DTM Khu Vui Choi Giai Tri - Biet Thu

TM DA Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu-X Ph Linh, H.
Sc Sn, TP H Ni
M u
1. Xut x ca d n
Nhu cu u t xy dng Khu du lch vn ha, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n
Sc, huyn Sc Sn xut pht t chnh sch pht trin kinh t x hi ca ng cng
sn Vit Nam v Nh nc cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam, xut pht t mc
tiu ca chnh ch ngha x hi l khng ngng p ng nhu cu i sng vt cht v
tinh thn ngy cng cao ca nhn dn, t chnh sch mi trng ca Nh nc ta v
cui cng l mc tiu pht trin th H Ni thnh mt trung tm vn ha ca c
nc v ca khu vc, xng ng vi lch s v truyn thng ca Thng Long ngn
nm.
Trc tnh hnh , s cnh tranh v du lch gia cc nc trong khu vc ngy
cng tr nn gay gt. T nhng nc c du lch pht trin nh Thi Lan, Malaysia,
Singapore n nhng nc c ngnh du lich km pht trin du lch nh Myanmar,
Lo, Campuchia u c chin lc u tin pht trin du lch. So vi cc nc trong
khu vc, du lch Vit nam cn c yu km nh cha c nhiu khu du lch tm c
quc gia v quc t, cha c nhiu sn phm du lch cht lng cao, hp dn, cht
lng dch v cha cao, c s vt cht k thut cha ng b, i ng cn b qun l
cn thiu v yu v nghip v, mt s chnh sch cha thc s thun li cho khch
du lch.
Trc nhu cu pht trin tr thnh mt ngnh kinh t mi nhn, Du lch Vit
nam cn c mt chin lc pht trin ng n, mt chng trnh hnh ng mnh
m, ng b trong phm vi c nc, vi s tham gia ca cc cp, cc ngnh, cc a
phng v s hng ng ca ton x hi. Nhn thc c vn , Cng ty c
phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni sau khi nghin cu kho st th
trng, quyt nh trin khai d n u t xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit
th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th h ng n)]
ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni thuc Khu du lch vn ho, ngh
ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni nhm tng bc
nng cao cht lng v s lng c s h tng, ng thi to thm th v lc mi
phc v cho pht trin du lch ca th .
Cho n nay, mt s khu du lch cc a phong quanh H ni c a
vo khai thc du lch nh: Khu du lch sui Ngc - Vua b (tnh Ho Bnh), Khu du
lch i Li (tnh Vnh Phc), Vn Quc gia Ba V, Khu du lch Sui Tin, Khu du
lch ng M - Sn Ty (tnh H Ty c),Vi khong cch trung bnh trn di 60
km, khch du lch c th d dng tip cn cc im du lch , c bit l vo cc
ngy ngh cui tun, cc khu du lch p ng phn no nhu cu vui chi, ngh
C quan ch u t: Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H
Ni
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TM DA Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu-X Ph Linh, H. Sc Sn, TP H Ni
ngi ca du khch. Tuy nhin, v c s h tng, cc tuyn im du lch ny cha p
ng c yu cu ca du khch. Nguyn nhn ch yu l do mi ch c khai thc,
tn dng nhng g sn c m cha c u t nhiu vo c s h tng v cc dch
v vui chi gii tr.
Vi thc t , H ni cn c thm nhng khu du lch v vui chi, gii tr c
u t vi quy m ln v hon chnh nhm p ng nhu cu vui chi, gii tr v ngh
dng ca ngi dn H ni, ca ngi dn sng cc vng ln cn H Ni v ca
du khch quc t.
Trong xu th pht trin th hin nay, vic xy dng cc khu th mi, c
bit l cc khu vc ngoi vi trung tm thnh ph ang l mt xu hng ch o
nhm p ng nhu cu v nh cho nhn dn. Trong , nhu cu v nh ca tng
lp dn c c thu nhp cao l rt ln. Qua nghin cu, kho st nhu cu th trng
cho thy, mc sng ca ngi dn Vit nam ni chung v ca ngi dn H ni ni
ring ngy cng n nh v tng cao. Nhu cu c sng trong nhng ngi nh p,
gia khung cnh thin nhin, xa trung tm thnh ph, gn khu du lch sinh thi l rt
ln v hon ton c th thc hin c. Hn th na, Sc Sn, vn cha c mt d
n pht trin th cao cp no p ng nhu cu . V vy, vic Cng ty c phn
u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni trin khai d n xy dng Khu vui
chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm
bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni trong s
lin kt cht ch vi Khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc,
huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni l ht sc cn thit v ph hp vi xu th pht
trin th ngy nay.
Song song trin khai cc cng tc thc hin d n, ch u t, Cng ty c phn
u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni phi hp vi c quan t vn Cng
ty TNHH cng ngh mi trng v trc a bn Khi Nguyn xy dng bo co
nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) cho d n. Mc ch ca bo co TM cho d
n trn c s phn tch c cn c khoa hc nhng tc ng li hoc hi m cc hot
ng ca d n c th tc ng n mi trng trong khu vc trin khai d n v khu
vc xung quanh, t rt ra kt lun c th v xut cc kin ngh nhm x l mt
cch tha ng nhng mu thun gia hot ng kinh doanh dch v v nhim v bo
v mi trng, m bo thc hin ng Lut Bo v mi trng 2005, cc Ngh nh
ca Chnh ph, yu cu ca UBND thnh ph H Ni v cc c quan chc nng a
phng, ni trin khai d n.
2. Cn c php lut v k thut ca vic thc hin TM
- Lut t ai nm 2003
- Lut t ai sa i nm 2009
Ni
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- Lut Bo v mi trng Nc CHXHCN Vit Nam do Quc hi thng qua
ngy 29.11.2005 v c Ch tch nc k lnh cng b ngy 01. 07.2006,
- Lut Ha cht 06/2007/QH12
- Lut u t ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005, c hiu lc thi hnh ngy 1 thng 7
nm 2006 (iu 29)
- Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 do Quc hi nc Cng
ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam thng qua ti k hp th 4 kho XI,
- Lut Doanh nghip s 60/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 v cc vn bn hng
dn thi hnh Lut Doanh nghip,
- Lut Ti nguyn Nc ngy 20 thng 5 nm 1998,
- Lut tiu chun v qui chun k thut c QH kha XI, k hp th 9 thng
qua ngy 29 thng 6 nm 2006
- Lut Bo v sc khe nhn dn, QH thng qua ngy 30 thng 6 nm 1989
- Ngh quyt 05/2005/NQ-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 18/04/2005 v y mnh x
hi ha cc hot ng gio dc, y t, vn ha v th dc th thao,
- Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v qui nh chi
tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng,
- Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28 thng 2 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph v
sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP,
- Ngh nh s 81/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph v x pht vi phm hnh chnh
trong lnh vc bo v mi trng,
- Ngh nh s 24/2007/N-CP ngy 14 thng 2 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph qui
nh chi tit thi hnh Lut thu thu nhp doanh nghip,
- Ngh nh s 142/2005/N-CP ngy 14 thng 11 nm 2005 ca Chnh ph v
thu tin thu t, thu mt nc
- Ngh nh s 181/2004/N-CP ngy 29/10/2004 ca Chnh ph v hng dn
thi hnh Lut t ai,
- Ngh nh s 108/2006/N-CP ngy 22/09/2006 ca Chnh Ph v vic Quy
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut u t,
- Ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27/7/2004 ca Chnh ph quy nh vic
cp php thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc, x nc thi vo ngun nc
- Ngh nh s 16/2005/N-CP ngy 7/02/2005 ca Chnh ph v "Qun l d
n u t xy dng cng trnh",
- Ngh nh s 112/2006/N-CP ngy 29/9/2006 ca Chnh ph v "Sa i, b
sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 16/2005/N-CP ngy 7/2/2005",
Ni
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- Ngh nh s 99/2007/N-CP ca Chnh ph v qun l chi ph u t xy
dng cng trnh,
- Ngh nh s 51/1999 N-CP ngy 8/7/1999 ca Chnh ph "Quy nh chi tit
Lut khuyn khch u t trong nc",
- Ngh nh s 59/2007 N-CP ngy 9/4/2007 ca Chnh ph v "Qun l cht
thi rn,
- Ngh nh s 174/2007 N-CP ngy 29/11/2007 ca Chnh ph v ph bo v
mi trng i vi cht thi rn,
- Ngh nh s 04/2007/N-CP ngy 8/1/2007 ca Chnh ph sa i, b sung
mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/6/2003 v ph bo v mi
trng i vi nc thi,
- Thng t 15/2005/TT-BXD ngy 19-8-2005 ca B Xy dng hng dn lp,
thm nh, ph duyt quy hoch xy dng,
- Thng t s 33/2009/TT-BXD ngy 30 thng 9 nm 2009 ca B Xy dng
ban hnh qui chun k thut quc gia v phn loi, phn cp cng trnh xy dng dn
dng, cng nghip v h tng k thut th
- Thng t s 38/2007/TT-BNN ngy 25/4/2007 Hng dn trnh t, th tc
giao rng, cho thu rng, thu hi rng cho t chc, h gia nh, c nhn v cng
ng dn c thn
- Thng t s 34/2009/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 10/6/2009 ca B Nng nghip v
Pht trin nng thn quy nh tiu ch xc nh v phn loi rng
- Thng t 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/9/2006 ca B TN & MT v vic
hng dn MC, TM v cam kt bo v mi trng (Ph lc 4),
- Thng t 10/2000/TT-BXD, ngy 08/08/2000 ca B Xy dng v hng dn
lp Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng i vi cc n quy hoch xy dng,
- Quyt nh s 16/2008/Q-BTNMT ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2008 ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh qui chun k thut quc gia v mi trng
- Thng t s 04/2009/TT-BYT ngy 17 thng 6 nm 2009 ca B Y t ban
hnh Qui chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc n ung,
- Thng t s 05/2009/TT-BYT ngy 17 thng 6 nm 2009 ca B Y t ban
hnh Qui chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc sinh hot,
- Thng t s 05/2007/TT-BXD ngy 25/7/2007 ca B Xy dng hng dn
vic lp v qun l chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh,
- Thng t s 16/2009/Q-BTNMT ngy 07 thng 10 nm 2009 ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh 02 Qui chun k thut quc gia v mi trng khng
kh xung quanh,
Ni
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- Thng t s 25/2009/Q-BTNMT ngy 16 thng 11 nm 2009 ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh 08 Qui chun k thut quc gia v mi trng
- Thng t s 99/2006/TT-BNN ngy 06 thng 11 nm 2006 ca B Nng
nghip v PTNT Hng dn thc hin mt s iu ca Quy ch qun l rng ban
hnh km theo Quyt nh s 186/2006/Q-TTg, ngy 14/8/2006 ca Th tng
Chnh ph
- Thng t s 18/200/TT-BTC ngy 1/3/2000 ca B Ti Chnh hng dn mt
s iu Ngh nh s 73/1999/N-CP ca Chnh Ph v chnh sch khuyn khch x
hi ha i vi cc hot ng trong lnh vc gio dc, y t, vn ha, th thao.
- Thng t s 09/2009/TT-BNN ngy 03/03/2009 ca B Nng nghip v Pht
trin nng thn v vic ban hnh danh mc thuc bo v thc vt c php s dng,
hn ch s dng, cm s dng Vit Nam
- Thng t s 20/2009/TT-BNN ngy 17/04/2009 ca B Nng nghip v Pht
trin nng thn v sa i, b sung mt s ni dung ca Thng t s 09/2009/TT-
BNN ngy 03/03/2009 v vic ban hnh danh mc thuc bo v thc vt c php
s dng, hn ch s dng, cm s dng Vit Nam
- Thng t s 17/2009/TT-BNN ngy 27 thng 03 nm 2009 ca B Nng
nghip v Pht trin Nng thn ban hnh Danh mc b sung phn bn c php
sn xut, kinh doanh v s dng Vit Nam.
- Quyt nh s 155/1999/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ngy 16/7/1999
v Quy ch qun l CTR nguy hi c ban hnh km theo.
- Quyt nh s 41/2007/Q-TTg ngy 11-4-2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph
v cc trng hp c bit ch nh thu quy nh ti im khon 1 iu 101 ca
Lut xy dng,
- Quyt nh s 1088/2006/Q/BKH ngy 19/10/2006 ca B k hoch v
u t v vic ban hnh cc mu vn bn thc hin th tc u t ti Vit Nam,
- Quyt nh s 21/2005/Q-BXD ngy 22/7/2005 ca B trng B Xy
dng v vic ban hnh quy nh h thng k hiu bn v trong cc n quy hoch
xy dng,
- Quyt nh s 06/2005/Q-BXD ngy 03/2/2005 ca B trng B xy
dung v vic ban hnh nh mc chi ph quy hoch xy dng,
- Quyt nh 33/2004/Q-BTC ngy 12/4/2004 ca B trng B ti chnh v
vic ban hnh nh mc chi ph bo him cng trnh,
- Vn bn s 1751/BXD-VP ngy 14 thng 8 nm 2007 ca B Xy dng v
vic ban hnh nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng cng trnh,
Ni
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- Quyt nh s 969/Q-BTN&MT ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic
u quyn cho Cc trng Cc qun l ti nguyn nc cp php, thm d, khai thc,
s dng ti nguyn nc v hnh ngh khoan nc di t,
- Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTN&MT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn
v Mi trng v vic ban hnh danh mc cht thi nguy hi,
- Ngh nh 88/2007/N- CP ngy 28/05/2007 ca chnh ph v thot nc
th v khu cng nghip.
Cng vn s 1599/BXD-VP ngy 25/07/2007 ca B Xy dng cng b
Phng php xc nh ch s gi xy dng,
- Quyt nh s 108/2009/Q-UBND ca UBND thnh ph ngy 29/09/2009
v vic ban hnh quy nh v bi thng, h tr v ti nh c khi Nh nc thu hi
t trn a bn thnh ph H Ni,
- Quyt nh s 40/2008/Q-UBND ngy 22/10/2008 ca UBND thnh ph
H Ni v vic Ban hnh gi xy dng mi nh , nh tm, vt kin trc trn a bn
thnh ph H Ni,
- Quyt nh s 62/2008/Q-UBND ngy 31/12/2008 ca UBND thnh ph
H Ni v gi cc loi t trn a bn thnh ph H Ni,
- Quyt nh s 22/2001/Q-UB ngy 08/05/2001 ca UBND thnh ph H
Ni v vic ph duyt quy hoch chi tit Khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun
khu vc n Sc, t l 1/2000 huyn Sc Sn H Ni,
- Quyt nh s 23/2001/Q - UB ngy 08/05/2001 ca UBND thnh ph H
Ni v/v ban hnh iu l qun l xy dng theo quy hoch chi tit Khu du lch vn
ha ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc huyn Sc Sn t l 1/2000,
- Cng vn s 708/CP CN ngy 28/05/2003 ca Th tng chnh ph v
vic thng qua Bo co nghin cu tin kh thi d n u t xy dng Khu du lch
sinh thi vn ho Sc Sn,
- Quyt nh s 1335/Q-UB ngy 17/03/2006 ca UBND thnh ph H Ni
v vic giao cho Cng ty TNHH Thung Lng Vua (i din lin danh hai cng ty
gm: Cng ty TNHH Thung Lng Vua v Cng ty TNHH Thng mi v Sn xut
hng xut khu Ngn Anh) lm ch u t d n khu I, khu II Khu du lch sinh thi
Sc Sn, a im x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni,
- Quyt nh s 2382/Q-UBND ngy 23/05/2006 ca UBND thnh ph H
Ni v vic chuyn ch u t d n khu I, khu II Khu du lch sinh thi Sc Sn t
Cng ty TNHH Thung Lng Vua (i din lin danh) sang Cng ty TNHH u t
dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni (php nhn thnh lp do Cng ty TNHH
Thung Lng Vua v Cng ty TNHH thng mi v sn xut hng xut khu Ngn
Anh gp vn),
- Giy chng nhn u t s 01121000002 do UBND thnh ph cp .
Ni
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- Vn bn s 2066/UBND-KH&T ca UBND thnh ph H Ni ngy
18/04/2007 v vic chp thun v mt nguyn tc vic Cng ty TNHH u t dch
v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni chuyn i thnh Cng ty C phn u t dch v
vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni,
- Giy chng nhn u t s 01121000002iu chnh ngy 28/08/2007 ca
UBND thnh ph, trong , chuyn ch u t d n thnh cng ty C phn u t
dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni (do cng ty chuyn t cng ty TNHH thnh
cng ty C phn),
- Quyt nh s 4596/Q-UBND ca UBND thnh ph ngy 16/11/2007 v
vic giao nhim v cho Trung tm pht trin qu t huyn Sc Sn gii phng mt
bng d n khu I, khu II Khu du lch sinh thi Sc Sn,
- Nhim v Quy hoch chi tit d n u t xy dng Khu I (phn dch v
cng cng, cm bit th h ng n) ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph
H Ni thuc Khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc
Sn, thnh ph H Ni s 251/Q-UBND ca UBND thnh ph ngy 16/01/2008,
- Quyt nh s 786/Q-UBND ca UBND thnh ph H Ni ngy
17/09/2008 v vic giao t cho Trung tm pht trin qu t huyn Sc Sn thc
hin vic bi thng, h tr v ti nh c chun b thc hin d n theo quy hoch,
- Cng vn s 761/QHKT-P3 ca S Quy hoch kin trc ngy 28/04/2008 v
vic ph duyt Ranh gii lp Quy hoch chi tit 1/500,
05/10/2009 v vic Ph duyt Quy hoch chi tit xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu
bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th h ng
n) thuc khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc huyn Sc
Sn H Ni, t l 1/500],
05/10/2009 v vic ban hnh iu l qun l xy dng theo Quy hoch chi tit xy
dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng
cng, cm bit th h ng n) thuc khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu
vc n Sc huyn Sc Sn H Ni].
- Ch gii ng v s liu h tng k thut cho ton b d n.
- Tho thun cp in, cp nc, PCCC, s dng ngun nc,...
- Cc c s bn :
+ Bn iu chnh quy hoch s dng t ca huyn Sc Sn lin quan n
khu vc lp quy hoch;
+ Bn t l 1/500 khu vc Quy hoch chi tit xy dng Khu vui chi gii
tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th h
Ni
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ng n) thuc khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc huyn
Sc Sn H Ni],
+ Bn u ni h tng k thut ca Khu I vi Khu II v Khu II m rng
- Cc tiu chun, qui chun Nh nc Vit Nam v ch tiu mi trng:
QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut Vit Nam v gi tr gii hn
cc thng s c bn trong khng kh xung quanh (trung bnh 1gi)
QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut Vit Nam v mt s cht
c hi trong khng kh xung quanh
TCVN 5949-1995: Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c,
QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT: Qui chun quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i
vi bi v cc cht v c.
QCVN 01: 2009: Qui chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc n ung
QCVN 02: 2009: Qui chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc sinh hot
QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut quc gia v gii hn ti a cho
php hm lng tng s As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn trong
t, ct t s dng cho mc ch thng mi
QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut quc gia cht lng nc mt
QCVN 09: 2008: Qui chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc ngm
QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut quc gia v nc thi
sinh hot trc khi thi ra mi trng.
QCVN 15: 2008/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut quc gia v d lng ho cht
BVTV trong t
Tiu chun v sinh lao ng 3733/2002/Q-BYT ca B Y t,
- Cc tiu chun, qui chun Nh nc Vit Nam v xy dng
+ QCVN 03: 2009/BXD: Qui chun k thut quc gia v phn loi, phn cp
cng trnh xy dng dn dng, cng nghip v h tng k thut th
+ Tiu chun ti trng v tc ng : TCVN 2737-1995.
+ Tiu chun thit k BTCT : TCVN 5574-1991.
+ Tiu chun thit k nn nh v cng trnh : TCVN 45-78.
Cc s liu, d liu v quy hoch xy dng ca D n,
Cc c s d liu v iu kin t nhin-kinh t-x hi x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn,
thnh ph H Ni.
Cc s liu v hin trng mi trng ti khu vc trin khai d n do Trung tm cng
ngh x l mi trng - B t lnh Ho hc B Quc phng tin hnh kho st, o c v
phn tch trong qu trnh thc hin lp bo co TM cho d n.
Ni
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3. Phng php p dng trong qu trnh TM
Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c thc hin theo cc phng php sau:
+ Phng php iu tra kho st thc a: Phng php ny nhm nh gi hin trng
mi trng trong thc hin d n v khu vc xung quanh bng cch ly mu, phn tch cht
lng mi trng nc, t v khng kh v xc nh cc yu t mi trng khc nh: cc
ch tiu ha l, ting n, rung, iu kin vi kh hu... Phng php ny cng bao gm
vic thu nhp cc s liu v iu kin a l t nhin, kinh t x hi khu vc hot ng xy
dng, qu trnh s dng trn c s quy hoch xy dng ca d n. Chn ra nhng thng s
lin quan c tc ng n mi trng, lit k v phn tch cc s liu lin quan n cc
thng s .
+ Phng php phn tch h thng: Tp hp cc s liu thu thp v cc kt qu
phn tch cht lng mi trng, t xc nh nhng tc ng n mi trng v phm vi
nh hng ca cc yu t mi trng lin quan do hot ng xy dng ca d n.
+ Phng php tng hp: Tng hp cc s liu thu thp c, so snh vi tiu chun,
qui chun k thut mi trng Nh nc Vit Nam v cc tiu chun khc. Xy dng tng
tc gia hot ng xy dng, qu trnh s dng v tc ng ti cc yu t mi trng
xem xt ng thi nhiu tc ng, rt ra nhng kt lun nh hng i vi mi trng, ng
thi xut cc bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc trong c hai qu trnh: trin khai xy
dng v vn hnh d n.
4. T chc thc hin lp bo co TM
Bo co TM cho D n u t xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn
v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh,
huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni thuc Khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc
n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni ca ch u t, Cng ty C phn u t dch
v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni c thc hin bi cc chuyn gia, cn b k thut v
mi trng v xy dng ca Cng ty TNHH cng ngh mi trng v trc a bn Khi
Nguyn, c s phi hp vi cc cn b thuc cc c quan nh: Trung tm pht trin qu t
huyn Sc Sn, Chi nhnh Cng ty CP XD&KD nh Kim Sn, Trung tm cng ngh x l
mi trng-BTL Ho hcB Quc phng, UBND v cc phng chc nng huyn Sc Sn,
thnh ph H Ni, UBND v MTTQ x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn.
Bo co c thc hin trn c s: Nghin cu cc ti liu, d liu c lin quan v
a cht - Thy vn, a cht cng trnh, kh tng, dn c, kinh t x hi,... ca khu vc,
cc ti liu v thit k k thut quy hoch 1/500 xy dng d n. o c nh gi hin trng
cht lng mi trng ti phm vi khu vc d n v vng ln cn v t, nc, khng kh,
ting n, bi...nh gi v d bo cc tc ng n mi trng qu trnh xy dng v khai
thc s dng d n. a ra kt lun c th v xut phng n khng ch nhim mi
trng do hot ng xy dng, qu trnh s dng ca d n. Danh sch nhng ngi tham
gia lp bo co:
- Tng gim c : CN. on Mnh T
- Ch nhim bo co : Ths.Nguyn c Ton
Ni
16
- Ch tr thc hin : Ths.Nguyn c Ton
- B mn mi trng : Ths.L Vn Sn
- B mn mi trng : Ths.Nguyn Th Kim Ngn
- B mn cp thot nc : KS.inh Quc Hng
- B mn giao thng : KS.o c Thnh
- B mn cng ngh : KS.L Vn Cn
- B mn phn tch : ThS. Trn Quang nh
- B mn sinh thi : KS.Mai Th Thu
- B mn sinh thi : KS.Nguyn Phng Minh
Ngoi ra v pha Cng ty ch u t :
1. V Th Kim Thanh Tng gim c - Cng ty C phn u t dch v vui chi gii
tr th thao H Ni - Ch u t
2. Nguyn L Vit Hi, Cn b ph trch DA, Cng ty C phn u t dch v vui
chi gii tr th thao H Ni - Ch u t
Cc nhn vin, k thut vin ca Cng ty TNHH cng ngh mi trng v trc a bn
Khi Nguyn, Trung tm cng ngh x l mi trng-BTL Ho hc, Vn phng Cng ty
TNHH Thung Lng Vua ti H Ni...
Danh mc cc thit b s dng:
Laser dust monitor Model LD-1 SIBATA Japan
Sound level meter Model 2400 QUEST USA
Thit b o ting n tch phn CIRRUS - Model: CR-831A
My o n tch phn theo di tn Integrating Sound Level Meter (Jap)
Thit b ly mu kh CTET
Thit b ly mu t
My o to v tinh GPS Map 76 CSx, Garmin, M
My kim sot cht lng nc TOA model QWC 40A (M)
My o BOD model HACH-M
My o COD model PALINTEST - M
My so mu DRELL- 2040 - M.
My quang ph hp th nguyn t AAS 300PERKIN ELMER (c)
My quang ph hng ngoi IMPACT CHLB c
My quang ph t ngoi UV-VIS Model Lambda-14
Perkin Elmer (c)
B ly mu phn tch vi trng WHEATON - USA
My phn tch sc k ion Model CDD-10AVP Hng Shimadzu
My phn tch sc k kh GC 1022 Perkin Elmer USA
My phn tch cc ph Model 646VA Processor,
Hng Metrohom (Thu S)
Ni
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My phn tch sc k kh phn gii cao Model GC 6890N,
Detector khi ph phn gii thp Model 5975
Khi bm mu t ng Model 6783 B Series GC/MS - Agilent USA
My phn tch sc k lng cao p HP 1100A (USA)
My o bi Aerosol AM - SS950 (Eng)
Thit b o n tch phn tng hp, Hng TESTO (Germany)
My o pH Model 8311 E-Yokogawa (Nht)
My o hi kh c RIKEN Four Gas Portable Monitor (Japan)
Thit b phn tch nc HACH Water Laboratory
Model MEL/700 (USA)
Thit b bo qun, lu mu nc Frigor Denmark
Ngoi ra cn cc thit b chuyn dng khc phc v cho vic phn tch, tng hp cc
s liu cho bo co.
+ Cc thng s vi kh hu c xc nh ti hin trng bng cc my o hin s,
ly mu khng kh bng phng php hp th vi cc dung dch thch hp theo cc tiu
chun Vit Nam qui nh.
+ Ly mu nc theo tiu chun Vit Nam qui nh: TCVN5992-1995, TCVN 5993-
1995, TCVN-5994-1995; TCVN 5996-1995; TCVN 6000-1995
+ X l v bo qun mu nc theo TCVN-6663-14:2000, ISO 5667-14:1998.
+ Phn tch cht lng nc ngm theo TCVN 2672-78; TCVN 6200-1996; TCVN
6626-2000; TCVN 6177-1996; TCVN 6222-1996
+ Phn tch cht lng nc mt theo TCVN 5499-1995; TCVN 6491-1999; TCVN
6194 1996; TCVN 6195 1996;TCVN 6178-1996; TCVN 6180-1996; TCVN 6181-1996;
TCVN 5991-1995; TCVN 6002-1995; TCVN 6177-1996; TCVN 6216-1996
+ Phn tch cht lng nc thi theo TCVN 6492-1999; TCVN 6001-1995; TCVN
6625-2000; TCVN 6053-1995 ; TCVN 4567-1988; TCVN 5988-1995; TCVN 6180-1996;
TCVN 6336-1998; TCVN 6622-2000; TCVN 6494-1999; TCVN 6187 (1v 2) :1996;
Trung tm cng ngh x l mi trng, B t lnh Ho hc, B Quc phng l c
quan chu trch nhim ly mu, phn tch cc s liu v mi trng ti D n u t xy
dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng,
cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni thuc Khu
du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni
t thng 12 nm 2009 s dng cc thit b o nhanh ti hin trng bng cc thit b
hin s, ng thi cng tin hnh hp th cc tc nhn ho hc vo cc dung dch hp th
thch hp theo cc tiu chun Vit Nam qui nh: TCVN 5978-1995, TCVN5971-1995,
TCVN5972-1995, TCVN 5067 -1995; TCVN 6125-1996; TCVN 7725-2007; TCVN 7726-
2007; TCVN 6138-1996 v sau bo qun trong cc hm chuyn dng lu mu, bo qun
Ni
18
mu, chuyn ch v phng th nghim ca Trung tm phn tch trn cc thit b c
chnh xc cao. Cc s liu trong bo co l kt qu tng hp ca 2 phng php ni trn.
Cng ty TNHH cng ngh mi trng v trc a bn Khi Nguyn c thnh
lp t u nm 2006, giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh Cng ty TNHH c hai thnh vin
tr ln s 0102028472 ngy 6 thng 10 nm 2006, ng k thay i ln hai ngy 9 thng 12
nm 2008.
Trung tm cng ngh x l mi trng thuc B Quc phng l c s c B Khoa
hc v Cng ngh cp php hot ng trong lnh vc bo v mi trng theo Giy chng
nhn ng k hot ng khoa hc v cng ngh s A358, k gia hn ngy 12/4/2005, Giy
chng nhn phng phn tch ph hp tiu chun ISO/IEC 17025 : 2005, c cp chng ch
VILAS s 319. Cc kim knh vin ca Trung tm c hc tp, kim tra v cp gia hn th
kim nh vin trong 2 nm/ln ca Tng cc tiu chun, o lng, cht lng.
Cng ty TNHH cng ngh mi trng v trc a bn Khi Nguyn phi hp
cng vi Trung tm cng ngh x l mi trng v ang tham gia t vn lp bo co
TM, bo co hin trng mi trng hng nm cho nhiu nh my, doanh nghip, Cng ty
100% vn nc ngoi trong v ngoi ti cc khu cng nghip trn a bn tnh, ng thi
Trung tm cng ngh x l mi trng l c quan cung cp cc s liu o c, phn tch
phc v vic lp bo co hin trng mi trng hng nm ca B Ti nguyn & Mi trng,
Tng cc mi trng, Chi cc BVMT cc tnh, thnh ph.
Ni
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Chng 1
m t tm tt d n
1.1 Tn d n
Tn ting Vit: D n u t xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr
Khu bit th bn v cho thu
[Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th h ng n)]
ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni thuc Khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi
cui tun khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni
a im thc hin d n: X Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni
Mc tiu chung ca d n: D n c trin khai nhm thc hin mc tiu pht trin kinh
t x hi v nng cao i sng vn ho trn a bn khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh
ph H Ni, c th l:
- Pht huy c u th v iu kin t nhin v x hi ca vng, ng thi gi gn, ci to
v bo v cnh quan mi trng.
- Gp phn t im v p ni bt ca khu n Sc - Sc Sn - H Ni bng h thng qun
th gm: khu vui chi gii tr - khu bit th cao cp bn v cho thu.
- Tng cng c s dch v, vui chi gii tr v lu tr phc v khch du lch n th H
Ni.
- a dng ho cc sn phm du lch ca khu du lch ca th H Ni.
- Tng thm s hp dn vi khch du lch nc ngoi, tng cng quan h ngoi giao, qua
gp phn lm tng thu nhp cho nn kinh t quc dn thng qua thu nhp ca ngnh du
lch.
- To ra khu bit th, nh ngh, cn h cao cp gp phn pht trin khu th cht lng cao
ca thnh ph, p ng nhu cu v nh cao cp v ngh ngi, lu tr ca ngi dn H ni
v khch du lch.
- To cng n vic lm n nh, tng cng tch lu v nng cao i sng cho ngi lao
ng;
- Thu ht vn u t ca cc nh u t trong v ngoi nc.
- Tng thu cho ngn sch, v ng gp vo s pht trin kinh t.
- Gp phn chuyn dch c cu kinh t a phng.
- Gp phn vo cng tc chun b c s vt cht k thut k nim 60 nm thnh lp nc
Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam v 1000 nm Thng Long - ng - H Ni.
1.2 Ch d n
Ch u t: Cng ty C phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni
a ch tr s chnh: S 16, Lng H, phng Thnh Cng, qun Ba nh, H Ni
in thoi: 04.37153460 Fax: 04.37153465
Ni
20
Vn iu l: 65 t ng
Ngi chu trch nhim theo php lut: B V Th Kim Thanh Tng gim c
Sinh ngy 20/7/1965, Quc tch: Vit Nam
S CMTND: 010101667 cp ngy 15/5/2002 do CATP H Ni cp
Ni ng k thng tr: 116b Quan Thnh, Q. Ba nh, thnh ph H Ni
E-mail: viethai1202@gmail.com
Ngnh ngh kinh doanh:
- Giy Chng nhn KKD Cng ty CP u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H
Ni s 0103017704 do S K hoch & u t TP. H Ni cp hot ng trong lnh vc:
+ Kinh doanh sn gn;
+ Kinh doanh khch sn, nh ngh, nh hng, khu bi thuyn, bi tm, khu th thao;
L hnh ni a, l hnh quc t v cc dch v phc v khch du lch (khng bao
gm kinh doanh phng ht karaoke, v trng, qun bar);
+ Kinh doanh vn chuyn khch du lch;
+ Kinh doanh bt ng sn;
+ Xy dng nh, bit th bn v cho thu;
+ Dch v vui chi gii tr (tr loi hnh vui chi gii tr Nh nc cm);
+ Xy dng dn dng, cng nghip, giao thng, h tng k thut v san lp mt
bng;
+ T chc hi ngh, hi tho;
+ i l mua, i l bn, k gi hng ha;
+ i l bn v my bay./.
Cc cng ty t vn thc hin xy dng d n:
Chi nhnh Cng ty CP XD&KD nh Kim Sn: xy dng qui hoch chi tit DA
Trung tm cng ngh x l mi trng-BTL Ho hc-BQP, n v kho st o c v
phn tch cc s liu v hin trng mi trng ti khu vc trong qu trnh thc hin lp
bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cho d n.
Cng ty TNHH cng ngh mi trng v trc a bn Khi Nguyn, t vn lp bo
co TM
Trung tm pht trin qu t huyn Sc Sn, t vn gii phng mt bng d n khu I,
khu II Khu du lch sinh thi Sc Sn.
Ni
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1.3 v tr a l ca d n
Khu t nghin cu quy hoch chi tit t l 1/500 Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th
bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph
Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni thuc Khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu
vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni, nm v pha Ty Bc th trn Sc Sn,
thuc a bn x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn thnh ph H Ni, khai thc cnh quan t nhin
i rng h nc, gii hn nh sau:
- Pha Ty Bc v pha Bc gip khu t d n xy dng Hc Vin Pht gio Vit
Nam,
- Pha Ty l qun th i rng,
- Pha ng l khu t canh tc v dn c x Ph Linh
- Pha Nam l khu i ni thp v doanh tri qun i PKKQ.
y l vng t c a th p, cch trung tm thnh ph khong 40 km v pha Bc,
cch trung tm huyn Sc Sn 3 km v pha ng Nam, nm gip khu cng nghip Ni Bi
v pha Nam, v nm gip qun th ni n v pha Ty.
Hnh 1.1: D n nhn t ven h ng n, i din tng c Thnh
Khu t thc hin d n c ta a l t 20
0
34 - 21
0
17 v Bc, 105
0
17 - 106
0
kinh ng, l mt tm o gip bao quanh th H Ni v hai pha Ty v Nam vi bn
ca ng vo th qua cc Quc l 1A, 6A, 32.
Ni
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1.4 Ni dung ch yu ca d n
1.4.1Thit k quy hoch tng th
- Tnh cht: Quy hoch khu vui chi gii tr v khu bit th cao cp.
- Qui m: Qui m ton khu I l 68,8563 ha
(theo Q 5154 ca UBND TP H Ni, t l 1/500).
Hin trng s dng t:
Tng din tch khu vc thc hin d n l 68,8563 ha c phn b thnh 36 l t
xy dng theo chc nng s dng, c b ch c th theo bng sau.
Bng 1.1: Tng hp c cu t ai quy hoch Khu I phng n 1
Hng mc t Din tch (ha) T l (%)
Din tch khu vc nghin cu khu I 68,8563 100
t khch sn, bit th 7,40 10,75
t d tr pht trin 2,80 4,07
t cy xanh , gii tr 10,00 14,52
t dch v cng cng 2,30 3,34
H nc 2,80 18,59
t i ni rung 31,2563 45,44
t giao thng 2,30 3,34
Ngun: Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni.
- Mi quan h v quy hoch chung vi vng v khu vc:
+ Khong cch ca khu d n n khu dn c gn nht l 1km, s liu ny c ly
t qu trnh iu tra kho st thc a.
+ Thc hin Ngh quyt ca Ban thng v thnh u H Ni s 16/NQ-T ngy
21/05/2004 v K hoch s 61/KH-UB ngy 25/08/2004 ca UBND thnh ph v mt s
ch chng, gii php pht trin kinh t- x hi huyn Sc Sn giai on 2004-2010, xy
dng khu Dch v cng cng, bit th trong Khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu
vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni m bo ng b, hon chnh v h thng
h tng k thut v h tng x hi, ng gp vo vic pht trin kinh t- x hi ca a
phng v thnh ph, chuyn i c cu kinh t huyn Sc Sn,
+ To iu kin cho cc doanh nghip trn a bn thnh ph v huyn Sc Sn pht
trin xy dng cc cng trnh cng cng, dch v phc v du lch-vn ho-ngh ngi m
bo n nh lu di, nng cao hiu qu s dng t v thu ht lao ng a phng
+ Theo nh hng Quy hoch chung xy dng huyn Sc Sn t l 1/10.000
c UBND Thnh ph ph duyt theo Quyt nh s 24/2001/Q-UB ngy 09/05/2001,
cc khu vc nm ln cn pha ng Nam ca khu vc nghin cu quy hoch khu du lch
n Sc l vng d kin s pht trin khu th Sc Sn vi quy m t th n nm
2020 c dn s khong 150.000 ngi.
+ Theo quy hoch t l 1/500 c ph duyt, khu t nghin cu quy hoch xy
dng Khu I, nm trong tng th khu du lch sinh thi Sc Sn pha Ty Bc khu vc th
trn huyn l Sc Sn hin nay. Quy hoch chung th H Ni v chung xy dng huyn
Sc Sn nh hng y l khu vc khai thc cnh quan t nhin v cc di tch lch s
Ni
23
vn ho quc gia ti y xy dng khu dch v du lch, ngh dng v vui chi gii tr
ca thnh ph v khu vc pha Bc th H Ni. Ton b Khu du lch sinh thi - vn ho
khu vc n Sc c quy hoch vi quy m khong 283,9903 ha c phn thnh 03 khu
chc nng nh sau:
+ Khu I: c din tch khong 68,8563ha, c tnh cht l khu Dch v cng
cng, Cm bit th H ng n ti x Ph Linh
+ Khu II: c din tch khong 88,45ha, tnh cht l khu Sn golf quc t v
khu bit th cao cp cho thu ti x Ph Linh
+ Khu II m rng: c din tch khong 126,684ha, tnh cht l khu Sn golf
Sc Sn v khu dch v b tr ti x Hng K v x Ph Linh.
1.4.2 Nguyn tc t chc c cu
- Trn c s quy hoch chi tit 1/500 c ph duyt, mng li ng giao
thng ni b trong phm vi d n cn c khp ni vi h thng ng khu vc v ng
giao thng ca d n khu II m rng.
- T chc c cu s dng t ai trn c s khai thc hp l qu t v cnh
quan thin nhin khu vc. t xy dng cng trnh cn c gi nguyn quy m din tch
theo quy hoch 1/500 c duyt, iu chnh v ranh gii nghin cu sau khi khp ni vi
cc d n ln cn, c th chuyn i mt s v tr cc t cho ph hp vi gii php t
chc khng gian kin trc cnh quan.
- Ranh gii v din tch khu t nghin cu c th c iu chnh trn c s
hin trng qu t xy dng (iu chnh ranh gii vi d n Hc Vin Pht gio Vit Nam
ang xy dng pha Ty Bc), v ph hp vi phn khu theo quy hoch c duyt.
a) Phng n 1: (Theo quy hoch chi tit t l 1/2000 Khu du lch sinh thi vn ho
n Sc ti huyn Sc Sn c Thnh ph ph duyt)
* c im phng n: hon ton tun th theo quy hoch chi tit t l 1/2000
c duyt. Gii php t chc c cu trong khu vc nh sau:
- T chc giao thng:
+ Giao thng i ngoi: gm cc tuyn:
. Tuyn ng hng Bc Nam, chy qua gia khu quy hoch; pha Bc i
n Sc, pha Nam i H ng Quan, y l tuyn ng trc chnh ca khu d n kt ni
vi cc tuyn ng vo nh v cc tuyn ng chnh khc.
. St ranh gii pha ng khu t quy hoch l tuyn ng rng 17,5m: pha
Bc i tuyn ng Quc l 3 - n Sc, pha Nam i ng 131.
. Tuyn ng gip ranh gii khu III pha ng Bc lm nhim v kt ni
tuyn ng pha ng vi tuyn ng trc chnh Bc Nam
+ Giao thng ni b:
. T chc cc trc ng vo tng khu nh c mt ct rng khong 7,5 -
13,5m (lng ng 5,5m) phn b giao thng t tuyn trc chnh ti cc khu t xy dng.
Ni
24
. Ngoi ra cn t chc h thng ng do c b tr trong khu vc ven h
nc, ven chn i, trong cc khu khch sn, nh ngh, vn cy...
- Phn khu chc nng: Ton b t xy dng cng trnh c b tr tp trung
hai bn trc ng giao thng khu vc (trc Bc Nam). C cu t ai quy hoch c t
chc theo cc khu chc nng nh sau:
+ t cng cng, dch v, vui chi gii tr c b tr ti khu vc trung tm
hai bn trc giao thng Bc Nam. Cc cng trnh khch sn, dch v cng cng ch yu tp
trung v pha Ty. Cc cng trnh phc v vui chi gii tr tp trung v pha ng trc
ng ti v tr t ven h nc.
+ t xy dng nh vn bit th c b tr tp trung ti pha Ty trc Bc
Nam, tp trung ven chn i v mt phn b tr sn ni pha Ty Nam.
* nh gi phng n:
- u im:
+ Phng n hon ton tun th theo quy hoch chi tit t l 1/2000 c
duyt
+ Kt ni thun li vi mng giao thng v h tng chung khu vc.
- Nhc im:
+ Ton b t xy dng c tp trung khai thc qu t pha Ty nn mt
t xy dng ti khu vc ny qu cao. Mt s khu nh vn phi khai thc phn sn ni c
a hnh dc, khng thun li cho xy dng.
+ Cc khu nh vn, bit th khng c c khng gian ring bit yn tnh
ph hp vi mc ch ngh dng, do c b tr nm xen vi cng trnh dch v cng cng,
gii tr.
+ Cha khai thc li th ca cc khu t pha ng Bc l ni c trc giao
thng i ngoi i qua, c qu t trng, a hnh v cnh quan t nhin thun li cho khai
thc xy dng.
+ Cha b tr cc bi xe tp trung phc v cho hot ng khu du lch.
* Cc ch tiu t c:

