu np ng hn s c bn mi thu tip nhn v qun l theo ch qun l h s mt. Vic m thu c tin hnh cng khai theo ngy gi, a im ghi trong h s mi thu v khng c qu 48 gi k t thi im ng thu. i din ca bn mi thu v cc nh thu c mi tham d phi k vo bin bn m thu. Bin bn m thu ghi r h tn gi thu, ngy, gi, a im m thu: tn v a ch cc nh thu, gi u thu, bo lnh d thu, tin thc hin v cc ni dung lin quan khc. Bn gc h s d thu sau khi m thu phi c bn mi thu k xc nhn tng trang trc khi tin hnh nh gi v qun l theo ch qun l h s mt lm c s php l cho vic nh gi v xem xt. 2.6 nh gi, xp hng nh thu Bn mi thu tn hnh nghin cu, nh gi chi tit v xp hng cc H s d thu c m cn c theo yu cu H s mi thu v tiu chun nh gi c ngi (hoc cp) c thm quyn ph duyt trc khi m thu. Vic nh gi cc h s d thu c thc hin theo trnh t sau: Bc1 : nh gi b H s d thu Vic nh gi s b l nhm loi b c cc H s d thu khng p ng c cc yu cu bao gm : - Kim tra tnh hp l ca H s d thu. - Xt p c bn ca H s mi thu. - Lm r H s d thu (nu cn). Bc 2 : nh gi chi tit H s d thu Vic nh gi chi tit H s d thu xy lp c thc hin theo phng php nh gi. Trc ht, H s d thu c nh gi v mt k thut chn danh sch ngn. Vic nh gi c tin hnh da trn c s yu cu v tiu chun nh gi c quy nh trong H s mi thu v tiu chun nh gi chi tit c ngi (hoc

cp) c thm quyn ph duyt trc thi gian m thu. Cc nh thu t s im ti thiu t 70% tng s im v k thut tr ln s c chn vo danh sch ngn. nh gi v mt ti chnh, thng mi cc nh thu thuc danh sch ngn: vic nh gi veeg mt ti chnh thng mi c tin hnh trn cng mt mt bng theo tiu chun nh gi c ph duyt nhm xc nh gi, nh gi bao gm bn mi thu thc hin cc ni dung cng vic sau: - Sa li: sa cha cc sai st nhm chun xc H s d thu bao gm: li s hc, li nh my, li chnh t, li nhm n v. - Hiu chnh sai lch: bn mi thu tin hnh b sung, iu chnh nhng ni dung cn thiu st hoc tha trong h s d thu so vi cc yu cu ca H s mi thu cng nh b sung hoc iu chnh nhng khc bit gia cc phn ca h s d thu. - Chuyn i gi d thu sang mt ng tin chung. - a v mt mt bng so snh. - Xc nh gi nh gi ca cc H s d thu. * Xp hng H s d thu H s d thu c xp hng theo gi nh gi nh thu c H s d thu hp l, p ng c bn cc yu cu ca H s mi thu, c gi nh gi thp nht v c gi d ngh trng thu khong vt qu gi gi thu hoc d ton, tng d ton c ph duyt (nu d ton, tng d ton dc duyt thp hn gi gi thu c duyt) s c xem xt trng thu. 2.7 Trnh duyt kt qu u thu Kt qu u thu phi c ngi (hoc cp) c thm quyn xem xt ph duyt. 2.8 Cng b trng thu v thng tho hon thin hp ng Bn mi thu ch c php cng b kt qu u thu sau khi c ngi (hoc cp) c thm quyn ph duyt. Bn mi thu s mi nh thu trng thu n thng tho hon thin hp ng. Nu khng thnh cng, bn mi thu s mi nh thu xp hng tip theo n thng tho hp ng nhng phi c ngi (hoc cp) c thm quyn chp nhn. 2.9 Trnh duyt ni dung hp ng v k hp ng

Nh thu trng thu trong thi gian quy nh phi np bo lnh thc hin hp ng. Gi tr bo lnh thc hin hp ng khng qu 10% gi tr hp ng ty theo loi hnh v quy m ca hp ng. Bn mi thu v nh thu trng thu phi k kt hp ng bng vn bn khi ni dung hp ng c trnh duyt Hp ng xy dng c th c tin hnh cho ton b cng trnh, cho tng hng mc cng trnh hay cho mt loi cng vic xy dng. Hp ng xy dng c th k kt gia ch u t vi ch d n, vi tng thu (thu chnh) hay k kt gia tng thu ( thu chnh) vi cc thu ph. Cn c vo thi hn v tnh cht ca gi thu c quy nh trong k hoch u thu, hp ng c th c thc hin mt trong cc loi sau: a/ Hp ng trn gi: l hp ng theo gi khon gn, c p dng cho nhng gi thu c xc nh r v khi lng yu cu v cht lng v thi gian. Trng hp c nhng pht sinh ngoi hp ng nhng khng do nh thu gy ra th s c ngi (hoc cp) c thm quyn xem xt quyt nh. b/ Hp ng cha kha trao tay: l hp ng bao gm ton b cc cong vic thit k, cung cp thit b v xy lp ca mt gi thu c thc hin thng qua mt nh thu. Ch u t c trch nhim tham gia gim st qu trnh thc hin, nghim thu v nhn bn giao khi nh thu hon thnh ton b cng trnh theo k kt hp ng. C/ Hp ng c iu chnh gi: hp ng iu chnh gi p dng cho nhng gi thu m ti thi im k kt hp ng khong cc iu kin xc nh chnh xc v s lng v cht lng hoc c bin ng ln v gi c do chnh sch ca Nh nc thay i v hp ng c thi gian thc hin trn 12 thng. Ring i vi gi thu nh (gi thu c gi tr di 2 t ng) vic lp h s mi thu c thc hin n gin da trn nhng quy inh u thu i vi gi thu quy m nh. Tuy nhin, h s mi thu bao gm cc ni dung sau: - Th mi thu v mu n d thu. - Yu cu i vi gi thu xy lp: h s thit k k thut km theo bn tin lng c duyt, ch dn k thut v tin thc hin. - Tiu chun nh gi (t hoc khng t) v mt k thut. - Mu bo lnh d thu v bo lnh thc hin hp ng bo lnh d thu trong trng hp ny bng 1% gi d thu v bo lnh thc hin hp ng bng 3% gi tr hp ng

III. H s d thu xy lp v cc tiu chun nh gi h s d thu xy lp 1. H s d thu xy lp

H s d thu do cc nh thu xay dng lp trn c s ca h s mi thu. N dung h s mi thu xy lp bao gm: 1.1 Ni dung v hnh chnh, php l * n d thu hp l (phi c ch k ca ngi thm quyn). * Bn sao giy ng k kinh doanh * Ti liu gii thiu nng lc v kinh nghim ca nh thu k c nh thu ph nu c. * Vn bn tha thun lin doanh( trng hp lin doanh d thu ) * Bo lnh d thu 1.2 Cc ni dung v k thut * Bin php v t chc thi cng i vi gi thu. * Tin thc hin hp ng. * c tnh k thut, ngun cung cp vt t, vt liu xy dng. * Cc bin php m bo cht lng. 1.3 Cc ni dung v thng mi, ti chnh * Gi d thu km theo thuyt minh v biu gi chi tit * iu kin thanh ton. 2. Cc tiu chun nh gi h s d thu xy lp

Vic thc hin nh gi H s d thu xy lp c thc hin theo tiu chun v cc ni dung sau: 2.1 K thut cht lng - Mc p ng i vi cc yu cu v k thut, cht lng vt t, thit b nu trong h s thit k. - Tnh hp l v kh thi ca cc gii php k thut, bin php v t chc thi cng.

- Bo m iu kin v sinh mi trng v cc iu kin khc nh: phng chy, an ton lao ng. - Mc p ng ca thit b thi cng (s lng, chng loi cht lng v tin huy ng). - Cc bin php m bo cht lng 2.2 Kinh nghim v nng lc ca nh thu - Kinh nghim thc hin cc d n c yu cu k thut vng a l v hin trng tng t. - S lng, trnh cn b, cng nhn k thut trc tip thc hin d n. - Nng lc ti chnh (doanh s li nhun v cc ch tiu khc). 2.3 Ti chnh v gi c Kh nng cung cp ti chnh, cc iu kin thng mi v ti chnh, gi c nh gi. 2.4 Tin thi cng - Mc m bo tin thi cng quy nh trong h s mi thu. - Tnh hp l v tin hon thnh v cc hng mc cng trnh c lin quan. IV. mt s yu t trong xy dng nh hng n cng tc u thu ca t chc xy dng 1.tnh hnh v iu kin sn xut trong xy dng thiu
tnh n nh, lun bin i theo a im xy dng v cng c lao ng

C th l trong xy dng, con ngi v cng c lao ng lun phi di chuyn t cng trnh ny n cng trnh khc, cn sn xut xy dng (tc cc cng trnh xy dng) th hnh thnh v ng yn ti ch, mt c im him thy cc ngnh. Cc phng n xy dng v mt k thut v t chc sn xut cng lun phi thay i theo a im v giai on xy dng. c im ny lm kh khn cho vic t chc sn xut, kh ci thin iu kin lm vic cho ngi lao ng, lm ny sinh nhiu chi ph cho khu di chuyn lc lng sn xut v cng trnh tm phc v sn xut, lm cho cng tc u thu ca cc t chc xy dng gp nhiu kh khn trong xut bin

php thi cng cng nh h thp gi d thu. c im ny cng i hi cc t chc xy dng phi c gng tng cng tnh c ng, linh hot v gn nh v mt trang thit b ti sn c nh, la chn cc hnh thc t chc sn xut linh hot, tng cng iu hnh tc nghip, phn u gim chi ph c lin quan n vn chuyn, la chn vng hot ng thch hp, li dng ti a lc lng xy dng ti ch v lin kt ti ch tranh thu xy dng, ch n chi ph vn chuyn khi lp gi tranh thu. 2. Chu k sn xut (thi gian xy dng cng trnh) thng
di

c im ny lm cho vn u t xy dng cng trnh v vn c chc xy dng thng b ng lu di ti cng trnh ang c xy dng, cc t chc xy dng d gp phi nhng ri ro ngu nhin theo thi gian. c im ny i hi cc t chc xy dng trong u thu phi ch n nhn t thi gian khi la chn phng n t chc thi cng, cng nh khi la chn phng n gi cui cng
3.Sn xut xy dng phi tin hnh theo n t hng cho tng trng hp c th thng qua hnh thc k hp ng

Sau khi thng thu v sn phm xy dng rt a dng c tnh c bit cao v chi ph ln. Trong phn ln cc ngnh sn xut khc, ngi ta c th sn xut hng lot sn phm bn. Nhng vi cc cng trnh xy dng th khng th lm c tr mt vi trng hp rt him khi ch u t lm sn mt s nh bn, nhng ngay c y mi nh cung cp s c cc c im ring do iu kin a cht v a hnh em li. c im ny dn n yu cu l phi xc nh gi c ca sn phm xy dng trc khi sn phm c lm ra v hnh thc giao nhn thu v u thu cho nhng cng trnh c th tr nn ph bin trong sn xut xy dng. c im ny i hi cc t chc xay dng mun thng thu phi tch ly nhiu kinh nghim cho nhiu trng hp xy dng c th v phi tnh ton cn thn nhiu trng hp tranh thu.
4. Qu trnh sn xut xy dng rt phc tp

Cc n v tham gia xy dng cng trnh c th phi cungsf nhau thi cong trn mt din tch c hn thc hin phn vic ca mnh theo mt trnh t nht nh v thi gian v khng gian. c im ny i hi cc t chc xy dng trong H s d thu phi thc hin trnh t chc phi hp cao trong sn xut, coi trng cng tc chun b xy dng v thit k t chc thi cng.

5. Sn xut xy dng thng phi tin hnh ngoi tri nn chu nhiu nh hng ca thi tit, iu kin lm vic nhc nhn

nh hng ca thi tit thng lm gin on qu trnh thi cng, nng lc ca t chc xy dng khng c s dng iu ha trong bn qu, gay kh khn cho vic la chn trnh t thi cng d tr vt t nhiu hn... c im ny i hi cc t chc xy dng trong qu trnh lp h s d thu phi lp tin thi cng hp l trnh thi tit xu, phn u tm cch hot ng trong nm, p dng kt cu lp ghp lm sn trong xng mt cch hp l. Ch n nhn t ri ro v thi tit khi tranh thu, quan tm phng php xy dng trong iu kin nhit i. 6. Sn xut xy dng chu nh hng ca li nhun chnh
lch do iu kin ca a im xy dng em li

Cng c mt lot cng trnh xy dng nhng nu n t mt ni c sn ngun my xy dng cho thu, sn cng nhn th ngi nhn thu xy dng trng hp ny c nhiu c hi h thp chi ph sn xut v thu c li nhun cao hn. y l mt yu t m khi tranh thu cc nh thu phi ch .

V. gi d ton d thu trong u thu xy lp

1.Mt s c im ca nh gi trong xy dng

Vic nh gi trong xy dng c mt s c im sau: 1.1 Gi ca sn phm xy dng c tnh c bit cao v cc cng trnh xy dng ph thuc nhiu vo iu kin ca a im xy ng Vo chng loi cng trnh xy dng v vo cc yu cu s dng khc nhau ca cc ch u t. Do gi xy dng khng th inh trc hng lot cho cng trnh ton vn m phi xc nh c th cho tng trng hp c th. 1.2 Trong xy dng ngi ta khng th nh gi trc cho mt cng trnh ton vn, nhng ngi ta c th nh gi trc cho tng loi cng vic xy dng, tng b phn hp thnh cng trnh thng qua ci gi l n gi xy dng. Trn c s cc n gi ny ngi ta s ly gi cho ton th cng trnh xy dng mi khi cn n. Trong xy dng gi tr d ton cng tc xy lp ng vai tr gi c ca sn phm ca ngnh cng nghip xy dng.

