VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AS A SUSTAINABLE METHOD IN GHANAIAN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING.

KOFI OFOSU-ENNIN KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. ENNINKOFI@GMAIL.CO

Abstract

This study deals with using vernacular architecture as a sustainable design method in Ghanaian residential building. The specific objectives were to promote vernacular architecture as a sustainable tool in residential building and promote an eco friendly architecture. The research also aimed at removing the lower class symbolism attached to this kind of architecture. The feasibility of this proposal will also be ascertained in the study. This research doesnt aim for a reversion to old methods, but a combination of both the old and new. The methodology involves assessment of randomly selected buildings. Features of contemporary buildings and those of indigenous Ghanaian architecture will be compared to see which best enhances residents experiences and satisfaction. Results will be duly noted and analyzed to come out with successful design features to repeat or discard. A fusion of both the old and new and empowerment of users to be concerned about their environment. Data relating to building quality will be carried out using developed performance criteria. Vernacular architecture will be given a face lift by the end of the study. Residential buildings will be designed to take advantage of existing local conditions, show the beauty of local architecture, its practicality and economics. In all, the research aims to change the local attitude and mindset that indigenous architecture is uncool and for the poor. Keywords: vernacular architecture, contemporary, eco friendly, building quality, lower class symbolism.

Introduction

In recent years there has been a surge in the use of imported materials for building. Locally available materials have been relegated to the fore. Unfortunately, with the advent of modern technology and subsequently new building materials and methods, most individuals have shunned vernacular architecture in favor of this so called Modern Architecture. This new trend may not necessarily be suited or adaptable to the local environment or even economical, yet still it prevails to the detriment of vernacular architecture. Vernacular architecture, due to the try and error nature of its development, has evolved to using only the materials and methods best suited to a particular locality. Bezemer (2008, pp. 8-9) states that: The vernacular is designed by immediate response and has had the fortunate ability to be modified accordingly, to suit the occupants thermal needs, resulting in practical and nonstylistic buildings. This has resulted in low patronage. With individuals trying to show their status in society by the kind of building in which they live, the vernacular has been relegated to the fore and those who practice it are seen as backward. This disfavor towards the vernacular is prevalent worldwide. In Malaysia, the vernacular tends to be associated to lower class living; home owners would rather own a concrete, air-conditioned home than a timber equivalent, because of the prestigious value (Bezemer, 2008)

Background
With the advent of new technologies the old has been relegated to the fore, this has led to an increase in the use of materials and building methods little suited to our environment. Buildings spring up which have no relation to the local environment, leading to occupants resorting high energy methods to sustain the indoor environment. Combining the new old and new a compromise can be reached to come out with buildings best suited to the environment today. The benefits of this will be; a decrease in building cost, enhancement of building performance and buildings that are eco friendly. Past research done on the vernacular or the contemporary, has always aimed at one and not both. The qualities of one is always extolled over the other. To come out with the most sustainable building method, a comparative study has to be done on both topics, and that is what this study aims at.

Methodology
The methodology of this research involves the initial background reading to identify the research problems and the title of the study. Choosing the research question helped to choose an appropriate methodology for the study. Evaluation process

The process of evaluation will involve five stages (adapted from Vorrdt and Wegen, 2005). 1. Examining building samples. 2. Determine factors to be assessed from literature and related studies. 3. Preparation of evaluation instruments. 4. Carrying out evaluation. 5. Outcomes evaluated by assigning values to results. Questionnaires

The questions will be asked in three forms; close ended (binary answers, multiple choice and scale answers). Interviews

An oral question and answer session will be carried out with the target group.

References

1. Koomson Attah Ebenezer, 2012, Post-occupancy evaluation of traditional courtyard and compound houses, Santasi-Kumasi,Ghana. 2. Bonginkosi G. Mabaleka, The vernacular architecture as a model for sustainable design in Africa. 3. Nick Ladd, 2003, What is vernacular architecture? 4. V. Bezemer, 2008, Can vernacular architecture in the tropics assist with modern passive ventilation design in domestic buildings?