Hng mc t Din tch (ha) T l (%)
t cy xanh , gii tr 10,00 14,52
t dch v cng cng 2,30 3,34
H nc 2,80 18,59
t i ni rung 31,2563 45,44
t giao thng 2,30 3,34
Ni
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b) Phng n 2:
* c im phng n: t ai trong phm vi nghin cu d n ca Khu I
c iu chnh li cho ph hp vi thc t qu t hin c theo nguyn tc: Cc ch tiu
t xy dng c gi theo Quyt nh c ph duyt quy hoch chi tit t l 1/2000.
Gii php t chc c cu trong khu vc:
- V t chc giao thng:
+ H thng giao thng i ngoi: gm cc tuyn:
. Tuyn ng rng 17,5m i st ranh gii pha ng khu t quy hoch:
pha Bc i tuyn ng Quc l 3 - n Sc, pha Nam i ng 131.
. Tuyn ng trc Bc Nam chy qua gia khu quy hoch: pha Bc i n
Sc, pha Nam i H ng Quan, y l tuyn ng trc chnh ca khu kt ni vi cc
tuyn ng vo nh v cc tuyn ng chnh khc.
. Tuyn ng gip ranh gii khu III pha ng Bc lm nhim v kt ni
tuyn ng pha ng vi tuyn ng trc chnh Bc Nam
+ Giao thng ni b:
. Cc trc ng vo nh c mt ct ngang rng t 9,5m 11,5m vi phn
ng xe chy rng 5,5m phn b giao thng t tuyn trc chnh ti tng khu t xy dng.
. H thng ng do c b tr trong khu vc ven h nc, ven chn i,
trong cc khu khch sn, nh ngh, vn cy...
- T chc cc khu chc nng quy hoch:
+ t cng cng, dch v, vui chi gii tr c b tr tp trung ti khu t
pha ng trc giao thng Bc Nam nhm khai thc cnh quan thin nhin ca h ng n
v li th giao thng thun tin ca trc ng chnh khu d n.
+ Khu t xy dng khch sn cao cp c b tr tng i ring bit nhm
khai thc cnh quan h nc ti v tr t chn khu i pha ng Bc, mt quay ra h c
c, lng ta sn i, to nn im nhn kin trc pha ng Bc nhn t pha Nam trc
giao thng chnh.
+ t xy dng nh vn bit th c b tr thnh mt khu ngh dng tp
trung tng i ring bit ti khu vc pha Ty, ven chn dy ni pha Ty nhm khai thc
mi trng sinh thi rng v cnh quan p ti y.
+ Khu cng vin kt hp vui chi gii tr c quy m kh ln c t chc tp
trung v pha ng h c c, k cn vi trc giao thng i ngoi.
+ Cc khu cy xanh cng vin b tr tp trung ti pha Ty Bc h c c
trong c t chc kt hp cy xanh, ng do vi t chc cc khu vn m thc, khu
ch qu ... kt hp vi cm cng trnh dch v cng cng b tr dc trc Bc Nam s l ni
tp trung cho cc hot ng dch v du lch.
K cn vi khu cng vin vui chi gii tr ti khu i thp nm pha Bc d
kin khai thc a hnh t nhin ca khu t b tr bi vui chi trt c.
* nh gi phng n:
Ni
26
- u im:
+ Khai thc trit li th ca cc khu t c a hnh v cnh quan t nhin,
nm k cc trc giao thng khu vc.. thun li cho khai thc xy dng khu vui chi gii tr.
+ Cc khu khch sn cao cp, khu nh vn, bit th b tr khng gian ring
bit yn tnh ph hp vi mc ch l khu du lch sinh thi ngh ngi.
+ T chc h thng giao thng i ni v i ngoi hp l, kt ni thun li
vi mng giao thng v h tng chung ca khu vc.
+ iu chnh v ranh gii song vn m bo cc ch tiu s dng t tun th
theo quy hoch chi tit t l 1/2000 c duyt. B tr cc bi xe tp trung m bo phc v
cho hot ng ca mt khu du lch
- Nhc im: C iu chnh kh ln v v tr cc khu t xy dng so vi quy
hoch chi tit 1/2000 c ph duyt.
* Cc ch tiu t c:
Hng mc t
Din tch
(ha)
T l
(%)
t cng trnh dch v cng cng 2,2058 3,20
t cng vin, cy xanh kt hp vui chi gii tr 4,872 7,08
Mt nc h ng n 14,2554 20,70
t cy xanh, i rng 31,7516 46,11
- H thng cy xanh thm c ven h, lch thot
nc...
4,5123 6,55
- t i rng 27,2393 39,56
t cng trnh h tng k thut 0,1350 0,20
t giao thng (ng v bi xe) 7,3702 10,70
c) Phn tch so snh v la chn phng n:
Qua ni dung phn tch nhng c im v nh gi cc u nhc im ca 2
phng n trn, ta nhn thy phng n 2 l phng n c c cu phn khu chc nng r
rng, hp l, c khai thc trit li th cnh quan cng nh kh nng qu t xy dng.
Gii php t chc khng gian sinh ng. Trong phng n 2 cng b sung mt s hng
mc cng trnh cn thit cho khu du lch nh bi xe tp trung, khu x l h tng k
thut ...
Trn c s nh gi cc u nhc im ca cc phng n nu trn. xut la
chn phng n 2 l phng n c nhiu u im v ph hp vi mc tiu u t ca d n,
l phng n c tnh kh thi, l phng n thc hin xy dng d n theo qui hoch t l
1/500 ca UBND thnh ph.
1.4.3 Quy hoch s dng t ai
Gii php phn b qu t theo chc nng v c cu t chc khng gi an:
Ni
27
Trn c s nh gi hin trng t ai, cnh quan thin nhin, qu t xy dng cn
li sau khi xc nh ranh gii t xy dng cc d n lin quan (khu xy dng Hc Vin
Pht gio Vit Nam, d n khu III...), ch gii m cc tuyn ng theo quy hoch v c cu
t ai trong phm vi lp quy hoch chi tit. Ton b qu t trong phm vi lp quy hoch
chi tit Khu I c din tch 68,8563 ha c phn b thnh 36 l t xy dng theo chc nng
s dng v c phn chia bi cc trc ng quy hoch, c th nh sau:
- t xy dng nh vn, bit th gm 14 t c tng din tch 7,4079ha (k
hiu BT).
- t xy dng cc cng trnh dch v cng cng phc v du lch sinh thi gm
04 t c tng din tch khong 2,2058 ha (k hiu CCDV).
+ t c k hiu DVCC.1 c din tch khong 0,9142ha, l t xy dng khu
trung tm dch v cng cng.
+ Cc t c k hiu DVCC.2 v DVCC.3 c tng din tch khong
1,4866ha, c b tr ven h ng n, bn cnh cng vin qung trng trung tm. y
l khu vc t chc cc dch v n ung, gii kht...
- t cy xanh cng vin kt hp vui chi gii tr gm 02 t c tng din tch
khong 4,8726ha (k hiu CVCX).
+ t c k hiu CVCX.1 c din tch 1,4548ha, l khu cng vin kt hp
vui chi gii tr trung tm;
+ t c k hiu CVCX.2 c din tch 3,4178ha, l khu t xy dng cng
vin nc, tr chi trt thc, khu vui chi cm gic mnh...;
- t cy xanh cng cng, thm c, lch mng, sui thot nc gm 05 t
c tng din tch khong 4,5123ha (k hiu CX).
+ Cc t k hiu CX.1, CX.2 v CX.3 l t cy xanh, thm c, sui thot
nc nm xen trong cc khu t xy dng bit th ven chn ni pha Ty.
+ t c k hiu CX.4 v CX.5 l t cy xanh, thm c kt hp ng do
xung quanh h ng n.
- t bi xe tp trung gm 02 t c tng din tch khong 0,5005ha (k hiu
X).
- t cng trnh h tng k thut gm 01 t c din tch khong 0,135ha (k
hiu HTKT).
- t i rng gm 04 t c din tch 27,2393ha (k hiu R).
- Mt nc (gm h ng n) din tch 14,2554ha (k hiu H).
- t lm ng giao thng (k hiu ) c din tch khong 7,3702ha .
Cc ch tiu kinh t k thut
Bng 1.3: Bng thng k qui hoch s dng t
TT Chc nng s dng
K hiu
t
Din tch
t (m
2
)
A t bit th, nh vn (nh ngh cho thu) 74.079
1 - t bit th nh vn (nh ngh) BT-1 3.961
Ni
28
B t dch v cng cng CCDV 22.058
1 t xy dng cng trnh dch v CCDV.1 8.543
C t cy xanh cng vin, khu vui chi gii tr CVCX 48.726
t cng vin vui chi gii tr CVCX.1 14.548
t xy dng khu cng vin nc CVCX.2 34.178
E2 t cy xanh, lch thot nc CX 45.123
t cy xanh, lch thot nc CX-1 2.463
t cy xanh thm c ven h CX-4 991
D Mt nc H 142.554
H ng n
H
142.554
E1 t i rng R 272.393
t i rng pha Ty R-1 93.409
t i pha Bc h ng n R-2 16.845
t i pha Nam h ng n R-3 10.847
t i pha ng h ng n R-4 151.292
F t bi xe X 5.005
t bi xe X-1 1.995
t bi xe X-2 3.010
G t cng trnh HTKT HTKT 1.350
t HTKT HTKT-1 1.350
K t ng giao thng 68.697
t ng 68.697
Tng din tch khu t lp QHCT 1/500 688.563
1.4.4 Phn k u t, danh mc u tin u t
Trn c s phng n Quy hoch, ton b d n Khu I d kin phn thnh cc
d n theo th t u tin u t nh sau:
Ni
29
- Xy dng h thng h tng k thut ng b trn phm vi nghin cu quy
hoch d n, bao gm:
+ Xy dng h thng ng giao thng ni b v bi , khp ni vi h
thng giao thng chung khu vc v vi cc d n ln cn.
+ Xy dng h thng trm v ng ng cp nc.
+ Xy dng h thng trm v ng dy cp in
+ Xy dng h thng cng thot nc thi v h thng ng ng thot nc
ma, u ni vi h thng chung ca khu vc.
+ San nn cc t xy dng
- Xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh kin trc, bao gm:
+ Xy dng cc cng trnh dch v cng cng phc v khch du lch.
+ Xy dng cc khu nh vn, bit th.
+ Xy dng khu khch sn.
+ Xy dng cc khu cng vin vui chi gii tr.
- Xy dng h thng cy xanh bao gm: khu cy xanh kt hp bi xe v cng
trnh HTKT; cy xanh cch ly v cnh quan, cy xanh dc theo cc trc ng giao thng;
ci to kt hp trng mi cy xanh trn t rng trong phm vi nghin cu d n.
1.4.5 T chc khng gian quy hoch - kin trc
Nguyn tc chung:
- Ph hp vi nh hng khng gian ca n Quy hoch chung huyn Sc
Sn v Quy hoch chi tit Khu du lch ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc t l 1/500
c ph duyt. Tn trng cnh quan, a hnh t nhin hin trng, hn ch thay i a
hnh, a mo i rng v mi trng.
- To phong cch kin trc ring cho d n, kt hp gia a hnh cnh quan
thin nhin vi bn sc kin trc c th ca khu vc.
- Thun li phn chia cc khu chc nng, ph hp vi phn k u t trong khu
vc nhng vn m bo t chc khng gian chung ca ton b d n.
B cc khng gian kin trc chung ton khu:
a) Gii php t chc khng gian chung:
Gii php t chc khng gian kin trc ti khu I c t chc trn nguyn tc
m bo hi ho vi cnh quan thin nhin ca qun th ni n, h nc v khp ni vi
d n khu Hc vin Pht gio Vit Nam xy dng ln cn pha Bc, to nn s hon
chnh v khng gian ph hp vi mt khu du lch sinh thi.
- Cng trnh kin trc trong ton b khu vc nghin cu d n Khu I c
xut c chi cao cng trnh thp (t 1 3 tng) nhm to khng gian kin trc gn kt v
chuyn tip hi ho vi cc khu i rng... Trn trc ng chnh i qua khu vc d n
c to im nhn bng cc khi cng trnh dch v cng cng.
Ni
30
- T chc h thng cy xanh: gm h thng cy xanh vn hoa, cy xanh ven
h, cy xanh i rng... kt hp cy xanh trn cc trc ng thnh h thng lin hon, to
cnh quan mi trng sinh thi cho khu vc.
- T chc h thng giao thng, qung trng, sn bi: Trong cc khu t xy
dng t chc h thng ng vo nh kt hp cy xanh sn vn, bi xe...m bo thun
tin cho s dng cc hng mc cng trnh v iu kin v sinh mi trng, m bo u ni
hp l v thng sut vi mng ng khu vc theo quy hoch chung khu vc.
b) T chc khng gian cc khu chc nng trong khu quy hoch:
+ Khu chc nng cng cng, dch v, vui chi gii tr c b tr tp trung ti
khu t pha ng trc giao thng Bc Nam nhm khai thc cnh quan thin nhin ca h
ng n v giao thng ca trc ng chnh khu d n.
+ Khu khch sn cao cp c b tr ring bit v pha Bc h nc l v tr c
cnh quan v mi trng hp dn pha ng Bc.
+ Khu nh vn bit th c b tr ven chn ni pha Ty nhm khai thc
mi trng sinh thi ca rng cy.
+ Khu cng vin kt hp vui chi gii tr c t chc tp trung v pha ng
h c c, k cn vi trc giao thng i ngoi.
+ Khu cy xanh cng cng b tr tp trung ti pha Ty Bc h nc kt hp
vi cm cng trnh dch v cng cng b tr dc trc Bc Nam s l ni tp trung cho cc
hot ng dch v du lch.
B cc khng gian cc khu vc trng tm, cc tuyn, cc im nhn v cc im nhn quan
tr ng:
Trong phm vi nghin cu, b cc khng gian kin trc cnh quan c nghin cu
t chc ly khng gian ch o l h ng n. Gii php nh sau:
a) im nhn cnh quan khng gian:
- im nhn pha Bc d n: l Trung tm dch v cng cng c t chc l im
n u tin ca khch du lch n vi khu d n t trc ng giao thng khu vc v cc
d n ln cn trong khu vc (d n khu II, khu III, khu IV, Hc Vin Pht gio Vit Nam ...)
u tp trung pha Bc. Ti y t chc cm cng trnh quay lng vo pha ni pha Ty
Bc, mt hng v pha ng Nam l cnh quan khng gian h ng n, kin trc thp
tng c khng gian ln kt hp vi sn vn, cng vin v mt nc c to thnh t lch
thot nc t trn ni xung h ng n, to khng gian m cho khu trung tm d n.
- im nhn pha ng Bc: nhn t trc ng pha Nam vo khu d n v pha
ng Bc h ng n l cm khch sn xy dng ven h, ta lng vo khu i ni thp
pha ng Bc.
b) Trc chnh khu vc:
Ton b khu d n t chc mt trc trung tm vi cc cng trnh dch v cng cng,
vui chi gii tr v nh ngh xy dng hai bn trc ng giao thng khu vc (trc Bc
Nam), c chiu cao khong 2 - 3 tng. Cc cng trnh c b cc vi hnh khi kin trc t
Ni
31
do gm h thng cc khi nh, to s chuyn tip nh nhng uyn chuyn khng gian kin
trc t trin ni pha Ty ca trc ng v pha h ng n pha ng; Cc cm cng
trnh hn hp dch v vui chi gii tr, n ung gii kht ...vi hnh thc kin trc hin i,
to im nhn kin trc trn trc ng giao thng chnh khu vc i qua khu t d n.
c) Cc khu dch v cng cng v cng vin kt hp vui chi gii tr:
- Khu dch v cng cng trung tm ca khu d n, gip vi trc ng giao thng
chnh khu vc.Ti y t chc khu cy xanh cng vin, cm cng trnh cng cng nh hng,
cu lc b vui chi gii tr ngh dng, ch qu, nh iu hnh, nh game, nh ci, nh
hng thy t, nh hng m thc...Cc cng trnh c xy dng thp tng kt hp b tr h
thng sn trng, vn cy, sn chi, to khng gian m v s chuyn tip hi ho vi khu
vc bit th pha Ty v khu cy xanh, h nc pha ng.
- Khch sn cao cp 3 tng: c t chc ven h, ti v tr trin i thp pha Bc
h ng n.
- Khu cy xanh cng vin kt hp vui chi gii tr thanh thiu nin: c t chc
trn khu t pha ng h ng n, bao gm khu cng vin nc, tr chi cm gic mnh,
khu vui chi trt c...
d) Khu bit th ngh dng:
- m bo khai thc hiu qu t xy dng, khai thc cnh quan v mi
trng sinh thi trong lnh ca h thng i rng trong khu vc, khu bit th ngh dng
c b tr nm tp trung v pha Ty trc ng khu vc, ven chn ni n, mt xy
dng 40%. Khu nh ngh c xy dng thp tng 2 tng mi dc. T chc h thng cy
xanh, sn vn, chim mt ln trong cc l t xy dng cng trnh, nhm khai thc
khng gian v mi trng sinh thi ca khu i rng t nhin v to cnh quan kin trc cho
mt khu ngh ngi hin i.
- T chc khng gian vn hoa, cy xanh trong khu nh vi cy xanh cng
cng v kt hp h thng cy xanh trng trn cc trc ng to cnh quan ng thi ci
thin iu kin mi trng sinh thi.
- T chc h thng sn ng ni b trong khu nh ngh: gm cc trc ng
mt ct ngang rng 13,5m (bao gm: lng ng rng 7,5,0m, hai bn l h kt hp di cy
xanh to cnh quan v bng mt rng 3,0 mi bn); h thng li vo chy vng quanh m
bo cho giao thng vo tng ngi nh thun tin, ng thi u ni vi trc ng khu vc.
1.4.6 Cc yu cu v t chc bo v cnh quan
a) Cc yu cu chung:
- i vi khu nh ngh : Phi c thit k, thi cng m bo cc ch tiu
KTKT ca d n, hon chnh cng trnh, sn, vn hoa, cy xanh, n chiu sng sn vn
trc khi vo s dng. Trong khu nh vn khng c chia cc nh vn thnh cc ring
bit vi hng ro tng xy m phi to nn mt khng gian do lin hon gia cc vn
ca cng trnh c th i xe p hoc i b do gia cc khu nh trong .
Ni
32
- i vi cng trnh cng cng, dch v du lch: ch thit k cc hng ro thp
thong nh kt hp cng cc cng trnh hi ha khu du lch sinh thi
- Vic k h, thit k cc lan can bo v ven h phi c nghin cu k
khng lm nh hng n cnh quan t nhin ca h.
- i vi ng giao thng chnh, khong xy li vi cng trnh l 6m.
- ng giao thng ni b, khong xy li i vi cng trnh 3 tng tr xung:
2m. Cng trnh t 3 tng tr ln l 3m.
b) Cc yu cu thit k kin trc, xy dng h tng k thut v qun l xy dng
trong tng khu vc:
* i vi khu nh ngh sinh thi pha Ty:
M hnh nh ngh sinh thi l m hnh m con ngi c ngh ngi, s dng
cc tin nghi vi kh hu mi trng t nhin em li. Gii php quy hoch to ra cc khu nh
vi iu kin tt nht v hng gi ch o m bo mt v ma h v m p v ma
ng, to ra cc khng gian ngh dng ring bit: khong cch vi ng giao thng to ra
khong li ln, mt xy dng thp (15-20%).
Gii php thit k kin trc to ra mu nh vi tin nghi cao v thng gi,
chiu sng, che nng v tip cn vi cnh quan thin nhin, sn do, cy xanh c thit k
mang li s bnh yn v m cng.
Gii php k thut h tng phi mang li tin nghi cao nh: m bo cp thot
nc, cp in, in thoi thng tin lin lc, vin thng tt nht
H thng h tng x hi nh cc dch v cng cng nh n, ung, vui chi gii
tr, th thao... cng phi c m bo v thun tin
* i vi khu dch v du lch sinh thi pha ng:
- L m hnh du lch m bn thn t nhin mang li: cnh quan ca h m, i
ni thp, vi tc ng tch cc ca con ngi to nn cnh quan cho du khch. Vi tnh cht
du lch sinh thi, ngh dng, khu du lch m bo l ni ngh ngi vi tin nghi v mi
trng cao cp, khu vui chi, gii tr vi cc loi hnh lnh mnh, thu ht khch, l u mi
khch n du lch v tham quan cc di tch lch s v cc loi hnh khc ca khu vc.
Vic la chn hnh thc ph hp vi chc nng phc v ca cc hng mc cng trnh xy
dng trong khu vc d n, c th:
+ Khu khch sn du lch - ngh dng, vui chi gii tr cui tun: phc v ngi
ang lm vic, thanh thiu nin, sinh vin.
+ Ngh dng sc kho thi gian di cho ngi cao tui, ngi bnh ngoi tr
cn mi trng sng l tng
+ L ni c th t chc cc cuc hi tho ln nh, kt hp cc dch v v th
thao, vn ho a dng hp dn
+ u mi cc tour du lch 1-2 ngy trong khu vc.
1.4.7 Yu cu v kim sot i vi cc khu vc t rng t nhin, cy xanh cng vin
trong khu vc d n
Ni
33
Vi tnh cht l xy dng mt du lch sinh thi, ngh dng, khu du lch m bo l
ni ngh ngi vi tin nghi v mi trng cao cp, khu vui chi, gii tr vi cc loi hnh
lnh mnh, thu ht khch, l u mi khch n du lch v tham quan cc di tch lch s
v cc loi hnh khc ca khu vc. Vic khai thc xy dng trong khu vc cn m bo t l
mt nc v cy xanh chim 70-80% din tch khu t. iu kin ny s to ra mt mi
trng khng kh trong lnh cho khu vc.
- Do c th ca d n l khu ngh ngi, vui chi gii tr nn trong phm vi d n u
tin trng cy xanh nhm to cnh quan p, thong mt v sch s cho Khu du lch. Ngoi
vic tn dng li rng cy c sn, quy hoch cc khun vin cy xanh, sn vn xung quanh
cc cng trnh xy dng.
- i vi t rng t nhin: Bo v thm thc vt che ph vng t i rng t
nhin to nn phong cnh u th ca khu vc, gi m nn t i vi th t i g, v
che chn chng xi mn. Vic bo v, gn gi v chm sc thm thc vt ny l mt trong
nhng mc tiu ca ban qun l Khu du lch. Cn c bin php qun l nhng hot ng vui
chi, cc dch v c nh hng n s pht trin ca cc khu rng cy.
- i vi t cc khu cng vin kt hp vui chi gii tr: c xy dng cng trnh
kin trc quy m nh phc v khch du lch, vui chi gii tr trong khu vc nh cng
vin nc, tr chi cm gic mnh, khu chi trt c, ch qu, cng vin m thc... mt
xy dng trong khu vc ny 5 10%. Hnh thc t chc sn vn p, phong ph v ph
hp vi quy hoch.
- i vi t vn hoa, cy xanh: c th xy dng cng trnh nh nh chi ngh,
qun hoa, sch bo, qun gii kht ... kt hp vi kin trc tiu cnh, phc v khch du lch,
ngh ngi gii tr trong khu vc. Hnh thc t chc sn vn p, phong ph, thun li cho
s dng chung v ph hp vi quy hoch. Cy trng trong khu vc s dng nhiu chng
loi, m bo ti xanh c bn ma. C th kt hp lm ng do, sn chi, gh , h
thng chiu sng... tng cng hiu qu s dng, b tr li ra vo thun tin..
- B tr mng li cu ho thch hp, thc hin kim tra n c thng xuyn cc
quy nh ca nh nc v phng chng chy n, an ton lao ng gp phn hn ch ti a
cc s c ri ro trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n.
1.4.8 Gii php kt cu
- Khi xy dng trc tip (nh ngh, bit th) s dng kt cu ct BTCT M200 c
ging cc, theo cc tiu chun k thut nh:
+ Tiu chun ti trng v tc ng : TCVN 2737-1995.
+ Tiu chun thit k BTCT : TCVN 5574-1991.
+ Tiu chun thit k nn nh v cng trnh : TCVN 45-78.
1.4.9 Gii php k thut h tng
1, Cp in:
a) Ngun cp:
Ni
34
- Theo nh hng Quy hoch cc ph ti trong khu Du lch n Sc c ly
ngun cp t trm bin p Sc Sn I: 110/22KV thng qua tuyn cp trc 22KV: 2XLPE-
3x150mm2 d kin xy dng trn tuyn ng quy hoch pha Bc khu vc thit k (ng
Ging). T tuyn cp trc ny, d kin xy dng hai tuyn cp nhnh 22KV trn cc tuyn
ng quy hoch c mt ct ngang rng 17,5m pha ng v tuyn ng quy hoch rng
13,5m pha Ty cp in cho cc trm bin p ca khu quy hoch. Tuy nhin, thun li
cho vic u t xy dng, ti n ny xut xy dng mt tuyn cp nhnh 22KV i
ngm trn ng quy hoch c mt ct ngang rng 13,5m pha Ty u ni t tuyn cp
trc ni trn vo cp in cho ton b khu quy hoch.
- Trong giai on trc mt, khi h thng mng li cp 22KV cha c xy
dng theo quy hoch, cc ph ti trong khu vc thit k c ly ngun t tuyn in 35KV
hin c i dc ng Ging pha Bc khu t.
b) Gii php thit k:
- Khu vc thit k xy dng mi hon ton, mng li cp in cho khu vc
quy hoch mi bao gm:
+ ng dy trung th 22KV v cc trm bin p 22/0,4KV.
+ H thng chiu sng ng bng n Halogen.
+ Mng h th 0,4KV chiu sng sinh hot.
+ H thng chiu sng cng vin cy xanh, sn vn, ng do.
c) Ni dung thit k
Ch tiu thit k:
- Nh bit th, nh ngh : 5KW/cn
- t dch v du lch : 0,3KW/m
2
sn
- t cng vin vui chi gii tr :
+ t cy xanh cng vin : 25KW/Ha
+ t cng trnh cng cng : 0,3KW/ m
2
sn
- t khch sn : 0,3KW/ m
2
sn
- t vui chi trt c : 25KW/Ha
- t cm tri : 25KW/Ha
- t d tr pht trin : 100KW/Ha
- Chiu sng n ng, bi xe : 12KW/Ha
d). Tnh ton ph ti: Cn c ch tiu tnh ton v quy m cc khu nh , cng trnh
cng cng, xc nh nhu cu ph ti ca khu quy hoch c th
Bng 1.4: Tnh ton ph ti cho ton d n
TT S hiu t n v S lng Ch tiu
H s
Kt
Ptt
KW
I Bit th, nh ngh
1 I BT1 Cn 12 5 0,7 42
2 I BT2 Cn 11 5 0,7 39
3 II BT3 Cn 26 5 0,7 91
4 II BT4 Cn 38 5 0,7 133
Ni
35
5 III BT5 Cn 7 5 0,7 25
II t dch v du lch
1 III CCDV1 m
2
sn 3.597 0,03 0,5 54
2 V CCDV2 m
2
sn 3.882 0,03 0,5 58
3 V CCDV3 m
2
sn 5.038 0,03 0,5 76
III t khch sn (V-KS) m
2
sn 18.596 0,03 0,5 279
IV t cng vin vui chi
1 V CVCX1:
+ Cy xanh
+ Dch v
Ha
m
2
sn
3,39
3.386
25
0,02
1
0,5
85
34
2 V CVCX2:
+ Cy xanh
+ Dch v
Ha
m
2
sn
5,84
5.840
25
0,02
1
0,5
146
59
V t cy xanh (V-CX1) Ha 2,16 25 1 54
VI t d tr pht trin
1 IV-DT Ha 1,34 100 1 135
2 VI-DT Ha 1,16 100 1 116
VII CS, bi xe Ha 6,56 12 1 79
Tng cng 1.602
Tng Ptt = 1.602KW, cos
=0,9
Tng Stt = 1.780KVA

e). Mng trung th:
- Xy dng mi tuyn cp 22(35)KV: XLPE-3x150mm2 i ngm trn h ng
n Ging (pha Ty khu quy hoch, tuyn ng ny hin ang c thi cng), r nhnh t
ng cp trc 22KV d kin xy dng trn ng Ging (pha Bc khu quy hoch) sau
r nhnh bng cc tuyn cp 22KV xy dng i ngm trn cc h ng quy hoch cp in
cho cc trm bin p trong khu vc thit k.
f). Mng phn phi:
* Trm bin p xy mi:
- Cng sut trm: Trm bin p 22/0,4KV xy mi gm 3 trm vi tng cng
sut l 2.250KVA.
- Nguyn tc b tr trm:
+ Bn knh phc v: 300m
+ Trm t gn ng giao thng tin thi cng, qun l v sa cha khi c
s c.
* Mng h th 0,4KV chiu sng sinh hot:
- T cc trm bin p cng cng 22/0,4KV a ra cc l cp 0,4KV c chn
ngm dc theo h ng quy hoch cp in cc ph ti tiu th in.
Bng 1.5: Thng k trm bin p, mng h th xy mi v phn vng cp in
TT
Tn trm v
cng sut trm
Vng cp in
Cng sut
tiu th
(KW)
1
Trm s 1.
22/0,4KV: 500KVA
I-BT1, II-BT3, III-BT5,
III-CCDV1, IV-X, IV-DT, CS.
373
Ni
36
2
Trm s 2.
22/0,4KV: 750KVA
I-BT2, II-BT4, II-X3,
V-CVCX1, V-CCDV2,
V-CCDV3, V-CX1, CS.
505
3
Trm s 3.
22/0,4KV:1000 KVA
IV-TCO, VI-CT, V-KS,
V-CVCX2, VI-DT, CS.
724

- Li h th 0,4KV chiu sng n ng b tr i ngm trn h ng quy hoch
cch b va 0,5m. Cc tuyn ng trong khu quy hoch ch bao gm cc mt ct ngang c
b rng t 17,5m tr xung do ch b tr n chiu sng mt bn.
- Do c th ca khu quy hoch l khu du lch ngh ngi vui chi gii tr nn mng
li chiu sng trong cng vin, sn vn v ng do s c thc hin theo d n ring
nhm m bo ph hp vi b cc khng gian kin trc cnh quan, pht huy c c th
ca khu vc thit k.
2./ Thng tin bu in
Hin trng: Khu vc ny c cp ngun thu bao in thoi t tng i Sc Sn
5000 s thng qua mng cp gc i dc Quc l 3 v pha Ty.
Mt thu bao in thoi khu vc ny rt thp.
Quy hoch mng li thng tin lin lc:
Gii php thit k mng in thoi bn ngoi cng trnh ca khu vc bao gm xc
nh v tr, dung lng hp cp bu in ca khu vc, v tr s b cc im dch v in
thai cng cng quc t. Cc thu bao v mng cp thu bao s c thit k b xung giai
on sau.
Ch tiu thit k:
Mt in thoi tnh chung vi tiu chun 01 my/cn h v khong 40 my trn
khu vc sn gn, dung lng thu bao ca cc cng trnh cng cng, tnh ton trn c s cc
hng mc cng trnh, ng thi c tnh n d phng pht trin. Trong giai on thit k
tip theo s c xc nh ph hp vi tng hng mc cng trnh.
Gii php thit k:
D kin ti khu vc s t mt hp cp c dung lng ln, cp dn n hp cp
c ko tip t mng cp quang ca khu vc huyn Sc Sn. Ngoi cc thu bao c nh,
ti khu vc c b tr mt vi im dch v in thoi cng cng phc v khch du lch v
khch n vui chi gii tr.
3. Cp nc:
a) Cc s liu v ch tiu tnh ton:
*S liu tnh ton
Trn c s quy hoch s dng t c s liu cp nc nh sau:
- Dn s 376 ngi
- Din tch sn t dch v du lch, khch sn 31.172m
2
sn
- Din tch sn t cng vin vui chi gii tr 9.228 m
2
sn
- t d tr 25.120 m
2
- t cy xanh 97.682m
2
- t ng, bi xe 64.050 m
2
Ni
37
Cc tiu chun dng nc:
- Nc sinh hot 300l/ngi-ngy.m
- Nc dch v du lch, khch sn 10l/m2.sn- ngy.m
- Nc dch v cng vin vui chi gii tr 5l/m2.sn- ngy.m
- Nc ti cy 3l/m2
- Nc ti ng 0,5 l/m2
- Nc d phng 25% Tng lng nc trn
Cc h s khng iu ho
- Nc dn dng Kngy = 1,3 ; Kgi = 1,7
- Nc d phng Kngy = Kgi = 1,0
Ch tiu cp nc cho sinh hot cng trnh cng cng, dch v, nc ti cy, ra
ng c ly cn c theo quyt nh s 04/2008/Q-BXD ngy 03/4/2008 ca B Xy
dng v vic ban hnh Quy chun k thut Quc gia v quy hoch xy dng v
TCXDVN33:2006 v Cp nc - Mng li ng ng v cng trnh - Tiu chun thit k.
b) Tnh ton cc nhu cu dng nc:
+ Nc sinh hot :
QSH= 376 x 0,3 = 113 m
3
/ngy
+ Nc dch v du lch, khch sn:
QDV = 31.172 x10 l/m
3
.sn 312 m
3
/ngy
+ Nc dch v cng vin vui chi gii tr:
QGT= 9.228 x 5 l/m
3
.sn 46 m
3
/ngy
+ Nc ti cy :
QTC = 97.862 x 3 l/m
2
= 293 m
3
/ngy
+ Nc ti ng, bi xe:
QT = 64.050 x 0,5l/m
2
= 32 m
3
/ngy
+ Nc d tr :
QDT = 24.688 x 3l/m
2
= 74 m
3
/ngy
- Tng nhu cu ngy dng nc trung bnh :
Q= (QSH + QDV + QGT + QDT + QTC + QT ) 871m
3
/ngy
- Nc d phng : QDP = 25% Q = 222m
3
/ngy
- Tng nhu cu ngy dng nc cao nht :

