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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

CHNG 2
CU TRC MNG WCDMA V CC VN LIN QUAN
H thng 3G c xy dng nhm chun b mt c s h tng di ng chung c kh nng phc v cc dch v hin ti v tng lai. C s h tng 3G c thit k vi iu kin nhng thay i, pht trin v k thut c kh nng ph hp vi mng hin ti m khng lm nh hng n cc dch v ang s dng. thc hin iu , cn tch bit gia k thut truy cp, k thut truyn dn, k thut dch v (iu khin kt ni) v cc ng dng ca ngi s dng. Chng ny s phn tch cu trc phn cng ca h thng di ng 3G: cc phn t mng truy cp v tuyn, mng li; chc nng ca cc phn t, cc giao din mng, m hnh giao thc phn lp ca h thng UMTS - c s cu trc h thng cho WCDMA. UMTS c xy dng trn c s GSM nn c xu hng tn dng ti a c s h tng GSM th h hai, thm ch c mt phn cu trc ca h thng th h 1.Ngoi ra gii thiu v cc loi knh trong UTRAN, qua cp n phng thc sp xp cc knh lgic ln cc knh truyn ti v cc knh truyn ti ln cc knh vt l, cch p ng cc yu cu trn trong qu trnh sp xp, trnh by v k thut tri ph trong WCDMA, Cc th tc lin quan n giao din v tuyn bao gm chuyn giao v iu khin cng sut.

2.1 Gii thiu v cu trc mng WCDMA: Cu trc mng 3G WCDMA c th c m hnh ha theo nhiu cch khc nhau. y s gii thiu mt s cu trc mng c bn bao gm:

M hnh khi nim. M hnh cu trc. Cu trc qun l ti nguyn. Cu trc dch v mng UMTS. 2.2.1 M hnh khi nim: Theo quan im ny, cu trc mng c phn thnh cc h thng con da trn cu trc th tc, lu lng cng nh cc phn t vt l. Mng 3G bao gm hai khi chc nng chnh: khi chc nng chuyn mch gi (PS) v khi chc nng chuyn mch knh (CS). Cc giao din l phng tin cc khi chc nng giao tip vi nhau. Da trn cu trc th tc v nhim v ca chng, m hnh mng 3G c chia thnh hai tng: tng truy cp v tng khng truy cp. - Tng truy cp bao gm cc th tc x l giao tip gia thit b ngi s dng (UE) vi mng truy cp.
- Tng khng truy cp cha cc th tc x l giao tip gia UE vi mng li (khi chc nng CS/PS) tng ng.

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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

Mng thng tr cha cc thng tin ng k v thng tin bo mt. Mng phc v l mt phn ca mng li. Mng truyn ti l phn mng li thc hin kt ni thng tin gia mng phc v vi cc mng bn ngoi.
Mng thng tr

Tng khng truy cp

USIM

Thit b di ng
Cu Uu

Mng truy cp

Min CS Mng phc v Min PS Iu Yu

Mng truyn dn

Tng truy cp

Min mng li
Min thit b ngi s dng Min cu trc mng

Hnh 2.1 M hnh khi nim mng WCDMA.

2.1.2 M hnh cu trc: H thng WCDMA c xy dng trn c s mng GPRS. V mt chc nng c th chia cu trc mng WCDMA ra lm hai phn : mng li (CN) v mng truy cp v tuyn (UTRAN), trong mng li s dng ton b cu trc phn cng ca mng GPRS, cn mng truy cp v tuyn l phn nng cp ca WCDMA. Ngoi ra hon thin h thng, trong WCDMA cn c thit b ngi s dng (UE) thc hin giao din ngi s dng vi h thng. T quan im chun ha, c UE v UTRAN u bao gm nhng giao thc mi c thit k da trn cng ngh v tuyn WCDMA, tri li mng li c nh ngha hon ton da trn GSM. iu ny cho php h thng WCDMA pht trin mang tnh ton cu trn c s cng ngh GSM.

Hnh 2.2 M hnh cu trc h thng UMTS.

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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

WCDMA l mt giao din v tuyn phc tp v tin tin trong lnh vc thng tin di ng, n s l cng ngh xy dng c s h tng v kin trc mng t bo ca hu ht mng 3G trn th gii, hnh thnh kt ni gia thit b di ng ca ngi s dng cng vi mng li. T hnh 2.3 di y ta thy mng thng tin di ng th h 3 WCDMA gm hai phn mng: mng li v mng truy cp v tuyn.
Mng ng trc PSTN/ISDN
PLMN AuC PDN

HLR

IWF VLR

GMSC

EIR

GGSN

MSC

SGSN
s

Mng li

Iuc

Iups

RNC NB NB NB TE MT TE

Iur
NB

RNC

NB NB MT

Mng truy cp v tuyn

Hnh 2.3 S khi tng qut ca mng thng tin di ng th h 3 WCDMA.

UE (User Equipment). Thit b ngi s dng thc hin chc nng giao tip ngi s dng vi h thng. UE gm hai phn: - Thit b di ng (ME: Mobile Equipment): L u cui v tuyn c s dng cho thng tin v tuyn trn giao din Uu. - Module nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM): L mt th thng minh cha thng tin nhn dng ca thu bao, n thc hin cc thut ton nhn thc, lu gi cc kha nhn thc v mt s thng tin thu bao cn thit cho u cui.

UTRAN (UMTS Terestrial Radio Access Network).


