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A.

lu cch tr li trc nghim Phn ng tch nc ca ancol To anken:


CnH2n+1OH
170o
H2SO4 ,c

CnH2n

+ H2O

Sn phm chnh c xc nh theo quy tc Zaixep. Quy tc Zaixep: Nhm -OH u tin tch ra cng vi H cacbon bc cao hn bn cnh to thnh lin kt i C=C mang nhiu nhm ankyl hn. + To ete:

ROH

+ R'OH

140o H2SO4 ,c
140o

ROR' + H2O
C2H5OC2H5
+ H2O

C2H5OH + C2H5OH

H2SO4 ,c

(Vi n loi ancol s to ra

n(n + 1) loi ete, trong c n loi ete i xng) 2

c bit: Ring vi etanol c kh nng tch nc to but-1,3- ien:

2C2H5OH
Phn ng oxi ha:

Al2O3, ZnO 450o

CH2=CH- CH=CH2 + 2H2 + 2H2O

Oxi ha khng hon ton:

Ancol bc I b oxi ha thnh anehit: Cu RCH2OH + O2 RCHO + H2O to Ancol bc II b oxi ha thnh xeton:

R CH

R'

O2

Cu

OH Ancol bc III khng b oxi ha Oxi ha hon ton:

to

R C O

R' + H2O

CnH2n+1OH +
H2SO4,l

3n o O2 t nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 2 CH3

(Sn phm chnh c xc nh theo quy tc Maccpnhicp)

CH2

CH

CH3

+ HOH

CH3 CH OH

(sn phm chnh)

Nhn bit ancol - Phn bit cc ancol c bc khc nhau * un nng vi CuO (hoc t nng trn si dy ng) Ancol bc I b oxi ha thnh anehit (nhn bit sn phm to thnh bng phn ng trng bc). Ancol bc II b oxi ha thnh xeton (sn phm to thnh khng tham gia phn ng trng bc). Ancol bc III khng b oxi ha trong iu kin trn. * Cng c th phn bit cc bc ca ancol bng thuc th Luca l hn hp ca HCl m c v ZnCl2 Ancol bc III s phn ng ngay lp tc to ra dn xut clo khng tan trong nc. Ancol bc II phn ng chm hn, thng phi ch t pht mi to ra dn xut clo. Ancol bc mt khng cho dn xut clo nhit phng.

Ch : Phenol khng tc dng trc tip vi axit hu c nh ancol. Mun iu ch este ca phenol phi dng clorua axit hoc anhirit axit v mt in tch dng nhm C=O ln hn axit v phn ng c thc hin trong mi trng kim V d C6H5OH + (CH3CO)2O

CH3COOC6H5 + CH3COOH

Mt s lu khi gii bi tp 1. ru: l s ml ru nguyn cht c trong 100 ml dung dch ru V d: Trong 100 ml ru 960 c cha 96 ml ru nguyn cht 2. Trong phn ng ete ha ancol n chc cn lu

Vi n loi ancol s to ra

n(n + 1) loi ete, trong c n loi ete i xng 2 1 tng mol cc ancol tham gia phn ng 2

S mol H2O to ra = tng mol ete =

Nu cc ete to ra c s mol bng nhau th cc ancol tham gia phn ng ete ha c s mol nh nhau Ancol no n chc : CnH2n+1OH Ancol no a chc, mch h : CnH2n+2-a(OH)a (ancol bn nu n a)

3. CTPT chung ca ancol

- Ancol khng no ch bn khi -OH lin kt vi C c lin kt n. Nu -OH lin kt vi C khng no (ca lin kt i, ba) th ancol khng bn v b chuyn ha ngay thnh anehit hoc xeton - Trong ancol no, a chc mi nhm -OH ch lin kt trn mi cacbon. Nu nhiu nhm -OH cng lin kt trn mt nguyn t cacbon th phn t ancol t tch nc to thnh anehit, xeton hoc axit. 4. CTTQ ca phenol n chc, gc hirocacbon lin kt vi nhn benzen l gc hirocacbon no : CnH2n-7OH (n 6) 5. Phn bit phenol v ru Phenol c th tan trong dung dch kim to thnh dung dch trong sut. Phenol to kt ta trng (2,4,6-tribromphenol) vi dung dch nc brom. 1. Khi thc hin phn ng tch nc i vi ru (ancol) X, ch thu c mt anken duy nht. Oxi ho hon ton mt lng cht X thu c 5,6 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 5,4 gam nc. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi X? A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. 2. Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C 7H8O2, tc dng c vi Na v vi NaOH. Bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi Na d, s mol H2 thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng v X ch tc dng c vi NaOH theo t l s mol 1:1. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. C6H5CH(OH)2. C. CH3C6H3(OH)2. B. HOC6H4CH2OH. D. CH3OC6H4OH.

3. Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) thu c hn hp Z gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn hp Z sau hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch T trong nng ca NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l (Cho: H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k).

A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. C2H5OH v C4H9OH.

B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. D. C4H9OH v C5H11OH.

4. C bao nhiu ru (ancol) bc 2, no, n chc, mch h l ng phn cu to ca nhau m phn t ca chng c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 68,18%? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. 5. Cho mt hn hp hi metanol v etanol i qua ng cha CuO nung nng, khng c khng kh. Cc sn phm kh v hi sinh ra c dn i qua nhng bnh cha ring r H2SO4 c v KOH. Sau th nghim,thy ng ng CuO gim 80 gam, bnh ng H2SO4 tng 54 gam. Khi lng etanol tham gia phn ng l A. 46 gam B. 15,33 gam C. 23 gam D. 14,67 gam 6. T mt tn khoai cha 20% tinh bt, bng phng php ln men ngi ta iu ch c 100 lt ru etylic tuyt i c khi lng ring l 0,8 g/ml. Hiu sut ca qu trnh phn ng l A. 100 % B. 70% C. 80% D. 75% 7. un mt ancol X vi hn hp (ly d) KBr v H2SO4 c thu c 12,3 gam cht hu c Y. Hiu sut phn ng t 60%. Cht Y cha 29,27% C, 5,69% H v 65,04% mt nguyn t khc. Hi ca 12,3 gam Y ni trn chim mt th tch bng th tch ca 2,8 gam nit trong cng iu kin. Bit khi oxi ha ancol X bi CuO thu c mt anehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l A. CH3-CH2OH v CH3CH2Br B. CH3-CH2-CH2OH v CH3CH2CH2Br C. CH3-CH2-CH2OH v CH3-CHBr-CH3 D. CH2=CH-CH2OH v CH2=CHCH 2Br 8. X l mt ancol no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi, thu c hi nc v 6,6 gam CO2. Cng thc ca X l A. C2H4(OH)2 B. C3H6(OH)2 C. C3H5(OH)3 D. C3H7OH 9. Khi t 0,1 mol cht X (dn xut ca benzen), khi lng CO2 thu c nh hn 35,2 gam. Bit rng 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. HOCH 2C6H4COOH C. C2H5C6H4OH B. C6H4(OH)2 D. C6H4(CH3)OH

10. Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no, n chc X qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t khi i vi hiro l 15,5. Gi tr ca m l A. 0,92 B. 0,46 C. 0,32 D. 0,64 11. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp ancol A v B thuc loi ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng thu c 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc) v 6,3 gam nc. Mt khc oxi ha hon ton hai ancol A v B bng CuO (t0) th thu c mt anehit v mt xeton. A, B ln lt l:

A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. CH3CH2CH2OH v CH3CH2CHOHCH 3 C. C2H5OH v CH3CH2CH2OH D. CH3CHOHCH3 v CH3CH2OH


12. t chy hon ton 3,075g hn hp 2 ancol no, n chc v cho sn phm ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng KOH rn. Tnh khi lng cc bnh

tng ln bit rng nu cho lng ru trn tc dng vi Na d thy bay ra 0,672 lt H2 ktc. A. Bnh 1 tng 3,645g, bnh 2 tng 6,27g B. Bnh 1 tng 6,27g, bnh 2 tng 3,645g C. Bnh 1 tng 3,645g, bnh 2 tng 5,27g D. Bnh 1 tng 3,645g, bnh 2 tng 7,27g 13. Cho 18,0 g hn hp hai ancol gm mt ancol no n chc v mt ancol n chc c mt lin kt i trong phn t c s mol bng nhau tc dng ht vi Na thu c 4,48 lt H2 ktc. Xc nh CTCT hai ancol. A. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH-CH2OH B. CH3CH2CH2OH v CH2=CH-CH2OH C. CH3OH v CH2=CH-CH2OH D. Phng n khc. 14. Cho 15,6 gam hn hp hai ancol (ru) n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi 9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l A. CH3OH v C2H5OH C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH D. C3H5OH v C4H7OH

15. Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol (ru) etylic vi hiu sut 81%. Ton b lng CO2 sinh ra c hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 thu c 550 gam kt ta v dung dch X. un k dung dch X thu thm c 100 gam kt tA. Gi tr ca m l: A. 650 B. 550 C. 810 D. 750 16. Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ha u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l A. 8,10 B. 16,20 C. 6,48 D. 10,12 17. Mt hn hp X gm hai cht thuc dy ng ng phenol A v B hn nhau 1 nhm CH2. t chy ht X thu c 83,6g CO2 v 18g H2O. Tm tng s mol A, B v CTCT ca A, B. A. 0,2 mol;C6H5OH v CH3C6H4OH B. 0,3 mol; C6H5OH v CH3C6H4OH C. 0,2 mol;CH3C6H4OH v C2H5C6H4OH D. 0,3 mol; CH3C6H4OH v C2H5C6H4OH 18 Hn hp X gm ancol metylic v 1 ancol no, n chc A, mch h. Cho 2,76 gam X tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,672l hiro (ktc), mt khc oxi ha hon ton 2,76g X bng CuO (to) thu c hn hp anehit. Cho ton b lng anhit ny tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 19,44g kt tA. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. CH3CH2OH C. CH3CH(CH 3)OH B. CH3CH2CH2OH D. (CH3)2CHCH 2OH

19. Trng hp hon ton 6,25g vinylclorua thu m(g) PVC. S mt xch (-CH2-CHCl-) trong m(g) PVC l: A. 6,02. 1022 C. 6,02. 1023 B. 6,02. 1020 D. 6,02. 1021

20. Cho 3 cht hu c n chc c cng cng thc phn t C 3H8O tc dng vi CuO (toC) thu c hn hp sn phm. Cho hn hp sn phm tc dng vi AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 21,6g Ag. Nu un nng hn hp 3 cht trn vi H2SO4 c nhit 140oC th thu c 34,5g hn hp 4 ete v 4,5 gam H2O. Thnh phn % khi lng ru bc 2 c trong hn hp l: A. 61,53% B. 46,15% C. 30,77% D. 15,38% 21. Cho 7,872 lt kh C2H4 o 27oC; 1 atm hp th nc c xc tc, hiu sut 80% thu c ru X. Ho tan X vo nc thnh 245,3 ml dung dch Y. ru trong dung dch Y l: A. 40 B. 120 C. 60 D. 80 22. Chia mt lng hn hp hai ancol no, n chc thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn 1 em t chy hon ton thu c 2,24 l CO2 (ktc) - Phn 2 em tch nc hon ton thu c hn hp hai anken. t chy hon ton hai anken thu c bao nhiu gam nc? A. 1,2g A. C3H5(OH)3 24. Cho s
C6H6 (benzen) +Cl2 (t mol 1:1) l Fe, to X +NaOH c (d ) to cao, p cao Y +axit HCl Z

B. 1,8g B. C2H4(OH)2

C. 2,4g

D. 3,6g D. C2H5OH

23. t chy 1 mol ancol no X mch h cn 56 lt O2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l C. C3H6(OH)2

Hai cht hu c Y, Z ln lt l: A. C6H6(OH)6 v C6H6Cl6 C. C6H5ONa v C6H5OH B. C6H4(OH)2 v C6H4Cl2 D. C6H5OH v C6H5Cl

25. Cc ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O (u l dn xut ca benzen) c tnh cht: tch nc thu c sn phm c th trng hp to polime, khng tc dng vi NaOH. S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O, tha mn tnh cht trn l A. 4
o