1.3 Qu trnh hnh thnh gi xy dng cng trnh thng ko di t khi u thu n khi kt thc xy dng v bn giao tri qua cc iu chnh v m phn trung gian gia bn giao thu v bn nhn thu xy dng. Gi xy dng ca mt cng trnh no nh vy c hnh thnh trc khi sn phm thc t ra i. 1.4 S hnh thnh gi ch yu c thng qua hnh thc u thu v ch thu xy dng. y ch u t ( tc ngi mua sm sn phm) ng vai tr quyt nh trong vic nh gi xy dng cng trnh. 1.5 Ph thuc vo giai on u t, gi xy dng cng trnh c biu din bng cc tn gi khc nhau c tnh ton theo cc giai on khc nhau v c s dng vi cc mc tiu khc nhau. 1.6 Trong nn kinh t th trng, Nh nc vn ng vai tr trong vic hnh thnh gi xy dng, ch yu l cho khu vc xy dng t ngun vn ca Nh nc. nc ta hin nay vai tr qun l gi xy dng ca Nh nc cn tng i ln v phn ln cc cng trnh xy dng hin nay nh vo ngun vn ca Nh nc v Nh nc cn phi ng vai tr can thip vo gi xy dng ca cc cng trnh ca cc ch u t nc ngoi trnh thit hi chung cho t nc

2.Ni dung lp gi d ton cng trnh xy dng

Gi tr d ton xy lp (GTXL) sau thu ca cng trihf xy dng bao gm: GTDTXL trc thu (T + X + TL) v khon thu GTGT u ra (VAT) tc l : GTDTXL sau thu = GTDTXL trc thu + VAT = T + C + TL + VAT Trong : T : chi ph trc tip C : chi ph chung TL: thu nhp chu thu tnh trc * Gi tr d ton xy lp trc thu : l mc gi itnhs thues GTGT bao gm chi ph trc tip, chi ph chung v thu nhp chu thu tnh trc, c xc nh theo mc tiu hao v vt t, lao ng, s dung my v mt bng gi ca khu vc ca tng thi k do cc c quan c thm quyn ban hnh.

Chi ph trc tip: bao gm chi ph vt liu, chi ph nhn cng v chi ph s dung my thi cng, c xc nh trn c s khi lng xy lp theo thit k c lp tng ng. Chi ph vt liu gm: vt liu chnh, vt liu ph, vt liu lun chuyn, c tnh theo n gi xy dng c bn (n gi a phng hoc n gi cng trnh). Mc gi cc loi vt t vt liu trong n gi ni trn cha bao gm thu GTGT u vo m doanh nghip xy dng phi ng tr khi mua vt t, vt liu c s thay i v gi c th cn c vo mc gi cha c thu GTGT trong thng bo tng k ca c quan c thm quyn cng b trnh s chnh lch ny vo chi ph vt liu trong d ton. Chi ph v nhn cng GTDTXD bao gm: lng c bn v cc khon ph cp c tnh cht lng, cc chi ph theo ch c th khon trc tip cho ngi lao ng tnh mt ngy cng nh mc. Chi ph my thi cng gm ch ph nhn cng th iu khin, sa cha my, thit b thi cng. Ring mt s chi ph ph thuc trong gi c my v thit b thi cng nh xng du, in nng cha tnh gi tr tng u vo. Chi ph chung: tnh bng % so vi chi ph nhn cng trong gi tr doanh thu xy lp, c quy nh cho tng loi cng trnh. Khon thu nhp chu thu tnh trc dng np thu thu nhp doanh nghip v mt s khon chi ph phi np, phi tr khc. Phn cn li c trch lp qu theo quy ch qun l ti chnh v hch ton kinh danh i vi doanh nghip Nh nc. * Thu GTGT u ra: dng tr thu GTGT u vo m doanh nghip xy dng ng trc khi mua vt t, vt liu, nhin liu, nng lng nhng cha c tnh vo chi ph vt liu, my thi cng, chi ph chung doanh thu xy lp trc thu v phn thu GTGT m DN xy dng phi np.
3.Cc nhn t nh hng n gi d ton cc cng trnh xy dng

3.1 Nhng nhn t bn ngoi lm tng gim mt cch chnh ng cc chi ph trong gi d ton - Nng cao yu cu v mc k thut, cng ngh, trang thit b ca cng trnh (tng cng kt cu cng trnh s dng trang thit b hin i, bo m m trng sinh thi). - Vic di chuyn b my qun l, lc lng thi cng trang thit b thi cng xy dng cng trnh ti cc vng xa xi, ho lnh t dn c, mi khai khn, h thng vn ti yu, iu kin kh hu thin nhin khc nghit.

- Yu cu nng cao iu kin sng v vn ha cho ngi lao ng. - S bin ng gi c. - Tng tin lng ca cng nhn ngnh xy dng. - S nng cao nh mc tch ly k hoch v nhng chi ph khng lng trc c. - Do thin tai ch ha v cc nguyn nhn bt kh khng khc. - Cc chi ph v gi tr khi lng dch v hy b hoc thay i theo quyt inh ca cp c thm quyn. - Nhng thay i ca tng b phn cng trnh, kt cu theo kin chuyn mn ca c quan thm nh thit k. 3.2 Nhng nhn t bn ngoi c lin quan n cc ch tiu kinh t, k thut do c quan c thm quyn ban hnh lm tng gim mt cch khng chnh ng gi d ton - S khng y hoc khng ng n nh mc kinh t k thut - Tnh khoa hc thc tin ca mt s vn bn php quy cn thp. - Thiu cc ti liu v quy chun, tiu chun trong xy dng (chng hn khng c phng php hoc ch dn phng php thit k cc cng trnh xy dng trong iu kin a cht, bo lt dn dn phi thng qua gii php thit k khng c cn c nhng chi ph ban u. 3.3 Cc nhn t bn ngoi c lin quan n yu t thng tin lm tng gim khng chnh ng v ngu nhin gi d ton. - S d bo khng y v tin b khoa hc k thut v cng ngh (v thiu cc ti liu d bo c th dn n vic thng qua gii php thit k khng c cn c nhng chi ph ban u. - Thiu chng trnh mc tiu k hoch ha cng tc kho st thit k ( s thiu k hoch di hn dn n vic thit k k thut cho mt s cng trnh cha c d n kh thi dc duyt: bn v thi cng ca mt s i tng ring bit li c lm trc khi xem thit k k thut. - Cht lng cc ti liu ban u khi thit k cha tt. - Khi thit k thng khng tnh n nhng ti liu d bo v quy chun mi, cc loi thit k n khi a cng trnh vo khai thc thng t 1-7 nm hoc hn

na vic khng tnh n cc nhn t trn dn n vic phi sa di, b sung li thit k trong qu trnh xy dng lm tng d ton cng trnh. - S thiu c s cng nghip ha, hoc c nhng lc hu dn n s gim ch tiu c gii ha, cng nghip ha trong xy dng lm tng chi ph sn xut, tng chi ph vn ti do vn chuyn cc sn phm. - Khng c s lng cc my mc thit b thi cng hin i, c nng sut cao hoc c thit b nhng thiu ng b trong cng ngh thi cng ca cc t chc xy lp. -S cung cp vt t k thut khng y hoc khng theo k hoch yu cu ca cc t chc xy lp. - Do ko di thi hn xy dng cng trnh theo nh mc cng lm tng gi d ton. 3.4 Nhng nhn t bn trong lm tng, gim khng chnh ng v ngu nhin gi d ton do cht lng thng tin khng y - Cht lng cng tc kho st khng tt, cc lun c nhim v lp ti liu thit k khng r rng, qu s si, dn n s cn thit phi xem xt ti liu k thut thit k d ton trong qu trnh xy dng. - Vic xc nh khng ng nhu cu xe, my thi cng v s c gii ha ca cc t chc xy lp khi laap thit k bin php thit k thi cng i vi mt s cng tc xy lp cng lm tng gi d ton. - Vic giao khng kp cc ti liu thit k d ton dn n ko di thi gian xy dng v lm thay i d ton chi ph xy dng cng trnh . 3.5 Nhng nhn t lm thay i khng chnh ng v ngu nhin gi d ton c lin quan n hot ng sn xut ca n v t vn - Sai st ca ngi thit k dn n vic tng gim khng c cn c khi lng cng tc xy lp v tnh ton khng ng cc chi ph d ton. - Tnh ton chi ph vn chuyn v mt s khon chi ph khc phc v qu trnh vn chuyn vt liu n hin trng xy lp mt cch thiu khoa hc, xa ri thc tin (trong gi tr d ton chi ph vt liu chim t trng ln t 60%-70% chi ph vn chuyn chim khong 10% -18% gi tr d ton xy lp). - Nghin cu khng y cc gii php thit k dn n la chn phng n khng hp l lm tng gi d ton. Hin nay cn nhiu trng hp cc nh thit k

ch hn ch xem xt 2-3 phng n v ngay c nhng phng n ny cng khng phi lun lun m bo cc iu kin so snh. Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gim vic lp cc d n so snh l do khng dy kinh ph cho cng tc kho st thit k VitNam ch mi chim 2-3% gi tr cng trnh , nc khc chi ph ny thng chim khong 5-10% gi tr cng trnh. VI. vn cnh tranh trong u thu xy lp. trng thu th nh thu phi c cc li th tng i so vi cc nh thu khc chnh l sc cnh tranh. Trong u thu khi ni n sc cnh tranh l ni n nhng li th ca nh thu so vi cc nh thu khc v cc yu t nh: nng lc v kinh nghim, mc p ng k thut, kh nng cung cp ti chnh, trnh tay ngh v trnh qun l ca nhng ngi tham gia vo gi thu trong k thut u thu cng gp phn quyt nh thng thu. Ty theo quy m v tnh cht ca tng gi thu m ngi ta c tng tiu chun nh gi H s d thu cho ph hp bi vy cc nh thu cng cn phi c nhng k thut u thu sao cho H s d thu phi p ng y yu cu ca bn mi thu m li c mc gi thp nht. c trng thu cc nh thu phi khng ngng nng cao sc cnh tranh n c biu hin qua cc tiu ch nh gi H s d thu. Nh thu no c li th tng i cng cao th kh nng thng thu cng ln. Mt H s d thu c nh gi theo cc tiu ch sau 1. Tiu chun nh gi v nng lc v kinh nghim ca nh thu - Nng lc sn xut kinh doanh: sn phm sn xut v kinh doanh chnh (s lng v chng loi), s lng v trnh cn b chuyn mn, c s vt cht k thut ca cc nh thu - Nng lc ti chnh: tng ti sn, vn lu ng, doanh thu, li nhun trc v sau thu trong thi gian 3 n 5 nm gn y. - Kinh nghim : s nm kinh nghim hot ng. S lng cc hp ng tng t thc hin trong thi gian 3 n nm 5 gn y. Ty theo tnh cht ca tng gi thu, yu cu v thi gian tnh nng lc ti chnh (qua cc ch tiu v tng ti sn, vn lu ng, doanh thu, li nhun) v yu cu v thi gian thc hin cc hp ng tng t c th quy nh t hn 3 nm trn c s ph hp vi tnh hnh thc t ca d n v cn c ngi c thm quyn hoc cp c thm quyn chp nhn.

2.

Tiu chun v mt k thut

- Yu cu v k thut: + Kh nng p ng cc yu cu v phm vi cung cp, s lng cht lng hng ha, tiu chun cng ngh, tiu chun sn xut, tnh nng k thut, t l gia thit b nhp ngoi v sn xut gia cng trong nc. + Kh nng lp t thit b, phng tin lp t v nng lc cn b k thut + Mc p ng ca thit b thi cng. + Tc ng i vi mi trng v bin php gii quyt. Kh nng cung cp ti chnh Cc ni dung khc:

+ iu kin hp ng: mc p ng cc iu kin hp ng nu trong H s mi thu. + Thi gian thc hin hp ng so vi yu cu trong H s mi thu v cam kt hon thnh hp ng ca nh thu. + Mc lin doanh lin kt vi nh thu Vit Nam, s dng thu ph Vit Nam i vi nh thu nc ngoi trong trng hp u thu quc t. + Chuyn giao cng ngh: kh nng chuyn giao cng ngh cho ton b d n hoc tng phn ca d n. + o to: k hoch v ni dung o to trong nc, ngoi nc cho cn b cng nhn vin trc tip thc hin v tip thu cng vic. + Cc ni dung khc nu c. S dng thang im 100 hoc 1000 nh gi i vi ni dung nu trn v mt k thut chn danh sch ngn. Ty theo tnh cht tng gi thu m xc nh t trng im v mc im yu cu ti thiu i vi tng ni dung. im ti thiu ca tt c cc ni dung trn theo quy nh khong c thp hn 70% tng s im, ngha l im ti thiu c th l 70,71,72,...80%...ty theo tnh cht ca tng gi thu 3. Tiu chun a v mt mt bng xc nh nh gi Tiu chun a v mt mt bng xc nh gi nh gi bao gm nhng ni dung ch yu sau:

- Thi gian s dng cng trnh. - Tin , thi gian thc hin gi thu. - Chi ph vn hnh: tn tht khi vn hnh, tiu hao nguyn nhin vt liu, ph tng thay th v cc khon chi ph vn hnh khc nu c. - Chi ph bo dng, duy tu, sa cha ln. - iu kin thng mi (iu kin thanh ton, bo hnh), iu kin ti chnh( li sut vay, cc loi ph). T nhng tiu chun trn nh thu khng ngng nng cao sc cnh tranh bng cch nng cao nng lc kinh nghim k thut, cng ngh bn cnh cn phi c k thut u thu xc nh cho mnh mt mc gi thp c th thng thu m vn m bo cht lng, tin v m bo cho cng ty c li nhun

Chng II Thc trng v mt s cng tc u thu ca cng ty xy lp vt t k thut

I/ s hnh thnh v pht trin ca cng ty xy lp vt t k thut 1. s hnh thnh v pht trin ca cng ty

Cng ty xy lp vt t k thut l mt doanh nghip Nh nc c thnh lp ngy 22 thng 2 nm 1991. Sinh ra v ln ln trong thi k i mi, cng ty sm c ti luyn trong c ch th trng vi bao th thch kh khn. Nm 2001 cng ty va trn 10 tui nhng tr thnh mt cng ty ln, vng mnh v mi mt. Trong sn xut kinh doanh v trong thi cng cc cng trnh, cng ty lun t mc tiu cht lng sn phm ln hng u v vy tt c cc cng trnh do cng ty thi cng trong cc nm qua u t cht lng cao.