Mng truy cp v tuyn c nhim v thc hin cc chc nng lin quan n truy cp v tuyn. UTRAN gm hai phn t : - Nt B: Thc hin chuyn i dng s liu gia cc giao din Iub v Uu. N
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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

cng tham gia qun l ti nguyn v tuyn. - B iu khin mng v tuyn RNC: C chc nng s hu v iu khin cc ti nguyn v tuyn trong vng (cc nt B c kt ni vi n). RNC cn l im truy cp tt c cc dch v do UTRAN cung cp cho mng li CN. CN (Core Network). Cc phn t chnh ca mng li nh sau: - HLR (Home Location Register): L thanh ghi nh v thng tr lu gi thng tin chnh v l lch dch v ca ngi s dng. Cc thng tin ny bao gm : Thng tin v cc dch v c php, cc vng khng c chuyn mng v cc thng tin v dch v b sung nh: trng thi chuyn hng cuc gi, s ln chuyn hng cuc gi. - MSC/VLR (Mobile Services Switching Center/Visitor Location Register): L tng i (MSC) v c s d liu (VLR) cung cp cc dch v chuyn mch knh cho UE ti v tr ca n. MSC c chc nng s dng cc giao dch chuyn mch knh. VLR c chc nng lu gi bn sao v l lch ngi s dng cng nh v tr chnh xc ca UE trong h thng ang phc v. - GMSC (Gateway MSC): Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng cng kt ni vi mng ngoi. - SGSN (Servicing GPRS Support Node): Node h tr GPRS (dch v v tuyn gi chung) ang phc v, c chc nng nh MSC/VLR nhng c s dng cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi (PS). - GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node): Node h tr GPRS cng, c chc nng nh GMSC nhng ch phc v cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi. kt ni MSC vi mng ngoi cn c thm phn t lm chc nng tng tc mng (IWF). Ngoi mng li cn cha cc c s d liu cn thit cho cc mng di ng nh: HLR, AuC v EIR. Cc mng ngoi. - Mng CS: Mng m bo cc kt ni cho cc dch v chuyn mch knh. V d: Mng ISDN, PSTN. - Mng PS: Mng kt ni cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi. V d: mng Internet. Cc giao din v tuyn. - Giao din Cu: L giao din gia th thng minh USIM v ME. Giao din ny tun theo mt khun dng chun cho cc th thng minh. - Giao din Uu: L giao din m qua UE truy cp cc phn t c nh ca h thng v v th m n l giao din m quan trng nht ca UMTS. - Giao din Iu: Giao din ny ni UTRAN vi CN, n cung cp cho cc nh khai
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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

thc kh nng trang b UTRAN v CN t cc nh sn xut khc nhau. - Giao din Iur: Cho php chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC t cc nh sn xut khc nhau. - Giao din Iub: Giao din cho php kt ni mt nt B vi mt RNC. Iub c tiu chun ha nh l mt giao din m hon ton. 2.1.3 Cu trc qun l ti nguyn: Cu trc qun l ti nguyn da trn c s phn chia cc chc nng qun l ch yu sau: Qun l kt ni (CM): bao gm tt c cc th tc, cc chc nng lin quan n vic qun l kt ni ca ngi s dng. Qun l di ng (MM): gm tt c cc chc nng , cc th tc qun l di ng v bo mt nh cc th tc bo mt kt ni, cc th tc cp nht v tr. Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn (RRM): bao gm cc th tc thc hin vic qun l ti nguyn v tuyn (iu khin cng sut, chuyn giao v iu khin ti h thng).
CM M M
RR M
iu khin thng tin

CM M M

iu khin di ng

M M
M

iu khin di ng

iu khin ti nguyn RR v tuyn Giao din m Uu Giao din m Iu

UE

UTRA N NM S

CN

Hnh 2.4 Cu trc qun l ti nguyn.

Cc chc nng iu khin c kt hp vi nhm cc dch v iu khin sau: iu khin phin trong chuyn mch gi.
iu khin thng tin (COMC): duy tr cc c ch nh iu khin cuc gi,

iu khin di ng (MOBC): duy tr iu khin cp nht v tr v bo mt. kt ni v tuyn v duy tr kt ni gia UE vi UTRAN.
iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn (RRC): thc hin chc nng qun l thit lp

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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

2.1.4 Cu trc dch v UMTS: H thng 3G c xy dng theo nh hng dch v nhiu hn so vi mng thng tin di ng truyn thng. Theo quan im dch v, m hnh mng 3G c dang nh sau:
LP DCH V LP TO DCH V LP PHN T MNG LP TRUYN TI VT L

Qun l mng

Chc nng bo mt

Hnh 2.5 Cu trc dch v.

Lp thp nht l nn tng cho cc lp cn li l lp truyn ti vt l. Cc nt s dng phng tin truyn ti vt l hnh thnh mt lp gi l lp phn t mng. Lp th ba cha cc phn t v chc nng to ra mi khi chc nng trong hnh thnh cc dch v phc v ngi s dng u cui. Lp dch v trn cng trong m hnh dch v to ra ng cnh cho cc dch v phc tp. 2.2 Cu trc mng truy cp v tuyn UTRAN: Nhim v chnh ca UTRAN l to v duy tr cc knh mang truy cp v tuyn (RAB) thc hin thng tin gia thit b di ng (UE) vi mng li (CN). UTRAN nm gia hai giao din m Uu v Iu. Nhim v ca UTRAN l phi hp vi mng li thc hin cc dch v mng qua cc giao din ny. UTRAN bao gm nhiu h thng con mng v tuyn RNS (Radio Network Subsystem). Mi RNS bao gm mt s trm gc (node B), giao din Uu v mt b iu khin mng v tuyn RNC. RNC kt ni vi node B bng giao din Iu b. Cc RNS giao tip vi nhau s dng giao din m Iur mang c thng tin bo hiu v lu lng.

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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

UU Node B Node B RNC RNC USIM Node B Node B RNS CU USIM Iub Node B Node B
RNC RNC

IU CS MSC/VLR

Iur

UE

SGSN IU PS RNS CN

Node B Node B

UTRAN

Hnh 2.6 Cu trc UTRAN Cc c tnh ca UTRAN l c s thit k cu trc UTRAN, cc chc nng v giao thc. UTRAN c cc c tnh chnh sau: - H tr cc chc nng truy cp v tuyn, c bit l chuyn giao mm v cc thut ton qun l ti nguyn c th ca WCDMA. - m bo tnh chung nht cho vic x l s liu chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi kt ni t UTRAN n c hai vng PS v CS ca mng li. - m bo tnh chung nht vi GSM. - S dng c ch truyn ti ATM l c ch truyn ti chnh UTRAN. 2.2.1 B iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC): RNC l phn t mng chu trch nhim iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn ca UTRAN. RNC kt ni vi CN (thng thng vi mt MSC v mt SGSN) qua giao din v tuyn Iu. RNC iu khin node B chu trch nhim iu khin ti v trnh tc nghn cho cc cell ca mnh. Khi mt kt ni MS-UTRAN s dng nhiu ti nguyn t nhiu RNC th cc RNC ny s c hai vai tr logic ring bit: - RNC phc v (Serving RNC): thc hin x l s liu truyn t lp kt ni s liu ti cc ti nguyn v tuyn. SRNC cng l CRNC ca mt node B no c MS s dng kt ni vi UTRAN.