max
ng
Q
= Kngy x (Q + Qdf) =1,3x (871+ 218) 1.415m
3
/ngy m.
( Lm trn:
max
ng
Q
= 1.450m
3
/ngy m.)
- Tng nhu cu gi dng nc cao nht :
max
ng
Q
= (Kngy x Kgi x (Q + Qdf))/86,4 =(1,3x 1,7x (871 + 218) )/86,4 28l/s
c). Ngun nc:
Theo Quy hoch chi tit Khu du lch vn ho ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc
t l 1/2.000 c UBND Thnh ph H Ni ph duyt ti quyt nh s 22/2001/Q-
UB ngy 08/05/2001 th khu quy hoch c cp ngun t trm cp nc cc b d kin
xy dng trong khu II Khu du lch vn ho ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc.
Ni
38
Tuy nhin, Cng ty Kinh doanh nc sch s 2 hin ang trin khai d n cp nc
cho khu vc th trn Sc Sn, ch u t cn lin h vi Cng ty Kinh doanh nc sch s 2
tho thun vic cp ngun t d n trn, m bo cp nc an, ton lin tc cho khu quy
hoch.
Nc cp cho khu t quy hoch c ly t mng li cp nc khu vc thng
qua tuyn ng cp nc 200 c xy dng dc tuyn ng t Quc l 3 - n Sc i
h ng Quan.
d) H thng cp nc:
Do c im a hnh khu vc c ct cao chnh lch nhau tng i ln nn
vic cp nc trc tip t ng ng vi p lc nc ca nh my nc l khng an ton, v
vy cn thit phi xy dng b cha v trm bm tng p. V tr trm bm tng p d kin
c xy dng pha Bc khu vc trong khu t d tr pht trin (v tr xem chi tit trn
bn v), c th s c thc hin theo d n ring.
e). Mng li ng ng:
Trn c s xc nh ngun nc, quy hoch s dng t v giao thng, ng
thi to iu kin thun li cho vic phn t xy dng ph hp trc mt cng nh lu di,
thit k mng li cp nc trong khu t quy hoch nh sau:
- T trm bm tng p, xy dng cc tuyn ng cp nc phn phi c ng
knh 100 200mm. Cc tuyn ng phn phi ny c xy dng dc theo cc tuyn
ng c mt ct ngang B =13,5m v B=11,5m.
- Cc tuyn ng dch v c ng knh t 5075 c xy dng dc theo
cc tuyn ng vo nh cp nc cho cc h tiu th. Cc tuyn ng dch v ny c
u ni trc tip vi cc tuyn ng phn phi nu trn.
- ng ng chnh 150, 100 l ng gang, cc ng 50, 75 l ng nha
HDPE.
- Cc cng trnh thp tng ly nc trc tip t cc ng ng cp nc bng
p lc bm ca trm.
f). Cp nc cha chy: Dc theo cc tuyn ng c ng knh t 100 tr ln
d kin t mt s hng cu ho, khong cch gia cc hng cu ho theo quy nh, quy
phm hin hnh. Cc hng cu ho ny s c thit k ring v phi c s phi hp thng
nht vi c quan phng chy cha chy ca thnh ph. i vi cc cng trnh cao tng, cc
cn c h thng cha chy ring cho tng cng trnh.
4. Thot nc:
a). Thot nc ma
Nc ma c phn chia theo cc lu vc da trn c s cc trin dc ca i ni.
Sau c tp trung vo h thng thot nc ring ph hp vi kh nng thu nc trn
mi a hnh.
H thng cng thot nc y c thit k kt hp gia rnh thot nc hnh
thang c k hc, cng bn np an, cng trn v mng thot nc.
Ni
39
b). Thot nc thi:
b1). Nguyn tc thit k:
- H thng thot nc thi cho khu quy hoch l h thng thot nc ring hon
ton. Nc thi c x l m bo tiu chun v sinh mi trng, c c quan qun l
mi trng cho php mi c x vo h thng thot nc ma.
- Thit k ng cng theo nguyn tc t chy.
b2). Cc ch tiu thot nc thi: Ly bng tiu chun cp nc, c th:
- Nc sinh hot: 300 l/ngi - ngy
- Nc cng cng, dch v du lch : 10 l/m
2
sn-ngy.
- Nc cng vin vui chi gii tr : 5 l/m
2
sn CTCC-ngy.
- H s khng iu ho: Kngy =1,3
b3). Gii php v ni dung thit k:
* Hng thot nc:
- Theo Quy hoch chi tit khu du lch n Sc c ph duyt, nc thi
ca khu quy hoch c thot chung vi nc ma. Tuy nhin, p ng nhu cu pht
trin chung, to cnh quan mi trng xanh, sch nhm nng cao cht lng cuc sng,
qun l v kim sot c tt h thng thot nc thi. V vy, xut gii php thit k h
thng thot nc ring hon ton cho khu quy hoch.
- Nc thi ca cc cng trnh xy dng trong khu quy hoch c thu gom vo
tuyn cng thot nc thi xy dng dc theo cc tuyn ng, dn v trm x l nc thi
tp trung ca khu quy hoch.
- Ring nc thi khu vc cng vin vui chi gii tr (t CVCX 2, pha h lu
p c c, din tch sn xy dng 8.755m
2
, c lu lng nc thi nh, khong
43m
3
/ng) nc thi s c x l cc b ngay ti cng trnh, m bo tiu chun v sinh
mi trng, c thot vo h thng thot nc ma.
Bng 1.6: Tnh ton lu lng trung bnh nc thi
Chc nng s
dng t
DT sn
(m
2
)
S ngi Ch tiu TNT
Lu lng
Qtb(m3/ng.)
t cng cng
dch v QDV
31.172 10L/m2sn 312
t cng vin
vui - chi gii
tr QCV
5.080 5L/m2sn 25,4
t nh ngh,
bit th QSH
376ng 300L/ngi.ng. 113
Tng cng Qtb = QDV+ QCV +QSH 450
Lu lng nc thi ngy cao nht: Qtt = Qtbx Kngy = 450 x 1,3 = 585 m
3
/ng.
* H thng thot nc:
- Trm x l nc thi cc b c cng sut 600 m
3
/ng.m, b tr ti khu t xy
dng cng trnh h tng k thut pha Nam khu quy hoch din tch khong 1000m
2
. m
Ni
40
bo cnh quan khng gian cy xanh v hn ch din tch t xy dng trm, xut cng
ngh x l bng quy trnh bn hot tnh v cc cng trnh x l cn c xy ngm. Nc
thi sau x l s c x vo h thng thot nc ma khu vc.
- Nc bn t cc cng trnh nh ngh, bit th, cng trnh cng cngsau x
l s b c thot vo cc tuyn cng D300mm dc theo dc ng quy hoch, c
su chn cng ti cc im u t 0,7-1m. Xy dng dc theo cc tuyn ng ni b,
dn nc thi v trm x l.
- Dc theo cc tuyn cng thot nc bn b tr cc ging thm ti v tr thay
i tit din cng, chuyn hng cng, ti im x cc cng trnh no vt bo dng nh
k v sa cha cng, khong cch gia cc ging l 20 - 25m (i vi cng D300mm).
1.4.10 Phng n n b
Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni trin khai d n xy
cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni trong s lin
kt cht ch vi Khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn,
thnh ph H Ni c cn b cng vi Trung tm pht trin qu t huyn Sc Sn thnh lp
Hi ng bi thng, h tr v ti nh c huyn Sc Sn. Hi ng n b gii phng mt
bng c trch nhim thc hin cc cng vic sau:
- Lp phng n n b gii to mt bng xy dng d n.
- o c din tch t thu hi v cm mc xc nh chnh xc din tch t phc v
cho cng tc n b gii phng mt bng xy dng d n.
- Lp danh sch i tng, din tch nm trong din gii to mt bng xy dng d n.
- Ban n b gii to mt bng xy dng d n tin hnh gp g, tuyn truyn, vn
ng, gii thch cho ngi dn hiu r ngha kinh t x hi thit thc ca d n,
hiu r tc ng tch cc ca d n i vi i sng ca h v ca cng ng.
- Ban n b gii to mt bng xy dng d n tin hnh hp vi cc h dn v lp h
s n b gii to i vi tng trng hp c th.
- Ban n b gii to mt bng xy dng d n tin hnh thng lng s tin n b
vi cc h dn c din tch t b gii to c tng s tin n b chnh xc cho
tng h v k giy tho thun vi ch h.
- Thanh ton tin n b cho tng h dn.
- Nhn bn giao din tch t c n b t pha h dn.
- Bn giao t trng cho nh thu khi cng xy dng.
D ton n b gii phng mt bng
1. t ai
Qua nghin cu kho st ban u, th trn khu t 68,65 ha thuc d n, (Ngoi cc
loi t nh: t h nc, t doanh tri qun i), c cc loi t ch yu sau y:
- t lm nghip:
- t nng nghip:
- t khu dn c nng thn:
Ni
41
Ch u t ngh p dng n gi cho tng loi t n b trong ch gii mt bng
68,8563 ha ca d n trn c s n gi n b t nng nghip, lm nghip v t khu dn
c nng thn theo quy nh ca UBND thnh ph H ni.
2. Cng trnh xy dng
Qua kho st ban u, loi t v din tch ca cc cng trnh xy dng c trn khu
t ca d n bao gm:
- Nh gch cp 4:
- Nh tm:
- Sn v cc cng trnh xy dng khc:
Trong d ton n b, ch u t p dng n gi n b da trn n gi xy dng
cng trnh c bn do UBND thnh ph H Ni v B xy dng ban hnh dnh cho cng
trnh cng loi lm cn c xc nh n gi n b cho cc cng trnh ny. Gi tr d ton
n b cho cc cng trnh xy dng c trn khu t ca d n c nu trong phn ph lc.
Ni
42
3. Cy lu nm
Cy trng trong khu vc n b gii phng mt bng gm nhiu loi, nhng ch yu
l cy mi trng v cha cho thu hoch qu. Ch u t ngh p dng n gi bnh qun
25.000 ng/cy cho cc loi cy lu nm c trn t ca d n.
4. D phng chi ph pht sinh
Ngoi cc khon d ton chi ph n b gii phng mt bng nu trn, d phng cho
cc chi ph pht sinh trong qu trnh gii phng mt bng (n b hoa mu, di di, sa cha
cc cng trnh cng cng,), ch u t d kin khon chi ph d phng pht sinh l:
5.000.000.000 ng.
Nh vy, tng gi tr d ton cho n b gii phng mt bng v h tr ti nh c
khu t ca d n khong: 54,6 t ng.
1.4.11 Tng vn u t 495 t ng Vit Nam
Trong :
-Tng s vn vay (60% vn u t): 297 t ng.
-Vn t c (40% tng vn u t) : 198 t ng
Vn vay chim 60% vn u t vi li sut vay l 12%/nm, trong thi gian 8 nm
k t khi bt u thc hin u t. Vn gc c tr u bt u t cui nm u tin i vo
hot ng, trong vng 5 nm, khi tr gc cho nm no th tr lun li trong nm y.
Thi gian gii ngn vn vay: Vn vay c gii ngn trong 3 nm chun b
1.4.12 T chc nhn s v chnh sch tuyn dng
S t chc
Cc b phn chc nng
(a) B phn Hnh chnh - Nhn s:
(i) Gip vic cho Ban Tng Gim c.
(ii) Gii quyt cc vn v hnh chnh, nhn s pht sinh trong hot ng sn xut
kinh doanh ca d n.
(iii) Gii quyt cc ch cho ngi lao ng theo lut nh.
(iv) Tuyn dng, o to, duy tr s lng, cht lng i ng lao ng ph hp vi
tng giai on pht trin ca d n.
(b) B phn kinh doanh
Ni
43
Ban tng gim c
dch v du lch &
vui chi gii tr
gim c iu hnh
Kinh doanh
Nh hng
phng
hnh chnh nhn s
Phng
k ton
dch v phc v khch
thu bit th
(i) C nhim v bn v cho thu cc bit th, tin hnh cc hot ng cn thit
thc y vic ny.
(ii) Xy dng v thc hin cc chnh sch marketing, chnh sch kinh doanh thch
hp cho tng thi k.
(iii) Duy tr, xy dng cc mi quan h vi cng ng v vi cc nh ti tr.
(iv) Xy dng, qung b hnh nh ca doanh nghip n vi th trng khch hng
mc tiu v n vi cng chng.
(c) B phn k ton
(i) Thc hin cc nghip v ti chnh k ton pht sinh t hot ng sn xut kinh
doanh.
(ii) Bo co trc tip ln Ban Tng Gim c cc vn c lin quan n ti chnh
k ton.
(d) Nh hng
(i) Phc v nhu cu n ung cho hi vin, khch du lch.
(ii) Qun l i ng nhn vin phc v.
(e) Dch v du lch v vui chi gii tr
(i) Cung cp cc dch v du lch.
(ii) Cung cp cc dch v phc v nhu cu vui chi gii tr a dng ca khch du
lch.
Tuyn dng, o to v s dng lao ng
1. Tuyn dng lao ng
- Ngun nhn lc ch yu s l ngi a phng. Ngoi ra, s tuyn dng mt s lao
ng c trnh chuyn mn cao i vi nhng v tr quan trng trong b my qun
l - iu hnh d n.
- Bn cnh lc lng lao ng ni trn, trong giai on u trin khai, d n cng cn
mt s lao ng ngi nc ngoi tip thu kinh nghim, kin thc iu hnh quc
t. Sau mt thi gian, s o to ngun lao ng thay th.
2. o to lao ng
- Tt c s lao ng c tuyn dng u phi tri qua cc kho o to kht khe v
chuyn mn v nghip v trc khi nhn cng tc.
- Trong qu trnh cng tc, s lao ng ny s c o to nh k cc k nng v
kin thc mi phc v cho yu cu cng vic.
- Tn dng ngun tri thc v kinh nghim ca cc chuyn gia nc ngoi lm vic ti
d n trong vic o to cc k nng cho ngi lao ng.
- o to i ng nhn vin c trnh chuyn mn thay th dn cc v tr do
ngi nc ngoi m nhim.
3. S dng lao ng
- Tt c ngi lao ng lm vic trong d n u c doanh nghip k kt hp ng
lao ng, c b tr cng vic ph hp vi tay ngh v trnh chuyn mn, c
Ni
44
tr lng theo tho thun v theo nng lc cng tc, c hng cc ch BHXH,
BHYT, phc li x hi theo quy nh hin hnh ca php lut.
Cng on v cc hot ng x hi - on th khc
- T chc cng on s c thnh lp theo ng quy inh ca php lut ngay t khi
d n bt u i vo hot ng. y l mt t chc chnh tr x hi quan trng khng
ch i vi ngi lao ng m c i vi ngi s dng lao ng.
- Cc hot ng x hi on th thit thc s c t chc thc hin ng theo quy
nh ca php lut v theo quy inh ca doanh nghip.
Ch lao ng v tin lng: Ch lao ng v tin lng c thc hin theo:
- B Lut Lao ng Vit Nam v cc vn bn hng dn thi hnh;
- Cc vn bn quy phm php lut ca B Lao ng Thng binh X hi ban hnh;
- Cc vn bn quy phm php lut ca B thng mi, Tng cc Du lchban hnh
Cc loi hnh lao ng
Hp ng lao ng di hn;
Hp ng lao ng ngn hn;
Cc cng tc vin theo v vic.
Cc ch khc 100% cn b cng nhn vin ca d n s c m bo v ch bo
him y t, bo him x hi v cc chnh sch v lao ng y t do Chnh Ph v B Y t quy
nh.
m bo c ngun nhn lc p ng cho mc ch kinh doanh, D n s c
nhng chin lc v nhn s v nhng chnh sch i ng hp l ca Cng ty c phn u
t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni khi trin khai d n xy dng Khu vui chi gii
tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu t tiu chun quc t thu ht v gn b ngi lao
ng:
- m bo thu nhp tin lng mc cao so mt bng thu nhp trong vi ngnh ngh. V
c chnh sch tin lng cao i vi h thng nhn s qun l v chuyn mn cht lng
cao.
- Xy dng ch i ng hp l i vi cn b cng nhn vin khi hon thnh tt cng
vic hoc c ng gp ng k cho s pht trin ca d n.
- Lin tc o to ti ch hoc o to nc ngoi cho cn b cng nhn vin c v mt
nghip v chuyn mn ln t tng ngh nghip.
- Xy dng mi trng lm vic lnh mnh v vn ho doanh nghip du lch
Song song vi vic tuyn dng nhn lc theo bin ch chnh thc th trong cc giai
on pht trin, d n c th b sung ngun nhn lc t cc cng ty dch v khc nh: an
ninh, thng tin thng mi, v sinh mi trng, giao thng vn ti, dch v khch sn, nh
ngh.... p ng cho cc dch v ph tr ca d n.
1.4.13 Tin thc hin d n
Ni
45
Sau khi c php u t, Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao
H Ni s khn trng tin hnh cng tc gii phng v bn giao mt bng cho bn thi cng
trin khai xy dng v a d n vo vn hnh ng tin d kin. C th l:
Cc giai on Thi gian d kin Ni dung cng vic c th
Giai on 1
6 thng k t khi ch
u t c giao t/
thu t thc hin d n.
- Thc hin thit k v thit k k thut thi
cng;
- Chun b b my nhn s, ti chnh u
t cho d n.
Giai on 2 10 thng
- Xy dng h tng khu bit th, vui chi
gii tr;
Giai on 3 10 thng
- Xy dng khu bit th nh vn, vui
chi gii tr;
- Bn, cho thu mt phn thu ht u t
vo khu cn h, bit th;
Giai on 4 10 thng
- Hon thnh khu bit th nh vn, Khu
vui chi gii tr - Khu bit th bn v
cho thu;
- a d n i vo kinh doanh tng th
Bng 1.7: Tin u t trn bng biu
Giai
on
Hng mc Thng 7/09-
12/09
Thng
01/2010-
09/2010
Thng
10/2010-
7/2011
Thng
08/11-
05/2012
1 Gii phng mt bng
2
Xy dng h tng khu
bit th, Khu vui chi
gii tr - Khu bit th
bn v cho thu.
3
Khu vui chi gii tr -
Khu bit th bn v
cho thu
Kinh doanh v bn khu
bit th
4 Hon thnh khu bit th
nh vn, Khu vui chi
gii tr - Khu bit th
bn v cho thu;
1.4.14 Hiu qu kinh t x hi ca d n
D n Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v
cng cng, cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni
trong s lin kt cht ch vi Khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc,
Ni
46
huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni ca Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th
thao H Ni khi c trin khai s em li nhng hiu qu kinh t x hi thit thc:
+ L mt huyn ngoi thnh ca th H Ni, do c im ca a hnh i ni,
t ai ch yu l si cn ci rt kh c iu kin pht trin kinh t nng nghip nh
trng trt, chn nuiv vy, vic pht trin kinh t a phng theo hng dch v du lch
l ph hp vi iu kin ca huyn Sc Sn.
+ To ra mt mi trng vui chi gii tr mi, hp dn cho cc nh ngoi giao, cc
lnh o, cc tp on kinh t nc ngoi n Vit Nam v cho c ngi dn H ni v cc
vng ln cn.
+ To ra mt h sinh thi mang tnh n nh v bn vng cao cho a phng, ng
thi nng cao gi tr v hiu qu s dng t ai.
+ Huy ng, gii quyt cng n vic lm cho hng trm lao ng trn a bn vi thu
nhp n nh, gp phn chuyn dch c cu kinh t ca a phng.
+ Hng nm ng gp mt ngun thu ln cho ngn sch a phng v trung ng
qua cc khon thu v l ph...
+ To nn mt khu du lch th thao, gii tr hin i, c cht lng cao, gp phn thu
ht khch du lch n H Ni, to cnh quan, lm p b mt ca thnh ph.
Cc khon thu np ngn sch nh nc trong qu trnh thc hin d n:
Tng cc khon np thu gi tr gia tng: 425 t ng.
Tng cc khon np thu TNDN: 676 t ng
Tng cc khon thu vi ngi c thu nhp cao: 4,5 t ng
Khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, H Ni l vng t c nhiu tim nng cho pht
trin kinh t ni chung v cho pht trin du lch ni ring. Tuy nhin, c s h tng v cc
yu t cn thit khc cha p ng c yu cu. V vy, vic u t xy dng d n Khu
vui chi gii tr - Khu bit th bn v cho thu khu vc ny l ht sc cn thit. Mt
mt, d n s gp phn xy dng c s h tng vng chc phc v cho pht trin du lch v
chun b c s vt cht k thut cho k nim 1000 nm ng - Thng Long - H Ni.
Mt khc, d n cn gp phn thc y v chuyn dch c cu kinh t a phng theo
hng ly dch v du lch lm trng tm, ph hp vi chin lc pht trin kinh t x hi
ca thnh ph H Ni.
Khu I l phn dch v cng cng v cm bit th H ng n c din tch
68,8563ha gm cc khch sn, bit th, cng vin cy xanh kt hp vui chi gii tr cho
nhiu la tui qung i qun chng, cc cng trnh dch v cng cng, h nc c xy
dng ng b, hon chnh v h thng h tng k thut v h tng x hi, pht trin cc dch
v du lch-vn ha-ngh ngi m bo n nh lu di, nng cao hiu qu s dng t ai ti
a phng.
- S Quy hoch-kin trc H Ni cng UBND huyn Sc Sn, Cng ty C phn u
t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni- ch u t d n cng b quy hoch chi tit
xy dng t l 1/500 Khu lin hp th thao gii tr a nng ny ph hp vi Thng t s
99/2006/TT-BNN ngy 06 thng 11 nm 2006 ca B Nng nghip v PTNT Hng dn
Ni
47
thc hin mt s iu ca Quy ch qun l rng ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s
186/2006/Q-TTg, ngy 14/8/2006 ca Th tng Chnh ph.
y l mt d n quy m c vn u t ln, do cc nh u t trong nc c nhiu
tm huyt vi s nghip pht trin kinh t ca th trin khai thc hin. Hn th na, khu
vc trin khai d n l vng t bn sn a, c s h tng cha c u t, nhiu vn
kinh t, k thut phc tp, kh khn s phi gii quyt khi trin khai d n. Bn cnh , chi
ph vn hnh, chi ph qun l v cc chi ph song hnh khc cng rt cao. Cng ty TNHH
u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni rt mong cc c quan, ban, ngnh, on th
v nhn dn a phng gip , ng h, to iu kin cho doanh nghip trong qu trnh
thc hin d n.
Ni
48
Chng 2
iu kin t nhin, mi trng v kinh t - x hi
2.1 iu kin t nhin v mi trng
2.1.1 a hnh v hin trng h tng k thut
a) a hnh
a hnh khu vc trin khai d n xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v
cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh,
huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni trong s lin kt cht ch vi Khu du lch vn ho, ngh
ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni ca Cng ty c phn
u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni nm trong vng c c im a hnh bn
sn a i ni thp. dc a hnh theo hng Ty Bc - ng Nam:
- Cao nht l khu vc nm trong qun th ni n pha Ty Ty Bc (ct cao t
nhin t 30m 160m).
- Thp nht l khu t nghin cu xy dng pha ng (ch yu l rung canh tc
nm chn khu vc i ni v h ng n), cao trung bnh khong 18m - 23m.
b) H tng k thut hin c:
* Giao thng:
Trong khu quy hoch hin c tuyn ng t ng Quc l 3 - n Sc i h
ng Quan. Tuyn ng ny hin ang c xy dng ci to trn c s ng hin c
vi mt ct ngang in hnh rng 13,5m, vi thnh phn: lng ng xe chy rng 7,5m. H
hoc l 2 bn rng 3m, chiu di qua khu quy hoch khong 1025m.
Cc tuyn ng dn sinh trong khu vc (MC 2-2 v MC 3-3) c tng chiu
khong 1765m, mt ng t rng t 3,0-9,0m.
p ca h c c c chiu di khong 145m, chiu rng mt p t 12- 14m,
trn p rng t 36 48m, cao mt p 25,3 26,0m
* H thng thu nng: Trong khu quy hoch c h c c l h thu li ca khu
vc vi din tch khong 14ha, dung tch thit k khong 840.000m
3
, cao mc nc ln
nht thit k Hmax=22,0m, cao mc nc ma l ln nht H
l
=23,0m, cao ngng
trn 22,0m, cao mt p 25,3 26m. H c c lm nhim v ti tiu cho khu vc.
Hng thot ca ca trn l v pha ng vo h thng thot nc hin c.
* Cp nc: Khu quy hoch hin ti cha c cp nc sch t mng li cp
nc ca Thnh ph cng nh ca khu vc. Hin ti Cng ty Kinh doanh nc sch s 2
ang trin khai d n cp nc cho khu vc th trn Sc Sn, v lu di khu vc quy hoch
s c cp nc t d n nu trn.
* Cp in: Hin nay khu vc ang c cp ngun t trm 110/22KV Sc Sn 1
thng qua tuyn cp trc DDK 35KV (22KV) hin c i dc tuyn ng Quc l 3 - n
Sc.
c) iu kin a cht
Ni
49
t ai khu vc ny c cu to a tng khng qu phc tp, thun li cho xy dng
cc cng trnh vi quy m ln.
Cu to cc lp t theo th t t trn xung di c tm tt nh sau:
- Lp 1 - t lp: B dy khng ln v thay i t 1,6 m n 2,8 m. Thnh phn ch
yu l ct ht mn n ht nh mu nu vng, xm vng, xung n lp c c bn y ao c
mu en, xm en. Trng thi xp v khng ng nht, phn trn thng c cht tt hn,
cng xung di lp m cht gim dn.
- Lp 2 - St pha mu xm vng, xm trn do cng: B dy ca lp ny khng ln,
thay i t 2,0 m n 3,1 m. Thnh phn ca lp ny l cc ht st, bi v t ct ht mn.
Trng thi do cng. Lp ny c kh nng chu ti trung bnh v bin dng ln mc va
phi.
- Lp 3 - St pha mu nu, xm tro trng thi do chy: B dy ca lp tng i
ln, thay i t 3,0 m n 5,7 m. Thnh phn ca lp ny l cc ht st, bi v ct ht mn
trng thi chy - do chy. Trng thi chung l do chy. Lp ny c kh nng chu ti km
v bin dng ln ln.
- Lp 4 - Lp bn st mu xm tro ln hu c: B dy ca lp tng i ln, thay
i t 8,3 m n 10,4 m. Thnh phn ca lp ny l cc ht st, bi v mn hu c cha
phn hu ht, i ch l than bn. Lp ny c kh nng chu ti rt km v bin dng ln rt
ln.
- Lp 5 - Lp ct bi xp - cht va kp st: B dy ca lp mng, thay i t 3,7 m
n 6,2 m. Thnh phn ca lp ny l cc ht st, bi v st. c im ca lp ny l u
lp c trng thi ri xp v xen kp nhiu tp st mng. Pha cui lp ct chuyn sang cht
va. Lp ny c kh nng chu ti trung bnh v mc bin dng ln nh.
- Lp 6 - Lp st pha mu nu xm pht hng trng thi do mm: B dy ca lp
tng i ln, thay i t 7,1 m n 8,8 m. Thnh phn ca lp ny l cc ht st, bi v ct
ht bi, mn. Lp ny c kh nng chu ti yu v mc bin dng ln ln.
- Lp 7 - Lp ct mn mu xm tro, xm n trng thi cht va: B dy ca lp
tng i ln, thay i t 11,0 m n 14,0 m. Thnh phn ca lp ny l cc ct bi mn,
phn v cui lp ng knh tng ln. Lp ny c kh nng chu ti tt v mc bin dng
ln t.
- Lp 8 - Lp ct nh mu xm tro, xm en cht: B dy cha c xc nh c th.
Thnh phn ca lp ny l ct ht nh ln si sn, phn v cui lp chuyn sang cui si ln
ct. Lp ny c kh nng chu ti tt v mc bin dng ln t.
2.1.2 Ti nguyn thin nhin
Theo iu tra kho st chung cho thy, khu vc trin khai d n khng c ngun ti
nguyn thin nhin no. Mi trng sinh thi khu vc ny cng rt phong ph v n nh,
to nn tng cho vic trin khai mi trng sinh thi ca d n.
Ni
50
Khu vc trin khai d n l vng t c cnh quan thin nhin phong ph bao gm h
thng i ni, cc h nc, rng cy... Nm ngoi phm vi t nghin cu d n v pha
Ty Bc c h thng cc cng trnh kin trc di tch lch s vn ho c gi tr nh: Khu di
tch lch s n Sc ni ting gn lin vi huyn thoi Thnh Ging ca dn tc; qun th
Cha Non, Hc Vin Pht Gio Vit Nam... l cc cng trnh tn gio tn ngng ang c
xy dng mi vi quy m kh ln.
Qun th di tch n Sc nm n dt di chn ni V Linh (ni Sc Sn) bt ngn cy
ci, c h nc rng vi phong cnh hng v, khng kh trong lnh, mt m. Nh cnh quan
v mi trng, khch n tham quan di tch khng ch cng l m cn c thng ngon
cnh quan v tn hng bu khng kh trong lnh.
2.1.3 H sinh thi
- ng vt trn cn: H sinh thi ti khu vc xy dng d n thuc h sinh thi ngho.
Cc loi c xng sng khu vc ch yu l chut nh, chut cng, chut nht, chut ch,
cc loi thch sng, thn ln bng, mt s loi ch nhi v rn nc. Ngoi ng rung c
th gp cc loi chut ng, chut ln, chut nht ng, nhiu loi ch nhi, rn v chim
hot ng vng ng rung. Chnh h sinh thi nng nghip do con ngi to nn hnh
Ni
51
thnh cho khu vc h cn trng gy hi, theo thng k th c trn 300 loi cn trng gy
hi.
- Thy sinh vt: Ti nguyn thy sinh vt trong khu vc knh ti tiu nng nghip
ngho nn, c gi tr kinh t khng cao nhng chng tham gia vo qu trnh lm sch mi
trng. ng thc vt tri ni c nhiu trong cc ao h, knh mng ti tiu v trn cc
cnh ng. Phytoplancton ch yu l cc loi to lc v to silic. Zooplancton ch yu l cc
nhm Cladocera, Rotatoria, Copepada... C nui trong cc h ao ch yu l c chp, tri, m,
rphi,... Sn lng c nui trong cc h ao thp. Tuy vy, cc loi c cng tham gia vo qu
trnh BVMT, nht l hp th cc kim loi nng do sn xut nng nghip thi ra. Thnh phn
sinh vt h sinh thi cc thy vc knh mng phong ph. Ph du ng vt v thc vt y:
Bao gm cc nhm ch yu sau: Rotatoria ; Oligochaeta ; Cladocera ; Copepoda ;
Ostravacoda ; Macrura ; Bradrvura ; Mollusca v rt nhiu con trng v u trng sng di
nc
- H thc vt : Ti khu vc thc hin d n, ngoi nhng loi cy trng nh: la,
khoai, ng, u , rau mu, khu rng trngTi khu vc d n thng cc ging loi in
hnh v ph du thc vt ng bng pha Bc nh: Chamaesiphon incrustans, Cocconeis
Placentula, Nostochopsis Lobatus, ven cc knh mng thng gp: Spirogyra zhifoides.
Cc ging to nh: Pediastzum, Scenedesmus, Cosmorimum, Cloterium, Meriomopedia,
2.1.4 ng t v p lc gi
Theo Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam (Tp III) ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 439/BXD-
CSXD ngy 25/9/1997 ca B trng B Xy dng th thnh ph H Ni v vng ln cn c
p lc gi v ng t nh sau:
- p lc gi: Nm vng II.B, p lc gi W
0
= 125 da N/m
2

- ng t: nm vng chn ng cp 7 (MSK) vi tn sut lp li B1 0,005 (Chu
k T1 200 nm). Xc sut xut hin chn ng P 0,1 trong 20 nm.
2.1.5 iu kin kh hu
Do c im v tr a l, Vit nam ni chung v khu vc Sc Sn - H Ni ni ring c
kh hu nhit i gi ma. Thi tit c quy nh bi hai ma gi to nn hai ma r rt
trong mt nm.
D n nm trong vng chu th sng Hng t 20
0
34 - 21
0
17 v Bc, 105
0
17 -
106
0
kinh ng, l mt tm o gip bao quanh th H Ni v hai pha Ty v Nam vi
bn ca ng vo th qua cc Quc l 1A, 6A, 32.
Sc Sn nm trong vng kh hu ng bng Bc B, mang c th ca min kh hu
nhit i gi ma, ma ng lnh, ma h nng m ma nhiu. Do c im a hnh nn
hnh thnh 3 vng, mi vng mang mt c trng kh hu khc nhau.
- Ma ng: Lnh r rt so vi ma h, chnh lch nhit trung bnh gia thng
lnh nht v thng nng nht ln n 12
0
C, so nhit trung bnh thng lnh nht ch xung
n 16 17
0
C, rt thun li cho vic pht trin cy v ng gi tr kinh t cao.
- Ma H: Nng m, ma nhiu, lng ma trung bnh t 1.500 1.700 mm. Lng
ma tng dn t u ma n gia ma, t cc i vo thng 8 v 9.
Ni
52
Ma gi ng - Bc c bt u t thng 10 n thng 12 v kt thc khong thng
03 (cn nh hng cht t n thng 04), c vn tc trung bnh khong 1,5 - 2m/giy.
Ma gi ng - Nam do dng khng kh chuyn ng t bin ng. Ma gi ny
mang y hi nc thng bt u t thng 4 v thng 5 v kt thc vo khong thng 10,
c vn tc trung bnh khong 1,3-1,8m/giy.
Nhit trung bnh hng nm khong 24
o
C. Thng c nhit trung bnh cao nht l
thng 7, vo khong 29
o
C. Thng c nhit trung bnh thp nht l thng 1, vo khong
16
o
C.
m khng kh trung bnh hng nm thng dao ng t 82% n 84%. Thng th
m cao nht vo cc thng ma ma, u xun hay ma phn, vo khong 90%. Trong
khi , m ch khong 50% vo cc thng ma ng.
Lng ma H ni nhn chung l kh ln, lng ma trung bnh hng nm kh ln,
vo khong 1628,8 mm. Tuy nhin, lng ma li phn b khng u cc khu vc khc
nhau v cc ma khc nhau trong nm. Vo ma kh, ma thng ko di vi s ngy
ma l 101 ngy, trung bnh 1.431,3 mm, chim gn 90% lng ma ca c nm. Vo ma
kh, s ngy ma ch cn khong 57 ngy.
Vi s gi nng t 1550 n 1700 gi/nm (trong ma h chim 35-37% thi gian),
v tng s thi gian chiu sng trung bnh trong nm H Ni khong 4.350 gi/nm (vi
thi gian chiu sng khong 12,5-13,5 gi/ngy vo cc thng ma h v khong 10,5-11,5
gi/ngy vo cc thng ma ng), lng bc x tng cng ti H Ni l 123,7 Kcal/cm
2
nm.
Tuy nhin, vi c im ca mt vng c nhiu ni, rng (gm c rng t nhin v rng
trng), v h nc cho nn kh hu mt m v ma h v m p v ma ng, rt thch hp
vi cc hot ng du lch, th thao, vn ho, vui chi, gii tr v ngh ngi, ngh dng.
c trng cc yu t kh tng thng k khu vc H Ni, lin quan n s pht tn
nhim c trnh by chi tit sau:
Ni
53
a) Nhit khng kh
Nhit khng kh c nh hng n s lan truyn v chuyn ha cc cht nhim
trong khng kh. Nhit khng kh cng cao th tc lan truyn v chuyn ha cc cht
nhim trong mi trng khng kh cng ln.
Bng 2.1: Nhit trung bnh trong cc thng v nm
(S liu ti Trm kh tng thy vn Vnh Phc 2008) (n v o:
0
C)
TT Cc thng Nm 2005 Nm 2006 Nm 2007 Nm 2008
1 Thng 1 17,1 16,5 16,7 15,7
2 Thng 2 19,2 20,7 17,5 17,5
3 Thng 3 22,0 21,6 20,2 18,8
4 Thng 4 25,0 25,6 23,5 23,4
5 Thng 5 26,9 28,2 25,6 28,0
6 Thng 6 29,1 29,7 28,4 29,3
7 Thng 7 29,2 29,4 28,6 28,8
8 Thng 8 27,8 28,3 28,3 27,9
9 Thng 9 26,7 26,8 27,1 27,5
10 Thng 10 24,6 25,4 24,5 25,3
11 Thng 11 20,7 22,8 22,1 21,9
12 Thng 12 18,7 17,4 18,0 16,7
13 C nm 23,9 24,4 23,4 23,4
b) m khng kh
m khng kh cng ln to iu kin vi sinh vt t mt t pht tn vo khng kh
nhanh chng, lan truyn trong khng kh v chuyn ha cc cht nhim khng kh gy
nhim mi trng.
Bng 2.2: m tng i trung bnh trong cc thng v nm
(S liu ti Trm kh tng thy vn Vnh Phc 2008) (n v o: %)
1 Thng 1 83 83 83 84
2 Thng 2 88 87 64 88
3 Thng 3 86 83 85 86
4 Thng 4 88 87 90 89
5 Thng 5 87 87 89 87
6 Thng 6 86 81 83 83
7 Thng 7 84 85 85 85
8 Thng 8 88 90 89 90
9 Thng 9 87 90 88 88
10 Thng 10 85 80 79 80
11 Thng 11 85 79 81 85
12 Thng 12 87 77 79 76
Ni
54
13 C nm 86 87 83 85
c) Lng ma
Bng 2.3: Lng ma trong cc thng v nm
(S liu ti Trm kh tng thy vn Vnh Phc 2008) (n v: mm)
1 Thng 1 7,6 38,4 9,5 13,8
2 Thng 2 13,6 35,6 27,4 31,9
3 Thng 3 11,4 13,6 36,2 23,7
4 Thng 4 17,5 44,2 122,3 27,2
5 Thng 5 200,7 254,7 275,7 74,4
6 Thng 6 201,2 171,8 201,6 239,8
7 Thng 7 193,6 224,6 296,6 355,0
8 Thng 8 187,4 272,1 212,2 469,7
9 Thng 9 159,9 312,8 112,5 307,2
10 Thng 10 103,6 39,8 17,4 32,8
11 Thng 11 51,1 2,8 16,7 113,1
12 Thng 12 53,6 4,6 18,1 21,4
13 C nm 1.355,4 1.415,0 1.346,2 1.710,0
d) Tc gi v hng gi
Gi l yu t kh tng c bn nht c nh hng n s lan truyn cht nhim
trong khng kh v xo trn cht nhim. Tc gi cng cao th cht nhim lan ta cng
xa ngun nhim v nng cht nhim cng c pha long bi khng kh sch.
Ngc li tc gi cng nh hoc khng c gi th cht nhim s bao trm xung
mt t ti chn cc ngun thi lm cho nng cht gy nhim trong khng kh xung
quanh ti ngun thi s t gi tr ln nht. Hng gi thay i lm cho mc nhim v
khu vc b nhim cng bin i theo.
Bng 2.4: Tc gi trung bnh thng ti H Ni nm 2008 v cc vng ph cn
(S liu ti Trm kh tng thy vn Vnh Phc 2008) (n v: m/s)
Khu vc
Tc gi trung bnh
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TP H Ni 2,5 2,8 2,7 2,8 3,1 2,7 3,2 2,2 1,9 2,0 2,2 2,2
e) Nng v bc x
Bng 2.5: Gi nng trong cc thng v nm ti H Ni v cc vng ph cn
(S liu ti Trm kh tng thy vn Vnh Phc 2008) (n v: gi)
1 Thng 1 76,9 109,3 34,4 29,5
2 Thng 2 42,2 92,8 44,4 19,5
Ni
55
3 Thng 3 31,6 73,2 45,1 33,6
4 Thng 4 108,7 101,8 67,5 73,6
5 Thng 5 126,1 164,5 125,1 182,8
6 Thng 6 124,6 151,0 165,3 121,6
7 Thng 7 101,4 207,7 111,1 191,7
8 Thng 8 150,7 118,4 163,8 128,0
9 Thng 9 143,1 144,5 135,0 162,4
10 Thng 10 140,0 187,5 119,4 113,0
11 Thng 11 100,3 130,9 128,3 128,0
12 Thng 12 60,7 98,7 127,5 67,2
13 C nm 1.206,3 1.576,3 1.266,9 1.250,9
Bc x mt tri l yu t quan trng nh hng trc tip n ch nhit trong vng,
nh hng n qu trnh pht tn cng nh bin i cc cht nhim. Tng bc x trung
bnh hng ngy H Ni l 100 - 120 kcal/cm
2
. Cc thng c bc x cao nht l cc thng
ma h (thng 6 v thng 7) v thp nht l cc thng ma ng.
f) bn vng ca kh quyn
bn vng ca kh quyn c xc nh theo tc gi v bc x mt tri vo ban
ngy v che ph ca my vo ban m. Khu vc H Ni v cc vng ph cn c lng
my trung bnh nm vo khong 7,5/10.
Thi k nhiu my nht l vo cui ma ng m thng cc i l thng 3, lng my
trung bnh l 9/10, t my nht l 4 thng cui nm, thng cc tiu l thng 10, 11, lng
my trung bnh ch 6/10.
Bng 2.6: Phn loi bn vng ca kh quyn (Pasquill, 1961)
Tc gi
( cao 10 m)
Ban ngy
(Theo mc nng)
Ban m
(Theo lng my)
m/s Dm/gi Mnh Tbnh Nh
Dy ( 4/8) Mng ( 3/8)
< 2 < 4 A A - B B - -
2 - 3 4,5 - 6,7 A - B C C E F
3 - 5 6,7 - 11,2 B C C D E
5 - 6 11,2 - 13,4 C D D D D
> 6 > 13,4 C D D D D
Ghi ch: - Lng my tnh bng 1/10 bu tri
A : Phn tng bt n nh mnh B : Phn tng bt n nh trung bnh
C : Phn tng bt n nh nh D : Phn tng cn bng
E : Phn tng n nh nh F : Phn tng n nh trung bnh
Ni
56
bn vng kh quyn loi A, B, C din ra trong iu kin kh quyn khng n nh.
Do vy khi tnh ton v thit k h thng nhim cn tnh cho iu kin kh quyn n nh
v bt li nht (loi F). i vi H Ni v khu vc ln cn, ban m bn vng ca kh
quyn thuc loi D v E. Vo nhng ngy nng v tc gi nh, bn vng ca kh
quyn thuc loi B, B - C, ngy c my l C. Trong cc trng hp tnh ton khuych tn
nhim, s dng mc B.
2.1.6 Hin trng mi trng khng kh khu vc trin khai d n
Hin trng mi trng ti khu t quy hoch d n Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th
Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni ca Ch u t Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui
chi gii tr th thao H Ni c nh gi thng qua cc s liu kho st, o c thc a
v kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng cc mu khng kh, nc v t trong phm vi
d n v khu vc ln cn.
Phn khng kh bao gm cc thng s vi kh hu, ting n, nng bi TSP v hi
kh c. Phn nc gm nc mt, nc ngm, cui cng l phn t mt.
K hiu cc mu khng kh kho st, o c, ly mu phn tch:
K1: u ng vo d n, to (N: 21
0
1715.1 ; E: 105
0
5030.0)
K2: Ven ng vo, i din tng c Thnh, (N: 21
0
1718.3 ; E: 105
0
5112.5)
K3: Ven h ng n, i 10 thn V Linh
K4: Li cu nh vo doanh tri qun i
K5: Nh anh Nguyn Hu ng (N: 21
0
1652.4 ; E: 105
0
5442.2)
K6: Gia thn V Linh, gip nh anh Dng c Hun
(N: 21
0
1826.8 ; E: 105
0
5342.0)
K7: Mc gii t DA, nh ng Bi Vn Hot (N: 21
0
1835.4 ; E:105
0
5312.4)
K8: Dc ng t chy ven DA
Ni
57
Bng 2.7: Cht lng mi trng khng kh khu vc d n
Thi gian o kim: Ngy 24 thng 11 nm 2009
c im thi tit khu vc: Tri t my, gi nh
Ngy phn tch: 24-30 thng 11 nm 2009
TT Ch tiu n v
QCVN
05 : 2009
Kt qu phn tch
K1 K2 K3 K4 K5
1 Nhit
o
C - 19 19 20 20 20
2 m % - 68 70 70 67 66
3 Tc gi m/s - 1,0 0,7 0,5 0,8 0,7
4
Ting n
(dBA)
Laeq 75 68 54 52 62 65
Lamax - 71 58 59 70 74
Lamin - 56 49 48 60 62
5 Bi TSP mg/m
3
0,30 0,26 0,22 0,16 0,18 0,22
6 CO mg/m
3
30 2,15 1,30 1,45 1,95 1,75
7 NO
2
mg/m
3
0,2 0,192 0,16 0,10 0,14 0,15
8 SO
2
mg/m
3
0,35 0,260 0,18 0,11 0,15 0,16
9 H
2
S mg/m
3
0,042 (**) 0,014 0,016 0,012 0,018 0,012
10 Tng C
x
H
y
mg/m
3
5 (**) 0,946 0,678 0,526 0,742 0,893
Ghi ch: - Khng qui nh
QCVN 05:2009: Qui chun k thut Vit Nam v gi tr gii hn cc thng s
c bn trong khng kh xung quanh (trung bnh 1gi)
(*) TCVN 5949-1998: Tiu chun Vit Nam v mc n ti a cho php
khu cng cng v khu dn c (t 6h n 22h)
(**) QCVN 06: 2009: Qui chun k thut Vit Nam v mt s cht c hi
trong khng kh xung quanh (trung bnh 1gi)
Theo kt qu o c, phn tch mu, so snh vi qui chun QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT
v QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT qui nh cho thy ti thi im o kim cc yu t mi trng
khng kh nn trong v ngoi khu d n cha c hin tng b nhim, c th:
+ Cc yu t vi kh hu, cc ch tiu kh c nh SO
2
, NO
2
, CO, H
2
S, hi hu c...,
bi TSP v ting n ti cc v tr o kim trong khu vc u nm trong gi tr gii hn qui
chun QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT v QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT v mt s cht c hi trong
khng kh xung quanh.
+ Lu lng xe c qua li ng vo khu d n tha tht, nh hng khng kh,
ting n v bi do giao thng l rt hn ch, mc nh hng thp.
Bng 2.8: Cht lng mi trng khng kh khu vc d n (tip theo)
Thi gian o kim: Ngy 24 thng 11 nm 2009
c im thi tit khu vc: Tri t my, gi nh
TT Ch tiu n v QCVN Kt qu phn tch
Ni
58
05 : 2009 K6 K7 K8
1 Nhit
o
C - 20 19 20
2 m % - 69 70 70
3 Tc gi m/s - 0,4 0,8 0,9
4
Ting n
(dBA)
Laeq 75 62 60 62
Lamax - 72 76 78
Lamin - 55 54 52
5 Bi TSP mg/m
3
0,30 0,22 0,22 0,24
6 CO mg/m
3
30 1,45 1,30 1,45
7 NO
2
mg/m
3
0,2 0,13 0,16 0,12
8 SO
2
mg/m
3
0,35 0,22 0,14 0,15
9 H
2
S mg/m
3
0,042 (**) 0,014 0,016 0,012
10 Tng C
x
H
y
mg/m
3
5 (**) 0,762 0,894 0,826
Ghi ch: - Khng qui nh
QCVN 05:2009: Qui chun k thut Vit Nam v gi tr gii hn cc thng s
c bn trong khng kh xung quanh (trung bnh 1gi)
(*) TCVN 5949-1998: Tiu chun Vit Nam v mc n ti a cho php
khu cng cng v khu dn c (t 6h n 22h)
(**) QCVN 06: 2009: Qui chun k thut Vit Nam v mt s cht c hi
trong khng kh xung quanh (trung bnh 1gi)
2.1.7 Cht lng mi trng nc mt khu vc
Ngun nc mt xung quanh s chu nh hng trc tip ca hot ng thc hin d
n l mng tiu nc ni ng, hng thot t Bc xung Nam v t Ty sang ng vi
dc nh ch khong 0,02 0,03%. Hin ti quanh khu vc c mt s ao nc nh, t
qung do hot ng dn sinh, t d n ang l t canh tc nng nghip thuc thn V
Linh, h nc mt ng n - trung tm ca DA.
Trong qu trnh thc hin Bo co TM, nhm thc hin tp trung nh gi cht
lng nc mt khu vc d n. Bn cnh , vi mc ch c c hnh dung tng th v
hin trng nc mt khu vc, nhm thc hin cng tin hnh ly mu phn tch cht lng
nc rung ca mt s h dn nm trong qui hoch ca d n.