Vn php nh : 5.386.081.897,0 ng Tn giao dch quc t :Technology Materials and Construction Company Tn vit tt : in thoi : 04-6330745 Fax 2. : 04-6330737 Chc nng v nhim v kinh doanh ca cng ty TEMATCO 04-6330737 04-6330741

xy lp vt t k thut Cc lnh vc sn xut kinh doanh: - Nhn thu thi cng cc cng trnh dn dng, cng nghip, giao thng, thy li, xy dng cc cng trnh k thut h tng th v nng thn. - Nhp khu cc mt hng st thp, cc loi ng ng thp v trang thit b ni ngoi tht cung cp cho cc cng trnh xy dng - Kinh doanh ch bin mt hng ch, ng cef, cao su, ru bia, nc gii kht, cc mt hng Nng, Lm, Hi sn v hng ha khc. - Nhp khu thit b, ph tng ch bin ch phc v lp t ti cc nh my ch. - T vn u t Xy lp pht trin sn xut kinh doanh ch. II. Mt s c im kinh t- k thut nh hng n cng tc u thu ca cng ty
1. c im v sn xut kinh doanh

Cng ty xy lp vt t k thut hot ng trong lnh vc xy dng c bn l mt ngnh c c th ring so vi cc ngnh sn xut vt cht khc trong nn kinh t quc dn. Xy dng c bn l mt ngnh sn xut c lp to ra nhng ti sn c nh trong hu ht tt c cc ngnh trong nn kinh t quc dn gp phn trong vic xy dng h tng cho x hi. Qu trnh to ra sn phm vt cht thng di, t khi khi cng xy dng cho n khi cng trnh hon thnh bn giao a vo s dng l mt qu trnh thi cng ph thuc vo nhiu yu t. Quy m, tnh cht phc tp ca tng cng trnh, quy m quy phm trong thi cng li ch yu thc hin ngoi tri nn chu nh hng rt ln ca cc yu t thin nhin nh nng, ma...qu trnh thi cng xy dng chia thnh nhiu giai on, mi giai on gm nhiu cng vic khc nhau.

Sn phm xy dng c bn l sn phm c sn xut theo hp ng k kt gia bn ch u t (bn A) v bn thi cng (bn B) trn c s d ton v thit k c cp c thm quyn duyt. Qu trnh sn xut phi c so snh vi d ton c v mt khi lng cng nh hp ng, cc n v xy dng phi m bo ng cc yu cu v k thut, v m thut cng trnh, ng thit k, m bo cht lng cng trnh v bn giao ng tin c nh vy bn A mi nghim thu v chp nhn thanh ton. Cng ty xy lp vt t k thut l mt trong nhng cng ty xy dng Vit Nam trong vng 10 nm a bn hot ng ca cng ty kh rng cc tnh, thnh ph ln chnh v vy cng ty c nhng bc thnh cng ng k c bit l trong lnh vc xy dng dn dng Nn kinh t ca nc ta ang trn pht trin v tng trng do tnh cnh tranh trong nn kinh t th trng ngy cng gay gt. l mt trong nhng vn m khng nhng cng ty xy lp vt t k thut thng xuyn quan tm m l ca tt c cc cng ty trong lnh vc xy dng c bn ni ring v trong nn kinh t th trng ni chung. Trn a bn c nc cng tn ti trn mt a bn hot ng c rt nhiu cng ty ln c thm nin cao nh cng ty xy dng Lng L, tng cng ty xy dng Trng Sn v vy tr vng cng ty phi m rng a bn ca mnh ra cc tnh thnh ph khc. Bc u tip cn vi cng tc u thu trn a bn mi gy cho cng ty khng t kh khn. Nhng mt mt yu t cnh tranh cng gp phn nng cao cng tc u thu ca cng ty. Trong qu trnh hot ng ca cng ty thng xuyn c nhng hot ng nhm pht trin v t chc v xy dng lc lng. Cng vi s tng trng v pht trin trong sn xut kinh doanh, cng ty khng ngng kin ton v pht trin t chc xy dng lc lng c v lng ln cht, cng ty tip tc m rng quan h y mnh lin doanh lin kt tm bn hng. Tng cng quan h vi cc t chc kinh t cc c s nghin cu khoa hc trong nc tn kim bn hng, hp tc trong u thu xy dng cng trnh, trong m rng u t sn xut kinh doanh. Trong vi nm gn y cng ty thc hin mt s cc cng trnh c quy m ln cc tnh thnh trong c nc iu ny to iu kin cho cng ty tch ly c kinh nghim c thm uy tn trn th trng xy dng cng nh trong cng tc u thu. Sau y l mt s cng trnh m cng ty thc hin trong vng3nm qua

Mt s cng trnh thc hin trong nhng nm gn y

Gi tr Hp ng (1000) 2 Cng trnh dn dng Tr s cc thng k Bc Ninh Ci to TT Phc hi chc nng Sn Ci to bnh vin ch Sng L CLB gia nh tr qun Thanh Xun HN Tr s UBND- HND huyn H Ho Trng tiu hc Hin ninh,Sc Sn H Ni Nh iu hnh khu lin c-Cty in Lc I Cng trnh cng nghip Xy dng nh my ch H Ni Kho cha ch XK CTy ch Kim Anh Cng ty ch Ph a Nh my ch M Lm Tuyn Quang 2.28 7.000 1.79 3.174 1.45 4.273 1.99 Cng ty ch H Ni Cng ty ch Kim Anh Cng ty ch Ph a Cng d thu ch M Lm2.20 0.000 2.14 9.770 1.63 6.000 704. 142 3.07 8.965 1.63 3.352 3.24 2.221 Cc thng k Bc Ninh TT Phc hi chc nng Sn Bnh vin khu vc ch Sng L TT vn ha GD- TTN T UBND huyn H Ha BQL d n huyn Sc Sn Cng ty in Lc I 3

Tn cng trnh v a im T

C quan k hp ng

0.100 Cng trnh giao thng ng Hin Ha-ng si vn QG Ct B Cu ng st sng Ci Nha Trang Cu treo bn lt, x Tm Chung, Mng Lt Cu An Dng II - Hi Phng H tng khu th i Kim nh Cng HN Cng trnh thy li Xy dng knh Ty; knh Ni Bi K Xun Canh Tiu d n H N- H T K An Cnh III Tiu d n H N HT Knh chnh ti trm bm Th.Tht T.Bnh Knh chnh- H thng thy nng Bc N.An Thy li N Cy, huyn Lc Yn,Yn Bi 2.89 0.000 1.20 0.000 8.59 0.000 1.88 0.000 1.20 7.193 2.10 0.000 7.05 0.000 4.50 0.000 930. 000 1.79 4.431 1.00 0.000

TQ

Vn QG Ct B Cng ty cu 14 UBND huyn Mng Lt TH Cng ty thi cng c gii xy lp Cng ty TNHH Hng H

BQL d n thy li 402 BQL DA u t XD thy li HN Cng ty XD v pht trin h tng Ban QLDA Ngnh CSHT T.Bnh BQL d n thy li 407 BQL cng trnh thy li Yn Bi

2.c im v b my t chc qun l v t chc sn xut ca cng ty xy lp vt t k thut 2.1 S b my t chc qun l 2.2 Chc nng v nhim v ca cc phng ban

2.2.1 Gim c cng ty Gim c cng ty l ngi c c quan cp trn c thm quyn b nhim, l i din cng ty theo php lut. Gim c cng ty l ngi iu hnh cao nht trong cng ty c nhim v t chc b my hot ng ca cng ty, qun l, ch o iu hnh ton b hot ng sn xut kinh doanh, phng hng pht trin v cc vn khc ca cng ty. Gim c phi chu trch nhim trc cp trn trc c quan nh nc v ton th cn b cng nhn vin v xy dng cng ty v kt qu hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. 2.2.2 Ph gim c cng ty: Chc nng: l ngi gip vic trc tip cho gim c cng ty theo tng lnh vc c phn cng, y quyn v chu trch nhim trc Gim c cng ty v php lut v kt qu cng vic c giao. Nhim v: t chc iu hnh cng vic thuc lnh vc c giao. Trn c s cc ch trng, k hoch ch th ca gim c cng ty v ngh quyt ca lnh o cng ty, cc ph gim c lp k hoch cng tc hng tun, hng thng, hng qu... v lnh vc c phn cng lm cn c trin khai thc hin v qun l theo di. 2.2.3 Phng tng hp: - Tp hp lch cng tc hng tun, hng thng ca gim c, cc ph gim c cng ty. Chun b v t chc cc cuc hp, hi ngh tip khch theo nh k hoc t xut - Qun l thc hin ch lao ng nhn s, tin lng, bo him v cc ch khc ca Nh nc v ca cng ty, ch ng hoc xut lnh o gii quyt nhng pht sinh trong khi thc hin cng tc . - Tham mu cho gim c v vic sp xp b tr nhn s, t chc b my cng ty. Chun b k hoch tuyn dng, o to nng bc hng nm ca cng ty.

- Son tho lu tr h s, cc vn bn hnh chnh ca cng ty (cc cng vn, ch th, thng bo, quyt nh, quy nh...). Phi hp vi cc phng ban trong vic chun b v pht hnh cc vn bn thuc lnh vc cng tc c th. 2.2.3 Phng Kinh t - K hoch - K thut - Hoch nh k hoch, chin lc u t sn xut kinh doanh ngn hn, di hn ca cng ty trnh Gim c quyt nh, tham mu cho Gim c v nhng vn thuc lnh vc ph trch. -Kim tra theo di cp nht cc ti liu, thng tin, s liu v kinh t k hoch, khoa hc cng ngh, nhu cu th trng...lin quan n cc hp ng h s phng n v cc vn bn khc ca cng ty. m bo thng tin chnh xc, kp thi khch quan - Son tho qun l lu gi cc h s d n, phng n, lun chng kinh t k thut, hp ng kinh t v cc vn bn thuc lnh vc cng tc khc c giao theo yu cu ca Gim c cng ty. - Ch ng iu hnh cc hot ng sn xut kinh doanh trong phm vi nhim v c giao. Khi cng trnh xy dng c m ra cn c vo h s d thu v n gi trng thu chit tnh n gi v thuyt minh thi cng thc t trnh hi ng khon xt duyt. - Kim tra gim st v k thut, an ton lao ng. -L n v chu trch nhim ton b v lp d n u thu, thit k v kim tra gim st cng tc u thu. 2.2.4 Phng K ton - Ti v - Qun l ti chnh ca cng ty theo ng php lnh k ton thng k v cc quy nh hin hnh ca Nh nc v quy ch cng ty. - Phi hp vi cc phng ban chuyn mn t chc nghim thu, thanh quyt ton cc hp ng kinh t, lm cc bo co theo yu cu ca Gim c cng ty. - Qun l cung cp xc nhn s liu chng t lin quan n ti chnh cng ty phc v vic kim k, kim tra gim st trnh duyt theo v vic theo nh k hoc theo yu cu t xut. - Thc hin quyt ton hng nm theo quy nh chung. - Hng thng n c cc phng ban gi k hoch ti chnh trong thng ti v c trch nhim tp hp thnh bo co trnh Gim c ph duyt.

2.2.5 Cc chi nhnh xy lp: - Gim c chi nhnh trc tip m phn k kt, thc hin hp ng thi cng, xy lp v cc hp ng kinh t khc hoc theo u quyn ca Gim c cng ty. Chu trch nhim v hiu qu cht lng cng trnh thi cng v cc th tc theo quy nh xy dng c bn hin hnh. - Np y ng hn gi tr thu theo t l quy nh t vic thi cng cc cng trnh v cng ty. Trng hp gim c chi nhnh ngh gi li lm vn lu ng v c Gim c cng ty chp thun, chi nhnh phi c trch nhim bo ton vn v phi chu li sut cao nht bng li vay ngn hng cho khon vn li. - Hon thnh ngha v np thu v cc ngha v ti chnh khc vi Nh nc. m bo c ha n chng t hp l cho tt c cc chi ph phc v sn xut kinh doanh ca chi nhnh. Thc hin lu tr v bo qun chng t theo quy nh. - T iu tit vic tr lng, bo him, thc hin cng tc an ton lao ng cho cn b cng nhn vin ca chi nhnh theo quy nh hin hnh ca Nh nc. 2.2.6 Cc x nghip xy lp: - T chc ch o thi cng cc cng trnh do cng ty giao theo ng yu cu thit k m bo cht lng k thut, m thut, tin tha thun v an ninh trt t, an ton lao ng trong khu vc thi cng. - Ch ng khai thc v m rng th trng, m bo vic lm cho c b cng nhn vin. - Ch ng tm kim, khai thc cc ngun vt t t tiu chun k thut, cht lng, gi c hp l cung ng cho cc cng trnh. - Ch ng lp h s d thu v tham gia u thu cc cng trnh - Lp h s thanh quyt ton v trc tip lm vic v cng tc thanh ton vi ch u t. 2.2.7 Cc phng thi cng, i thi cng: - L n v thi cng chu trch nhim thi cng cc cng trnh ng yu cu thit k, m bo cht lng k thut, m thut, tin tha thun v an ninh trt t an ton lao ng trong khu vc thi cng. - C quyn hn v trch nhim nh cc x nghip xy lp 2.2 c im v t chc sn xut

Do c im ca sn xut xy dng phc tp v mt k thut, ko di v mt thi gian nn mi cng trnh cng ty u c mt ban ch nhim cng trnh ring. Ch nhim cng trnh iu hnh mi hot ng ti cng trng chu s gim st v nhn s h tr t Gim c, ph gim c v cc phng ban cng ty. Cc cn b ph trch k thut, kinh t, ti chnh, an ton, cc i thi cng c nhim v hon thnh cng vic c giao, chu s ch o, gim st ca ch nhim cng trnh. Vic t chc qun l v t chc sn xut ca cng ty gip hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty c thng sut, x l nhanh chng nhng s c xy dng m bo cht lng cng trnh, tin thi cng. Yu t ny gp phn nng cao kh nng thng thu ca cng ty trong thi gian qua.
3.c im v lao ng