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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

- RNC tri (Drift RNC): l mt RNC bt k khc vi SRNC iu khin cc cell c MS s dng. Khi cn DRNC c th thc hin kt hp v phn chia phn tp v m. DRNC khng thc hin x l s liu trong lp kt ni s liu m ch nh tuyn s liu gia cc giao din Iub v Iur. Mt UE c th khng c hoc c mt hay nhiu DRNC. 2.2.2 Node B (Trm gc): Chc nng chnh ca node B l thc hin x l trn lp vt l ca giao din v tuyn nh m ha knh, an xen, thch ng tc , tri phN cng thc hin phn khai thc qun l ti nguyn v tuyn nh iu khin cng sut vng trong. V phn chc nng n ging nh trm gc ca GSM. 2.2.3 Cc chc nng iu khin ca UTRAN: c th iu khin v qun l cc knh mang v tuyn (RB), UTRAN thc hin cc chc nng khc ngoi chc nng qun l ti nguyn v tuyn RRM. Cc chc nng bao gm: Pht qung b thng tin h thng. Thit lp cc knh mang bo hiu v truy cp ngu nhin. Qun l knh mang v tuyn (RB). Cc chc nng an ton trong mng UTRAN. Qun l di ng lp UTRAN. X l c s d liu. nh v thu bao.

2.3 Cu trc mng li theo tiu chun 3GPP R99: 3GPP R99 l h tiu chun UMTS u tin, trong th hin mt h thng truy cp v tuyn bng rng vi mng li (CN) c nng cp t GSM. Mng li s dng h tng GSM v phn m rng GPRS s dng cho cc dch v gi. Mng li c chia thnh hai khi chc nng: khi chc nng chuyn mch knh CS v khi chc nng chuyn mch gi PS. Khi chc nng chuyn mch knh (CN CS) gm hai phn t mng c bn:

Trung tm chuyn mch di ng (MSC/VLR). Trung tm chuyn mch di ng cng (GMSC).

MSC/VLR chu trch nhim cho cc hot ng qun l kt ni chuyn mch knh, qun l di ng nh: cp nht v tr, tm gi v cc chc nng bo mt. Ngoi ra cn cha cc b chuyn m, y l im khc bit so vi h thng GSM truyn thng.

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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

GMSC ph trch kt ni vi cc mng bn ngoi, thit lp ng kt ni n cc MSC/VLR ang phc v m ti c th tm thy thu bao cn tm

Mng truy cp

Mng ngoi

Hnh 2.7 Cu trc mng li theo tiu chun 3GPP R99. .

Khi chc nng chuyn mch gi (CN PS) gm hai phn t mng c bn:

Nt h tr GPRS phc v (SGSN). Nt h tr GPRS cng (GGSN).

SGSN h tr thng tin chuyn mch gi ti mng truy cp v tuyn. Chc nng ch yu ca SGSN lin quan n vic qun l di ng: cp nht khu vc nh tuyn, ng k v tr, tm gi v iu khin c ch bo mt trong chuyn mch gi. GGSN duy tr kt ni ti cc mng chuyn mch gi khc nh mng Internet, thc hin qun l phin. Khi thanh ghi cha thng tin a ch v nhn thc cho c CS v PS bao gm:
Thanh ghi thng tr (HLR): cha cc d liu c nh v thu bao. Trung tm nhn thc (AuC): l c s d liu to ra cc vect nhn thc. Thanh ghi ch th thit b (EIR): duy tr cc thng tin ch th lin quan n

phn cng ca UE. Ngoi cc thanh ghi trong khi thanh ghi, cn c thm thanh ghi tm tr (VLR), c coi nh l mt phn chc nng ca MSC phc v. VLR tham gia vo cc th tc nh: cp nht v tr, tm gi v cc hot ng bo mt.

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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

2.4 Cu trc phn lp ca WCDMA:

GC

Nt

DC

GC

Nt

DC

Tng truy cp

UE
Radio (Uu)

UTRAN
Iu

Mng li

Hnh 2.8 Cu trc phn lp ca mng WCDMA.

Cu trc phn lp ca WCDMA c xy dng trn c s cc tiu chun ca UMTS. Cc giao thc gia cc phn t trong mng WCDMA c chia thnh hai phn chnh: tng khng truy nhp v tng truy nhp. Giao din v tuyn c phn thnh 3 lp giao thc:
-

Lp vt l (L1). Lp kt ni s liu (L2). Lp mng (L3).

Knh mang truy cp v tuyn

Knh mang v tuyn bo hiu

Knh lgic Knh truyn ti Knh vt l handset Network

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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

Bo hiu mt phng C Trnh lp

Thng tin mt phng U Bin gii

GC: iu khin chung Nt: Thng bo DC: iu khin ring

iu khin iu khin

iu khin

iu khin

iu khin RRC

iu khin ti nguyn VT

(Giao thc hi t s liu gi)

(iu khin qung b/ a phng) (iu khin on VT) Cc knh lgic


MAC

Cc knh truyn ti
PHY

Hnh 2.9 Cu trc giao thc giao din v tuyn.