B. 1

C. 3

D. 2

26 Cho 1 lt cn 92 tc dng vi Na d. Cho khi lng ring ca ru etylic nguyn cht l 0,8 g/ml. th tch kh H2 c ktc l A. 224,24 lt C. 280 lt B. 224 lt D. 228,98 lt

27. Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l: A. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, Na B. nc brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH C. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH D. nc brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH 28. Chn phn ng ng nht sau y chng minh phenol l axit yu: A. C6H5OH + Na B. C6H5OH + Na2CO3 C. C6H5OH + NaOH D. C6H5ONa + H2O + CO2 29 Clo ha PVC thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng, trung bnh 1 phn t clo p vi k mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca k l: A. 5 B. 6 C. 4 D. 3 30 Cho glixerol (glixerin) phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l A. 4 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6

1. Theo danh php IUPAC, hp cht CH3CHOHCH 2CH2C(CH3)3 c tn gi

A. 5,5-imetylhexan-2-ol B. 5,5-imetylpentan-2-ol C. 2,2-imetylhexan-5-ol D. 2,2-imetylpentan-5-ol. 2. Cng thc no di y ng vi tn gi ancol isobutylic? A. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH B. (CH3)2CHCH 2OH C. CH3CH2CH(OH)CH 3
D. (CH3)3COH 3. un nng 1,91gam hn hp A gm propyl clorua v phenylclorua vi dung dch NaOH c, va , sau thm tip dung dch AgNO3 n d vo hn hp sau phn ng thu c 2,87g kt tA. Khi lng phenylclorua c trong hn hp A l: A. 0,77g B. 1,125g C. 1,54g D. 2,25g 4. Mt dn xut hirocacbon mch h cha 56,8 % clo. Bit rng 0,01 mol cht ny lm mt mu dung dch c 1,6 gam brom trong bng ti. Cng thc n gin nht ca dn xut l A. C2H3Cl B. C3H5Cl C. C4H7Cl C. Ancol cha no D. CH3OH D. C4H6Cl2 5. t chy mt ancol c s mol nc gp i s mol CO2. Ancol cho l A. Ancol no, n chc B. Ancol a chc

6. Cho cc cht:CH2=CHCl (1), CH3CH2Cl (2),CH 2=CHCH 2Cl (3),CH3CHClCH3 (4) Kh nng phn ng vi AgNO3 /NH3 tng dn theo th t A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) C. (4) < (2) < (3) < (1) 7. B. (1) < (2) < (4) < (3) D. (1) < (3) < (2) < (4)

So snh linh ng ca nguyn t H trong cc cht: CH3OH; C2H5OH; H2O; C6H5OH; C6H5 (NO2)3OH

A. CH3OH < C2H5OH < H2O < C6H5OH <C6H5 (NO2)3OH. B. CH3OH < C2H5OH <C6H5 (NO2)3OH< H2O < C6H5OH. C. C2H5OH <CH3OH < H2O < C6H5OH< C6H5 (NO2)3OH. D. C6H5 (NO2)3OH< C6H5OH < H2O < CH3OH < C2H5OH
8. Cho hn hp Z gm 2 ru CxH2x+2O v CyH2yO bit x+y = 6 v x y 1, CTPT ca 2 ru l: A. C3H8O v C5H10O C. C2H6O v C4H8O B. CH4O v C3H6O D. C4H10O v C6H12O

9. Khi un 1 ancol vi H2SO4 c 170oC thu c 3 anken c cng CTPT l C6H12. Hiro ha 3 anken u thu 2-metylpentan. CTCT ca ancol:

A.

(CH3)2 CH

CH2

CH OH

CH3

B.