Tnh n nm 2001 tng s cn b cng nhn vin m cng ty s dng gm 600 ngi trong : Trnh i hc tr ln Cng nhn k thut Trung cp Lm cng tc khc Tng s n v Ngi Ngi Ngi Ngi 1999 120 250 20 20 410 2000 150 300 28 22 500 2001 180 350 40 30 600

Vic tuyn chn cn b, o to cn b l mt cng vic c ban gim c c bit quan tm. Ngnh xy dng c cc c th ring v vy cn b c trnh k s hc chuyn ngnh v xy dng mi thc s ph hp vi cng vic ca cng ty. Cng ty xy lp vt t k thut khng ngng trau di kin thc ngnh xy dng, o to kt hp vi tch ly kinh nghim, trng thnh trong thc t dn dn cng ty ng vng trong c ch th trng. Vi quy m t chc sn xut, t chc qun l nh trn, cng ty c iu kin qun l cht ch v mt kinh t, k thut vi tng i sn xut, tng cng trnh do lm tng hiu qu sn xut thi cng, to uy tn nht nh trong ngnh xy dng. Mt khc vi i ng cn b, k s, cng nhn k thut lnh ngh c trnh cao, giu kinh nghim cng ty thc hin nhiu cng trnh ln nh n th cc Anh Hng

lit s huyn Hi Hu tnh Nam nh; Tr s U Ban Nhn Dn huyn Din Chu Ngh An;Nh sn xut chnh Nh my ch u Lu Yn Bi...
4.c im ca my mc thit b

Lnh o v cn b cng ty nm bt c tm quan trng ca my mc thit b xy dng trong vic m bo tin thi cng, t yu cu cht lng. bom tnh cnh tranh trn th trng cng ty xy lp vt t k thut ngay t u tp trng u t vo cc trang thit b, my mc k thut hin i, ch trng cng tc p dng tin b k thut v cng ngh lp rp. iu lm ni bt nng lc v thit b my mc ca cng ty, n m bo cho cng ty c th thc thi cc cng trnh nh cho n ln v phc tp. Nng lc mnh v my mc thit b c ngha quan trng i vi ch u t trong vic la chn cc nh u t chng t rng nh thu c nng lc thi cng cng trnh hay khng. T T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Thit b xy dng v my mc thi cng ca cng ty Tn thit b Nc sn Cng sut Thit b cng tc S xut ng c tn,m3 lng My i DT 75 Lin X 130CV 14T 03 My i Nht 155CV 17,1T 02 My xc bnh lp Nga 75CV 0,4 02 My xc bnh lp Hn Quc 115CV 0,4 - 0,6 m3 03 My xc bnh xch Nht 155CV 12,6T 01 My xc bnh xch Nht 123CV 14T 01 My san DZ 31 -1T Nga 100CV 2,6 m3 02 My san M 150CV 1,0 m3 01 My lu rung c 18T 01 My lu Nht 110CV 10T 02 My lu bnh thp Nga 110CV 10 03 My tri nha Atsphan Nht 02 My khoan cc nhi Nht 150CV D=2m,H=60m 02 My khoan cc nhi Singapo 145CV D=2m,H=60m 01 My khoan cc nhi Nht D=600mm,H=50 02 My xoay ng vch CN c 02 Ba ng cc Diedel T.Quc 5T 03 Xe bm b tng c 160CV Q=90m3/h, 03 P=71kg/cm2

T T 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Tn thit b

Nc sn xut

Cng sut ng c 180Cv 2,8Kw 4,5Kw 4,5Kw

Thit b cng tc tn,m3 6 m3 250 lt 300 lt 500 lt 200 lt

S lng 03 05 08 03 12 01 03 01 25 08 05 06

t vn chuyn b tng My trn b tng My trn b tng My trn b tng My trn b tng Cn cu bnh lp Cn cu bnh lp My pht in My hn My gia cng g My bm nc ngm My phun sn

Nht Nga Nht Nht T.Quc Nht Nga Nht Nga Nga- c TQ- Nht Nga

240Cv 150CV 133CV 15 - 24kw

10T 6,5T 100KVA 280 - 500 A

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

My ct un thp Bm cao p Cp pha thp Gio thp My dm cm tay t vn ti MAZ t vn ti thng t vn ti IFA My tri vi lc Phao thp lm k My vn thng Cn cu thiu nhi Cn cu thiu nhi Thit b th rng

Nga- Nht

D n 32mm

06 10

M2 M2

5.000 6.000 40

Nga

180CV

9T 8T 5T

02 06 06 02

Hn Quc 180CV c Nht Vit Nam Vit Nam Nht Vit Nam Vit Nam 115Cv

20T 500 kg 250 kg 200 kg 20 con/ca

30 08 05 10 02

45

My nhn bc

Nht

02

5. c im v vn v ti chnh Mt trong nng c im ni bt ca hot ng xy dng l thi gian ko di v khi lng cng vic ln cc doanh nghip xy dng thng phi ng trc mt s tin ln thc hin thi cng. V vy vn v ti chnh l mt vn ht sc quan trng th hin kh nng m bo thi cng cng trnh. V nhng l do m vn v vn v ti chnh lun c cng ty c bit quan tm. L mt cng ty c cng tc hch ton - b my k ton c sp xp b tr gn nh kim nhim nhm p ng yu cu bin ch gn nh v qun l tp trung . B my ti chnh k ton ca cng ty gm 9 ngi v mt s nhn vin thng k cc cng trnh thi cng S 2 : T chc b my k ton

Bng 3: Bng cn i k ton Ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2000 n v : 1.000 Cc ch tiu 1. Doanh s 2. Tng doanh thu 3. Tng ti sn c - Ti sn c lu ng 4. Tng ti sn n - Ti sn n lu ng 5. Li nhun trc thu 6. Li nhun sau thu 1998 71.610.819.035 56.326.708.094 45.947.646.232 39.327.090.607 45.974.646.232 32.728.530.694 505.762.223 379.072.223 1999 83.841.336.410 81.709.750.135 65.641.542.889 58.769.323.628 65.641.542.889 53.000.328.786 742.736.750 549.126.467 2000 113.969.994.386 112.073.186.150 74.740.044.545 67.724.093.021 74.740.044.545 59.155.170.788 2.161.293.316 1.620.969.987

Bng cn i k ton cho ta thy ti sn lu ng ca cng ty tng ln tng ng nm 2000 so vi nm 1999 l 137%. Ngng c mt c im cn lu l cc khon phi thu v cc khon phi thu lin tc trong c cu ti sn lu ng: 54% nm 1999 v 59% nm 2000. iu ny chng t c nhiu cng trnh bn giao nhng cha c ch u t thanh ton gy ng vn lu ng. Ti sn c nh ca cng ty ch yu l my mc thit b thi cng. c vn cho thi cng, cc n v thc s s dng hiu qu khi lng my mc thit b hin c, u t cho ti sn c nh ca cng ty trong nhng nm qua c qun l cht ch: Kinh ph u t cho ti sn c nh nm 2000 bng 102% nm 1999. Xt v c cu ngun vn th n phi tr ca cng ty chim t l kh hp l (nm 1999: 45%; nm 2000: 335 ). y l mt yu t rt thun li ca cng ty bi nu cng ty m bo c kh nng thanh ton th trnh c cc ri ro trong kinh doanh iu ny c th thy r hn trong cc ch tiu ti chnh ca cng ty.

Bng4: Mt s ch tiu ti chnh quan trng ca cng ty xy lp vt t thit b k thut hai nm 1999 -2000 Ch tiu TT Doanh thu xy lp (TR) Li nhun sau thu (TR) Kh nng thanh ton hin ti (TSK/N ngn hn) H s n (tng n/ tng ti sn) Doanh li tiu th sn phm (KN/ TR) % 0,04 0,038 tnh T ng T ng Ln Ln 40 1,6 1,7 0,45 46,4 1,74 2,45 0,33 n v 1999 2000

Nhng ch tiu ti chnh phn nh tng cc khon n phi tr ca cng ty chim t l thp so vi ngun vn. Trong cc khon n phi tr cha c cc khon vay di hn, iu ny chng t cng ty cha khai thc ht kh nng v vn, kh nng thanh ton ca mnh. Kh nng thanh ton hin ti ln chng t cng ty khng c ri ro v ti chnh (an ton ti chnh cao). iu ny cng c th hin rt r trong h s n ca cng ty (h s n rt thp). Mc d vy nhng li nhun thu c ca cng ty chim t l cha ln so vi mt s cng ty khc, tuy nhin i vi ngnh xy dng th t l l tng i. Cc ch tiu trn chng t cng ty bc u qun l tt chi ph. Song khi doanh thu tng t 40 t ng nm 1999 n 46 t ng nm 2000, th ch tiu doanh li tiu th sn phm gim t 0,04% xung 0,038%, do tng chi ph qun l. iu i hi cn nng cao hn na cng tc qun l chi ph gp phn tng li nhun cho cng ty. III. Tnh hnh tham gia cng tc u thu cng ty TNHH xy lp vt t k thut. Cng tc u thu l mt hot ng v cng quan trng, bi n khng ch lin quan n s tn ti v pht trin bn vng ca cng ty trong nn kinh t th trng, m n cn l vn gp phn n nh v pht trin x hi. Vi s i mi kinh t

c bit trong lnh vc xy dng c bn buc phi c mt quy ch u thu qan l mt cch thng nht, hiu qu hot ng u thu trong c nc. Cng ty xy lp vt t k thut l mt doanh nghip lin doanh, hoch ton c lp c kh nng tham gia u thu cc cng trnh, d n thuc lnh vc kinh doanh ngnh ngh mnh. Cng ty tham gia u thu vi t cch l mt nh thu c thit lp bi c quan lin doanh vi mt n v khc. Nhng thnh qu bc u ca cng ty t c l kt qa ca nhiu yu t song mt trong nhng y t quan trng hng u l cng ty ngy cng coi trng cng tc u thu. Cng tc u thu ca cng ty c th biu hin qua vic tham gia hot ng u thu ca mt cng trnh c th cng ty mi tin hnh. l gi thu xy dng nh 9 tng - i hc Kin trc H N. Khi bn mi thu c thng bo mi thu, cng ty xy lp vt t k thut nu mun tham gia u thu th phi c cn b n mua h s mi thu. Trc khi mua h s mi thu, cn b ca cng ty xem xt, nh gi yu cu ca gi thu c ph hp vi kh nng ca cng ty hay khng? nu thc hin n kh nng c li th nh thu phi tnh c tng i li nhun l bao nhiu.. Sau khi xem xt nh gi cc b cng ty mi mua h s mi thu. Sau y em xin trnh by quy trnh u thu ca cng t: Cng tc u thu ca cng ty TNHH xy lp k thut vt t c chia lm 2 giai on do 2 phng chc nng m nhim. Phng kinh doanh: chu trch nhim giai on tip th mua h s d th. Phng kinh t v phng k thut: chu trch nhim giai on lp, np h s d thu, k kt hp ng v giao khon. Ngoi th vic tham gia cng tc u thu ca cng ty TNHH xy lp k thut vt t coi trng gp phn ti s thng thu ca cng ty. 1. Cng tc mua h s d thu S pht trin ca nn kinh t th trng khng nm ngoi quy lut cnh tranh khc nhit. C ngha l cnh tranh va l ng lc thc y s pht trin, va l con ng dn n s dit vong ca cc n v yu km. Ngi ta ni rng cnh tranh trong cc doanh nghip xy dng khng nhng khc lit m cn gay gt hn mt s lnh vc khc. V vy, tn ti v pht trin cc doanh nghip xy dng phi tm cc bin php v phng thc p dng cho cc hot ng kinh doanh ca mnh.

Trc tnh hnh cng ty TNHH xy lp vt t k thut coi cng tc tip th v mua h s m thu l mt hot ng c rt quan trng gp phn ti s thng thu ca cng ty. Trong giai on mua h s mi thu th phng kinh doanh cn c nhim v tm hiu ngun thng tin v: - Ch u t. - Ban qun l d n cng trnh. - C quan lp d n. - Gii thiu uy tn, nng lc ca cng ty. Cng ty nh gi cao v i ng cc b "ngoi giao" trong cng tc gii thiu nng lc ca cng ty v tm hiu v cc yu t quan trng ca cc bn mi thu. Bi vy l nhng thng tin qu gi gp phn quyt nh n s thng thu ca cng ty. Trong cng tc tip th v mua h s mi thu ca cng ty, cc chi ph c thanh ton theo k hoch do gim c cng ty duyt. Ring quy nh v chi ph v l ph u thu theo quy ch u thu mi quy nh gip cng ty gim ng k chi ph mua h s mi thu. Trc y cng ty thng phi mua vi gi mt h s l 1.000.000 ng n 1.500.000 ng th nay thng nht l 500.000 ng. 2. Cng tc lp, np h s d thu v k kt hp ng Tip th hay vic nghin cu th mi thu nhm thu thp nhng thng tin ban u v cc vn lin quan n d n: - Ch u t, ch qun u, ban qun l d n nhm xc nh mc thun li trong u thu cng nh thi cng cng trnh c v k thut v ti chnh. - Ngun vn v quy m d n, c im k thut cng nh ti chnh nhm xc nh s ph hp ca yu cu xy dng v nng lc ca cng ty sm c cn c tham gia hoc ngc li. - Tranh th tm hiu mc nh gi chung ca th trng v nng lc ca cng tr xy lp vt t k thut nhm xc nh chnh xc hn cc chin lc trong cng tc lp h s d thu cng nh u thu. Cc thng tin tip th ny c ngha m ng cho vic lp h s d thu, tp trung khai thc cc th mnh m cc n v khc km hn cng nh bc u ti ra s ch v quan tm m ch u t i vi cng ty xy lp vt t k thut.