Bng 2.9: Cht lng ngun nc mt khu vc
Thi im ly mu: Ngy 24 thng 11 nm 2009
TT Ch tiu n v
Kt qu
Nc h ng
n
QCVN 08:2008/ BTNMT
B1 B2
1 pH 6,2 5,5 9 5,5 9
2 Cht rn l lng mg/l 94 50 100
3 DO mg/l 1,9 4 2
4 BOD
5
mg/l 28 15 25
Ni
59
5 COD mg/l 52 30 50
6 Amoni (NH
4
+
) mg/l 1,014 0,5 1
7 Nitrat (NO
3
-
) mg/l 15,752 10 15
8 Nitrit (NO
2
-
) mg/l 0,056 0,04 0,05
9 Photphat (PO
4
3-
) mg/l 0,624 0,3 0,5
10 Clorua (Cl
-
) mg/l 243 600 -
11 Cadimi (Cd) mg/l 0,008 0,01 0,01
12 Km (Zn) mg/l 1,854 1,5 2
13 ng (Cu) mg/l 0,792 0,5 1
14 Xianua (CN
-
) mg/l 0,004 0,02 0,02
15 Tng du, m mg/l 0,07 0,1 0,3
16 Phenol tng mg/l 0,004 0,01 0,02
17 E-Coli MPN/100ml 50 100 200
18 Coliform MPN/100ml 1.800 7.500 10.000
Ghi ch: QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt
Theo kt qu phn tch, so snh vi qui chun cht lng ngun nc mt, nc h
ng n nm gia trung tm d n ang b nhim nh, th hin qua hm lng oxy ho
tan (DO) thp, BOD
5
v COD, NO
2
-
, NO
3
-
, PO
4
3-
vt QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT Qui chun
k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt.
Song song ly mu nc h ng n nhm thc hin cng tin hnh ly mu phn
tch cht lng nc ao ca mt s h dn nm trong qui hoch ca d n thuc thn V
Linh, x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, TP H Ni.
Kt qu cho trn bng 2.10 trang bn
Ni
60
Bng 2.10: Cht lng ngun nc ao trong phm vi d n
Thi im ly mu: 24 thng 11 nm 2009
TT Ch tiu n v
Kt qu
QCVN 08:2008/
BTNMT
NM1 NM2
B1 B2
1 pH 7,2 6,9 5,5 9 5,5 9
2 Cht rn l lng mg/l 64 62 50 100
3 DO mg/l 1,9 2,0 4 2
4 BOD
5
mg/l 30 32 15 25
5 COD mg/l 52 56 30 50
6 Amoni (NH
4
+
) mg/l 1,031 1,018 0,5 1
7 Nitrat (NO
3
-
) mg/l 11,424 12,307 10 15
8 Nitrit (NO
2
-
) mg/l 0,062 0,051 0,04 0,05
9 Photphat (PO
4
3-
) mg/l 0,027 0,034 0,3 0,5
10 Clorua (Cl
-
) mg/l 217,5 204 600 -
11 Cadimi (Cd) mg/l 0,006 0,004 0,01 0,01
12 Km (Zn) mg/l 1,688 1,755 1,5 2
13 ng (Cu) mg/l 0,874 0,769 0,5 1
14 Xianua (CN
-
) mg/l 0,004 0,005 0,02 0,02
15 Tng du, m mg/l 0,014 0,018 0,1 0,3
16 Phenol tng mg/l 0,008 0,006 0,01 0,02
17
Ho cht BVTV c
clo hu c (Lindan)
g/l 0,2874 0,2625 0,38 0,40
18
Ho cht BVTV c
photpho (parathion)
g/l 0,1486 0,1549 0,4 0,5
19 E-Coli MPN/100ml 70 50 100 200
20 Coliform MPN/100ml 3.600 4.300 7.500 10.000
Ghi ch: QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt
K hiu cc mu nc ao
NM1: Nc ao nh anh Nguyn Hu ng (N: 21
0
1652.4 ; E: 105
0
5442.2)
NM2: Nc ao nh ng Bi Vn Hot (N: 21
0
1835.4 ; E:105
0
5312.4)
T kt qu phn tch c th thy hin trng ngun nc mt ti cc ao nc mt
trong khu d n ni chung ang b nhim, th hin c th qua mt s ch tiu nh DO,
COD, BOD
5
, hm lng nitrit, nitrat, amoni vt QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT Qui chun k
thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt.
2.1.8 Cht lng mi trng nc ngm
Ni
61
Nhm thc hin tin hnh ly mu nc ging khoan ca mt s h dn nm trong
khu t qui hoch d n, kt qu cho trn bng 2.11 di y.
Bng 2.11: Cht lng nc ging khoan khu vc ln cn d n
TT Thng s n v
Kt qu TC
1329/20
02 BYT-
Q
QCVN : 09
2008 /
BTNMT
NN1 NN2 NN3
1 pH - 6,6 6,5 6,8
6,5
8,5
5,5 8,5
2 mu Pt-Co 10 8 12 15 -
3 TDS mg/l 178 192 204 1000 1500
4 cng mg/l 92 94 90 300 500
5 NH
4
+
mg/l 2,597 2,346 2,169 1,5 0,1
6 NO
3
-
mg/l 12,621 11,817 14,124 50 15
7 NO
2
-
mg/l 1,682 1,524 1,288 3,0 1,0
8 Fe mg/l 3,495 2,977 2,759 0,5 5
9 Mn mg/l 1,741 1,607 1,572 0,5 0,5
10 Zn mg/l 1,187 1,182 1,176 3,0 3,0
11 E- coli
MPN/100
ml
0 0 0 - K pht hin
12 Coliform
MPN/100
ml
0 0 0 0 3
Ghi ch: QCVN 09: 2008: Qui chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc ngm
TC 1329/2002/ BYT-Q: Tiu chun B Y t v cht lng nc ung v sinh hot
K hiu cc mu nc ngm:
NN1: Nc ging nh anh Dng c Hun (i 10 thn V Linh)
NN2: Nc ging nh anh Nguyn Hu ng (N: 21
0
1652.4 ; E: 105
0
5442.2)
NN3: Nc ging nh ng Bi Vn Hot (N: 21
0
1835.4 ; E:105
0
5312.4)
Thc t khu dn c trong phm vi d n thuc thn V Linh u t khoan nc
ging khong su 30-35m lm nc sinh hot hng ngy. Mt s h sau khi x l s b
nc t ging khoan ln qua b lc ct (ct vng+ cui si), trc khi s dng cn cho lc
qua cc bnh lc ca Hn Quc, un ln trc khi dng, cn li c mt s h trong khu vc
iu tra, bm nc trc tip vo b cha ln (khong 5-8 m
3
) sau a vo s dng trc
tip, khi c b nc ma dng n ring. Cht lng ca ngun nc trc tip bm t
ging khoan ang b nhim mt s ch tiu kim loi: Fe, Mn, mt s ch tiu v c: NH
4
+
,
NO
2
-
2.1.9 Cht lng mi trng t

Ni
62
Nh phn tch trn, t v nc di t c lin quan cht ch vi nhau c bit
l cc yu t a vt l. Khu vc d n nm trong vng t nng nghip, i g
Kt qu kho st cht lng t mt khu vc D n cho trn bng 2.12
Bng 2.12: Kt qu phn tch mt s mu t khu vc d n v ln cn
Ngy phn tch: 24- 30 thng 11 nm 2009
c im mu t: Lp t mt (0-20cm), kh
TT Ch tiu
n v
tnh
QCVN
03:2008
Kt qu
1 2 3 4
1 pH
H2O
- 6,85 6,65 6,75 6,85
2 m % - 12,6 14,5 9,14 6,52
3 Arsen (As) mg/kg 12 0,235 0,287 0,304 0,144
4 Cadmi (Cd) mg/kg 5 0,334 0,366 0,416 0,473
5 ng (Cu) mg/kg 100 1,289 1,304 2,117 2,367
6 Ch (Pb) mg/kg 300 0,063 0,055 0,052 0,045
7 Km (Zn) mg/kg 300 4,742 4,117 3,557 3,324
8 Cypermethrin mg/kg 0,1(*) 0,0283 0,0178 0,0146 0,0135
9 Dimethoate mg/kg 0,05 (*) 0,0132 0,0145 0,0127 0,0115
10 Shimazine mg/kg 0,1(*) 0,0157 0,0182 0,0153 0,0162
11 2,4-D mg/kg 0,1(*) 0,0168 0,0189 0,0537 0,0624
12 DDT mg/kg 0,01(*) 0,0092 0,0084 0,0072 0,0058
13
Tng hot
phng x
Bq/l - 0,08 0,06 0,12 0,14
14
Tng hot
phng x
Bq/l - 0,35 0,38 0,48 0,53
Ghi ch: Khng qui nh
QCVN 03-2008/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut quc gia v gii hn ti a cho php hm
lng tng s As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn trong t, ct t s dng cho mc ch thng mi
(*) QCVN 15: 2008/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut quc gia v d lng ho cht
BVTV trong t
K hiu cc mu t ly v phn tch:
1: t ven ng t, dc ng gip Hc vin Pht gio, pha Bc d n
2: t ven h ng n
3: t i ven ng, gip n v qun i
4: t i ven ng vo i 10 thn V Linh
Nh vy, qua kho st, o c v s liu phn tch thc t cho thy cht lng mi
trng khng kh, nc v t khu vc trin khai d n Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th
Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni ca Ch u t Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui
chi gii tr th thao H Ni v vng ln cn nhn chung m bo tiu chun cho php.
Ni
63
Cc yu t vi kh hu, cc ch tiu kh c nh SO
2
, NO
2
, CO, H
2
S, hi hu
c..., bi TSP v ting n ti cc v tr o kim trong khu vc u nm
trong gi tr gii hn qui chun QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT v QCVN
06:2009/BTNMT v mt s cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh.
Cht lng ngun nc ngm ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, TP H Ni
phc v sinh hot ca cc h dn nm trong d n ni chung t tiu chun
TC 1329/2002/ BYT-Q. Trong qu trnh trin khai xy dng d n, ch u
t tin hnh khoan ging v c k hoch x l trit nhm loi bt cc cht
nhim phc v cng nhn trn cng trng.
Ngun nc mt xung quanh d n ang c du hiu nhim nh, th hin
mt s ch tiu nh SS, BOD
5
, COD, NO
3
-
, NO
2
-
, NH
4
+
vt QCVN 08:
2008/BTNMT Qui chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt
Cht t d n c cc thng s in hnh ca loi t ng bng, cc ch tiu
v kim loi nng trong t khng cao, hm lng mt s kim loi nng t
qui chun QCVN QCVN 03: 2008/BTNMT - Qui chun k thut quc gia v
gii hn ti a cho php hm lng tng s As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn trong t,
ct t s dng cho mc ch thng mi. Mt s ch tiu phn tch v d
lng thuc bo v thc vt trong cc mu t cho thy d lng cc cht
dit c, tr su t qui chun QCVN 15: 2008/BTNMT - Qui chun k thut
quc gia v d lng ho cht bo v thc vt trong t.
2.2 tnh hnh PHT TRIN KT-XH KHU VC D N
2.2.1 Lch s hnh thnh
Huyn Sc Sn l mt huyn nm pha Bc ca thnh ph H Ni.
Huyn Sc Sn c thnh lp trn c s sp nhp hai huyn a Phc v Kim Anh
thuc tnh Vnh Ph (nay tch thnh hai tnh Vnh Phc v Ph Th) cng vi th trn
Xun Ha thuc tnh theo Quyt nh s 178/Q ngy 5 thng 7 nm 1977 ca Hi ng
Chnh ph Vit Nam. Khi y huyn Sc Sn vn thuc tnh Vnh Ph.
Ngy 29/12/1978 huyn Sc Sn c chuyn v H Ni.
Huyn Sc Sn gip huyn Ph Yn thuc tnh Thi Nguyn v pha Bc, gip
huyn Yn Phong thuc tnh Bc Ninh v pha ng Bc, v pha Ty Bc v pha Nam,
gip cc huyn M Linh v ng Anh ca H Ni.
Huyn Sc Sn c th trn Sc Sn v 25 n v hnh chnh cp x gm:
Thanh Xun Ph L Vit Long Tn Dn
Minh Ph Nam Sn c Ho Minh Tr
Quang Tin Hng K Kim L Hin Ninh
Ph Minh Tn Hng Tn Minh Ph Cng
Mai nh Bc Sn Bc Ph Xun Thu
ng Xun Trung Gi Xun Giang Ph Linh
Tin Dc
Din tch 306,5 km
2
. Dn s 354.650 (nm 2008). a hnh ng bng nhiu t bc
mu, xen i thoi. Sng Cu, C L chy qua. C nhiu h. Trng thuc l, u tng,
Ni
64
khoai ty, la, rng sinh thi. Giao thng: quc l 2, 3, tnh l 402, 131; ng st H Ni -
Thi Nguyn chy qua; sn bay quc t Ni Bi. Khu di tch vn ho n Sc Sn.
Theo nh hng quy hoch t nm 2008 - 2015, din tch ca 11 x, th trn vi
khong 40% dn s huyn Sc Sn s tr thnh khu lin hp du lch khng l.
Theo thng k, tng s din tch t i g ca Sc Sn hin l 5.818 ha, trong
4.557 ha s dng vo mc ch lm nghip vi tng tr lng rng l 224.468,1m
3
, din tch
rng trng ln trong khu dn c khong 974,2 ha. Tng dn s nm trong khu vc i, g
quy hoch l 111.436 ngi (chim 31,4% dn s ton huyn), mt trung bnh 588
ngi/km
2
, vi tng lao ng l 90.175 ngi.
Theo quy hoch, khu vc x Ph Linh s xy dng khu du lch vn ho n Sc vi
din tch 274,8 ha. Ti ba x Minh Ph, Hin Ninh, Nam Sn s xy dng thnh Lng sinh
thi, du lch ngh ngi cui tun Minh Ph vi tng din tch quy hoch l 389,7 ha. Ti x
Nam Sn s quy hoch thnh Khu du lch h Hoa Sn, h Hm Ln vi din tch 11,6 ha.
X Minh Tr l Khu vui chi gii tr cui tun v du lch sinh thi h ng vi din tch
191,0 ha.
Cng nm trn khu vc t i g c giao quy hoch cn c D n xy dng
h cha nc ng , D n xy dng Hc vin Pht gio Vit Nam v khu lin hp x l
cht thi rn Nam Sn; Trung tm cu h ng vt hoang d c xy dng ti x Tin
Dc.
2.2.2 Hin trng dn c x Ph Linh
- Ton x Ph Linh hin c 05 thn vi tng dn s khong 8.600 ngi. Dn c
ca x Ph Linh hin nay ch yu l dn nng nghip (cc khu dn c lng xm ny u
nm ngoi phm vi lp quy hoch chi tit).
- Hin trng lao ng ngnh ngh trong khu vc: X Ph Linh hin nay hu ht l
lao ng nng nghip, ngoi ra c mt s h dn lm kinh doanh thng nghip - dch v c
th. Tng s lao ng ngnh ngh phi nng nghip ton x hin nay mi ch c khong trn
200 lao ng.
- Trong phm vi khu t lp quy hoch chi tit t l 1/500 Khu I hin nay hu nh
khng c dn c sinh sng. Trong khu vc ven chn ni n hin c mt s trang tri ca
cc h dn trng rng; pha ng Bc h ng n, gip vi thn V Linh c mt s h
dn nm trong phm vi t nghin cu d n vi khong 10 h dn nng nghip thuc i
10 thn V Linh.
2.2.3 Tnh hnh pht trin kinh t x hi
Mc d iu kin a l khng thun li, c s h tng va thiu va lc hu, c
bit, dch cm gia cm, l mm long mng tc ng khng nh ti hiu qu sn xut,
nhng trong nhng nm qua, nht l t khi thc hin Chng trnh 12/CTr-TU ca Thnh
u (kho XIII), huyn Sc Sn chuyn bin r rt trn lnh vc nng nghip, gp phn
quan trng trong pht trin kinh t-x hi.
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Vi din tch t nng-lm nghip chim trn 70% tng din tch ton huyn;
78,72% s h v 91,16% lc lng lao ng lm ngh nng-lm nghip, Sc Sn lun coi
y l ngun lc v tim nng to ln nn 5 nm qua (2005 - 2009), huyn u t 752 t,
234 triu ng, trong vn ca thnh ph l 499 t 624 triu ng, ca huyn 252 t 684
triu ng. Trong tng s vn trn c 55,5% cho pht trin sn xut nng nghip, tp trung
ch yu vo ng dng cc tin b khoa hc k thut, chuyn i c cu cy trng, vt nui,
xy dng cc cng trnh thu li, in, ng... phc v cho sn xut nng nghip. Do c
nhng bin php tch cc trong qu trnh thc hin ch trng pht trin kinh t theo hng
nng-lm-nghip sinh thi v dch v, n nay, Sc Sn chuyn i c hng nghn hc
ta la, hoa mu mt v khng chc n, hiu qu kinh t thp sang trng cc loi cy c gi
tr kinh t cao. Nh vy, sn xut nng nghip hng nm ca huyn vn gi c mc tng
trng n nh. Tng gi tr sn xut nng nghip nm 2008 c tnh tng 115,36% so vi
nm 2005, tc tng trng bnh qun hng nm t 2,9%; gi tr sn xut trn 1 ha canh
tc t: 36,5 triu ng, tng 60,8% so vi nm 2005.
Trong pht trin chn nui, Sc Sn c bit ch trng pht trin theo hng cng
nghip v tp trung nh chng trnh sinh ho n b, pht trin b sa, n gia cm, nc
ho n ln... bc u c kt qu tt. So vi nm 2005, hin nay tng n b ca ton
huyn tng 34,7%, vt ch tiu 25%, trong n b sa c 300 con; tng n ln tng
39% (vt ch tiu 33%) n gia cm tng 22,5% (vt ch tiu 10%). T l sinh ho n b
t 60%, nc ho n ln trn 50%, vt ch tiu ra. Hin trn a bn huyn Sc Sn c
111 trang tri, thu nhp bnh qun hng nm t 38-40 triu ng/trang tri, trong trang
tri kinh doanh tng hp chim 46%; trang tri chn nui chim 54%. Kt qu trn gp
phn to ra gi tr hng ho ln, gii quyt cng n vic lm cho hng nghn lao ng, gp
phn thc y mt cch tch cc trong qu trnh chuyn dch c cu kinh t nng nghip trn
a bn ton huyn. Din tch nui trng thu sn ca Sc Sn hin c 360 ha, tng 20%,
sn lng thu hoch t 540 tn/nm, tng 26% so vi nm 2005. n nay, Sc Sn trin
khai xy dng c nhiu m hnh nui trng thu sn c nng sut, sn phm cht lng,
hiu qu kinh t cao, ng thi cc a phng trong huyn cn tch cc tn dng v khai
thc c hiu qu cc din tch mt nc ao h hin c.
Kinh t nng-lm nghip ca Sc Sn 5 nm qua lun gi vai tr ch o trong pht
trin kinh t chung, a mc tng trng ca huyn hng nm t 10,43%; tng bc nng
cao i sng ca nhn dn gp phn tch cc lm gim t l h ngho ca ton huyn t
18,8% (nm 2005), xung cn 0,6% (nm 2008) theo tiu ch c. thc hin tt Ngh
quyt 16 ca Thnh u v Ngh quyt i hi ng b huyn ln th IX, t nay n nm
2010, Sc Sn tip tc phn u a tc tng trng ca ngnh nng-lm nghip 3 -
3,5%, gp phn vo tng trng kinh t chung ca ton huyn t 10- 12%/nm
Rng Sc Sn rt c ngha vi H Ni, c bit l mi trng sinh thi, cn c
qun l, s dng hp l rng pht huy hiu qu. Cn c hin trng, H Ni xut
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thng nht quy hoch rng Sc Sn thnh rng phng h, vi mc tiu bo v mi trng
sinh thi, gn vi khai thc li th du lch - ngh dng, nng cao hiu qu kinh t ca rng.
Theo s liu ca thnh ph, rng Sc Sn cn hn 4.500 ha, din tch rng H Ni
c gii hn khong 5.100 ha, vi 3.600ha rng phng h, 1.512 ha rng sn xut.
Thng 9-2008, B Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn c ch o v qun l vic
chuyn i mc ch s dng rng, yu cu nh ch ngay nhng trng hp chuyn mc
ch s dng t lm nghip sang mc ch khc.
Tuy nhin, B ng vi tho thun ca thnh ph, c th quy hoch rng Sc
Sn thnh rng phng h bo v mi trng. Nhng din tch t lm nghip trng cy
n qu, ch, khng c cy rng xem xt chuyn mc ch s dng thnh t sn xut nng
nghip, nu khng cn kh nng chuyn li thnh t lm nghip.
Hin trong rng Sc Sn c hn 3.000 h dn sinh sng v trng hng ngn ha
rng trong 20 nm qua.
Trong nhng nm gn y, kinh t ca huyn lin tc tng trng mc cao hn so
vi nhng nm trc . C cu kinh t ca huyn tip tc chuyn dch theo hng cng
nghip 44,5%, dch v 34,4%, nng nghip 21,1%. Thu ht u t trn a bn tng nhanh,
nm 2003 c 141 doanh nghip th n nay tng ln hn 327 doanh nghip, gm 34
doanh nghip lin doanh v doanh nghip 100% vn u t nc ngoi.
n nay, huyn Sc Sn hon thnh 9 d n, trong hon thnh 2 d n quy
hoch l D n qui hoch giao thng nng thn v thu li; 7 d n u t xy dng cng
trnh, gm Trng THPT Xun Giang ( bn giao, a vo s dng). Trng THPT Minh
Ph ( bn giao, a vo s dng). Trung tm gio dc thng xuyn;ng ni QL3 -
ng 131(khu CNNB) xong 03 gi thu v phn pht sinh. ng QL3- Bc Ph - Tn
Hng. ng QL2 - Minh Tr - Xun Ho (trong d n nng cp cc tuyn ng thuc
huyn qun l). u gi quyn s dng t: Khu th mi Th trn, Ph Linh: Tin hnh
u 2 phin v giao t 5 phin vi tng din tch t u 38.244 m2 thu 178,2 t ng
(trong 3 thng u nm 2008 thu 65 t ng).
Ngoi nhng d n hon thnh theo k hoch 61, huyn Sc Sn cng ang tip
tc trin khai hng lot d n c lin quan n qui hoch. C th: D n Qui hoch chi tit
trung tm x Ph Linh: ang chnh sa theo yu cu S Qui hoch kin trc, qu II/2008
trnh thm nh. iu chnh Quy hoch chi tit Th trn: lp xong qui hoch ang xin
kin cc ngnh. Cc d n qui hach chi tit trung tm x: Ph L, Minh Tr ang trin khai
lp qui hoch
ng thi, huyn tip tc u t h tng Cm cng nghip va v nh Mai nh
(nm trong Quyt nh 233/2006/Q-UBND). Quy hoch cm cng nghip va v nh Mai
nh: c quyt nh ph duyt QH chi tit 1/2000; qui hoch chi tit 1/500 (ngy
25/9/2006); ph duyt d n, v bn giao cho tng cng ty u t pht trin nh H Ni
l ch u t theo quy nh ca UBND Thnh ph. Phn ng giao thng trc chnh ng
Ty (UBND huyn lm ch u t): ang iu chnh d n. Ci to, nng cp Trung tm dy
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ngh huyn. Khu bo tn thuc khu vc IV khu du lch vn ho n Sc c UBND
Thnh ph giao nm 2007, n nay lp xong qui hoch 1/500, ang xin kin cc ngnh;
trin khai lp d n.
Song, thc t cho thy tng trng kinh t v chuyn dch c cu kinh t trn a bn
huyn Sc Sn vn cha u, cha mnh cc vng, ngnh, lnh vc. Tc pht trin ca
cc ngnh cha tng xng vi tim nng ca huyn. Mt s d n theo K hoch 61 nh
quy hoch chi tit, quy hoch ngnh, cc d n cm cng nghip... cn chm, cha bo m
tin ra... Trong thi gian ti gnh nng cng vic cn nhiu Sc Sn thc s pht
trin.
2.2.4 nh gi chung
a)Thun li:
- Khu du lch vn ho ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc nm trong Quy hoch
chung huyn Sc Sn v Quy hoch chi tit Khu du lch vn ho ngh ngi cui tun khu
vc n Sc, t l 1/500 c thnh ph ph duyt. Mt s tuyn ng trong khu vc
c xy dng theo quy hoch chi tit t l 1/500 v u t xy dng d n rt thun li.
- Khu vc nghin cu d n c cnh quan thin nhin p, hp dn, thun li cho
vic pht trin thnh mt khu du lch sinh thi cho th .
- a cht khu vc c nh gi l thun li cho xy dng cng trnh.
- Khu vc n Sc l ni thu ht rt nhiu khch du lch trong nc cng nh nc
ngoi, nn n QHCT khu du lch s lm cho cc gii php t chc khng gian ca khu
vc n Sc ni ring v ca huyn Sc Sn ni chung tr nn phong ph v sinh ng
hn.
- Trong thi gian trc mt, cc d n xung quanh khu vc s c trin khai, vic
xy dng khu du lch vn ha ngh ngi cui tun hin i, ng b theo quy hoch cng s
c nhiu thun li.
- Ngoi ra, d n cn rt c s quan tm, ng h ca cc cp chnh quyn t
Thnh ph n a phng do vic u t xy dng d n khu du lch sinh thi trn a bn
huyn s gp phn pht trin kinh t x hi khu vc, ng thi l c s thu ht lao ng
to vic lm, gp phn ci thin i sng ngi dn a phng.
ng V Hng Khanh, Ph Ch tch UBND, TP H Ni c 4 d n s c u tin
thc hin t nm 2008 n 2015. D n u t xy dng ny phc v du lch, ngh ngi cui
tun cng nm trong hng mc cc d n u tin u t trc.
Lin quan n i sng ca cc h dn vng i, g huyn Sc Sn sau quy hoch,
ng V Hng Khanh khng nh: Quan im, nh hng ca lnh o thnh ph l pht
trin rng Sc Sn kt hp vi pht trin bn vng gia cc ngnh kinh t x hi. Pht trin
rng Sc Sn trn c s ci thin i sng ca ngi dn, y mnh x hi ho ngh rng,
huy ng cc ngun lc pht trin. ng thi, vic quy hoch, pht trin rng phi m
bo tnh ng b gia u t cng tc qun l, bo v v pht trin rng bn vng vi u
t xy dng cc khu du lch, ngh ngi cui tun.
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b) Kh khn:
- Trong khu vc nghin cu c mt s h dn nng nghip ti khu vc lng xm v
dn lm nghip ti cc trang tri nm trong phm vi t d n, trin khai d n theo quy
hoch phi di chuyn, nn s gp mt s kh khn.
- Vic chuyn dch mt din tch ln t nng nghip sang t pht trin th,
ngi dn mt t liu sn xut nn cn c nhng bin php thay th chuyn i ngnh ngh,
chnh sch, ch ph hp, m bo n nh i sng cho nhn dn.
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Chng 3
nh gi cc tc ng mi trng
3.1 Ngun gy tc ng
nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v
cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh,
huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni ca Ch u t Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi
gii tr th thao H Ni n mi trng t nhin v cc yu t KT-XH c d bo, tnh
ton v xem xt theo 4 giai on:
Giai on 1: nh gi s ph hp v phng n la chn v tr v quy hoch tng th
d n .
Giai on 2: nh gi, nhn xt cc phng n n b, GPMB v cc tc ng do vic
chuyn i mc ch s dng t.
Giai on 3: Tnh ton ti lng nhim, d bo cc tc ng trong qu trnh san nn,
thi cng xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh h tng k thut v kin trc.
Giai on 4 : Giai on a d n vo khai thc, hot ng kinh doanh.
3.2 nh gi s ph hp v v tr v qui hoch tng th d n
3.2.1 Cc mt thun li
- V tr xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn
dch v cng cng, cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph
H Ni ca Ch u t Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni ph
hp vi Cng vn s 708/CP CN ngy 28/05/2003 ca Th tng chnh ph v vic
thng qua Bo co nghin cu tin kh thi d n u t xy dng Khu du lch sinh thi
vn ho Sc Sn.
- Khu vc xy dng d n c v tr tng i thun li xt trn tng th huyn Sc
Sn v thnh ph H Ni, c im ca a hnh i ni, t ai ch yu l si cn ci rt
kh c iu kin pht trin kinh t nng nghip nh trng trt, chn nuiv vy, vic pht
trin kinh t a phng theo hng dch v du lch l ph hp vi iu kin ca huyn Sc
Sn.
- Hin trng khu vc d n ch yu l t i g, si , h ao t nhin... v vy, kh
nng n b v GPMB l tng i thun li hn so vi t .
- V tr quy hoch xy dng nm trong quy hoch tng th nh hng pht trin
Khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H
Ni, thun tin u ni h thng h tng k thut nh: cung cp nc sch nm trong bn
knh cung cp dch v ca Cng ty Kinh doanh nc sch s 2, cung cp in cho cc ph
ti trong khu vc thit k c ly ngun t tuyn in 35KV hin c i dc ng Ging
pha Bc khu t, vin thng, h thng thot nc chung u t Trm x l nc thi cc b
c cng sut 600 m
3
/ng.m, b tr ti khu t xy dng cng trnh h tng k thut pha
Nam khu quy hoch,...
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- Trin khai d n ph hp vi Lut Du lch s 44/2005/QH11 c Quc hi thng
qua ngy 14 thng 6 nm 2005, c hiu lc ngy 01/01/2006, Quyt nh s 121/2006/Q-
TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ngy 29/5/2006 v vic ph duyt Chng trnh Hnh ng
Quc gia v Du lch giai on 2006-2010, Quyt nh s 91/2008/BVHTTDL ca B trng
B VHTT&DL ph duyt Quy hoch tng th pht trin du lch vng Trung du min ni
Bc B n nm 2020, Chng trnh Hnh ng ca ngnh Du lch thc hin chng trnh
hnh ng ca Chnh ph sau khi Vit Nam gia nhp T chc Thng mi Th gii (WTO)
giai on 2007 - 2012.
- Kt qu iu tra rng Sc Sn nm 2005: Tng din tch t i g l 5.817 ha,
trong t lm nghip hn 4.500 ha (rng: 4.360ha, vn m: 5,5ha, 191 ha khng c
rng). Ngoi ra l mt s d n chim (163ha), khu vc qun i, khu dn c (947ha). Lnh
o Thnh ph H Ni v B NN&PTNT thng nht ch trng quy hoch rng Sc Sn
thnh rng phng h gn vi pht huy li th du lch-sinh thi.
Khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, H ni l a im c nhiu tim nng cho pht trin
du lch v thun li cho vic trin khai d n
- L mt trong nm huyn ngoi thnh ca Th H Ni, v nm khng qu xa trung
tm thnh ph, Sc Sn c u th v v tr a l so vi nhiu im du lch khc. Bn
cnh , h thng ng giao thng ht sc hin i v thun tin cho vic vn chuyn
khch du lch.
- Cnh quan Sc Sn rt p do c s kt hp hi ho gia ni, rng cy v h nc t
nhin. Bn cnh , Sc sn cn c nhiu di tch lch s vn ho gn lin vi lch s
hnh thnh v pht trin ca dn tc. V vy, Sc Sn tr thnh mt khu du lch vn
ho v ngh ngi cui tun c nhiu ngi a thch v tr thnh mt mt xch quan
trng trong cc tuyn, im du lch vn ho H Ni v ng bng chu th Sng Hng.
- Kh hu Sc Sn khng qu nng, nhit trung bnh hng nm khong 24
o
C, c
m trung bnh 82% -84%, mi trng sinh thi y rt tt v ph hp cho cc hot
ng du lch, vui chi gii tr v ngh dng.
- Khu vc ny c coi l mt trong nhng l phi xanh ca th H ni, chnh v vy,
d n ny s gp phn ci to cnh quan mi trng cnh quan, mi trng vn ho, gp
phn gi gn v pht trin h sinh thi bn a. Dn c sng trong khu vc tng i
ng. Chnh v vy, khi d n ny c trin khai, ngun nhn lc ti ch vi nhiu u
th s l ngun lao ng quan trng v n nh phc v cho d n trc mt cng nh
lu di.
- Cc chnh sch, ch trng ca UBND thnh ph cng nh ca huyn Sc Sn i
vi u t trong xu th pht trin th hin nay, vic xy dng cc khu th mi, c bit
l cc khu vc ngoi vi trung tm thnh ph ang l mt xu hng ch o nhm p ng
nhu cu v nh cho nhn dn. Trong , nhu cu v nh ca tng lp dn c c thu nhp
cao l rt ln. Qua nghin cu, kho st nhu cu th trng cho thy, mc sng ca ngi
dn Vit nam ni chung v ca ngi dn H ni ni ring ngy cng n nh v tng cao.
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Nhu cu c sng trong nhng ngi nh p, gia khung cnh thin nhin, xa trung tm
thnh ph, gn khu du lch sinh thi l rt ln v hon ton c th thc hin c. Hn th
na, Sc Sn, vn cha c mt d n pht trin th cao cp no p ng nhu cu .
V vy, vic Cng ty TNHH u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni trin khai d n
xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng
cng, cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni bao
gm mt h thng cc bit th nh vn cao cp trong s lin kt cht ch vi khu du lch
sinh thi n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni l ht sc cn thit v ph hp vi xu
th pht trin th ngy nay.
3.2.2 nh gi phng n quy hoch tng th
Hin nay, Cng ty TNHH u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni trin khai
d n theo Quyt nh s 5154/Q-UBND ca UBND thnh ph H Ni ngy 05/10/2009
v vic Ph duyt Quy hoch chi tit xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v
cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th h ng n) thuc khu du lch vn
ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc huyn Sc Sn H Ni, t l 1/500]. Trn c
s quy hoch mt bng tng th c ph duyt, cc nhn xt - nh gi v phng n
quy hoch tng th nh sau:
a) Hin trng cc khu du lch vn ha ngh ngi cui tun ti H Ni
Hin nay, H Ni c rt nhiu khu di tch thu ht s quan tm ca du khch tham
quan nh: h Hon Kim, khu Vn Miu Quc T Gim, h Ty, Lng ch tch H Ch
Minh, khu di tch C Loa, n Ging, cng vin Th L, cng vin L Nin, cng vin nc
h TyTuy h thng cng vin trong thnh ph phn no p ng c nhu cu ngh
ngi th gin ca ngi dn Th sau nhng ngy lm vic mt nhc nhng n khng
sc p ng c nhu cu ngh ngi gii tr ngy cng tng trong nhng ngy ngh cui
tun ca ngi dn.
b) Hin trng cc Khu du lch ngh ngi cui tun ti cc khu vc k cn H Ni
Bao quanh H Ni l cc tnh: H Ty (c), Vnh Phc, Ha Bnh, Thi Nguyn, Bc
Ninhvi nhiu khu du lch ngh ngi cui tun ang rt c du khch quan tm nh:
ng M, Ao vua, sui Hai, sui M, Khoang Xanh, Sui Tin, vn quc gia Ba V, Tam
o, H i Li, sui Ngc Vua B, khu du lch H Ni Cc,
- Khu du lch ng M, Khoang Xanh Sui Tin - tnh H Ty (c)
Cch th H Ni 40 km, khu du lch ng M c din tch khong 1300 ha vi
nhiu o v bn o nm bn h cng sn gn, nhng ngi bit th hin i n mnh trong
cc ba rng ang tr thnh ni an dng l tng cho du khch.
Khu du lch Khoang Xanh Sui Tin l mt trong s t cc khu du lch c mi
trng sinh thi cn tng i nguyn vn nm cch H Ni khong 60 km ang thu ht du
khch vi nhng dng sui vt mnh trn cao, len li quan cc sn v nhng thc nc
tung bt trng xa t trn cao xung. Ni y rt thch hp cho cc bn tr a thch loi
hnh du lch thin nhin.
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- Khu du lch v Vn quc gia Ba V - Tnh H Ty (c)
Vn quc gia Ba V cch th H Ni khong 60 km nm trong tng th khu du
lch vi ao vua, Sui Hai. Vi tng din tch 7.677 ha phn b ri rc t cao 200m n
1300m so vi mt nc bin. Ti y, ang lu gi rt nhiu ng, thc vt qu him nh
chn bc, gu nha, cy vn, cc loi to lc cng nhiu di tch nh n th ch tch H
Ch Minh, n th Thn Tn Vin
- Khu du lch Tam o Tnh Vnh Phc.
Nm cch H Ni 86 km, khu ngh mt Tam o vi din tch 253 ha nm trn
cao 900m so vi mt nc bin. Vi kh hu n ha, mt quanh nm cng vi Vng quc
gia Tam o din tch 37000 ha l ni sinh sng ca nhiu h ng thc vt qu him ca
Vit Nam v th gii. Tam o ang l mt im tham quan mt khu ngh mt thu ht c
nhiu du khch Vit Nam v nc ngoi.
- Khu i Li tnh Vnh Phc
Cch H Ni 50 km, i Li l mt h nc nhn to rng 525 ha. Trn h c o
chim rng 3 ha rng t nhin, 300 ha rng mi trng cng vi h thc vt phong ph. i
Li c kh hu mt m vo ma h v m p vo ma ng.
- Khu du lch Sui Ngc Vua B - tnh H Ty (c)
y l mt qun th du lch sinh thi mi ra i vi din tch khong 300 ha. Nm
cch H Ni 40 km, khu du lch ny cn kh mi m vi ngi dn th .
Vi khong cch trung bnh hn 60 km, cc Khu du lch k cn H Ni ang thu ht
c rt nhiu s quan tm ca khch du lch. Tuy nhin cha c mt khu du lch no c
u t mt cch c quy m c v kt cu h tng v cc loi hnh vui chi gii tr.
H thng ng giao thng dn n mt s Khu du lch u trong tnh trng xung
cp, t c u t tu b, thng xuyn gy rt nhiu kh khn cho du khch tham quan.
Duy c khu du lch Tam o, vn quc gia Ba V, Khoang Xanh Sui Tin l c h thng
ng giao thng c u t kh hon chnh, thun li cho du khch trong vic i li, tham
quan.
Mc d cc Khu du lch ang thu ht c s quan tm ca du khch nhng hu ht
cc Khu du lch ch tn dng nhng g sn c ca t nhin a vo khai thc, s dng thu
ht khch tham quan m cha ch trng u t vo c s h tng, cc loi hnh vui chi
gii tr phc v du khch.
Nhn chung, quanh H Ni c rt nhiu khu du lch ang thu ht nhiu s quan tm
ca du khch nhng cha c khu du lch no c quy m ln vi kt cu h tng, cc loi
hnh vui chi gii tr u t mt cch hon chnh, c h thng nhm p ng c yu cu
ngy cng cao trong ngh ngi, gii tr ca ngi dn.
c) u t cho Du lch khai thc v pht huy ht tim nng
Sau nhiu nm thc hin chnh sch i mi, m ca v hi nhp ca ng v Nh
nc, nn kinh t Vit nam pht trin mnh m v t c nhng thnh tu ng khch
l, trong c du lch.
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Vi s phn u ca ton x hi, ngnh du lch Vit nam lun tng trng mc
cao. Trong thng 11 nm 2009, lng khch quc t n Vit Nam c t 387.871 lt.
Tnh chung 11 thng nm 2009, lng khch quc t c t 3.400.088 lt, gim 12,3% so
vi cng k nm 2008.
c tnh
thng
11/2009
11 thng
nm 2009
Thng 11 so
vi thng
trc
Thng 11/2009
so vi thng
11/2008
11 thng so
vi cng k
nm trc
Tng s 387.871 3.400.088 170,2 138,6 87,7
Chia theo phng tin n
ng khng 307.871 2.719.225 195,0 153,4 90,9
ng bin 4.000 61.435 133,3 25,5 42,9
ng b 76.000 619.428 113,4 119,7 83,4
Chia theo mc ch chuyn i
Du lch, ngh ngi 231.605 2.002.930 173,5 119,1 83,8
i cng vic 95.248 698.158 156,1 175,5 89,8
Thm thn nhn 34.546 469.887 181,9 192,0 101,8
Mc ch khc 26.472 229.113 184,5 200,3 91,9
Chia theo mt s th trng
Trung Quc 64.736 476.489 118,7 123,8 80,6
M 33.063 368.089 187,2 153,8 97,2
Hn Quc 29.917 327.384 198,0 122,8 78,6
Nht Bn 34.593 326.274 144,5 138,5 91,1
i Loan (TQ) 24.130 246.635 173,6 159,7 87,6
c 20.113 193.285 160,4 168,9 91,6
Php 19.612 159.401 240,3 117,4 96,3
Malaisia 15.633 146.206 177,7 126,7 94,8
Thi Lan 13.632 138.750 147,6 91,0 82,1
Canada 7.809 76.899 224,9 137,2 98,0
Th trng khc 124.633 940.676 205,9 155,8 87,6
[Ngun: Bo co ngnh du lch nm 2009 Tng cc Thng k]
Mc d khi nim du lch sinh thi vn thng c s dng tng t nh khi nim
du lch bn vng, song trn thc t, du lch sinh thi nm trong lnh vc ln hn c du lch
bn vng. V th k mi ang ti gn nn tt c cc hot ng ca con ngi cn phi tr
nn bn vng - v du lch khng phi l mt ngoi l. Du lch bn vng bao gm tt c cc
loi hnh ca du lch (d l loi hnh da trn cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin hay ti
nguyn do con ngi to ra). Do , du lch sinh thi cn c hiu l mt trong nhng
phm tr ca du lch bn vng, khuyn khch ngnh du lch i chng c ng x thn thin
vi mi trng, hay ni cch khc, ng v chnh ph khuyn khch ngnh du lch pht trin
bn vng hn.
Tuy t c mt s thnh tch ng trn trng, nhng ngnh du lch Vit Nam
vn cha pht trin xng vi tim nng ca n. Nguyn nhn ch yu l do h thng c s
h tng phc v pht trin du lch cn rt nhiu yu km so vi cc nc trong khu vc. Hn
th na, s im du lch c sc ht i vi du khch, c bit l i vi khch du lch quc
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74
t cn thiu v s lng, km v quy m, v yu v cht lng dch v. Chnh v vy, lng
khch du lch n cn cha cao so vi cc nc trong khu vc, thi gian lu tr ca khch
du lch khng di, v lng khch du lch quay tr li Vit nam ln th hai cng khng
nhiu. Chnh v vy, bn cnh vic khai thc tim nng ca cc im du lch hin c, vic
u t pht trin thm cc im du lch hp dn v c quy m ln l ht sc cn thit
Vit nam thc s tr thnh im n ca Thin nin k mi trong mt ca b bn bn
phng.
d) Cnh tranh v du lch gia cc nc trong khu vc ngy cng tr nn gay gt
Trong bi cnh tnh hnh chnh tr th gii ngy cng tr ln phc tp sau v khng b
ti M ngy 11/09/2001, thm vo l nh hng tiu cc mang tnh ton cu ca nn dch
SARS u nm 2003, hot ng du lch trn th gii b nh hng nghim trng. Nhiu
du khch do khng an tm vi s an ton cho bn thn hu b chng trnh du lch ca
mnh.
Trc tnh hnh , s cnh tranh v du lch gia cc nc trong khu vc ngy cng tr
nn gay gt. T nhng nc c du lch pht trin nh Thi Lan, Malaysia, Singapore n
nhng nc c ngnh du lich km pht trin du lch nh Myanmar, Lo, Campuchia u c
chin lc u tin pht trin du lch. So vi cc nc trong khu vc, du lch Vit nam cn c
nhiu yu km nh: cha c nhiu khu du lch tm c quc gia v quc t, cha c nhiu sn
phm du lch cht lng cao, hp dn, cht lng dch v cha cao, c s vt cht k thut
cha ng b, i ng cn b qun l cn thiu v yu v nghip v, mt s chnh sch cha
thc s thun li cho khch du lch.
Trc bi cnh v trc nhu cu pht trin tr thnh mt ngnh kinh t mi nhn, Du
lch Vit nam cn c mt chin lc pht trin ng n, mt chng trnh hnh ng mnh
m, ng b trong phm vi c nc, vi s tham gia ca cc cp, cc ngnh, cc a phng
v s hng ng ca ton x hi. Nhn thc c vn , Cng ty CP u t dch v vui
chi gii tr th thao H Ni sau khi nghin cu kho st th trng, quyt nh trin khai
d n u t xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr - Khu bit th bn v cho thu ti khu vc
n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni nhm tng bc nng cao cht lng v s
lng c s h tng, ng thi to thm th v lc mi phc v cho pht trin du lch ca
th .
Du lch H ni c bc pht trin mnh m trong thi gian qua nhng sn phm du lch
vn cn cha a dng, ch yu l cc sn phm du lch vn ho.
Cng vi s pht trin chung ca ngnh du lch Vit nam, du lch H ni cng t c
nhng bc tin vng chc trn chng ng pht trin ca mnh v tr thnh mt trong
nhng im n hng u ca Chu .
Vi v tr a l thun li v l trung tm Chnh tr, Kinh t, Vn ho, Thng mi v Du
lch ca Vit nam, H Ni lun c sc ht ln vi du khch bn phng. iu ny th hin
lng khch du lch n vi H ni ngy cng tng. c bit l, nm 2002, lng khch
vo H Ni tng t bin, cng sut phng khch sn t n 70% - 80%. Nu nh 06 thng
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75
u nm 2002, lng khch quc t n H Ni mi t con s 300.000 lt ngi th cui
nm t con s k lc 900.000 lt ngi. Doanh thu x hi c tnh t 4.150 t ng.
Doanh thu t khch sn, nh hng t 1.900 t ng, tng 15%, np ngn sch Nh nc
ring ca cc doanh nghip du lch l 270 t ng, tng 18% so vi nm 2001. V t ch ch
chim 22% lng khch quc t n Vit nam nm 1999, n nay H Ni chim 32% th
phn. Trong , lng khch du lch c kh nng chi tr cao chim t 60% n 80%.
Kt qu trn tht ng t ho. Tuy nhin chng ta cng thy rng du lch H ni vn
cha thc s pht huy ht kh nng ca mnh mc d c rt nhiu u th ni bt nh: l v
tr u ngun, ni pht ngun lng khch du lch quc t min Bc, c nhiu sn phm
du lch vn ho, phong tc tp qun c trng ca vng ng bng Bc b, vi khong 515
di tch lch s - vn ho c xp hng, trong c nhiu di tch lch s vn ho c xa
nh khu ph c, Vn miu Quc t gim, cha Mt ct, cha Trn Quc. Nguyn nhn
ch yu l do nhiu im du lch ca H Ni cha c u t ng mc, hoc ch c
u t mt cch nh git, dn tri v phn ln vn ang cn dng tim nng, cha c
u t, khai thc phc v cho pht trin du lch, v d nh: khu du lch n Sc - Sc Sn -
H Ni.
Hn th na, du lch H ni t trc n nay vn ch c tip cn v khai thc ch yu
vi cc sn phm du lch vn ho. Nu tnh trng ny ko di s gy nh hng khng tt
n s pht trin bn vng ca du lch H ni. Bi l, du khch lun c nhu cu thng thc
sn phm du lch mi v hp dn i vi h. Chnh v vy, sn phm du lch n iu, km
a dng, thiu hp dn s lm gim sc thu ht i vi khng ch khch du lch trong nc
m c khch du lch quc t.
Trc thc trng ca du lch H Ni, vic u t khai thc cc im du lch, xy
dng c s h tng phc v cho pht trin du lch v a dng ho cc sn phm du lch l ht
sc cn thit cho s pht trin bn vng ca du lch H Ni.
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76
e) Nhu cu lu tr ca khch du lch v nhu cu nh cao cp ngy cng gia tng
Trong qu trnh pht trin ca mnh, Du lch H ni pht trin c mt h thng
cc khch sn v c s lu tr khc phc v cho nhu cu ngh ngi ca khch du lch. Tuy
nhin, h thng c s lu tr t cn thiu a dng v cha p ng c nhu cu ca du
khch trong v ngoi nc. Bn cnh , s phn b cc khch sn cha u, ch yu tp
trung khu vc trung tm thnh ph H Ni. Nh vy, v lu di, iu ny s dn ti s mt
cn i trong vic pht trin h thng c s lu tr phc v cho s pht trin ca du lch th
. Hn th na, theo quy hoch, qu t khu vc trung tm thnh ph dng vo mc ch
xy dng cc c s du lch s ngy cng hn hp. V vy, s ra i ca h thng bit th cao
cp phc v nhu cu lu tr ca khch du lch v khch n chi Gn nm bn cnh qun
th sn Gn 18 h ti khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni s gp phn p
ng nhu cu ngh ngi a dng ca khch du lch, ng thi gp phn thc hin chnh sch
ca thnh ph trong vic iu tit cc s lu tr pht trin theo quy hoch.
3.3 NH GI PHNG N N B, GPMB V CC TC NG DO VIC CHUYN I
MC CH S DNG T
3.3.1 Phng n n b v GPMB
Qua kho st thc t ca Cng ty CP u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni
cho thy, trn phn t thuc din tch trin khai d n cha c u t xy dng v khng
c dn c sng tp trung. Cc cng trnh kin trc ch yu l nh cp 4 vi din tch xy
dng khng ln v nm ri rc trong khu vc d n.
Trong din tch t i rng, ngoi phn chn ni do lm nghip qun l, cn li l
t do a phng thc hin theo ch trng giao t, giao rng t 30 nm n 50 nm cho
dn nhm ph xanh t trng i trc... nhng hiu qu kinh t x hi khng cao. V vy,
din tch t phi gii to n b ch yu l t lm nghip v t nng nghip.
Quyt nh s 4596/Q-UBND ca UBND thnh ph ngy 16/11/2007 v vic giao
nhim v cho Trung tm pht trin qu t huyn Sc Sn gii phng mt bng d n khu I,
khu II Khu du lch sinh thi Sc Sn, s phi hp ca Cng ty ch u t ang tin hnh
lp phng n n b v GPMB cho d n tun th cc quy nh hin hnh ca Nh nc v
thnh ph H Ni ni chung theo:
- Quyt nh s 786/Q-UB ngy 17/09/2008 ca UBND thnh ph H Ni v vic
thu hi 1.542.834m
2
t ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn giao cho Trung tm pht trin qu
t huyn Sc Sn bi thng, h tr v ti nh c chun b d n theo quy hoch.
- Ngh nh 197/2004/N-CP ngy 03/12/2004 ca Chnh ph v vic bi thng,
h tr v ti nh c khi Nh nc thu hi t;
- Ngh nh 84/2007/N-CP ngy 25/5/2007 ca Chnh ph v Quy nh b sung v
vic cp giy chng nhn quyn s dng t, thu hi t, thc hin quyn s dng t, trnh
t, th tc bi thng, h tr v ti nh c khi Nh nc thu hi t v gii quyt khiu ni
v t ai.
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77
- Ngh nh s 69/2009/N-CP ngy 13/08/2009 quy nh b sung v quy hoch s
dng t, gi t, thu hi t, bi thng, h tr v ti nh c, c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy
01/10/2009 ;
- Quyt nh s 108/2009/Q-UBND ca UBND thnh ph ngy 29/09/2009 v vic
ban hnh quy nh v bi thng, h tr v ti nh c khi Nh nc thu hi t trn a
bn thnh ph H Ni.
- Cn c Quyt nh s 40/2008/Q-UBND ngy 22/10/2008 ca UBND thnh ph
H Ni v vic Ban hnh gi xy dng mi nh , nh tm, vt kin trc trn a bn thnh
ph H Ni;
- Cn c Quyt nh s 62/2008/Q-UBND ngy 31/12/2008 ca UBND thnh ph
H Ni v gi cc loi t trn a bn thnh ph H Ni;
Phng n thc hin
Cng ty CP u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni cng vi Trung tm pht
trin qu t huyn Sc Sn thnh lp Hi ng bi thng, h tr v ti nh c huyn Sc
Sn. Hi ng n b gii phng mt bng c trch nhim thc hin cc cng vic:
- Lp phng n n b gii to mt bng xy dng d n.
- o c din tch t thu hi v cm mc xc nh chnh xc din tch t phc v
cho cng tc n b gii phng mt bng xy dng d n.
- Lp danh sch i tng, din tch nm trong din gii to mt bng xy dng d n.
- Ban n b gii to mt bng xy dng d n tin hnh gp g, tuyn truyn, vn
ng, gii thch cho ngi dn hiu r ngha kinh t x hi thit thc ca d n,
hiu r tc ng tch cc ca d n i vi i sng ca h v ca cng ng.
- Ban n b gii to mt bng xy dng d n tin hnh hp vi cc h dn v lp h
s n b gii to i vi tng trng hp c th.
- Ban n b gii to mt bng xy dng d n tin hnh thng lng s tin n b
vi cc h dn c din tch t b gii to c tng s tin n b chnh xc cho
tng h v k giy tho thun vi ch h.
- Thanh ton tin n b cho tng h dn.
- Nhn bn giao din tch t c n b t pha h dn.
- Bn giao t trng cho nh thu khi cng xy dng.
3.3.2 Tc ng do vic chuyn i mc ch s dng t
GPMB, thu hi t nng nghip trong qu trnh xy dng v pht trin th - cng
nghip - dch v - giao thng,... lun c coi l cng vic rt phc tp do tc ng n
nhiu yu t KT-XH ca i sng cng ng ang hng li t cc din tch . T trc
n nay, c rt nhiu d n pht trin khng thc hin c hoc b chm tin do gp
phi kh khn trong cng tc n b v GPMB.
- i vi khu vc c dn c sinh sng th cng tc n b v GPMB thng i km
vi ti nh c, xy dng cc cng trnh mi thay th theo phng chm Ni mi phi
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78
tt hn ni c. GPMB thng gy thit hi ln i vi dn c b di di, khng nhng ch
l ph tn di chuyn m cn nh hng n ngh nghip, i sng lu di trc y cng
nh phong tc, tp qun v thi quen trong sinh hot. Tuy nhin, khu vc xy dng d n
Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm
bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni ca Ch u t
Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni hu nh khng c dn c
sinh sng, t thu hi ch yu l t lm nghip v t nng nghip, rung canh tc v t
trng mu, t thu li nn cng tc n b v GPMB tng i thun li v c th kt thc
nhanh chng, to iu kin y nhanh tin thc hin d n.
- Khi din tch t lm nghip v t nng nghip nng nghip ca x Ph Linh b thu
hi s to ra trn a bn mt lc lng lao ng nng nghip tht nghip nht nh. Cc lao
ng nng nghip thng khng c hoc c trnh tay ngh thp. Qu trnh chuyn i
vic lm i vi cc lao ng nng nghip s gp kh khn mc d s nhn c nhiu
chnh sch h tr tha ng t chnh quyn a phng cng nh ca Ch u t.
- Tm l ngi thay i tn ti trong ngi nng dn Vit Nam t lu v rt kh
c th thay i nhng suy ngh ny. Tuy nhin, i vi lc lng lao ng tr th y chnh
l c hi gip h vn ln, thot ra khi sn xut nng nghip, tip cn vi cc ngnh ngh
sn xut cng nghip, dch v v thng mi hin i m chc chn, i sng s dn c
nng cao hn.
3.4 NH GI TC NG CA D N N CC YU T KT-XH V MI TRNG T
NHIN TRONG GIAI ON THI CNG XY DNG D N
3.4.1 Cc tc ng n cc yu t KT-XH
Tc ng tiu cc khng mong i
- Trong thi gian thi cng xy dng d n th vic tp trung mt s lng cng nhn
xy dng v xe my thi cng s lm nh hng nht nh n tnh hnh an ton trt t khu
vc. Nu thc ca cng nhn khng tt s lm gia tng cc t nn x hi nh: c bc, trm
cp, nh , nghin ht, mi dm,... Tnh hnh trt t an ninh s tr nn phc tp v kh
qun l hn. c rt nhiu trng hp th phm ca cc v ti phm hnh s, gy ri trt
t cng cng l cng nhn xy dng.
- Tp trung nhiu ngi t ni khc n cng l nguyn nhn ny sinh cc dch
bnh, nh hng n sc khe cng ng. c bit l trong thi gian ny, bnh cm (H
1
N
1
)
xut hin tr li ti cc tnh min Bc, nguy him hn l ang c dch tiu chy cp do
phy khun t...lm tng nguy c ly lan trn ngi. Bn cnh , dch bnh l mm long
mng, ln tai xanh trn gia sc trong thi gian qua din bin cng rt phc tp, ang c xu
hng lan rng khp cc tnh thnh Vit Nam v nhiu nc trn th gii. Cc dch bnh
trn u cha ng nhiu tim n bng pht thnh i dch.
- Qu trnh thi cng xy dng s tp trung nhiu cng nhn xy dng t ni khc n,
a phn l thanh nin vi nhng li sng, thi quen v phong tc, tp qun khc nhau. Xung
t vi cng ng, c bit thanh nin a phng v cng nhn ang lm vic c kh nng
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xy ra, gy mt trt t an ninh v an ton x hi v i khi li nhng hu qu rt nng n
cho cc gia nh v ton x hi.
- Tp trung nhiu cng nhn xy dng s gy ra sc p v mt h tng x hi, gim c
hi tip cn cc dch v cng cng ca dn c hin hu.
- Lu lng ca cc phng tin tham gia giao thng chuyn ch VLXD v my mc
tng s nh hng n s an ton ca cc li xe v ngi tham gia giao thng trn cc tuyn
ng trong khu vc.
- S pht tn bi, ting n ca cc phng tin giao thng v my mc xy dng c
hi i vi sc khe con ngi gin tip hay trc tip thng qua thc n. Mm bnh do
nhim gy ra c th pht sinh ngay hoc tch t sau mt thi gian mi pht sinh.
Nhn chung, vi s lng cng nhn xy dng tp trung th yu t KT-XH s b tc
ng t nhiu, tnh hnh an ninh trt t s phc tp v kh qun l hn.
Cc tc ng c li
- Qu trnh xy dng s to ra cng n vic lm gin tip hoc trc tip cho nhiu dn
a phng. Cc lao ng trc tip nh: Cng nhn xy dng, bo v, hu cu,Cc loi
ng gin tip nh: Cung cp cc dch v (in thoi, fax, internet,), hng n ung, tp
ha, xe m, nh tr,...
- Qu trnh thi cng xy dng s kch thch pht trin ngnh dch v-thng mi trong
phm vi x Ph Ninh v khu vc ln cn. Mt b phn dn c khu vc xung quanh s
chuyn sang l ngh kinh doanh phc v (cm bnh dn, gii kht,...) cng nhn xy dng
cho cng trng, thu nhp s cao hn v u hn sn xut nng nghip hoc tiu thng
nh hin nay.
- Qu trnh pht trin v hon thin cc cng trnh h tng d n s dn n tnh trng
tng gi t. Nh vic tng gi t, nhiu gia nh c "i i" nh vic bn bt t
xy nh, tu xe, mua sm c v tin ngh gia nh.
- Thi cng xy dng s thc y vic tiu th cc sn phm xy dng, VLXD,
phc v cho cng tc xy dng.
3.4.2 Tc ng trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng s din ra cc hot ng chnh sau:
+ Xy dng h thng ng giao thng ni b v bi , khp ni vi h
thng giao thng chung khu vc v vi cc d n ln cn.
+ Xy dng h thng trm v ng ng cp nc.
+ Xy dng h thng trm v ng dy cp in
+ Xy dng h thng cng thot nc thi v h thng ng ng thot nc
ma, u ni vi h thng chung ca khu vc.
+ San nn cc t xy dng
- Xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh kin trc, bao gm:
+ Xy dng cc cng trnh dch v cng cng phc v khch du lch.
+ Xy dng cc khu nh vn, bit th.
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+ Xy dng khu khch sn.
+ Xy dng cc khu cng vin vui chi gii tr.
- Xy dng h thng cy xanh bao gm: khu cy xanh kt hp bi xe v cng
trnh HTKT; cy xanh cch ly v cnh quan, cy xanh dc theo cc trc ng giao thng;
ci to kt hp trng mi cy xanh trn t rng trong phm vi nghin cu d n.
Tc ng chnh n mi trng t nhin trong giai on thi cng s bao gm:
- Thay i h sinh thi khu vc do qu trnh san lp mt bng: T h sinh thi nng
nghip chuyn sang h sinh thi dch v du lch .
- nh hng ti kh nng chng ng v ti tiu nng nghip cho cc din tch canh
tc la xung quanh khu vc ca x do thay i ch dng chy ca h thng mng nng
nghip hin c.
- Bi t, bi ct, VLXD,... trong qu trnh vn chuyn, thi cng i vi trc tip
ngi cng nhn lao ng v cng ng dn c xung quanh. c bit l nhim bi t
do ri vi VLXD trong qu trnh chuyn ch trn tuyn giao thng.
- Bi, kh c, mi (SO
2
, NO
x
, CO, H
2
S, hi xng, du...) do cc phng tin GTVT,
my mc thi cng xy dng thi ra.
- Ting n, rung ng t cc phng tin GTVT v my mc thi cng.
- Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng. Tuy nhin, nc thi loi ny thng
c lu lng thp, gy nhim cc b v khng lin tc.
- Nc ma chy trn qua mt bng d n ang thi cng s cun theo t ct ri vi
xung h thng mng nng nghip.
- Rc thi: ch yu l st vn, g ct pha, rc thi sinh hot,... Lng CTR ny thng
c thu gom tn dng hoc dng san lp mt bng, bn cnh cng phi cp n
lng du m pht sinh do qu trnh xy dng: - Gim thiu ti a vic sa cha xe, my
mc cng trnh ti khu vc d n. Nu trong cng trng c khu vc bo dng phi c
b tr h thng thu gom du m thi t qu trnh bo dng, duy tu thit b c gii.
- Theo kinh nghim ca cc nh thu thi cng th tng khi lng du m pht sinh
khong 100 lt/thng. Do , ti khu vc d n trong giai on thi cng phi c trang b
thng cha du m thi loi 150 - 200 lt.
D n u t xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I
(phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn,
thnh ph H Ni thuc Khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc, huyn
Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni nhm tng bc nng cao cht lng v s lng c s h tng,
ng thi to thm th v lc mi phc v cho pht trin du lch ca th c quy hoch
trn din tch kh rng (gn 68,9 ha) nn chc chn s din ra trong thi gian di (khong 3
nm). Trong thi gian xy dng s c tc ng tiu cc n mi trng t nhin. Nhng tc
ng ny l khng trnh khi i vi mi cng trng xy dng v nhiu tc ng c hi
n mi trng t nhin v sc khe cng nhn lao ng. Trong , tc hi ng k nht l
bi cc loi, ting n v nh hng n ch tiu thot nc ca khu vc. Tuy nhin, do
Ni
81
tng cm cng trnh trong d n c xy dng theo tng t nn cc tc ng n mi
trng t nhin trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ch mang tnh nht thi, din ra trong mt
thi gian ngn. Vi phng n san nn, trin khai xy dng trn ton b khu t rng 68,9
ha d bo cc tc ng n mi trng trong giai on thi cng xy dng c phn tch chi
tit nh sau:
Bng 3.1: Tng hp cc tc ng ti mi trng trong giai on san nn
Ngun Tc nhn nhim Tc ng nh hng
Phng
tin vn
ti t
ct san
nn
- Nhit, ting n
- Bi, t, ct
- Mui khi
- Kh thi: CO, CO
2
, NO
x
, SO
x
,
- Hi xng, du....
- Cht thi: du, m bo dng
- Tc ng ti ng h hp, thnh
gic ca cng nhn trc tip thi cng
v dn c trong vng.
- Tc ng ti ngun nc mt, nc
sinh hot.
1.Tc ng n mi trng khng kh
a) Ngun gc kh thi
Cc ngun gy nhim khng kh chnh trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng l: bi t,
; cc loi hi kh c hi nh: kh SO
2
, NO
x
, CO, CO
2
, cc hp cht hu c bay hi, dung
mi hu c,... pht sinh t cc loi my xy dng (my ng cc, my i, my m, my
o, my xc, my trn b tng...), my pht in d phng, cc phng tin GTVT ra vo
cng trng, cng on phun sn, phun nha ng, nh bng, sn ph vt liu...Ngoi ra,
cn c cc loi khi, hi kim loi pht sinh t cc my ct, my hn kim loi,...
b) Tnh ton, d bo ti lng nhim bi
Bi pht sinh trong giai on san lp mt bng
* Bi pht sinh t qu trnh san lp mt bng
D n s tin hnh san lp mt bng 1 ln trn din tch 68,9 ha. Tng lng bi pht
sinh t giai on san nn s c c tnh t tng khi lng ct en cn san lp vi h s
bi pht tn l 0,01%.
Bng 3.2: Tng hp s liu san nn Khi lng t san nn
Hng mc cng vic n v Khi lng (tn)
Khi lng t p m
3
1.035.584
Khi lng o b lp hu c b mt m
3
833.763
Tng khi lng o - p m
3
1.869.347
Thi gian san nn d kin l 600 ngy. Vi tng th tch t cn san lp gn
1.900.000m
3
, tng ng 3.738.000 tn (t trng ca t ly trung bnh l 1 m
3
=2tn),
tng lng bi pht sinh c tnh 3,74 triu tn/600 ngy, tng ng 623,15 kg/ngy
m.
* Bi pht sinh t hot ng ca cc phng tin GTVT vn chuyn nguyn liu san
lp mt bng ti cng trng
Bn cnh bi pht sinh trc tip t hot ng san lp mt bng, bi cn pht sinh t
cc phng tin GTVT vn chuyn ct san nn (bi th cp). Thi gian san nn ca d n
Ni
82
c tnh l 600 ngy, ti trng trung bnh mi xe l 20 m
3
. Nh vy vi 1.900.000m
3
t - ct
th s xe cn san lp c tnh ton nh sau:
(1.900.000m
3
/20) 2 (lt ra+vo) = 190.000 lt xe
Nh vy, tng s lt xe cn thit vn chuyn t i san nn cho l 190.000
lt/600 ngy, hay trung bnh 31 lt xe/gi (1 ngy = 10 gi lm vic)
Cc gi thit tnh ton nh sau:
- Cc xe t vn chuyn s dng nguyn liu v du diezen (DO).
- Vn tc trung bnh :10 km/h (trong cng trng xy dng)
- S bnh xe trung bnh :12 ci/xe
- S xe vn chuyn trung bnh: 31 lt/gi
- Qung ng trung bnh : 10 km (khu vc cng trng)
Cc kt qu tnh ton ti bng 3.2 trang bn cho thy lng bi gy ra do cc phng
tin GTVT trn ng vn chuyn t ct san nn ti cng trng trong thi gian thi cng
xy dng l 512 kg/ngym. Hu ht cc loi bi t c kch thc ln, kh pht tn xa
nn ch yu gy nhim cc b ti khu vc cng trng v trn cc tuyn ng vn
chuyn VLXD.
Bng 3.3: D bo ti lng bi pht sinh trong qu trnh xy dng
Ngun
pht sinh
H s pht
sinh bi
Lng bi pht
sinh n v
(kg/1000 km.xe)
Tng lng
bi pht sinh
(tn)
Ti lng pht
thi trung bnh
ngy (kg/ngy)
Giao thng 21.f 24.615 - 512
[Ngun: nh gi cc ngun gy nhim mi trng t, nc v khng kh - Hng
dn cc phng php nh gi nhanh v s dng chng trong QLMT - Phn I: Cc phng
php nh gi nhanh nhim mi trng - T chc Y t th gii, Geneva, 1993]
Ghi ch:
- f l h s pht sinh bi th cp khi xe chy trn ng, c cng thc tnh bng
5 , 0 7 , 0
. . n M v f , trong : - v: Vn tc trung bnh ca xe
- M: Ti trng trung bnh ca xe
- n: S bnh xe trung bnh.
* Tng lng bi pht sinh t qu trnh san lp mt bng ti cng trng
Bng 3.4: Tng lng bi t qu trnh san lp mt bng
TT Ngun pht sinh n v Ti lng bi
1 T qu trnh san nn kg/ngy 623
2 T hot ng ca cc phng tin GTVT san nn kg/ngy 512
Tng cng tn/ngy 1.135
Nh vy, nu khng c cc bin php gim thiu bi hu hiu th hng ngy, ti cng
trng trong giai on san nn s pht sinh 1,135 tn bi. Tuy nhin, bi ct c kch thc
Ni
83
ln, d b lng ng nn khng c kh nng pht tn xa (bn knh b nh hng ch khong
500 m trong phm vi cng trng). Hot ng san nn s gy nhim cc b ti khu vc
cng trng (khng tnh trng hp c gi to, ct b cun theo gi gy nhim mi trng
cho khu vc).
* Bi pht sinh t qu trnh thi cng xy dng cc cng trnh h tng
Theo phng php nh gi nhanh ca WHO d bo c lng bi pht sinh t
cc phng tin GTVT trong qu trnh xy dng vi cc gi thit
- Vn tc trung bnh : 10 km/h (Trong cng trng xy dng)
- Ti trng trung bnh : 20 tn
- S bnh xe trung bnh : 12 ci/xe
- S xe vn chuyn trung bnh: 16 lt/gi (gim 1/2 so vi giai on san nn)
- Qung ng trung bnh : 1 km (Khu vc cng trng)
Kt qu tnh ton cho thy, so vi 1,078 tn bi/ngy m pht tn t phng tin
GTVT trong giai on san nn th trong giai on xy dng, bi pht tn t cc phng tn
GTVT mc thp hn, ch khong 512 kg/ngy m. Nguyn nhn c gii thch l do
khi lng nguyn vt liu phc v cng tc thi cng xy dng t hn nhiu so vi qu trnh
san nn. Bi pht sinh c th t s ri vi nguyn vt liu hoc do bi b cun theo cc bnh
xe v gm xe. Thnh phn bi ch yu vn l bi t ct, c kch thc ln, d b lng ng.
c) Kh thi c hi trong giai on san lp mt bng v thi cng xy dng
H s pht sinh kh thi t cc phng tin GTVT
Giai on san nn v thi cng xy dng u phi s dng rt nhiu xe vn ti vn
chuyn t - ct v nguyn vt liu khc. Khi hot ng, cc phng tin GTVT vi nhin
liu tiu th ch yu l du diezel (du DO) s thi ra mi trng lng khi thi ln cha
cc cht nhim khng kh nh: Hydrocacbon (HC), NO
2
, CO, CO
2
,... Mc pht thi cc
cht nhim ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t nh nhit khng kh, vn tc xe chy, chiu
di mt chuyn i, phn khi ng c, loi nhin liu, cc bin php kim sot nhim.
c th c tnh ti lng cht nhim c th s dng h s nhim do WHO thit
lp:
Bng 3.5: H s pht thi ca cc ngun thi di ng c trng
(n v: kg/1.000 km)
Phng tin Bi SO
2
NO
x
CO VOC Pb
XE M T
ng c 2 th < 50 cc 0,12 0,36S 0,05 10 6
ng c 2 th > 50 cc 0,12 0,6S 0,08 22 15
ng c 4 th > 50 cc 0,76S 0,3 20 3
XE T
Chy trong th
ng c < 1.400 cc 0,07 1,27S 1,5 15,73 2,23 0,09P
ng c 1.400 - 2.000 cc 0,07 1,62S 1,78 15,73 2,23 0,11P
ng c > 2.000 cc 0,07 1,85S 2,51 15,73 2,23 0,13P
Ni
84
Phng tin Bi SO
2
NO
x
CO VOC Pb
Chy ngoi th
ng c < 1.400 cc 0,05 0,80S 2,06 6,99 1,05 0,05P
ng c 1.400 - 2.000 cc 0,05 0,97S 2,31 6,99 1,05 0,07P
ng c > 2.000 cc 0,05 1,17S 3,14 6,99 1,05 0,08P
Chy trn ng cao tc
ng c < 1.400 cc 0,05 0,96S 2,85 3,56 0,69 0,07P
ng c 1.400 - 2.000 cc 0,05 1,08S 3,10 3,56 0,69 0,07P
ng c > 2.000 cc 0,05 1,36S 4,09 3,56 0,69 0,09P
Phng tin vn ti nng dng xng
Chy trong th 0,4 4,5S 4,5 70 7 0,31P
Chy ngoi th 0,45 3,7S 7,5 55 5,5 0,25P
Chy trn ng cao tc 0,6 3,3S 7,5 50 3,5 0,22P
Phng tin vn ti nh dng du diezen < 3,5 tn
Chy trong th 0,2 1,16S 0,7 1 0,15
Chy ngoi th 0,15 0,34S 0,55 0,85 0,4
Chy trn ng cao tc 0,3 1,3S 1 1,25 0,4
Phng tin vn ti nng dng du diezen 3,5 tn - 16 tn
Chy trong th 0,9 4,29S 11,8 6,0 2,6
Chy ngoi th 0,9 4,15S 14,4 2,9 0,8
Chy trn ng cao tc 0,9 4,15S 14,4 2,9 0,8
Xe ti dng du diezen > 16 tn
Chy trong th 1,6 7,26S 18,2 7,3 2,6
Chy ngoi th 1,6 7,43S 24,1 3,7 3,0
Chy trn ng cao tc 1,3 6,1S 19,8 3,1 2,4
Xe but dng du diezen > 16 tn
Chy trong th 1,4 6,6S 16,5 6,6 5,3
Chy ngoi th 1,2 5,61S 18,2 2,8 2,2
Chy trn ng cao tc 0,9 6,11S 13,9 2,1 1,7
[Ngun: Rapid inventory technique in environmental control, WHO 1993[
Ch thch: P: Hm lng ch c trong nhin liu (g/l)
S: Hm lng phn trm (%) lu hunh c trong nhin liu
Chy trong th: Vn tc trung bnh l 25 km/h ; qung ng trung bnh l 8 km
Chy ngoi th: Vn tc trung bnh l 60 km/h ; qung ng trung bnh l 12 km
Chy trn ng cao tc: Vn tc trung bnh l 100 km/h;qung ng trung bnh>12 km
Trong trng hp cc phng tin giao thng c khng c bo tr tt v cht lng
nhin liu xu, cn nhn thm vo cc h s pht thi nh sau:
+ Bi : 1,5; + CO : 1,1 ; + VOC: 10,0; + NO
x
: 0,9
Ni
85
Qua bng 3.4 trn, cn c vo tnh hnh thi cng thc t, chn h s nhim giao
thng p dng cho giai on thi cng d n nh sau:
- Bi : 1,6 kg/1.000 km.1xe
- Kh CO : 3,7 kg/1.000 km.1 xe
- Kh SO
2
: 7,43S/1.000 km.1xe
- NO
2
: 24,1 kg/1.000.1xe
- VOC : 3,0 kg/1.000 km.1xe
Tnh ton, d bo kh thi pht sinh t cc phng tin GTVT trong giai on san lp mt
bng
Trong qu trnh san lp mt bng, tng s lt xe ra vo l 31 lt xe/gi. Cn c vo
h s nhim nu ti cc bng trn, d bo ti lng cc cht kh c: SO
2
, NO
2
, CO, VOC
do cc phng tin GTVT thi ra trong cc ngy cao im c tnh ton theo bng 3.6
Bng 3.6: Ti lng cc cht nhim do hot ng GTVT giai on san nn
TT Cc cht nhim n v Ti lng
1 SO
2
kg/gi 0,64
2 NO
2
kg/gi 0,49
3 CO kg/gi 1,52
4 VOC kg/gi 0,25
Tng cng kg/gi 2,9
Ghi ch: Cng thc tnh ton c th c trnh by ti phn sau
Nh vy, theo kt qu tnh ton trn bng 3.5 cho thy lng kh thi pht sinh t cc
phng tin GTVT trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng tng i ln. Mc d khng gian
cng trng thi cng rng ri, thong ng th kh c trn cng gp phn lm nhim mi
trng khng kh ti x Ph Linh ni chung v khu vc thi cng ni ring.
Tnh ton, d bo kh thi pht sinh t cc phng tin GTVT trong giai on thi cng xy
dng
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, tng s lt xe ra vo l 16 lt xe/gi. Cn c
vo h s nhim nu ti cc bng trn, d bo ti lng cc cht kh c: SO
2
, NO
2
, CO,
VOC do cc phng tin GTVT thi ra trong cc ngy cao im c tnh ton trn bng
3.7
Bng 3.7: Ti lng cc cht nhim do hot ng GTVT
TT Cc cht nhim n v Ti lng
1 SO
2
kg/gi 0,31
2 NO
2
kg/gi 0,23
3 CO kg/gi 0,54
4 VOC kg/gi 0,15
Tng cng kg/gi 1,23
Ghi ch: Cng thc tnh ton c th c trnh by ti phn sau.
So vi 31lt xe/gi ra vo trong giai on thi cng san nn, trong giai on xy
dng s thu ht 18 lt xe/gi, gim 1/2 s lng. Do vy, m lng kh thi t cc phng
tin GTVT cng gim i 1/2, tng thi lng kh thi d bo trong giai on ny khong
Ni
86
1,23 kg/gi. Qu trnh thi cng thi cng xy dng cc hng mc din ra trn phm vi rng
ln v cc phng tin GTVT khng hot ng ng thi nn lng kh thi trn nhanh
chng c pha long vo mi trng.
d) Tc ng do kh thi t cc my pht in
cung cp in cho cc my xy dng (my ct, khoan, my hn...) trong qu trnh
thi cng xy dng khi cha u in t in li Quc gia, hoc khi c u ni vi h
thng in li nhng do mt in tm thi, cc nh thu thi cng s dng t nht 2 my
pht in vi cng sut 500KVA/my. Nhin liu s dng l du diezen (du DO). Theo
phng php nh gi nhanh ca WHO, c th c tnh c ti lng nhim sinh ra
trong kh thi my pht in khi hot ng v nng nhim tng ng theo cc gi thit
sau:
- Cng sut my pht : 500 KVA
- Lng du tiu th : 25,6 kg du/h
- Hm lng cacbon, hydro v lu hunh trong du: 86,6%, 12,5%, 1,2%
- Lng kh thi khi t 1 kg du iu kin tiu chun v h s kh d l 1,2:
:18,5 Nm
3
/kg du
- Lu lng kh thi : 474 Nm
3
/h
Kt qu d bo nhim mi trng khng kh t my pht in c trnh by trong
bng 3.8:
Ni
87
Bng 3.8 Ti lng v nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi my pht in
Cht
nhim
H s
nhim
(kg/tn du)
Ti lng
nhim
(mg/s)
Nng cht
nhim
(mg/Nm
3
)
TCVN
6992 - 2001
(mg/Nm
3
)
TCVN
5939 - 2005
(mg/Nm
3
)
Bi 0,576 4 601,25 - 200
SO
2
17S 0,12 908,23 300 500
NO
x
7,2 0,051 816,34 600 850
CO 1,68 0,012 972,76 300 1000
VOC 0,6 0,0043 95,18 - -
So snh nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi my pht pht in vi tiu chun kh
thi TCVN 5939 - 2005 p dng cho cc c s mi (loi B), cho thy hu ht u vt tiu
chun. Tuy nhin, my pht in hot ng khng lin tc, qu trnh xy dng ch yu dng
in li gim chi ph, din tch thi cng cng kh rng nn mc nh hng khng
ng k, ti lng thp, nht l khi so snh vi ti lng nhim ca cc phng tin
GTVT.
e) Kh thi t cc cng on hn
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng chc chn s din ra cc qu trnh hn, c bit l
ti cc cng trnh nh tng s dng kt cu thp. Trong qu trnh hn cc kt cu thp, cc
loi ho cht cha trong que hn b chy v pht sinh khi c cha cc cht c hi, c kh
nng gy nhim mi trng v nh hng n sc kho cng nhn lao ng.
Bng 3.9 T trng cc cht nhim trong qu trnh hn in kim loi
Cht nhim
ng knh que hn (mm)
2,5 3,25 4 5 6
Khi hn (c cha cc cht nhim
khc) (mg/1 que hn)
285 508 706 1.100 1.578
CO (mg/1 que hn) 10 15 25 35 50
NO
x
(mg/1 que hn) 12 20 30 45 70
[Ngun: Phm Ngc ng, nhim mi trng khng kh,
Nh xut bn Khoa hc k thut, 2004]
Tng din tch sn xy dng ca d n khong 500.565 m
2
, vi lng que hn cn
dng trung bnh l 0,45 kg/m
2
sn v gi thit s dng loi que hn ng knh trung bnh 4
mm v 25 que/kg. Ti tng cc cht kh c pht sinh t cng on hn khi thi cng xy
dng nh sau:
- Khi hn: 82 kg/ngy
- CO: 35 kg/ngy
- NO
x
: 42 kg/ngy
Ti lng ny khng cao, nht l khi so snh ti lng kh CO v NO
x
vi kh thi
pht sinh t cc xe vn ti, tuy nhin n li nh hng trc tip n nhng ngi th hn.
Nu khng c cc phng tin phng h c nhn ph hp, ngi th hn khi tip xc vi
cc loi kh c hi c th b nhng nh hng lu di n sc kho, thm ch nng cao
c th b nhim c cp tnh.
Nhn chung, trong qu trnh san nn v thi cng xy dng d n th ngun gy
nhim mi trng khng kh ng ch nht l bi v kh thi t cc phng tin GTVT.
Ni
88
Bi ch yu pht sinh t qu trnh san nn v t hot ng ca cc phng tin GTVT. Kh
thi t cc phng tin giao thng cng l ngun ng k song cc phng tin ny hot
ng khng ng thi, khng gian d n rng, thong nn kh thi giao thng s nhanh
chng ha long trong mi trng khng kh.
2. Tc ng do ting n
a) Ngun gy n
Bng 3.10 Mc ting n in hnh (dBA) ca cc thit b,
phng tin thi cng khong cch 2 m
TT Hot ng thi cng n v Mc n khong cch 2 m
I. Dn dp mt bng thi cng
1 My i/gt dBA 80
2 Xe nng dBA 72 - 84
3 Xe ti dBA 83 - 94
II. San nn v m cht
4 My san dBA 80 - 93
5 Xe lu dBA 73 - 75
III. Ri ng
6 My ri dBA 86 - 88
7 Xe ti dBA 83 - 94
8 My m dBA 74 - 77
IV. o v vn chuyn t
9 My i dBA 80
10 My gu ngom dBA 72 - 93
11 Xe ti dBA 83 - 94
12 My no dBA 80 - 83
V. Thi cng cng trnh
13 Cn cu dBA 75 - 77
14 My hn dBA 71 - 82
15 My trn b tng dBA 74 - 88
16 Bn b tng dBA 81 - 84
17 My nn khng kh dBA 74 - 87
18 Dng c bm hi dBA 81 - 98
19 My i dBA 80
20 Xe ch xi mng v t dBA 83 - 94
21 Xe ti dBA 83 - 94
Trong cc giai on san nn v thi cng xy dng h tng, ngoi cc ngun nhim
khng kh k trn, ting n cng l mt yu t mang bn cht vt l v nh hng n mi
trng khng kh. Ting n pht sinh ch yu t cc phng tin GTVT, cc my mc xy
dng,... cc hot ng c in, my bm nc, my n,...
Ting n thi cng nhn chung l khng lin tc, ph thuc vo loi hnh hot ng v
cc my mc, thit b c s dng. Hin nay, khng ch Vit Nam m nhiu nc trn th
gii u ly tiu chun ting n in hnh ca cc phng tin, thit b thi cng ca "U ban
BVMT U.S - Ting n t cc thit b xy dng v my mc xy dng NJID, 300.1,
Ni
89
31/12/1971" l cn c kim sot mc n ngun, chi tit trnh by trong bng 3.10 trang
trn.
b) Phng php xc nh mc ting n do cc phng tin giao thng vn ti ng b gy
ra.
i vi xe chy c lp (Phng php ca Cng ng Chu u)
V tr nh gi mc ting n ca xe t l khong cch 7,5m tnh t trc ca xe v
cao 1,2m ti mt khu t trng.
i vi xe t con, mc ting n khi xe chy ch n nh vi vn tc l v
c tnh theo cng thc sau:
L (dBA) = 20 + 30log(v)
i vi xe ti ti trng trn 3,5 tn chy du diesel, mc ting n khi xe chy ch
n nh vi vn tc v c tnh theo cng thc sau:
L (dBA) = 30 + 30log (v)
ch tng tc t vn tc 50km/h, mc ting n ca xe t con l 83 dBA v
ca xe ti l 90 dBA, vi sai phng l 4 dBA. Nhn vo hai cng thc trn, c th thy nu
chy vi cng mt vn tc, xe ti lun c mc ting n cao hn xe t con l 10 dBA, c
ngha l xe ti c mc ting n tng ng 10 xe t con.
Tnh ton lan truyn ting n
Kh nng ting n ti khu vc thi cng lan truyn ti cc khu vc xung quanh c
xc nh bng cng thc sau:
Li = Lp - L
d
- L
c
(dBA)
Trong :
Li - Mc n ti im tnh ton cch ngun n mt khong cch d (m)
Lp - Mc n o c ti ngun gy n (cch 1,5 m)
L
d
- Mc n gim theo khong cch d tn s i
1
1
]
1
,
_