Lp 2 c chia thnh cc lp con: MAC (Medium Access Control: iu khin truy cp mi trng) v RLC (Radio Link Control: iu khin kt ni v tuyn), PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol: giao thc hi t s liu gi) v BMC (Broadcast/Multicast Control: iu khin qung b/a phng). Lp 3 v RLC c chia thnh hai phn: phn iu khin (C) v phn ngi s dng (U). PDCP v BMC ch c phn U. Cc th tc giao din v tuyn thc hin chc nng thit lp, duy tr v gii phng kt ni v tuyn trong mng UTRA. Chng thc hin cc chc nng ca cc lp 1-3 trong m hnh OSI tng ng. Lp cao nht l lp iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn RRC tng ng vi lp mng. Giao din gia cc lp v cc phn lp c thc hin thng qua cc im truy cp dch v (SAP). Cc knh truyn dn c truyn qua cc im truy cp dch v gia lp vt l v phn lp iu khin truy cp trung gian (MAC) thc hin vic giao tip gia lp vt l v lp lin kt d liu (L2). Cc knh lgic thc hin giao tip trong L2 gia cc phn lp MAC v RLC. Cn cc knh vt l c truyn bn trong lp vt l. 2.5 Giao din v tuyn: Cu trc UMTS khng nh ngha chi tit chc nng bn trong ca phn t mng m ch nh ngha giao din gia cc phn t lgic. Cu trc giao din c xy dng trn nguyn tc l cc lp v cc phn cao c lp lgic vi nhau, iu ny cho php thay i mt phn ca cu trc giao thc trong khi vn gi nguyn cc phn cn li.

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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

L p m ng v tuy n

Pha iu khin
Giao th c ng d ng

Pha ngi s dng Lu ng s li u

L p m ng truy n t i

Pha ngi s dng mng truyn ti

Pha iu khin mng truyn ti


ALCAP

Pha ngi s dng mng truyn ti

M ng bo hi u

M ng bo hi u

M ng s li u

L p v t l

Hnh 2.10 M hnh giao thc tng qut cho cc giao din mt t UTRAN.

2.5.1 Giao din UTRAN CN (Iu): Giao din Iu kt ni UTRAN vi CN. Iu l mt giao din m chia h thng thnh UTRAN c th v CN, Cn chu trch nhim chuyn mch, inh tuyn v iu khin dch v. Iu c th c hai trng hp khc nhau: Iu CS (Iu chuyn mch knh): kt ni UTRAN vi CN chuyn mch knh. Iu PS (Iu chuyn mch gi): kt ni UTRAN vi CN chuyn mch gi. 2.5.2 Giao din RNC RNC (Iur): Iur l giao din v tuyn gia cc b iu khin mng v tuyn. Lc u giao din ny c thit k h tr chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, trong qu trnh pht trin tiu chun nhiu tnh nng c b sung v n nay giao din Iur phi m bo 4 chc nng sau : - H tr tnh di ng c s gia cc RNC. - H tr knh lu lng ring. - H tr knh lu lng chung. - H tr qun l ti nguyn v tuyn ton cu. 2.5.3 Giao din RNC Node B (Iub): Giao thc Iub nh ngha cu trc khung v cc th tc iu khin trong bng cho cc tng kiu knh truyn ti. Cc chc nng chnh ca Iub :

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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

- Chc nng thit lp, b sung, gii phng v ti thit lp mt kt ni v tuyn u tin ca mt UE v chn im kt cui lu lng. - Khi to v bo co cc c th cell, node B, kt ni v tuyn. - X l cc knh ring v knh chung. - X l kt hp chuyn giao. - Qun l s c kt ni v tuyn. 2.6 Cc loi knh trong UTRAN:

Hnh 2.11 Cc loi knh trong UTRAN.

2.6.1 Cc knh lgic: Cc knh lgic c th c chia thnh hai nhm ch yu: nhm knh iu khin v nhm knh lu lng. Nhm knh iu khin bao gm: Knh iu khin qung b BCCH. Knh iu khin tm gi PCCH. Knh iu khin dnh ring DCCH. Knh iu khin chung CCCH. Knh iu khin phn chia knh SHCCH. Knh iu khin ring cho ODMA ODCCH. Knh iu khin chung cho ODMA OCCCH.

Nhm knh lu lng bao gm: Knh lu lng dnh ring DTCH. Knh lu lng dnh ring cho ODMA DTCH. Knh lu lng chung CTCH.

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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

2.6.2 Cc knh vt l: Knh vt l tng ng vi mt tn s mang, m v i vi ng ln n cn tng ng vi gc pha tng i (0 hay /2). Cc knh vt l ng ln c cho hinh 2.12. DPDCH: truyn knh truyn dn DCH. DPCCH: truyn thng tin iu khin L1 nh: cc bit hoa tiu h tr nh gi vic xc nh knh trong qu trnh pht hin tng quan, cc lnh iu khin cng sut pht-TPC, thng tin phn hi-FBI, v mt b ch th kt hp nh dng truyn dn TFCI. PRACH: mang thng tin ca knh giao vn RACH. PCPCH: mang thng tin ca knh giao vn CPCH.
Knh s liu vt l dnh ring (DPDCH) Knh vt l ng ln (UPCH) Knh UPCH ring (Uplink DPCH) Knh iu khin vt l dnh ring (DPCCH)

Knh UPCH chung (Uplink CPCH)

Knh truy cp ngu nhin vt l (PRACH) Knh gi chung vt l (PCPCH)

Hnh 2.12 Cc knh vt l ng ln

ng xung ch c mt knh vt l ring duy nht: knh vt l ring ng xung (downlink DPCH). Cc knh vt l ng xung c cho hnh 2.13.
Knh DPCH ring (Downlink DPCH) Knh hoa tiu chung(CPICH) Knh vt l iu khin chung s cp(P-CCPCH) Knh vt l iu khin chung th cp(S-CCPCH) Knh DPCH chung (Downlink CPCH) Knh ng b(SCH) Knh vt l ng xung dng chung (PDSCH) Knh ch th bt (AICH) Knh ch th tm gi(PICH) Hnh 2.13 Cc knh vt l ng xung.