Sau khi mua h s mi thu, cng ty xem xt cc iu kin ca gi thu i vi n v d thu. Cng tc u thu i hi kht khe v thi gian cng nh s chnh xc v kt qu tnh ton, nn thng thng hon thnh mt h s d thu ton b cn b trong phng k thut c huy ng. Xem xt vn ny cng tc u thu xy dng nh 5 tng i hc Kin trc H Ni. L mt gi thu c t chc u thu hn ch vi nhng iu kin i vi nh thu l: - C quyt nh thnh lp doanh nghip - C ng k kinh doanh v chng ch hnh ngh xy dng c cp c thm quyn cp theo quyt nh 500/ BXD - CSXD ngy 18/9/1996 ca B trng B xy dng v ng k hot ng trn a bn H Ni. 2.1. Lp h s d thu C th ni rng y l cng vic quan trng nht quyt nh n kh nng thng thu ca cng ty. H s d thu th hin nng lc ca nh thu i vi bn mi thu v l cn c bn mi thu nh gi kh nng ca cng ty la chn nh thu. H s d thu i hi kin thc, nng lc, cng sc v thi gian rt nhiu nhm gip cho nh thu th hin c kh nng "tri" ca mnh trc hi ng chm thu. Ti cng ty TNHH xy lp vt t k thut trong qu trnh lp h s d thu c bit cn ch ti phn tch ri ro d n. Mc d trong iu l qun l u t v xy dng ban hnh km theo ngh nh 52/1999 N- CP ti iu 27 ni dung thm nh d n u t c cp: cc vn ri ro ca d n c th xy ra trong qu trnh u t. Nhng vn cha c mt nh ch pht l no cho vic qun l ri ro d n... Du vy, cng ty c im ny l rt ni bt lm tng thm im mnh ca mnh. Cng vi s m bo mt ngun vn ln i tc lin doanh, cng vi s gip c bit v mt kin thc ca cc chuyn gia nc ngoi. Khi lp mt h s d thu cn b lnh o ca cng ty phn tch ri ro v tm ra cch qun l n, iu ny th hin t khu: xc nh mc tiu n xc nh cc ri ro n lng ho cc ri ro, cho n vic gi quyt cc ri ro. Qun l ri ro trong xy dng gip lm tng hiu bit v d n mt cch cn k hn, to iu kin cho vic lp mt k hoch d n lin tc hn, chnh xc hn c v chi ph v thi gian. Vic tm hiu, phn tch v qun l ri ro trong xy dng, vi mc ch qun l ri ro c xc nh l yu t "thi gian" ca cng trnh ( tin thi cng); chi ph ca cng trnh ( gi thnh cng trnh) haycht lng cng trnh.

Trong h s d thu cng trnh xy dng nh 5 Trng i hc kin trc H Ni gm cc ni dung c bn sau: (1) Th mi thu. (2) n d thu. (3) Bn lnh d thu. (4) Cc phc lc khc. (5) Cam kt m bo vn thi cng. (6) Cc ti liu v doanh nghip. + Quyt nh thnh lp doanh nghip s 1942/CP do B k hoch v u t cp ngy 28/6/0997. + Giy php hnh ngh xy dng s 997/BX ngy 3/7/1998 ca B xy dng. + Bn gii thiu qu trnh hot ng, nng lc thi cng v sn xut ca doanh nghip. (7) Bng tnh gi thi cng (8) Quy trnh thi cng. (9) Tin thi cng. (10) Th gim gi. Trong h s mi thu ngi ta bc tch thnh tng nhm cng vic do cc nhm khc nhau thc hin. a. Nhm k thut Nhm k thut ca cng ty bc tch, tnh ton trn c s thit k k thut v bn v. Chu trch nhim v mt k thut v mt k thut, thc hin cc cng vic sau: * Da trn bn v thit k k thut trong h s mi thu bc tch khi lng cng vic cn lm. Nh thu phi hiu r cng vic no phi lm thng qua bng tin lng d ton chi tit. Thng qua bng ny nh thu c th tnh gi tr d thu. iu quan trng y l nhm k thut phi khng nh tin lng bao gm tt c cc cng vic phi lm trong qu trnh thi cng. Bi v, c nhng cng vic m nh thu khi tin

hnh tin lng cng vic khng c cho v vy nh th khi trng thu vn phi thc hin m bo cht lng cng trnh nh cam kt. * Cng tc chun b thi cng - Thi gian thi cng: Thi gian thi cng l mt bi ton quan trng cn c gii quyt trong h s d thu, n khng ch th hin nng lc nh thu trc ban chm thu m cn nh hng rt ln n chi ph v kt qu kinh doanh. Cng mt cht lng v khi lng thi cng, thi gian cng nh th chi ph cng nh. Tuy vy, thi gian thi cng khng phi l mt bi ton ch quan, n phu thuc rt nhiu yu t khch quan v ngu nhin: iu kin thi tit, s bt bnh ca th trng cung cp vt liu, s pht sinh yu cu v mt chng loi vt liu hay dch v c bit khng c sn, s chm ch hay mc thiu quan tm ca ca cc b my Nh nc, trong vn duyt thit k, duyt vn, duyt thanh ton... s thay i nhn lc bt li v hiu qu gii quyt cc cng vic trong qu trnh thi cng. Do yu t nh hng n thi gian thi cng xut l rt nhiu v khng kim sot ht c, vic tnh ton thi gian thi cng trong h s d thu ch c th cn c vo mt vi yu t c nh trn c s khi lng cng vic thc t, kh nng cng ngh v mt s d ton c tnh cht lng kinh nghim. Tuy nhin, thi gian thi cng n nay cha phi l iu kin rng buc khi n pht sinh bt li do nhng khch quan em li. Trn c s h s thit k k thut thi cng cng trnh, khi lng cc cng vic, iu kin thi cng, mt bng thi cng, yu cu cht lng v thi gian i hi hon thnh cng trnh cng nh khi lng my mc, ngun nhn lc ca cng ty c th huy ng cho cng trnh m nhm k thut tnh ton thi gian ti u nht. - Chun b mt bng; Vic chun b mt bng bao gm: - Ph d cc cng trnh c. - Dn dp, vn chuyn. - To mt bng v chun b thi cng - Xc nh ngun in, nc, in thoi..

Tt c cc nh tm, ph thi, c rc hin c trn mt bng cng trnh s c tin hnh thu dn sch s. Sau khu vc cng trnh s c ro li bng hng ro chuyn dng bng tn bo v v ngn tng i c lp gia khu cng trnh v khu sinh hot. m bo an ton cho mi ngi. Chun b ngun in, nc cho cng trnh. - D kin nhn lc: Nhn lc thc hin cho thi cng cng trnh c tnh ton theo cng thc: N= Gi.Ni T

Trong : N: Nhn lc trung bnh trong 1 ngy. Gi: Khi lng xy lp th 1. Ni: nh mc cng nhn ( M 56/ BXD - VKT) Chi cho cng tc xy lp th 1. T: Tng tin thi cng. + S lng nhn lc c bin ch lm nhiu i. - i vn chuyn bc d vt t, ph thi, o t v lao ng ph thng khc. - Cc i thi cng phn th. - Cc i hon thin. * Tnh ton khi lng my mc cn huy ng cho cng trnh: Tu theo tng cng trnh, yu cu v thi gian m nhm k thut tnh ton khi lng my mc cn thit huy ng sao cho m bo hon thnh cng trnh trong iu kin hin c. Tnh ton khi lng my mc c huy ng; - Chi ph my thi cng l chi ph chim t trng ln trong tng ln nht l i vi cng trnh cao tng, kt cu ln. - Tit kim chi ph ny c thc hin trn c s yu cu thc t ca tng cng vic cng nh c cng trnh v nng lc thit b hin c. Vic tnh ton khi lng my phi c lp k hoch c th, danh mc thit b chi tit, ngun huy ng cng nh d phng trong trng hp cn thit.

S lng my mc cn huy ng cho cng trnh c th hin danh sch my mc thit b d kin a vo cng trnh. l khi lng my mc thit b sn sng c a vo s dng khi trng thu. * Bin php thi cng: - Xc nh tuyn thi cng: thng thng cng trnh thi cng c xc nh r hai tuyn. V d i vi cng trnh nh 5 tng tng cng ty ch Vit Nam - Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni. 1. Phn th v hon thnh trong c thi cng t di ln trn (tng 1 n tng 5). 2. Phn hon thin ngoi nh thi cng t trn xung (t tng 5 n tng1) Nhm k thut cn c trn c s H s thit b k thut nhng yu cu trong h s mi thu v nhng cn c thc t cng trnh, thc t nng lc cng ty... m a ra bin php thi cng thch hp. Bin php thi cng c th hin trn: - Bn v bip php thi cng cng trnh. - Thuyt minh bin php thi cng. - Bip php bo m an ton lao ng. Nhng bip php thi cng ny c th khi trng thu cn phi gii thch nu c yu cu bn mi thu. thy r cng vic ny ca nhm k thut ra phn tch bip php thi cng cng trnh nh 5 tng tng cng tr ch Vit Nam - trng i hc kin trc H Ni. 2.1.1. Trnh t thi cng * Cng tc ph v, thu dn mt bng chun b thi cng. Sau khi nhn bn giao mt bng, n v thi cng s ro ton b khu vc thi cng cng trnh bng hng ro tn, sau dng my i ph ht cc loi tri, nh tm hin c cng trnh, ch t trt i ch khc v dn quanh mt bng. nh v dng my o c nh v li cc ca cng trnh, tp kt thit b, vt t, nhn cng vo cng trnh, cng on ny thc hin nhanh chng. * p cc vo lm mng. * Xy b pht, b nc, lp h mng. * Thi cng phn th thn nh.

* Gia cng, dng ca, hoa st, lan can, tay vn, li thp. * Lp dng h thng cp thot nc trong nh,thit b v sinh * Cng tc hon thin. * Cng tc quet dn vi ve, sn ca vecni. * Cng tc lp t h thng in. * Cng tc lm h rnh ngoi, dn v sinh bn giao cng trnh. 2.1.2. Cc gii php tiu biu trong h s. a. Gii php vn chuyn vt t ni b. Vn chuyn vt t trong cng trnh ch yu bng xe y mt bnh, xe ci tin c ng cao v vn thng c sc nng 1000 kg v kt hp vi xe cn cu t hnh va tit kim va tin li. b. Gii php m bo v nng cao cht lng cng trnh. - Trc khi thi cng cn b k thut phi kim tra chc chn thit k v thc t hin trng nhm php hin ra sai st v x l kp thi mi thay i thit k, b sung v thm bt. - Tt c cc vt liu trc khi a vo thi cng s trnh mu m, kim tra th nhim cht lng v phi c bn A chp nhn. - Tun th nghim ngt cc giai on nghim thu nht l cc vt liu chn b tng ngm trong b tng trc khi thi cng giai on tip theo. - Tt c cc cng on thi cng phi c bin php thi chi tit c duyt v khi thi cng phi tun th cc bin php . - Trn cng trng phi lm v sinh cng nghip hng ngy, khng vt liu ba bi, c v tr tp kt vt t tha v chuyn i ni khc. - Tun th k thut ca bn A a ra. c. Bin php bo m tin thi cng cng trnh. - Lp tng tin thi cng cng trnh trn c s khoa hc v thc t, kh thi. - Cn c vo tng tin lp ra tin thi cng cho tng thng. - Cn c vo tng tin thi cng v tin thi cng trong thng, Ban ch nhim cng trnh lp k hoch thi cng cho tng tun.

d. Ngoi ra n cn c bin php m bo an ninh v cho cc cng trnh k cn v cc cng trnh cng cng. * Nhm kinh t cng ty TNHH xy lp vt t k thut phng k hoch c nhim c rt quan trng l thc hin cc cng vic c th sau: - Xc nh danh mc cng trnh. - Lp s t chc cng trnh. - Tnh gi t on d thu. * Xc nh danh mc chng loi vt t. Vt t c da vo cng trnh theo ng yu cu quy nh ca h s mi thu v trc khi thi cng cng trnh u xut trnh chng ch kim nhim ca ni sn xut hoc ca ni kim tra. Phi bo m nhng loi vt t ch yu m nh thu s dng khi trng thu. Vt t a vo cng trnh thng c phn lm hai nhm; b.1. Nhm vt t bn thnh phm ca hon thin v vt t k thut. * Lp h s t chc cng trng. S c lp phi ch r: + Danh mc cn b ch cht tham gia cng trnh. + Danh mc cc cng nhn huy ng cho d n. + Nhng ai l ngi ph trch tr s, ai l ngi ph trch ti cng trnh v lc lng khi cn thit. * Tnh gi tr d ton d thu. Hin nay cng tc xc nh gi d ton dh thu ca cng ty c xc nh trn c s: - Khi lng theo tin lng trong h s mi thu. - n gi 1736/QUB ngy 23 thng 8 nm 1994 ca UBND thnh ph H Ni v thng bo 712/TB - VLXD. -Tnh d ton theo nh mc xy dng c bn s 1242/1998/Q - BXD ngy 25/11/1998.

-Mt s vt t khng c trong n gi tnh theo thng bo gn nht ca a phng. - Thu VAT tnh theo thng t s 106/1999/ TT - BTC ngy 30/08/1999 ca B ti chnh. - Bin php t chc thi cng Gi d ton d thu ca cng ty c xc nh theo tng hng mc cng trnh. Gi d thu cho ton b cng trnh tng hp theo bng. STT 1 . n Gi d thu Tn hng mc Hng mc x Gi d ton 10.000.000

Vic tnh gi d ton d thu c th khi qut theo s sau (s 3) Trong : - n gi tng hp c xc nh chi tit trn bng chi tit tnh n gi trc thu. - Gi d thu cha c gim gi ( gi d thu y ) l mc gi c ghi chnh thc trong n d thu. n xin gim gi d thu tu tng trng hp m bn mi thu c th chp nhn th mc gi c dng nh gi h s d thu v k kt hp ng s l gi tr d thu sau gim gi. gim gi (trong phm vi an ton) nhm tng cnh tranh v gi trong h s d thu, n gim gi c lp trn c s: 1/ Chi ph khu hao TSC, cng c dng c thp do c rt nhiu thit b khu hao ht hoc mc khu hao thp. 2/ Chi ph qun l thc t l rt nh do: - Cn b trc tip thi cng c kinh nghim, s lng cn b b tr khng cn nhiu. - Khong cch gia a im thi cng v cng ty l nh th vic h tr k thut, hon cng, nghim thu thun tin.