+a
d
r
r
L
1
2
1
lg 20

Trong :
r
1
- Khong cch ti ngun gy n vi Lp (m)
r
2
- Khong cch tnh ton gim mc n theo khong cch ng vi Li (m)
a - H s hp th ring ca ting n vi a hnh mt t (a = 0)
L
c
- gim mc n qua vt cn. Khu vc d n c a hnh rng thong v khng
c vt cn nn L=0.
Bng 3.11 Mc n do cc phng tin thi cng khong cch 200 m & 500 m
(n v: dBA)
Ni
90
TT Thit b thi cng
Mc n
im cch
my 2 m
Mc n
khong cch
200 m
Mc n
khong cch 500
m
I. Dn dp mt bng thi cng
1 My i/gt 80 68 59
2 Xe nng 72 - 84 66 54
3 Xe ti 83 - 94 70 65
II. San nn v m cht
4 My san 80 - 93 69 68
5 Xe lu 73 - 75 64 54
III. Ri ng
6 My ri 86 - 88 67 59
7 Xe ti 83 - 94 72 59
8 My m 74 - 77 68 54
IV. o v vn chuyn t
9 My i 80 68 59
10 My gu ngom 72 93 70 57
11 Xe ti 83 92 70 66
12 My no 80 83 69 52
V. Thi cng cng trnh
13 Cn cu 75 77 68 50
14 My hn 71 82 67 52
15 My trn b tng 74 88 70 62
16 Bm b tng 81 84 69 60
17 My nn khng kh 74 87 72 64
18 Dng c bm hi 81 94 73 65
19 My i 80 68 59
20 Xe ch xi mng v t 83 92 70 61
21 Xe ti 83 90 70 61
VI. TC 3733/2002/BYT-Q 85 - -
VII. TCVN 5949 - 1998 - 75 75
Ghi ch:
TC3733/2002/ BYT-Q: Tiu chun B Y t v cht lng khng kh khu sn xut
TCVN 5949 - 1998: Tiu chun Vit Nam i vi khu vc dn c
Kt qu tnh ton cho thy, ting n sinh ra do cc phng tin GTVT vn chuyn
nguyn vt liu v my mc, thit b thi cng trn cng trng m bo GHCP i vi khu
vc thi cng v nm trong GHCP i vi khu dn c theo TCVN 5949 - 1998 khong cch
trn 200 m t ngun n.
Hot ng ca con ngi rt cn c m thanh, khi m thanh vt qu ngng chu
ng ca ti ngi th m thanh tr thnh ting n gy nhim mi trng. Hot ng
xy dng cng nh hot ng du lch vui chi gii tr, ngh dng ca d n sau ny u
Ni
91
pht sinh ting n l khng trnh khi. Khi ting n qu cao vt tiu chun cho php th n
s tc ng ti sc kho ca ngi lao ng nh gim nng sut lao ng, gy mt mi, mt
ngh, tm l kh chu; tip xc trong thi gian u s lm chi thnh gic gim st, dn n
bnh ic ngh nghip.
Theo thng k ca B Y t v Vin nghin cu Khoa hc K thut Bo h Lao ng
ca Tng Lin on Lao ng Vit Nam th ting n gy nh hng xut ti hu ht cc b
phn trong c th con ngi. Tc ng ca ting n c m t theo hnh 3.1 v tc ng
ca ting n n c th con ngi th hin cc di tn s khc nhau cho trong bng 3.12
Error: Reference source not found
Hnh 3.1: Tc ng ca ting n n cc c quan trong c th
Do khu vc d n nm cch xa khu dn c tp trung (khong 2000m) nn kh nng gy
n ln n ngi dn l rt thp. Mt khc, cc thit b m d n s dng u c chng
nhn v tiu chun cht lng ca C quan c chc nng, c php lu hnh v s dng do
vy s khng gy ting n . Ngoi ra my mc gy n ln nh ba my, khoan, ng cc khng
c s dng trong thi cng d n do cc cng trnh thit k thp (2-3 tng) khng cn gia c
mng.
Bng 3.12 Tc ng ca ting n cc di tn s
Mc n (dBA) Tc ng n ngi nghe
0 Ngng nghe thy
100 Bt u lm bin i nhp p ca tim
110 Kch thch mnh mng nh
120 Ngng chi tai
130 - 135 Gy bnh thn kinh v nn ma, lm yu xc tc
140 au nhi tai, nguyn nhn gy bnh thn kinh, ic
145 Gii hn m con ngi c th chu c ting n
Ni
92
Cc c quan
trong c th
Gy mt mi thnh gic, gim
thnh lc, gy ic ngh nghip
Ting n
Tai
Gy bin i sinh l, sinh ho,
in tm no
H thn kinh
H vn ng
Mt c bp, phn
x chm, ri lon
tin nh
H h hp Th gic H tiu ho H tun hon
Tng
nhp th
Gim kh nng
phn bit mu
sc, gim th
gic
Gy vin d
dy, gim
dch v
Tng nhp tim,
gy ri lon h
tiu ho
150 Nu chu ng lu s b thng mng tai
160 Nu tip xc lu s b gy hu qu lu di
Nh vy ti khu vc cng trng, cc thit b gy n nh hng n sc kho cng
nhn xy dng l ch yu, c th gy nn s mt mi, gim thnh gic, mt tp trung, nhc
u cho cng nhn. Tc ng ny c nh gi l tiu cc nhng ch mang tnh cc b v
tm thi.
T cc thng tin trn c th nhn nh rng khu vc dn c gn d n nht s chu tc
ng do n t cng trng nhng khng ng k v cc my mc thit b gy n s c b
tr cch khu dn c trn 300m, hn na khu dn c hin hu (x Ph Linh, xm 8,9) nm
cch xa, khng thuc phm vi d n nn nh hng ca ting n c xem l khng ng
k. Do vy d n khng cn trin khai cc bin php c bit khng ch n.
nh hng do rung ng t qu trnh thi cng: gn vng d n khng c cc khu vc
cn bo v c bit (cm khu di tch, cng trnh vn ha, cc cng trnh cao tng), do vy
rung t v tr xy dng khng nh hng n cc cng trnh ny.
Ngoi ra, khu vc xy dng d n c nn t kh tt, cc cng trnh xy dng c ti trong
thp nn rt hn ch nhu cu ng cc (ngun pht sinh rung ln nht).
3.Tc ng n mi trng nc
a) Ngun gy nhim nc
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng h tng, cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc
bao gm:
1- Nc ma chy trn,
2- Nc thi sinh hot hng ngy t khu ln tri cng nhn xy dng,
3- Nc thi do cc hot ng thi cng xy dng,
b) Tnh ton, d bo ti lng nhim nc
Nc ma chy trn
nh gi tc ng ca nc ma chy trn trn khu vc i vi mi trng xung
quanh, s dng phng php tnh ton thu lc h thng thot nc ma theo phng php
cng gii hn c cng thc nh sau:
Q = q F (m
3
/s)
Trong : Q - Lu lng tnh ton (m
3
/s)
q - Cng ma tnh ton (l/s.ha)
F - Din tch lu vc thot nc ma (ha)
- H s dng chy, ph thuc vo c im mt ph ca lu vc
thot nc ly trung bnh bng 0,8
( ) ( )
( )
n
n
b t
P C q b
q
+
+ +
lg 1 20
20
Trong : q - Cng ma tnh ton (l/s.ha) ; t - Thi gian tp trung nc ma (pht)
p - Chu k ngp lt (nm), ly P = 5 nm ( Theo iu 2.2.6 20 TCN-51-84 )
Ni
93
q
20
, b, c, n - i lng ph thuc c im kh hu ti a phng. Ly theo ti liu
Phng php v kt qu nghin cu cng ma tnh ton Vit Nam. Vin kh tng
thu vn 1979, vi s liu ca 47 trm theo di ma bng phng php hi quy ca tc gi
Trn Vit Lin.
i vi mt trn ma tnh ton, khi chu k trn ng P = 5 th cng ma l 200
mm/gi, l tng i ln. Nu cc tuyn cng thot nc c bn cn lng ng nhiu, khi
tri ma to s khng tiu thot kp. Nc ma v nc thi trn ln, chy theo b mt v
cun theo cc cht nhim.
* Tnh ton ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc ma
Trong nc ma t u thng cha lng ln cc cht bn tch lu trn b mt nh:
du, m, bi, t ct,... ca qu trnh thi cng xy dng t nhng ngy khng ma. Lng
cht bn tch t trong nc ma theo thi gian c xc nh theo cng thc:
( ) [ ] ) ( exp 1
max
kg F T k M G
z