(CH3)2 CH

CH OH

CH2

CH3

C. (CH3)2CHCH 2 CH2 CH2OH D. A hoc B. 10. Mt hp cht hu c X cha vng benzen c M=236. Bit X l sn phm chnh trong phn ng gia benzen v brom vi xc tc Fe. X l: A. o- hoc p-ibrombenzen C. m-ibrombenzen B. o- hoc m-ibrombenzen D. 1,3,5-tribrombenzen

11. X l ng phn ng vi CTPT l C6H13Br. Bit khi un nng X vi dung dch kim/etanol th thu c 3 anken (tnh c ng phn hnh hc) v cc anken cng nc (xc tc axit) thu c sn phm chnh khng b oxi ha bi CuO. Tn gi ca X l: A. 1-bromhexan C. 2-bromhexan A. Butan-1-ol C. Propan-1,3-iol B. 3-brom-3-metylpentan D. 2-brom-2,3-imetylbutan B. Glixerol D. C B v C

12. Trong cc cht sau, cht no tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch mu xanh lam

13 A, B l hp cht thm c cng cng thc phn t C7H8O. A tc dng c vi Na, NaOH, B khng tc dng c vi Na v NaOH. Cng thc cu to ca A, B ln lt l: A. C6H5CH2OH v C6H5OCH3 C. C6H5OCH3 v C6H5CH2OH B. HOC6H4CH3 v C6H5OCH3 D. HOC6H4CH3 v C6H5CH2OH

14 Khi tch nc t mt cht X c cng thc phn t C 4H10O to thnh 3 anken l ng phn ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. (CH3)3COH C. CH3OCH2CH2CH3 B. CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH D. CH3CH(OH)CH 2CH3

15. B l mt ancol c cha mt lin kt i trong phn t, khi lng phn t ca B nh hn 60 u. B l: A. CH2=CH CH2 OH C. CH2=CH(OH) CH3 A. 2 B. 3
H2SO4c 170oC

B. CH2=CH-OH D. CH2(OH)=CH CH3 C. 4


+ HBr

16. C bao nhiu ng phn C5H12O b oxi ha thnh anehit? D. 5


H2SO4c 170oC dd KMnO4 lnh

17. Cho s bin ha sau:


butan-1-ol A B +NaOH D E F

Cho bit B, E l sn phm chnh. A, B, D, E ln lt l:


A. CH2 CH CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH Br CH3 CH OH B CH2 CH CH2 CH3 ; CH2 Br CH3 ; CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH CH CH3 CH2 CH3 ;

CH3

CH OH

CH2

CH

CH

CH3

C CH2

CH

CH2

CH3 ; CH2 Br CH3 ; CH3

CH2

CH2

CH3 ;

CH2 OH

CH2

CH2

CH

CH

CH3

D.

CH3

CH

CH

CH3 ; CH3

CH Br

CH2

CH3 ;

CH3

CH OH

CH2

CH3 ; CH3

CH

CH

CH3

18. Dng 1 ha cht duy nht hy phn bit dung dch phenol v ru benzylic. A. NaHCO3 B. Na C. dung dch brom D. H2O 19. Khi phn tch cht hu c A (cha C, H, O) th c mC + mH = 3,5 mO. Ly hai ancol n chc X,Y em un nng vi H2SO4 c 1400C th thu c A. Bit A, X, Y c cu to mch h. Cng thc cu to cu A, X, Y ln lt l A. CH3-O-CH=CH-CH3; CH3OH, CH2=CH-CH2OH B. CH3-O-CH2-CH=CH 2; CH3OH, CH2=CH-CH2OH C. C2H5-O-CH=CH 2; C2H5OH, CH2=CH-OH D. CH3-O-CH2-CH3; CH3OH, CH3-CH2OH 20. 0,1 mol ancol X tc dng vi natri d to ra 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc t chy X sinh ra CO2 v H2O theo t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Tn gi ca ancol X l A. ancol propan-1-ol C. ancol propan-1,2-iol B. ancol propan-2-ol D. ancol propan-1,2,3-triol (glixerol)

21. T mt ancol no n chc A, oxi ha bng oxi khng kh c xc tc Cu, ngi ta iu ch c mt cht lng B d bay hi v khng tc dng vi natri. Phn tch B cho thy t l v khi lng cc nguyn t l mC : mH : mO = 12 : 2 : 4. Cng thc cu to ca ancol A l A. CH3OH C. CH3-CHOH-CH3 B. C2H5OH D. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH

22. Cho cc cht sau: phenol, etanol, axit axetic, natri phenolat, natri hiroxit. S cp cht tc dng c vi nhau l A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.

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