3/ i ng cng nhn lnh ngh ng o c th m ng khi lng cng vic ln v phc tp. 4/ Th trng cung cp vt liu tt v n nh, c xc nh t trc. 5/ Bin php thi cng v cc gii php khc c p dng thun li i vi cng trnh c th ny. n xin gim gi d thu ca cng ty cn c vo yu t sau y: 1. Do n v thi cng c nng lc ln v thit b my mc, trong c cc thit b ang s dng tt song thc hinh ga tr khu hao ht do c th tit kim trong chi ph my thi cng. 2. Do n v c h thng dn gio, ct pha vn s dng tt song chi ph khu hao ht nn gim ng k chi ph ct pha trong thi cng. 3. Do n v thi cng c b dy kinh nghim trong cng tc qun l thi cng, lc lng cng nhn lnh ngh chim t l cao, do c th tit kim c chi ph chung. 4. Tit kim chi ph thu nhp trc thu Ngoi ra vic gim gi ca cng trnh cn do vt s nguyn nhn khc na nh; - Tn dng s lng vt liu cn tn kho - Cng ty ang c chin lc m rng th trng. S 3: S tnh gi u thu cng trnh xy dng ****************** C th thy r cng tc xc nh gi d thu ca cng ty qua v d sau: Tnh gi d thu ca cng trnh X - hng mc M - Khi lng cc cng vic c tnh ton v th hin r trong bng tin lng d ton chi tit (bng5)

Bng5: Bng tin lng d ton chi tit - cng trnh X - hng mc M

TT Va 1 nh mc n gi

Ni dung cng vic

n v

Khi lng

Va b tng sn xut bng my trn, bng th cng, b tng sn mi, va mc 200, 1x2 Cng tc sn xut lp dng ct thp b tng ti ch, ct thp sn mi cao < 1,6m, ng knh 10m

M3

- n gi tng hp c xc nh chi tit trn bng chi tit tnh n gi trc thu. - Gi d ton d thu c tng hp trn bng d ton d thu (bng 6) Bng6: Bng d ton d thu - cng trnh X - hng mc M
STT 1 Thnh phn hao ph n gi Khi lng 1500 GTTH 711.017 Thnh tin 711017

Va b tng sn xut bng my trn M3 - bng th cng, b tng sn mi mc 200, 1x2 Cng tc sn xut lp dng ct thp b tng tn ti ch, ct thp sn mi cao < 16m ... R < 10m Tn Tng cng GT cha thu Thu VAT 10% Tng cng GT tnh thu

1500

6809976

6809976 7520993 7520993 8273092,3

c. Hon thnh h s d thu Cc nhm tp hp kt qu v kim tra ln cui m bo: + Ch k trn tng trang + Ghi r s bn sao v bn gc + S trang, trnh t cc mc hay cc yu cu khc ca h s mi thu 2.2. Lp h s mi thu H s d thu sau khi lp xong c gi n hi ng xt thu. H s d thu nh 5 tng tng cng ty ch Vit Nam c gi i ngy 20/3/1998 tc l trong thi

gian np thu. V vy, h s d thu l hp l mt thi gian. H s d thu c gi thng qua ng bu in. 2.3. Thi gian u thu n thi im m nh thu cng b trong h s mi thu tc l 14h ngy 28/03/1998, hi ng mi thu t chc mi thu i din ca cng ty xy lp vt t thit b k thut cng i din ca cc n v tham gia u thu khc d xt thu, lm r mt s thc mc ca hi ng xt thu. Hi ng xt thu sau khi xem xt cc tiu chun tin b c tnh, tiu chun ti chnh ca cc h s d thu nht tr ra quyt nh cui cng cng ty xy lp vt t thit b k thut l mt nh thu c chn. 1.4. K kt hp ng sau khi trng thu. Khi c thng bo trng thu ca ch u t. Ngy 30/03/1998, i din ca cng ty cng vi ch u t k kt hp ng kinh t giao nhn thu thi cng cng trnh nh 5 tng tng cng ty ch Vit Nam. Ni dung ca hp ng phn nh ng nhng cam kt ca hai bn trong qu trnh u thu. Ni dung ca hp ng bao gm: - Cc ti liu km theo (l mt phn) bn hp ng kinh t. - i tng ca hp ng. - Yu cu v s lng, cht lng, chng loi, quy cch m thut cng trnh. - Nghim thu cng trnh. - Phng thc v iu kin thanh ton. - Bo hnh cng trnh. Ngoi ra ni dung ca hp ng cn c iu khon trch nhim v cam kt ca bn k nhn hp ng, bin php bo m vic k kt hp ng: phm vi hp ng: x l hp ng: nhng b sung, iu chnh hp ng, hu b hp ng: cam kt ca ch u t. Ni dung ca hp ng c k kt phi ph hp vi h s u thu, nu c thay i, iu chnh g so vi h s u thu th phi do ngi c thm quyn quyt nh u t v phi c chp nhn khng c sa i nhng yu t c bn nh hng n ni dung ca h s u thu v kt qu u thu.

IV. nh gi v qu trnh tham gia u thu cng ty xy lp vt t thit b k thut. 1. Nhng thun li ca cng ty trong lnh vc u thu - Cng ty l mt doanh nghip c lp, c iu kin tham gia u thu m khng chu s ch o ca c quan cp trn no. iu ny to ra s thng thong cho vic thit lp quan h lm n vi cc bn hng, to ra tnh t ch, nng ng ca cng ty. Khi tham gia hot ng u thu, cng ty c th t do iu chnh hnh vi ca mnh m khng cn xin php ai. - Cng ty c th mnh nng lc cc loi: Ti chnh, k thut, nhn s. Hi ng xt thu s nh gi cc nng lc ti chnh, k thut v cho im. Nu nng lc cng cao th kh nng trng thu cng ln. Nhng nng lc cng tc ng rt ln n qu trnh thc hin d n sau khi trng thu. Khi cng ty thc hin tt cam kt th li nhun m cng ty thu c s ln ln v uy tn s tng ln. - i ng cn b m nhim cng tc u thu ca cng ty c trnh v kin thc vng vng, c th nhanh chng nm bt c thng tin t pha ngi mi thu, nhanh chng lp h s d thu v a ra cc quyt nh p ng c cc yu cu ca hi ng xt thu. - L cng ty lin doanh nn s h tr v cng ngh l c sn t nc ngoi c t th tham gia cc cng trnh c vn ln, yu cu k thut cao: c my mc v thit b tt. Nh nhng thun li trn cng ty t c nhng kt qu quan trng l: + S lng cng trnh trng thu, c gi tr ln ngy cng nhiu gp phn em li li nhun cho cng ty. C th, l trong nm 2000 cng ty nhn thm c nhiu cng trnh c kinh ph ln nh: Nh my nha ho cht PVC, k tc x hc sinh, sinh vin (thnh ph HCM), chung c Bnh Trung. + Cng tc lp h s d thu c ci thin thm mt bc. Bin php thi cng c in hnh ho cho tng cng vic nh bin php ct pha trn, bin php lp dng panen,... Cc bin php bo m an ton tin thi cng, cht lng cng trnh lun c cng ty coi trng trong h s d thu. Vic t chc thi cng, cc bin php m bo an ninh thch hp vi tng cng trnh. Cc mc gi thch hp ph hp vi thc t thi cng t nng cao thm cht lng h s d thu ca cng ty, nng cao cnh tranh v rt ngn thi gian lp h s d thu.

+ Th trng xy dng ca cng ty ngy cng m rng. Nu nh khi mi thnh lp, th trng ca cng ty ch gii hn trong th trng H Ni th nay nh thc hin tt cng tc u thu c m rng ra nhiu tnh pha bc nh: tr s UBNN huyn Hng H - Thi Bnh; vic kim st nhn dn tnh Ho Bnh; tr s th u H ng... ngoi ra cng ty cn m rng th trng xy dng sang cc thnh ph ln min nam nh thnh ph HCM, cc tnh min trung nh Nng, Qung Ngi... T nhng thun li trn cng ty thu c nhng kt qu ng k trong thi gian qua. c th hin s cng trnh trng thu ngy cng tng gp phn em li li nhun cho cng ty. S cng trnh trng thu trong hai nm qua Tn ch tiu S cng trnh d thu S cng trnh trng thu Gi tr thng thu T ng n v 1999 36 6 107 2000 50 8 130 Tc tng (ln) 1,38 1,33 1,21

Nm 1999 cng ty trng thu 6 cng trnh. S lng cng trnh trng thu nm 2000 l 8 tc l tng so vi nm 1999. V mt gi tr nm 1999 gi tr trng thu ca cng ty l 107 tt ng th nm 2000 con s tng ng l 130 t ng tng 0,21 ln so vi nm 1999. S cng trnh trng thu v gi tr trng thu ngy cng tng gp phn mang li li nhun ngy cng cao cho cng ty iu ny c th hin qua bo co tng kt cc nm ca cng ty. Bng 7: Mt s ch tiu thc hin trong cc nm 1999- 2000 (Trch bo co tng kt cc nm) Ch tiu n v tnh 1999 55 2000 62 - Gi tr tng sn lng T ng trong - Gi tr sn xut xy lp - Doanh thu xy lp - Thu np NS - Li nhun thc hin T ng 40 0,4 1,6 46,4 0,58 1,74

Li nhun thc hin nm 1999 tng 109% so vi nm 2000 2. Nhng tn ti trong hot ng tham gia u thu ca cng ty. Bn cnh nhng thun li, cng ty cng gp phi rt nhiu kh khn trong hot ng u thu: - Th nht, l s cnh tranh mnh m t pha cc nh thu, c bit l nhng nh thu quc t. y mnh cnh tranh, cc cng ty khng ngng y mnh i mi my mc thit b, cng ngh. V tr sc p ca cc nh thu ny rt ln. Hn na h li c tim nng ti chnh rt ln v h s s dng trit cc tim lc ny. C khng t cng ty tham gia u thu v khi trng thu s bn li cho cc nh thu khc, iu ny s gy kh khn cho nhiu nh thu khc trong c cng ty xy lp vt t k thut. i vi nhng nh thu quc t hot ng ng Nam t trc v h u t nhiu my mc thit b, c b dy kinh nghim v l thu chuyn nghip nn trong u thu quc t h l nhng i th nng k nht. Gi b thu ca h s thp do s dng my mc thit b t cc nc ng Nam chuyn sang. iu ny th c li cho cc nh u t nhng li gy kh khn cho cc nh thu trong nc. - Th hai, i vi cc d n thu a phng, bn mi thu mc d c t chc u thu rng ri nhng vn c mt s u tin i vi nh thu a phng h, do cc nh thu c v tr thun li v a l, am hiu v nguyn vt liu, c iu kin xem xt k lng cng trnh. S cng bng i vi cc nh thu a phng s to ra s khng cng bng, gy kh khn cho cc nh thu khc. Mt khc yu cu i vi nhng d n xa tr s ca cng ty nhng li yu cu phi nm tht chc yu cu d n, phi nghin cu tm hiu khi tham gia u thu, th cng ty s rt kh khn nu tham gia u thu cc gi thu ny s rt tn km chi ph cho vic i li, nghin cu. - Th ba, l i vi vic c ton k thut v c lng gi thnh. Bn mi thu thng ch cung cp cho nh thu bn thit k v cc thng tin vi yu cu ca d n cng trnh. V vy tham gia u thu cc nh thu ni chung v cng ty xy lp vt t k thut ni ring phi bc tch bn v, tnh ton chi tit cu kin t c lng gi thnh. Cc cng on trn i hi phi tn nhiu cng sc, thi gian v i hi phi c nhiu ngi c trnh , c kh nng mi thc hin c. - Th t, l cng tc qun l cc chi ph sn xut ca cng ty vn cha p ng c cng vic t ra. S liu k ton vn cn c nhng sai lm, cng tc thanh ton ca bn A cn s sut gy tht thot v ti chnh nh hng ti hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh, hn ch kh nng cnh tranh ca cng ty trong cng tc u thu.

D c nhiu c gng song tin thi cng, gi d ton d thu ca cng ty vn cn cha st vi yu cu thc t. Xt kt qu xt thu cng trnh xy dng bnh vin a khoa tnh Bc Cn. Ta c th hiu c iu ny. * Kt qu m thu
TT n v tham gia d thu Tin thi cng (ngy) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cty XD v trang tr ni tht Bch ng Cty Tb xy lp vt t k thut Cng ty XD Hoa Cty XD c gii v XD 12 C ty XD Bc cn C ty cng trnh * Kt qu trng thu: Cng ty XD H Nu nh cng ty H trng thu vi thi gian thi cng l 130 ngy, gi tr trng thu l 1818,93 triu th thi gian thi cng, gi tr d thu tng ng ca cng ty TNHH VINAUST l 162 ngy v 1862 triu. 3. Mt s nguyn nhn dn n s tn ti ca cng ty 3.1. Nguyn nhn khch quan Nn kinh t nc ta vn cn chu s tc ng suy thoi kinh t khu vc nn gy kh khn cho cng ty trong vic pht trin, m rng th trng. Thm vo , vic p dng quy ch u thu mi lm cho tnh cnh tranh gi c trong cc gi thu cng khc lit, gy kh khn v vic tnh ton gi d ton gi thu. iu lm cho kh nng thng thu ca cng ty gim xung. 3.2. Nguyn nhn ch quan: - Th nht, vic lp gi d thu cn cha st thc t, vn la chn mc gi b thu cn linh hot lm gim kh nng cnh tranh ca cng ty. - Th hai, cng ty c mt nng lc mnh v my mc, thit b nhng vic s dng khng hiu qu khi lng my mc thit b, ny dn n chi ph thi cng b tng ln. Hn ch cng ty a ra mc gi d thu hp dn. 150 162 130 157 161 Kt qu Gi b thu (Triu ng) 2.022 1.972 1.935 1.678 1.970 Gim gi (triu ng) 14,302 78,88 116,07 0 53,19 Gi sau gim gi (Triu ng) 1877,698 1893,12 1818,93 1678 1916,8

- Th ba, vn lu ng ca cng ty lun chuyn chm, hn ch cng ty mnh dn a ra nhng bin php cnh tranh trong u thu. - Th t, cng ty TNHH xy lp vt t k thut cha thc s tn dng ht ngun vn h tr cng ty m KANSUN a vo hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca mnh. Mt khc cng ty lun c s quan tm ca cc chuyn vin c nhiu nm kinh nghim nc ngoi, sn sng t vn, gip nhng s khai thc ny l cha trit ng v pha cng ty TNHH xy lp vt t k thut. - Th nm, tuy qun l ri ro d n c cn b lnh o cng ty a vo nhm tr gip a ra d ton hp l. Song vn ny cha c s quan tm ng vi tm quan trng ca n.