Trong :
M
max
- Lng bi tch lu ln nht trong khu vc d n (M
max
= 220 kg/ha)
K
z
- H s ng lc tch lu cht bn trong khu vc (k
z
= 0,3 ng)
T - Thi gian tch lu cht bn (T = 15 ngy)
F - Din tch khu vc d n (ha)
p dng cng thc trn tnh ton cho khu vc nh sau:
G = 220 [1 - exp (-0,3 15) 68,9] = 950 kg
Nh vy, lng cht bn tch t trong khong 15 ngy s l 950 kg trn din tch 68,9
ha, lng cht bn ny s theo nc ma chy trn qua khu vc, gy tc ng nht nh n
i sng thu sinh v gy nhim thu vc nc tip nhn trong khu vc.
Nc thi sinh hot
Trong qu trnh xy dng h tng, d bo s cng nhn xy dng thng xuyn s dao
ng trong khong 80 - 120 cng nhn ca cc nh thu lm vic trn cng trng xy dng,
to ra lng nc thi sinh hot t 12,8 n 19,2 m
3
/ngy (la chn nh mc 200
lt/ngi/ngy do cng nhn xy dng thng n 24/24 ti cng trng v nc thi bng
80% lng nc sch s dng).
V l thuyt, nng bn ca nc thi sinh hot, ph thuc vo lu lng thi,
lng cht bn n v tnh trung bnh cho 1 ngi/ngy, c im, tnh cht ca cc cng
trnh v thit b v sinh. Nc thi sinh hot ca cng trng xy dng c tnh ton nh
sau:
- Lng bn n v ly bng 25% lng bn n v theo 20 TCN 51- 84.
- H s s dng thit b v sinh k = 0,2 theo TCVN 4513 - 1988 v TCVN 4474 -
1987.
Qu trnh v sinh, chun b ba n hng ngy cho cng nhn to ra ngun nc thi
c c trng BOD,COD, SS cao do qu trnh phn hu cc cht hu c, d lng thuc bo
v thc vt cn li trn rau qu...Nc thi khu bp c c trng giu cht m do thc n
tha, b sung cc cht dinh dng vo thy vc nhn nc thi. Khi hm lng nit, pht pho
Ni
94
trong nc qu ln, d tha so vi nhu cu s dn n hin tng ph dng c bit l ti cc
thy vc tnh th kh nng t lm sch km nh lu lng nc trao i thp. Theo l thuyt
ca Stumm v Morgan nh phng trnh quang hp ca to di y th nit v pht pho ng
vai tr rt quan trng trong qu trnh pht trin ca cc loi to lam.
106CO
2
+ 16NO
3
-
+ HPO
4
2-
+ 122H
2
O + 18H
+
C
106
H
263
O
110
N
16
P + 138O
2
S pht trin bng n ca to s lm cho nc tr nn c v c mu xanh lc. To
d tha, cht v phn hy gy nn mi kh chu nh hng trc tip n cc thy sinh vt
v mi trng khng kh xung quanh.
Qu trnh phn hy sinh hc cc cht hu c v to cng s lm gim nng oxy
ho tan trong nc. Khi nng oxy ho tan xung thp, cc loi thy sinh vt s gim. Ti
khu vc c nng oxy ho tan xung qu thp do cc cht hu c phn hy mnh th
thng xy ra qu trnh phn hy k kh lp bn y, pht sinh mi hi thi. y l mi
trng khng thun li cho cc sinh vt sng di nc. Ngc li, nm v vi khun pht
trin mnh nh s phn hy cc cht hu c lm tng hm lng NH
4
+
.
Ngoi ra, s phn hy cc cht hu c cng sinh ra lng ln ion sunpht trong
nc. Trong iu kin him kh, sunpht b phn hy sinh hc gii phng kh hydrosunfua
H
2
S. Kh H
2
S pht sinh mi kh chu v c hi cho con ngi.
Cng vi nhng tc ng do cc yu t ho l ni trn, ngun nc thi cn l
phng tin lan truyn cc vi sinh vt gy bnh. Ngun nc ngm dng trong sinh hot v
n ung cng n cha mt s tc nhn gy bnh.
1. Vi khun:
Vi khun thng dng n bo. T bo c cu to n gin so vi cc sinh vt
khc. Vi khun trong nc ung c th gy nn cc bnh l, vim ng rut v cc bnh
tiu chy khc.
2. Virut:
Virut khng c h thng trao i cht (khng c khn nng chuyn ha thc n
thnh cc thnh phn cn thit cho c th mnh) nn khng sng c lp c. Chng
thng chui vo t bo ca cc loi c th khc ri li s tng hp cc cht ca t bo ch
theo hng cn thit cho s pht trin ca virut. Virut trong nc c th gy bnh vim gan
v vim ng rut.
3. Nguyn sinh ng vt:
Nguyn sinh ng vt l nhng c th n bo chuyn ng c trong nc.
Chng gm cc nhm amoebas, flagellated protozoans, citiates v sporozoans. Nguyn sinh
ng vt gy bnh ngi l Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba hystolytica, Cryptosporidium v
Naegleria flowler. Trong s ny ng ch nht Giardia lamblia, chng gy bnh giardiase.
4. To:
To n bo thuc loi quang t dng. Chng tng hp c cc cht cn cho c
th t cht v c n gin (NH
4
+
, CO
2
, H
2
O) nh nh sng mt tri. To khng trc tip gy
bnh cho ngi v ng vt nhng c th sn sinh ra cc c t.
Trong thc t, cc bnh ly lan qua mi trng nc l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra
bnh tt v t vong, nht l cc nc ang pht trin. Nc thi cha cc vi khun gy
Ni
95
bnh trc tip xung thy vc th qui m ly lan s rt rng. Nh vy, nu khng c
thu gom v x l tp trung th ngun nc thi sinh hot hng ngy s nh hng xu n
ngun nc b mt. Ngoi ra, khi tch t lu ngy, cc cht hu c ny s b phn hu gy ra
mi hi thi.
Nc thi sinh hot ch yu cha cc cht cn b, cc cht l lng (SS), cc hp cht
hu c (BOD
5
), cc cht dinh dng (NO
3
-
, PO
4
3-
) v cc vi sinh vt. Theo tnh ton, thng
k cho thy, khi lng cht nhim do mi ngi hng ngy thi vo mi trng, nu
khng xy dng h thng thu gom v x l tm thi th hng ngy s c 1 khi lng ln
cht nhim x ra mi trng. y l ngun gy nhim ng k, tc ng trc tip ti
mi trng sng ca cng nhn v nhn dn quanh vng, gy dch bnh, bnh tt v nh
hng trc tip ti mi trng nc ngm v nc mt.
Trong trng hp ti cc ln tri xy dng h thng thu gom tm thi s c 2 phng
n: Nc thi c x l bng b pht v khng c x l bng b pht, c 2 phng n
ny s c so snh v nh gi di y. Cn c vo ti lng nhim v lu lng nc
thi, c th tnh ton c nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot.
Bng 3.13 Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot
Cht nhim
Nng cc cht nhim (mg/l)
Khng x l X l bng b t hoi QCVN 14 : 2009 (B)
BOD
5
225 - 270 85,5 - 102,6 50
SS 350 - 725 133 - 275,5 100
Nitrat 30 - 60 17,4 - 34,8 50
Photphat 4 - 20 2,32 - 11,6 10
Vi sinh (NPN/100ml) Nng cc cht nhim (mg/l)
Tng Coliform 10
6
- 10
9
Fecal coliform 10
5
- 10
6
Trng giun sn 10
3
So snh nng cc cht nhim vi qui chun (QCVN 14:2009/BTNMT: Qui chun
k thut quc gia v cc thng s nhim trong nc thi sinh hot) cho thy nc thi sinh
hot sau x l bng b t hoi c nng BOD
5
vt tiu chun l 1,7 - 2,1 ln, SS vt
tiu chun l 1,3 - 2,8 ln.
Trong trng hp nc thi ch c thu gom, khng c x l s b, nng
BOD
5
vt tiu chun t 4,5 - 5,4 ln, SS l 5,8 - 12 ln. Nh vy, nu ch c thu gom v
x xung mng thot, nc thi sinh hot trong qu trnh xy dng s l ngun gy
nhim cht hu c, dinh dng, vi khun cho ngun nc mt.
Trng hp ton b nc en (x v tiu) c thu gom v vn chuyn ti trm x l
ni khc, y s l bin php l tng gip gim thiu ti a nh hng ca nc thi sinh
hot nhng bin php ny nu p dng ti cng trng xy dng th khng kh thi do qu
tn km.
Nc thi t cc hot ng thi cng xy dng v t cc my mc thit b
Trong qu trnh xy dng, cc nh thu thi cng c lp t h thng ng ng cp
nc thi cng v c kim sot bng cc van, vi kha. Lng nc thi to ra t thi cng
Ni
96
xy dng nhn chung khng nhiu, khng ng lo ngi. Thnh phn nhim chnh trong
nc thi thi cng l t ct xy dng thuc loi t c hi, d lng ng, tch t ngay trn
cc tuyn thot nc thi cng tm thi. V th, kh nng gy tch t, lng ng bn t vo
nc thot nc sinh hot ca khu vc dn c xung quanh nhn chung ch mc thp.
Ti cc ln tri, cn c mt lng nc thi ng k t my mc, thit b. Theo kinh
nghim nguyn cu ca Trung tm k thut mi trng th v KCN - i hc Xy dng
H Ni, lu lng v ti lng nhim l ng k. Lu lng v nng nhim trong
nc thi t cc thit b my mc c trnh by bng 3.14
Bng 3.14 Lu lng v ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi t cc thit b thi cng
TT Loi nc thi
Lu lng
(m
3
/ngy)
COD
(mg/l)
Du m
(mg/l)
SS (mg/l)
1 Nc thi t bo dng my mc 2 20 - 30 - 50 - 80
2 Nc thi v sinh my mc 5 50 - 80 1,0 - 2,0 150 - 200
3 Nc thi lm mt my 4 10 - 20 0,5 - 1,0 10 - 15
TCVN 5945 - 2005, mc B 80 5 100
TCVN 5945 - 2005, mc C 400 10 200
[Ngun:Trung tm k thut mi trng th v KCN - i hc Xy dng H Ni]
4. Tc ng do tc nhn nhit m
Thi gian thi cng xy dng trong ma h vi nhit khng kh v m cao th s
nh hng n sc khe cng nhn, rt d gy bnh st, stress,...
Nhit cao s gy nn nhng bin i v sinh l v c th con ngi nh mt m
hi, km theo l mt mt mt lng mui khong nh cc mui in K, Na, Ca, I, Fe,... Nhit
cao cng phi lm c tim phi lm vic nhiu hn. Ngoi ra, lm vic trong mi trng
nng thng d mc bnh hn so vi cc iu kin bnh thng, v d bnh tiu ha chim
ti 15% trong khi iu kin bnh thng ch chim 7,5%, bnh ngoi da l 6,3% so vi
1,6%. Ri lon sinh l thng gp mt s cng nhn lm vic nhit cao l chng say
nng v co git, nng hn l chong nhit. Ngi thng xuyn tip xc vi ngun nhit cao
l cc cng nhn vn hnh my, li xe cng trnh,...
5. Tc ng do cht thi rn
a) CTR xy dng
t, ct, ,... trong qu trnh xy dng ni chung s gy nh hng nht nh
m biu hin ch yu l lm tch ng t ct, thu hp dng chy ca cc cng thot v qua
lm hn ch kh nng tiu thot nc. Mc gy nh hng tu thuc vo trnh k
thut v qun l thi cng. Cc loi v bao xi mng, st, thp tha, mnh g vn, v thng,...
nu khng c thu gom v tn dng li cho hot ng ti ch s tc ng tiu cc n mi
trng v lng ph.
b) CTR sinh hot
Cng trng xy dng theo d bo tp trung khong t 80 - 120 ngi. thc ca
cng nhn xy dng thng khng cao trong vic gi v sinh mi trng nn trong khu vc
xy dng c kh nng xy ra tnh trng x rc ba bi gy mt v sinh mi trng. Ly tiu
Ni
97
chun x rc thi l 0,5 kg/ngi/ngy v cn c vo lng cng nhn v cn b trong khu
vc d n s d bo c lng rc thi pht sinh trong mt ngy theo cng thc sau: Q = N
0,5 (kg)
Trong :
Q - Tng lng rc thi pht sinh trong ngy ; N - Tng s ngi trn cng trng
Nu khng gi v sinh chung, CTR sinh hot s l mi trng l tng cho s sinh si
v pht trin ca cc loi virus, vi khun gy bnh truyn nhim nh rui v mui. c tnh
tng lng CTR sinh hot pht sinh trong giai on ny l 40 - 60 kg/ngy, trong thnh
phn hu c (rau, c qu, cm tha, canh tha) chim a s, t 55 - 70%.
6. Tc ng n mi trng t
Vic san i to mt bng s lm thay i ch chy ca nc mt v mt s knh
mng ang lm nhim v cung ng v tiu thot nc cho ng rung xung quanh. Do
s lm nh hng ti lp t b mt nu nh cc gii php v thot nc khng c tnh
ton k cng trong giai on thi cng.
Do nh hng ca ma v gi, lp t trn b mt s b xi mn. Nc thi c ln du
m chy theo nc ma ra xung quanh lm gim cht lng ca t nng nghip ti khu
vc xung quanh.
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, do cha hon thin xong h thng thot nc nn
s gy ngp ng cc b v nh hng n mi trng t.
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, vi cc bin php nhm gim thiu ti a kh thi,
nc thi v CTR s hn ch cc tc ng xu n mi trng t.
7. Tc ng n h sinh thi v ti nguyn sinh vt
Khu vc quy hoch hin nay ch yu l t lm nghip v t nng nghip, t trng
mu,... nn khi thc hin s khng th trnh khi nhng tc ng lm thay i h sinh thi
v nh hng t nhiu ti mi trng sng ca cc sinh vt. Cc tc ng ch yu ti h sinh
thi bao gm:
- Ph hu khong din tch canh tc la, hoa mu, nh hng n cc ng thc vt
sinh sng trong khu vc ny.
- Lm mt, gim v bin i lp ph thc vt t nhin, bao gm cc loi thm c, tp
on c thy sinh, cc lm cy bi xung quanh cc v tr thi cng.
- Lm thay i s lng cc loi chn khp, thnh phn cc nhm giun v h cn
trng trong khu vc, c bit l hm lng cc cht l lng v cht hu c trong thu vc
tng, mt v sinh khi sinh vt ni tng, gy hin tng ph dng ti cc thy vc.
- H sinh thi nng nghip ti khu vc ch yu l h sinh thi nhn to nn vic thay
i mc ch s dng t t nng nghip sang thng mi, dch v khng gy tc ng n
yu t ny.
- Khu vc d n khng gn cc khu vc bo tn, bo tng v rng cn c bo v.
Nhn chung, vi h sinh thi ngho, vic thi cng xy dng h tng Khu vui chi gii
tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th h ng
Ni
98
n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni thuc Khu du lch vn ho, ngh
ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni s khng gy tc ng
n h sinh thi v ti nguyn sinh vt.
8. S c mi trng
Trong giai on thi cng xy dng, c th xy ra cc s c sau:
- S c chy n: Xy ra ti cc khu vc cha nhin liu nh xng, du,...
- S c in git: Xy ra cc ti v tr thi cng xy lp,...
- S c tai nn lao ng: Xy ra trn cng trng thi cng xy dng.
- S c tai nn giao thng: Cc phng tin GTVT hot ng trn cng trng v cc
tuyn ng giao thng c lin quan.
- Cc s c khc: st nh, l lt,...
- S c ng c: Xy ra khi cc cng nhn xy dng n ung tp trung.
- S c dch bnh: dch cm g, dch t,
Trong cc s c nu trn th s c v tai nn giao thng v tai nn lao ng trn cng
trng xy dng c nguy c xy ra nhiu hn. Cc s c trn khi xy ra s gy thit hi v
con ngi v ti sn. Trong giai on thi cng, ch u t yu cu cc nh thu thi cng c
cc bin php phng v ng cu khi s c xy ra.
3.5 NH GI TC NG CA D N N CC YU T KT-XH V MI TRNG T
NHIN KHI d n VO HOT NG
3.5.1. Ngun gy tc ng n mi trng t nhin
Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng
cng, cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni thuc
Ni vi quy m 68,9ha chia cc phn khu chc nng: Ton b t xy dng cng trnh c
b tr tp trung hai bn trc ng giao thng khu vc (trc Bc Nam). C cu t ai quy
hoch c t chc theo cc khu chc nng:
+ t cng cng, dch v, vui chi gii tr c b tr ti khu vc trung tm hai bn
trc giao thng Bc Nam. Cc cng trnh khch sn, dch v cng cng ch yu tp trung v
pha Ty. Cc cng trnh phc v vui chi gii tr tp trung v pha ng trc ng ti v
tr t ven h ng n.
+ t xy dng nh vn bit th c b tr tp trung ti khu vc pha Ty trc Bc
Nam, tp trung ven chn i v mt phn b tr trn sn ni pha Ty Nam.
Trong qu trnh hot ng dch v, thng mi, du lch hu ht cc hot ng u
pht sinh cht thi. Tu theo tng loi hnh kinh doanh, cc loi cht thi s pht sinh khc
nhau v tnh cht, thnh phn cng nh khi lng. Cht thi pht sinh in hnh c chia
lm 2 nhm chnh, l nc thi v CTR. Kh thi pht sinh t khu vc khng nhiu, ch
yu t hot ng khng lin tc ca my pht in d phng.
Bng 3.15. Ngun pht sinh cht thi t hot ng ca d n
Ni
99
TT Loi cht thi Ngun gc
I. Nc thi
1 Nc thi sinh hot
Nc thi sinh hot pht sinh t khu vc nh hng,
nh cng tin, khu vc hnh chnh.
2 Nc ma chy trn
Nc ma c quy c l sch, tuy nhin c kh
nng ko theo nhiu t ct, rc thi trn b mt thot
xung h thng thot nc ma.
3
Nc thi t cc hot
ng khc
-Hot ng vui chi
-Hot ng ca my pht in d phng (nc lm
mt)
-H thng iu ha khng kh trung tm,
II. Kh thi
1
Bi v cc loi kh v c
nh: SO
2
, CO, NO
x
,...
-Hot ng ca cc phng tin GTVT
-Cc hot ng khc: my pht in d phng,...
2
Kh thi hu c: H
2
S
CH
4
, NH
3
, VOC,...
-Trm x l nc thi
-Lu gi CTR
III. Rc thi
1
Rc thi sinh hot
-Nh hng, cng tin, khu vc hnh chnh
-Khu nh bit th, khu dch v
2
Ha cht
-Chm sc cy cnh, cy trng t nhin
-V sinh dng c, my mc trang thit b, xe oto...
-Ty u, kh trng,...
IV. Ting n
-Hat ng h thng thng gi, iu ha trung tm
-Hot ng GTVT

3.5.2 Tc ng n mi trng nc
thun tin cho cng tc tnh ton lng nc pht thi, c quan t vn lp bo co
chia nc thi pht sinh t d n thnh 2 nhm chnh:
1- Nc thi quy c sch
2- Nc thi nhim bn
a) Nc thi quy c sch
Nc thi quy c sch pht sinh trong d n bao gm:
- Ton b nc ma ri trn khun vin cc cng trnh
- Nc lm mt cho my pht in d phng
- Nc ngng t t h thng my iu ha khng kh trung tm
Cc loi nc thi ny theo nguyn tc c th x thng ra ngun tip nhn m khng
cn phi x l. Bn cnh nc ma c coi l sch th nc thi lm mt t my pht in
d phng v nc ngng t t h thng my iu ha khng kh trung tm cng c coi l
sch. Lu lng ca 2 loi nc thi ny khng ng k.
b) Nc thi bn
Ni
100
Nc thi nhim bn trong khu vc d n bao gm tt c cc loi nc thi sinh
hot, nc thi t qu trnh dch v nh nc ra xe t, nc v sinh,... c im nc
thi loi ny cha nhiu cht cn b, cc cht hu c ha tan, cc cht dinh dng v c
bit l cc vi trng gy bnh. Nhm nc thi ny phi c x l v kh trng trc khi
a vo ngun tip nhn.
Tnh ton lng nc thi bn
Vi nhu cu s dng l 1.450 m
3
/ngym, gi thit tng lng nc thi bn c
tnh bng 80% lng nc sch s dng, din tch mt sn cn cung cp th hng ngy, d
n phi x l gn 600 m
3
/ngy m.
Ch x nc thi
Ch thi nc ca ton d n khng n nh theo thi gian trong ngy v trong
tun. y l c s thit k h thng thot v x l nc thi. Thng thng, lng nc
c s dng ln nht vo u gi bui tra, khi bt u qu trnh dch v. Ngoi ra, cc
ngy cui tun do lu lng khch n cao hn cc ngy u tun nn nc thi cng s
nhiu hn. H s K
ch
(h s nc thi khng iu ha) ca d n thng ln hn ca khu
dn c vi tiu chun cp nc tng ng t 2 - 3 ln.
Ngun gc gy nhim
Ty theo tng cng ngh dch v thng mi nh nh hng, qun n hay dch v v
sinh. Thnh phn nc thi loi ny bao gm cn l lng (SS), cht dinh dng (N, P), cht
hu c, vi sinh...Ni chung nc thi d n ch l nc thi sinh hot thng thng t cc
cn bit th, nh hng, mt s im vui chi gii tr, khu cung cp dch v
c tr ng nhim n c thi sinh hot
Thnh phn cc cht nhim ch yu trong nc thi sinh hot gm cc cht cn b,
cc cht l lng (SS), cc hp cht hu c (BOD/COD), cc cht dinh dng (N, P) v vi
khun.
Cng trnh x l nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton trn c s nh mc nc cp
theo bng 1.6 (trang 40). Lu lng nc thi ngy cao nht t 585 m
3
/ng.
D n thit k Trm x l nc thi cc b c cng sut 600 m
3
/ng.m, b tr ti
khu t xy dng cng trnh h tng k thut pha Nam khu quy hoch din tch khong
1000m
2
. m bo cnh quan khng gian cy xanh v hn ch din tch t xy dng
trm, xut cng ngh x l bng quy trnh bn hot tnh v cc cng trnh x l cn c
xy ngm. Nc thi sau x l s c x vo h thng thot nc ma khu vc.
- Nc bn t cc cng trnh nh ngh, bit th, cng trnh cng cngsau x l s b
c thot vo cc tuyn cng D300mm dc theo dc ng quy hoch, c su
chn cng ti cc im u t 0,7-1m. Xy dng dc theo cc tuyn ng ni b, dn nc
thi v trm x l.
- Dc theo cc tuyn cng thot nc bn b tr cc ging thm ti v tr thay i tit
din cng, chuyn hng cng, ti im x cc cng trnh no vt bo dng nh k v
sa cha cng, khong cch gia cc ging l 20 - 25m (i vi cng D300mm).
Ti l ng cc cht nhim trong n c thi sinh hot khng qua x l:
Ni
101
Theo tnh ton ca nhiu Quc gia ang pht trin, khi lng cht nhim do mi
ngi hng ngy a vo mi trng (nu khng x l) nh sau:
Bng 3.16 Khi lng cht nhim thi ra hng ngy
TT Cht nhim Khi lng (g/ngi/ngy)
1 BOD
5
60 94
2 COD 105 210
3 SS 70 145
4 Tng N 5 10
5 N-NH
4
3,6 7,2
6 Tng P 0,6 4,5
nh gi mc nhim n c m a chy trn
Vo ma ma, nc ma chy trn qua mt bng d n s cun theo t ct, rc, du
m v cc tp cht ri vi trn mt t xung ngun nc. Nu lng nc ma ny khng -
c qun l tt cng s gy tc ng tiu cc n ngun nc b mt, nc ngm v i
sng thy sinh trong khu vc. c tnh vi lng ma 7,4 mm/h (lng ma ln nht) th
trong 15 pht u, lng nc ma chy trn qua mt bng khong 1.955 m
3
. Nc ma chy
trn s c thot theo dc t nhin ra ngun tip nhn.
c tnh nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma chy trn:
Tng nit: 0,5 - 1,5 mg/l
Phot pho: 0,004 - 0,03 mg/l
Nhu cu oxi ho hc (COD): 10-20 mg/l
Tng cht rn l lng (SS): 10-20 mg/l
So vi cc ngun thi khc, nc ma chy trn kh sch, v vy c th tch ring -
ng nc ma ra khi nc thi v cho thi thng ra mi trng sau khi qua h thng h
ga v song chn rc gi li cc cn rc c kch thc ln.
Cc h ga s cch nhau khong 50 m v c nh k no vt loi b nhng rc r-
i, cn lng. Bn thi c x l theo hng chn lp. Theo thit k xy dng, ng
cng thot nc ma s tch ring khi ngun nc thi sinh hot.
Tc ng ca cc cht nhim ti mi tr ng
*Nhit :
Nhit gi vai tr quan trng i vi cc qu trnh sinh ha din ra trong t nhin.
Nhng thay i v nhit ca nc c th nh hng n nhiu mt ca cht lng nc.
Cc thnh vin lin quan ca cc chui thc n trong h sinh thi nc rt nhy cm vi
nhit . Nhit l mt yu t quan trng quyt nh loi sinh vt no tn ti v pht trin
mt cch u th trong h sinh thi nc. iu ny cng c ngha l nhit nh hng n
s a dng sinh hc, tc v dng phn hy cc hp cht hu c trong nc, nng xy
ha tan (DO) v cui cng l dy chuyn thc n. Theo qui nh th nhit trong nc thi
khng c vt qu 40-45
0
C trc khi thi ra mi trng.
*Du m:
Du m t cc gara khu bit th, khu dch v, khu nh hngkhi x vo ngun n-
c s loang trn mt nc to thnh mng du, mt phn nh ha tan trong nc hoc tn
Ni
102
ti trong nc dng nh tng. Cn cha du khi lng xung h, rch thot s tch t trong
bn y. Du m khng nhng l nhng hp cht hydrocarbon kh phn hy sinh hc, m
cn cha cc cht ph gia c hi nh cc dn sut ca phenol, gy nhim mi trng n-
c, c tc ng tiu cc n i sng thu sinh bao gm c tm c v nh hng ti mc
ch cp nc sinh hot, nui trng thy sn. nhim du gy cn kit xy, dn n gim
kh nng t lm sch ca cc ngun nc do git cht cc sinh vt phiu sinh, sinh vt y
tham gia vo qu trnh t lm sch. Khi hm lng du trong nc cao hn 0,2 mg/l nc c
mi hi khng dng c cho mc ch n ung. Khi hm lng du trong nc 0,1 - 0,5
mg/l s lm gim nng sut v cht lng ca vic nui c. Tiu chun du trong cc ngun
nc nui c khng vt qu 0,05 mg/l, tiu chun xy ha tan l > 4 mg O
2
/l. nhim du
c cha lu hunh cn c th gy cht c nu hm lng Na
2
S trong nc t ti 3 - 4 mg/l.
Mt s loi c nhy cm c th b cht ngay khi hm lng Na
2
S nh hn 1 mg/l.
Ngoi ra, du trong nc s b chuyn ha thnh cc hp cht c hi khc i vi
con ngi v thu sinh nh phenol, cc dn xut clo ca phenol. Tiu chun phenol cho
ngun nc cp cho sinh hot l 0,001 mg/l, ngng chu ng ca c l 10 - 15 mg/l. Kinh
nghim nhiu nc trn th gii cho thy nhim ngun nc do du v cc sn phm phn
hu ca n c th gy tn tht rt ln cho ngnh cp nc, thu sn, du lch v cc ngnh
kinh t quc dn khc.
*Cc cht hu c:
Cc cht hu c ch yu trong nc thi l carbohydrate. y l hp cht d dng b
vi sinh vt phn hu bng c ch s dng xy ho tan trong nc xy ho cc hp cht
hu c. Vic nhim hu c s dn n suy gim nng xy ho tan trong nc do vi
sinh vt s dng xy ho tan phn hy cc cht hu c. Oxy ho tan gim s gy tc hi
nghim trng n ti nguyn thy sinh. Tiu chun cht lng nc nui c FAO quy nh
nng xy ho tan (DO) trong nc phi cao hn 50% gi tr bo ho (tc cao hn 4 mg/l
25
0
C). Theo qui nh th nng BOD
5
trong nc thi c php thi ra ngun cp nc
cho sinh hot l 20-40 mg/l.
*Cht rn l lng:
Cht rn l lng cng l tc nhn gy nh hng tiu cc n ti nguyn thy sinh
ng thi gy tc hi v mt cm quan (tng c ngun nc) v gy bi lng cho ngun
nc m n trc tip thi ra. Theo quy nh th nng cc cht l lng trong nc thi -
c php thi ra ngun cp nc sinh hot l 30-50 mg/l.
*Cc cht dinh dng (N, P):
Cc cht dinh dng gy hin tng ph dng ngun nc, nh hng ti cht l-
ng nc, s sng thy sinh. Theo cc qui nh hin hnh th gi tr tng N ca nc thi
khi thi vo cc ngun cp nc sinh hot phi 30 mg/l v tng P cho php 4 -10 mg/l ty
thuc vo tng lu vc tip nhn.
*Tc hi ca cc loi vi khun gy bnh:
Nc c ln cc loi vi khun gy bnh thng l nguyn nhn ca cc dch bnh th-
ng hn, l, t. Tu iu kin m vi khun c sc chu ng mnh hay yu. Cc ngun n-
c thin nhin thng c mt s loi vi khun thng xuyn sng trong nc hoc mt s
Ni
103
vi khun ca t nhim vo. Coliform l nhm vi khun ng rut hnh que hiu kh hoc
k kh tu tin v c bit l Escherichia Coli (E. Coli). E. coli l mt loi vi khun c nhiu
trong phn ngi, phn ng vt. Ngoi ra, E. Coli cn c tm thy trong mi trng t
v nc b nhim phn. Ch tiu phn tch s lng E.Coli l ch tiu rt quan trng trong n-
c cp.
Qui chun k thut quc gia QCVN 02:2009/BYT v cht lng nc sinh hot ca
B Y t qui nh trong nc sinh hot khng c php c vi khun E.coli hay Coliform
chu nhit, s lng tng Coliform l 50 vikhun/100ml i vi ngun nc tip nhn dng
cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot.
Nc sch trong d n c s dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau nh: lau ra sn
nh, tm ra, v sinh c nhn, chun b thc n, git gi chn mn, ch bin thc n,... nn
nc thi cng c cc thnh phn v tnh cht khc nhau ti mi quy trnh s dng. Nhn
chung, nc thi bn t d n c thnh phn tng t nh nc thi sinh hot, song cha
nhiu cht nhim c trng nh cc vi khun, virus mang bnh, d ly lan v pht tn ra
mi trng: cc vi khun, virus thng gp l: Samonella, Leptospira, Vibrio Cholerae,
Mycobacteruim Tuberculosis,...
Nh vy, nc thi t d n nu khng c x l s lm nhim ngun tip nhn,
ngoi ra, nc thi cn cha nhiu cc vi khun, virus truyn bnh, rt d pht tn v ly lan
ra mi trng, nh hng n sc khe ca cng ng.
Do c qu nhiu cc hp cht cha nit v pht pho cho nn ngun thi ny s b
sung lng ln cc cht dinh dng vo thy vc nhn nc thi. Khi hm lng nit, pht
pho trong nc qu ln, d tha so vi nhu cu s dn n hin tng ph dng c bit l
ti cc thy vc c kh nng t lm sch km nh lu lng nc trao i thp.
S pht trin bng n ca to s lm cho nc tr nn c. To d tha, cht v phn
hy gy nn mi kh chu nh hng trc tip n cc thy sinh vt v mi trng khng
kh xung quanh.
Qu trnh phn hy sinh hc cc cht hu c v to cng s lm gim nng oxy ho
tan trong nc. Khi nng oxy ho tan xung thp, cc loi thy sinh vt s gim. Ti khu
vc c nng oxy ho tan xung qu thp do cc cht hu c phn hy mnh th thng
xy ra qu trnh phn hy k kh lp bn y, pht sinh mi hi thi. y l mi trng
khng thun li cho cc sinh vt sng di nc. Ngc li, nm v vi khun pht trin
mnh nh s phn hy cc cht hu c lm tng hm lng NH
4
+
.
Ngoi ra, s phn hy cc cht hu c cng sinh ra lng ln ion sunpht trong nc.
Trong iu kin him kh, sunpht b phn hy sinh hc gii phng kh hydrosunfua H
2
S.
Kh H
2
S pht sinh mi kh chu v c hi cho con ngi.
Cng vi nhng tc ng do cc yu t ho l ni trn, ngun nc thi cn l phng
tin lan truyn cc vi sinh vt gy bnh. Trong thc t, cc bnh ly lan qua mi trng
nc l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra bnh tt v t vong, nht l cc nc ang pht trin.
Nc thi chung cha cc vi khun gy bnh trc tip xung thy vc th qui m
ly lan rng. Thc t cho thy, lc c h dn xung quanh khu vc ln cn d n ang s
Ni
104
dng ngun nc ao, ging khi lm nc sinh hot. Do , nc thi d n nu khng
c x l trc khi thi ra mi trng s d dng lm nhim khun ngun nc ao, ging
ni trn. y l mt nguy c tim tng gy bnh tt i vi khu vc dn c.
Cc tc ng khc
Ngoi cc c tnh nh va ni trn, nc thi d n cn c mi v tanh, hi kh chu,
mu en, l ni c tr ca gii b. Hm lng cht rn trong nc ln l sn phm ca cc
qu trnh phn hy sinh hc cc cht hu c.
3.5.3 Tc ng n mi trng khng kh
Kh thi giao thng
Hot ng ca ca cc phng tin GTVT ra - vo khu vc d n s pht thi cc kh
c nh: SO
2
, NO
x
, CO, CO
2
, VOC,... do s dng xng, du lm nhin liu cho ng c t
trong. Tuy nhin, khu d n c qui m ln, gn 68,9 ha nn kh thi giao thng pht sinh
mc thp, khng ng k, do pha long vo mi trng...
So snh nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi my pht pht in d phng a ra
trn bng 3.8 (trang 87) vi tiu chun kh thi TCVN 5939 - 2005 p dng cho cc c s
mi (loi B), cho thy hu ht u vt tiu chun. Tuy nhin, my pht in hot ng
khng lin tc, qu trnh xy dng cng nh lc d n i vo hot ng ch yu dng in
li gim chi ph, din tch khng gian ca d n rng nn mc nh hng khng
ng k, ti lng ny thp, nht l khi so snh vi ti lng nhim ca cc phng tin
GTVT.
Cc loi vi khun, virus mang bnh c trong mi trng khng kh
Yu t nh hng n cht lng mi trng khng kh trong qu trnh thc hin
cc hot ng dch v thng mi, vui chi gii tr thng tp trung ng ngi, nht l cc
dp ngh l, cui tun, ngh Tthu ht vi sinh vt s c tr trong nhng mi trng sng
thun li nh rc thi, nc thi... Tuy nhin, do nhiu c ch khc nhau, cc vi khun, vi
rt c kh nng pht tn vo khng kh m thng l bm vo cc ht bi l lng ri di
chuyn di tc ng ca gi.
Trong khng kh, nhiu loi vi khun, siu vi khun, vi rt c kh nng tn ti rt lu
c bit l di iu kin thun li v nhit , m. V d v thi gian tn ti ca mt s
loi vi khun trong khng kh c trnh by trong bng 3.17
Bng 3.17. Thi gian tn ti ca mt s loi vi khun, virus mang bnh
TT Loi vi khun Thi gian
1 Ph cu
4 5 thng
2 Lin cu khun tan huyt
2,5 6 thng
3 T cu vng 3 ngy
4 Trc khun dch hch 8 ngy
5 Trc khun bch cu 30 ngy
6 Trc khun lao 70 ngy
Do thi gian sng trong khng kh tng i di cng vi kh nng di chuyn ca
khng kh nn cc vi sinh vt trong khng kh c th lan truyn v nh hng trong qui m
rng. Thc t cho thy nhiu dch bnh sinh ra do vi khun trong khng kh nh siu vi
Ni
105
khun cm l mt loi in hnh gy ra dch bnh qua ng khng kh. Nhiu bnh khc
cng c th ly lan qua ng khng kh nh si, u ma, quai b. Ngoi ra, c th k n
mt s chng siu vi khun khc trong khng kh nh Khinovirut ECHO 28,11,30;
Andenovirut 1,2,3,5; Andenovirut 3,4,7,12,14; Myxovirut...
Cc loi kh thi khc
Kh thi t cc my iu ha khng kh
Hot ng ca cc my iu ha khng kh s gy ra cc tc ng sau:
- Kh thi ca dn nng my iu ha thi vo mi trng s lm cho nhit mi
trng khng kh bn ngoi tng cao, gy nhim nhit cc b.
- My iu ha c kh nng r r cht ti lnh (kh gas) s gy nhim kh quyn v
tc ng n tng zn.
Kh thi t cc hot ng nu n phc v khch hng ti cc nh hng
Qu trnh nu n cng s pht sinh kh thi. Hot ng nu bp s dng than t ong
hoc kh gas (L.P.G) lm nhin liu cng s pht sinh cc loi kh thi sau: SO
2
, NO
x
, CO,
CO
2
, bi,... Tuy nhin, lng kh thi pht sinh t cc hot ng ny khng nhiu, d dng
khuych tn vo khng kh nu nh c cc bin php thng gi tt.
Gas l sn phm thu c t qu trnh ch bin du, bao gm hn hp ca cc loi
hydrocacbon dng parafin khc nhau, c cng thc chung l C
n
H
2n+2
. Kh gas c th c
hydrocacbon dng olefin hay khng c olefin ph thuc vo phng php ch bin. Sn
phm gas thng mi ch c hn hp Propane/butane (C
3
H
8
/C
4
H
10
) t 30/70 n 50/50 % v
th tch.
Kh gas th lng v hi u khng mu, khng mi. V l do an ton nn kh gas
c pha thm cht to mi d pht hin khi b r r. Kh gas thng mi thng c
pha thm cht to mi Etyl mecaptan v kh ny c mi c trng, hon tan tt trong kh gas,
khng c, khng n mn kim loi v tc bay hi gn vi kh gas.
Kh gas hon ton khng gy c cho ngi, khng gy nhim mi trng. Tuy
nhin hi gas nng hn khng kh, v vy nu r r trong mi trng kn s chim ch ca
khng kh v gy ngt. Kh gas cn l loi nhin liu rt sch do c hm lng lu hunh
thp (<0,02%), khi chy ch to ra kh CO
2
v hi nc. Lng kh c nh SO
2
, H
2
S,
CO...trong qu trnh chy l rt nh, khng gy nh hng n mi trng.
Tham kho c tnh ho l c bn ca kh gas thng mi c nhn nhn tch cc
v mt loi nhin liu sch ang c c th gii s dng trong cng nghip v dn dng.
Bng 3.18: c tnh ho l ca kh gas thng mi
Thng s Propane TM Butane TM
Nhit ti hn (
0
C) 95 150
im si (
0
C) - 45 0
Trng lng ring ca cht lng 0,51 0,575
Trng lng ring ca hi (KK =1) 1,52 2,01
Th tch ring ca hi (m
3
/kg 0
0
C, 760 mmHg) 0,51 0,385
Th tch ca gas/th tch ca cht lng (
0
C) 274 233
p sut hi (kg/cm
2
) 0
0
C 4,7-5,7 1,03-2,0
Ni
106
Khng kh cn t chy (kg/kg nhin liu) 15,6 15,3
Khng kh cn t chy (m
3
/m
3
nhin liu) 23,5 30,0
CO
2
trn l thuyt (% sn phm t chy kh) 13,9 14,1
[Ngun: nhim khng kh v x l kh thi - GS,TS Trn Ngc Chn-NXB KH&KT]
Kh thi t h thng x l nc thi tp trung, ni lu gi rc thi
Khu vc lu gi CTR v h thng x l nc thi cng s pht sinh kh thi do qu
trnh t phn phn hu rc thi hoc hot ng ca cc vi sinh vt ym kh. Cc kh thi ch
yu l H
2
S, CH
4
,... c mi hi thi, gy nhim ti khu vc nu nh khng c cc bin php
qun l CTR hp l. Ngoi ra, cc hot ng v sinh c nhn ca cn b, cng nhn vin ca
D n cng lm pht sinh cc loi kh thi gy hi thi. Tuy nhin, lng kh thi ny pht
sinh nh, khng ng k.
Tc nhn ting n
Khi d n i vo hot ng, ting n ch pht sinh t cc hot ng GTVT, h thng
thng gi, iu ha khng kh v my pht in d phng. Nhn chung, ting n trong khu
vc thng thp, ch ring hot ng ca my pht in d phng l tng i cao (khong
75 dB), cn phi cch ly trnh nh hng n cc hot ng khc ca khu vc dch v.
3.5.4 Tc ng do rc thi rn
Cht thi rn c thnh phn nh: cht hu c, giy cc loi, nylon, nha, kim loi,
cc vt dng sinh hot hng ngy b hng... t cc khu bit th hay cc loi cht thi rn t
khu dch v khi thi vo mi trng m khng c bin php x l thch hp s gy ra nhiu
tc hi cho mi trng sng, khu vc tp trung cht thi rn s l ni pht trin ca cc
ng vt gm nhm, rui mui, qu trnh t phn hy gy mi x u, nh hng ti cnh
quan khu vc...
Cht thi rn sinh hot nh thc n tha, pin, giy, nylon... khi thi vo mi trng
khng phn hy hay phn hy lm nhim ngun nc, gy hi cho h vi sinh vt t, cc
sinh vt thy sinh trong nc hay to iu kin cho vi khun c hi pht trin l nguyn
nhn ca cc dch bnh.
Trong cht thi rn dch v c cha du, b du, cc kim loi nng, cc hp cht hu
c, v c c hi, cc cht dinh dng (N, P)... khi thi ra mi trng m khng c bin
php x l thch hp s ph hy h sinh thi t, nc...
3.5.5 Tc ng n h sinh thi
Nhng tc ng tiu cc n h sinh thi khi ngun thi chung ca d n khng c
x l thch hp. Do c tnh ho hc ca n, nc thi c kh nng gy nn hin tng ph
dng ti cc thy vc nhn nc thi v l phng tin ly truyn bnh tt cho h sinh thi
ng vt.
c trng ca ngun nc thi l cha hm lng ln cc cht dinh dng nh
cp trong phn trn, do , n s b sung mt lng ng k nit v pht pho vo thy vc
nhn nc thi thm ch vt mc cn thit. Nu thy vc nhn nc thi l ni canh tc
nng nghip, cy trng s pht trin bt bnh thng, nng sut gim. Mt v d cho trng
hp ny l cy la: v c b sung qu nhiu dinh dng, cy la s pht trin nhanh hn
Ni
107
bnh thng, c nhiu l nhng t bng (cn gi l hin tng la b lp). Nhiu ging c
cng pht trin rt nhanh, cnh tranh vi cy la v do gim nng sut la.
Nu tip tc phi nhn ngun thi ny, lng nit v c bit l pht pho tr nn d
tha so vi nhu cu s dn n s pht trin bng n, khng th kim sot c ca cc loi
to nh to lc, to lam bi v pht pho ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong qu trnh pht
trin ca to. Hin tng ny gi l ph dng. Hin tng ph dng s hnh thnh nhanh
hn trong ma kh khi lu lng nc trao i ti thu vc thp v do kh nng t lm
sch ca ngun nc km i. Ph dng s gy nn nhng nh hng nghim trng i vi
h sinh thi di nc. Do s pht trin v phn hy ca to, hm lng xy ho tan trong
nc gim, s lng cc loi c v ng vt y s gim do b cht hoc di di n cc thu
vc c mi trng sng tt hn.
Ngun nc thi cng mang nhiu virut, vi khun gy bnh c bit khun coliform,
t, trng giun, sn... v l mi trng thun li cho cc vi sinh vt ni trn pht trin th kh
nng ly lan bnh sang ng vt l iu khng th trnh khi. Tc ng ny c th xy ra
trn mt din rng v nc l phng tin vn chuyn, lan truyn vi khun rt nhanh.
3.5.6 Tc ng n cc yu t KT-XH
- Do c th ca d n l khu ngh ngi, vui chi gii tr nn trong phm vi d n u
tin trng cy xanh nhm to cnh quan p, thong mt v sch s cho Khu du lch. Ngoi
vic tn dng li rng cy c sn, quy hoch cc khun vin cy xanh, sn vn xung quanh
cc cng trnh xy dng. y l cng trnh vi mc tiu chm sc sc kho cho cng ng
trong chin lc chm sc v bo v sc khe nhn dn ca ng v Nh nc ta ang thc
hin. ng thi nhm phc v nhim v chnh tr, pht trin kinh t, vn ho - x hi ca a
phng v phc v cho s nghip hin i ho t nc.
Khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, H Ni l vng t c nhiu tim nng cho pht
trin kinh t ni chung v cho pht trin du lch ni ring. Tuy nhin, c s h tng v cc
yu t cn thit khc hin ti cha p ng c yu cu. V vy, vic u t xy dng d
n Khu vui chi gii tr - Khu bit th bn v cho thu khu vc ny l ht sc cn thit.
Mt mt, d n s gp phn xy dng c s h tng vng chc phc v cho pht trin du
lch v chun b c s vt cht k thut cho k nim 1000 nm ng - Thng Long - H
Ni. D n cn gp phn thc y v chuyn dch c cu kinh t a phng theo hng ly
dch v du lch lm trng tm, ph hp vi chin lc pht trin kinh t x hi ca thnh
ph H Ni.
3.5.7 S c mi trng
Cc ri ro v s c mi trng c th xy ra khi d n i vo hot ng l chy, n.
Cc s c ni trn s gy nn nhng thit hi v vt cht v thng, vong i vi con ngi.
- S c chy: chy c th sinh ra do chp in, chy thit b, my mc... Ngoi
nhng thit hi v ti sn, vt cht, con ngi, hu qu ca cc m chy s rt nng n nu.
Khi ca m chy c th mang theo nhiu loi ho cht, hi, kh c hi, lm nhim mi
trng khng kh, t, nc, gy nh hng n khu dn c. Kh c cn l yu t gy cn
tr kh nng cu ho, dp tt m chy. S c c th gy thng vong, ng c.
Ni
108
- S c do thin tai: S c ny c th xy ra do ma ln, l lt, bo, v gy ngp
lt... Trn a bn, ma ma l thng din ra trong thng 6 v 7 hng nm vi 7-10 cn
bo. Theo s liu thng k, nm 2009 c 5 cn bo v 3 ln p thp nhit i nh hng n
huyn Sc Sn gy nn nhiu trn ma ln. Lng ma ngy trong ma ma l rt ln (t
80mm n 190mm) lm mc nc cc h ln cao vut bo ng s 3. Khi b ngp lt, cc
ng ph, cu cng, nh ca khu vc ngp lt trong khu vc trng c th b h hi gy,
gy nhim mi trng nc, gy nhim c i vi ngi, ng thc vt...
- S c trm x l nc thi: Khi trm x l nc thi gp s c khng hot ng
hot hot ng khng t hiu qu m nc thi khng qua x l, x thng ra h thng thot
chung ca khu vc s lm nhim ngun tip nhn, nh hng ti mc ch s dng ngun
nc.
3.6 NH GI so snh TC NG CA D N N CC YU T KT-XH V MI
TRNG T NHIN trc v sau khi a d n VO HOT NG
Bng 3.19: Din bin tng hp v mi trng trc v sau khi thc hin d n
Danh
mc
Kinh t - x hi Ti nguyn nh
hng
khc phc
Li Hi Li Hi
K
h
i