Knh vt l ng xung (DPCH)

2.6.3 Cc knh truyn ti:

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Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

Trong UTRAN s liu c to ra cc lp cao c truyn ti trn ng v tuyn bi cc knh truyn ti bng cch sp xp cc knh ny ln cc knh vt l khc nhau. Lp vt l c yu cu h tr cc knh truyn ti vi cc tc bit thay i nhm cung cp cc dch v vi rng bng tn theo yu cu v ghp nhiu dch v trn cng mt kt ni. C hai kiu knh truyn ti: Cc knh ring v cc knh chung. im khc nhau gia chng l: Knh chung l ti nguyn c chia s cho tt c hoc mt nhm ngi s dng trong cell, cn ti nguyn knh ring c n nh bi mt m v mt tn s nht nh dnh ring cho mt ngi s dng duy nht. 2.6.3.1 Knh truyn ti ring: Knh truyn ti ring duy nht l knh ring (vit tt DCH : Dedicated Channel). Knh truyn ti ring mang thng tin t cc lp trn lp vt l ring cho mt ngi s dng, bao gm s liu cho dch v hin thi cng nh thng tin iu khin lp cao. Knh truyn ti ring c c trng bi cc tnh nng nh: iu khin cng sut nhanh, thay i tc s liu nhanh theo tng khung v kh nng pht n mt phn cell hay on cell bng cch thay i hng Anten ca h thng anten thch ng. Cc knh ring h tr chuyn giao mm. 2.6.3.2 Cc knh truyn ti chung: UTRA nh ngha 6 kiu knh truyn ti chung. Cc knh ny c mt s im khc vi cc knh trong th h th hai, chng hn truyn dn gi cc knh chung v mt knh dng chung ng xung pht s liu gi. Cc knh chung khng c chuyn giao mm, nhng mt s knh c iu khin cng sut nhanh. Knh qung b: Knh qung b (BCH: Broadcast Channel) l mt knh truyn ti c s dng pht cc thng tin c th UTRAN hoc cell. V thit b ngi s dng UE (User Equipment) ch c th ng k n cell ny nu n c th gii m knh qung b, nn cn pht knh ny cng sut kh cao mng c th t n tt c mi ngi s dng trong vng ph yu cu. Knh truy cp ng xung (hng i): Knh truy cp ng xung (FACH: Forward Access Channel) l mt knh truyn ti ng xung mang thng tin iu khin n cc UE nm trong mt cell cho trc, chng hn sau khi BS thu c mt bn tin truy cp ngu nhin. Knh truyn dn ng xung truyn thng tin iu khin ti trm di ng khi h thng bit c vic nh v cell ca trm di ng. Knh tm gi:

26

Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

Knh tm gi (PCH: Paging Channel) l mt knh truyn ti ng xung thng c truyn trn ton b cell, c dng truyn thng tin iu khin ti trm di ng khi h thng khng bit v tr cell ca trm di ng. N mang s liu lin quan n th tc tm gi, chng hn khi mng mun khi u thng tin vi UE. UE phi c kh nng thu c thng tin tm gi trong ton b vng ph ca cell. Knh truy cp ngu nhin: Knh truy cp ngu nhin (RACH: Random Access Channel) l knh truyn ti ng ln, thng thu c t ton b cell, thc hin truyn thng tin iu khin t trm di ng. N c s dng mang thng tin iu khin t UE nh: yu cu thit lp mt kt ni. Knh gi chung ng ln: Knh gi chung ng ln (CPCH: Common Packet Channel) l mt m rng ca knh RACH mang s liu ca ngi s dng c pht theo gi trn ng ln. FACH ng xung cng vi knh ny to nn cp knh truyn s liu.

BS

Hnh 2.14 Knh truyn ti ng ln v ng xung.

Knh ng xung dng chung: Knh ng xung dng chung (DSCH: Dedicated Shared Channel) l knh truyn ti mang thng tin ca ngi s dng v/hoc thng tin iu khin. Nhiu ngi s dng c th dng chung knh ny. Xt v nhiu mt n ging nh knh truy cp ng xung, nhng knh dng chung h tr s dng iu khin cng sut nhanh cng nh tc bit thay i theo khung. FDD, n c kt hp vi mt hoc vi knh DCH ng xung. N c th c truyn trn ton b cell hoc ch trn mt phn cell ang s dng, v d cc anten dng bp. Cc knh truyn ti cn thit: Cc knh truyn ti chung cn thit cho vic hot ng cn bn ca mng l: RACH, FACH v PCH, cn vic s dng DSCH v CPCH l la chn v c th c quyt nh bi mng. 2.7 K thut tri ph trong thng tin di ng: Trong WCDMA vi bng tn 5MHz th ch tn ti duy nht phng thc tri ph chui trc tip DS vi tc chip l 3.84 Mcps.

27

Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

Trong WCDMA tng tc truyn d liu, phng php a truy cp kt hp TDMA v FDMA trong GSM c thay th bng phng php a truy cp CDMA hot ng bng tn rng (5MHz) gi l h thng thng tin tri ph. Trong cc h thng thng tin thng thng, rng bng tn l vn quan tm chnh v cc h thng ny c thit k s dng cng t rng bng tn cng tt. Tuy nhin, h thng thng tin tri ph (SS: Spread Spectrum), rng bng tn ca tn hiu c m rng, thng thng hng trm ln trc khi c pht. Khi ch c mt ngi s dng trong bng tn SS, s dng bng tn nh vy khng c hiu qu. Nhng trong mi trng nhiu ngi s dng, cc ngi s dng ny c th dng chung mt bng tn SS v h thng s dng bng tn c hiu qu m vn duy tr c cc u im ca tri ph.
Mt cng sut W/Hz

Tn hiu bng hp cha tri ph Tn hiu bng rng c tri ph

Tn s

Mt h thng thng tin s c coi lW ph nu: tri Tn hiu c pht chim rng bng tn ln hn rng bng tn ti thiu cn thit pht thng tin. Tri ph c thc hin bng mt m c lp vi s liu. C ba kiu h thng tri ph c bn:
Tri ph chui trc tip (DS/SS: Direct Sequence Spreading Spectrum). Tri ph kiu nhy tn (FH/SS: Frequency Hopping Spreading Spectrum). Tri ph nhy thi gian (TH/SS: Time Hopping Spreading Spectrum). Hnh 2.15 Tn hiu tri ph.

Ngoi ra cng c th tng hp cc h thng trn thnh h thng lai ghp. my pht, bn tin c tri ph bi m gi ngu nhin. M gi ngu nhin phi c thit k c rng bng ln hn nhiu so vi rng bng ca bn tin. pha thu, my thu s khi phc tn hiu gc bng cch nn ph ngc vi qu trnh tri ph bn my pht.