Chng III
Mt s gii php nhm nng cao kh nng thng thu ca cng ty xy lp vt t k thut- h ni I. Phng hng pht trin ca cng ty trong thi gian ti Sau nhiu nm hot ng vi nhng thnh qu t c ng k, bn cnh nhng kh khn gp phi cng ty xy lp vt t k thut chun b cho mnh mt quyt tm bc vo th k 21. Thi gian qua do nh hng ca cuc khng hong ng Nam ngnh xy dng cng b hn ch rt nhiu. n nm 2001 du hiu cho thy cc nc ang dn dn phc hi, tuy nhin nn kinh t nc ta vn cn gp nhiu kh khn th thch. Cc ngun vn u t trong v ngoi nc vn cn hn ch cng lm cho tnh cnh tranh trong nhn thu xy lp gay gt hn. ng vng tn ti v pht trin cng ty xy lp vt t k thut d kin phng hng trong thi gian ti nh sau: 1. Tip tc lnh mnh ha ti chnh bng cch nng cao hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh v tng cng cc bin php qun l ti chnh. 2. Tip tc nghin cu u t chiu su ph hp vi qu trnh m rng sn xut, tng cng nng lc thi cng ca cng ty, tng cng kh nng cnh tranh trn th trng. 3. u t vo khoa hc k thut nhiu hn na, p dng tin b khoa hc k thut vo sn xut nhm nng cao cht lng cng trnh v p ng tin thi cng, m bo an ton v sinh lao ng nhm nng cao uy tn v nng lc ca cng ty. 4. Tip tc kin ton li t chc sn xut nng cao hiu qu ca b my qun l, nht l cc n v trc thuc cng ty. Quan tm n cng tc o to nng cao nng lc chuyn mn, nghip v, tay ngh cho cn b cng nhn vin trong ton cng ty. 5. Tng cng cng tc tip th, m rng thm ngnh ngh v a bn hot ng, trong c bit quan tm n cng trnh h tng, thy li, phn u cho thu nhp ca ngi lao ng.

Theo phng hng v nhim v trn da vo nng lc hin c cng ty d kin nhim v c th nm 2002 nh sau: * Cc ch tiu ch yu Tng gi tr sn lng Trong : Gi tr xy lp Tng doanh thu Np cc khon ngn sch Li nhun Lng bnh qun u ngi/ thng * Ti chnh: Hon chnh quy ch ti chnh, nng cao mt bc k nng hch ton tp trung, a cng tc qun l thu nhp chng t hch ton vo n np, c bit l quan tm n cng tc qun l chi ph sn xut, bo m cung cp vn cho sn xut kinh doanh. * K thut Chun b cc iu kin p ng tiu chun cng trnh m bo theo yu cu a dng ca ch u t, bo m an ton v sinh lao ng. II. Mt s gii php nhm nng cao kh nng thng thu ca cng ty ng trc s pht trin t nc v c s h tng, cc cng ty xy dng c thnh lp ngy cng tng v pht trin. Cng trnh xy dng th c hn, v vy u thu xy lp ngy nay khng cn l th tc thun ty m tr thnh mt vn quan trng mang tnh cnh tranh trong cc DN xy dng. Bt k mt cng ty xy dng no gii quyt c thnh cng vn u thu l gii quyt c vn c vic lm, c li nhun v s pht trin. D cng ty xy lp vt t k thut c nhiu c gng trong cng tc u thu song vn cn mt s hn ch. Do , nng cao kh nng thng thu cng ty cn c mt s gii php sau: 1. Gii php 1: Tham gia hip hi cc nh thu Trn thc t hin nay Vit Nam vn u thu cn mang tnh hnh thc. V vy, mt mnh c lp n phng hot ng trn th trng dnh ly cng trnh l mt vic v cng kh khn. Bi v mt cng trnh xy dng thng thng bo l u thu rng ri. Nh vy s lng n v mun tham gia u thu l rt nhiu,

thng thu i hi cng ty phi c mt nng lc c bit mnh nhm a ra mc gi thu thp nht. Mt khc, cc nh thu s kn ca nhau lm cho gi d thu gim xung dn n li nhun s rt thp. Khi tham gia hip hi cc nh thu th ta hiu vi nhau rng y s c s thng lng, gp phn gim c kh nng cnh tranh ca i phng trong gii hn mt s cng trnh, gi d thu c th s c nng ln hng lot. Vic tham gia hip hi cc nh thu nhm to ra s thng nht v gi d thu (v pha ngi bn hng) lun m bo mc li nhun an ton cho n v thng thu. Trnh c c bn tnh trng cc n v d thu h gim gi d thu xung mc thp nht gy nn tnh trng gi sn xut xung mc qu thp. iu ny c li cho ch u t nhng hn ch s pht trin ca cc nh thu Vic tham gia hip hi cc nh thu, tuy nhin khng phi s thng nht cc nh thu m n ch phc v cho vic thng nht gii hn gi c th chp nhn c pha cc nh thu nhng n vn c s cnh tranh bnh thng gia cc n v tham gia u thu. V vy mi quan h gia cc n v khng phi l mi quan h m v ch c thng qua nhng ngi c trch nhim, ch trao i trong gii hn nhm bo v thng tin khc s a ra trong H s d thu. 2. Gii php 2: Hon thin cng tc tnh gi d thu Yu t xc nh gi d thu l yu t quan trng nht m tt c cc cng ty xy dng ni chung v cng ty xy lp vt t k thut ni ring c bit ch , l s cnh tranh gay gt v gi. Mt mt ca yu t l: - Tin b khoa hc k thut trong xy dng chm pht trin v kh gi c b mt. - Tnh d dng tham gia vo th trng xy dng - S lng cc doanh nghip ln v hu ht c quy m nh. Nhng mt khc cn do nhng thay i trong quy nh ca Nh nc. Nu nh trc y cc H s d thu c nh gi theo tng tiu chun (k thut, kinh nghim, cht lng nh thu, ti chnh gi c thi cng) sau tng hp nh gi ton din. Bn mi thu s dng gi xt thu, gi sn do ch u t d kin trc xt thu th nay theo quy ch mi ( Ngh nh 88). Bn mi thu khng c s dng gi xt thu, gi sn m s dng gi gi thu theo k hoch u thu c duyt. Sau bc nh gi k thut nh thu trng thu l nh thu c nh gi thp nht. iu c ngha l khng c mc gi c th (d ch l d ton) cng ty xc nh mc

gi d thu ca mnh nh trc. V yu t gi ngy cng quan trng trong xt thu. Do thng thu khng c cch no khc cong ty phi c mt chin lc gi c th tranh thu phi ln trang tri chi ph v bo m li nhun mc tiu nhng phi nh kh nng trng thu cao nht. t c iu ny trc tin cng ty phi iu chnh li cch tnh gi d ton xy lp cng trnh. Cho n nay vic chn gi d thu ca cng ty vn s dng n gi a phng. Trong nhiu trng hp gi a phng khng phn nh ng s bin i gi lin tc trn th trng lm cho gi d thu ca cng ty hoc qu cao hoc qu thp dn n thua l nu trng thu. Nhn chung, do gii hn v cch tnh gi l vic tnh gi c thc hin trn c s nh mc, n gi ca Nh nc, n gi vt liu ca a phng thc cht cng l do Nh nc ban hnh dn n kt qu tnh gi cng b hn ch, do cc quy nh ca Nh nc thng ban hnh rt chm v khc xa so vi s bin ng v gi c, chng loi vt t, cng ngh xy dng trn th trng. S hn ch ny gy nh hng rt ln n thu nhp (trong trng hp cng ty thng thu) do chnh lch v gi. m bo an ton, n v tham gia u thu phi xut pht t kh nng thc t v vic cung cp vt t, nhn cng, thit b, cc dch v sn c khc ti a im ni xy dng cng trnh so snh vi yu cu v c im thit k ca ch u t. Thng tin v kh nng thc t ny phi l thng tin chc chn v c cp nht hng ngy. Cc thng tin ny gip nh thu bit c chnh xc phm vi cho php v gi nhm iu chnh gi tham d thu hp l tu theo tng loi cng trnh cng nh ty theo mc cnh tranh i vi tng gi thu, tng d n. Trong mt s trng hp c bit, a phng ni xy dng khng c mt hay mt vi vt liu tha mn yu cu thit k. Thng tin v ngun v gi cung cp ngy cng quan trng hn i vi cc nh thu. Chi ph vt liu ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t: s lng nh cung cp tnh ph bin ca vt liu, khong cch v s thun li ca giao thng, cht lng vt liu, tin cy ca ngi bn hng, nhn cng... khc phc c tnh trng gi d thu qu thp hoc qu cao, cng ty a ra cc d thu ring ca mnh trn c s iu chnh cch xc nh n gi tng hp bng cch cp nht thng xuyn gi nhng nguyn vt liu kp thi nm bt nhng ngun thng tin v gi. Mun vy mt cng trnh d thu cng ty cn phi:

- Nghin cu k c im cng trnh, c im iu kin kh hu, a hnh khu vc. - Nghin cu k th trng xy dng, mng li cung ng nguyn vt liu ti cng trnh, a phng, khu vc ln cn, mng li giao thng vn ti. - Nghin cu k ngun lao ng a phng. Ngoi ra vic gim gi d thu ca cng ty cn ch yu da trn nhng yu t bn trong nh: kh nng tit kim chi ph chung, chi ph my thi cng, chi ph ct pha...m b qua cc yu t bn ngoi nh: nhng thun li v gi c vt liu hay a hnh cng trnh thun li cho thi cng...Do vy, nhiu khi c gim gi nhng gi d thu ca cng ty vn cao. khc phc iu ny cng vi vic nghin cu cng trnh d thu nhm k thut cn ch nhng chi ph c th gia tng hay chi ph c th gim thc s v c th tn gi thu hay gim bao nhiu m vn m bo cng ty khng b thua l v c li. Trong chin lc gi, cng ty nn phn loi th trng theo yu t a l thnh th trng xy dng thnh th, th trng xy dng nng thn c th a ra mc gi hp l cho tng khu vc hay phn loi th trng theo tng loi xy dng thnh th trng xy dng dn dng, th trng xy dng cng nghip. Bi mi loi th trng c yu cu v cng ngh, k thut khc nhau m cu thnh gi c xy dng cng rt khc nhau. Tuy nhin chin lc gi ca cng ty khng nht thieets bao gi cng l chin lc gi thp. Trng hp nhng cng trnh yu cu cht lng cao, i hi nh thu phi c kinh nghim...ty vo i th cnh tranh m cng ty c th p dng chin lc gi cao cht lng cao. 3.Gii php 3: Xc nh chin lc u thu tng hp u thu ngy nay khng ch n thun l cnh tranh v gi. Yu t cnh tranh ngy nay cng gay gt trn th trng i hi cng ty phi c mt chin lc tng hp th mi c kh nng thng thu cao nht. Do bn cnh yu t gi cng ty cn ch . - Chin lc cng ngh v t chc xy dng. y l chin lc quan trng c tin cy cao vic nghin cu p dng cng ngh tin tin v ph hp lun lun l hot ng c tnh chin lc ca n v. Thc cht ca chin lc ny l lp h s d thu, cng ty phi dc ton lc vo vic thit k t chc xy dng hp l da trn cc cng ngh xy dng hiu qu. Nu cng ty a ra c cng ngh c

o duy nht m ch u t ang cn cho vic xy dng cng trnh ca mnh th u th cnh tranh thu ca cng ty s tng ln gp bi ln. - Chin lc lin kt: vic lin doanh lin kt bao gi cng to ra mt nh thu mnh hn so vi nh thu ring r. ng nhin mt nh thu ch c th mnh mt hay mt vi mt (so vi yu cu tranh thu) nh v thit b hay tnh chuyn mn hay v ti chnh hoc cng ngh... S lin doanh lin kt nhm phi hp b tr cc u nhc im ca tng nh thu. To nn mt nh thu vi nhiu u im ng thi m bo tnh hp l tranh thu ca Nh nc v to ra cc nh thu mnh m bo cht lng cng trnh. p ng c cc yu cu ca ch u t. c bit l i vi cc d n ln v c ngun vn nc ngoi. Ngoi ra s lin doanh, lin kt cn to ra mi quan h lu di gia cc n v. iu ny h tr cc n v c iu kin duy tr cng vic kinh doanh n nh hn.Theo chin lc ny cng ty c th lin doanh tranh thu v thc hin cng trnh. Trong trng hp c th yu, cng ty c th tranh th kh nng lm thu ph cho mt doanh nghip xy dng khc c kh nng thng thu hn c . - Chin lc thay i thit k cng trnh Trng hp ngoi l cho php v cng ty c kh nng thit k tt, sau khi nhn c h s ca bn mi thu cng ty c th xut phng n thay i thit k hp l hn v em li li ch ln hn cho ch u t. thc hin iu ny i hi nh thu phi c vn kinh nghim ln, kh nng thuyt phc ch u t cng nh cc cp c thm quyn ph duyt, thm nh...Thit k thay i phi hn hn v cu trc v kt cu p ng tt hn mc ch xy dng ca ch u t ng thi khng lm nh hng n d ton vn u t d tnh ban u. Trong trng hp ny, ch u t c th dnh cho cng ty thc hin cng trnh vi s kim tra nht nh ca c quan thit k v t vn c uy tn. Gii php 4: y mnh cng tc tip th Khi th trng xy dng khng cn m ra d dng cho cc doanh nghip th hot ng marketing ng vai tr quan trng. Trong thi gian qua cng tc tip th, c bit l chnh sch khuych trng, giao tip ca cng ty cn hn ch. Do vy p ng tnh hnh pht trin ca th trng i hi pht trin ca cng ty. Cng ty cn:

- Hon thin quy ch tip th ni b trn c s xc nh mc thng, trch np cng nh hnh thc thng, trch np cho ph hp nhm khuyn khch hn na s tham gia ca mi cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty. - y mnh cng tc tip th, khuych trng giao tip cc tnh thnh trn c nc. Huy ng nhng cn b tng hot ng trong a bn ch cht m cng ty ch tham gia xut kin cho k hoch pht trin m rng th trng ca cng ty. - Duy tr quan h khch hng truyn thng d nhu cu xy dng l khng lin tc vi mt khch hng c th. Ni chung hot ng marketing c bn ca cng ty l: - Duy tr v m rng khch hng. - Vic duy tr v tm ngun gip cho doanh nghip c thng tin trn th trng xy dng nhm la chn d n ph hp v nhanh chng tip cn hay ra quyt nh trong vic tranh thu cng nh vic loi b cc thng tin sai lch hoc quyt nh khng tranh thu sm m bo cho doanh nghip tit kim chi ph v gim cc hao ph khc. - Gii thiu khch trng hot ng ca cng ty. - Vic qung co mang tnh c lp tng i vi qu trnh u thu song n rt quan trng i vi tt c cc n v kinh doanh khng ch ring lnh vc xy dng. Qua cng tc qung co, gii thiu n v s to ra c nhng ci nhn chung cho khch hng v quy m, c im, th mnh ca mnh gip cho khch hng hiu r v qua h tr tt khi tham thu. - Quy ch ni b (chnh sch ca cng ty)Quy ch thng ni b nhm khuyn khch v khai thc mi kh nng tim tng khng ch bn trong n v. Vic s dng li ch kinh t ny gip cho vic thu thng tin nhanh, chnh xc v hiu qu hn trong ton b qu trnh t khi hnh thnh n khi u thu d n, kch thch tnh tch cc v to ra hiu qu chung. Gii php 5: Ch trng phn tch ri ro d n xy dng Qun l d n truyn thng bao gm cc mt qun l tin , qun l cht lng, qun l chi ph (gi thnh)... gp phn khng nh vo s thnh cng ca cc d n u t c thc hin trn t nc ta. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh qun l d n thng xuyn xut hin cc yu t ngu nhin tiu cc khng lng trc c, nh hng ti tin thi cng v kt qu thc hin ca d n xy dng m

chng ta thng g l ri ro. V vy cng ty cn nghin cu, nh gi, phn loi v tm phng hng qun l cc ri ro ny. Bi thc t cho thy nu khng ch trng n vn c th lm nh hng khng tt n hiu qu d n u t xy dng, thng thng ko di thi gian thc hin d n ti 20-30%, c bit c nhng d n ko di ti 200-300% thi gian lm vic hoc b tht bi hon ton v mt ti chnh do cc ri ro khng lng trc c. V vy giai on ca cng trnh xy dng cng ty cn phi lm r mc tiu cn phi qun l ri ro. Trn c s xc nh cc ri ro v gii quyt cc ri ro . Nh thu phi la chn phng php chnh thc gii quyt ri ro c th xy ra. C th la chn cc phng thc gii quyt ri ro nh sau: - Xc nh cc phng php phng nga, trnh ri ro hoc gim nh nh hng ca n. - a ra k hoch d phng i ph vi ri ro khi n xy ra. - Cn nhc chuyn giao cc ri ro cho cng ty bo him. - Cn nhc phn b cc ri ro trong hp ng. - Lp ra cc c cu qun l v t chc cn thit. - Chun b v mt cng ngh. - D tr ti nguyn v lao ng. Trong xy dng ri ro c quan tm qun l i vi tng cng vic, tng giai on i vi qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. Qun l ri ro c thc hin khng ch trong qu trnh thc hin d n m n c thc hin ngay t u trong giai on lp h s d thu, c bit l mt s cng tc quan trng quyt nh n chaat lng ca h s d thu. Cc ri ro ch quan trong khu lp h s d thu thng xut hin mt s vn sau: + Nm bt khng ht cc yu cu i vi H s d thu. Cc yu t v iu kin ca cng trnh dn n H s thit k thm ch c d ton u thu b sai lch lm gim kh nng thng thu ca cng ty. + Bc tch khi lng v chi ph gi thiu hoc sai do thiu kinh nghim hoc khng nm bt c thng tin dn n thua l sau khi thi cng thc t.

+ Ch quan khng lng trc mt cch tng hp bin ng ca kh nng ti chnh dn n lng iu kin thanh ton gy kh khn khi u t trong qu trihf thc hin d n. Vic qun l tt cc ri ro trong xy dng c ngha rt quan trng nhm nng cao kh nng thng thu ca cng ty. Gii php 6: Tng cng cng tc o to, nng cao trnh y l cng tc c tnh chin lc lu di, c ngha kinh t su sc m mi nh qun l u quan tm. Nng lc ca mt tp th mnh hay yu ph thuc hon ton vo nng lc ca tng c nhn v tnh thng nht ca h thng b my lm vic. Kh nng phi hp gia cc c nhn, b phn mang tnh quyt nh. Vic nng cao trnh c tp trung trong cc vn sau: - Thng xuyn bi dng nng cao trnh chuyn mn c v l thuyt ln thc hnh tay ngh cho cn b cng nhn vin trong ton cong ty v cc mt nh: nghin cu mi, lm thc t... - u t nng cao trnh ngoi ng tin hc: ngoi ng chuyn mn, p dng nghin cu cc phn mm xy dng, phn mm qun l d n... - Quy trnh ha cng tc lp H s d thu. Cng tc lp H s d thu nh chng ta bit l bc quan trng nht, quyt nh cht lng tranh thu. Cng tc lp H s d thu c tin hnh ty tng loi d n khc nhau trong bin php cng ngh, gi, iu kin thanh ton l cc ni dung c bn nht i hi phi c nhiu thi gian v chi ph m bo thng tin l iu kin tin cy v ph hp vi nng lc ti chnh, k thut ca cng ty. Cng ty xy lp vt t k thut tri qu mt thi gian kinh nhgim thc hin nhiu loi d n khc nhau, c c s xy dng quy trnh lp H s u thu nhm gim bt cc hao ph v tit kim thi gian lp h s. Vic quy trnh ha ny cng nh mt s u t cn phi c s quan tm ca lnh o v nhng ngi c trch nhim ng thi n i hi mt s chun b ng b v d liu v thit b ng b khng ch b phn k thut-ni lp d n. Quy trnh ha cn thit to ra mt s tng hp hay tng bc n v ring bit. Cc cng vic ni dung phi m bo c thc hin v kim tra nhm trnh sai, thiu st khng cn thit ca H s d thu trnh sa cha b sung v gim ng k thi gian lp d ton. - Chuyn mn ha cc cn b u thu v gi, tip th v thi cng:

Tng cng o to bi dng cc kin thc v kinh t- ti chnh, php lut...cc k nng ngoi ng tin hc cho cn b tham gia cng tc u thu ca cng ty nhm nng cao cht lng h s d thu, nng cao kh nng trc tip tham gia d thu nhng cng trnh c vn u t nc ngoi. H s u thu c kh nng th hin r nt nng lc ca n v cng nh chin lc ca cng ty c a ra ty theo tng ln u thu v nhng c im ring khc nhau. Trong cng tc o to, bi dng kin thc cng ty cn ch trng n lc lng cn b gin tip v lc lng cng nhn k thut cc i, ban qun l cng trnh lc lng lao ng ny tuy khng trc tip tham gia vo quyt nh n cng tc u thu nhng li ng vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh thi cng cng trnh quyt nh n cht lng cng trnh, n uy tn cng ty. Ring i vi cn b gin tip cc i do nhiu yu t nh: hot ng sn xut kin doanh ca cc n vi chu nh hng trc tip t cc cng trnh thi cng nn c lc khng nm ht nhng ch trng, ng li nhng quy nh mi ca cng ty. V vy khng ch ban hnh cc quy nh quy ch ti cc n v m cng ty cn lp o to tp hun gip cho lc lng cn b cc n v nm r vn , trnh nhng bt ng c th c trong cch lm vic gia cc n v v cc phng ban cng ty gy tr ngi cho cng vic cho s pht trin ca cng ty. Gii php 7: Nng cao hiu qu s dng ti sn c nh Trong xy dng ti sn c nh, c bit l my mc thit b l mt phn tt yu v chi ph my chim mt t l khng nh trong tng chi phia thi cng cng trnh. Vic u t mua sm thit b c ngha rt ln nh hng n hiu qu qun l cng nh tit kim chi ph i vi n v. Nng cao hiu qu s dng my mc, tip tc u t mua sm thit b cng ngh mi nhm nng cao nng lc thi cng, nng cao na cht lng cng trnh v tiien thi cng. Trong xy dng cc doanh nghip xy dng cn mt khi lng ln my mc thit b nn vic s dng hiu qu khi lng my mc ny c ngha quan trng trong vic nng cao cht lng cng trnh h gi thnh sn phm xy dng cng nh kh nng nng cao thng thu. V vy trong s dng my mc thit b thi cng cng ty cn ch ti:

- Gii quyt vn nh la chn phng n c gii ha xy dng ti u, phn phi my mc hp l theo tin thi cng, phn b my mc theo cc a im xy dng v mt bng hp l, iu phi my mc gia cc cng trng... - C k hoch ci tin s dng my mc, nhm nng cao h s s dng my theo cng sut theo thi gian v u my a vo hot ng. - Xc nh hnh thc s dng my mc hp l nh kt hp tt nht gia phng n mua sm v phng n i thu,gia phng n s dng my tp trung hay phn tn cc hnh thc s dng my, va c hiu qu li va m bo my mc lu h hng, cc hnh thc khon sn phm ni b. - Lin kt doanh nghip nhm s dng nng cao nng lc sn xut tha ca nhau. c bit cng ty phi c k hoch tn dng my mc trong thi gian tm thi nhn ri do cha kim c hp ng xy dng bng cch i lm thu ph hay cho thu. - La chn phng n khu hao ph hp vi k hoch sao cho c th va bo ton vn li va bo m tnh cnh tranh ca gi thnh sn phm cng nh to iu kin i mi k thut sn xut ca cng ty. Trong u t mua sm thit b mi cng ty nn ch trng n my mc cng ngh thi cng cc loi cng trnh h tng nhm nng cao nng lc thi cng cc loi cng trnh ny. Gii php 8: y mnh cng tc hon cng, nghim thu gp phn lnh mnh ha tnh hnh ti chnh ca cng ty Do nhiu yu t ch quan v khch quan m cng ty phi i ph vi tnh trng vn b ng. Cng trnh giao, ch u t a vo s dng n cng ty vn cha thu tin v c th do s chm tr ca bn A nhng mt khc cn do li ca nh thu nh: quyt ton sai khi lng hoc thiu vaw bn hp l ghi nhn khi lng pht sinh nn gy ra nhng thit hi v ti chnh nh hng n kh nng tranh thu ca cng ty. Vy hot ng ti chnh c an ton, p ng yu cu pht trin cng ty cn ch - Trong thi cng, trc khi nghim thu cn b k thut phi chun b y bn v c lin quan. Moi hot ng cng trnh sau khi thi cng xong u phi hon thnh v tim, ct, v kch thc hnh hc theo ng quy nh thit k. Sau khi kt

thc hng mc chnh ban ch huy cng trnh phi trnh bn v hon thnh cho c quan qun l cp trn sau s chuyn giao cho ba qun l cng trnh vi ni dung: + Kch thc hnh hc theo thit k. + sai lch ca tim, trc theo hai phng. + Nhng thay i khc so vi thit k. Ch nhn li bin bn nghim thu c ch k ca cc thnh phn c lin quan, khi mi c php thi cng ngi tip. Tt c nhng thay i b sung u phi bo co ngay vi ban qun l. Ch khi c php bng vn bn ca ban qun l nh thu mi c php thi cng tip. C nht k cng trnh v mu vn bn km theo ghi chp, theo di v lu tr. Mi s thay i u phi c xc nhn ngay gi tr tng hoc gim so vi thit k v c s chp nhn ca ban qun l v cc cp c thm quyn. - Trong iu kin c th tng cng tn dng cc ngun vn c tam ng trc t ch u t. Phng ti v phi hp vi cc phng ban cng ty ln tin cung cp v thu hi vn cho tng cng trnh trc v sau vn ch u t c k hoch c th trong thu hi vn. Gii php 9 C 3 iu kin o lng kh nng cnh tranh ca mt doanh nghip xy dng, l: cht lng gi c v tin thi cng. L thuyt v chi ph cho cht lng chng minh rng khi cht lng c nng ln cao th gi thnh s h xung nh gim c cc tn ph v h hao v chi ph cho thm nh chi ph. m bo tha mn cho khch hng c v cht lng va gi c th s c li cho vic nng cao t l chm lnh thi trng. Hn na, khng cn c nhng vng mc v cht lng th s khng cn n cc hot ng ngm nhm s l nhng h hng hay ph thi. Tuy nhin vn cht lng t trc n nay cng ty xy lp vt t k thut cng nh nhiu cng ty khc ch mi ch n cht lng thi cng cng trnh m cha quan tm n cht lng ng b nn kt qu mang li trong u thu ni ring trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ni chung cn hn ch. S d cht lng phi ng b trong mi lnh vc chc nng bi mi b phn, mi hot ng, mi ngi trong cng ty u nh hng n nhau. Cc sai lm thng hay nhn ln v c mt b phn hoc lnh vc khng p ng c cc yu cu th s gy ra kh khn cc ni khc, dn n nhiu sai lm, nhiu kh khn hn. Nu mi ni u tm cch x l ngay t u th s c li rt ln.

C th l cht lng khng ch trong thi cng. Cht lng trong cc bo co ti chnh, cc s liu k ton hay cht lng trong cc k hoch t chc...nu c quan tm mt cch ng b s gp phn nng cao kh nng thng thu rt ln ca cng ty. Bi u thu khng ch c cc gii php thi cng. Nu nhng iu c bn nht ca H s d thu khng c p ng th cng ty s b loi ngay t u. Nu s liu ti chnh nhm ln s sut th H s d thu ca cng ty cng c th b mt im trong xt thu. Hn na qun l cht lng ng b vi nhng chng ch chng nhn cn l mt minh chng tin cy khi cng ty mun m rng th trng, tm kim i tc.