s
a
n

l
p

m
t

b
n
g
- C gii ho trong san
nn.
- Thi cng nhanh.
- Trt t
khu vc b
xo trn
- Bi; n;
- St l ng
- Kh thi
- S c mi
trng, ri ro,
tai nn
- Tng
cng
qun l
bo v trt
t tr an
- Qui nh
ch lm
vic
- Trang b
bo h lao
ng,
trng cy
xanh
Ni
109
K
h
i

t
h
i

c
n
g

x
y

l
p

c
c

h
n
g

m
c
- To c s vt cht, c
s h tng cho khu vc.
- Khai thc lao ng ca
a phng
- Tng thu nhp cho cc
n v xy dng
- To ngun tiu th vt
liu xy dng
- To ni mi, khu vui
chi, ngh dng cui
tun cho nhn dn quanh
vng v thnh ph H
Ni, cc tnh ph cn
- nhim
mi trng,
nh hng
ti sc
kho
- C th c
cc t nn
x hi xung
quanh khu
D n thi
cng
- Khai thc
ti nguyn
sn c
+ k
+Xi mng
+Vi
+Gch
+Nhin
liu
-C kh nng
gia tng s c
xe
-S c giao
thng
- nhim mi
trng
+Bi; n; Kh
x
+Cht thi
sinh hot v
cht thi xy
dng
-Tng
cng
bin php
qun l
cc cht
thi rn,
lng kh
-Thi cng
vi thi
gian ngn
-Chp
hnh vn
chuyn
nguyn
liu trong
x tt
K
h
i

k
h
n
g

t
h
c

h
i
n

d
n
Khng b xo trn v
bin ng ln
- Kinh t
chm pht
trin
- Dn tr
thp
- i sng
ca nhn
dn khng
cao
- Hin
tng ln
chim t
ai v mua
bn bt hp
php
- Gi
nguyn
hin trng
ban u
- Gi c
ti nguyn
nc mt
- C mi
trng
sng cho
cc ng
thc vt,
thu sinh
khu vc
Mc
nhim ngun
khng kh
nc, t
phm vi v
qui m nh
c khc
phc bi cc
gii php k
thut v qun
l, mi trng
pht trin bn
vng

Tm li, t nhng tnh ton l thuyt, cc s liu kho st o c thc t ti d n
u t xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v
cng cng, cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni
thuc Khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph
H Ni, tng quan nhn nhn cho thy, cc hot ng kinh doanh, dch v, ngh dng ca
d n gy nhim mi trng khng kh, ting n v bi mc chp nhn c cho khu
vc xung quanh thng qua hot ng hng ngy. Nhng tc ng tiu cc n mi trng
khng kh, mi trng nc, t v sc kho cng ng u mc thp, phm vi nh
hng rt nh. Ch u t, Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni
cam kt thc hin tt cc bin php gim thiu nhim, bin cc tc ng xu thnh cc tc
ng tch cc, gn lin kinh doanh v pht trin bn vng, trnh gy tc ng tiu cc n
mi trng khu vc xung quanh.
3.7 Nhn xt v mc chi tit, tin cy ca cc nh gi
Ni
110
1. Cch- phng php o, ly mu, bo qun, phn tch mu kh:
Cc thng s vi kh hu c xc nh ti hin trng bng cc my o hin s, ly
mu khng kh bng phng php hp th vi cc dung dch thch hp theo cc tiu chun
Vit Nam qui nh: TCVN 5978-1995, TCVN5971-1995, TCVN5972-1995, TCVN 5067
-1995; TCVN 6125-1996; TCVN 7725-2007; TCVN 7726-2007; TCVN 6138-1996
o ting n
Phng php o c c tin hnh theo ng cc quy nh ca tiu chun mi
trng Vit Nam TCVN 5964- 1995 v TCVN 5965-1995, cao quan trc l 1,2m, s
dng thit b o n tch phn RION Integrating Sound Level Meter (Japan).
Bi l lng: Ly mu v cn o theo TCVN 5667-1995.
2. Cch- phng php ly mu, bo qun, phn tch mu nc:
Ly mu nc theo tiu chun Vit Nam qui nh: TCVN5992-1995, TCVN 5993-
1995, TCVN-5994-1995; TCVN 5996-1995; TCVN 6000-1995
+ X l v bo qun mu nc theo TCVN-6663-14:2000, ISO 5667-14:1998.
+ Phn tch cht lng nc ngm theo TCVN 2672-78; TCVN 6200-1996; TCVN
6626-2000; TCVN 6177-1996; TCVN 6222-1996
+ Phn tch cht lng nc mt theo TCVN 5499-1995; TCVN 6491-1999; TCVN
6194 1996; TCVN 6195 1996;TCVN 6178-1996; TCVN 6180-1996; TCVN 6181-1996;
TCVN 5991-1995; TCVN 6002-1995; TCVN 6177-1996; TCVN 6216-1996
+ Phn tch cht lng nc thi theo TCVN 6492-1999; TCVN 6001-1995; TCVN
6625-2000; TCVN 6053-1995 ; TCVN 4567-1988; TCVN 5988-1995; TCVN 6180-1996;
TCVN 6336-1998; TCVN 6622-2000; TCVN 6494-1999; TCVN 6187 (1v 2) :1996;
3. Cc phng php phn tch cht lng t
Cc mu t c ly theo ng tiu chun TCVN 5297-1995.
-pH
KCl
; dng my o
- P
2
O
5
; K
2
O; phn tch bng phng php chun (theo tiu chun ngnh)
- Cc ion kim loi nng: ph mu v em phn tch trn my cc ph - My cc ph
646VA Processor Hng Metrohom (Thu S)
-Thuc bo v thc vt c x l mu, tng hp lm giu v phn tch bng my sc k
kh vi detector ECD, Detector khi ph phn gii thp Model 5975 hoc trn my sc k
lng cao p HPLC1100 vi detector UV-VIS v hunh quang.
Cn b ph trch lp bo co TM d n ny l ngi c nhiu nm (>15 nm) kinh
nghim trong cng tc lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng v thit k, xy dng
cc h thng x l nc thi, kh thi cho nhiu doanh nghip. Nhng ngi tham gia lp
bo co TM l u c trnh i hc tr ln chuyn ngnh mi trng, ho hc phn tch,
sinh thi, cng ngh ho hc. Ngoi ra, cc s liu mi trng nn do Trung tm cng ngh
x l mi trng thuc B Quc phng phn tch trn c s phng th nghim hin i vi
cc thit b phn tch, ly mu ca mng li quan trc Quc gia do B Ti nguyn v Mi
Ni
111
trng qun l. Trung tm cng ngh x l mi trng thuc B Quc phng l c s c
B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cp php hot ng trong lnh vc bo v mi trng.
Trung tm cng ngh x l mi trng, B t lnh Ho hc, B Quc phng l c
quan chu trch nhim ly mu, phn tch cc s liu v mi trng ti D n u t xy
cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni thuc Khu
du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni
t thng 11 nm 2009 s dng cc thit b o nhanh ti hin trng bng cc thit b
hin s, ng thi cng tin hnh hp th cc tc nhn ho hc vo cc dung dch hp th
thch hp theo cc tiu chun Vit Nam qui nh. Bo qun trong cc hm chuyn dng lu
mu, bo qun mu, chuyn ch v phng th nghim ca Trung tm phn tch trn cc
thit b c chnh xc cao. Cc s liu trong bo co l kt qu tng hp ca 2 phng
php ni trn.
Cng ty TNHH cng ngh mi trng v trc a bn Khi Nguyn c thnh
lp t u nm 2006, giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh Cng ty TNHH c hai thnh vin
tr ln s 0102028472 ngy 6 thng 10 nm 2006, ng k thay i ln hai ngy 9 thng 12
nm 2008.
Trung tm cng ngh x l mi trng thuc B Quc phng l c s c B Khoa
hc v Cng ngh cp php hot ng trong lnh vc bo v mi trng theo Giy chng
nhn ng k hot ng khoa hc v cng ngh s A358, k gia hn ngy 12/4/2005, Giy
chng nhn phng phn tch ph hp tiu chun ISO/IEC 17025 : 2005, c cp chng ch
VILAS s 319. Cc kim knh vin ca Trung tm c hc tp, kim tra v cp gia hn th
kim nh vin trong 2 nm/ln ca Tng cc tiu chun, o lng, cht lng.
Cng ty TNHH cng ngh mi trng v trc a bn Khi Nguyn phi hp
cng vi Trung tm cng ngh x l mi trng v ang tham gia t vn lp bo co
TM, bo co hin trng mi trng hng nm cho nhiu nh my, doanh nghip, Cng ty
100% vn nc ngoi trong v ngoi ti cc khu cng nghip trn a bn tnh, ng thi
Trung tm cng ngh x l mi trng l c quan cung cp cc s liu o c, phn tch
phc v vic lp bo co hin trng mi trng hng nm ca B Ti nguyn & Mi trng,
Tng cc mi trng, Chi cc BVMT cc tnh, thnh ph.
Ni
112
Chng 4
bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v
ng ph s c mi trng
4.1 XUT CC BIN PHP GIM THIU NHIM MI TRNG
Gim thiu tc ng ca D n u t xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th
Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni thuc Khu du lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu
vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni n mi trng t nhin bao gm mt h
thng cc bin php, bao gm bin php qun l, kinh t, k thut... v c thc hin
xuyn sut t khu thit k - quy hoch, thi cng xy dng n khi a vo khai thc. Mc
ch ch yu l khng ch nhim t cc ngun thi v hn ch n mc thp nht kh nng
xy ra cc s c mi trng. Vic khng ch v gim thiu nhim do cht thi ca D n
c tin hnh bng cch kt hp 3 bin php sau y:
- Bin php ngn nga nhim v s c,
- Bin php k thut khng ch nhim v x l cht thi,
- Bin php qun l v quan trc mi trng.
Cn c cc tc ng c d bo v tnh ton trong Chng 3, trong phm vi
chng 4 ny s xut c th cc bin php k thut mang tnh kh thi nhm phng trnh,
gim thiu ti mc c th cc tc ng mi trng do vic thc hin D n gy nn. Cc
bin php qun l v quan trc mi trng s c cp trong cc chng tip theo. Vic
xut cc bin php k thut gim thiu nhim phi m bo cc nguyn tc sau:
- Cc bin php gim thiu ph hp vi quy m cng trnh v ngun ti chnh cho
php ca d n.
- Cc bin php BVMT c thc hin trong sut qu trnh thit k, quy hoch, trong
qu trnh thi cng xy dng h tng k thut, cng trnh kin trc v qu trnh hot ng ca
d n.
Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n mi trng ca D n c th hin qua cc
giai on sau:
- Giai on quy hoch - thit k,
- Giai on thi cng xy dng,
- Giai on vn hnh ca d n.
4.2 CC BIN PHP BVMT CN B SUNG VO QUY HOCH, LP D N V THIT K
d n
Do c th ring ca d n cn ngun kinh ph u t ln nn cng tc quy hoch,
thit k ng vai tr v cng quan trng. D n phi c thit k m bo ph hp vi
cng nng s dng.
Cc nguyn tc sau cn thc hin trong giai on quy hoch - thit k:
- Ph hp vi nh hng khng gian ca n Quy hoch chung huyn Sc
Sn v Quy hoch chi tit Khu du lch ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc t l 1/500
Ni
113
c ph duyt. Tn trng cnh quan, a hnh t nhin hin trng, hn ch thay i a
hnh, a mo i rng v mi trng.
- To phong cch kin trc ring cho d n, kt hp gia a hnh cnh quan
thin nhin vi bn sc kin trc c th ca khu vc.
- Thun li phn chia cc khu chc nng, ph hp vi phn k u t trong khu
vc nhng vn m bo t chc khng gian chung ca ton b d n.
4.3 CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG TIU CC TRONG GIAI ON THI
CNG XY DNG
Ch u t D n l Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni
c trch nhim chnh trong vic thc hin cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng
trong qu trnh thi cng d n. Tuy nhin, cc bin php xut sau ch yu do cc nh thu
thi cng trc tip thc thi. Do , Ch u t d n lun c trch nhim yu cu cc nh
thu thi cng nghim tc thc hin v gim st vic thc hin . Cc trch nhim c lin
quan phi c th hin c th trong hp ng xy lp gia Ch u t v cc nh thu thi
cng cc hng mc. Cc bin php BVMT c th trong giai on ny c xut nh sau:
4.3.1 Cc bin php gim thiu trong cng tc GPMB
- Cc t chc, h gia nh, c nhn (gi tt l ngi s dng t) c bi thng v
t v ti sn trn t phi l ngi s dng t hp php, c giy t chng nhn quyn
s dng t theo quy nh ti iu 8 Ngh nh s 197/2004/N-CP ngy 03/12/2004 ca
Chnh ph v bi thng, h tr v ti nh c khi Nh nc thu hi t. Ngi s dng t
khng hp php khi thu hi t khng c bi thng v t v ti sn trn t; trng hp
khng iu kin c bi thng th UBND huyn Sc Sn, Hi ng bi thng, h tr
v ti nh c GPMB cn c vo iu kin c th trnh trnh UBND thnh ph H Ni xem
xt quyt nh h tr.
- Trng hp ngi s dng t c bi thng khi Nh nc thu hi t m cha
thc hin ngha v ti chnh v t ai i vi Nh nc theo quy nh ca php lut th
phi tr i khon tin phi thc hin ngha v ti chnh vo s tin c bi thng, h tr
hon tr ngn sch nh nc.
- Vic bi thng, h tr m bo ng i tng, cng khai, trc tip, thc hin bi
thng mt ln cho ch s dng t v ti sn hp php trn t phi thu hi theo mc gi
c UBND thnh ph H Ni ph duyt.
- Ngi s dng t, c t b thu hi sau khi nhn tin bi thng, h tr GPMB phi
tho d, di chuyn cc cng trnh, vt kin trc, c tn thu cy, hoa mu, ng thi bn
giao li mt bng cho ch d n qun l, s dng theo quy nh (khng c tnh chi ph
tho d cng trnh, cht h cy).
- Thc hin n b i vi cc din tch t b thu hi theo ng cc quy nh ca
Nh nc.
- Tin hnh xy dng, nn cc tuyn mng, knh,... m bo khng nh hng n
sn xut nng nghip ca khu vc xung quanh.
- Thu ht lao ng nng nghip d tha vo D n, c bit u tin cc lao ng trn
40 tui khng c kh nng chuyn i ngh. Cc lnh vc c th thu ht lao ng bao gm:
Ni
114
+ V sinh mi trng,
+ Trng v m cy xanh,
+ Bo v,
+ Cung cp dch v: n ung, cafe, gii kht
4.3.2 Cc cng vic phi hon thnh trc khi khi cng xy dng d n
hn ch n mc thp nht cc tc ng tiu cc n i sng nhn dn xung
quanh, trc khi trin khai thi cng xy dng xy dng, Ch u t phi hon thnh cc
cng vic sau:
- Hon tt n b v GPMB, cng vic ny do Ban GPMB ch tr v trin khai. hn
ch v trnh nhng rc ri trong cng tc n b v GPMB, Ban GPMB cn tin hnh thu
hi t 1 ln cho ton din tch thu hi, cng tc xy dng h tng c th thc hin cun
chiu tng phn, ph hp vi tnh hnh thu ht u t v tng hiu qu u t.
- Thng bo k hoch thi cng, bin php thi cng cho chnh quyn x Ph Linh.
4.3.3 Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh
Cc cng vic phi thc hin trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng nh: San nn, xy
dng h thng thot nc ma, nc thi, cung cp in, ng x ni b, hu nh c
thc hin ngoi tri. Do , cc cht nhim d dng khuych tn vo mi trng khng
kh. Mc d s nhanh chng b ha long nhng cng nn p dng cc bin php che chn
tm thi hn ch s lan ta sang cc khu vc xung quanh, trnh nh hng trc tip n
sc khe cng nhn lao ng.
Cc bin php sau phi p dng gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh trong
giai on thi cng xy dng:
- Xy dng ng cng v cho cng trng, hn ch thp nht s dng cc tuyn
ng dn sinh hin c.
- Gia c cht nn ng ni b trnh pht tn bi t hot ng ca cc phng tin
GTVT.
- Thng xuyn ti nc vo b mt t nhng khu vc thi cng, trn cc tuyn
ng vn chuyn nguyn vt liu gim bi.
- Khng s dng cc phng tin chuyn ch ct, t, qu c nt v khng ch
nguyn vt liu ri qu y, qu ti v bt buc phi c bt che ph trong qu trnh vn
chuyn nguyn vt liu.
- Xe vn chuyn trc khi ra khi cng trng cn phi c ra sch t, ct,... bm
xung quanh trnh pht tn bi ti cc tuyn ng vn chuyn, dn n tnh trng
nhim ton khu vc. Cc v tr bt buc phi lm sch l: Cc bnh xe, gm xe, xung quanh
xe v cc v tr bm bi khc.
- Khuyn khch s dng xe vn chuyn c thng kn. Li ch ca xe thng kn khng
nhng ngn chn kh nng pht tn bi ra mi trng m cn hn ch c tnh trng ch
vt ti trng ca xe.
- Nhanh chng t chc thu dn nguyn vt liu ri vi trong qu trnh vn chuyn.
Ni
115
- Thit lp ng dy nng tip nhn phn nh ca nhn dn v tnh trng nhim
bi v cc phng tin GTVT.
- T chc trng cy xanh ngay trong giai on thi cng san nn.
- Phi hp vi n v qun l giao thng ca huyn lp t cc bin bo hiu nguy
him, hn ch tc , cnh bo cho cc ngi iu khin giao thng phng.
- Cc cng trnh cao tng phi c che chn xung quanh trong qu trnh xy dng
hn ch lan ta bi bng cc tm vi bt li li kn.
4.3.4 Bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc ca ting n
Gim ting n ti ngun
- Kim tra mc n ca phng tin GTVT, thit b v my mc thi cng, nu mc n
ln hn GHCP th phi lp cc thit b gim m.
- Khng s dng cc my mc c mc n qu ln.
- Trnh thi cng vo gi ngh: bui tra, ban m (t 22h - 6h).
Gim ting n trn ng lan truyn
Gim ting n trn ng lan truyn bng bin php trng cc di cy xanh c l um
tm, va m bo trong sch mi trng va c th gim c mt phn s lan truyn ting
n n mi trng xung quanh. Tuy nhin, vic trng cy xanh ngay trong qu trnh thi cng
xy dng s gp nhiu kh khn.
- S dng cc dng c c nhn chng n v.v.. m c s ca nhng bin php ny c
da trn nguyn tc lm suy gim nng lng trong qu trnh lan truyn v sao cho ting
ng khi truyn ti c th con ngi cng nh mi trng xung quanh l mc cho php.
4.3.5 Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng nc
Cc ngun nc thi gy nhim trong giai on thi cng xy dng ch yu: Nc
ma chy trn, nc thi thi cng, nc thi sinh hot v bo v ngun nc di t. Bin
php khng ch nhim mi trng nc c xut bao gm:
Bin php thot nc ma chy trn v nc thi thi cng
- Nc ma t khu trn vt liu c dn vo h thng thu gom ring, x l qua song
chn rc, h ga lng cn trc khi thot vo h thng chung.
- Xy dng h thng thot nc thi cng v vch tuyn phn vng thot nc ma.
Cc tuyn thot nc m bo tiu thot trit , khng gy ng ngp trong sut qu trnh
xy dng v khng gy nh hng n kh nng thot thi ca cc khu vc bn ngoi d n.
- Thng xuyn kim tra, no vt, khi thng khng ph thi xy dng xm nhp
vo ng thot nc gy tc nghn.
- Khng tp trung cc loi nguyn nhin vt liu gn, cnh cc tuyn thot nc
ngn nga tht thot r r vo ng thot nc thi.
- Cc tuyn thot nc ma, nc thi thi cng c thc hin ph hp vi quy hoch
thot nc ca ton d n ni ring cng nh ca ton khu vc x Ph Linh ni chung.
Bin php x l nc thi sinh hot
Cc bin php sau c p dng gim thiu nhim do nc thi sinh hot trong
giai on thi cng xy dng:
Ni
116
- Do trong qu trnh hon thin h tng, ang xy dng Trm x l nc thi tp trung
nn phi b tr cc nh v sinh di ng tm thi (loi 200 - 300 lt) hoc phi xy dng nh
v sinh cng cng vi b t hoi 3 ngn. Nh v sinh cng cng phi cch xa ngun nc s
dng v cng trnh v sinh c xy dng theo ng tiu chun, quy phm cng nh cc
quy nh v sinh ca B Y t v B Xy dng (20 TCN 51-84).
- Cm phng u ba bi.
- Gim thiu lng nc thi bng vic tng cng tuyn dng nhn cng trong khu
vc xy dng, c iu kin t tc n . T chc hp l nhn lc trong cc giai on thi cng
xy dng.
- Phi thng xuyn kim tra, no vt, khng bn t, rc xm nhp vo ng
thot nc thi. ng thot nc thi sinh hot tm thi s c a vo tuyn quy hoch
hay h thng thot nc tu theo tng giai on thc hin xy dng. m bo nguyn tc
khng gy tr ngi, lm mt v sinh cho cc hot ng xy dng ca D n cng nh khng
gy nh hng n h thng thot nc thi chung ca khu vc.
- Nghim cm cng nhn xy dng, phng u ba bi, gy nhim ngun nc v
mt v sinh chung.
Bo v ngun nc ngm
- Xy dng cc tuyn ng cp nc thi cng vi cc van kha, thc hin tit kim
ngun nc s dng. Khng tht thot nc khi thi cng, gy lng ph.
- Tun th cc quy nh, k thut khi x l mng cc cng trnh, khng trnh tnh
trng xm nhp cc cht bn t b mt xung tng nc di t. Cc h mng khng s
dng phi c san lp theo quy nh.
4.3.6 Cc bin php qun l du m thi
gim thiu ti a cc tc ng xu do du m thi pht sinh trong giai on thi
cng xy dng d n, Ch u t s thc hin cc bin php sau:
- Gim thiu ti a vic sa cha xe, my mc cng trnh ti khu vc d n. Nu trong
cng trng c khu vc bo dng phi c b tr h thng thu gom du m thi t qu
trnh bo dng, duy tu thit b c gii.
- Theo kinh nghim ca cc nh thu thi cng th tng khi lng du m pht sinh
khong 100 lt/thng. Do , ti khu vc d n trong giai on thi cng phi c trang b
thng cha du m thi loi 150 - 200 lt.
4.3.7 Cc bin php qun l CTR
- Thc hin tt vic phn loi CTR sinh hot v xy dng trong giai on thi cng xy
dng. Hn ch cc ph thi pht sinh trong thi cng. Tn dng trit cc loi ph liu xy
dng phc v cho chnh hot ng xy dng. Rc thi sinh hot v cc ph liu xy dng s
c tp trung ring bit ti cc bi cha quy nh cch xa cc ngun nc ang s dng v
nh k cc n v c chc nng chuyn n ni quy nh (Cng ty MTT huyn hay i
v sinh thn, xm).
- Xy dng ln tri tm cng vi nh v sinh di ng, h thng cp thot nc tm
thi, trnh tnh trng nc t ng, m bo v sinh mi trng cho cng nhn v cn b.
Lp ni quy v sinh ti cc ln tri, gio dc cng nhn c thc gi gn v sinh v BVMT.
Ni
117
- C thng ng rc sinh hot cho tng ln tri, thu gom v x l rc thi theo ng
quy nh v v sinh mi trng.
- Hp ng vi n v cung cp dch v thu gom v x l CTR.
4.3.8 Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng t
Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh, mi trng nc v kim
sot CTR trnh by trn gp phn ng k vo vic gim thiu nhim mi trng t.
Tuy nhin, mt s bin khc cng phi c p dng nhm gim thiu ti a vic gy
nhim v xi l t do qu trnh thi cng D n nh:
- Vt ht lp bn (khong 300 - 400 mm), trnh tnh trng tn ti trong lng t gy ra
phn hu k kh, cha kim loi nng v thuc bo v thc vt.
- Nghim cm mi hnh vi x cht nhim, cht gy hi xung cc vng trng hoc
s dng san lp mt bng. Chn vt liu san lp thch hp l cc loi cht tr nh ct, t
st.
- Ti cc tuyn ng chuyn ch VLXD v cc khu vc thi cng phi c cc bin
php p b bao, trng c che ph, b tr h thng tiu thot nc v y nhanh tc thi
cng nhm hn ch tnh trng xi mn, st l.
4.3.9 Cc bin php m bo an ton, v sinh lao ng v phng chng s c mi
trng
Cc bin php m bo an ton v v sinh lao ng
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng D n c th xy ra tai nn lao ng, do tt c
cng nhn tham gia trn cng trng u phi c hc tp v cc quy nh v ATVSL v
phi c b phn y t thng trc ti cng trng. Cc cng nhn trc tip thi cng, vn hnh
my mc phi c o to k v l thuyt v thc hnh. Bao gm:
- Cc thit b, my mc phi c kim tra nh k.
- C h thng n chiu sng phc v thi cng cho nhng ni cn lm vic vo ban
m.
- Phi c ro chn, cc bin bo nguy him ti nhng ni c kh nng ri, ng hoc
in git.
- Cung cp y trang, thit b phng h c nhn nh m bo h, gng tay, khu
trang, knh hn... v phi c nhng quy nh nghim ngt v s dng.
- Ln tri tm cho cng nhn phi thong mt, hp v sinh, c nh tm, nh v sinh
y , c trm y t cp pht thuc men v s cu tai nn.
- Che chn nhng khu vc pht sinh bi v dng xe ti nc ti ng v cc
loi vt liu nh trn b tng chng bi...
- Tuyn truyn trn phng tin thng tin i chng ti cc thn, khu dn c ln cn
v tc hi ca: kh c hi, ting n, rung. S dng cc phng tin nh: dng khu
trang, bt chn, nt bng l tai khi phi tip xc vi cc ngun nhim.
Cc bin php phng chng s c mi trng v m bo trt t tr an
- Lp t thit b PCCC theo ng cc tiu chun quy phm (TCVN 2622-95) ti khu
vc c nguy c chy n.
Ni
118
- hn ch n mc thp nht nhng s c xy ra trong hot ng thi cng dn n
s c mi trng, D n s p dng cc gii php k thut cng nh nng cao nng lc qun
l, c th nh sau:
- Lp t thit b an ton cho ng dy ti in v thit b tiu th in (aptomat bo
v ngn mch v ngn mch chm t...).
- nh k kim tra mc tin cy ca cc thit b an ton (bo chy, cha chy,
chng st, aptomat..) v c bin php thay th kp thi.
- ra cc ni quy lao ng, hng dn c th v vn hnh, an ton cho my mc,
thit b. ng thi kim tra cht ch v c bin php x l i vi cc c nhn vi phm.
- Trong khu vc cng trng cn c ngi bo v thng xuyn ngn nga v gii
quyt cc vn nh: trm cp, tai nn giao thng, tranh chp...
- Tun tra thng xuyn, c nhng quy nh nghim cm t nn x hi ti khu vc ln
tri.
4.3.10 Cc bin php khc
- Ch d n v cc nh thu thi cng phi tm dng tt c cc hot ng xy dng
ngay lp tc nu tm thy bt k ti sn kho st hoc ti sn vn ha (tm thy tnh c) trong
lng t. C cc bin php bo v thch hp hin trng, ng thi thng bo ngay cho c
quan QLNN v vn ha hoc chnh quyn a phng. Ch sau khi c kt lun chnh thc
ca c quan vn ha ng cho tip tc thi cng th d n mi c tip tc thi cng xy
dng.
- m bo trch nhim v ngha v ca cc nh thu xy dng trong vic BVMT trong
giai on thi cng xy dng d n.
- Nhng bin php gim thiu s c a vo nhng ti liu chnh thc cho cc nh
thu thi cng v cui cng vo hp ng xy dng, cc ti liu ny s l nhng yu cu bt
buc cho cc nh thu khi tin hnh thi cng xy dng.
4.3.11 Phng n x l bn hu c
Lp bn c c no vt trc khi san nn bng ct en s c x l bng php php
sau:
- Lt v phi bn nhm lm gim m trong bn,
- Vn chuyn bng xe ti c thng kn n v tr cho php. Bn hu c c th s dng
lm vt liu san lp i vi cc cng trnh khng yu cu m nn cao nh: cng vin,
sn bi,
Trc khi tin hnh b lp bn hu c, ch d n hoc n v thi cng phi xin
php chnh quyn a phng ni tip nhn v cc c quan chc nng c lin quan v
phng n vn chuyn, b vi cc thi gian c th. Nghim cm ba bi hoc ti cc
ni khng c php.
4.4 CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG TIU CC TI MI TRNG T NHIN
KHI D N I VO HOT NG
4.4.1 Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh
Gim thiu bi, kh thi t cc phng tin GTVT
Ni
119
- Khuyn khch v vn ng mi ngi sinh hot trong d n s dng phng tin
giao thng cng cng, hn ch vic s dng phng tin giao thng c nhn.
- xut cc bin php qun l giao thng trong khun vin: b tr cc bi gi xe hp
l cho tng khu, cm cc phng tin GTVT khng iu kin hot ng trong khu d
n...
- Hai bn ng ni b u c trng cy xanh.
- Va h rng v khong cch t cc khu nh n cc lung xe chy ln.
- T chc phun nc ra ng nh k hng ngy.
Gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh t cc hot ng dch v
- Trong thit k kin trc, ti cc khu vc bp nh hng u c b tr h thng thng
gi ht t nhin (hoc cng bc) trong cc hnh lang k thut.
- Hn ch ti a cc ngun gy nhim mi nh: cng phi c np, nghim cm
phng u v vt rc thi ba bi, rc ng gi v ng ni quy nh...
- Tng cng trng v chm sc cy xanh, pht ng cc phong tro trng cy xanh
trong d n, khu bit th, khu dch v cng cng.
- Cm ht thuc trong d n
- Sau khi dn thm hay nh vc ni, sn c hay kt cu nh phi c bin php
thng thong phng cn thn.
- Cc my vn phng cn ch thng thong.
- S dng cc loi x phng, nc ty ra v cc loi thuc xt cha t cc cht c hi
trong cng tc v sinh.
- Cc khu dch v phi c bin php thu ht mi, hi thc n,tuyt i khng lm
nh hng hot ng chung.
4.4.2 Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng nc
Mng li cp nc
- S dng ngun nc cp t Cng ty Kinh doanh nc sch s 2, khng t khai
thc nc di t cho hot ng sau ny ca d n. Nu d n ca Cng ty Kinh doanh
nc sch s 2 cha cung cp c nc sch cho d n theo tin th d n s tin hnh
lp h s xin khai thc ngun nc ngm cho hot ng d n.
- Mng li cp nc phi bao gm h thng b cha, trm bm, mng li ng
ng cp nc, h thng b mi cho tng khu nh. Nc sau khi c tp trung ti b cha
ca cm khu nh, cm cng trnh c bm cp ln h thng b mi ca cc khi nh
phc v cho sinh hot v hot ng dch v. Ngoi h thng mng li ng ng sinh hot
cn c h thng ng ng cp nc phc v cu ha. H thng ny bao gm bm cp t
b cha, mng li ng ng v cc tr cu ha.
- Mng li ng ng cp nc c t chm di t. ng knh ng cp nc
vo mi khu nh ti thiu l 20 vi vn tc trung bnh 1 - 2 m/s.
- Mng li ng ng cp nc cha chy c thit k bao gm cc ng c ng
knh 100 vi lu lng 10 l/s, p lc t do ti u vi m bo 10 m. Cc tr cu ha
Ni
120
Nc thi sau x l t
TCVN 5945 2005 (Loi B)
c t vi khong cch t 50 n 100 m m bo bo cp nc cha chy khi c ha
hon xy ra.
- Tnh ton lng nc d tr PCCC nh sau:
Q
CH
= q
CC
T = 36 3 = 108 (m
3
)
Trong : + q = 10(l/s) = 36(m
3
/h): Yu cu cp nc cha chy.
+ T = 3h: Thi gian cp nc cha chy.
- Tnh ton trm bm, b cha ca d n nh sau:
+ Bm cu ha gm 2 my bm (1 hot ng, 1 d phng). c tnh k thut
ca my bm nh sau: Q = 36(m
3
/h) ; H = 65 (m) ; N = 2,4 (KW)
+ Bm nc sinh hot gm 3 my bm (2 hot ng, 1 d phng). c tnh k
thut ca my bm nh sau: Q = 30 (m
3
/h) ; H = 52 (m) ; N =1,8 (KW)
+ Nguyn l hot ng: Khi cp nc cho sinh hot s dng 2 bm vi 2 ln
hot ng trong ngy, mi ln 2 h. Khi c chy s dng 1 bm cha chy.
+ B cha: Xy mt b cha c th tch 500 m
3
trong 400 m
3
s dng cho cp
nc sinh hot v cc nhu cu khc, 100 m
3
d tr cho nc cu ha.
Mng li thot nc v x l nc thi
a) Mng li thot nc thi
- H thng thot nc thi l h thng thot nc ring, c lp vi h thng
thot nc ma. H thng thot nc thi bao gm mng li cng thot nc, cc ga thu
v trm x l nc thi tp trung, cng sut 600 m
3
/ng.
- Thit k ng cng theo nguyn tc t chy, mng li cng thot nc l cc cng b
tng D300, c thit k vi ch t chy c dc nh nht l 0,0015, v vn tc t
chy ti thiu l 0,7(m/s). Cc h ga c t ti cc im thay i dng chy hay ti nhng
v tr d tnh thu nc nc thi ra. Nc bn t cc cng trnh nh bit th, cng trnh dch
v cng cngsau x l s b c thot vo cc tuyn cng D300mm dc theo dc
ng quy hoch, c su chn cng ti cc im u t 0,7-1m. Xy dng dc theo cc
tuyn ng ni b, dn nc thi v trm x l.
- Dc theo cc tuyn cng thot nc bn b tr cc ging thm ti v tr thay i tit
din cng, chuyn hng cng, ti im x cc cng trnh no vt bo dng nh k v
sa cha cng, khong cch gia cc ging l 20 - 25m (i vi cng D300mm).
b) Trm x l nc thi tp trung
Nc thi sinh hot c nng cht bn ln: x, tiu... c x l lm sch cc b
bng b t hoi trc khi cng vi cc ngun nc thi khc nh: tm, ra, git, nc thi
khu dch v, nh hng... a vo cc tuyn thot nc v v trm thu gom v x l tp trung.
Trm x l nc thi vi cng sut tng ng vi nhu cu s dng nc d n l 600
m
3
/ngy m v din tch d kin l 1.000 m
2
.
Cc ngun nc chy trn
Nh phn trn trnh by, lng nc ma thng ko theo bi bm, cc cht bn t
mi nh, sn bi, ng ni b xung sn, ng ni b.
Ni
121
Nc thi sau x l t
TCVN 5945 2005 (Loi B)
Song chn rc c dng gi rc v cc tp cht rn kch thc ln trong nc
thi. Song chn rc c nh t trn ng dn nc thi vo b ngm, cu to song chn rc
gm cc thanh kim loi hnh ch nht, hnh trn hay hnh elip. Khong cch gia cc thanh
t 16-20mm ph thuc vo v tr song chn rc.
Hnh 4.1: S song chn rc, vt rc th cng bng tay
Nc chy trn hay nc ma i qua song chn rc ny s chy vo cng thot
chung vo h thng x l. Khi dn v sinh thng nht, nhn vin v sinh s dng dng c
vi rc t cc song chn ln ng dn nc thi lun thng sut.
Hnh 4.2: S cng ngh x l nc thi
Hiu qu ca h thng x l
Ni
122
Nc thi chung
Nc thi sau x l t
TCVN 5945 2005 (Loi B)
Ngn hiu kh
Ngn hiu kh
Song chn rc/ B iu ho
Song chn rc/ B iu ho
Ngn lng
Ngn lng
H cp N, P
H cp N, P
Bm
Bm
My thi kh
My thi kh
B cha bn
B cha bn
Bm
Bm
n v thu gom
n v thu gom
Ngn kh trng
Ngn kh trng
Kh
Kh
Ho cht
Ho cht
Bn
Bn
Bm bn tun hon
Bm bn tun hon
Ho cht kh trng
Ho cht kh trng
Nng cc thng s ca nc thi sau khi x l bng h thng thu gom, x l ni
trn s t TCVN 5945 loi B v QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT - Qui chun k thut quc gia v
nc thi sinh hot.
4.4.3 Bin php qun l rc thi, cht thi rn
D n u t xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I
Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni qun l v thu gom cht thi theo Ngh nh 59/2007/N-CP
ngy 9 thng 4 nm 2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph.
Cn c TCVN 6705-2000 v TCVN 6706-2000 v phn loi v cht thi rn khng
nguy hi v cht thi rn nguy hi, Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26 thng 12
nm 2006 v ban hnh danh mc cht thi nguy hi, Cng ty ch u t a ra phng n
thu gom cht thi rn pht sinh hng ngy sau phn loi.
- Cht thi sinh hot: vo thng rc chung, rc theo lch ca n v v sinh ca
x, thn. i vi cht thi thng thng: K hp ng vi Cng ty MTT H Ni vn
chuyn v x l ti bi rc tp trung ca thnh ph H Ni. Trong quy hoch n nm 2020,
rc thi ca thnh ph s c x l ti 2 v tr sau:
+ Bi chn lp CTR hp v sinh ti huyn Chng M, thnh ph H Ni, din tch 20 ha.
+ Khu lin hp x l CTR lin vng H Ni - H Ty - Ha Bnh ti x Tin Sn, huyn
Lng Sn, Ha Bnh, din tch quy hoch l 200 ha.
Hin ti vn thi ti Khu lin hp x l rc thi sinh hot Nam Sn, Sc Sn, thnh
ph H Ni.
- Cht thi nguy hi nh d lau dnh du m (pht thi t cng on sa cha my
mc), du m bo dng t, xe my ti cc gara, khu dch vc thu gom theo Thng
t 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B Ti nguyn Mi trng v
hng dn th tc h s, ng k, cp php qun l CTNH, la chn n v c iu kin
x l theo tiu chun.
4.4.4 Bin php phng chng chy n
Trong cng tc PCCC, vic pht hin sm, chnh xc s c chy n l iu kin kin
quyt gip vic phng nga, hn ch tn tht do ho hon gy ra. Vic pht hin sm v
chnh xc v chy, c th dp tt m chy mt cch chc chn v d dng bi cc phng
tin cha chy ti ch, bo chy t ng l phng php tt nht gip con ngi thc hin
c tng ca mnh.
Thng qua h thng n, ci, chung v bng ch th vng xy ra chy, h thng bo
chy t ng s pht bo tnh trng c chy bit v x l kp thi, ng n, hn ch
c tn tht do ho hon gy ra. V chc nng ny nn h thng bo chy t ng i hi
nhng yu cu rt cao. Cc gii php PCCC c xut:
a) Gii php k thut chung
- H thng bo chy phi pht hin nhanh chng, chnh xc, kp thi khi c chy xy
ra nh kh nng thng bo a ch c th v ngay lp tc vng xy ra chy ca t bo chy.
Ni
123
- Tng din tch t l 68,9ha v vy khng th trang b thit b bo chy cho ton b
din tch sn xy dng. Gii php ti u l gii php kinh t k thut. tha mn yu cu
ny, la chn gii php cc u bo chy c b tr ti cc khu vc cha cc vt liu d
chy, phng t cc thit b in cng sut ln, cc khu vc nh kho, vn phng, trm in,
khu dch v ng ngi...
- T trung tm bo chy c s lng knh tng ng vi cc vng quan st chy,
thng bo cc s c ca h thng trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng. Hin th cc thng
tin c bn v h thng. C kh nng chng nhiu tt, loi b cc tn hiu khng mong mun
xut hin nh bo ng gi... Khng b t lit ton b hay mt phn do chy gy nn trc
khi pht tn hiu bo chy.
- Trang thit b phi tin tin lm vic nhiu nm khng b lc hu.
b) H thng bo chy t ng
Tn hiu bo chy c a v t bo chy t ti tng 1 hoc phng thng trc
ca t cm cng trnh, cm dch v hay phng bo v ca d n. T bo chy c kh nng
t ng quay s in thoi n c quan phng chng chy.
- u bo khi: Cc u bo khi c b tr ti phng khng t n pht sinh khi,
ngoi tr khi c chy. u bo khi s pht hin chnh xc s xy ra chy ngay c khi n ch
l s chy m . Sn phm ban u ca s chy l khi, ch khi v chy xy ra ln mi pht
sinh nhit cao. Do vy vic s dng u bo khi s pht hin sm nht v chy xy ra.
u bo khi c lp trn trn, khong cch gia cc u bo 9m.
- Hp nt n bo chy khn cp: Hp nt n bo chy khn cp c lp t trn
hnh lang gn cc ca ra vo, nhng v tr thun tin khi mi bt u xy ra chy m
cc cm bin bo chy cha kh nng pht hin (nh nhit cn thp, khi cn t...) con
ngi pht hin c, c th tc ng pht bo tnh trng ho hon. Hp nt c t cch
sn 1,5 m.
- Chung bo ng chy: c lp cch trn 200 mm cc v tr m s cng hng
m hc l cao nht v gn ni cc nhn vin lm vic hoc sinh hot, m bo khi pht ra
m thanh bo ng mi ngi trong khu vc c th nghe thy r nht.
- Cp tn hiu cho h thng bo chy: S dng dy tn hiu PVC 4 x 1 mm
2
. Dy tn
hiu lun trong ng ghen t chm trong tng v trn mng cp. S dng cp tn hiu 20 x
1 mm
2
t tiu chun IEC 331 v IEC 332 v tr khng ca dy dn s dng trong h thng
bo ng chy.
- Trung tm bo chy: phn nh r khu vc xy chy, t trung tm bo chy cn
c s lng cc knh bo chy tng ng vi s u bo chy lp t cc khu vc ring
bit ca cng trnh. T trung tm ny c t ti phng bo v hoc phng thng trc,
lun c ngi trc 24/24 gi.
- Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng bo chy t ng: Dng h thng cc u bo
khi hp bo chy khn cp pht hin sm, chnh xc cc v chy chuyn thnh tn hiu
in a v t trung tm, thng bo ra loa, chung, n tnh trng c chy v a ch ni xy
ra chy, bo ng cho mi ngi bit c bin php x l cn thit. H thng cn c chc
nng t ng kim tra cc tn hiu nhiu, loi tr cc bo ng gi khng mong mun xy
Ni
124
ra, bo ng cc li ca h thng nh mt ngun in chnh, mt ngun in d phng, t
dy tn hiu... Ngoi ra h thng cn c th gi cc tn hiu iu khin khc theo yu cu
nh tn hiu iu khin h thng cha chy t ng.
4.4.5 Phng chng v khc phc s c h hng trm x l nc thi tp trung
hn ch s c trm x l nc thi tp trung, ch d n thc hin cc bin php:
- Nhn chuyn giao v o to nhn lc vn hnh trm x l nc thi theo hng
dn ca nh cung cp thit b.
- Vn hnh trm x l nc thi theo ng quy trnh k thut.
- Thng xuyn bo dng, thay th cc thit b
- Lun d tr cc thit b c nguy c hng cao nh: cc my bm, phao, van, thit b
sc kh, cnh khuy v cc thit b chuyn ng khc,... kp thi thay th khi hng hc.
- Quan trc cht lng nc thi u ra ca Trm x l thng xuyn sm pht
hin cc s c.
- Cc ha cht s dng phi tun theo s hng dn ca nh sn xut.
- Trong trng hp xy ra s c ti trm x l nc thi tp trung, phi p dng bin
php nht nc thi ti h iu ha. Nhanh chng khc phc trm x l nc thi m
bo nc thi khng qua x l, thi ra ngun tip nhn l t nht.
4.4.6 Bin php m bo cho cuc sng ngi dn b mt t thc hin d n
Nh phn tch trong cc phn trn, khi thc hin D n u t xy dng Khu vui
chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th
h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni thuc Khu du lch vn
ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni s phi thu hi
nhiu t lm nghip v t nng nghip, tc ng n cuc sng nhn dn ca x Ph Linh.
Cng tc GPMB do Ban GPMB ch tr thc hin song cng cn s phi hp cht ch ca
Ch u t l Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni, cc bin
php xut nh sau:
- V tin n b v ph GPMB: Thc hin theo ng Lut t ai v cc quy nh hin
hnh khc.
- Thng tin bn giao mt bng sm cho cc h dn: D n s c phng n
thng tin cho cc h gia nh bn giao mt bng trc hoc ng tin .
- H tr a phng: Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni
cam kt s h tr x c lin quan xy dng c s h tng, khm cha bnh min ph,v
cc bin php h tr khc nhm ci thin cuc sng ca nhn dn a phng cng nh tng
cng mi quan h vi cng ng. Chng trnh c th s c cc bn thng nht sau khi
thu thp c y thng tin cn thit t pha a phng v cn i ngn sch ca d
n.
- H tr vic lm cho ngi dn b thu hi t: D n s tip nhn lao ng a
phng vo lm vic ti t bo v, VSMT, dch v,... trong d n.
- Vn thu ht lao ng a phng trong d n cn u tin, vn gii quyt lao
ng di d sau thu hi t phi c s h tr v quan tm ca cc cp chnh quyn huyn
ni ring v thnh ph H Ni ni chung.
Ni
125
Ni
126
Chng 5
chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng
5.1 CHNG TRNH qun l MI TRNG
5.1.1 Chng trnh qun l, gio dc mi trng
GDMT nhm lm cho ngi lao ng c thc BVMT, nhn thc c mi trng
sng v lm vic cn c bo v trc ht v sc kho ca chnh bn thn ngi trc tip
lao ng, ngi dn sng trong d n v cng ng x hi.
Cng tc gio dc mi trng s c thc hin theo cc ni dung nh sau:
- Ch u t d n s t chc hi tho, m cc lp tp hun hoc tuyn truyn bng
cc phng tin truyn thng mi ngi, t ngi dn sng trong d n n nhng ngi
lao ng lm phc v nm c ni dung c bn ca Lut BVMT v chp hnh lut.
Chng trnh gio dc s ch trng vo vic trang b nhng kin thc c bn cho ch th
sng v sinh hot ti d n, qua con ngi c thc bo v mi trng hn. Mt trong
nhng hnh ng c th l gio dc thc tit kim, s dng hp l v c hiu qu cc
ngun ti nguyn thin nhin nh nguyn liu, nng lng, nc, t ai... nng cao thc
v sinh mi trng trong v ngoi khu vc cm cng trnh mnh ang sng, thc hin
thng xuyn cc chng trnh v sinh, qun l cc cht thi.
- Ch u t d n s phi hp vi cc cp chnh quyn s ti tch cc n c v
gio dc ngi dn v nhn vin phc v thc hin cc quy nh v an ton lao ng, phng
chng chy n, thc hin vic kim tra sc kho nh k. D n s cng vi cc c quan,
n v v n v khc trong khu vc tham gia tch cc v thc hin cc k hoch hn ch ti
a cc ngun gy nhim, BVMT theo quy nh v hng dn chung ca cc cp chuyn
mn c thm quyn ca thnh ph.
Hnh 5.1 S t chc qun l mi trng d n
- T chc thc hin:
Ni
127
CH U T
Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni
CNG TY T VN THIT
K - QUY HOCH
Ban qun l iu hnh
d n
N V THU
THI CNG XY DNG
G
i
m