28

Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

Trong h thng DS/SS tt c cc ngi s dng cng dng chung mt bng tn v pht tn hiu ca h ng thi. My thu s dng tn hiu gi ngu nhin chnh xc ly ra tn hiu mong mun bng cch nn ph. Trong cc h thng FH/SS v TH/SS mi ngi s dng c n nh mt m gi ngu nhin sao cho khng c cp my pht no s dng cng tn s hay cng khe thi gian, nh vy cc my pht s trnh c xung t. Nh vy, FH v TH l cc kiu h thng trnh xung t, trong khi DS l kiu h thng ly trung bnh.
2.8 Chuyn giao:

Chuyn giao l phng tin cn thit thu bao c th di ng trong mng. Khi thu bao chuyn ng t vng ph sng ca mt cell ny sang mt cell khc th kt ni vi cell mi phi c thit lp v kt ni vi cell c phi c hy b. 2.8.1 Mc ch ca chuyn giao: L do c bn ca vic chuyn giao l kt ni v tuyn khng tha mn mt b tiu chun nht nh v do hoc UE hoc UTRAN s thc hin cc cng vic ci thin kt ni . Khi thc hin cc kt ni chuyn mch gi, chuyn giao c thc hin khi c UE v mng u thc hin truyn gi khng thnh cng. Cc iu kin chuyn giao thng gp l: iu kin cht lng tn hiu, tnh cht di chuyn ca thu bao, s phn b lu lng, bng tn iu kin cht lng tn hiu l iu kin khi cht lng hay cng tn hiu v tuyn b suy gim di mt ngng nht nh. Chuyn giao ph thuc vo cht lng tn hiu c thc hin cho c hng ln ln hng xung ca ng truyn dn v tuyn. Chuyn giao do nguyn nhn lu lng xy ra khi dung lng lu lng ca cell t ti mt gii hn ti a cho php hoc vt qu ngng gii hn . Khi cc thu bao ngoi ra ca cell (c mt ti cao) s c chuyn giao sang cell bn cnh (c mt ti thp). S lng chuyn giao ph thuc vo tc di chuyn ca thu bao. Khi UE di chuyn theo mt hng nht nh khng thay i, tc di chuyn ca UE cng cao th cng c nhiu chuyn giao thc hin trong UTRAN. Quyt nh thc hin chuyn giao thng thng c thc hin bi RNC ang phc v thu bao , loi tr trng hp chuyn giao v l do lu lng. Chuyn giao do nguyn nhn lu lng c thc hin bi trung tm chuyn mch di ng (MSC). 2.8.2 Trnh t chuyn giao: Trnh t chuyn giao gm c ba pha nh trn hnh 2.27, bao gm: pha o lng, pha quyt nh v pha thc hin. o lng l nhim v quan trng trong qu trnh chuyn giao v hai l do c bn sau:

29

Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

Mc tn hiu trn ng truyn dn v tuyn thay i rt ln ty thuc vo fainh v tn hao ng truyn. Nhng thay i ny ph thuc vo mi trng trong cell v tc di chuyn ca thu bao. S lng cc bo co o lng qu nhiu s lm nh hng n ti h thng. thc hin chuyn giao, trong sut qu trnh kt ni, UE lin tc o cng tn hiu ca cc cell ln cn v thng bo kt qu ti mng, ti b iu khin truy nhp v tuyn RNC.
o lng: - o cc tham s. - Bo co cc tham s o c Quyt nh: - Cc tham s thut ton. - Cc c tnh chuyn giao. Thc hin: - Tn hiu chuyn giao. - Phn b ti nguyn v tuyn.

Hnh 2.16 Tin trnh thc hin chuyn giao.

Pha quyt nh chuyn giao bao gm nh gi tng th v QoS ca kt ni so snh n vi cc thuc tnh QoS yu cu v c lng t cc cell ln cn. Ty theo kt qu so snh m ta c th quyt nh thc hin hay khng thc hin chuyn giao. SRNC kim tra cc gi tr ca cc bo co o c kch hot mt b cc iu kin chuyn giao. Nu cc iu kin ny b kch hot, RNC phc v s cho php thc hin chuyn giao. Cn c vo quyt nh chuyn giao, c th phn chia chuyn giao ra thnh hai loi nh sau: Chuyn giao quyt nh bi mng (NEHO). Chuyn giao quyt nh bi thu bao di ng (MEHO).

Trong trng hp chuyn giao thc hin bi mng (NEHO), SRNC thc hin quyt nh chuyn giao. Trong trng hp MEHO, UE thc hin quyt nh chuyn giao. Trong trng hp kt hp c hai loi chuyn giao NEHO v MEHO, quyt nh chuyn giao c thc hin bi s phi hp gia SRNC vi UE. Ngay c trong trng hp chuyn giao MEHO, quyt nh cui cng v vic thc hin chuyn giao l do SRNC. RNC c trch nhim qun l ti nguyn v tuyn (RRM) ca ton b h thng. Quyt nh chuyn giao da trn cc thng tin o c ca UE v BS cng nh cc iu kin thc hin thut ton chuyn giao. Nguyn tc chung thc hin thut
30

Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

ton chuyn giao c th hin trn hnh 2.28. iu kin u l cc iu kin thc hin quyt nh ca thut ton da trn mc tn hiu hoa tiu do UE thng bo.

Cng tn hiu

Gii hn chuyn giao Tn hiu tng Ngng trn Ngng di

Tn hiu A

Tn hiu B

Hnh 2.17 Nguyn tc chung (1) (2)cc thut ton chuyn giao. ca (3)
Thi gian Cc thut ng v cc tham s sau c s dng trong thut ton chuyn giao:

Ngng gii hn trn: l mc tn hiu ca kt ni t gi tr cc i cho php Cell A Cell B tha mn mt cht lng dch v QoS yu cu. Ngng gii hn di: l mc tn hiu ca kt ni t gi tr cc tiu cho php tha mn mt cht lng dch v QoS yu cu. Do mc tn hiu ca ni kt khng c nm di ngng . Gii hn chuyn giao: l tham s c nh ngha trc c thit lp ti im m cng tn hiu ca cell bn cnh (cell B) vt qu cng tn hiu ca cell hin ti (cell A) mt lng nht nh. Tp tch cc: l mt danh sch cc nhnh tn hiu (cc cell) m UE thc hin kt ni ng thi ti mng truy nhp v tuyn (UTRAN). Gi s thu bao UE trong cell A ang chuyn ng v pha cell B, tn hiu hoa tiu ca cell A b suy gim n mc ngng gii hn di. Khi t ti mc ny, xut hin cc bc chuyn giao theo cc bc sau y: (1) Cng tn hiu A bng vi mc ngng gii hn di. Cn tn hiu B s c RNC nhp vo tp tch cc. Khi UE s thu tn hiu tng hp ca hai kt ni ng thi n UTRAN. (2) Ti v tr ny, cht lng tn hiu B tt hn tn hiu A nn n c coi l im khi u khi tnh ton gii hn chuyn giao.

31

Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

(3) Cng tn hiu B bng hoc tt hn ngng gii hn di. Tn hiu A b xa khi tp tch cc bi RNC. Kch c ca tp tch cc c th thay i c v thng thng trong khong t 1 n 3 tn hiu. 2.8.3 Cc loi chuyn giao: Ty theo hnh thc s dng trong cc c ch chuyn giao, c th phn chia chuyn giao thnh cc nhm nh: chuyn giao cng, chuyn giao mm v chuyn giao mm hn. 2.8.3.1 Chuyn giao mm v mm hn: Chuyn giao mm v mm hn da nguyn tc kt ni ni trc khi ct (Make before break). - Chuyn giao mm hay chuyn giao gia cc cell l chuyn giao c thc hin gia cc cell khc nhau, trong trm di ng bt u thng tin vi mt trm gc mi m vn cha ct thng tin vi trm gc c. Chuyn giao mm ch c th c thc hin khi c trm gc c ln trm gc mi u lm vic cng mt tn s. MS thng tin vi 2 sector ca 2 cell khc nhau (chuyn giao 2 ng) hoc vi 3 sector ca 3 cell khc nhau (chuyn giao 3 ng). - Chuyn giao mm hn l chuyn giao c thc hin khi UE chuyn giao gia 2 sector ca cng mt cell hoc chuyn giao gia 2 cell do cng mt BS qun l. y l loi chuyn giao trong tn hiu mi c thm vo hoc xa khi tp tch cc, hoc thay th bi tn hiu mnh hn trong cc sector khc nhau ca cng BS. Trong trng hp chuyn giao mm hn, BS pht trong mt sector nhng thu t nhiu sector khc nhau. Khi c chuyn giao mm v chuyn giao mm hn c thc hin ng thi, trng hp ny gi l chuyn giao mm - mm hn.
- Chuyn giao mm - mm hn: MS thng tin vi hai sector ca cng mt cell v

mt sector ca cell khc. Cc ti nguyn mng cn cho kiu chuyn giao ny gm ti nguyn cho chuyn giao mm hai ng gia cell A v B cng vi ti nguyn cho chuyn giao mm hn ti cell B.

32

Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

Cell A

Cell B

Cell A Cell B


Cell A


Cell B


Cell C

Chuyn giao hai ng

Chuyn giao ba ng

Hnh 2.18 Chuyn giao mm



Cell A


Cell B

Hnh 2.19 Chuyn giao mm - mm hn.

2.8.3.2 Chuyn giao cng: Chuyn giao cng c thc hin khi cn chuyn knh lu lng sang mt knh tn s mi. Cc h thng thng tin di ng t ong FDMA v TDMA u ch s dng phng thc chuyn giao ny. Chuyn giao cng da trn nguyn tc ct trc khi ni (Break Before Make) c th c chia thnh: chuyn giao cng cng tn s v chuyn giao cng khc tn s. Trong qu trnh chuyn giao cng, kt ni c c gii phng trc khi thc hin kt ni mi. Do vy, tn hiu b ngt trong khong thi gian chuyn giao. Tuy nhin, thu bao khng c kh nng nhn bit c khong ngng . Trong trng hp chuyn giao cng khc tn s, tn s sng mang ca knh truy cp v tuyn mi khc so vi tn s sng mang hin ti.

33

Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

Nhc im ca chuyn giao cng l c th xy ra rt cuc gi do cht lng ca knh mi chuyn n tr nn qu xu trong khi knh c b ct. 2.9 iu khin cng sut: Trong WCDMA, iu khin cng sut c thc hin cho c ng ln ln ng xung. V c bn, iu khin cng sut ng xung c mc ch nhm ti thiu nhiu n cc cell khc v b nhiu do cc cell khc gy ra cng nh nhm t c mc SNR yu cu. Tuy nhin, iu khin cng sut cho ng xung khng thc s cn thit nh iu khin cng sut cho ng ln. H thng WCDMA s dng cng sut ng xung nhm ci thin tnh nng h thng bng cch kim sot nhiu t cc cell khc. iu khin cng sut ng ln tc ng ln cc knh truy nhp v lu lng. N c s dng thit lp ng truyn khi khi to cuc gi v phn ng ln cc thng ging tn hao ng truyn ln. Mc ch chnh ca iu khin cng sut ng ln nhm khc phc hiu ng xa-gn bng cch duy tr mc cng sut truyn dn ca cc my di ng trong cell nh nhau ti my thu trm gc vi cng mt QoS. Do vy vic iu khin cng sut ng ln l thc hin tinh chnh cng sut truyn dn ca my di ng. H thng WCDMA s dng hai phng php iu khin cng sut khc nhau (xem hnh 2.32): iu khin cng sut vng h (OLPC). iu khin cng sut (nhanh) vng kn (CLPC). iu khin cng sut vng trong. iu khin cng sut vng ngoi.

RNC UE BS
iu khin cng sut vng h iu khin cng sut vng kn iu khin cng sut (nhanh) vng trong iu khin cng sut vng ngoi

Hnh 2.20 Cc c ch iu khin cng sut ca WCDMA. 2.9.1 iu khin cng sut vng h (OLPC): 34

Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

Mt phng php iu khin cng sut l o s iu khuch (AGC-Automatic Gain Control) my thu di ng. Trc khi pht, trm di ng gim st tng cng sut thu c t trm gc. Cng sut o c cho thy tn hao ng truyn i vi tng ngi s dng. Trm di ng iu chnh cng sut pht ca mnh t l nghch vi tng cng sut m n thu c. C th phi iu chnh cng sut mt di ng ln ti 80 dB. Phng php ny c gi l iu chnh cng sut vng h, phng php ny trm gc khng tham gia vo cc th tc iu khin cng sut. OLPC s dng ch yu iu khin cng sut cho ng ln. Trong qu trnh iu khin cng sut, UE xc nh cng tn hiu truyn dn bng cch o c mc cng sut thu ca tn hiu hoa tiu t BS ng xung. Sau , UE iu chnh mc cng sut truyn dn theo hng t l nghch vi mc cng sut tn hiu hoa tiu thu c. Do vy, nu mc cng sut tn hiu hoa tiu cng ln th mc cng sut pht ca UE (P_trx) cng nh.
BS
c tnh cng hoa tiu

UE
P_trx = 1/cng hoa tiu

Hnh 2.32 OLPC ng ln Vic iu khin cng sut vng h l cn thit xc nh mc cng sut pht ban u (khi khi to kt ni).