s
t

t
h
i
t

k
Q
u
n

l
c
h
T
h
e
o

d
i

t
h
i

c
n
g
Q
u
n

l
i

c
h
n
h
Q
u
n

l
i

t
r
n
g
X
y

d
n
g

n
h

Ban qun l iu hnh d n sau ny chu trch nhim trc tip i vi cc vn
mi trng ny sinh ti d n trc cc cp chnh quyn, trc c quan qun l nh nc v
mi trng cp huyn v thnh ph.
Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni c cn b chuyn
mn ph trch v mi trng gim st v thc hin cc nhim v c lin quan, chu trch
nhim lin h vi cc c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng ti huyn v thnh ph.
Trong trng hp cn thit, Ban qun l iu hnh d n, Cng ty c phn u t
dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni s mi cc chuyn gia t vn v mi trng thc
hin nhim v: gio dc, o to nng cao nng lc qun l cho cn b ph trch v nhn
thc cho ngi lao ng v bo v mi trng v nm c Lut v BVMT thc hin
chng trnh qun l mi trng t hiu qu cao, p ng c mc tiu ra.
- Ch kim tra, gim st v thc hin Lut BVMT: cn b ph trch cn c vo
quy nh ca php lut v cam kt trong bo co v thc hin chng trnh quan trc mi
trng tin hnh nh k chng trnh gim st mi trng ti d n; thc hin cc nhim
v chuyn mn bao gm:
+ Thng xuyn theo di v kim tra vic vn hnh cc h thng x l mi trng
v ln k hoch bo dng h thng;
+ xut cc bin php qun l v gim thiu cht thi mi c tnh kh thi cao hn
v tin hnh cc hp ng cn thit vic x l cht thi bo v mi trng.
+ Ln chng trnh, k hoch t chc tp hun v nng cao nhn thc v mi trng
cho ngi dn v nhn vin lao ng ti d n.
+ Chu trch nhim thc hin cc iu khon khc quy nh trong Lut BVMT, nh:
k khai v np ph nc thi, ng k cp php cc loi giy php v mi trng
- Ch bo co: thc hin ch bo co 2ln/1 nm theo ng quy nh; cn b
ph trch c th mi cc c quan t vn thc hin vic o c, ly mu lp bo co hin
trng mi trng d n gi Phng Ti nguyn v Mi trng huyn Sc Sn, Phng kim
sot nhim Chi cc bo v mi trng thnh ph H Ni. Ni dung bo co gm:
+ Quan trc cht lng cc thnh phn mi trng, nh gi hin trng mi trng
ti d n: cn c theo ch tiu phn tch cht lng cc thnh phn mi trng theo chng
trnh gim st mi trng.
+ nh gi tnh kh thi ca cc bin php gim thiu nhim ang c p dng,v
d: hiu qu x l nc thi ca h thng, kh khn trong vn hnh h thng.
+ Nhng kh khn, vng mc gp phi trong qu trnh thc hin chng trnh qun
l mi trng v cc xut, kin ngh gii quyt,
+ Cc tranh chp, kiu ni, t co v vn mi trng lin quan n d n
+ K hoch qun l mi trng hng nm.
5.1.2 Danh mc cc cng trnh x l mi trng
Nh xut cc bin php khng ch v x l nhim mi trng ti chng 4
ca bo co TM ny, cc cng trnh x l nhim mi trng c trin khai khi thc
Ni
128
hin d n u t xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I
Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni trnh by trong bng 5.1
Bng 5.1: Danh mc cc cng trnh x l nhim mi trng
TT Danh mc cc cng trnh Trch nhim thc hin
I. Giai on thi cng xy dng
Cng ty c phn u t
dch v vui chi gii tr
th thao H Ni v cc
nh thu
1 Trm ra xe ti cng trng
2 Thng thu gom du m, rc thi nguy hi
3 B pht/nh v sinh lu ng
4 Cc cng trnh khc
II. Giai on a d n vo hot ng
Cng ty c phn u t
dch v vui chi gii tr
th thao H Ni v Ban
qun l iu hnh d n
(thnh lp sau khi d n
i vo hot ng)
6 Xy dng h thng thot nc ma
7 Xy dng b pht t hoi 3 ngn ti cc cm cng trnh
8
Xy dng h thng thu gom, x l nc thi tp trung qui
m 600 m
3
/ngym
9 Xy dng h thng PCCC, cnh bo t ng, bn t ng
10 Cc thng cha rc thi thng thng,
11 V tr tp kt, lu gi cht thi nguy hi
12
Trng b sung cy xanh, h nc iu ha v cc cng
trnh khc to cnh quan
5.2 chng trnh gim st mi trng
5.2.1 C s ca chng trnh
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng v hot ng d n, vic quan trc v gim st cht
lng mi trng phi c tin hnh theo ng cc quy nh ti Chng X, Lut Bo v
mi trng v Quan trc v thng tin v mi trng c Quc hi nc CHXHCN Vit
Nam thng qua ngy 29/11/2005 ti k hp th 8, Kha XI (Lut s 52/2005/QH11). Ch
u t, Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni t chc o c, quan
trc, lu gi cc s liu quan trc ti c s, ng thi bo co bng vn bn cho c quan
QLNN v BVMT theo quy nh ca php lut. Cng tc quan trc v gim st cht lng
mi trng trong phm vi d n do Ch u t thc hin. Ch u t s phi hp vi Phng
Ti nguyn v Mi trng huyn Sc Sn, Phng kim sot nhim Chi cc bo v mi
trng thnh ph H Ni thc hin chng trnh gim st v quan trc mi trng.
ngha v tm quan trng ca vic gim st cht lng mi trng
- Gim st cht lng mi trng l nhim v quan trng hng u trong cng tc
QLMT. Gim st cht lng mi trng l qu trnh tng hp cc bin php khoa hc, k
thut, cng ngh v qun l nhm kim sot, theo di mt cch cht ch v c h thng cc
khuynh hng bin i cht lng mi trng.
- Gim st cht lng mi trng c th c nh ngha nh l qu trnh Quan
trc - o c - ghi nhn - phn tch - x l v kim sot mt cch thng xuyn, lin tc cc
thng s cht lng mi trng. Gim st cht lng mi trng l cng c c lc cc
Ni
129
nh qun l, ch u t, cc nh chuyn mn, khoa hc gim st cht ch cc ngun thi,
iu chnh k hoch kinh doanh v gim nh chi ph cho vic khc phc, x l nhim v
BVMT cch hu hin nht pht trin bn vng.
- Vic gim st cht lng mi trng l theo di cc ch th mi trng qua cc
thng s l hc, ha hc v sinh hc. Kt qu ca qu trnh gim st cht lng mi trng
mt cch lin tc, lu di c ngha quan trng khng ch i vi nhng thay i v mi
trng xut cc bin php x l, bo v m cn gp phn nh gi mc chnh xc
ca cc d bo tc ng mi trng c cp trong bo co TM ca d n.
- Vic thit lp h thng cc im quan trc gim st cht lng mi trng cng
nh chng trnh gim st cht lng mi trng ni chung ca khu vc thc hin phi da
vo cc s liu v iu kin t nhin, kh tng, thu vn, a cht thu vn v hin trng
cht lng mi trng ca khu vc.
Mc tiu ca chng trnh gim st cht lng mi trng
Mc tiu ca chng trnh gim st cht lng mi trng l thu thp mt cch lin
tc cc thng tin v s bin i cht lng mi trng bn trong cng nh bn ngoi d n
kp thi pht hin cc tc ng xu n mi trng, trn c s xut cc bin
php ngn nga v gim thiu nhim.
Mt khc, gim st cht lng mi trng nhm m bo cc h thng x l
nhim, c bit l h thng x l nc thi tp trung hot ng c hiu qu, m bo cht
lng nc thi sau khi x l t cc TCVN v QCVN hin hnh.
Cc thng tin thu c trong qu trnh gim st cht lng mi trng phi m bo
c cc thuc tnh di y:
- chnh xc ca s liu: chnh xc ca cc s liu gim st c nh gi
bng kh nng tng ng gia cc s liu v hin thc. S sai lch gia cc s liu v hin
thc cng thp cng tt.
- Tnh c trng ca s liu: S liu thu thp c ti 1 im quan trc phi i din
cho mt khng gian nht nh.
- Tnh ng nht ca s liu: S liu thu thp c ti cc thi im khc nhau ti
nhng im khc nhau phi c th so snh c vi nhau. Kh nng so snh ny c gi l
tnh ng nht ca cc s liu.
- Kh nng theo di lin tc theo thi gian
- Tnh ng b ca s liu: S liu phi bao gm ln v bn thn yu t v cc
yu t khc c lin quan.
Ni dung ca chng trnh gim st
Ni dung ca chng trnh gim st cht lng mi trng khu vc d n bao gm:
- Gim st cht lng mi trng khng kh, ting n trong giai on xy dng v
vn hnh D n.
- Gim st cht lng mi trng nc (nc mt, nc ngm, nc thi) trong giai
on thi cng xy dng v vn hnh D n.
Ni
130
- Kim tra, gim st vic thu gom v x l CTR.
- Kim tra cng tc thc hin cc cng trnh x l mi trng, trng cy xanh
- Kim tra cng tc o to, tp hun v tuyn truyn v BVMT
C s gim st cht lng mi trng
Gim st cht lng mi trng phi da theo cc quy nh ca php lut v cc
iu kin k thut sau y:
- Lut BVMT v cc vn bn php l c lin quan
- Tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN), qui chun QCVN, tiu chun ngnh (TCN) v mi
trng
- Quy trnh khai thc, vn hnh d n theo tiu chun quc t
- Hin trng cht lng mi trng khu vc
- Trang thit b v phng th nghim chu trch nhim chuyn mn gim st nhim
mi trng
- Nhn lc tham gia gim st mi trng.
5.2.2 xut mng li gim st cht lng mi trng giai on thi cng
a) Quan trc, gim st mi trng khng kh
(i). Thng s quan trc
- iu kin vi kh hu (nhit , m, tc gi), ting n, bi l lng TSP; CO ;
SO
2
; NO
2
, H
2
S, tng C
x
H
y

(ii). V tr quan trc
- 6 im trong khu vc cng trng xy dng.
- 4 im ti cc khu vc xung quanh.
(iii). Tn sut thc hin:
- 6 thng/ln (2 ln/nm)
b) Quan trc, gim st mi trng nc
(i). i tng kim tra
- Cc h thng cp nc thi cng v sinh hot
- Cc khu v sinh lu ng
- Cc h thng thot nc thi sinh hot
- Cc h thng thot nc ma v nc thi thi cng
(ii). Ni dung kim tra
- Kim tra s thay i v kch thc, ch dng chy, lng ng, tch t, bin dng
ca h thng thot so vi trc khi c hot ng xy dng. Xc nh cc yu t gy nn s
thay i .
- Kim tra s tn ti v kh nng thot nc ca cc tuyn thot nc sinh hot, nc
ma, nc thi thi cng. Xc nh cc yu t gy cn tr n kh nng thot nc v lm gia
tng nng cht bn trong cc loi nc thi.
Ni
131
- Kim tra iu kin v sinh ti cc khu ln tri, mc tin nghi ca cc khu v sinh
cng cng, cng trnh b t hoi. Xc nh cc yu t lm gim iu kin v sinh ti cc khu
vc .
- Xc nh cc v tr tip nhn, lu gi cc loi nc thi
- Kim tra iu kin v sinh ca cng trnh khai thc nc cp thi cng. Hot ng
khai thc nc v h thng cp nc thi cng. Cc bin php bo v ngun nc ang c
thc hin.
- Ghi nhn v kim tra li cc thng tin phn hi c lin quan n mi trng t khu
vc ln cn v t cng nhn xy dng.
(iii). Tn sut kim tra
- 6 thng/ln (2 ln/nm).
c) Quan trc, gim st cc thnh phn mi trng khc
- Kim tra cng tc qun l CTR
- Kim tra vic mt trng cy xanh v thm c
- Kim tra vic thc hin cc bin php m bo an ton, v sinh lao ng.
d) Cc tiu chun so snh
- Thng t s 16/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 07 thng 10 nm 2009 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng ban hnh Qui chun k thut quc gia v mi trng khng kh xung quanh
(QCVN 05:2009 v QCVN 06:2009)
- Quyt nh s 16/2008/Q-BTNMT ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2008 ca B Ti nguyn
v Mi trng ban hnh Qui chun k thut quc gia v mi trng
- Cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-
BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B trng B TN&MT.
- Thng t s 04/2009/TT-BYT ngy 17 thng 06 nm 2009 ca B Y t ban hnh Qui
chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc n ung (QCVN 01:2009)
- Thng t s 05/2009/TT-BYT ngy 17 thng 06 nm 2009 ca B Y t ban hnh Qui
chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc sinh hot (QCVN 02:2009/BYT)
- Cc tiu chun v sinh lao ng ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT
ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y t v cc tiu chun mi trng lao ng khc c lin
quan.
5.2.3 Quan trc, gim st mi trng khi d n i vo hot ng
a) Quan trc, gim st mi trng khng kh
(i). Thng s quan trc
Cc phng php o c v phn tch mu kim sot cht lng khng kh c c
tin hnh theo cc TCVN tng ng
(ii). V tr gim st
- Trn a bn d n: 16 im (4 im xung quanh, 12 im ti mt s cm cng trnh,
v tr pht thi kh nh ni t my pht in d phng, khu XL nc thi tp trung)
Ni
132
(iii). Tn sut thc hin
- 6 thng/ln (2 ln/nm).
b) Quan trc, gim st mi trng nc (nc mt, nc thi, nc ngm)
(i). V tr kim tra
a/ Nc ngm
Cc ch tiu cn gim st: pH, cn tng s, cng tng cng, nitrat, nitrit, amoni,
clo, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg, As, colifrom, Fecal colifrom
V tr ly mu: 02 mu nc ngm trc v sau x l
b/ Nc mt
Cc ch tiu cn gim st: pH, DO, COD, BOD5, cht rn l lng, nitrat, nitrit,
amoni, sulfat, tng pht pho, tng nit, Coliform, fecal coli.
V tr ly mu: 02 mu nc h (h ng n v khu vc ln cn)
01 mu nc h, ao pha ngoi, ln cn d n
c/ Nc thi
Cc ch tiu cn gim st: pH, cn ho tan, COD, BOD5, d lng thuc BVTV,
mu, cht rn l lng, tng nit, tng photpho, Hg, Pb, As, Cd, colifrom, Fecal colifrom.
V tr ly mu: 02 mu nc thi trc v sau x l
*Mi trng t
Cc ch tiu cn gim st: pH
H2O
; pH
KCl
; m, Al
2
O
3
, Fe
3+
, Mg
2+
, Ca
2+
, P
2
O
5
, tng
mui, d lng thuc BVTV.
V tr ly mu: 1 mu bn ngoi hng ro, 1 mu ti khu x l nc thi
(iii). Tn sut kim tra
- 03 thng/ln cho nm u tin
- 06 thng/ln cho cc nm tip theo.
d) Cc tiu chun so snh
- QCVN05:2009/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut Vit Nam v gi tr gii hn
cc thng s c bn trong khng kh xung quanh (trung bnh 1gi)
- TC 3733/2002/ BYT-Q: Tiu chun B Y t v cht lng khng kh
khu lm vic, kinh doanh
- QCVN06:2009/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut Vit Nam v mt s cht
c hi trong khng kh xung quanh
- Cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT
ngy 18/12/2006 ca B trng B TN&MT.
- Tiu chun Vit Nam v ting n TCVN 5949-1998
- QCVN 01:2009/BYT: Qui chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc n ung
- QCVN 02:2009/BYT: Qui chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc sinh hot
- QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut quc gia v gii hn ti a cho php
hm lng tng s As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn trong t,
Ni
133
ct t s dng cho mc ch thng mi
- QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut quc gia cht lng nc mt
- QCVN 09: 2008: Qui chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc ngm
- QCVN14: 2008/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot
- QCVN15:2008/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut quc gia v d lng
ho cht BVTV trong t
- Tiu chun TCVN 5945-2005 (loi B)
- Cc tiu chun v sinh lao ng ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT ngy
10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y t v cc tiu chun mi trng lao ng khc c lin quan.
Ni
134
Chng 6
Tham vn kin cng ng
6.1 Gii thiu
Vic tham vn cng ng l phn trong nh gi tc ng mi trng c thc hin
theo quy nh ca Lut bo v mi trng 2005. Vic tham vn c Ch u t phi
hp cng c quan t vn v mi trng thc hin vi dn c x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn,
thnh ph H Ni l ni chu tc ng trc tip v gin tip bi vic trin khai d n. Kt
qu tham vn s c s dng trong qu trnh quy hoch, thit k h tng d n.
6.1.1 Mc tiu ca tham vn cng ng
Mc ch tng th ca cng tc tham vn cng ng l hiu c mi quan tm
ca cng ng, chnh quyn a phng v d n, c bit l nhng ngi s b nh hng
trc tip bi vic xy dng v hot ng ca d n. Trn c s ny, nhng mi quan tm
c th c gii quyt hp l trong qu trnh trin khai, lp qui hoch, xy dng d n.
Tham vn cng ng, ph bin thng tin cho nhng ngi b nh hng bi d n t
nhng c quan, n vi hay c nhn tham gia l phn quan trng trong cng tc chun b v
thc hin d n. Tham vn vi nhng ngi b nh hng v m bo cho h tham gia tch
cc s gim kh nng pht sinh mu thun v gim thiu ri ro lm chm tin d n.
Cc mc tiu ca tham vn cng ng gm:
- m bo rng cp c thm quyn a phng cng nh i din nhng ngi
b nh hng s tham gia vo qu trnh lp k hoch v ra quyt nh. Ch d n,
Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni hp tc cht
ch vi UBND x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni trong qu trnh
thc hin d n.
- Chia s ton b thng tin v cc hng mc v hot ng ca d n vi cc yu t
mi trng.
- M t cc nh hng mi trng ca d n, cc bin php gim thiu tc ng
tiu cc khi thc hin d n.
- Lng nghe kin cng ng v mi quan tm ca h i vi d n c bit l
cc tc ng trc tip n cuc sng ca h.
- Mang li c hi by t v xut cc gii php cho nhng ngi c th b tc
ng.
- Ci thin kh nng chp nhn ca cng ng vi cc bin php gim nh.
- Gii quyt cc xung t trong xut t pha cng ng v cc vn v mi
trng, s tr hon trong thc hin k hoch thi cng ca chnh quyn cc cp.
- Hiu c kh khn chnh m ngi dn lu tm v gi tr ca chng.
- Cui cng, sau khi thng qua tham vn cng ng, d n s xin kin ca chnh
a phng v cc gii php b sung v cc vn lin quan, nhn c s tn
thnh d n ca cc cp chnh quyn, to c s cho d n c thc hin tt p.
Ni
135
6.1.2 Phng thc v phng php thc hin
Phng php chnh c p dng bao gm:
- Ph bin thng tin bng cch ti thm v gp g trc tip ti h gia nh.
- Hp cng ng v i thoi cng ng
- Thng qua UBND & MTTQ a phng.
6.2. T chc thc hin
6.2.1 Tham vn cng ng
Ch d n, Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni gi
bo co tm tt ni dung d n, cc yu t mi trng b nh hng v gii php gim thiu
ti cng ng dn c x Ph Linh thng qua UBND & MTTQ x.
6.2.2 Tham vn chnh quyn
Bo co thuyt minh d n v bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n
c ch u t v c quan t vn trnh UBND v UBMTTQ x Ph Linh xem xt v gp
bng vn bn.
6.3 Kt qu tham vn cng ng, kin ca ch u t v yu cu ca kt qu tham vn.
UBND, MTTQ x Ph Linh nhn c cng vn s 01/CV-TM ngy 04 thng 12
nm 2009 ca Cng ty v H s D n u t trong nc mang tn d n u t xy dng
Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm
bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni thuc Khu du
lch vn ho, ngh ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni trn
din tch 68,8563 ha xin kin ng gp cho cng tc bo v mi trng khi thc hin d
n.
Sau khi nghin cu ni dung ca d n, cc ti liu php l lin quan, xem xt cc
tc ng n mi trng t nhin, cc yu t kinh t-x hi cng phng n gim thiu cc
tc ng xu khi trin khai d n, UBND, MTTQ x Ph Linh c mt s kin nh sau:
Ni
136
1. Nht tr hon ton ng h vic trin khai thc hin cc ni dung ca d n theo
Quyt nh s 5154/Q-UBND ca UBND thnh ph H Ni ngy 05/10/2009 v vic Ph
duyt Quy hoch chi tit xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu
[Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th h ng n) thuc khu du lch vn ho, ngh
ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc huyn Sc Sn H Ni, t l 1/500].
2. Ch u t nghim tc tin hnh lp v trnh thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng
mi trng (TM) vi c quan c thm quyn l S Ti nguyn v Mi trng thnh ph
H Ni, trnh UBND thnh ph ra quyt nh ph chun d n trc khi tin hnh ng th
xy dng d n.
3. Ch u t thc hin nghim cc phng n v n b, GPMB c ph duyt
sao cho ph hp vi ngi dn v phong tc tp qun ca a phng, phi tun th qui nh
ca php lut v bo v mi trng (qua cc Lut, Ngh nh, Thng t, hng dn di
lut) hn ch cc tc ng tiu cc ny sinh trong qu trnh thc hin d n, MTTQ x Ph
Linh ngh ch u t thc hin cc cam kt ni dung bo v mi trng, gim thiu tc
ng mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng v khi d n i vo vn hnh nh trong bo
co TM ca d n thm nh, trnh nh hng n cc hot ng sn xut nng nghip,
lm nghip a phng.
5. ngh Ch u t d n to mi iu kin thun li thu ht lao ng a phng
vo lm vic trong khun kh d n, c bit c ch u tin i vi con em cc gia nh
trong din b thu hi t giao cho d n.
Nh vy vi s tham gia tch cc ca lnh o UBND v UBMTTQ ngi dn x
Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, d n u t xy dng khu vui chi gii tr, khu bit th bn
v cho thu ca cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni, nhn
c nhiu kin ng h v ng gp qu bu. Ban Lnh o cng ty cam kt s nghim
tc xem xt, nghin cu cc kin ngh ca chnh quyn a phng v nhn dn x Ph Linh
hon thin bo co DTM cng nh trong qu trnh trin khai d n.
kt lun, kin ngh v Cam kt
1. kt lun
Qua vic kho st, phn tch cc iu kin t nhin, o c v phn tch hin trng mi
trng t nhin v KT-XH khu vc d n, da trn cc kt qu d bo, nh gi tc ng
ca d n n mi trng c th kt lun nh sau:
1- D n u t xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I
Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni do Ch u t, Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr
th thao H Ni c trin khai thc hin trn khu t rng 68,8563ha l mt d n kh thi
theo Quyt nh s 5154/Q-UBND ca UBND thnh ph H Ni ngy 05/10/2009 v vic
Ph duyt Quy hoch chi tit xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu
[Khu I (phn dch v cng cng, cm bit th h ng n) thuc khu du lch vn ho, ngh
ngi cui tun khu vc n Sc huyn Sc Sn H Ni, t l 1/500].
Ni
137
2- D n c trin khai tng bc nng cao cht lng v s lng c s h tng,
ng thi to thm th v lc mi phc v cho pht trin du lch ca th , l mt khu du
lch v vui chi, gii tr c u t vi quy m ln v hon chnh p ng tt nhu cu vui
chi, gii tr v ngh dng ca ngi dn H Ni, ca ngi dn sng cc vng ln cn
H Ni v ca du khch quc t. Vi ngun vn u t ln, ch u t chn la a im
hp l v mc tiu u t r rng, D n c tnh kh thi cao v khi i vo vn hnh s gp
phn vo ci to, gi gn v sinh mi trng, to mt chuyn bin mi trong s nghip gi
gn bn vng mi trng. V tr t d n l hp l v ti u theo tnh ton chi ph-li
nhun.
3- D n c trin khai trn din tch t do UBND thnh ph H Ni ph duyt, qui
hoch ca d n ni chung ph hp vi iu kin kinh t-x hi khu vc (chuyn i c cu
s dng t, chuyn i vic lm,), iu kin t nhin cng nh iu kin mi trng sinh
thi v cc iu kin kh thi v bo v mi trng, ng cu s c c tnh ton v
nghin cu mt cch thu o. D n gp phn gim mt dn c trong khu vc ni thnh
H Ni, to ra cnh quan phc v vui chi gii tr cho nhn dn khu vc, hnh thnh mt
khu vui chi, gii tr v ngh dng mi c quy hoch hon chnh, km theo h thng k
thut h tng hin i, gp phn nng cao cht lng sng cho nhn dn H Ni.
4- Gp phn pht trin dch v du lch, ngh dng hin i, cht lng cao ti huyn
Sc Sn ni ring v ca ton quc ni chung ngy mt tin b hn, hin i hn v c
nhiu ng gp thit thc trong chin lc pht trin du lch Vt Nam.
5- D n hnh thnh to ra cng n vic lm cho nhiu lao ng, kch thch s pht
trin mnh m ca ngnh dch v thng mi khc trong vng, thc y s u t vn ca
cc doanh nghip trong nc v c thm kinh nghim trong u t v m hnh qun l khu
vui chi hin i.
6- Cc bin php xut gim thiu nhim mi trng ca d n trong bo co
TM c nh gi l ph hp v mt khoa hc, thc tin v nng lc ca Ch u t. Ch
u t d n hon ton c nng lc thc hin cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi
trng c xut.
2. KIN NGH
Vi nhng cam kt BVMT v kt lun nu trn cho thy hot ng ca d n u t
xy dng Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu [Khu I (phn dch v cng
cng, cm bit th h ng n)] ti x Ph Linh, huyn Sc Sn, thnh ph H Ni thuc
Ni do Ch u t, Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni c
cc cp cc ngnh ng h v khuyn khch pht trin.
- Tng thm din tch nh dng bit th, nh vn l 74.079m
2
, din tch t cho
dch v cng cng t hn 22.000 m
2
cng cc khu cy xanh, khu h tng k thut, khu cng
vin gii tr ng b.
Ni
138
- em li m quan tng th cho khu vc v thnh ph. Vic u t xy dng d n c
tc ng tch cc n mi trng x hi, nng cao mc sng ca ngi dn khu vc v vng
ln cn. Tuy nhin khi thc hin D n kh trnh khi nhng xo trn x hi ti khu vc
nghin cu v cc vng ln cn. Ch u t s c cc bin php gii quyt hp l khng
ngi dn b thit thi khi n b nh ca t ai v cy hoa mu.
ngh cc c quan chuyn trch v mi trng ca Nh nc ni chung UBND
thnh ph H Ni v S Ti nguyn v Mi trng H Ni ni ring t chc thm nh v
sm cp quyt nh ph duyt bo co TM ca d n d n c trin khai cc cng
vic lin quan tip theo, va hot ng t hiu qu tt, thc hin nghim Lut bo v mi
trng cho pht trin bn vng.
3. CAM KT CHUNG
Cng ty c phn u t dch v vui chi gii tr th thao H Ni cam kt thc hin cc
quy nh hin hnh ca php lut Vit Nam v BVMT trong qu trnh trin khai v thc hin
d n.
- Ch u t cam kt thc hin y cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu ca
d n n mi trng trong giai on quy hoch, giai on lp d n u t v thi cng xy
dng cng nh trong giai on hot ng ca d n theo ni dung trnh by trong
Chng 4.
- Ch u t cam kt s tun th cc phng n quy hoch t l 1/500 c cp
c thm quyn ph duyt.
- Ch u t cam kt hon thnh cc cng vic sau khi bo co TM c ph
duyt v bi thng thit hi t cc s c do hot ng d n.
- Phi hp v h tr vi UBND huyn Sc Sn, Ban GPMB thc hin cng tc bi
thng t ai, hoa mu, GPMB,. theo quy nh ca nh nc.
- Ch u t cam kt s x l ton b nc thi pht sinh hng ngy, tr nc thi
c quy c l sch. Cng sut ca trm x l nc thi l 600 m
3
/ngym. Nc thi sau
x l t TCVN 5945 - 2005, mc B v QCVN14: 2008/BTNMT: Qui chun k thut quc
gia v nc thi sinh hot trc khi x ra h thng thot chung.
- Ch u t d n cam kt qun l v thu gom cht thi theo Ngh nh
59/2007/N-CP ngy 9 thng 4 nm 2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph v Quyt nh s
23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B trng B TN&MT v Ban hnh danh mc
cht thi nguy hi.
- Sau khi c quan chc nng ph duyt bo co TM ca d n, ch u t d n s
nghim tc b sung cc bin php BVMT vo quy hoch chi tit, d n u t xy dng,
thit k k thut thi cng, theo ng cc xut trong bo co TM.
- Cc hot ng ca d n chu s gim st ca c quan chc nng v QLMT ca
UBND thnh ph H Ni, ca S TN&MT thnh ph, Phng TN&MT huyn Sc Sn nhm
m bo pht trin bn vng.
Ni
139
ph lc

Ni
140

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TM DA Khu vui chi gii tr-Khu bit th bn v cho thu-X Ph Linh, H.

Tng Stt = 1.780KVA

2.1.9 Cht lng mi trng t

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