2.9.2 iu khin cng sut vng kn (CLPC): CLPC c s dng iu khin cng sut khi kt ni c thit lp. Mc ch chnh l b nhng nh hng ca s bin i nhanh ca mc tn hiu v tuyn. Do , chu k iu khin phi nhanh phn ng li s thay i nhanh ca mc tn hiu v tuyn. Trong CLPC, BS iu khin UE tng hoc gim cng sut pht. Quyt nh tng hoc gim cng sut ph thuc vo mc tn hiu thu SNR ti BS. Khi BS thu tn hiu t UE, n so snh mc tn hiu thu vi mt mc ngng cho trc. Nu mc tn hiu thu c vt qu mc ngng cho php, BS s gi lnh iu khin cng sut pht (TPC) ti UE gim mc cng sut pht ca UE. Nu mc tn hiu thu c nh hn mc ngng, BS s gi lnh iu khin n UE tng mc cng sut pht.
Quyt nh iu khin cng sut BS

Lnh TPC

UE
iu chnh P_trx ca UE theo lnh TPC

Lnh TPC

UE
iu chnh P_trx ca UE theo lnh TPC

TPC: Transmit Power Control: iu khin cng sut truyn dn.


Hnh 2.21 C ch iu khin cng sut CLPC.

35

Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

Cc tham s c s dng nh gi cht lng cng sut thu nhm thc hin quyt nh iu khin cng sut nh: SIR, t l li khung-FER, t l li bit BER. C ch CLPC ni trn l c ch iu khin cng sut vng trong v c ch iu khin cng sut nhanh nht trong h thng WCDMA. 2.9.3 Cc trng hp iu khin cng sut c bit: Ngoi c ch iu khin cng sut thng thng, trong WCDMA cn c nhng trng hp iu khin cng sut c bit nh: iu khin cng sut kt hp vi chuyn giao mm. iu khin cng sut kt hp vi phn tp v tr trm (SSDT). iu khin cng sut ch nn.

BS
TCP: Gim cng sut

BS
TCP: Tng cng sut TCP: Tng cng sut

BS
TCP: Tng cng sut

BS
TCP: Tng cng sut

UE

TCP: Tng cng sut Hnh 2.22 iu khin cng sut kt hp vi chuyn giao mm.

UE

Mc cng sut gim vic la

trng thi chuyn giao mm, cng sut pht ca UE c iu chnh da trn Kim tra tin cy TCP BS BS chn lnh iu khin cngcng sut gim ph hp nht t nhng lnh iu khin Mc sut (TPC) cng sut m n nhn c t cc BS c kt ni n UE . UE thc hin lnh iu khin cng sut theo nguyn tc: nu bt k mt lnh iu khin cng sut no yu cu gim cng sut th UE s gim cng sut pht ca n. Ngoi ra, n c th s dng mt mc ngng xc nh cc lnh iu khin tin cy da vo c th tng hoc gim cng sut. i vi SSTD da trn nguyn tc: BS c mc tn hiu mnh nht s c la chn l BS truyn dn. Sau , cc BS khc c kt ni ng thi ti UE s kha knh vt l s liu dnh ring (DPDCH). Do vy, cng sut pht ca UE c iu chnh da trn lnh iu khin cng sut ca BS c mc tn hiu mnh nht. Phng php ny c th gim can nhiu ng xung khi UE trng thi chuyn giao mm. Vi ch nn, hot ng thu, pht ca BS v UE b ngt theo mt chu k nh trc c thi gian thc hin o lng cc tn s v tuyn ca cc h thng khc trong trng hp chuyn giao gia cc h thng. Do vy, qu trnh iu khin cng sut cng b ngt. Khi , UE s thc hin vic tng hoc gim cng sut vi bc iu chnh ln hn bnh thng m bo mc SIR ph hp.

36

Chng 2: Cu trc mng WCDMA v cc vn lin quan

Kt lun chng 2: Trong chng ny, chng ta i vo vic phn tch cu trc mng WCDMA, bao gm cc phn t mng truy cp v tuyn, mng li; chc nng ca cc phn t, cc giao din mng, m hnh giao thc phn lp ca h thng UMTS - c s cu trc h thng cho WCDMA. T vic hiu v cu trc mng, chng ta cng cn phi quan tm n vn sp xp cc knh trong UTRAN v phng thc iu ch, tri ph c s dng trong mng.. Lp vt l nh hng ln n s phc tp ca thit b v mt m bo kh nng x l bng tn c s cn thit trm gc v trm u cui. Trn quan im dch v cc h thng th h ba l cc h thng bng rng, v th khng th thit k lp vt l ch cho mt dch v thoi duy nht m cn m bo tnh linh hot cho cc dch v tng lai. Ngoi ra cng cp n giao din v tuyn bao gm chuyn giao v iu khin cng sut. Chuyn giao c khi u v thc hin m ngi s dng khng c nh thng tin knh lu lng ng thi vi hai BS. Trong 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA, iu khin cng sut l rt quan trng nhm t c mc cht lng nht nh. Song song vi qu trnh iu khin cng sut cn c chuyn giao mm trnh hiu ng gn xa v gim nhiu giao thoa trong h thng. iu khin cng sut hot ng ng th UE lun th kt ni vi BS m t BS , UE c th thu c tn hiu mnh nht. Chuyn giao mm c th m bo c rng UE ti mi thi im c kt ni n tn hiu mnh nht, trong khi chuyn giao cng khng m bo c iu ny.

37

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